I'm Dr. Lisa Aronson-Fantes. I'm going to speak about steps to take if you are in a controlling relationship and have decided you'd like to get out. Maybe you're in a relationship where you're being isolated, insulted, micromanaged, manipulated.  I know you can feel really trapped in a relationship like this. Here are some tips. Connect with other people. In person, on the phone, online. Don't allow yourself to become or stay isolated. Being with others helps rebuild your confidence and people can offer you practical assistance too. Develop some regular habits that take you out of the house, such as going for a walk each day or going to the store to buy a pack of gum or take out the trash. Being in the world is good for you. Even if your partner is not physically violent, a domestic violence advocate can help you. Together, you'll develop a personalized safety plan that fits your life and what you want. You'll update the plan as your situation changes. An advocate can help you access money, police protection, transportation, and housing if you need it. An advocate will listen to you and support you, not push you. Have the advocate help you get police protection if you need it. If your partner has access to guns, this is especially important. A counselor or therapist who understands course of control can also help you feel strong enough to move on. However, a therapist who does not understand course of control may give you bad advice. Couple therapy is not right if there is abuse or control between partners. It may even be dangerous. You'll want to protect your money and your children if you have children. You may need legal advice. A domestic violence agency can help you find a lawyer who understands course of control. Interested in learning more? Please check out my book, Invisible Chains, Overcoming Course of Control in Your Intimate Relationship, and look for my other videos on course of control. Thank you.


Yesterday morning session, the second part of the morning session, we began our discussion of the second law of thermodynamics and this session we will be continuing with that. What we did yesterday, if you look up our scheme of discussion from main topic 9, the second law, we have discussed I think the first 8 points. We have decided to define a higher temperature and a lower temperature and that we did by deriving from the Kelvin Planck statement that a 2T heat engine will work only in one direction given two reservoirs at two distinct temperatures and heat will flow on its own between two reservoirs at two distinct temperatures only in one direction and we look at that direction and the source we say as higher temperature, the think we say is the lower temperature. So that way our definition of higher and lower temperatures is established. One should note that the higher and lower temperatures decided here are thermodynamically higher and lower temperatures, they need not be higher and lower numerically on any given scale. However, to be consistent with the thermodynamic higher and lower scale, all our temperature scale to begin with historically and now formally of course, now we do not have a multiplicity of temperature scale, we only have one temperature scale and that is the Kelvin scale. We know that our Kelvin scale is based on some material, an idealized material called an ideal gas but now it is time to put that scale on a proper footing which we will do in item 11 of chapter 9. Yesterday's discussions pertain only to the direct derivations from Kelvin Planck statement and they only considered what is possible and what is not possible. We know that using that we can show that many simple processes as working of a 2T heat engine between two thermal reservoirs, working of or direct transfer of heat between two systems at two distinct temperatures, just possibility or impossibility. Now we come to a stage where we start quantifying this possibility and impossibility will soon be converted to greater than or equal to or less than or equal to. And for that we have to come to a most important theorem in the development of second law which perhaps is typically most important because that was proposed by Carnot and is today considered perhaps the first set of thoughts pertaining relating or leading finally to the second law of thermodynamics. Now we come to an important adjective, we started with adjectives like quasi-static then we said an adjective like adiabatic, the next adjective was diathermal then isothermal. Now the next adjective we are going to look at is reversible, reversible is an adjective which like quasi-static is applicable to processes. So we will define a reversible process and naturally since a cycle is also a process later on we will apply it to a reversible cycle and since many pieces of equipment particularly an engine is implement, engine implements a cycle so we will apply it to an engine. But the first thing to realize is what is a reversible process. Let me tell you that similar to a quasi-static process, a reversible process is defined a process which we can think about. You can say that it is a remember Einstein proposed experiments which can be about which we can think so called thought experiment, experiments can be thought about may be very difficult to implement or perhaps even impossible to implement them in practice. So similarly a quasi-static process is a process about which we can think about. So quasi-static process perhaps is a thought process in a similar manner a reversible process is a process which we can think about so it also is a thought process. A reversible process is a very special kind of process. Let us say that we have two systems system A and system B and let there be some interaction between them of any kind and because of these interactions state A execute a process from A1 to A2 with some detail may be a path B executes a process B1 to B2 with its appropriate path. Now if it is possible for this to occur change of state of A1 to A2 through an appropriate path perhaps interaction I with respect to B which simultaneously goes from B1 to B2. If this process is possible and if the inverted process that is a process in which A2 goes back to its state original state A1, B2 goes back to its original state B1 and all interactions are reversed. I may not show it with a reverse arrow but I will say reversed or inverted or you can even put minus i. This is also possible such that let us say this is process P and this is process Q just labels. When P is executed it has some detail when Q is executed all those details are inverted reversed take place in the other direction. In such a manner when P followed by Q is executed no trace remains that we first executed the process P followed by the process Q. List out all your favorite detectives Sherlock Holmes, Karamchand, some Jassous, all the heroes in CID, Hercule, Poirot bring all of them together. If a reversible process is executed in one direction and is reversed everything comes back to its original state all interactions get reversed. If any third system comes into the picture during the process and changes its state even that state is reversed absolutely no evidence is left no trace remains that the process was ever executed and then reversed. So that means if I have some system and it changes its state and comes back to its original state by executing a pair of reversible processes then there is no way I can determine whether the systems involved have ever left their original state or not. It is a very strict requirement and we know that all processes in real life take place in such a way that some trace or the other is left some evidence is left circumstantial otherwise whatever type. But if a reversible process is executed and is reversed so that the systems involved are brought back to their initial state then the interactions are also reversed to such detail that absolutely no trace ever remains that the processes were executed. So that is a definition of a reversible process and now remember we have a general process then we have a quasi-static process and now we have defined a reversible process. Anything happens in real life is a process quasi-static process is a model helps us with our analysis and we know that it takes great effort to process to make a process quasi-static but many real life processes can be approximated to be quasi-static. A reversible process is also a model but to execute a process in a reversible fashion perhaps is just impossible in real life because in real life absolutely nothing is reversible. So this is something which we will think about and we will use in our analysis but there is a big question mark about whether a process will ever be executed as a reversible process. The advantage of defining a reversible process is something which we will soon see. In fact we do not really have to worry about the reversibility of a process. The idea of a reversible process is used just to derive certain relations which finally lead us to the definition of entropy and many useful tools. So consider the reversible process as a limiting case of a real process and it is the limit or these limiting cases that we are going to study. Later on we will again have to think about when we derive property relation but how to execute at least in theory or in our mind a reversible process because that would lead us to certain relations between property, the basic relation in property. Till we do that it is enough for us to understand that a reversible process is such that you trigger it, it executes one way, trigger it, it gets executed in the reversed way by inverting, reversing or executing in the other direction all interactions that have taken place in the forward direction. So that if we execute it in the forward direction once and if you execute it in the reverse direction once, the sum effect is absolutely nothing, no trace of the forward execution followed by reverse execution ever remain. Now consider a 2T engine which is reversible and let us say that if we trigger it, tap it, it will execute one cycle. Now suppose I have two taps, one way if I tap it, it executes the cycle in the forward direction producing a positive amount of work. If it is a reversible engine I must be able to tap it maybe with my left hand so that it executes the cycle in the other direction absorbing the same amount of work exactly in the same fashion. It rejected Q2 to the low temperature reservoir, it would absorb exactly the amount Q2 from the low temperature reservoir and reject it Q1 as reject heat Q1 to the high temperature reservoir. So that if this happens one forward cycle and one reverse cycle when we are away from the engine and then if we look at the engine there is no way for us to say whether the engine was absolutely doing nothing or it executed one forward cycle and one reverse cycle because no trace at all is left. From reservoir T1, heat Q1 was absorbed in one part in one forward cycle, Q1 was rejected to it in the reverse cycle. Same thing Q2 was made available to the reservoir at T2, Q2 was absorbed from the reservoir at T2 and no trace is left in the reservoir T1 and T2. Similarly, the work produced would have been absorbed in some third system maybe in the rays of a weight or whatever so that also is absorbed back and the third system is also brought back to its original state without any trace being left. So if you understand this that is all that is needed for us to use the defined tool known as a reversible process. Now if you have understood what is meant by a reversible process the next step is to say that a reversible cycle is a cycle that consists of all reversible processes and if this cycle is implemented in an engine that becomes a reversible engine. Now we come to the most important derivation or one of the most important derivation known as the Carnot theorem. Now from this point onwards I am going to follow the procedure but some details I will leave for you to fill in because these details are well described and well derived in almost all books on thermodynamics. The Carnot theorem states that the situation which considered in Carnot theorem is the following. We have two reservoirs at temperatures T1 and T2 and it is given to us that T1 is thermodynamically higher than T2. Under yesterday's definition we can now confidently say that two temperatures will be such that one is higher than the other. That means if I try to run a 2T engine between T1 and T2 it will work in this fashion. It will absorb Q1 from the reservoir at T1 reject Q2 at the reservoir at T2 and produce a positive quantity of work W. The quantity shown in these derivations are positive in the direction which is shown. So Q1 is heat transferred from reservoir at T1 to the engine, Q2 is the heat transferred from the engine to the reservoir at T2 and W is the positive amount of work delivered by the engine to some other system which absorbs it. Carnot compared the efficiency of such an engine with that of a reversible 2T heat engine working between the same two reservoirs but in a reversible fashion. That means let us say that this is Q1 for the reversible engine, this is Q2 for the reversible engine and this is W for the reversible engine. The engine E is not claimed to be reversible, it could be any engine but this engine is reversible engine. So if this engine can work only in one direction, this engine can be made to work in that direction producing positive amount of work equal to WR but that engine can also be made to work in the reversed direction if there is any meaning in the direction. Then the same amount of WR will be absorbed by the engine, Q2R will be absorbed from the reservoir at T2, Q1R will be delivered at the reservoir at T1 and if we execute the reversible engine's processes once in the forward direction and once in the reverse direction absolutely no trace would be left that it ever occurred that is the meaning of the reversible engine. Now the Carnot's theorem states that under these conditions the efficiency of this engine let us say eta and the efficiency of this engine say eta R, eta must be less than or equal to eta R that is the Carnot's theorem. And how do you prove the Carnot's theorem, I will just give you the idea of the proof because the proof is well known. We say it is standard technique reductio ad absurdum, if this is what we have to prove then all that we say let the opposite of this be true that means we say let us assume that eta is greater than eta R, so again let me sketch it here. Now let us do something, we will use our premise that thermodynamics is scale independent, so we can always adjust the working of these engines in such a way that let us say some two parameters are equal. Now in the previous slide I said let the heat flows be Q1, Q2 for the engine and Q1R for the reversible engine and let us assume that W is the work output of the engine and WR is the work output of the reversible engine. What we can do is let us assume that we adjust our Q2 and Q2R to be the same, this is one way of doing it you can assume Q1 and Q1R to be the same. You can assume for example Q2 and Q2R to be the same, so Q2R and Q2R the same, let this be Q1R and let this be W. Now what you should do and this is the proof in text book, so I will not spend time on it, you reverse the reversible engine take this in the other direction, so this engine will absorb Q2R, this is WR I forgot to write here, it will absorb work WR and it will reject Q1R to the high temperature reservoir. Then combine the engine and the reversible engine and maybe extend that idea to this include the reservoir at T2. Now see what is happening, we have a cyclic device, we have an engine and a reversed engine together, we have a reservoir but the reservoir absorbs heat Q2 and the reservoir also rejects heat Q2 because we have said that let Q2 be equal to Q2R. Now what do you notice that what you have is a modified engine which is E plus R reversed plus the reservoir at T2. What is the net interaction? The net interaction is work produced would be W minus WR and what is the heat absorbed from the reservoir at T1, Q1 by the engine and supplied back Q1R by the reversed engine, reversed reversible engine as I have shown R in this. Now I am not going through the algebra because all of you know how to do that, now show that it can be shown that given this it turns out that W minus WR is greater than 0 from this implication turns out. Just use this and you will be able to show that W minus WR equals 0. What does this means? This means that there is a violation of the Kelvin Planck statement and violation of Kelvin Planck statement means a violation of the second law of thermodynamics and why does it get violated? We must have assumed something wrong and the only assumption which we have made is this assumption and that means this assumption is wrong. Hence, we prove that the original thing must be true. This is the proof of the Carnot theorem. Various textbooks have derived it in a different way. Some will assume Q2 equal to Q2R adjusted that way. You can also derive it by assuming Q1 equals Q1R. Then you will get a 1T heat engine with T2 as the reservoir. T1 will get consumed in this 1T purported 1T heat engine. Whichever way you choose you will finally come to a conclusion that assuming eta to be greater than eta R leads to a violation of the second law as stated by the Kelvin Planck statement. So, we come to the first conclusion which we have proved. Eta less than or equal to eta R for fixed T1 T2 and remember that for this we have considered only so called 2T heat engines. Now that is a very special case of engines and cycles also which are special as implemented in 2T heat engines. Now let us proceed by look at some corollaries of Carnot theorem. There is one major corollary of Carnot theorem although we can have a number of corollaries. And the most important corollary of the Carnot theorem is this. Let us again have our two reservoirs T1 greater than T2. And now let us have to begin with two reversible engines working between them. All that we say is that they are reversible and let the efficiency of one engine be eta R1, the efficiency of the other engine be eta R2. Then the principal corollary of Carnot theorem, the most important one says that eta R1 must equal eta R2. And proving this is straight forward all that we have to do is use the Carnot theorem twice. For example, if you consider the engine R1 to be reversible and neglect the fact that engine R2 is also reversible consider R2 to be any engine. Then we will get the requirement that from Carnot theorem that eta R2 must be less than or equal to eta R1 because we are considering R1 to be reversible and neglecting the reversibility possibilities of R2. Now consider R2 to be a reversible engine which is as given and neglect the fact that R1 is also reversible. Then the engine you will get efficiency of R1 to be less than or equal to efficiency of R2. So in the first case we had efficiency of R2 less than or equal to that of R1. Looking at it the other way efficiency of R1 is less than or equal to that of R2. And hence the efficiencies of both these conditions will be satisfied only when efficiency of R1 is less than efficiency of R2 will be equal to efficiency of R2. And why is this corollary important because that leads to the statement that the efficiency of any reversible engine working between fixed T1 T2 is the same and underlining reversible engine and fixed T1 T2. Now is the same means what it is or it does not depend on the working details working and other details of the engine. That means materials, fluids, processes, processes, processes, processes, details, etc. Except that the requirement is the any engine must be a reversible engine and any engine must be working between fixed temperatures T1 and T2. Only then we can compare their efficiency and all such efficiencies will have to be the same. Now we can turn this around and say that this means that efficiency of a reversible engine working between fixed temperature is a function only of T1 and T2 and of nothing else. So efficiency of reversible engine working reversible engine depends only on the T1, T2 between which and notice that this is important. It does not depend on the working and other details particularly does not depend on materials, fluids, processes, details, anything. The requirement is that the engine must be reversible and hence we can say that the efficiency of such a reversible engine would be a function only between T1 and T2. And since this relation does not depend on materials, we can say that this relation is a basic thermodynamic relation and not a relation which is based on any materials or any process, etc. The only condition is remember that this R is the most important thing here. The engine must be reversible and must be working between two distinct temperatures as represented by two reservoirs. Now this brings us to a situation where using this thermodynamic relation use this relation to set up thermodynamic scales of temperature. Why? The advantage is such scales depend on the properties of any material. This is important. Why is it important? Because the temperature scales which we have set up so far, Celsius scale, Pyramid scale, Kelvin scale, they depend on properties of some material. For example, the classical Celsius scale depended on the properties of mercury and of course, glass because it was expected that the glass has much smaller expansion coefficient than mercury. The ideal gas Kelvin scale of temperature depends on an idealized and approximated gas called an ideal gas. So, we take a real gas, use it in that zone of state space where it behaves like an ideal gas and we can measure the Kelvin temperature, Kelvin ideal gas temperature or ideal gas temperature on the Kelvin scale. The attraction on the thermodynamic scales of temperature based on the fact which we will soon set up is that efficiency of a reversible engine depends only on the temperatures between which it works and on nothing else. Hence, if we set up a temperature scale which is based on the efficiency of reversible engines, we would have set up a scale of temperature which is independent of any material. But what is the disadvantage? We have said that look number one, the simpler of the two disadvantages or less complex of the two disadvantages is that we need two constant temperature reservoirs. We can approximately create them to a very good approximation. But we also need a reversible engine and we have said that a reversible processes that reversible processes and a reversible engines are things about which we can only think. These are thought processes and thought engines. These are not real life processes and real life engines. So, if we set up a scale of temperature based on the characteristic of reversible engines, that scale is only something with which we can think about. We cannot really implement in the practical practice. We will live with this disadvantage for the time being, but soon we will be able to show that the Kelvin scale based on the ideal gas equation of state has a very proper thermodynamic basis. But before we do that, let us look at the characteristics of thermodynamic scales of temperature. Let us do the following. We are now going to use the fact that eta r is a function only of T1 and T2 to set up a scale of temperature. And the idea would be like this, T2 is fixed as a reference. We will always need that. There is no such thing as absolute temperature. Temperature will always with respect to some reference and on some scale. Then T1 can be defined in terms of, that means fixed temperature of some fixed state T2, that will be our fixed point. Then to determine some other temperature T1, all that we do is run a reversible engine between the two. And the efficiency of that reversible engine can then be used to define our scale of temperature. That is the basic idea. We do the implementation as follows. Rather than talk of efficiencies, we talk of something else which we will measure to determine the efficiency. What we do is we go back to our, now we know that the efficiency of this engine is a function only of T1 and T2. The efficiency is defined as W by Q1. Using first law, W will be Q1 by Q2 by Q1 and this means 1 minus Q2 by Q1. And that means if the efficiency is a function only of T1 and T2, then my Q2 by Q1 will also be a function only of T1 and T2. So, I turn it around and say that this implies that the ratio of heat absorbed from T1 to heat rejected to T2 will be some function, say f is a general function to be defined as of T1 and T2. So, this gives us a more detailed idea. To set up a scale, define T2 and reference state. Actually I should say reference state and T2, reference state 2 and T2. Then define f as a function and to determine T1 major Q1 and Q2. And how do you measure Q1 and Q2? For this, you will need to set up a reversible 2T heat engine between the system whose temperature is to be measured and the reference system whose temperature is defined at T2. And if the two systems are not reservoirs, we will have to create a reservoir at the reference temperature T2 and create another reservoir at a reference temperature T1. Now, if this is so, the question arises is what type of function should F be? For that we do the following derivation. Let us say that we have three reservoirs T1, T2 and T3 at successively higher temperatures. That means T1 is greater than T2, T2 is greater than T3. Now, let us work a reversible engine R12 between T1 and T2. Let us let it absorb Q1 by from the reservoir at T2 and let it reject Q2 to the reservoir at T2. Let it produce some work say W12. Now, let us set up another reversible engine R23 between the reservoir at T2 and the reservoir at T3. And let us adjust its working that it absorbs Q2. Notice this, it absorbs Q2 from the reservoir at T2 and rejects Q3 to the reservoir at T3. Let it produce some work W23. Now, the question is suppose I now set up a reversible engine R13 which works between the reservoirs at T1 and T3. And if I set it up in such a way that it absorbs heat Q1 from the reservoir at T1 and rejects say Q3 prime to the reservoir at Q3. And then let us ask ourselves the question what is the relationship between Q3 and Q3 prime. A simple thought would hint to you that Q3 must be equal to Q3 prime. And you can even prove that it must be equal to Q3 prime because if you do not assume it to be otherwise, you will notice that you are violating the Carnot theorem or even the corollary of Carnot theorem. So show that this is I am leaving it as a homework to you, show that Q3 must be equal to Q3 prime. Now the consequence of this is that because Q3 is Q3 prime, I can now write Q1 by Q2 multiplied by Q2 by Q3 equal to Q1 by Q3 prime which is equal to Q3. This prime is not really necessary. And now we have seen that Q1 by Q2 the ratio of the heat transfers by a 2T reversible engine is a function only of the two temperatures T1 and T2. We can write this as the requirement for the function F. F should be such that F of T1 T2 multiplied by F of T2 T3 must be equal to F of T1 T3. Any function F will do provided it satisfies this relation. And obviously by looking at it, we can see that one function or one type of function which would satisfy this is if we consider F to be of the type, if F is of the type some function of T1 divided by some function of T2. Maybe there are other possibilities, but this is definitely one possibility and the simplest of these possibilities would be T1 by T2. So remember there is nothing special this is one possibility if you use if you hunt out some other type of function we can use that maybe it will be more complicated than a ratio definitely. And this is the simplest of the lot. We could have considered T1 square divided by T2 square or logarithm of T1 divided by logarithm of T2 exponential of T1 and exponential of T2 or sine of T1 sine of T2 any complicated function you can put. But let us keep the matter simple because if simple things lead to simple results and useful results nothing like it. So let us consider this to be the simplest possibility. So the question is why not use Q1 by Q2 equal to T1 by T2 and Q1 by Q2 for a reversible 2 T heat engine to set up a temperature scale. And this will be a thermodynamic scale because it will depend only on characteristics of the temperature and will not depend on the details of that engine whether it works on air, whether it works on water, whether it works on mercury or whether it works on paper. If you can make it work as a reversible 2 T heat engine, Cardo theorem says that its efficiency between two temperatures will depend only on those two temperatures and hence we are able to use it as a basis of this temperature scale. Now this is a restricted definition of a temperature scale the restrictions have come about or a specialization has come about because we have decided that f will be modeled like this and then we have selected the simplest of the possibilities that f T1 T2 would simply be a ratio of T1 by T2. And it turns out that this works beautifully and not only it turns out that this gives us a scale which is perfectly aligned with our Kelvin ideal gas scale and we will see the advantages of that later. Now how do you implement this scale? Now let us define some thermodynamic temperature scale, but remember still we have possibility of more than one. All that we do is we set up a reference system at reference state. It could be the triple point of water, but if you are so esoteric you could have triple point of ammonia, triple point of mercury, maybe triple point of lead depending on what is the most abundant and easily available material in your surroundings. Water is one of the most abundant and easily available material on earth. If you go to some other situation where something else is more abundant maybe you could use the triple point or some other fixed point based on that. We have to define its temperature Tf then this is a system whose temperature is to be measured. What we do if the system cannot be assumed during our experiment to behave like a reservoir, we create a reservoir at the same temperature at the system T that we can do because that reservoir across a diothermic partition will not allow any or will not have any heat interaction with our system. And then we set up a reversible 2 T heat engine between the two systems, the reference system at the reference state and the system whose temperature is to be measured. Let us say without any the direction here are immaterial it could either be both this way or it could both be this way. Let this interaction be Q reference and let this interaction be Q, the heat interaction. There will be some work done by the engine but we need not measure that or worry about it. What we do is if this is thermodynamically higher than the reference temperature, reference temperature Tf then Q will be absorbed from our system and Qr will be rejected to the reference system. If the system temperature is lower than the reference temperature then Qr will be absorbed from the reference system and Q will be rejected to the system whose temperature is to be measured. But anyway let the interactions be Q and Qr and then because Tr is defined and Qr and Qr measured, we extract our temperature T from this relation T by T ref is Q by Qr. Notice the similarity of this with the definition of our ideal gas Kelvin scale. There the idea was T by T ref was P v by P v ref. For Kelvin scale, we said the reference system was water, a system containing water at its triple point and for convenience, we had defined 273.16 Kelvin as its temperature, reference temperature. In a similar fashion, we have now defined thermodynamic temperature scale and of course, depending on whatever reference states are and what we define as T ref, we will have different scales. So, we will have to be specific about this to define a particular type of scale. But even then, we appreciate the fact that we require a reversible 2 T heat engine which can only be thought about not really implemented in practice. So, at this stage let me take after 1 hour a small break for 5 minutes. I will soon be back with you. Thank you.


and he only played 29 minutes and you would have to understand that with the back-to-back I know it doesn't start until Tuesday and Wednesday but it's in Detroit you don't know if Kyrie is going to be back with the team Steve Nash did say pregame that he was hoping to have Kyrie back but his finger was swollen we're not gonna know until that game happens if he's back but Kevin Durant is out until next Friday so why not give hard in that extra time Frank well that's what Steve Nash had to decide at 545 to go in the fourth quarter they're down 15 again Doc Rivers decided to put in bead back in the game Ben Simmons was in the game Steve Nash could have said you know what I'll take one more run at it but I think at that point he decided that said he's played a lot of minutes hopefully someone last Steve Nash about that after the game think about this though hard in the first half when he didn't play that first seven minutes of the second quarter the Nets actually outscored Philadelphia 16 to 14 him sitting in the fourth quarter the score was 22-22 so they actually outscored Philadelphia by two when Hardin wasn't in the game and now Philadelphia over the last two seasons up into this point they are 40 and four as you see right there at home there's four teams that walked out of Philly the past two seasons with wins Denver Portland Miami and Dallas they have that 17 and 7 record which is the best in the Eastern Conference and seven players Frank in double digits yeah Ben Simmons as we know is outstanding he can get to the basket takes a couple of dribbles and he's from the three-point line right at the rim and this is the issue the Nets will have if they meet up with Philadelphia in the playoffs which is possible Philadelphia right now is the best record a lot of people still think that the Nets are the best team and bead is an absolute load the Nets have to figure out a way to guard him now Philadelphia still hasn't played against Kevin Durant in career so if the Nets get all those three guys together and they're playing Philly that's a different story but in Joel and bead will be a problem for the Brooklyn Nets


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So through this video I am going to take you through a three-step process consisting of what to study, how to study and where to study from and then I am going to discuss in detail in step number three the free resources that you can refer to if you are preparing for TGTPGT examination. So let's quickly take a look at the three-step process that every aspirant should follow. Step number one is to know the syllabus which will help you to know what to study. I have already made a detailed video on this topic and I am decoded TGTPGT English syllabus in that video wherein I talked about the syllabus, the paper pattern and what type of questions come in the exam paper. So please go and check out that video to know the first step that is what to study. After you know what to study the next step is to know how to study. Guys every aspirant has a copy of the syllabus but only limit a number of students clear this exam. The reason that separates the students who fail and those who pass is that those who pass know how to study. In most examination it is only after going through the past year papers that you know how to study. For example let me take the example of the poet William Wordsworth. There are about 30 poems by Wordsworth which are a part of the syllabus but which poem needs to be studied in how much detail that can only be judged after going through the past year papers right. If you are looking for past year papers of TGTPGT examination then we invite you to visit our website right now. We have provided past 10 years paper of all different government institutions who are conducting TGTPGT exam free of cost on our website you can simply go download the paper get the answer key and start your preparation right away. When we made our online course for TGTPGT exam for students we analyzed the past year papers sorted the question based on different topics and then finally prepared video lectures covering all those topics to help the students save their time and energy. Hence even if you are studying on your own do make it a point to analyze the past year papers so that you know which works are to be dealt in greater detail while which other works for which you just need to remember the title and the subtitle. There's a very famous saying that is very popular amongst the aspirants that don't try to memorize books and go to your question paper rather do the question paper first and then memorize the books. It basically says that it is better to look at the type of questions asked in the exam first rather than mugging up the entire guidebook only to have later realized that you have memorized unnecessary topics or have skipped some important topics. So first analyze the question paper and then move to the guidebook or your reference book and other study material so that you only study those topics which are relevant from the exam point of view. There's a very famous saying which goes something like this activity without direction is change activity with direction is progress so if you embark upon any activity but it is not in the right direction there will be changes but no progress but if you make efforts in the right direction you will see progress hence you need to analyze the previous year papers and highlight those topics in your study material and study in the right direction and when your friend says you see books this are a question I need a book to pick up. Please don't fall for it. I'm keeping paper set. It's not just a question. Plus on top of it there is no book from which all the questions that you see in the paper come from. No one book is good or bad. It is how you approach it and how you deal with the topics in it is what makes the entire difference. Now you know step one which is what to study. Step two which is how to study. I think it is the right time when I introduce you to the most important topic of this video which is where to study from. Step number three in this particular section of the video I'm going to talk about the book list that is going to be appropriate if you're preparing for any kind of TGTPGT examination be it KBS, NBS, DEE, or any state TGTPGT exam. So as you all know that there are two sections in TGTPGT English exam. The first one is grammar and the second one is literature. So let us look at the topics of syllabus one by one and look at the appropriate books that you can refer to. Let us take up the first section that is grammar. The book which you should refer to for grammar is Wren N. Martin. This book covers almost every topic you need to prepare for this particular exam. Hence you can easily highlight the topics from your syllabus in this book and start studying. Otherwise you can also use a general English book which is made for any competitive exam. The grammar syllabus guys in TGTPGT exam is very very basic just like you know it is asked in any other competitive exam. So any book that talks about the general English grammar will work for section one preparation. You don't need to be very very particular. Now we move on to section number two which is literature. For your ease I have divided this section into four parts. The first part is about writers and their works. Now this is a very very important section. 50 to 60 percent questions are asked from this particular topic. Pick up any TGTPGT syllabus you will find that there is a list of important writers and their works. What you need to do is study them from proper and authentic sources. Mostly students run after an English guidebook prescribed for TGTPGT exam but I don't think those guidebooks help a lot because in some guidebooks you won't find the summaries while in others you won't find the important facts. Hence it is a fact that there is no one book that can provide you with end to end preparation and because of this reason we came up with an online video course for TGTPGT examination where we cover each and every topic end to end. We are proud to announce that we are the only institute in India that teaches through animated videos. Our videos are designed using 3D graphics and animation which enhances the visual memory of the students so that they can retain complicated summaries of novels, plays and poems easily and recall it effectively during the exam. In our online course we provide you with topic wise video lessons with rich animations covering all topics in a step-by-step manner which works even when you've not done any previous preparation. We also provide you with high quality PDFs and revision notes that cover syllabus wise topics comprehensively and ensure you qualify your dream exam in just one attempt. Along with video lectures and PDF we also offer test series that consist of more than 3000 unit wise questions that come with detailed explanation. Plus after every test you get a detailed performance report and your ranking in the All India Leaderboard which will help you spot your weak and strong areas. We cover all these important topics, writers and works in our online course. The detailed list of all the topics that we cover in the online course is available free of course on our website arpithakarva.com. You can even download this free list and start preparing for the exams on your own. But still if you want to study from a book there are two main sources which you can utilize. There are online sources such as parknotes, lit charts, grade saver. These are some amazing online website for English literature which you can use for reading detailed summary of important works such as towels, dickens, hardtiles. Not only the detailed summaries you can also read important facts related to particular works. For every important work you need to go through the biography of the author, summary of the work, characters, along with themes, symbols, important quotations you also need to know various intertextual references if they are used in that particular work. And most importantly you would also need a good command over the previous year papers where you might find some fact-based questions which you would not have studied otherwise. Only after studying all these topics will you be able to understand all these authors and their works. Let me explain to you the importance of these things by giving you a very simple example of questions asked about Charles Dickens in TGTPG examination. There was a question that mentioned three writers who complained about Charles Dickens that he is having a lack of psychological depth and sentimentalism. Who were these three authors was the question and they were Oscar Wilde, Henry James, Virginia Woolf. Now these three writers will become a part of your reference when you study Charles Dickens because when you're reading Charles Dickens you can't just read hard times and its summary and feel ki haan bhai main to topic khatam kar diya. Another question that popped up in the TGTPG exam a few years ago was who curated the largest collection of Charles Dickens manuscripts and proofs. It was curated by a person called John Foster. So now they'll ask what was the name of this particular collection and the collection's name was Foster Collection. Hence now you have to see how important it is not just to study Charles Dickens but also to study John Foster. Another kind of question that came up in TGTPG exam from Charles Dickens is the subtitle of Oliver Twist which is Parish Boys Progress and this subtitle alludes to a famous book by John Bunyan. If you know the name of the book put that in the comments below. So this person was a writer who was writing around 1400s and he wrote this very famous work jaha se Charles Dickens inspire oke Oliver Twist ka subtitle likha. Then there was another important question that came up which was about Charles Dickens close friend who objected to the original ending of Charles Dickens great expectation where Estella remarries at the end whereas Pip remains single. So Dickens revised it into a more conventional ending where Pip and Estella remarry. The question was that who is that friend who inspires Charles Dickens to change the ending of great expectation and the name of that friend was another great literary author William Wilkie Collins. Then there was another question that came up in TGTPG exam saying that there's a work by Charles Dickens which is a satire on the English judicial system which was that work and the work was comment below right now. So now when you look at the kind of questions that I just shared with you you will be surprised to see that only by studying Charles Dickens biography and summaries of his work in superficial manner will not make you clear TGTPG exam. You have to know all these important facts that are keep coming up in the paper. So as I discussed you could either do your preparation from online sources that I just mentioned or you can buy individual books for these writers. For example if you have an individual play by William Shakespeare let's say Hamlet in your course you can purchase an individual guidebook on Hamlet and study all the topics from that book including characters, symbols, themes, important quotations, references and other factual details. So you could choose either online websites that I just mentioned or individual books for your preparation. Another great way of studying this portion is by enrolling yourself in our online course where I'm going to provide you with end-to-end preparation. In our online course we provide you all important details in form of video lectures so that you are prepared thoroughly for the entire exam. Before we move ahead I have a small message for each one of you out there. If you have any other questions or doubts about UGC net paper one, paper two, MA entrance, PhD entrance, PTT TGT or any other competitive exam related to English literature then feel free to reach out to us on WhatsApp. The WhatsApp number is flashed right on the screen. You can shoot a WhatsApp message on the number and regularly get important updates related to exam notifications, syllabus change and months more. And if you are searching for free study material on various topics related to TGTPG exam then feel free to ping us on WhatsApp and my team will more than happy to assist you. Now after talking about writers and their works the next important topic that you should be studying is the chronological history of English literature. Now I would suggest you to refer to Routledge History of English Literature or Edward Elbert's History of English Literature to cover this particular portion.  For example if your syllabus includes romantic writers like Wordsworth, Keats, Shelley then you need to just study the romantic age. But if your syllabus has no writers from postmodern age then you can comfortably skip the postmodern age while you are reading the chronological history of English literature. Another example is the Anglo-Saxon and the Anglo-Roman period where no writer from this particular age is included in the entire TGTPGT syllabus. Hence you can comfortably skip these ages. Finally now that we have discussed two important topics of literature or writers in their works and history of English literature we come on to the last two topics which is forms and literary devices. I've clubbed them into one. Like I told you in my previous video poems can be of different types like epic, sonnet, odes. Similarly there can be different types of novels like pica rescue, epistolary. Similarly there can be different types of dramas like kitchen sink drama, absurd drama, closet drama. So these are different forms of literature. Then there are different literary devices like metonymy, simile, metaphor, apostrophe. All these literary devices should be read by the student and to read these forms of literature and literary devices the best book is image ebrahams, a glossary of literary terms. It's a wonderful book but the only problem is that this book contains so many literary devices and forms that you end up getting confused after reading just the first 15-20 pages. So you must know what to read and what to skip from this book and that you will only know after analyzing the previous year papers and the paper pattern. Only after that you will be able to use image ebrahams, a glossary of literary terms to the best of your knowledge. So as problem is I've given you a detailed book list for all the topics ranging from grammar to all the topics of literature and I also have mentioned free resources that you can use in order to prepare for the exam. I'm quite eager to know how you felt about this video. Did you like it? Not like it? Did you find it helpful? Please share your views in the comments below. Also if you have any questions, any doubt or if you want me to make video on any other topic then feel free to put that in the comment section below as well. That's it from my side for this video lecture. I'll meet you very very soon in the next video lecture. Till the time we meet next, happy learning, keep loving your teacher and stay tuned to arpitakarwa.com.


We have spent together in search for truth in God, who is His one Creator. We have found the way He chose for us and made the choice to follow it as He would have us go. His hand has held us up. His thoughts have lit the darkness of our minds. His love has called to us unceasingly since time began. Or in this final section, we will come to understand that we need only call to God and all temptations disappear. Instead of words, we need but feel His love. Instead of prayers, we need but call His name. Instead of judging, we need but be still and let all things be healed. We will accept the way God's plan will end as we receive the way it started. Now it is complete. This year has brought us to eternity. To a useful word we still retain. From time to time, instructions on a theme of special relevance will interspersed our daily lessons and the periods of wordless, deep experience which should come afterwards. These special thoughts should be reviewed each day, each one of them to be continued till the next is given to them. They should be slowly read and thought about for a little while, preceding one of the holy and blessed instances in the day.


what's going on guys it's your boy modern day muscle back at you with another video yo let me tell y'all something man the food well and I say the food the chain stores out here in the Midwest them shits is nasty you know I mean yesterday at the Applebee's the salmon was raw today you know my family wanted to go check out I hop they didn't they had the arm they had to make the waffle three times almost had to go back there and show them myself because I don't understand how you messed up a waffle but yeah man hopefully we're gonna go down to downtown in the arts and see what um you know that food hasn't started do here that the food out there is good but yeah guys we got a bunch of things planned stay tuned St. Louis Missouri see you guys get some scenery right here got the whole courthouse right there looks like I think this is like a little dog park for people but this is what we came for right here the arch baby look at the arch trying to get you guys the arch look at that ain't that beautiful man we're definitely gonna definitely take the tram ride on that and do the on the cruise boat as well too man and hopefully get some good food man because lately I just texted a homeboy mine as he said yo don't do chain restaurants in the Midwest and I have to say I have to agree so yo fat cat chick filet out here is dead man chick filet out here is dead because you don't know what you're gonna get man I definitely have a conversation with you but man it was bad really bad but uh yeah man I'm about to um I need some to drink because I'm dehydrated the orange juice wasn't even good it was spoiled but uh yeah man I need to go get me like a Gatorade or a bottle of water or something like that you know but um check out this arch real quick guy this arch thing looks so cool guys I mean I'll show to you guys real quick as you guys can see like we're at the foot we're at the foot of the arch right now there's like some little food stands and stuff like that going on yeah man this looks this looks pretty damn cool actually right this looks cool right yeah this looks pretty cool no I'm you too but now as you guys know I'm out here with my family they want to take a picture next to the arch so you know of course I gotta go do that I will see you guys when we're actually we're doing first the cruise the cruise first and then we're doing the tram on the arch so yeah I'll see you guys in the stairs ain't that believe this is the missus we get done y'all yeah so real quick guys we're down here at St. Louis um this is a mysterious chain it goes from the river and then um it goes underneath the road I'm anybody that's been here with St. Louis if you care to educate me like why is this like this is this historic something like this because this doesn't make sense why this would be here but uh it's pretty cool though yeah believe this is the Mississippi River though chain goes way out I'm Sawyer oh take that as you will but yes sir everybody's talking about head over my family I'm about to walk up these steep stairs every on the steamboat y'all this is a steamboat this is a regular boat I think this is a regular boat y'all so the ladies are gonna get popcorn and stuff like that so I'm sitting on here this is cool man I've been working for a year or two but I would have never came out of the Mississippi River and all that this is a blessing man make sure y'all stay tuned in the free smoke make sure y'all y'all know you know subscribe to my channel subscribe to free smoke subscribe to FatCast channel subscribe to all our channels man we got some fire coming out man you know we all individuals outside this free smoke thing and don't make me sit and follow our journey man let's go inside and check out this uh oh no I'm vlogging it's okay but uh yeah I'm about to go inside and check out this uh this cafe look at that bridge y'all thing looks good so apparently if I'm correct the guy that was telling me I believe that's the east side of St. Louis so we'll be going over there tomorrow for Godfrey's no stay tuned for that the Mississippi River y'all right now man and I'm just thankful that I'm able to bring this experience but I would have never came in those St. Louis Missouri man hopefully you guys can hear me there's a lot of stuff going on right now so St. Louis man y'all redeemed yourselves I was at a little town called Bridgestone what two different spots Sam was wrong I went to a breakfast spot and my daughter's uh my daughter's a waffle that I made that joint three times so I don't know what's going on with y'all yeah man I'm just uh waiting on this right now I'm just taking in the experience man honestly it's a blessing you know you know this is what happens when you stay positive man this is how it's going to stay positive it's a really experience take it for what it is you know even in the time that we're in right now you're cold and all that cold and all that stuff man you still gotta you know man you can't let that stuff be you know sorry man you know at the end of the day like you gotta live your life life is too short you know take that as you will I'm not trying to say that COVID is you know stupid or anything like that but y'all you only got one life to live and it's a very short life so you know you either go make sure you go out there and enjoy yourself and make sure that you're living your life to the fullest however that you want to live it so I'm choosing to live my life by going out and seeing things man so you know I'm thankful that I'm able to do that I'm really the YouTube platform the free smoke platform help me out man it's cool man I'm out of St. Louis Missouri we're gonna be in uh apparently the east side of St. Louis there's a little noise which is kind of cool so we'll be going over the state is that a casino so unless they cap him I took a casino right there man over on the east side so I'm definitely gonna have to check that out so that's about um hopefully I can get to everything that I want to go check out you know you know time is just going but yeah man um definitely gonna have to see like what trial that could see how man look that shirt we're gonna appreciate that follow my guys


All right, welcome back. We are going to talk about synthetic division Okay, so in a previous video I talked about polynomial long division and this is going to be polynomial synthetic division this is a This is a process that it's basically a quick way of dividing polynomials It doesn't really look like the polynomial long division that I did a previous video looks much much different But it is a much faster way of doing division. You'll see that here in just a moment now the process itself Does it looks very confusing it really really is but the one thing you got to do just stick with me to the end of the episode Stick with me to the end of the video and we'll get through this and you'll see actually how much easier Synthetic division is then your normal polynomial long division Okay, so the first thing that we want to do identify kind of what we're divide and what we're dividing here in this case We're taking 3x squared Minus x to the third plus 5x minus one this polynomial this Cortic four-term polynomial divided by this linear binomial x plus two Okay, so we want this we want to see we kind of see what? What we get when we divide okay now if you saw from the polynomial long division video I can get a little bit hairy about what all you're multiplying and that kind of stuff It's actually this synthetic division is actually a simpler process. There's a little bit of setup to it though So here's the setup okay now on this on this side what we have this is your setup right here You have you have a number over here in this kind of little half box Then you have these numbers that enter row right here. You have a gap right here We're gonna put some more numbers right down here. You have this line and then you have this box right here We're gonna have numbers down here also. There's gonna be numbers all over the place Okay, but this is kind of the setup you have your box here row of numbers We have a gap right here. We have our line and then we have this little kind of three-quarters box I guess you could call it down here Okay, now where do all these numbers come from? Okay, now we're dividing by x plus two and so the number that's going to go in this box is always going to be the opposite Opposite of this number Okay, so notice it's x plus two so the number that we actually put inside this box is going to be a negative two Okay, that's gonna happen every single time you just use the opposite of that number. Okay, all right then these other numbers here What are these numbers come from? We'll notice I have this up here. These numbers are our coefficients co e coefficients Okay, now these are the coefficients of our of our dividend the numbers have to be on top right here Okay, but notice that there's actually something extra. We have this zero x squared notice that there's a gap right here Okay, there's an x squared variable that is missing there. We're not necessarily missing. We just don't have one there But for the synthetic division process, we have to have all of the coefficients even the ones that are not there Sounds kind of weird. We have to have all the coefficients even the ones that are not there So if a number is not there, we assume it to be zero. So this is actually zero x squared So then my coefficients I got from up here and from this little gap So these numbers are just the coefficients of three negative one zero positive five and that negative one right there Okay, so that's where those numbers come from And now now we actually get that that's the setup. Okay, that's the setup now We get into the actual synthetic division process So now what we're going to do the your first step is actually we're going to start here on the left side We're going to start here working on the left. This three is what we're going to start with your first coefficient I'm going to take this number and I'm going to just bring it down Okay, I'm just going to bring this number down Okay, and then this right here this this row of numbers that I'm going to get are going to be my answers These are going to be my answers Okay, well that answers plural my answer singular. Anyway, so The numbers that I get here are going to be part of my answer now Actually writing the answer is going to be a little bit a little bit different But we'll get to that here in a minute Okay, so take this three and move it on down and then what we're going to do is we're going to take this number That's inside the box and we are going to multiply it times any number that we bring down here Okay, we're going to multiply times any number that we bring down here So in this case for this number I'm going to take negative two Times three to get a negative six and that negative six We are going to put up here in this gap. I mentioned this earlier. We have a gap right here Okay, so again negative we take the three brought it down. We're going to use negative two We're going to multiply that times three to get a negative six. So that's what I have up here. All right And then we just continue and then we just kind of repeat this process I'm going to bring these numbers down This is a negative one and a negative six which are going to combine to get a negative seven You can also think add down You can also think just add these numbers down to get negative seven And then just continue with the process I'm going to take negative two and I'm going to multiply that times negative seven to get uh positive 14 forgot the number there we go five positive 14 And then you just continue the process continue the process. So I'm going to add down to get 14 Multiply up to get negative 28 Add down to get negative 23 and then multiply But oh this is okay negative two times 20 negative 23 is a positive 46 Okay, and then I'm going to take negative two. I'm going to take negative two Oh shoot. Nope. I'm done. Oh, I'm done. I just have to add this down. So negative one Plus 46 is a 45. There we go. That's better All right. So that's the synthetic division process I didn't do my arrows for each one of these but you can't we kind of get the idea So let's recap we we're not going to write the answer quite yet. So let's recap a little bit So I take I start right here. I start with this three I bring it down and then from there I take negative two times this three to get negative six Add down to get negative seven then I take negative two times negative seven to get a positive 14 Then I add these numbers down. Okay, take negative two times 14 to get negative 28 Okay, then add these numbers down to get negative 23 Then I take negative two times negative 23 for a positive 46 that I add those numbers down to get 45 Now I've done the entire process, and that's a relatively straight forward process. Add down, multiply up. Once you have everything written out, it's add down, multiply up, which actually is kind of simple. But now from here, we need to rewrite our answer. This number in the box over here, this one is unique. This is the remainder, so if you remember from our long division example, our polynomial remainder gets written like this, I'm going to write this down here. We write it as 45 over what we're dividing by. Now in this case, we are dividing by x plus 2. We're dividing by x plus 2. So that's what our remainder is. Now what I'm going to do is I'm going to actually write these numbers in reverse. Now you'll see why I write them in the reverse here in just a moment. I'm going to take this 23, this is my constant number. So I don't have a variable with this. This is going to be negative or minus 23. Then I'm going to move on. Now in my answer down here, the numbers are simply just going to increase, the variables are going to increase as I go up to the left here. So this 14 is my linear term, so this is going to be plus 14x. Next is negative 7, this is going to be my quadratic term, which is negative 7 squared. Next is 3, this is going to be my cubic term of 3x to the third. Now notice the progression, x to the third, x squared, x, no x's remainder. Notice the progression down the line. And that right there, there's our answer. So you can kind of realize why I did this backwards. I started with the remainder and then worked my way up from having no x's to 1x to 2x's to 3x's. That is synthetic division. That's the whole process right there. Yeah, and the next video that I do will be synthetic substitution, which actually uses this synthetic division process to do some substitution stuff, which is actually kind of neat. Anyway, that's it for this video. Hope you enjoyed it and thank you for watching.


hat the Government will in their conclusion. My colleague Pam Gauzer laid out the dread for and truly heartbreaking disparity in her area whether it be in school performance, homelessness or life expectancy. The postcode lottery should not determine your school results whether or not you have a home and certainly not how long you live. Alexander Stewart referred to the fact that the Government has handed powers out over the raw benefits in 2016 and still haven't finished taking full control over them until at least 2025. It will take almost a decade before we get a fairer order and yet they keep saying that they want more powers. Neil Gray? I merely point out to Jeremy Balfour that we have one Government that is investing in social security and a Government that he supports that is cutting social security. Did he hear Stephen Crabb, the former DWP Secretary of State yesterday, when he said that it was a mistake for him to assume that cutting social security would get people into work? That was a mistake and he backed the policy that is supported by this Government, which is to see the universal credit uplift retained. Mr Balfour? I think that my colleague Mr Gray made clear that we would have preferred an extension if possible, but we also recognise, as you recognise, that there are financial choices that have to be made. All that we have heard from the SNP benches this afternoon is, let's have more power, but we have heard over and over again that we have not even been delivered on the powers that we have already. The slag of DWP, but without DWP, poor people would be even poorer and people would be getting benefits. We have heard from my colleague Sharon Dowie of the terrible lack of opportunities that are affordable to our rural communities. Again, being education employment. At this point, I want to go back and echo my colleague Alexander Stewart in ensuring that we as a Conservatives believe in equality of opportunity. The hallmark of a fair society is that one allows individuals to thrive regardless of their situation where they are born into what type of family they live in. Child poverty is a massive problem here in Scotland. I would love the Minister to tell me that we have the same powers north and south of the border but why are more disabled people in employment in England compared to Scotland? Because this Government, I think, needs to answer these questions rather than slagging off other Governments. As I mentioned earlier, it is estimated that almost a quarter of children in Scotland are living in relative poverty after housing costs. That statistic doesn't hit you like a punch in the gut. You surely aren't grasping the magnitude of it.  Do you not see the irony in that? Surely those are people who are receiving money Scottish families? How can you justify £20 coming out of those families' hands? Can we just remind members that they speak through the chair and therefore they should not refer to other members as you, Mr Balfour? The answer is that all five parties had that in our manifestos. We want to deliver on our manifestos because we have listened to the faith groups, we have listened to the third sector, we say that this needs to be done. You are talking about organisations that have quite rightly lobbied. The member has talked about organisations that are quite rightly calling for the doubling of child payment. Those same organisations are telling members on that side of the chamber that it is the wrong thing to do to cut universal credit by £20. Why are you only listening to them on one issue and not the other? I may be wrong on this, but I understand that we are missing the Scottish Parliament and we have responsibility for Scottish decisions. If you want to go and discuss universal credit, stand down and get yourself elected to Westminster, but please let's focus in on what we can do in this Parliament with the power that we have rather than focusing on other Governments. It is the utmost importance that we as a Parliament seek—no, I have no more time on the middle of the site. As I said, many charities have stated that it would make a massive difference. Doubling the Scottish child payment to £20 will have a major impact on the number of children in poverty, lifting tens of thousands of children from most tragic circumstances. Of course, it is no way a silver bullet, but it would make a difference, a real difference, and it is something that I can do and all 128 other members can do when we vote on a budget in a few months' time. If the Government wants to take seriously those issues, it must stop all the talk, grow up its sleeves and deliver effective policies that will promote a fairer and more equal society. What will be the better way to start by seeking to kick women down the road and double the Scottish child payment now, commit to it now, vote for Miles Briggs amendment and let's give a clear message that we understand what the Scottish people want us to do. I thank all members for their contributions today. We have quite understandably heard a lot about the anti-poverty measures that are being taken by the Scottish Government and particularly around the Scottish child payment. We have heard that directly at the start from Miles Briggs and we have heard it from many others. It is, of course, the Government's intention to double the Scottish child payment to £20 as early as possible in this parliamentary session. That is, after all, a benefit that went from announcement to delivery in 18 months, which is a record delivery for our new social security system. Thank you. You are quite right. It is record delivery. Can we replicate that with some of the other benefits then so that people don't have to wait to the likes of 2025 in order to get more eligibility or add to inclusive payment? I will come on to some of this if I have time in more detail. I would absolutely point the member to the fact that we are already delivering 11 benefits through Social Security Scotland, 11 of which are brand new and unique. Some of the reasons why we are taking some time to develop the policy with those with lived experiences to get this right, but also to ensure that we have a stable system that will allow us to make the change. That is something that I, when I was social security secretary, did work very carefully with stakeholders on the reasons for that. Can I get back to the issue on the Scottish child payment? I think that it was very telling as we went on. We heard about the Scottish child payment and we heard about universal credit, although apparently, according to Jeremy Balfour, we shouldn't debate universal credit and we should just leave it to Westminster. He'll forgive me if I don't take that offer up. It is a choice. We all have choices, so I would happily give way to any of the Scottish Conservatives here who would like to intervene today and anyone who would want to condemn the UK Government. If not go as far as that, at least could you all the UK Government into dropping their threat for the UK Government to take that £20 cut to universal credit? I'll say the exact point that I said to one of our backbenchers. My motion today looks towards making sure that we double the child payment in this financial year. Will members support that or are you about to vote against it in this Parliament? There we go, at least Miles Brideg's had decency to stand up and attempt to defend the UK Government while the rest of his backbenchers and frontbenchers sat and looked at the floor, because no one will actually do that in the Scottish Tories. I think that that is a testimony to where their priorities lie and, as Jeremy Balfour said, the choices that they have made on this. We have set out very clearly what we will do in the Scottish child payment and I look forward to when it comes to the budget debates about what will happen in this debate from every single party as we move forward with costed budgets on this. Pam Duncan-Glancy, as always, in her contributions within the Scottish Parliament, gave a very thoughtful, considered approach to her contribution. I urge her to caution on some issues. We would all love to get on with it when it comes to aspects, but specifically on the Scottish child payment, as Shona Robison pointed out when she was making an intervention, we are providing bridging payments to make sure that we are getting on with it. Pam Duncan-Glancy mentioned that that does not match to everyone who will be getting the Scottish child payment. That is simply because we do not have the data to be able to allow us to deliver on that. While, yes, it is a commendable desire for us to be able to do that, we can only work with what we have, we can only work with the reality of what we have within our social security system and the answers are there for full powers, not split powers. I am some of my apologies, I am going to try and make some more progress. Neil Gray, Jackie Dunbar, Bob Dorris and others did talk very rightly about the tale of two Governments and I think that was a point that was exceptionally strongly made. Emma Roddick also gave a very thoughtful contribution, talking about her own experiences of homelessness and the absolute necessity on us to tackle the drivers of poverty through this. People fall through the net and that is absolutely unacceptable and that is why we have to take a cross-government approach to be able to deal with this. I can also just point out the contribution by Maggie Chapman. There were not many contributions that did mention the work that is on-going on human rights and the incorporation of the UN treaties. We have the opportunity within this parliamentary session to deliver something that is truly world-leading on this and she mentioned the different parts of our society that will benefit from that and I do hope that it is something that we will genuinely be able to take some progress on consensually. I'm very grateful that we choose exchange time to leap it up. I wonder whether the cabinet secretary is able to answer the question that I posed with regard to the Supreme Court judgment that we anticipate within weeks. Yes, I'm just coming to your contribution as well. Martin Whitfield made a contribution on the UNCRC, which is of course within the Supreme Court at the moment, so I won't take too much time or make too much commitment on a live case, but this Government does remain absolutely committed to the incorporation of UNCRC to the maximum extent of the powers of this Parliament and I hope that that gives them some comfort in our words. I move on to talk about some issues in education that hadn't come up in education children and families because this pandemic has had a significant impact on families and we need to make sure that we are delivering the support to them. That's exactly why a programme for government sets out our commitment to invest at least £50 million over the life of this Parliament to create a whole family wellbeing fund. We also absolutely have to take into account the talk of that promise that we made, we all made, to thousands of care-experienced children and adults last year. We made a promise of transformational change in the care system and we intend to absolutely keep that promise and we will ensure that we will deliver on that despite the challenges. I thank the cabinet secretary for giving way. There is currently no streamlined approach towards adoption support for Scottish families despite the SNP's pledge of implementing the promise, therefore can the cabinet secretary provide an update regarding the care experience grants for 16 to 26-year-olds? That is again something that we are determined to move forward with. You have seen the programme for government, you have seen our commitment for that and we are determined to deliver on that. If I can move on to education recovery, which again a number of members have mentioned, we are aware that there have been negative impacts on both the health and the wellbeing and attainment of some children and young people as a result of the pandemic. That is exactly why there has been £450 million of additional funding that has already been committed as part of education recovery. A significant amount of work regarding educational renewal and recovery is already under way and we will continue to work with partners to ensure that pupils who have been negatively impacted are given the support that they need to recover. An important part of that is on the Scottish attainment challenge programme and that does have an absolutely vital role. Audit Scotland has recognised that there has been progress made on the poverty-related attainment gap and headteachers have also reported back that they are seeing progress, but we know that there is more to do. That is exactly why we have committed £215 million this year to attainment Scotland funding, including a £20 million pupil equity funding premium. That is the first part of a £1 billion commitment to tackle the poverty-related attainment gap within the parliamentary term. I am not sure how much time I have left. I am apparently winding up. My apologies, Miles Gregor. I would have taken another intervention if I could. We are also determined to tackle teacher recruitment and to ensure that teachers have permanent contracts wherever possible, although recruitment and retention lies within the gift of local authorities. We have already committed £248 million to support local authorities for the appointment of an additional 2,200 teachers and more than 500 support staff in schools across Scotland, and we are providing further funding for councils to support the recruitment of 3,500 additional teachers and 500 classroom assistants over this parliamentary term. In conclusion, there is much within the programme for government that Ms Robertson and I could have discussed within our own portfolios. There is an ambitious programme there to create that fairer Scotland. We have seen progress and we are proud of this Government's record. I think that the results of the election have demonstrated that the Scottish people have put our trust in us once again to deliver on that. I think that we are beginning to repay that trust already. When you look at our first 100 days, we have demonstrated that we are committed to delivering on teacher recruitment and on levels to tackle anti-poverty. That is the type of delivery that we are already seeing within the first 100 days, and that is the level of delivery that we are committed to continuing to do over this parliamentary term. That concludes the debate on supporting a fairer and more equal society.


What's going on everyone Sam here with late in sports cards? We are doing 2022 bowman sterling baseball hobby four box break number seven random team style Here's a look again at your random results As always you can find these on the website under the results tab as well as the Lincoln Shat Let's get going. We got four spots to go in our first select break We have the bowls Nick Spurs and wizards all on sale all of them are on sale So check it out if you guys are interested Definitely gonna be a fun one. All right, 22 sterling four boxes of this. Let's do it. Good luck here, everybody Paul sterling signage would be unreal, dude Couser would be good if you can get like some Couser color. That's actually a pretty solid pole Couser is a really good prospect. Yeah, Colson Montgomery is good too. Yeah, it's prospect though Cousers like second or third time signing See was I think Bowman draft last year or the year before Bulls are gone. Thank you, Willie Or that's Nelson, right a gold to start it looks like Brandon Marsh Noel V Marta Anthony Volpe gold Christian Santana 11 out of 50. There you go. Tigers Chris E Stop Tim Timmy. How you doing, buddy? Tim, are you on this one? I feel like you were Maybe that was a different one the whole that Willie Nelson Mandela. That's a good one Nice one there Ryan Velley Aaron Ashby Fills are bad Ken fills are not bad for sure because yeah, you got the Yo, so our Garcia and I think Harper's got autos in this too Bryce them stop rookie They lock roots. Yo, so our Garcia. There you go Congrats on that Ken Prospect autumn J rod rookie Jaren Durant and Luis on jalapenos. Good luck, John. Well, okay Edward Perez that's gonna be Bryce Harper 20 out of 25 Oh holy cow Congrats on that Ken. We literally just talked about that Kenny Ken. Let's go, buddy Big hit for Ken right there, man That's awesome, dude Yeah, a little bit of a print line on that. We'll send a Yeah, we'll send an empty box and wrapper on this one. We'll still mag it though Just in case you want to send like yeah, like you guys are saying there's a print line Right up there again. We'll send you an empty box and wrapper if you'd like to get that talk to Talk about getting that replaced still a massive card regardless massive card Aaron Ashby and Shrera's CJ Abrams rookie forgot to use Vaughn's trick in my order notes That is an awesome card Torkelson Hell yeah, Ramos. It's a pink Steven Kwan 10 out of 75 hit the Kwan, baby Grats guardians. Oh, yes Auto Lurad nice one there Dodgers Grats on that Matthew R Lee over for Guero and Averson Artega All right, last mini box box one. I'll see if every box will be like that be awesome, dude compost There's a Christian Hernandez 86 out of 99. That's going to the cubbies Grats on that one cubs Kyle Congrats Kyle Nice one there, man Louise Hill Hunter Green and cutter Crawford All right, I'll do it for box one. We're on the box to he's actually pretty solid Harper so sick. Yeah, it's a sweet card, dude. What'd you make that smells good? Nice We've got hell yeah Ramos 14 out of 99 looks like we got an orange behind that of Alejo Lopez going to the Reds Eric T That's gonna be 60 out of 75 nice one there Luciana and Yeah, no, that'll that'll do it for sure On the revos there's a Marco Luciano so 150 on that we've got Henry Mendez. That's going to the brew crew brewers are so sneaky good in this Garcia and Henry Mendez Yeah, I'm gonna be interested to see what Cosmix all about tomorrow. It's gonna be fun There's a Shane boss to 99 to one of 99 for the raise Got a Armando Cruz going to the Nationals congrats Washington Dori Lorenzo and Denzar Guzman there pretty much is a South relic in every other box hold again, Bobby White rookie boy park Gold Roberto Campos six out of 50. That's going to the Tigers congrats again to trait Chrissy There's gyro Paul Maris for the Giants Willemand Diaz and Jason Dillingus Got blue Jeremy Pena 10 out of 25. Wow Congrats Astros Eric T probably Magda's one honestly Congrats on the Pena that's awesome. What a time to get that and a speckle Cal Raleigh to 99 South relic auto nice one there Congrats brewers literally talking on this one right here And Spencer Strider rookie Yeah, and wouldn't be wouldn't be a break without me pulling some sort of Spencer Strider That page is sweet your box Well, she'll be another one too somewhere one of these last two boxes. We have 10 chances another South Raleigh We'll probably get one. It's a lot of this stuff. See what we got here. We got a wave coming up It's you know, well wave Jordan Lawler nice diamond max four out of 125 congrats, Arizona Eric T Juan Yepas, Victor Acosta trouble maker there Murray Murray colander Zoya Man lives off that literally lives off that stuff Bell and Halle's we've got Coulson Montgomery 37 out of 75. There you go Kyle Nice one there man for the White Sox Full shy town teams Matt Manning Castro and Mackenzie Gore Cappy compost. There's a Dustin Harris going to the Rangers That's Texas Tejas Hunter Green rookie Seth Beer Wilman Diaz that's going up to the Dodgers nice one there Dodgers Reed Detmer's rookie Classe and Pineda Yeah, I was gonna say I didn't realize that either until we started until we pulled two One of each the dog Ruhon There's an Ellie Daylock cruise very nice going to the Reds Eric T congrats, man. Nice. Ellie. That's a nice. Uh, Ellie sig right there too Jay Allen and Colton Couser All right last box guys. Good luck everybody How much I pay attention Huh put three South Frelik autos in this box Imagine Leave me alone, dude I don't think I got another second cut either There it is Is it dolly think I think so Uh, is it the first one six? If it's the first one then 10 10, but it'll probably be a little bit uh A little bit later than that would be my guess. We're a little behind unless we catch up on time Do you fix it? I just yeah Oh, yeah, gotcha gotcha gotcha. Thank you Right deep in another gold's coming up here gold of Nelson Velasquez 10 out of 50 going to the Cubs Cubby nice one there Refractor calls Coleman eras 42 out of 150 for the race And pager of finata. Oh, I gotta tell you about my dream at some point too. Yeah, so I was like stressed out, dude Really? Yeah Because I started like I was doing group breaks I didn't collect boxes before I said I was just like collecting cases as we were doing them And like he got to the point where I couldn't find one of the prizes like it was like one of the bowmans Uh lura that's kind of nasty Uh 50 59 out of 99 Sean was in it Luciano colin welker counter wall like um And then uh What was I going to say then like I called you in to like try to help me So then you helped me for like two minutes and then you just left like I'm done. I'm like, thanks, dude That's christian santa ana to 199 Going to the tigers Got shelling palanco going to the pirates set beer and matt veerley And then um, I had to call rich like I texted rich Apparently we started like selling shoes at one point So it was like I was like, dude, we're like I was like, I I I have to be honest Like I cannot find like 20 20 bowman draft or whatever it was And he then he sent me a picture of a like he drew of a flip flop And then he goes look where the flip flops are And I was like, I didn't know he did that.  We've got redemption of yiddie cappy nice one there for the marlins congrats miami Matt veerling jeremy painier rookie Reginald presciato Yeah A shoe guy rich does not have a shoe guy But I know All right here Awesome joe ryan to 150 We've got last auto christian santana. That is going to the tigers Reed debtmers and yada from classe. I'll do it for the break. God's do a quick recap here gold nelson valasquez cubs gold Roberto compost yiddie cappy marlins shale and polanco pirates Lou rod for the dodgers Carlos culmen are as rays le de la cruz reds wilman diaz dodgers uh dust and harris rangers coleson montgomery white socks jordan lawlor diamondbecks south frelik uh brewers jarral palmeras for the uh jacks armando cruz gnats hendry mendez uh brewers alejo lopez reds christian hernandez cubs lou rod for the uh Uh dodgers yosfar garcia fillies christian santana, uh tigers christian Santana base tigers. We had a germy peña 10 out of 25 Then we had this brace harper 20 out of 25 on the bowman tech auto Congrats on that again ken That'll do it for the break everyone. Thanks again for the fill next up. We've got 10 bucks Tuesday baseball


And our heart is to host the Holy Spirit and to continue to invite Him that as we sense the spring rain, we lean in and we say, Lord, we know that there's more. I want to invite you to reflect with me this morning as we think back even up to the last week, some of the prayer sets you've been to, some of the people that you've witnessed to are prayed for. We've seen so many people come to Christ for the first time, so many come back to Christ over this last week, even last night seen deliverance and healings. So I want to take a moment, just think back over this last week, and let's begin to thank God for the many ways that He's shown up in our midst. Before we ask Him for anything else, let's bring our thanksgiving to Him in Psalm 95. Verse 2, it says, let us come into His presence with thanksgiving. Psalm 95, verse 2, let us come into His presence with thanksgiving. And let us make a joyful noise to Him with songs of praise. So God, right now, we just turn our heart in recollection of what you've been doing, of how you've been pouring out your spirit across college campuses right here in Kalamazoo, right here even in the prayer room, God. We thank you, Lord. We say thank you, God, for sovereignly pouring out your spirit. Lord, we say thank you for the salvation and the healing and the deliverance. God, we say thank you for the renewed passion for first love. Lord, we say thank you that you're moving your ministry forward right now in this hour. Lord, we thank you that you're bringing your kingdom come and your will be done in this hour in a special way. Lord, we just say thank you. God, thank you for your holy visitation upon your people. Thank you for pouring out your spirit, God. We know that you have more in mind, but we just pause to say thank you. Thank you, Jesus. Let's just take a moment each one of us and just thank Him. Think of something specific that you've seen even over the last week and turn it into thanksgiving to Him. Thank you that you've done, you've done. Thank you, God, that your eyes on this generation. Let's say thank you. Thank you, God, for stepping into this moment in history, and in time, and in the hearts of the next generation, bringing fresh revelation of who you are, and reminding the world who looks from the outside in that you are alive. We're at work that you have not forgotten your people. Lord, that you have plans. Lord, that you reign on high. That you are the only God among all other gods. You're the one among every graven image. You're the only one that's worthy of worship.  Thank you that you did not overlook one generation, but you have come to each one, Lord, in special and memorable and powerful ways, Lord. We say thank you. What we've seen now, Lord, we say thank you. God, your works are marvelous, and we know that full well.  We thank you for the return of prodigals. God, we thank you for the work of salvation in the hearts of the lost. God, we thank you for the praise in the streets of the city, in the cities all across the U.S. God, we thank you. And as you've inspired prayer in the house, Lord, we're seeing prayer. We say thank you, God. From this place of gratitude this morning, I wanna turn our eyes to Psalm 96 and just reflect on the holiness and the worthiness of God together this morning. Psalm 96 says, oh, sing to the Lord a new song. Sing to the Lord all the earth. Sing to the Lord and bless his name and tell of his salvation from day to day and declare his glory among the nations, his marvelous works among all the peoples. For great is the Lord and greatly to be praised. He is to be feared above all gods. For the gods of the people are worthless idols, but the Lord made the heavens. Splendor and majesty are before him. Strength and beauty are in his sanctuary. Just wanna read that again.  Starting in verse four, for great is the Lord and greatly to be praised. And he is to be feared above all gods. For all the gods of the peoples are worthless idols, but the Lord made the heavens. And splendor and majesty are before him. And strength and beauty are in his sanctuary. Do to your name. It's due to your name. It's due to your name. Verse six, verse seven, says ascribe to the Lord, oh, families of the, ascribe to the Lord glory and strength. Ascribe to the Lord the glory, do his name. Bring an offering and come into his courts. Worship the Lord in the splendor of his holiness. Tremble before him, all the earth. The Lord of families of the peoples. Ascribe to the Lord the glory and strength. Ascribe to the Lord the glory, do his name. And bring an offering and come into his courts. And worship the Lord in the splendor and before him. I feel like there's something special on that song this morning. Just an awareness of his holiness. I wanna go back into it. I wanna read Psalm 97 now. The Lord reigns, let the earth rejoice. Let the many coastlands be glad. Clouds and thick darkness are all around him.  Fire goes before him and consumes his foes on every side. His lightnings light up the world. The earth sees and trembles and the mountains melt like wax before the Lord. Before the Lord of all the earth. The heavens proclaim his righteousness. And all peoples will see his glory. Lord, we send you in the holiness of your presence, right? Lord, it's not something we take for granted. It's not something we feel deserving of apart from your blood that's cleansed us. Lord, we couldn't approach you but God, you've made a way. You cleanse us, Lord. We were once far off, but now, Lord, you've made it possible for us to be near. Lord, for us to enter into the holy of holies. Lord, you've opened a way, body on the cross. Lord, you tore the veil and gave access, Lord, to the holiness of your presence. Where once man could not tread, now, Lord, you're seeking to pour out your holiness on a land that needs you. On a people that needs you and on a generation that needs you. And Lord, we don't take it for granted.  But Lord, we adjust everything right now in your presence. And we say, Lord, we worship you in your holiness.   And your work are mighty. God, no one can stay your hand. Lord, when you've determined an action, you follow it through.   When you decide to fling open the gates and say, enter the king of glory. No one can stop your hand. Lord, when you determine the day and the hour for your glory to be revealed in a city and in a nation, no one can stop your hand. We say, holy are you, God. There is no one like you. No one can approach you and tell you what to do.  Pointed time for outpouring in the land. Robert and Joyce, we agree with your determination. This is not to be ignored, God. The work of your mighty hand across this nation. Have your way. God, reveal your holiness. God, reveal your Christ. Reveal the glory of the one whose face shines like the sun. Every darkness, God, right now. Now, we say, God, captivate the cities across this nation with a gaze. And they're just looking at his eyes right now. Just gaze with your eyes and pray. Release prophetic prayers right now over your home. To the city, God. To roll into the homes and into the schools and into the colleges, Lord. Revelation of who you are, who is God. He's the holy one. He's the holy one.  You're the one who causes the earth to quake. When we exalt you at your footstool and we say you are holy. Psalm 99, verse five, exalt the Lord our God and worship at his footstool. Holy is he. Holy are you, God. Lord, we long, we long for your holiness to roll into our cities and into our workplaces. God, we long to host your holiness, God. You can have your way, even in cities. Or too long has darkness held on holds over people and places. Or but your holiness breaks the power of the evil one. Your presence breaks the power of every evil. Lord, we ask you to roll into our schools and our cities, God. Holy presence of God, come. Lord, would you come? Clouds and thick darkness surrounds you, God. Would you come? The darkness of this age has no hold, God.  Even nations to tremble, cities to tremble and people to tremble. God, as the church, we get low so you can. Lord, with a prophetic imagination, we long to see your presence poured out. And as you're doing it now, Lord, we ask you for more. We ask you for revelation of Jesus in your holiness and in your glory. The argument is gonna win against the revelation of your glory. No demonic power is gonna win against the revelation of your holiness and your glory. God, we say release revelation. Imagination, we see students in our schools and college campuses kneeling right now. The weight of your glory and the weight of your holiness. God, repenting to the repentance of sin. Lord, we see you sweeping across the land with repentance, God. Do you restore in a generation? We know it's your desire. We say, have your way, God. Have your way, God. And continue just praying and leaning into the holiness in the room. Those of you that are joining us online for we invite you to come down to the prayer and then this weekend, make sure you're at one of the locations. Richland Portage are right here and the prayer prioritize everything in your schedule. Come, these are important times to come and meet God together. Hear what God is doing. And then I want to remind you there's a special United service Sunday evening at six o'clock at the Richland location. Make sure you're there, bring your friends. It's gonna be centered around the presence of God. Testimonies and what God's doing in this hour. I love you. We'll see you guys soon.