Okay, thank you very much for the organizers to give me the chance to entertain you about some experimental stuff here. It's not the first experimental talk, so you know what you're exposed to more or less. So what I will speak about is things we do in our lab in this when we basically use laser-cold atoms and we throw photons at this large crowd of cold atoms. And so we want to understand what's going on. And many different things go on. And just to show you a range of topics which can go on and this conference going from atomic scales as to physics scales, I give you some examples where we hope that we can bridge this gap. So clearly we will use atomic physics information. So this is a cloud of cold atoms we use. It's larger like my fingernail here, one centimeter typically. And we can study many things. I will discuss quite a lot today about what happens if you want to understand the undislocalization of light and how this might connect to long range interactions. But we also can look at what happens if you look at the motion of the atoms and this is a kind of movie what can happen if you throw photons in some regimes. And this is a cloud of cold atoms suspended in vacuum moving along, I will discuss shortly this. We also can study how photons jump around and this gives rise to levy statistics which is also connected to some astrophysical range and random lasing where we want to see if random lasing exists in astrophysics. So we do many things where we try to do experiments in the lab but more and more we try to see what type of systems or configuration can exist in astrophysics. But not all of them connected to long range physics. Okay, so the first thing I want to explain briefly here not the main part of my talk but because this is something we want to investigate in future in more detail is what happens on the motion of the position of the atoms if the photons bounce around in the cloud of cold atoms. So this by cloud of cold atoms.  So one first thing which will happen is that this photon, one photon jumps from one atom and then it jumps to the other atom. But as the photon jumps from one atom to the other atom it will push away the other atom because that's radiation pressure. It's like if you have the light of the sun going on the tail of the comet it will push away the tail of the comet. This is the same thing which happens here. So if I have a photon jumping from one atom to the second atom it will push away this atom. And so it will push it away proportion to the intensity of the light arriving on the second atom. And the intensity arriving on the second atom is a power which is scattered by the first atom divided by the distance squared here. So this leads to a repulsive interaction between the atoms which skates like a Coulomb force. And so this is well known for more than 20 years now in our community. And one consequence of this is that if you have a few particles in the trap you have a small size of a millimeter size, let's say. And if you want to put more and more atoms in this trap because of this repulsion the traps get bigger and bigger and bigger. And so this you can easily see that this has been seen. And so this can be mapped on some extent to one component plasma situation. It has been considered detrimental and very bad for both agent condensation. So this is why many people in our community didn't like this type of physics but we take on this type of physics to study this long range mechanical forces. Something we found in our lab is that as we load more and more atoms in this cloud at some times this cloud becomes unstable and it oscillates, the size oscillates in time. And this is a situation which exists in astrophysics. There's some star Cepheids which oscillate in time. There's an instable balance between the gravitational pull to get a small cloud and the radiation pressure in the start which blows up the star. And we get similar things here and we get an oscillating behavior here. There's an instable regime we find in this cloud. And there's a very complex dynamics happening inside the cloud which has been simulated by Thomas Paul which maybe some of you know from other type of context working very much on Rydbeck atoms now but the tools they use can also be applied to this type of systems. So something we also stole from astrophysics just to see is always nice to go to conferences where you don't know most of the people. So you can steal ideas and you cite them but that's all you do. But you get new ideas and you can get nice papers in your community. So this is an idea I stole from astrophysics which is called photon bubbles. So close to some accreditation disk here what's happening in astrophysics is that there's a huge outflow of energy of light, let's say and this blows away the matter. And once the matter is away, this light can ballistically expand. There's no scattering any longer. So the light makes its way free and it can propagate and the matter is clumped in other regions. And this is what they call photon bubbles in astrophysics. And so we map this idea on what's happening in cold atoms. And there is the following that you have an equation of propagation here for the intensity of light. How is light propagating in the system? And here we use just a simple diffusion equation of light. And this diffusion equation of light depends on the density of the mean free path. So it depends on the matter. If there's no matter, there's no diffusion. If there's a lot of atoms, there will be a lot of diffusion. And so this is the equation for the light. And this is an equation as we just heard. Previously it's like a fluid equation for matter and the interaction here, this charge here is this effective cooler interaction which I just introduced previously. So we have an equation here for the position for the matter and here an equation for light. And if you couple these two equations, you can find the instability. And this instability leads to the same kind of region where light will be pushing away the atoms. And so this is what we call photon bubbles in cold atoms. And this is something which is used now to explain this type of movies here where this motion of atoms and light is coupled together. And this experiment is now also reproduced in Lisbon. And we explained this type of picture with photon bubbles physics. But I will not go into much detail of this work in progress. But so we can look at the basic ideas that we can look at what happens to the motion of the atoms with one of our squared forces, cooler like forces. And we can reproduce this in the lab. OK, but now I want to switch to something else. And this, not looking at the position and the velocities of the atoms, but looking at the internal degrees of freedom of the atoms. The forces on the atoms actually can be derived from, if I'm an atom, the force acting on me depends on some gradient of the Hamiltonian of the internal dynamics, which is, so I'm an atom. Laser comes on me. It will induce a dipole. And I will oscillate. And the magnetic field will push me. So the internal degrees of freedom of the atoms will be coupled to the atomic motion. And so now on, I will look at the atomic motion. I will just look at the internal degrees of freedom. How this electron on each atom will oscillate. And how this oscillation will be shared collectively in the large cloud of cold atoms. So one thing which can happen there is that you can find a different regime of how light can stay in the cloud. And that's our main goal. We want to look at something which is like a holy grail in the sub-community, which is under-stocalization of light. And so we want to throw a photon in the system. And we want to see how long does the photon stay in the system. And what are the mechanisms of a photon staying in the system? Once possibility is just radiation trapping, it's a random walk. And if the system of the size of the system is very large, it takes long for the photon to escape. But you don't need any interference effect to explain this. Other effects are based on interferences. One is under-stocalization. That's what we want to see. We didn't see it yet. No one has seen it yet. But that's what we want to see. And this would be the idea that if I have some modes of the system where these atoms here share the excitation, and there's an exponentially localized mode. And the other atoms in the other side of the room, they don't know that we share a mode here. And there's another way how to keep a photon in the system for a long time. And this is what I call dike-subradience, which is that the photon stays in the system. But we all oscillate together out of phase. And this keeps the photon in the system. But we all share this excitation. So there are different ways how to store a photon. And we want to understand how we go from one regime to the other. So first, look at the Anderson case. So random walk of photons. So the Anderson model, just to put it in the context of the last 50 years, was initially introduced for electrons. And so to explain the transition from a conductor to an insulator, electrons have a lot of applications in solid state devices. But they have interactions. And so this makes the situation much more complicated. So people were looking for non-interacting waves to study for this underslocalization. And so what we do is light, because light is a very nice non-interacting wave in principle. And people have used different type of scattering materials, semi-contact powders, white paint. And we add cold atoms as a scattering material. Also, in underslocalization, the holy grail is this three-dimensional phase transition, because there's a critical disorder. In one or two dimensions, most things our students have been observed. But in three dimensions, it's more difficult, because you need a critical disorder strength to localize. And so a lot of theory has been done in the last decades. But even up to now, there's no macroscopic exact theory of underslocalization. There's numerical simulations, but there's no analytical theory. The best we have is kind of self-consistent theory of localization. But this, for instance, gives a wrong critical exponent. So we know that this is not exact, but that's the best we have today. So there's no exact theory on this. And we are back to numerical simulations or experiments to study these effects. And so these are the two experiments which are the state-of-the-art nowadays. So that's the experiment way to look at the steady state signatures of underslocalization. And this is now considered to be masked by absorption. So this is no longer proof of underslocalization. And in a time-dependent experiment, there was inelastic scattering involved here. And so the authors of this paper now all agree that what they saw is no proof of underslocalization of light. So it has not been seen so far. So we can ask the question, does it exist? Maybe it does not exist. And I will show you some theory results of the last years which might claim that maybe it doesn't exist. So maybe you're looking for something which just doesn't exist. We don't know yet, we'll see. So what we did for many years ago now in our group in this is that we looked at something which is called weak localization, which is called the precursor of underslocalization. And the idea is that you throw photons at the cloud of cold atoms. They scatter. And then we look where they scatter using a camera here. And typically what happens, we see this enhanced back scattering peak, which means that photons they scatter, they do random walk. And they come back a little bit more in the backward direction than in the average all directions. So this means that the diffusion coefficients get reduced. And the idea is that if this reduction is so strong that the diffusion coefficient will be zero, that's what we call underslocalization. So this is why this enhanced coming back in the initial direction is a precursor of underslocalization. So this works in cold atoms. And so there's theory on this, but no exact theory but there's kind of a diagrammatic approach which works extremely well. There's a comparison between theory and experiment here. There's no free fitting parameter. And it works extremely well. So we have no reason to believe that this diagrammatic approach should not predict exactly underslocalization. So we were really confident that this works. And using this type of approach, it told us that we just need to increase the density of the atoms to go for underslocalization. So we just need to work a little bit in our parameter space to go for higher spatial densities. We were working the dilute limit and nowadays people have done this high densities but no one has seen underslocalization. So it's not so easy just increasing density as predicted by this initial diagrammatic approach was not so sufficient to make this jump to cross this magic line of underslocalization. Okay, so the question is what is going on? So we need to come back. So it doesn't work easily as we expected. So what can be going on? And so what I will show you now is that we're considering now a completely different situation, the same experimental but a different description, different interpretation. And we now consider light as a scattering wave with a one over R outgoing wave. And so this is a long range part here which will be important in what's going on. And maybe this is the key of the difference between underslocalization and Ticca Supradians what is going on in the experiment. Okay, so what we can do is we can come into the external field here and all these points are our atoms. And every atom here, I can describe it the evolution of this dipole so how this electron oscillates internally. It's driven by the external field. It has some free evolution here. And then, so this is what's happening the atom to independent. And then I have this extra term here which is describing the field scattered by the dipole M going to the dipole J. So this is the res scattered field which couples onto this dipole here. So this is like a self consistent equation here. And this term here is where all the complexity comes in. And here I have this one over R decrease. So this dipole is coupled with a one over R coupling term. This is where the long range comes in. And once I solve this equation numerically I can solve any observable like the field going out. I can compute what can I detect in the experiment. So that's easy step afterwards. But the complexity is coming in here. Okay, so what can I do? I can, for instance, compute where the light is going out in all directions. And I see many features here. I see like this much out of cold atoms light coming in, light coming out. So there's a very strong intensity around the fourth direction here which can be explained by a mean field. I don't know if it's called a real mean field but like what I would call a mean field description of a smooth density distribution of particles like a dielectric sea of glass. And this is just a lens. And so this will focus light in the fourth direction. That's what I see here. Then there's a pedestal background here which I can explain also without taking into account the interference effect. So that would like a random walk and diffusion equation would describe this pedestal here. And then I have this coherent back-scattering meat localization peak here which I described previously. So this simulation captures everything I already described to you. So this simulation is considered more or less exact to some limit for these experiments. Okay, so then we can look a little bit more detail what's happening in this type of equation. So we can, if you have an oscillator you can make different things. You can look at the Hamiltonian, you can look at the response function. So you can do this one. So let's look at the Hamiltonian here. We can have this, use an effective Hamiltonian which describes the evolution of each independent atom here which is the ground state excited state here. And this is the coupling term here which describes the coupling where the atom, the photon goes from one atom to the other. So it jumps from atom J to atom I. And this coupling term here is complicated. It has real and imaginary part. There's a phase evolution in there. And it has this long range. It also has short term, a short range here, one of our cube which is a big issue in our community. I will come slightly back to this but this is the complete description we need to take into account. And this looks like an Hamiltonian which is an open system because it has an I over here. And there's an I over here. It looks like an Anderson Hamiltonian because there's disorder here because the atoms are positioned at a random location. So this VIJ are random numbers here. So it looks a little bit like an Anderson Hamiltonian and it looks like a couple spins. It has long range coupling here. So it has all the ingredients. We like to compare what's happening in Anderson localization with long range effects. Okay, and so then we can look at the, if you have an Hamiltonian, you can look at the eigenvalues. So this is a spectrum of eigenvalues and it shows different things. This is the real part of the eigenvalue that's the imaginary part. So this corresponds to the lifetime of the mode and this of the frequency shift of the modes. And what we can see is that in the dense limit, if you take into account the near field effect or if you don't take into account just the far field here, if I add near field here, the distribution of these eigenvalues is completely different, which is not surprising. If atoms are very close together, the near field is important. And this can drastically affect the distribution of eigenvalues. And this will have a consequence that we'll show you later. Yeah, so here. So what we can do is we can use these eigenvalues here to make a statistical analysis of what's expected to happen. And so we can look, for instance, if I have all these modes, if these modes overlap or not. And there's a criterion which is called kind of overlap criterion or homeless criterion which tells you if this overlap is increasing if you increase the system size, you go to localization or you go to metallic regime or conductor regime. And so what has been shown by Sergei Skipetrov and what we also confirmed in our numerics is that if you take the real description with the near field terms, there's no phase transition for light. So this is like a no-go theory. There might be no localization of light in this type of systems, which is bad for us because that's what we were looking for for many years. So photons have polarization. They have near field coupling for dipole-dipole coupling. And maybe this near field coupling kills under-socalization. If you take it away in the model, there is a crossing here and the slope here goes from negative to positive. So in the Scala model, without polarization, without near field, there will be localization. And in the complete model which describes the real photons, there might be no localization. So this is quite recent and it might point to a situation where there's no under-socalization. So that's a very big issue for us. Now then, together with the people in St. Carlos, with Romain Bachelard and his colleagues, we looked at the 2D situation on this and we also confirmed that in the vectorial case, there's no localization. In the Scala case, there is localization. But what we found also is that time and space needs to be considered differently. You cannot just look at the time dependence or for something to infer what is spatial localization. For instance here, there's a lifetime of the modes of this eigenstate and the localization length, they're not correlated. So it's not because you have a long lifetime that you have a spatial localized mode or vice versa. So we need to discuss space and time localization differently which has not done in the literature before. Okay, so now the other thing is this long range dipole-dipole coupling. So for now we seem to say that under-socalization does not exist. So let's look for dicker sub-radius, the other way how to store photon system for many, many lifetimes. And so this is just a reminder for dicketed in the 50s here. He took a situation where you have N2 level systems and he treats the total Hilbert space here. And so they have, for instance here, one state where all the atoms are in the ground state. Here there's one state where all the atoms are in the excited state. In this here, there's one excitation, two excitation. So this is a full Hilbert space. And what he showed that if you start from the fully inverted system here, there's a cascade to the ground state here which is much faster if you have many dipole, many two level systems than if you have an individual single atoms. And this experiment, this has been seen the experiment in the 70s. So this is called super radians. So this cascade here grows very quickly because there's a stimulated emission process in this cascade. So this has been seen, this is working well. So what we focus on now is on the single excitation here. So we don't start from a fully inverted system. We just want to have one excitation in the system and see how this propagates and stays in the system. And so even in this case here, there's an n time enhancement for the decay rate of the symmetric states. So if you have a single excitation and if all this excitation were in phase, let's say, then this would decay n times faster than a single atom. And this, we have to pay a price for this. This means that all the other states here, they do not decay. And so they have a long lifetime. So this is what I call sub-radian state. And this fast decaying state is super-radian state. And so this has been done in the Dicke paper in the 50s. We extend this now to a regime where the size of the system is much larger than the wavelength. And so this scaling n is no longer scaling with the particle number, but it's scaling with the particle number divided by the number of optical modes available in the system. Which means if we have all a photon to get out of the room here, it depends on how many doors we have to get the photon out of the room. And how many doors there are, it depends on how many lambda squares I can fit on the surface on the roof. And so this number of optical modes here, and so we define a cooperativity parameter, which is the number of atoms divided by the number of optical modes which can go out of the system. And so this is the same as in cavity QD. It's number of particles which share the same mode. And this number here, I like it very much because this is also the unresistant optical thickness is something I can measure in the experiment. So this is a theory number, a criterion, which can be experimentally measured. So that's why I like this number very much. Okay, so sub-radient has been studied in the past for two particles. If you take two atoms close together, then the two dipoles can either oscillate in phase or out of phase. And there's been experiments in the 90s done by the group of crew where they could take two ions and put them very close together. And they saw a change in the lifetime and this dotted line here is the single atom lifetime and they saw a reduction of this lifetime if the atoms come close together. This means there were, it's one state which oscillate out of phase and that's what they saw. But this works if the atoms are very close together, it's not exploiting the long range nature of this interaction. So there's been one experiment where they claim some sub-radient and forward direction, but it was like a tensile excitation. So the laser comes here and in the forward direction, they saw a little slight change, but the main problem here is that photons can escape in the other directions and then they do not live in the system for a very long time. If you want to make a situation where the photons stay in the system for a long time, that needs to be no exit to at all, in no direction. So you need a three-dimensional spherical or cubic situation. So this sub-radient is difficult to observe. It does not require a large spatial density. It requires a large cooperativity parameter, but so you can have many, many atoms far away, but so the only parameter is the optical density. It's not the spatial density. So you can, if you want to have a large optical density, even if the atoms are far away, you just need more particles, but you can create a large system without having atoms very close together. So they don't feel the near field interactions, but you need the price you have to pay is you have to have more and more particles in your system. And so that's what we can do. So we need a large optical thickness and we exploit this one of our long-range coupling. That's what we exploit in our situation. And so we need some numerical simulation. So the idea is that you start with the ground state and then you come with a laser beam. You're excited mainly to the super-radian state and there's some coupling to this sub-radian metastable dark states here. And then you switch off the laser and then we want to see how the light comes out. And what we compute it here is that we expect a faster decay here and then some tail here, which would be the slow decay of the sub-radian states. And so we have to distinguish sub-radians from under-socalization and from random walk. And there's some scaling laws, how this time scale should scale. So sub-radians should scale like this cooperativity parameter which I just introduced. Relation trapping would scale like the optical thickness at the laser frequency square. And under-socalization maybe like the exponential. So that's what there's no precise here on this. But so this is what we expect for decay sub-radians in contrast to radiation trapping. And so we do the experiment. We come with laser beam here, switch everything off and look at the scattered light on the detector. So we are experts in this of creating large cloud of cold atoms. So for you this is not a big issue, but this is among the largest cloud of cold atoms you can see. So that's our expertise. We can go even more than this. We can go now up to 10 to 11 or 10 to 12 atoms trapped. So we can create very large cloud of cold atoms in the dilute limit where the near field coupling is not important. That's very important here. Okay and so this is the experiment. So when we switch off our laser most light goes out very quickly and then there are these tails here which really depend on the optic thickness. If I change this optic thickness here the photos stay in longer. If I change the detuning the slope does not change. So it does not depend on the detuning. And if I put all this data together I get a universal scaling which shows us lifetime here scales like the optical thickness. So it scales like the system size. So it's a global effect. It's not a local effect. It's not a dense defect. And so this is exactly what we expect from super radians and this is different from what you expect from radiation trapping. And this is probably the first observation of this dicker sub-radians in a large system in three dimensions without the canopy. Okay so that's okay. So now we have the dicker sub-range we have seen. We know that there must be super radiant peak as well because you're surprised to pay that if this leaves longer this is shorter. So we have done this. It's a little bit technically more difficult to switch off the laser quickly. But typically we can see a lifetime which is four or five times faster than the independent atom lifetime. And this decays faster than the single atom. So this we have seen and this will appear soon as well. There's some spin to this. It's very different from what you can do in the forward direction. In the forward direction you can describe all this with an index of refraction with a mean field. But we also look at a large angle and so at this large angle where we do the experiment there's no mean field approach to describe this fast decaying. So it's only the dicker super radiant mechanism which can explain this. Okay and then, so far this seems to say that okay under the organization we did no one saw in the experiment the theory says maybe it doesn't exist and we see sub-radians so that could be more or less the end of the story. But of course there's a lot of clever people around and they make proposals how to get around some no-go theories. And so one of this is what we do with Luca Gelardo. So there's a proposal how to solve this problem of under-slocalization with our system. So this is for the toy model and the toy model takes up the standard Anderson model on the lattice and adds opening here to the same channel here. So that's a toy model just to combine Anderson type of physics to a dicker type of super and sub-radians and to see how can you play with this two effects. And so what we saw is that in the Hilbert space you can separate two things. You separate the super radiant states and the sub-radian states. And if you look at the super radiant states you will not see any under-slocalization. I will not go into this about the super radiant state they are very strongly coupled to the outside field and they just leave very quickly. But the sub-radian state somehow they live in a closed system. So they don't know that there's an open system outside. They feel more this Hamiltonian closed system. And what we see is that there's a the sub-radian state they are still subject to the under-slocalization if you add additional diagonal disorder on this lattice system. So we see that here we can get under-slocalization under-slocalization of the sub-radian states. And the shape of the states has a what you call hybrid states. It has this under-slocalized peak and it has some plateau which is the residual of this the sub-radian extended state. So this has been seen now in the numerics in the kind of toy model and we have done this now in the more realistic model which is in progress here but we are confident that in the Hamiltonian we use where the initial prediction was that there's no under-slocalization using additional diagonal disorder we might be able to localize photons in this system. So that's very important because there seems to be a route around this no-go theorem for under-slocalization in code atoms. And so this is something we want to if this is really if you are confident enough on this theory that's what we're going to do in the experiment very soon. And so now I come to the conclusion. So we want to we're still optimistic that maybe there's a route for under-slocalization. Sergei Skifetrov has another proposal by adding a strong magnetic field to solve this type of problem and we'll see what type of route we will solve. There is still a problem that if the Hamiltonian approach says that there's under-slocalization the main problem is that we don't know how to see it from outside because we can go inside the cloud of code atoms. So there's still an important issue how to measure it. And there's some technical issues which you don't care about but for me it's very important. Probably we need to switch atoms from rubidium to eterbium which is a big issue for us but not relevant here. And then so then this is all about how the internal degrees of freedom can be sensitive to this long-range coupling or under-slocalization. And then there's the whole other regime where I look at the motion of the atoms which I shortly mentioned at the beginning of my talk, photon bubbles. So we look for the device screening. Can this repulsion between atoms make an arrangement of the atoms which is a little bit more subtle than just a homogeneous distribution. I would be very happy if I could find a way to change the sign of this Coulomb repulsion because right now I said that one atom pushes the other atom away but there are dipole forces in cold atoms which might make us attract so we can get a long-range attractive force in three dimensions that would be very nice. And then another question that's a question for this community. This past and slow relaxation super-subradians which scales like the system size which exploits this one of our connection. Maybe it's connected to this quasi-stationary state so we had some discussions with some people here. So maybe there's some connections. Maybe you could find some scaling laws, analytical scaling laws how this super-subradian scale should scale. And I want to finish but I want to first to mention all the people who work on this. As we heard before, experimental efforts implies a huge number of people which are not listed here. These are just the people who are right now in the lab but over the last 10 years might be 20 people have been working on this. Guillaume Laverie is the mastermind behind all this current backscattering weak localization experiment. William Guerin is the PI on this sub-radian state and Mathilde Fouchier just joined us on the random lasing part and these are students working on this project. And these are all the collaborators which are of course very important for us because first they give us new ideas. They say that we are maybe on the right track so we have Luca here, Romain is here, Julien is here, Marco Bruno is here. So many people you know here are very important for us because these give us new ideas and gives a solution to how to proceed in this fight. Our main thing is another organization of light just to mention this. And with this I thank you for your attention.


What's up everyone it's your girl Kenzie here from Leighton Sports Cards and I'm ripping a personal for a Gianlucca B We've got another 21-22 Panini prison basketball first off the line box. Thanks again for hopping back in Gianlucca Let's see we get you this time.   On the rookie pulsar clippers not read hyper Sherry Cooper Cameron Thomas rookie everyone be sure to check out the break schedule As force will be life here in about about an hour for group breaks Kyle Lowry purple O'Shea brisket for the Pacers 58 out of 99 Starting the night off with some and Scotty Barnes base Faster or some soccer and then we'll also rip some baseball and football Yes to find my app isn't working. So I'm not watching the game right now What do we have here one of five green shimmer Damian Lillard? There you go Man Gianlucca killing these first off the line boxes nice Dame Dala Heck yeah one of five Magged that one for you blue ice of some white chocolate for the Kings 222 out of 125 Jason Williams Jonathan Kominga rookie and Rui Hachimara glad they called it back then if that wasn't Silver Josh Richardson a Zion Williamson hyper Butler rookie coming up here Nope, we got shimmer 15 out of 30 on the blue loot door for the thunder Thunder color match there the door. We've got purple ice 46 of 149 Jay Crowder on the purple ice And auto for them to have some auto wings easy Mavs legend wings easy They livers Banton rookie base. We've got silver. I don't sue move for the bulls Silver fireworks Damian Lillard Paul George Robertson Earl rookie got Aaron Gordon rookie prism or sorry hyper of Bruce Brown Mellow primo rookie James book night rookie So what's the score Stefan My app is only I don't know why Got red wave rookie was Manga Ruba Rockets red of Onyeko Kongu for the Hawks 84 of 299 Ron Garuba rookie and a most a smoothie rookie base Got silver Jason Preston rookie Julius Randall on the prismatic silver Pistons rookie autos and sensational signatures Isaiah livers Isaiah livers great brown We got red wave Killian Hayes hyper Jeremy Grant Lamella ball fearless rookie insert Davion Mitchell Grady Silver Bobby Portis orange wave of Theo Maldon on the second year there 34 out of 60 Jalen green 75 years insert Isaiah Jackson And last pass here for you Red wave Kevin Love calves blue Austin Reeves rookie Lakers 83 of 199 Wilson cosmetic Westbrook. Sorry sharp and Robinson All righty that will do it for your um box there and Gianluca. Thanks again for hopping back in another nice box for you We'll get these right out to you


I'm Tanda Julieta Nyantaku. I work from Kumasi Hive, located in Ghana, and I lead an initiative by Kumasi Hive. Since childhood, I had the passion for IET, but going up, I saw that why don't I get other women into tech, because that's where the opportunities are. Kumasi Hive is a hub on its own, and what they do is to support and promote the training of women and girls in technological skills, as well as in entrepreneurship. It's a very collaborative team. We work together, we network, we share jokes, but when it's time for work, it's work. They are very happy for me representing to be here, because it's actually a laudable work that we've done, and then equals recogniziness. It was an excitement. It was something that we never expected, from the girls that we've trained. Some of them came in with no knowledge in IT, but they ended with geniuses creating very good projects. To any girl who wants to begin a career in IT, don't fall shy. Network with the right people, and then ask the questions that you don't know. You ought to make it.


The word mortar comes from the Latin term for a vessel used for pounding. Pestle comes from the same root and means something that is used for pounding. But the tool they describe is far older than Roman, with examples in museums dating back tens of thousands of years. This tool was one of the major advances in stone age technology after fire, edge stone tools and the related technology of the Quernstone and it founded the modern human species food system. The enjoyment of using this is as much therapy as food preparation but once you discover the depths of technique to its use, it's extremely versatile. The base part, the mortar, weighs about three kilos with a pit about 14 centimetres wide and deep. The pestle weighs about half a kilo but very quickly you learn that using this tool is more than just hitting things that are of rock. There are different techniques to discover, each of its own finely controlled use of force and different kinds of food require their own special treatment to get just the right result. I'll skip over a lot of detail today. Don't worry, I'll come back to it in future blog posts. What I want to outline here is the general pattern behind this blog and the approach I'm trying to demonstrate. When I cook, I do not measure. Going by feel with what your experience says you need to do rather than impose measure is how people cook for most of human history up until a century or two ago when cheaper mass-produced scales were first available. What I advise you to do is get away from those externally imposed hierarchies of weights and measures and instead develop your skills of tactile sense and observation. That's where anarchist cooking begins, an acceptance that there are no hierarchies in food culture or a need to honour standards with which you might not agree. The root of that is to develop, through practical experience, a confidence in your own judgement which, outside the issue of food, will take you to many other places besides. Today I'm making what are probably my most expensive version of these burgers because of the ingredients, lots of nuts. The important thing is, this recipe uses the same method irrespective of the ingredients chosen. Today I'm using nuts, but I could have used cooked grains and pulses or beans. It makes very little difference in the end except for the price. A nut burger is basically nut meal, that's ground nuts, bound together with something starchy that goes solid when cooked. That's where the pestle and mortar comes in. It turns nuts into nut meal easily. I begin by making the binder, the mush that will stick the nuts and other ingredients together into a fairly solid burger. First I hand mash chickpeas. Next I add some seasoning to give the usually bland binder some flavour. I take half a dozen harder ones and gently squeeze them until they pop in the pestle and mortar. Then I remove the pod and leave the seeds inside the mortar. I add black peppercorns and cumin seed and grind everything to powder. Grinding seeds takes practice. If you hit them hard they fly around the room. Start by using the weight of the pestle to tap gently down and break the hard outer shell of the seed. When that's done you can certainly begin to hit them harder and harder until they turn into powder. The reason for using seed, not ready ground spices, is the flavour is more intense. Seeds are nature's low impact organic flavour storage vessels designed to keep all those oils and the flavours they carry inside. Peel and hand grate a carrot. The thin grated carrot will soften more quickly during the short cooking time compared to lumps of sliced carrot. Essentially adding finely chopped or grated veg adds flavour, texture and colour, which makes it more pleasant to eat as well as more varied nutrition which makes it better for your diet. With everything in the bowl I mix it all together. Now I make the nut meal. Why bother bashing nuts? Crushing nuts and seeds makes the nutrition they contain more easily available to the gut because they are more easily digested and so more beneficial to the body which was a great nutritional advance that the pestle and mortar gave to humanity at least 40,000 years ago. Which fellow am I using today? First, cashews. These are a doddle. A good nut to practice with at first. Gently press down and let them break under the pestle. When you have a lot of broken chunks press a bit harder. Hit them too hard and they will turn into powder which you don't want or the burgers will be like a slimy paste inside. A good method is to hold the pestle firmly and rotate the end in a circle inside the mortar and gradually the cashews will break into a sort of lump and flour. Next, walnuts. They put up no resistance whatsoever. Gently press to break them then rotate the pestle around until they make a sticky crumbly mass. Finally, snapped brazils. Brazil nuts are very nutritious and if you buy the broken ones they are a tiny bit cheaper. They are much harder than other nuts they do have a strange behaviour. If you hit them hard they shatter and once you shatter them they grind down to a lumpy powder quite easily by rotating the pestle around the mortar. Now mix up everything in the bowl and add a little hot but not boiling water to help everything glue together. What you are trying to do is make the mix liquid enough to stick but not so well that it turns into a paste. I add turmeric and mixed herbs. I also add flour to the mix to bind it a little more. If you did make the mix too wet you can always add a little gram or wholemeal flour to make the mix solid again. When well mixed together pack it down flat and leave for 20 or 30 minutes to allow the water to soak into the mix and make it more solid. Making the burgers. Two plates. Sprinkle one little wholemeal flour to stop the burger sticking to the plate and on the other tip a small heap of flour. Now take the hopefully solid bowl of mix and divide it cleanly into portions. Very roughly each portion should form a ball inside the cupped palms of your hand. Take a portion drop it into the heap of flour and turn it over to the flour sticks. Then take some flour in the palm of your hand dump the floury ball on top sprinkle flour on top of the ball then cup your other hand around the ball and squeeze hard until you feel the moisture begin to ooze. With your thumb slightly bent with the thumb on one hand just blow the wrist on the other. Squeeze the mix between your palms then rotate a third of a turn and repeat over and over again until you have a fairly flatish rounded hexagonish shaped burger. This is a skill you probably won't get it right first time. When you've got something that looks like a burger put it on the other plate and go to the next portion in the bowl. Carry on until you've processed all the mix into burgers then leave them to stand and harden a little for another 20 or 30 minutes. I need three burgers for dinner. I will freeze the other three. The reason I make big batches and freeze them is it saves time in waste and creates a supplier frozen goodies for when I haven't the time to prepare real fresh food. When soft the burgers need only 15-20 minutes hot frying in a shallow amount of oil perhaps 10 minutes on one side then flip over and do the other. Cook from frozen put on a tray for about 25 to 30 minutes on gas mark 5, 190 Celsius, 375 Fahrenheit. I came across rice and bits at a peace camp in the 1980s. Rice is mostly carbohydrate though brown rice is a dollop of protein and more useful minerals in comparison to white rice. To make the rice more nutritious add bits. What you add is up to you. I'm using sunflower seeds and pumpkin seeds. Then just boil as normal which are brown rice is anything from 35 to 50 minutes until soft and fluffy. I also add a few bay leaves which are removed before serving. Cold raw food chops small to make it more easily digestible. What could be better? Except it's winter and I really don't want to eat energy intensive industrial greenhouse food that's been trucked thousands of miles over continents. In winter there's a cheap and simple alternative to greenhouse salad. Sprouting seeds at home. That's the subject of the future blog I have planned so I won't go into that here. Essentially you just have to use whatever you can be eaten raw and is seasonally available and packed with nutrition.  Of course salad is always better with a dressing. A salad dressing is a dodger of a pestle and mortar. Put a little mustard seed in the mortar. Tap with the pestle to crack the shell then rotate to grind into flour. Put a small amount of oil in a small container that has a watertight lid. Add the same amount of vinegar and the same amount of warm water. Or if you skip the vinegar add twice the amount of warm water. Add the mustard powder and stir. I had a finely chopped clove of garlic. Another stir, pop on the lid then shake till it's all blended. If it separates then just give it a shake again. A dressing just adds flavour to a salad which might otherwise be a bit bland. If you forage your salad it's also a good way to make tough leaves and it'll easier to chew. Tahini. Ground sesame seeds with a little oil added to make it into a paste. Ok so it's not really that simple. What colour do you like your tahini? Like tahini is ground seeds. Usually hulled seeds as a husk makes it a little grey. If you like dark tahini you need to roast your seeds for 5-10 minutes on gas mark 4, 176 Celsius, 350 Fahrenheit until they start to change colour. And the longer you leave them the more dark and bitter they will taste. Take your seeds and fill the bottom of the mortar to not more than 1cm or half an inch deep. Then pound. No, I mean pound. Sesame seeds take a lot of effort to turn into flour. Tahini needs fine flour. I don't mind bits of husk but for the equivalent of shop bought tahini you need to sieve and then pound the lumps again. If I were doing a large amount I would tip the flour into a bowl as I pounded each batch. Then add the oil when it was finished. As I only need one batch today I'll pound to a flour then add a small amount of oil in the mortar. Then stir until it reaches the right consistency. Today I'm making tahini dip dressing. After adding almost enough oil I stir in a spoon of mango chutney. I've made this tahini to spoon on top of the burgers when they are cooked. Equally I could have made gravy with miso and or a fried onion or apple sauce. Again this is just a quick 5 or 10 minutes of preparation that boosts the flavour and adds nutrition. The final task, clean the pestle and mortar. A warm rag or a sponge, perhaps a dab of detergent or soap if you just made it oily, then wipe the surface until the smears have gone. That's it, done, 30 seconds at most. For me the joy of the pestle and mortar isn't just in its use, it's the ease of cleaning compared to all those alternative options. I love cooking good nutritious food but that's not my only motivation. Human food culture has become a monoculture. Lots of products but they're all made from the same small group of ingredients. It's that same lack of diversity, not simply the scale of farming, that is killing global biodiversity. The point about a pestle and mortar is that it can be the practical heart of a more diverse and so more resilient personal food culture, much like the one that existed for millennia until industrialism and urbanisation appeared four centuries ago. Adopting the older, less intense and far more diverse food culture is one of the things we need to do to avoid that outcome. This table shows the ingredients in today's meal and how much they cost. Per person each serving costs £1.26. In this table I've taken the weight of the ingredients and calculated the total protein content of each serving. Each £1.26 serving delivers 18g of protein and costs 6.3 pence per gram of protein. Each 125g burger has 11.7g of protein or 5.6 pence per gram of protein. As I said at the beginning, these are my most expensive burgers. There are many other options to vary the ingredients to create a different result. Checking the McDonald's website in early February 2021, the cost of a Big Mac was £3.19 and provided 26g of protein. That's 12.3 pence per gram of protein. I'd have to eat 1.4 times more food to get the same amount of protein but that's still only 9.1 pence per gram. A six pack of Morrison's own meat-free burgers costs £1.49. Each 56g burger contains 8.8g of protein. I'd have to eat one of the third Morrison's burgers to get the same amount of protein as my food so in the end the price comes out to about a third less. At the upper end of the market, Sainsbury's Moving Mountain Plant-Based Burgers, £4.50 for two, each contains about 17g of protein at a cost of 13.2 pence per gram. That's twice my own. All these burgers are made from highly processed soya and pea protein, the two alternative ingredients to nuts which are even cheaper to make. Whether you are a vegan or not doesn't matter. In future there will be less meat available. If climate policy doesn't kill our farm animals then carbon taxes will make the meat unaffordable for many. We will all have to get used to cooking more of our own protein. That's because it is the only viable alternative to the consumerist vision of the intensely manufactured vegan product. In a society that idolises the product, do-it-yourself is a deviant act and in the era of mechanical power which seeks to avoid personal effort using hand tools is a revolutionary act. The more bizarre fact that, unlike many of the approaches to saving the planet is this DIY approach is cheaper than the equivalent everyday mainstream offerings from shops and supermarkets. And it's fun to do.


So you're starting to understand how these shaders work, but you want that classic manga look. Not a problem. Now, you can spend your life mastering shaders, or you can go download this unbelievable one for free. Not only does it contain the final nodes, it also shows you how each setup was created. And applying it is super easy. Just go to your file, a pen, materials, find the shaders you just downloaded, then click your object, go to materials, add, pick the shader, and you're done. And this is all procedural, so technically you can add this to any material that you want. For example, if you're using my setup, all the shadows are basically controlled with this bottom ramp. So if you replace this plug with another one, then all the shadows will be drawn according to that new setup instead. Hope that helps. And as always, hope you have a fantastic day, and I'll see you next time.


Good evening aspirants welcome to the hindu news analysis by Shankar as academy for the date 3rd of October 2022 displayed here on the list of news articles we will be discussing today now let's start our discussion take a look at this article this article talks about the new initiative taken by the Tamil Nadu state forest department to prevent elephant deaths caused by speeding trains in the Madhukari forest reserve the proposed solution is based on artificial intelligence and setting up of a data bank this is the crux of the news article given here in this context let us cover the different steps taken by the government to avoid human elephant conflict first let us see briefly about the importance of elephants in the forest ecosystem see elephant is a keystone species they play an important role in maintaining the biodiversity of the ecosystem in which they live when elephants eat they create gaps in the vegetation these gaps allow new plans to grow and create pathways for other small animals to use they are also one of the major ways in which trees disperse their seeds see some species rely entirely upon elephants for the seed dispersal function this is about the importance of elephants in the forest ecosystem now let us see the different steps taken by the forest department to contain human elephant conflict first is the erection of fences along the borders of elephant reserves this is done to keep the elephants from coming into contact with the human settlement some of the fences used here include beehive fences and solar electric fences the second is the conservation measure like destroying invasive species in say the elephant reserves replenishing water bodies and planting necessary fodder crops within elephant reserves see why does elephants come into human settlements they come into human settlement because there is lack of food and water inside the elephant reserves so by using this conservation method food and water is provided for the elephant within the elephant reserve itself so by this elephants entering into human settlement can be prevented thirdly infrastructure development like watch towers installation of cameras and tracking devices are provided to forest officials this is provided so that forest officials can have continuous check on the movement of elephants see finally the last major step taken is the building and maintenance of elephant coidos see elephant coidos are linear narrow natural habitat linkage that allow elephants to move between different forest habitats without being disturbed by humans see we know that elephants are migratory animals so they travel large amount of area during their life this elephant coidos acts as a pathway for the safe movement of elephant and it also avoid man-made disturbances see these are some of the steps taken by the forest department to reduce human elephant conflict see through this discussion we came to know about the importance of elephants and also the recent initiatives taken by the government to reduce the instance of elephants moving into human habitats okay that's all regarding this discussion with us let us conclude this discussion and take up the next news article let us take this editorial article for our next discussion this article talks about abandonment and surrender of a child this article is authored by R.K.Widge who is a former special director general of police of Chattisgarh so this article is of utmost importance in the mains perspective in this context in our discussion today we are going to learn a lot of things we are going to learn about the major difference between abandonment and surrender of child the reasons for abandonment of a child steps taken to avoid such abandonment and the procedure for declaring a child legally free for adoption and finally let us see some points about central adoption resource agency this is the plan for today before getting into the discussion the syllabus relevant to this topic is given here for your reference we can pass the video and go through it now let us start our discussion let us start by first seeing the major difference between abandonment of a child and surrender of a child first let us take abandonment see child abandonment occurs when a parent guardian or a person in search of a child deserts a child without any regard for the child physical health safety or welfare and with the intention of wholly abandoning the child in some instances abandonment also means parent guardian or person in charge of the child fails to provide necessary care for the child living under their roof okay see abandonment typically involves physical abandonment such as leaving a child at a stranger's doorstep when no one is home or leaving a child in some public places like garbage piles dustbins in bushes near roadside or in places of religious worship okay this is known as abandonment of child now how is this different from surrendering a child see a surrendered child means a child who is surrendered by the parent or the guardian to the child welfare commission on the account of physical emotional or social factors beyond their control and the child would be declared surrendered child by the child welfare committee and also note that the child must be declared as legally free for adoption by the child welfare committee see the major difference between the abandoned and the surrendered child is that abandoned child means a child who is deserted by the parent or guardian surrendered child means a child who is surrendered by the parent or the guardian to the child welfare committee this is the main difference now let us see the reasons for abandonment of child see the most common cause for child abandonment would be unwanted pregnancies due to significant factors like rape or pregnancy in minors then the other reasons include economic hardships in the family large-sized family without lack of financial support and abandonment also occurs when either or both of the parents or drug addicts or alcoholics death of a parent or death of both the parents unstable relations between the parents see these are the main causes for child abandonment see there are some political factors that force child abandonment also the political factors include war climate change based displacement and other factors so these are all some of the major reasons for abandonment of child now let us see the steps taken by the government to avoid child abandonment in India first is government is encouraging surrendering the child instead of abandoning the child see the surrender of a child to the child welfare committee does not entail any criminal offence on the parents but if a child is abandoned by a parent or guardian then criminal offence can be initiated against them so this encourages the parents to surrender the child instead of abandoning the child okay and for this government is increasing awareness measures also okay the second step taken by the government is government is enabling medical termination of pregnancy see we already saw that one of the reason for abandoning a child is unplanned pregnancy so the government has simplified the medical termination of pregnancy in India see section 3 class 2 subclass B of medical termination of pregnancy act 1971 was amended in 2021 and the word married woman was replaced by any woman and the word husband was replaced by partner see this amendment paved the way for termination of pregnancy when it comes to single and unmarried woman okay so this will help in avoiding abandonment of children see this move of the government was reiterated recently by the Supreme Court in the X versus the principal secretary health and family welfare department and other 2022 case law in this case law the Supreme Court allowed an unmarried woman petitioner to abort her pregnancy of 24 years arising out of failed living see these are the two steps taken by the government to prevent abandonment of children in India okay now let us see the procedure for declaring a child legally free for adoption see this procedure is given in section 38 of the juvenile justice care and protection of children act 2015 now talking about the procedure see in case of orphaned and abandoned child the child welfare committee shall make efforts for tracing the parent or guardians of the child then after completion of such inquiry if it is established that child is either orphaned having no one to take care of or abandoned then the committee shall declare the child legally free for adoption provided that such declaration shall be made within a period of two months in case the child is up to the age of two years and within four months in case the child is about two years of age note that here the time period is counted from the date of production of the child okay in case of surrendered the child the parent or the guardian who surrendered the child shall be given two months of time to reconsider the addition and in such given time the committee after due inquiry shall either allow the child to be with their parents or guardians under supervision or place the child in a specialized adoption agency if he or she is below six years of age or place the child in children's home if he or she is above six years of age now after two months if the parents or guardians are not willing to reconsider the addition then the child welfare committee will declare the child legally free for adoption okay the decision to declare an orphaned abandoned or the surrendered child as legally free for adoption shall be taken by at least three members of the child welfare committee see this is about the procedure for declaring a child as legally free for adoption finally before concluding let us see few facts about the central adoption resource agency that is CARA see the central adoption resource agency is a nodal institute in India for adoption of Indian children it is a statutory body functioning under the ministry of woman and child development it is authorized to regulate and monitor inter-country and in-country adoption okay both these are dealt with by CARA okay the authority chiefly handles the adoption of orphaned surrendered and abandoned children through its recognized and associated adoption agencies note that the central adoption resource agency was founded in 1990 and it was provided with the status of statutory body under the juvenile justice act 2015 so note the difference see this nodal body is designated as the central authority to deal with inter-country adoption as per the provisions of the hog convention on inter-country adoption 1993 see the hog convention on inter-country adoption seeks to protect children and their families against risk of illegal or immature operations abroad note that India became the signatory of the convention in 2003 so that's all regarding the discussion see in this discussion we first saw what is the difference between abandoning the child and surrendering the child then we saw the steps taken by the government to avoid abandoning of children after that we saw the procedure in which the child is declared legally free for adoption and finally we saw a few facts about central adoption resource authority so that's all regarding this discussion with this let us conclude this discussion and take up the next news article take a look at this article this article talks about the entry of TRS party into national politics in this context let us learn how the national and regional parties are recognized in India let us firstly see who recognizes political parties in India the election commission of India registers political parties for the purpose of elections and grants them recognition as national or state parties on the basis of their poll performance see there are specific conditions which needs to be satisfied by a political party to get national or regional party recognition in India first let us see the conditions for a political party to get recognized as a national party if a political party satisfies any of the following conditions it can get national party recognition the first condition is that the party needs to get six percent of polled votes in at least four states in a general election or legislative assembly election and in addition to that it must also win at least four seats in Lokshaba from any state this is the first condition the second condition is that the political party should win two percent of the seats in Lokshaba election and these candidates must be elected from three different states the third condition is that the political party should be recognized as a regional party in four different states see these are all the conditions which are needed to be satisfied by a political party to get national party status now coming to the recognition of regional parties the condition for recognition of regional parties are given here if any of the conditions given here are satisfied by a political party it can be called as a regional party the first condition is that the party should secure six percent of valid votes polled in the state legislative assembly election and in addition it must also win two seats in the assembly of the state consent the second condition is that the party should secure six percent of the valid votes polled in the general election to Lokshaba from the state consent and in addition to this it must win at least one seat in the Lokshaba from the state consent the third condition is that the party should win three percent of the seats in the legislative assembly at the general election or three seats in the assembly now coming to the fourth condition the party should win one seat in the Lokshaba for every 25 seats allotted that is if there is only 25 seats allotted to the state in Lokshaba to get regional party recognition the party should win at least one seat but in case the seats allocated in Lokshaba for the state is hundred then to get regional party status the political party must secure at least four seats in Lokshaba the final condition is that the political party should secure eight percent of the total valid votes polled in the state at the general election to the Lokshaba from the state or to the legislative assembly of the state this particular condition was added in the year 2011 see these are all the conditions for the political party to get recognized as a regional party keep in mind that if any of these conditions are satisfied by a party then it can get recognized as regional party so that's all regarding this discussion see in this discussion we saw different conditions for the recognition of national or regional parties with this let us conclude this discussion and take up the next news article have a look at this news article this news article talks about switch Bharat Mishan Gramin and the switch serve action Gramin award this is the news because yesterday the president of India presented the switch serve action Gramin award 2022 to the winners in the large states category Telangana was ranked first Haryana was placed second followed by Tamil Nadu at third among the smaller states and union territories Andaman Nikobar secured the first position followed by Dadra Nagar Haveli Damanandu at the second and Sikkimad third this is the crux of the news article given here in this context let us learn about switch Bharat Mishan and the switch serve action Gramin award see the switch Bharat Mishan was launched on 2nd October 2014 for a five year period the objective of this mission was to achieve universal sanitation coverage and also to achieve the target that India would be 100% open defecation free in five years so we can simply say that switch Bharat Mishan was aimed to achieve switch Bharat or clean India by 2019 the mission had two components which are switch Bharat urban and the switch Bharat Gramin the aim of the switch Bharat urban was to make urban India open defecation free it aimed to achieve 100% open defecation free status and 100% solid waste management in all urban local bodies it was implemented by the union ministry of housing and urban affairs the second component is switch Bharat Gramin as the name indicates this would focus on rural India the mission aimed at improving the levels of cleanliness through solid and liquid waste management activities and making villages open defecation free okay it was implemented by department of drinking water and sanitation under the ministry of Jalshakti here you have to note that under the mission all villages Kram Panchayats districts states and unitarities in India declared themselves as open defecation free on 2nd October 2019 it was on the occasion of 158th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi and within five years 100 million toilets were constructed in rural India after that union government in 2020 announced the switch Bharat mission Gramin phase two and it would be implemented from 2020-21 to 2024-25 the second phase also focuses on the same objective of phase one and it ensures that no one is left behind and assures that everyone uses the toilet this is about the switch Bharat mission now moving on to the switch serve action Gramin it is a survey of cleanliness hygiene and sanitation to boost governments push for open defecation free status for villages see this survey will also assess the rural areas for their active implementation of switch Bharat mission initiative in a timely and innovative manner here the survey is carried out by an expert agency why is this survey important it is important because just by constructing toilets and educating people it is not necessary that everyone will start using toilets only by making a survey and analyzing the actual implementation of the project we can assess the real world situation so switch serve action Gramin is of utmost importance see here the ranking is given based on the following key indicators and weightages see 30% weightage is given to direct observation of sanitation at public places 35% weightage is given for citizens feedback including feedback from common citizens key influencers at the village level and the citizens online using mobile app and 35% weightage is given for service level progress on sanitation related parameters so that's all regarding switch serve action Gramin okay see in this discussion we saw about switch Bharat mission under switch serve action Gramin with this let us conclude this discussion and take up the next news article take a look at this text and context article this article reports about the recent multiple leakages in Nord Stream Pipeline while the European Union called it as an act of sabotage Russia called it as an act of terrorism in this context let us learn about the Nord Stream Pipeline and the economic significance of it first let us see about Nord Stream Pipeline and where it is located see Nord Stream Pipelines are a natural gas carrying large volume underwater pipeline located at the Baltic Sea area of Europe the pipeline transfers gas from Russia to Germany most of the gas goes directly to Germany while the rest travels west and southwards through onshore links to other countries and and into storage areas here note that there are two different pipelines called as the Nord Stream 1 and the Nord Stream 2 Nord Stream 1 has been operational from 2011 while Nord Stream 2 till now has not been opened for commercial operations have a look at this image it clearly shows the two different streams of pipeline the pipeline traverses across five different sections of the Baltic Sea namely Russian, Finnish, Swedish, Danish and German sections as per this article the leakages were reported in both Finnish and Swedish sections now coming to the economic importance of the pipelines see Europe requires more than 100 billion cubic meters of natural gas each year and of that 40% of the gas came from Russia this was before the invasion of Ukraine by Russia see this gas is used for heating homes factories and offices in the harsh long european windows and this gas is also used for power generation as well see majority of the supply of natural gas from Russia to the western Europe came through the Nord Stream 1 pipeline because it was cheaper to transport gas through pipeline rather than onshore transit routes see this shows the economic significance of the Nord Stream pipeline note that the western european countries drastically reduced the russian gas imports after the invasion of Ukraine by Russia they started buying liquified natural gas from America to account for the shortfall so this is regarding the economic importance of the pipeline so with this we have come to the end of the discussion through this discussion we came to know about the Nord Stream pipeline its location and the economic significance of it now with this let us conclude the news article discussion session and take up the practice problems questions we have four practice problems questions today let us see them on by one let us take up the first question it is a two statement question two statements regarding Asian elephants are given we have to find the correct statements let us take up the first statement it is the national heritage animal of India see this statement is correct elephant indeed is the national heritage animal of India moving on to the second statement largest population of Asian elephant lives in India this statement is also correct the largest Asian elephant population lives in India since both the statements are correct the correct answer here is option C both 1 and 2 see look at this map this map shows the distribution of Asian elephant population in the world now moving on to the second question two statements are given we have to find the incorrect statement let us take up the first statement registered and recognized political party status are provided by the election commission of India see this statement is actually correct because the ECA that is the election commission of India confers the status of registered and recognized parties to the political parties in India moving on to the second statement a political party can be recognized as a national party if it is recognized as a regional party in three or more states see this statement is actually incorrect because in our discussion we saw that a political party can be recognized as a national party if it is recognized as a regional party in four or more states so statement 2 is incorrect but here in the question they have asked for the incorrect statements so the correct answer here is option B 2 only moving on to the third question this is a map based question six countries are given we have to find which of the countries have borders with Baltic Sea look at this map the countries bordering Baltic Sea include Sweden Finland Russia Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Germany and Denmark so in the given countries Norway and Belarus does not have border with Baltic Sea so the correct answer here is option D 2 3 5 and 6 moving on to the last question see this is a quiz question for you interested aspirants can write the answer for this question in the comment section the main question based on today's discussion is displayed here write your answers and post it in the comment section if you like today's video like comment and share it with your friends for more updates regarding UPSC preparation subscribe to Shankara IS Academy YouTube channel thank you


We will also analyze data recovery from an APFS drive in terms of peculiarities and possible issues. The APFS file system is designed to store data in its directory, which contains all other directories and files. For our benchmarking assessment, we have selected several popular data recovery tools. We had to exclude this drill and recover from the list, as they don't support APFS file system at Manpartition Recovery, who was able to find all deleted files without effort. In a preview feature, let's you see their contents. RStudio also managed to find all deleted data. ESUS fails to display the disk structure, unlike the two other candidates. And files are only sorted to folders by file time. The program has handled the task well, though it fails to restore the directory tree.


Jimmerer says, impulsive. Chris Ballard is not rash and does not want to get rid of Carson Wentz. Frank Reich knows him well. He had him for years, brings him in and now suddenly all the stories leak. Wentz is impossible. Wentz has an ego. Wentz is difficult. This is Jimmerer say, making Carson Wentz look bad. Lots of leaks from the organization. All the news is bad. Wentz is trouble. Wentz doesn't work. Interesting. 4-1 touchdown interception ratio and a 93 passer rating is better than the current college market or the current NFL market because he played Garoppolo last year and was clearly the better quarterback when they faced off. He was a better player. So I think Wentz is getting so much negative publicity. It won't do anything perhaps to the market. So, can I argue? Okay. In the Russell Wilson and Denver case, you're right because we all know it's good.  Watch after camp and the Washington articles come out. Dude, 6-5, 245, Ron Revere is like, you win a lot of games with that guy. Then the money changes that Wentz is better than the market believes today. Russell Wilson is probably being overpurchased. Does that make any sense? No, it's a terrible take. Terrible, terrible take. You know why? Well, here's why. It's not because of the value in the Washington commanders. It's because I would buy it that stories were being leaked if it was the first time it happened and it was a bad breakup after five years. But we got the same stories on Carson Wentz in Philadelphia. He wasn't a leader, didn't connect with players, was pouty when Nick Foles was making the Super Bowl run and he was injured. This is now the second time where he has left a team and there have been consistent stories about his lack of leadership and his lack of ability to connect with his teammates. I think Ron Rivera is a great coach, but everyone, and I was not a buyer on this, everyone went into last year thinking he's back with the coach that he was so good in 2017. That doesn't mean you can overcome making really bad decisions in pressure situations and you can point to the stats that he had. Sometimes the stats are superficial. He's one of the greatest throwers of all time. It doesn't mean he actually won anything. Carson Wentz has unbelievable stats from last year, but he's not a guy you want the ball in his hands at the end of the game when there's pressure situations and they're always going to find themselves in pressure situations and that is not a team that is just worth putting your money on at 60 to 1. And by the way the odds for them basically stated 60 to 1 one book put them at 75 to 1. They dropped when Carson Wentz was signed. So bad idea, bad take.


For the safety of your smile use pepsidon twice a day see your dentist twice a year Lever Brothers Company presents the pepsidon show my friend Irma created by Cy Howard and starring Marie Wilson as Irma With Joan Banks as Jane Friendship, friendship Just the perfect friendship when other friendships have been forgot There's will still be hot Before we're all be saying goodbye to 1948 Broadway will be lit up like the 4th of July and a million people will be jam-packed around Times Square Armed with noisemakers and horns waiting for midnight so they can blow their brains out Which reminds me of my roommate Irma Peterson. There is a girl who must have overdone it When I don't get me wrong Irma is wonderful.  She left for me. Dear Jane I have gone to the beauty parlor. Please come at once because I need your advice desperately If you take a cab tell a driver to drive carefully.  I must say oh, thank you Yes, and please wrap it up as a gift. It's for my uncle. He doesn't have any Manicure, please Peterson you look so depressed. I'm very unhappy. I have to make a decision and I don't like to hurt anybody Excuse me. I want to get another nail file. Oh, Jane. Oh, sweetie How do you like my head? It's adorable honey, but your note. What's wrong?  I'll keep my hat on now. Tell me sweetie. What's wrong? Why do you look so so miserable? Well, as you know, you know Alan I've been keeping steady company for five years. What about it Jane?  No, I'm not I love Al But in all those years he has never worked and he's never looked for a job and he's turned down every job that was ever offered to him That's right. No, I don't like to make snap judgment, but I've been thinking it over and I've come to a conclusion About Al.  Well now what? Well, I'm breaking off with him Well, Jane you might at least say I'm doing the right thing.  I'm in the middle with both of you drowning me with tears I have to tread water to keep them going down, but Jane this time. I mean it Well, all right Irma, then I'm all for it. Well now come on sweetie.  Oh, I don't think that's exciting sure it is honey All the stores are having after Christmas sales. Oh, look at that sign men's suits cut in half That's only good if you have two short fellows Can we go somewhere and talk I feel funny my stomach feels empty and I think it's gone to my head Well, here's the gypsy G room Come on, let's drop in and say hello to Professor Kropotkin My two little sweet Hello, professor my day. It's quiet in here. Yeah, we ran out of soup early today Sit down girls sit down our fiction ice-cop a tea. Oh, that sounds good. Tell me girls What will you have lemon or cream with your tea neither? We both take it straight But you got to put something in it. I know I'll put in a dash vodka.  I'll be back in a minute. Yeah, I feel better already.  Oh, I won't be alone I have a new boyfriend a new one. Yes Melvin Baxter, I'm seeing him tonight. He's fine and upright and ambitious and honest always 178 pounds saves his money is healthy and strong comes from a fine family likes dogs You know all that when did you meet him yesterday? Oh Jane he's so nice. Well, what does he do for a living? Well, he's um He's a mechanical man ball bearing or dinoflow I don't know. I guess I'm kind of working in an airplane factory Jane tell me you wish me happiness. I'm so confused honey Not because New Year's is coming, but all year at any time of the year I wish you all a happiness anyone could wish anybody. Oh, Jane. You're the best best friend a girl ever had You couldn't be a better friend if I was a man.  Who is that so? I'm a darling.   Oh, yes Professor, why do you play with your eyes closed? I have to It isn't easy to play beautiful music and at the same time Look at the place like this They played that song the night Al and I had our first date You know, I can't help thinking of Al He may have had his faults, but he was always willing to share him with other people What he was so big hearted I remember the time he took me to the zoo He bought two bags of peanuts one for me one for the elephants He was always kind to dun amoles Time he took me out for a chinese dinner sneaking leeching nuts off a fruit stand is not my idea of a chinese dinner Resturant everything was served in real chinese style. You know, we both ate from the same bowl So cute that's romantic, but I didn't get to eat much. Why not?  It was wonderful professor, and I'm sure it took Irma's mind off of Al Well, come on Irma. We better start home so you can get ready for your date tonight At the apartment and Irma is really excited about her date with her new boyfriend melvin baxter I have never seen anyone so anxious to make an impression She has a plan She has the book of knowledge in one hand the dictionary in the other hand An ice pack on her head and she's sitting on the hot water bottle Oh, I get it This must be Irma's way of showing melvin that she is understanding has a warm heart and keeps a cool head Gesundheit Oh, now she's on another kick this one. I can't figure out She's sprawled on the sofa with one arm flung to the side her head loosely hanging over the edge One foot is propped up on the table. Oh, this beats everything. Irma. I give up What is this gruesome charade supposed to be? I'm practicing so when melvin comes in I can show him that I'm unattached But pick up the pieces there must be another way Oh jean, I don't know what to do. That doesn't even know I'm going to break off with him I'm so confused A girl can't have two boyfriends because it doesn't look right for a single girl to go out on a double date Irma when you see Al just be honest Who is it? It's me chicken. You're loving Al Uh, just a minute I don't know how to tell him tell him the truth You're tired of wasting your time on a man who refuses to work and from now on you're playing the field All right, I'll let him in Hi you chicken Al I refuse to work him from now on. I'm playing in the field with a man That's what you told me. Wait a minute. What's going on here? Uh, goodbye kids jay Chicken what's this all about Al chicken? What do you mean explain? Remember that Tarzan of the apes picture? We saw where the lady ape left her ape husband was carried off by a gorilla and lived happily ever afterwards Well, what about it Al? I don't want you to be hurt, but I have found another gorilla Do this to me. My love is too strong. Oh, well, what do you know about love chicken? Do you know how deeply I feel toward you? How like a salmon Is that good? Chicken, do you know why the salmon fights to get upstream of a treacherous falls rocks and and raging whirlpools? Of course Ali's anxious to get to the cannery It's love blind relentless love the same feeling I have for you It's too late now We've wasted a lot of time and we're no closer than when we first met I have to think of my future.  I I guess there's nothing I can do to change it But if you pick up the morning papers and see my name heading the obituary column You may be sorry. No, I won't Al. I wish you all the fame and fortune you can get Run the tip of your tongue over your teeth If you feel a slippery coating you have film on your teeth And you need pepsidon with erium to remove it for film is worse than you think Film collect stains that make your teeth look dull. Pepsidon toothpaste removes film Makes your teeth look bright film harbors germs that cause unpleasing breath Pepsidon removes film makes your breath fresh and clean film glues acid to your teeth The very acid many dentists agree is the cause of tooth decay Pepsidon toothpaste removes film and the acids it contains film never lets up it forms continually on your teeth Yes, you have to fight film every day So brush your teeth twice a day with pepsidon toothpaste Because no other toothpaste can duplicate pepsidon's film removing formula No other toothpaste contains erium or pepsidon's gentle polishing agent the toothpaste with an exclusive formula for removing film The apartment Erma's eyes were a little red But she seems to be bearing up quite well In fact, she's so excited about preparing for melvin's arrival. She hasn't time to think about al The dinner table is set for three and the roast looks scrumptious Jane yes, sweetie Well, you please move that footstool over in front of the door while I put this pillow in front of the sofa If I haven't sex Erma, what for well when melvin comes in and trips over the footstool He'll land on the pillow in front of the sofa where i'll be sitting and before he can get up from his knees I'll say I do Besides he's liable to break his leg and sewers for everything we've got Don't try any tricks, honey. Just be be sweet and alluring alluring Uh, I know i'll just spray this stuff over the sofa. Erma peterson.  That's my new bottle of 20 carat perfume I know but carrots are good for the eyes and when we're sitting here in the dark melvin I'll still be able to see each other For all you're an attractive girl It isn't necessary for you to throw yourself at the man Well, you know best jane. What should I do? Well for one thing you're you're too forward You should be well Retiring but jane. I can't quit my job until after we're married Let me put it another way honey. You just can't go around wearing your heart on your sleeve Oh, I see what you mean jane and I'll try but gosh, what if I forget only in that case We'll have a little signal of I'll just say uh the your sleeve and that will mean you're wearing your heart on it Okay, yes, I'll remember fine. Let's see now candles are lit on the table Fresh flowers in the vase Uh-oh, what's wrong jane al's picture. You'd better get that out of here before melvin arrives That's right. I know I'll put al's picture in the refrigerator the refrigerator Yes, my girlfriend amber says a girl should never discard any of her boyfriends completely She said you should always have one on the ice Melvin, now remember sweetie, don't wear your heart on your sleeve. Oh, I won't uh, oh miss I'd like to have you meet my roommate jane stacey. It's a pleasure.  I didn't mean us. I met melvin and I I Deviation line it must be fascinating words. Yes, I find it so there are many things necessary to ensure the proper takeoff of the plane For instance, they must head into the wind That's where I stand. Gee that's dangerous Do you ever get hit? Dear me. No, I'm in charge of the wind tunnel Every plane must be tested before we send it into the air. It's quite a responsibility Yes, I imagine Let me show you this watch It was presented to me by the president of our company Go ahead Read the inscription on the back of it. Well, let's see. Hmm in appreciation for 10 years of faithful Unswerving steady wind Melvin you must be tired No, I have two tremendous fans Oh jane, isn't he wonderfully dances too? Don't you think it's time we serve dinner? Oh, yes, I I hope you like my cooking melvin because that's the way to a man's stomach Irma, uh, your sleeve. Oh, no, not through the sleeve. That's the long way Am I uh missing something? No, no, no, no, just sit down and eat. Oh, I'm sorry I can't stay for dinner. I meant to tell you sooner, but when I get started talking about my work I forget everything else I hope you'll forgive me. Oh Melvin with it depending on me to be there I have to test the straining point of a new cross rib construction on the wing tips Well, we're having spare ribs and asparagus tips. Would that help? No, but the test will only take about an hour if it's all right with you. I'd love to come back Goodbye Jane yes, sweetie. What do you think of him the, uh, wind king Yeah, well, I uh, I don't know. Come in. Hello, Mrs. O'Reilly. Oh, thank you, Irma darling I just had to take a peek at your new boyfriend. It's me woman's curiosity Excuse me, Mrs. O'Reilly.  Where did you come from? Well, you were watching from behind the staircase I was speaking from the broom closet The broom closet? Yes, and if the rent isn't any higher, I'd like to exchange it for the room I live in The broom closet's so much roomier Oh professor, you're always complaining. Oh, Mrs. O'Reilly, professor, you haven't told me how you like my new boyfriend Oh my darling, he looks like a very nice fellow, but it's hard to tell a book by its cover Take the cashier we used to have at the Gypsy Tea Room Outwardly, he had all the appearances of a perfect gentleman. He was polite, kind, courteous But we were all very much disappointed in him. Why? When he robbed the safe, he didn't even leave us a thank you note Don't mind the professor, Irma. I saw your boyfriend and he looks like a fine lad Reminds me of a boy I went to school with Bill, he was very fun to me. We were always seen together or we were inseparable He became quite a fellow that Buffalo Bill No, no, no, no, no, no, hold it, Mrs. O'Reilly, hold it, don't get mad at me.  Well, come on, let's eat before everything spoils Guess you're right. As they say to the victor belongs to spoils Lady, that was a wonderful dinner you cooked. Wasn't it night just the two of us being here alone? Now you didn't miss Al, did you? No Irma, you're sniffling. That's because I'm expecting to peel onions later in the evening Yes? A telegram for Miss Peterson 240 collect. Oh, here you are. Uh, keep the change. Thanks It's a telegram, Jane. A telegram? It's for me. Collect. Oh, collect. Well, what does Al have to say? Well, I'll read it to see, uh Dear Irma, as I stand here in the unemployment line with no one to urge me on I get the feeling all my success is in vain So since you have cast me aside, it leaves me with one Alteration alternative Alternative And therefore I'm going to jump off the hoboken pier The night watchman is a very dear friend of mine and he will give me permission I will wait until 1130 before taking the fatal leap Signed Harry. That's hurry Jane Forget it, honey. The only time Al ever jumped was when someone offered him a job Hold it, sweetie Hello. Hello, Jane. This is Al. We'd like to talk with chicken. It's for you, honey Johnny Weismuller What is it Al? I hear you talk honey. You can afford to be independent now Melvin will be back soon and and you'll have a lovely time with him Hello miss Stacy Hello, miss Irma. Oh, hello Melvin. Uh, did you finish the test? Oh, yes, everything was quite satisfactory Well, we could still make a late movie if you'd like good idea I know one. I think you'd like I saw it in the movie section. It's just been released again Gone with the wind Wonderful gun. Oh, what's wrong? I forgot to shut the wind off in tunnel three Oh, you must excuse me, but we'll date some other day. My job comes first Break honey, but I'm sure it'll work out Irma, who are you writing to the Lonely Hearts Club? How does this sound questionable young man? Don't think that you were safe from film Nearly everyone has it Just run the tip of your tongue over your teeth If you'll feel a slippery coating that's film and you'd better get pepsident toothpaste to remove it For film collect stains that make teeth look dull It harbors germs that cause unpleasing breath Film glues acid to your teeth The very acid that many dentists agree is the cause of tooth decay And remember film never stops forming. No, it never lets up So brush your teeth twice a day with film removing pepsident No other toothpaste contains irium or pepsidence gentle polishing agent No other toothpaste can duplicate pepsidence film removing formula Get pepsident toothpaste with irium today Irma has quite a problem. She's given one man the air and all she gets from the other man is wind However, she seems to be taking it all in stride Right now she's arranging the photographs of each of the men in her life Melvin's picture is on the mantle piece And Al's picture she's put on top of an old broken radio. We have in the closet Irma. Uh, yes, Jane What's the idea of putting Al's picture on that radio? Well, because he seemed to match neither one of them worked It brings me every time I think there might be a little sense in the mind of my friend Irma Irma is produced and directed by Sy Howard and stars Marie Wilson as Irma with Joan Banks as Jane Mark Levy writes the script with Stanley Adams and Roland McClain And it's brought to you by pepsident toothpaste with irium another fine product of lever brother's company The part of Al was played by John Brown Hans Kahn beat his professor for potkin and Gloria Gordon was heard as mrs. O'Reilly Music was under the direction of lead buskin It's Wendell Niles speaking The risk brisk flavor, that's what you get in Lipton tea Yes brisk flavor that picks you up brings you back alive in a hurry Brisk flavor that comes from Lipton's very special blending of the finest orange pico and pico teas Try it you will find that this brisk flavor of Lipton's leaves you refreshed and ready to go again And you can enjoy it often because even wonderful tea like Lipton's costs less than any drink except water Always ask for Lipton tea the brisk tea with that heartwarming Lipton lift Tune in one hour earlier next week and listen to the Lux Radio Theater followed by the pepsident show My friend Irma. This is CBS the Columbia Broadcasting System