So our next session will talk about, excuse me, could you either take your seat or your conversation outside? So our next session is, is putting the modern Thai politics into historical context. It's an honor to welcome Dr. Titinan Pong-Sutirak to Washington. I think most of you know him, he's a very widely quoted, he is a professor at Tula Longkorn University, and he also heads up the Institute of Security and International Studies, one of Thailand's premier think tanks. So Titinan is going to give a brief overview of the situation, and we'll have a brief time also for crossing an answer. Thank you. Thank you, Maureen. Good morning, everyone. It's not very long time, I taught a course, the whole course on Thailand, Thailand's crisis, right, for 14 weeks, well almost four months. But for Washington it's maybe sufficient, 15 minutes. I think we have, we've heard the senior officials, they've laid out the Thailand's significance, importance in the Thai-U.S. relationship, Thailand's role in the region and so on. It reflects, you know, the kind of frustration of our partners and friends. Thailand's very lucky, we have many, many friends in the world. I think the world just wants to see Thailand get over this hump and move on. And being in this hump, being stuck like this means that the region cannot fire on all cylinders. We have been kind of the laggard, constraining many of the endeavors in the region, you know, regional architecture, building and so on. So this is a crisis that we have to get used to in Thailand. The Thai's, you know, it's very, it's depressing for me because so much can be done. You know, Thailand is underperforming in some ways, non-performing. So I think we have to kind of brace ourselves for some more time of this crisis and polarization. It's been almost 10 years and I think it could last another 10 years. Now that's not very robust, sanguine outlook, but I think it's something that's realistic. Now on autopilot, the country does well. You know, this is a country that has suffered a lot in 10, you know, 10 years. How can you have an economy that still grows low rate now, but still is not in a contraction? And if you go to the malls and the restaurants in Bangkok, still very busy bustling. The airport is crowded. So the autopilot is very strong. The fundamentals in Thailand are strong. The shock absorbers are strong. This time I think that the shock absorbers are being exhausted. And so I have just a few points to say. First, you know, this is the first time in a very long time that the usual back stops and shock absorbers in Thailand are not working. So the big question that I've been asked many times is that is this crisis any different than before? Thailand is full of crises. We've had a coup attempt every 4.3 years, right? It's a topsy-turvy place for diplomats, for business people, investors, for academics. So many people have become accustomed to the topsy-turvy Thailand. It goes up and down, but eventually it regains a balance somehow. There are some kind of back stops that we are accustomed to, used to seeing. But now we're seeing a different kind of crisis that the back stops don't work anymore. So the first thing I want to address is that normally, you know, the back stops don't work anymore. Normally we would have a new kind of recalibration settlement by now. We had a coup in September 2006, and a new constitution in 2007, leading to an election in December 2007. But since then, you know, we've had more elections, no coup since then. But the place is still very unwieldy and ruley. Unlike the past, normally a military coup in Thailand is a reset. You press a button, kind of reset. And then things kind of gel, and they work again until you have another build-up to another kind of crisis. And then a reset, a military coup. Now this time, that's not working. The military coup, in fact, it has led to the same kind of government, which has been kicked out and got the governments of Taksin Chinawat and his party machine, and they've been kicked out. But they keep coming back. They keep coming back. So this is a different time. This is a different crisis. You know the narrative, the timeline. Taksin came in 2001. Actually back then he was very popular to all sides. But then after the re-election landslide in 2005, his ego and hubris got the better of him. He stopped being differential to key people in Thailand. In Thailand we have a kind of a sophisticated, subtle hierarchy, and you know your place. And you don't try to exceed or overreach. He did that. And that led to friction and conflict and eventually paved the way for the military coup in 2006. The difference with Taksin is that he was ousted, exiled. But he didn't go away, unlike the others before. So in a historical frame, this is not the first time we're seeing this. I would like to cast this in two directions. This is a crisis of a democracy, but also challenges that are besetting or facing the monarchy. Somehow Thailand has to find a new balance, a recalibration between an electoral democracy that has its shortcomings, defects, has been abused, manipulated by the Taksin party machine and so on. But at the same time, the monarchy-centered hierarchy also has to make some adjustments. So if you see signs of this recalibration and adjustments making peace and trying to regain a new balance, then those would be good signs. If you see what you're seeing in the streets of Bangkok, in the government house of Bangkok as of the last two days, then those are not good signs. It means that both sides are dug in for a long fight. This is not the first time that we're seeing this kind of unsettled Thailand. The last, the different junctures, I'll just mention three, 100 years ago, this is a century-long crisis. Before the Constitution in Thailand was introduced, 1912 to 1932, there was a series of rebellion. Very unsteady place. Rebellions were suppressed, but no concessions, no adjustments. So eventually, the system couldn't last, and in 1932, a group of young bureaucrats and military officers took power, seized power and abolished absolute monarchy, introduced the Constitution. And then the place was very topsy-turvy in the 30s through World War II until 1958, when they outright very entrenched and firm, harsh military dictatorship took hold. And that cleared a slate for 25 years of military dictatorship. During that time, Thailand, you know, the dictatorship years did two great things for Thailand, kept communism away, enabled economic development, working with technocrats and so on. And that military dictatorship period was built around the monarchy, bureaucracy, the military, through the Cold War. Very important. I think the independent variables here, the international environment has changed. And we've heard, you know, military coups no longer accepted or acceptable. Economic development meant that people have more education, more information and so on. So they are more awakened, more politically conscious. They want more. They have more expectations, more demands. And then after the dictatorship, you had student uprisings, and you know, the most comparable period now and in the past is the mid-1970s. In the mid-1970s, very unstable, volatile, violent assassinations, protests, all kinds of protests on a daily basis. And you know, bombings, shootings, and elections that led to nowhere. At that time, there was communism to unite the various forces in Thailand on the right. And then, you know, they retook power. Had a military coup in October 1976, October 1976. Very harsh coup, including, you know, shootings of students and so on. That clear slate, it settled the place, it settled the place. And then up and down, up and down until the 1980s, we had General Prime Minister, kind of a compromise, halfway compromise, Prime Minister from the army. But political parties, politicians can have elections and can have some cabinet portfolios. They can have their graph, their corruption, their projects and commissions. But finance, defense, finance, defense, interior, foreign affairs were controlled by the General Prime Minister, and he appointed the technocrats. So that was a good kind of halfway compromise at that time in a semi-democratic arrangement. The second most comparable juncture is the late 1980s, when we had the government of Chachai, 2001, had the election in July 1988. And General Prime said, no more, I've had enough of the politicians and the squabbling and the corruption and so on. So he said, goodbye. General Chachai took power. And you know, many of the ideas that we're seeing that under taxing, there's some continuity with the Chachai period. You can see that they want to make Thailand as the vortex of mainland Southeast Asia, around Indochina, and now at Myanmar's opening, and then to use the mainland Southeast Asia to leverage for the Asian landmass and beyond. This is a kind of a vision they had, and they had the same advisors. Chachai's advisors eventually were holdovers at work for taxing in the 2000s, early 2000s. That period is comparable because it was beset by corruption and graph. Obviously the corruption, they had a nickname for it, it was a buffet cabinet. You can pick and choose. Your corruption, your commissions, which projects you want to tap into. And it of course led to loss of legitimacy and a military coup in February 1991. Similar to the way taxing was kicked out, corruption was a key issue. There was also complaints about usurpation, disrespect for the crown, manipulation of bureaucracy, transferring senior officials and so on. And parliamentary dictatorship was another accusation at that time. The reset worked again. Our reset is military coup, constitution, election, corrupt government, military coup. It worked in 1991, 1992, had an online government, technocratic government did a lot of things, including the taxis that you see in Bangkok, media taxis, VAT, tax and so on. And then we had a new constitution, a real reform, the new constitution. 1997 constitution led to eventually election in 2001. And this is where we've been stuck. So the last 14 years, Thailand has this dilemma. You have a winning party that gets kicked out 2001, taxing one almost as an overall majority, 2005, huge re-election landslide, became the first prime minister to complete a full term, first to have a one-party government. And this is quite a phenomenon at that time. And very popular on the policy side, had this death suspension, microcredit scheme, cheap healthcare, captivated the imagination, captured hearts and minds. 2005, his ego got the better of him and became kind of overreached. After the coup, but this coup this time, 2006, didn't solve the problem. First because taxing kept winning. So we have the problem of the winner gets kicked out, but the electoral losers, they put in, but they can't win the election. So here again, time and again, we're seeing winners are not allowed to rule. Those who ruled can't win elections. And I always say that if the Democrats can win the election, this will be the end of the crisis. But I can go a long time, not enough time for the Democrats, because they have a lot to answer for. So this is the two main junctures. The place is a topsy-turvy, and it gets to a point, then some settlement. And then clear slate, and it gets topsy-turvy again, some settlement. Clear slate, topsy-turvy, reset, most comparable. October 1976, it was kind of a backlash, reactionary backlash. And now we're seeing a kind of a sophisticated nuance backlash as well. The conservative movement that we're seeing with the protesters in Bangkok and so on, they want to go back to the past more than go into the future. They see the future of electoral democracy has been abused.  It lacks more authority, doesn't have any integrity. So they want to have an appointed government. That's what they're calling for in Bangkok now. The other side, electoral democracy is the only way, cannot be denied. We need elections, we cannot run Thailand without elections.  That electoral democracy, of course, has its shortcomings. And it is manipulated by the Taksin side. So that's the dilemma between the two sides. Somehow, if they can come to terms and electoral democracy, I think in my outlook, you need democracy that doesn't just end with elections. You need deepening institutionalization. Our legislature is very weak. You need more accountability and so on. But the answer is not to deny popular mandate and not allow elections and not allow the winners to rule. So that's on the democracy side, drawing from the past. It's 100 years since the Constitution was introduced. And we're still working on constitutionalism in Thailand. Now on the monarchy side, there are some challenges. The protesters today, they want to have a royally appointed unelected government. They want to draw on the moral authority of his Majesty the King. The monarchy, his Majesty the King, has been on the throne for 68 years, long time. Thailand has never known anything different. I think almost just about every Thai person who's alive has grown up under this rain. It's been a glorious rain. But like US-Tai relations, like many other systems and things, times change. And unless you change with the times and make adaptations and some concessions, there will be a lot of friction. So the comparable period that I can, you know, different junctures. But I would point out the reigns of King Rama II, King Rama III, and fourth. And that's a long time ago. But the reference point, in fact, is you're President Jackson. You know, in 1833, Thailand had King Rama III. But before King Rama III came to the throne, King Rama II, days before he passed away, and I think that he, you know, he had a sense that his days were numbered, he told his eldest son, King Mongkut from the King and I, to go be a monk. The reason being that a white elephant had died. It was a bad woman for the nation. And being a monk would make merit and it would be good for the nation. So King Mongkut went to be a monk for 27 years. His brother, from a concubine, not from the chief queen. King Mongkut was from the chief queen. So Prince Mongkut went to be a monk. King Rama III was 21 years older. This is 1824. So he ascended the throne. And he was seen as a technocrat, accepted by the court. The accession council chose him. He had all the right-making, he had experience. He always saw the economy. So he had legitimacy. So he was king for 27 years until he passed away. And then Prince Mongkut, who had been ordained as a monk, you know, he got out of the Mongkut and became king for 17 years. And we know about that because of the King and I story. And then it led to King Rama V. But we had two kings at that time. During the King Mongkut era, his brother was also seen as a technocrat prepared for the throne. But, you know, he's not in line. So King Mongkut appointed Prince Bin Glau. So he became king as well, has equal status. And you know that he was very prominent because in the official, his official name in Thai is about three lines. You know, we have this Pali-based language. When you have a very long name like that, you're the king. Or you're the monk, you know. So he had equal status. But the first among between the two equals was King Mongkut. Now, this period, we are seeing a lot of tensions in Thailand. And I think that we still have some obstacles, some kind of catharsis transformation that we're going through. And the overarching frame and dynamics, I think, have to do with the royal succession. And, you know, behind the scenes, and many people will notice without saying it, the question becomes, you know, who's going to be the next king? And I would like to say that it doesn't have to be a zero-sum game. If it becomes a zero-sum game, then we have problems. So that's the first thing that we need to do in Thailand, not to see this as a zero-sum game of the next monarch. And then after that, we will have to recalibrate monarchy and democracy and the constitutional rule so that democracy is not easily abused, manipulated by the likes of Taksin. At the same time, the monarchy has to be framed, reframed within the Constitution. And if we can do that, if you see signs of that, that means that Thailand is going in the right direction. I hope it will not take too long, because the longer it takes, the cost and pain and grief that we are seeing and feeling. And we need all the friends in the world. We could have this seminar in European capitals, in Asian capitals. And I think we have such international goodwill. Even the Cambodians want the ties to get on. Myanmar says, they're worried. They want to see the solutions. So the international goodwill is there. We're lucky that there are no regional meddlers, unlike Ukraine, Syria, and so on. And no regional power is trying to meddle and influence what's happening inside. In fact, it's the opposite. Everybody is so flustered. They say, the ties just go solve the problem and we'll stay here. But they want to do something. So there's a risk here of trying to do too much. I think the best thing that the international community can do is setting parameters. And they've done that. We've heard from the two senior officials that military coup is not good. Constitutional rule, democratic process, and things like that, no violence. So those are clear parameters. And they make a big difference. That's why we haven't had a coup in Thailand. They make a big difference. So in Thailand, going forward, we'll see in a near term one of three things will happen. Either there will be a military coup, it looks unlikely. I think the military would not take, they will not do the heavy lifting the way that they used to. If you get rid of the government, OK, you change the government, they will enforce it for you. But they won't go and change the government for you. So if not that, then we'll have a royally appointed government based on Article 7 that the protesters are calling for. If not that, then we'll have election in July, planned for July 20th. And I do hope that July 20th doesn't look like that long. But in Thailand, every day is a long time now, especially in Bangkok. So if you can get there somehow with all players in and try to kind of have a stop gap, ad hoc, interim elected government, some reforms in place so that all can rejoin and reenter, then we might just navigate a way out of this murky environment and the brink of the abyss. Thank you. Thanks, Dr. Titton, and that was a great overview of how Thailand got where it is today and some ideas of how it might move to the future. The floor is open for some questions. In the back, please. Please identify yourself. Wait for a mic. Thanks. Good morning. My name is Heruam from SICE. Thank you, Chantitianan, for a very comprehensive approach and introductory remarks on the political history of Thailand. The funny thing about this crisis, the course that you just mentioned that you didn't get to do an exam afterwards, instead you get to ask you questions. And my questions related to your presentations, the fact that in the three comparable, two comparable crisis, and then the history of Thailand that you mentioned, the one in the 70s and the one in the 1990s, I think in my opinion, the key distinction between the previous two and the last one is the decisiveness of the royal intervention. In 2006, the king did not have a very resolute, so-called statement given to resolve the crisis, Mr. Vinyan, the way that the military coup function, as you mentioned earlier, is said by him. What the king did at the time, if I recall correctly, was to give more emphasis on the constitutional ruling when he appointed the constitutional court. And my questions related to how do you see the neutrality of the constitutional court in Thailand throughout this crisis in 2016 and in the past eight years in trying to uphold the message given by the king at the time? And how then is there any possibility that Thailand could go back to the 1997 constitution, which dubbed as the most democratically constitution in the country throughout the years? Thank you. Thank you, Heru. Side student interned with me at ISIS in Bangkok. Good question. 2014, similar to 2006. It's a murky year. No settlement, very unwieldy, unruly. Things have been very volatile day to day, week to week. In April of 2006, he smashes the king, gave some remarks to the judges, saying that at that time we had an intractable crisis. The election commissioners were answerable to taxing. The election was boycotted by the Democrat Party and the first boycott. And then the results were illegitimate and there was some cheating and fraud and so on. So no way out. They scheduled another election for October. But his majesty said, one party election cannot be democratic. And it was the duty of the judges to navigate a way out of this crisis. Since then, we have seen very politically assertive judiciary and the judiciary in Thailand has set political directions and they continue to do so. And the way you do it is you just rule against the ruling parties, the sitting government. You can disqualify the sitting prime minister for a cooking show that he accepted some small honorarium or disqualify Ying Lak for nepotism. So we're seeing more and more of this. And a long-term risk for us here is that the judiciary now has lost some credibility, has been compromised and I think many people will concede to that even supporters of the judiciary. But they see as the end justifying the means. The only way to get rid of the taxing party machine then you have to do what's necessary. It's coming at a very high cost and a long-term we need to restore that credibility. Otherwise, my worst fear is that Thailand has no backstop left. Once you have no institutional pillars to rely on, you need to rely on something. Otherwise, every man for himself. So that's a long-term danger for us. The anti-taxing backlash was so strong but I think the pendulum has swung too far. So let's hope that we can do that. Any questions? Hi, Elizabeth Becker, Simon and Schuster. Thank you for a wonderful presentation and certainly I feel I have a better understanding of what's going on in Bangkok. The one piece I'd also like you to comment on is the rural voice that was so strong pro-toxin and how your various scenarios will play with the rural vote. Thank you. Thank you. I encourage you to listen to the following panel and other experts who will speak also on the rural electorate. The understanding that we have that is portrayed is that the north and northeast, they comprise more than half of the electorate and they have been voting for taxis and parties all these years and to a large extent it's true. I mean, the numbers show it when they vote but it's not the stereotypical kind of farmers versus the urbanites and so on. There's no more, I think that there are very few stereotypical, prototypical farmer, the village farmer left in the villages. I mean, they have motorcycles, they have refrigerators, they actually are very modernized and mechanized. So they have been supportive of taxing, yes, north and northeast, but he's lost some support too. In February 2nd election, the taxing populist magic has worn off considerably. The first generation populism, the suspension microcredit, Village Fund, cheap healthcare, that just captured hearts and minds. But after a while he came up with rice fetching, the second generation and it's a disaster. Some farmers haven't received the money they've been told they would and the fiscal losses are just accumulating. So the first car policy, this is the idea, you just first car, first home, handouts and subsidies, giveaways and this time after a decade it doesn't feel so innovative, imaginative, it's just to win the vote. I think that a lot of people are feeling that way in the countryside, in the rural electorate. So if you were to hold election today, last one we had on February 2nd, the turnouts were lower. The Democrats boycott it so we will never really know the results and how it could have gone, but the Democrats could have gained some ground. And the third parties, third, fourth and fifth parties could have gained some ground to dilute the juggernaut party machine that taxing has. And I think now the time is better than ever to try to win at the polls and that is really the best way, the only way, sustainable way to beat taxing is to beat him at his game at the polls. Unfortunately the tyranny of the clock keeps ticking. So we're gonna take a short break now and then we'll return with another session that's gonna talk about that as Dr. Tittanon already said, how the crisis will shape the future political order. Dr. Tittanon thank you very much, it was great. Thank you.


The work of the Center has profoundly impacted the way I think about projects in two distinctly different ways. First of all, it's forced me to address projects that I otherwise wouldn't have thought about. But more significantly than that, the process of working in an interdisciplinary perspective causes one to reflect on your own narrow tradition in a much broader analytic way. The best example of internal change in my own thinking occurred in the course of the article on proselytism, where the perspective of the Jewish tradition on proselytism changes how it's thought about when you compare it to other religions. It looks differently and behaves substantively differently than the other two religions we compare it to, and asking why is the Jewish tradition different is not a question the Jewish tradition would ask in a vacuum. In a vacuum, the tradition assumes it's perfectly normal because it's the center of its own conversation. The center works differently because it's in a law school than, let's say, a department of religion. In a law school, we all teach an illegal tradition that we believe in. So law schools are used to the notion that I teach something that I actually believe in. When you step into, for example, a department of religion, it's much more common to find that everybody in a department of religion works in the faith that they don't, in fact, believe in, and they're distant from it. Precisely because we are located in a law school where the antitrust lawyer believes in American antitrust law and the administrative lawyer believes in administrative law and the feminist legal theory person believes in feminist legal theory the notion that the Jewish law professor professes faith in Jewish law is perfectly normal. In a department of religion, it's not unusual to find somebody working in Hindu studies who's Catholic or Catholic studies who's Hindu. But in a law school environment, it would be very unusual to find somebody who's an avowed Cuban Marxist teaching American antitrust law or an avowed American antitrust law lawyer teaching Cuban Marxism. People in law schools believe what they teach in. So I think it is relevant. I think it's one of the reasons why we are both successful and unique. There are some fields where we simply dominated the scholarship of the field like proselytism or religious human rights, where by dint of the fact that we've undertaken to examine an area in the systemic, unique and complete way that our success has caused many other law schools to enter this field. So what used to be a desert has become a blossoming field where we are not alone. We've built a vision of the study of religion outside of the department of religion. And that too is a trend-setting activity. We are not narrow historians looking incessantly and uniquely backwards. We are this unique blend of lawyers working in the field of religion who look backwards in order to look forwards and that we are attempting not to map out the past but to predict the future. As each of us has become successful scholars, each of us has stepped forward into the limelight in various different ways. And this is a tribute to the center and its support staff and the structure that John has built that allows us each to both contribute to the whole and do our own thing. And some of us have an agenda that's very public. Some of us have an agenda that's less public. But all of us hope that our scholarship impacts on the world around us. And we're not simply building castles in the air that only we care about for sure. I don't think you could reasonably describe us as conservative or liberal or reform or traditional. Each of us has our own agenda which the center facilitates. But I don't think the center has an agenda. I believe over the next ten years issues of family, whether it's marriage, divorce and children and sexuality will be front and center in the interplay between law and religion in the United States. And that this is a central issue that our secular society needs to come to grips with. I think the center should work on two additional short term projects. One of which is religious perspectives on military ethics or war. And the second I think is more tightly addressing freedom of religion in the United States. We've never focused most intensely on the bread and butter First Amendment issues. And more focus on the bread and butter First Amendment issues of which John is really an expert in. But he's a reticent expert who loaths to speak publicly about it. Would be good for the center and will keep the agenda relevant. To me one of the most prized events of the program was Hal Berman's 80th birthday. Because it was an opportunity to both mark somebody's scholarship and analyze it as only we do and reflect on it while not forgetting where we come from. To a great extent Hal Berman is the father of this program. Although he never served as the director of the law and religion program, his presence created this program. And the events surrounding his 80th birthday were a quite remarkable series of events. And the scholarship that was generated from it was a quite remarkable series of scholarships. Before I came to Emory I had done some work on a piece of scholarship that Hal Berman had worked on in 1946. He wrote a piece. And here I found myself in the year 2002 writing on a piece that Hal Berman had written on as a law student at Yale Law School. And just reflecting on the chain that produces these kinds of events caused me to realize how successful a program we are. Hal Berman writes an article in the Yale Law Journal in 1946. And 55 years later I'm writing a Jewish gloss on something he wrote that neither he or I would have ever imagined we would be colleagues engaging in this activity.


What's good, Josh, you brought us back again with another video. So, man, the wrestling world, the wrestling news, especially in WWE right now has gone crazy. We just talked about Monday Night Raw moving exclusively to streaming on on the Netflix platform. And now we got to talk about the rock and what just happened here. The rock appointed to UFC WWE's TKO Group Board of Directors. This is truly insane. The rock is my bag. I got to pull up the article. You guys can't even see what I'm talking about. It's on a ESPN right now. The rock is going to need some new custom business suits for his well muscled six foot five frame. Okay, all right, the glazing is already at maximum right now. Duane Johnson, the actor, former WWE star and most followed American man on social media platforms in the world was appointed Tuesday to the board of directors of TKO Group publicly traded company consisting of UFC and WWE. Johnson is one of the most well known wrestlers ever to come out of WWE winning the promotion's championship eight times. In addition to his appointment, Johnson, who's 51 years old, has been granted full ownership of the rock trademark, which is a very big deal for him. That is awesome, which has been owned by WWE. And Johnson has signed a new service and merchandise merchandising agreement with WWE that provides for his promotional licensing and other services per release. Being on the TKO board of directors and taking full ownership of my name, the rock is not only unprecedented, but incredibly inspiring. My crazy life is coming full circle. Johnson said in a statement at my core, I am a builder who builds for the services and serves the people and TKO CEO Ari Emanuel in building something truly game changing. I'm very motivated to help continue to globally globally expand our TKO, WWE and UFC businesses as the worldwide leaders in sports and entertainment while probably representing so many phenomenal athletes and performers who show up every day, putting in hard work with their own two hands to make their dreams come true and deliver for our audiences. I've been there. I'm still there. And this is for them early this morning, early this month. Johnson teased a potential match with his own with his cousin for the WWE Universal Championship. Roman Reigns in an appearance on WWE Raw. The match could happen at WrestleMania 40 in April. If it comes in to fruition, it would be Johnson's first proper wrestling match in 2013 since his time in W in WWE. He's been busy, whether it's be with his TV and film studio, seven bucks, bucks production or Tamana Tequila or Zoa Energy or Project Rock, the under armor apparel line that has a deal with the UFC for Fighters Fight Week foot footwear. Johnson is also a partner in the recently merged United Football League. Despite all his ventures, Johnson has stayed connected to TKO's properties. He will start as a MMA legend in a UFC veteran, Mark Kerr in an upcoming movie. And he is and he is a vocal fan of the UFC. Johnson is a longtime friend of WWE president, Nick Khan. And I don't know how to pronounce that. I'm not even going to do that. Nick's sister, Nick Khan's sister. I'm not knocking a butcher that y'all was the creator and executive producer of a Johnson's show, The Young Rock. Very few people on the planet understand the convergence of sports, entertainment, media and business like the Rock. TKO Executive Chairman Vince McMahon said in a statement, we are proud to have him join the TKO board to help our company to new heights. The Rock name comes from Johnson's original name in WWE Rocky Maivia, which was a tribute to his family. Johnson is a third generation professional wrestler. His grandfather was High Chief Peter Maivia and his father was Rocky Johnson, who was the first black champion in WWE history. Went into tag titles with Tony Atlas. Both are in a WWE Hall of Fame. My grandfather, High Chief Peter Maivia and my dad, Rocky Soulman Johnson would have never thought this day would come. Johnson said in a statement, which is why I am very humble to have a seat at the table that has decades of history and family legacy for me, a table that my family helped build, helped to build the TKO groups board will expand to 13 people with the appointment of Johnson and Brad Keywell, the CEO of artificial intelligence company uptake technologies. Man. Well, it's official. Yeah, he yeah, Cody story is done. It's over. I just seen a clip. Somebody sent it to me. I don't know if it was today. Actually, um, I'm actually go to Twitter. I'm gonna do this right now live for you guys because I want y'all to see this. All right, y'all. So I was able to find the tweet. Um, I don't know what happened to it. I noticed one of you guys had tagged me on Twitter, but I actually was able to find the tweet of the Rock on first take, you know, him talking about him being on a board direct, a board of directors of TKO or whatnot. But I, we had, I had to show y'all this clip of what he actually said on the show with some of what he said. And yeah, it's one of those things where this all but confirms. I think to Cody story is essentially it's it's it's over. Hold on y'all y'all y'all just just watch this. Let me full screen this for y'all, man. Just listen to what he has to say. And I mean, I like to build and this is something like this. What this is if myself and Roman Reigns were to main event, WrestleMania, and I mean this very respectfully of all the WrestleMania is prior because I grew up in this business and I love it. We could possibly put on with us as a main event and this incredible group of men and women. Who are these incredible performers? We could possibly put on the greatest and the biggest WrestleMania of all time. So you're saying there's a chance. There's a there's a change. There's a chance saying there's more than chance. You know, but I love this business. I love pro wrestling. I love WWE. But I also I have this deep passion to grow it and to build it and well, yeah, that you heard it. You heard it from the Rock himself. Him being on the board of directors. Now, here's the thing. That may not happen this year. And I know he has teased it. He's he's alluded to it. But I don't know, bro. I don't know you. Honestly, I just don't see Cody finishing his story this year. I just don't unless they pull an audible and have them do it next year after he drops the title this year. Cool. But I think I think Cody's story is done, bro. I would be I'm actually I would be surprised if he actually main events WrestleMania this year with with Roman. If Cody is actually in the main event with Roman again, I would be completely surprised. But with the Rock being one of the shareholders now with him being on the like, you know, being on the board of not shareholders. I'm sure he probably does have some share in WWE and the TKO merger. But with him being on the board of directors now with him now having full control and licensing of his name. He owns his name now the Rock. Well, you know, you know what WWE gave him. He owns that now. Yeah, bro. I think Cody's story is done. It's over. If you don't, I would be surprised if it happens this year, but I do think it's over the Rock. He is put himself above like you when we was talking about the article and he's talking about he's sitting at a table like that. He is essentially if you want to be technically honest, he is truly proven now that he is at the head of the table. He's sitting at the top with the board of directors. He's truly he's truly at the head of the table now and they could spin this into a story. He is the table and he's at the head of the table. He's he's jumped over Roman in this sense. So I don't know what's going to happen. Comment down below. Let me know. What y'all think about the Rock joining, you know, partnering and joining TKO, the TKO WWE merger and and being able to own his own name now. And and what does that mean for WWE as a whole with him being on the board of directors? What let me know how y'all feel about the Rock now being in that position in his life. Man, this is I think it's going to be a good thing. I think it's going to be a bad thing. And also how do y'all feel about Cody's chances of finishing the story now that the Rock is at this such elevated place in WWE now. But I appreciate all of the support that's shown on channel. Road to 152 and I'm still getting speedy to the rest of the world. Appreciate you kicking me. See y'all next week. Peace.


Welcome folks, this is Tom O'Brien of TFNN. We have five days a week, we go seven hours a day, we go 24 hours a day on the internet at tfnn.com. Always remember folks, whatever you think about, you bring about whatever. You focus on growth, hope everyone's having a great day, safe day, let's make it a great week folks. Don't make assumptions, learn to ask questions. It's always better to ask questions than to make assumptions. Have the courage to ask questions into you as clear as you can be. Once you hear the answer to that question, you won't have to make the assumption because you will know the truth. Nugget wise, let's take a look at it out here. We have the Dow Industrial's up 15, Nasdaq up five and a half, S&P's up four and a half. Gold, gold contract down $3.20 straightened at 18.51 an ounce. We have silver down 14 cents, $21.09 an ounce, light sweet crude up 87 cents, $80.56 a barrel, notes and bonds, a 10-year note, down two ticks, trading at a price point of 111 flat, the 30-year down seven at 124.21 and King dollar. King dollar right now trading up down 171 ticks at 104.349, the yen is trading at 136, the pound is at 102, 106 rather, and the British pound is at 120 to one US dollar. iPhone number's 877, 9276648, it was called folks, one note's going on in your world and the world of the S&P's, let's take a look at them. Can you say a setup for an ABC structure down folks? Well, that's where I'm going with this whole deal. So check it out. If we take a look at where we're going here, right? First we just do the retracement, what you're gonna see the S&P, you know, it was slightly less than a 0.618. That being said, the contraction of volume out here is pretty amazing out here today. So right now you got 51 million shares and Friday we did 90 million and you're going into 89 million. This setup here, by the way, okay, if you get an ABC down, you got a failure in price and volume out here today, this setup will bring you right down to the low swing point of this 374. That's how that's set up and that's a high volume low of 374. And I suspect what's gonna happen here is that this is gonna be all about Powell.  And what happens here, this is done once a year folks, okay, yes, the report to Congress and bottom line is that they go through a huge amount of questions and I suspect what he's gonna be talking about is that it's gonna be higher for longer and that market is gonna not dig it. We're gonna take a look at the, so that's, I put the queues up first, oh, the queues, okay, let's do the queues. So the queues, this is pretty amazing, the queues folks, they did it to the, like, right to the number, man, it did a .618. Same setup in the queues, the queues are gonna have a huge contraction of volume out here today. You give up in price, I don't expect these to come back today. Right now, you're at 42 million shares. On Friday, you did 60 million shares and you're going into 59 million shares. So bottom line, let's go into the futures and take a look at the futures and try to figure out, you know, it's not that there's a lot of down drafts out here either today. When we bring up the futures, you can kind of see what I'm talking about here. So you can see, oh, that's subtle, oh, interesting. Okay, so watch this, that being said, when I was just talking and yapping right there, what you just did have, this bar here just had an expansion of volume. The bar, as soon as I, three to three, 10. So that's gonna get back down to the number one and that's a 4051 and right now you're at 4057. Now let's go into the end queues. Take a look at the end queues. Stretch this out a little, same setup, man, same setup. So this is, you get 60 minutes to sell. This is gonna get interesting. I don't think it's gonna be a vicious pullback here. You can see what the S&P has done, the S&P's kind of gone sideways for the last 20, 30 minutes. The NASDAQ, however, basically went lower but we'll see what it shakes out. I don't expect buyers to come in, that's the real bottom line. Why?  Now what does end up happening is that the senator's first tomorrow and then the representatives will be able to ask him huge amounts of questions but most of the time what you're gonna get out of it is the first hour to hour and a half. He's gonna come in first with the whole speech, that speech will get published approximately 15 to 20 minutes before he starts the speech. Then you can expect high volatility, that's the bottom line. We go to the gold contract, we take a look at the gold contract. What you're looking at gold is that gold last week, so what we had is this, gold came off the November 8th sign of strength, okay, goes back there first, comes off there and it come off in pretty good volume. Especially the second day off it and then Friday wasn't that big. That's the real bottom line. So today out here, you get a sideways move. Now the sideways move and Loa is actually with light volume which is a bullish indication. So my take is that we're gonna actually come back down and retest that area and the reason that I'm saying that is I suspect what the retest is all about is that what we're gonna get is that this good old U.S. dollar, oh yeah, let me go to the bonds first because the bonds are the number. What the bonds had done, the 10 year had done 100% move from move. What that means is that you start out at one point, the bottom line, start out at 1108, this goes all the way back to October, goes all the way up to 116, 28, back down on Thursday to 11012 and now you get a failure in price and volume today and it's a monster, man. I mean, we had gone up to 111.17, we're at 111. You only got 1.1 million contracts. That also more than likely is setting up another ABC structure on the way down. We get over to the dollar and we take a look at the dollar. But yeah, with the dollar, that 106 to 107 is still game in spades. We've gone sideways for about 10 days right now and I think what that's gonna be all about is that the Fed's gonna, Powell's gonna say, hey, you know, inflation's lasting longer, you know, inflation's not going away, folks.  Yeah, it's not even close, man. It took us a long time to get here. It just doesn't disappear. Dow, Dow Industries right now up nine, Nasdaq is down two, S&P's up two and a half, come right back.


Welcome back to the channel. Today, I have an awesome interview for you. I brought James on the channel and he has such a cool story. He was able to actually get a job in information technology without any certificates or certifications using an iPad in two weeks. He was able to get an entry-level job and he actually got several job offers. So, James, you are kind of a bit of a legend with my circle, you know, of Josh, Troy, etc.  So, welcome to the channel. I'm super excited to bring you on and have everyone hear your story. Thanks for coming on. Thanks for having me. Thanks for having me. Awesome. So, we'll go ahead and just kind of start off at the beginning. So, maybe if you could just give us a little bit of a background about yourself and kind of tell us how you discovered IT, how you discovered that you wanted to go into information technology. Well, my background started off as a union carpenter and everything was pretty good. You know, there was a little layoffs here and there, but really, really, really took a turn. For the worst was the whole COVID pandemic situation. And it was kind of hard to like seek work because you can only have but so many men on a job site. And it's like even though COVID was over, it was kind of like still hard to find work after that.  So, I started driving for myself full-time as a medical carrier. And it was working out good for a minute, but I was on the road like a lot. Like on average, I would be driving like 12 from time 13 hours a day. I think the longest I've drove or one day is like 16 hours straight back and forth between Philly, Jersey, Delaware, Baltimore, Hershey, New York. Very, very long drives. You know, trying to hit my quota anywhere from like $200 to $300 a day. Trying to, you know, pretty much make the same that I was making from the Carpenters Union. That started slowing up when you started bringing up more people and they started doing more jobs closer to where they were. So, they wouldn't, you know, pretty much trying to keep everybody local. And it was easier on the company because they wouldn't have to pay as much for the long drives. And on top of that, you know, school year started. So, I had to take my son to school. So, I couldn't stay committed to the same schedule because I would have to pick him up at a certain time. So, I would have to be back in Philly by a certain time. I came across course careers. I was watching YouTube and anybody who knows about Anthony O'Neill. I'm trying to remember the fellow's name that he interviewed, but he ended up making a podcast called Black as New Tech. He was on Anthony O'Neill. He said he had went through course careers and he went through the sales course. And originally, when I signed up for course careers, I had went through sales as well. And some weird way I ended up clicking on the button and I seen that there was an IT course. So, I ended up switching over to the IT course and it was like significantly shorter course like with the sales courses like 144 steps and with IT course, it was like 44 steps. And because I have like somewhat knowledge of computers, not IT exactly, but like just computers in general, you know, having a computer, owning a computer, I was pretty much able to get through the course quickly, completed the course in like a week and a half. And then it took me like two weeks after that to land a job. Got it. And you said that your wife had a computer, but she was kind of busy using it for, I believe her job. And so you basically decided to just kind of like go through the course using your iPad, right? Yeah, yeah. My wife's computer is a work computer and it's like sometimes her computer would be laggy, it would be slow. And then on top of that, she was using it for her school work. So, I didn't want to like pretty much bombard her computer with what I was doing. So, I said, you know what, let me try the iPad. And I remember going into the Discord group the first time and I was like, hey, is it possible to do this course with an iPad? And I think Josh was like, I mean, we should be able to, as long as you got a keyboard, you know, to make it a little easier on you and like some type of way where you can remote into the cloud. You know, the whole pretty much all of the labs like Microsoft Azure. So little research came across RD client, which allows me to remote into Azure and didn't give me no problems at all.  Like just the regular, I think like Apple's like budget friendly iPad like the $300 iPad, 9th gen, like it wasn't even a pro or nothing like that. Just the budget friendly one. That's awesome. So that's like extremely resourceful that you were you use the remote to get into that. That's that's freaking awesome, man. So tell me about the course itself. How was your experience going through the IT course? I enjoyed it because the course to me was straight to the point. It was very, very applicable to everything I'm doing today. Like right now we had an OS ticker system. You know, you learn how to set up OS ticket. You learn about active directory. Like you had to reset a password, use an active directory. I'm actually doing it. So it was like everything that's in the course is everything that you actually will be doing connected to a VPN or just understanding the VPN. I actually connect to a VPN user for the client every day. I help other people connect to a VPN.   You know, I actually remote into people's computers every day have to remote into their computer as an admin to get them into the network from my network. If they're not working at American site where they're already on the network, something that I learned through course careers. Everything that I've learned thus far and course careers was actually readily available and applicable to a job site. You know, even down to the resume, you know, learning how to fix up your resume to the point where it is legible when it's readable, you know, by humans and by the automated systems that read resumes, the interview skills being prep know like what kind of questions you're going to be asked. Everything is just straight to the point, you know, setting up GitHub, showing your work being able to showcase the skills that you've learned. Everything is, like I said, is right out the gate, you learn all the necessary skills. Yeah, and that's kind of what like I've I've found, you know, employers at the end of the day, they almost never care that you have like some kind of college degree or something like that. What they really care about is you have the skills that they're looking for. So really what you want to do is first you want to identify what skills they're looking for. And then the second thing is you want to learn those skills. And then the third thing is, and this is the part that a lot of people skip is you want to be able to basically have a portfolio that showcases in a extremely straightforward way that you have those skills. You want to make the barrier to entry for them looking at your portfolio and being able to immediately tell that you have those skills as low as possible.  And that's the secret.  Most employers, especially in the tech industry and especially in high demand careers, which are the ones that I typically talk about on my channel, do not care about your college degree. They do not care about certifications. That stuff can help. It can be nice in certain circumstances, but a lot of the time these employers simply do not care about that stuff. As long as you can showcase that you actually have the skills right off the bat just very quickly and easily. So you went through the course. And how long was it from the time that you started the IT course to the time you got your first job offer. So, like from the gate, as soon as I graduated, I just started like putting in applications, like a madman, like just as much as I possibly can, you know, I'm a full time father, full time husband, they'll still have stuff to do at home. I made it a goal to at least do about like five to six, you know, a day, you know, if I could just get as many out as I possibly could. So I say I within the week I got my first interview. It was Lucas IT staff and agency that actually reached out to me first. And they're pretty much is in the name of their staff and agency. So they actually look for people that's in tech and they get them working with companies and the work will be like contract work. So I might be like a contract for like three or six months or something like that if the company likes you potentially be a direct higher position.  And I was really, really, really looking for something remote. And they didn't have that remote at the time but they did have remote work coming up. So they reached out to me. I got an interview from Robert have that that's another IT staff agency that reached out to me I spoke to one of their recruiters. And then that was the first week. No, the first week was Lucas IT staff and then the second week I came across Robert have and then Marrake, which is who I'm currently working for now. And that's the job offer that I got it. And so it was it was approximately two weeks. And you ended up getting a job offer from from the time you started the course and it took you about a week and a half or so to get through the entire course. Yes. Got it. Wow. That is that's incredible. That's amazing. So if you don't mind me asking I know everybody's going to be wondering this. What were the job offers like approximately you can kind of like maybe give a range. Because you did get three job offers. One of them was remote. So that's kind of the one you went with because you wanted more of like a flexible lifestyle. But you did get three offers and what were kind of the range of the salaries that you were offered. Okay, so I'm right now in Philadelphia entry level it the range is anywhere from like 20 to 24 or $25 range. You know, as far as like entry level it help us and Marrake right now and I have no problem putting this out because I'm just starting coming from absolutely no experience whatsoever it started out with 2226. Gotcha. Gotcha. So the ranges were somewhere around like 45 to 50,000 a year job offer somewhere around. Yeah, yeah, yeah, pretty much. Some people might say like a that's low balling you know that's some of yourself short so many people make so much intent but the way I look at it it's like a huge return on my investment because only paid like $500 for the course and within literally one month. I landed a job making like anywhere from like 40 to $50,000 a year, you know remote learning skills and it's like people are going into debt.  So I was like, yeah, I'm making $22 an hour right now, which is fine, you know, entry level, we all got to start from somewhere. But within a year from now, it'll increase, you know, two years from now and three years from now. I'll definitely be like, if not, at least very very close to that six figure mark. So I have no problem. By the way, course careers, I will put that down in the description as well as the pen comment below they have a free training, which will kind of tell you how the entire course works how it's structured, what the different career paths you can go down are and all those types of questions that you will probably have about it. All of that will be available down in the description as well as the pen comment below if you want the full course I do have a coupon code you can use which is Shane 50 I'll put that down there as well. I do want to ask just generally speaking, how is the lifestyle changed for you working for a technology company in an IT position versus working as a carpenter, or working as a medical courier. Well, I will say working remote because the fact that I have the option to work remote the pandemic like kind of like open my eyes to like a lot because of like anything were to happen. At least I can work from home and then on top of that job security. That's another thing for me, you know, like it's been times where on the union jobs like having worked for like six months, you know, yeah, I have unemployment and I've also had my savings but work was just that scarce at the moment.  And then you have some days where it's like completely slow. So you don't know exactly is what you're getting, unless you're running routes. But like even if you are running routes, accidents happen. Whether you know, things of that nature, you can get a flat tire. That's happened to me on my transmission active funny that happened to me, my battery died. So okay, now I didn't work that day. If the weather's too bad, I didn't work that day.  Sometimes I've drove, I've made my Korean eight hours. Sometimes it took them 12 hours. You know, depending on the drives that I've had, I've drove up to 16 hours straight one one one day before. And I've actually done that on like maybe like two or three occasions. And it does take a total when you're driving that much. So working remote, I'm home, I'm in the house, I have a set schedule, and I have job security. That's awesome. Yeah. Did you have to get any certificates or certifications besides the certificate that course careers gives you of course? None at all. The only experience I have is course careers. And that was enough to land me a entry level job. I ain't need nothing else. I'm working on certificates now like I'm going to get my content a plus now I'm working on that. And after that, I'm kind of like trying to find out exactly where's is I want to be, you know, dove, and like security, and then that work I'm thinking to lean towards more like network inside of things. Yeah, that's another thing that's great about tech is like so many people will start off at help desk. And then you can kind of see like, Oh, you know, you work with this department that department and you kind of see like, Yeah, that I kind of like their job they seem like they do stuff that I would enjoy. So you can start, you know, getting certifications for that. And then a lot of the time the company will literally just let you move into those other departments and those other positions. And if they don't, then you can just go with another company. So yeah, a lot of people will start off at help desk. I've seen situations where people start off at help desk and then they move into cybersecurity, then they move into logistics, then they move into software development, then they move into tech sales. Right. I interviewed one guy Antoine on my channel I believe that was his exact career progression. So what would you say to somebody who's kind of on the fence about going into it using course careers, anything like that like they're watching this maybe they're a little skeptical about it. What would you say to that person. I would say, do it, you know, absolutely do it. Like I said, the training, everything is applicable to what you're actually going to be doing at it, you know, from the lab to the, you know, VPN, understanding, you know, protocols, understanding cloud, which is we use Microsoft Azure, active directory, business system labs, everything that you're doing in course careers is going to set you up for an actual entry level IT job. Is there any other like pro tips or just knowledge or any other things that you think somebody watching this interview might find extremely valuable that you'd like to share. I would say just stick to it. Take notes. Make yourself comfortable with it. Like I don't want anybody to listen to my story and think okay well, I'm going to get a job in the month. You know, if I do it to or I'm going to do it that fast, I'm going to get a job in two weeks. You know, it was like, don't get discouraged. Like I've probably put in like within the short span of time, but I did get my interviews only put in like between like 40 or 50 applications, and I've gotten a lot of news just to get the three interviews that I've got. So, you know, don't get discouraged. If you don't understand something, ask for help. When you join course careers. There's a discord group. Great energy. Everybody is helpful. Everybody is resourceful. Everybody speak and offer everybody's energy. James, thank you so much for coming on the channel. Thank you for inspiring so many people. I think a lot of people are going to watch this and just be incredibly inspired by your story. The fact that you were able to get a job using an iPad that's just like funny and awesome at the same time. So, I didn't know how big of a dude that was until Josh broke it down like you don't understand, man. You did a course on an iPad.  You're just really resourceful. So it's not a big deal to you. But yeah, when other people hear that they're just like, what? That's awesome. But yeah, hey, man. Thank you so much for coming on the channel and taking a little bit of time off in your evening for this. I really appreciate it. Appreciate you for having me. Thank you.


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World Patient Safety Day will be observed on 17 September 2023 under the theme Engaging Patients for Patient Safety. The theme emphasizes the importance of patient involvement in healthcare decisions and processes as patients, families and caregivers play a critical role in the safety of healthcare. Patient Safety Day serves as a reminder of the collective responsibility to create a culture of safety within the healthcare system. On this occasion, the Ministry of Health Wellness and Elderly Affairs underscores the critical work of its Quality Assurance Unit, which plays a vital role in monitoring, evaluating and improving the quality of healthcare delivery. The Quality Assurance Unit of the Ministry of Health takes this opportunity to emphasize its commitment to providing the highest standards of care and this will be achieved through patient engagement, which is central to achieving safer healthcare outcomes. By involving patients in decisions about their health and treatment, we foster an environment of transparency, trust and collaboration. According to the World Health Organization, the slogan, Elevate the Voice of Patients is a call to all stakeholders to take action to ensure that patients are involved in policy formulation, are represented in governance structures, are engaged in co-designing safety strategies and are active partners in their own care. Therefore, the Ministry of Health Wellness and Elderly Affairs is committed to providing platforms and opportunities for patients, families and communities to raise their voices, concerns, expectations and preferences to advance safety, patient-centeredness, trustworthiness and equity. The Ministry of Health envisions a healthcare system where patients are informed partners in their care journey. Connecting with the clients whom we serve and empowering them to voice their concerns and preferences not only enhances the overall patient experience but also plays a pivotal role in improving health services and service delivery. As St. Lucia joins the global healthcare community in commemorating Patient Safety Day, the Ministry of Health Wellness and Elderly Affairs encourages everyone to play an active role in ensuring patient safety. By working together, we can ensure that healthcare in St. Lucia maintains the highest standards providing safe, effective and compassionate care to all.


So, very good afternoon everyone, welcome to the Android Graphics and Animation session. So, my name is Mihir Gokani and I am going to present on the Graphics and Animation on Android. So, actually me and my colleague Pushpok Burange, we both are going to deliver on this. So, we will be switching for some part I will be explaining and some part he will be explaining. So, the first thing that I want to, first of all I will give you a brief outline of what will be what will be delivering. First of all I will start with a drawing with canvas. So, I will explain a canvas in brief. The second thing will be explained by Pushpok Burange which is a view animation. Then I will be explaining a property animation which is a kind of a main thing in of this session. So, it will span before break I will start and will take some little break and after that I will continue on this.  So, let us start with this the Graphics and Animation in Android. So, before starting I want to give a little tip that will be showing you demos on Akash. So, I will be switching to the Akash view frequently. So, because since this is a graphic session so without so we will get a visual interpretation of what will be what we want to do on the Akash. So, you will be switching to the Akash frequently. So, let us start with the canvas on Android. So, first a little motivation that why we need canvas for Android. First of all canvas allows us to draw 2D drawing on canvas. So, for example, some drawings we want to draw on for example, we want to draw some flow charts or we want to make a game which is a simple 2D game. For example, a chess 2D chess or any 2D games for example, so we can use canvas because it is easy to use easy to learn. The second thing is custom UI. So, custom for example, the default Android controls or views are not suitable for to you. So, you can go for custom UI for example, the Facebook app is developed in this way. So, they have developed their own custom UI on Android. In such a way you can develop your own custom UI. The third is simple games as I said for example, you can make some chess games or any simple 2D games and lastly we can do any 2D graphics and animation. So, on canvas we use canvas because it is very simple to learn. So, in this session I hope I will give you some motivation about how we can use the canvas to develop your apps. So, let us start. So first I will explain in brief there are three steps to use canvas. The first step is get a reference of a canvas. So in Java we usually create a new object. So in canvas also we can create a new object of canvas but in that way we can draw for example, on a bitmap an image and we can create that image and we can show it in the Android. An easier method is to extend existing view for example and we can override its on draw method. So for example, we can draw a custom shapes on that view and the third method is to extend a surface view or open gel surface view which is a more advanced topic and which is which will not be covered in this session. Pushpork will give you some brief idea about the open gel but the open gel view will not be covered in this session. So first step is referencing a canvas. So I will only talk about extending a view which was the second point of one of the three points. So that in this code you can see the small snippets shows that we can override the on draw. So we extend the view and we override its on draw method. So in on draw method we get canvas as a parameter and then we can use this canvas to draw anything we want on this canvas. We can extend the view and we can then override the on draw method which was the method of the view and then inside this we get a reference of canvas. So we can use canvas and draw anything we want. Now the second step is to actually draw. So how we can draw on the canvas? So we have two options. The first is use the draw something method of a canvas. So canvas contains a set of methods for example draw rectangle, draw circle, draw text. So in that way we can draw anything we want. So for example here the code shows here this is the this is what we write inside the on draw method. So here we have written draw circle and we have given some center of the circle given the radius and given the paint. I will explain paint later after a few slides that is what we can use to control how our circle looks actually control its attributes. One thing that I have written is draw rectangle we can set its bounds that is left, right, top and bottom of the rectangle. The third thing is I have written draw text. So I have written that what text actually we want to draw that is a string or resource ID of the string and at which position we want to draw and again in all the methods we can pass the reference to paint which I will explain later. Our second option to draw is to use a drawable. So for example drawable is for example if you want to draw some shapes. So there are there is a class which is called a shape drawable. So for example there is a rectangle drawable there is a oval drawable etcetera. So we can use its draw method and pass the our canvas in it. So it will draw itself on that canvas. So actually which option to use is your choice in simple if you want simply to draw something you can use the first option in which we have written draw something method draw rectangle or something of canvas and in this if you want to use the draw method of a drawable it is a bit more advantageous because we can customize the view or customize the attributes of the shape later I will show a brief demo of it. So I think the demo I will show the demo now. So I will show you with the first demo which was the demo of using a canvas which is done by using a draw circle draw all and draw rectangle methods. So here I have shown you two objects which are drawn on a canvas and the second demo is about drawable to draw. So this is the drawable to draw we have drawn a circle which is our shape drawable on canvas. So here I have not set the paint which was the last attribute last parameter of our method. So I have not set the paint but so it is looking black but in the earlier example I have set the paint so that it was looking blue so that is a use of paint that I explained later. The third step is to redraw so far we have seen the two things that how to draw using canvas but now that is not enough because in some cases for example if you are developing a game in that you want to do some interaction with the canvas for example when you touch it should change some attributes it should move the object somewhere. So we want the canvas to get updated when we touch on that canvas. So we change some attributes of the canvas of some shapes and then we redraw it we cannot directly redraw or we cannot directly call the order method but what we do is we invalidate the canvas so that it says the android that some attributes I have changed so you can now redraw the canvas. So for example here there is invalidation example so I have used I have written this code inside an on touch method so you can see the code later in the examples but the main focus of this thing is that we set the bounds of the our drawable according to the where the user has touched and we can add the drawable into the an array list and then invalidate the canvas. So in our on draw method we have just written that draw everything which is in drawables the array list so when we touch on this canvas for example I have touched here. So if I do not write the invalidate in the last line then the canvas will not get updated and the results will not be shown. So it is a critical thing that we must invalidate it but remember that more you invalidate the more calls will be made to on draw method and if you keep invalidating then it is a bad practice because the more on draw calls will be used and more power will be used of your device so you must think that when exactly you want to invalidate where exactly you want to redraw your canvas. So for example I have just redrawn when I touch the canvas so it gets updated whenever I touch and that circle is drawn on that at that point for example so yes so now I want so now I want to clarify the point that I have made that where exactly to draw. So this is the example how not to draw so remember that it is only a request to android system that now my attributes are changed and I want to redraw it but it is not always guaranteed that android system will redraw on this part so it might reject the request because there are too many other request that it has to handle so it is not actually guaranteed so if you think that you can animate some shape inside on draw method by just looping through a variable and drawing at that variable and then invalidating it so it won't work because this the on draw method completes only after this entire loop has been completed and once the android system can only draw after it after the line of control gets out of the on draw method so this invalidate has no effect other than just putting your request in the invalidation queue. So a better approach is to use this post invalidate method this post invalidate method is used if there is some other thread from which you are making a request to invalidate it so in this example you must create your another thread because as soon as you create another thread your line of control gets out of the on draw method for example this is the same example but inside a new thread so this entire code is actually inside the on draw method so now as soon as this thread is created and we start the thread the line of control goes out of the on draw method and this we can't write invalidate here because it is the another thread so we must write post invalidate which makes a request to the UI thread about the redraw and refreshing the thread there is a small demo of it this is a small demo of it so we can write the now I will explain you about the paint that was the last argument of our discussion earlier of how to draw things so we can set a number of attributes of paint for example we can change the color we can change the style we can change the outline of the outline that is a stroke of our shapes we can change style of our text even the style of our text for example here I have shown we can set the color and we can pass an integer which is a color value so you can get that integer from the color class and there are a set of methods that from ARGB value you can get that integer value of color or you can get a enum values for example color dot black will give you a black color color dot blue will give you a blue color you can even set some flags for example you want to turn on dithering or you want to turn on the anti anti alias then you can use this flags on the paint on the paint object to turn this on or turn this off you can set the text size for example and pass it float value for example you want 32 pixels so you can pass the 32 px 32 float value so 32.0 you can set the alignment which is the part of aligning enums so you can set the text alignment on this and you can pass this paint object as a reference to the large parameter of our draw calls so we have seen we can draw how we can draw on the canvas but and we can extend the view and to get a reference of a canvas so for example here I have shown you the view of a which is placed on the canvas so now I will explain where is the what the coordinate system is used by this canvas so here is the view and this is the coordinate system which is actually used by the canvas so that here the top left corner shows the origin of our canvas so for example and the x axis is on the right hand side and the y axis increases in the bottom so since anything we draw we draw outside the outside of our view is not actually visible so I will just show you this much of grid instead of showing the entire grid entire coordinate system so for example we want to show a point 94 which is 9 pixels in x axis and 4 pixels in y axis so which is actually drawn at this point which is highlighted in red so now a little tips for the users who want to do some work will learn the canvas and this is some advanced tips for example if you want to translate multiple objects so what you normally might think is you can you if for example you want to translate it 2 pixels – 2 pixels on x axis and – 1 pixel on y axis so for example you want to move your object which is at 94 to some point for example now you will calculate the difference now you will calculate the actual position for example you want to move it – 2 pixels on the left so you will subtract – 2 from 9 and you will add 1 into the y coordinate to get our new coordinate so now there is a problem that if you have hundreds of objects and you want to move them simultaneously then you will have to compute for each and every object a new coordinate system and then you will have to set it for each and every object however we can translate our coordinate system for example here I have shown that we have translated our coordinate system – 2 pixels in the x axis and 1 pixel on the y axis so our entire coordinate system has been translated so when we now plot 9.9 in the x axis and 4 in the y axis our object will be drawn translated and all the objects which we draw later will be translated the translation is a little easier so you might think I will calculate the translation for each and every object however for rotation there is a problem that you want to do with trigonometry for each and every object and compute the new coordinates however you can easily rotate the entire canvas and get the new coordinate system on which you can draw so I will show a little sample that for now just keep the lines which are marked at line A and in this canvas dot rotate 0 F means we are rotating 0 degrees so we are not rotating our canvas and we are drawing our balls at 50 in the x axis and all of the balls are drawn on the y axis as 0 so and we are drawing 3 balls blue, red and green now we want to rotate only blue and red balls so what we can do is we can say canvas dot rotate and some degrees the angle in degrees so here we can pass for example 15 degrees 15 F so it will be rotated 15 F however all 3 balls will be rotated since they are drawn on the same canvas so for this we are using canvas dot save which is and canvas dot restore which are marked as line A so now the state of the canvas before this save call will be saved for example here there was no rotation so it will be saved that there is no rotation and once we restore it that saved state will be restored again so there is no rotation at this ball so now when we say canvas dot rotate 15 F so only the balls which are drawn between the save and restore calls will be rotated and any call to the drawing of the ball which is after the restore call will not be rotated because we have just restored our canvas so the green ball stays at the same position now adjust a small tip that you can also define your drawables inside the XML file so all the drawables are will be taken as gradient drawable so I have talked about shape drawable which is rectangles or circles but there are also something called gradient drawables which are for example we can define the gradient on the drawable, gradient colors in the drawable so whatever we define in our XML will be treated as a gradient drawable so you can define your XML in a drawable folder inside the resources folder you can name your anything you want dot XML and you can recall it later the ID will be given as r dot drawable dot file dot anything that you have named earlier and how you can use that again later if you want to use it again in the XML for example in a some view for example text view you want to set the background of that text view or background of a button then you can simply write android background and then give a reference to that gradient however if you want if you want to get a reference inside a Java then you will write you will get a reference to resources of current activity and then you can call a get drawable method passing the idea of that drawable and then you can do whatever you want to do with that drawable for example here I have set the background of that drawable so it actually simplifies how you can use the drawables inside your canvas so now I have covered a canvas I have covered a basics of canvas now the animation part will be explained from now on so Pushpa will explain you about the view animation and then we will continue with the property animation and open share okay thank you hello and welcome to this tutorial on view animation my name is Pushpa Burange and I am a student here in the department of computer science at IIT Bombay so in this tutorial we will be covering view animation so before going on to view animation let me let me quickly talk about what is animation first of all so if you look up the definition of animation in Wikipedia it animation is a rapid display of a sequence of images to create an illusion of movement so when we see a sequence of images one after the other our brain perceives it as movement so that is the basic principle of animation so what are the examples of animation games cartoons I am sure all of you have played Angry Birds and watched various cartoons while growing up we all have so they are the examples of animation and thirdly what one would like to know is why would we want to study animation see a lot of educational applications can be built by using animation say animating science experiments or animating computer algorithms and many such things so there is a lot of work that goes in IIT Bombay in the field of animation for education so what are the kinds of animations of Android so there are basically four kinds of animations Android they are view animation property animation which will be covered by Mihir Gokhani after this session then there is a canvas and drawable and the final one is OpenGL of these methods OpenGL is the most generic and also the toughest method of animation and you can really develop superb applications using OpenGL and real life like animations using OpenGL but it is very tough to do and it requires knowledge of linear algebra and matrix theory so in order for you to become proficient in OpenGL we will be talking about OpenGL very briefly in this session but I do not think we can cover the maths of OpenGL because it is mostly the out of the scope of this syllabus so we will only be talking about view animation in this session and property animation afterwards so first of all what is a view in Android anything like a text view or image view is a view basically so in view animation in this session we will look at animating a text view what we will do is that we will take a text view and we will just translate a little bit and that is that is going to be our illustration in today's session so what are the kinds of effects that you can do in view animation well you can rotate the text you can translate you can change its color you can shrink it you can enlarge it and those kinds of things so anyways these are very basic effects so after after learning the basics I encourage you to learn more on your own because like there are a lot of things to learn which we can't cover in this session together okay so getting started first of all the animation that you want to do is defined in a ANIM directory inside the resources folder of your android project the ANIM folder might not be there initially you have to create it so after creating the ANIM folder inside the resources directory you have to place your XML which defines the translation we will look at it inside that here I am directing so let me quickly go to the IDE to show you the code we are seeing the XML here this is the XML that defines our animation so if I have to animate a view I have to use this XML for that so here we see a field from x delta and to x delta which means that which this indicates the initial and the final position of our view so this with this XML will translate our view 100 pixels towards its right if I want to translate towards its left I simply change this with a minus sign similarly if I want to translate it around the y axis I use the from y delta and to y delta another parameter here is the android duration which is the duration of the animation it's mentioned in milliseconds and here it's 2000 milliseconds which is equal to two seconds so this is the XML in which we define our animation and if you notice it's inside the ANIM directory in my resources folder so for performing animations we need to use the object of a class known as the animation class so if you what basically the animation class just loads the animation from the XML into the memory that is the function of the animation class so we'll look at how how to use a animation class the object of animation class so this is a standard API for defining an animation object we have to pass the context and the XML as a argument to the animation object and this will load the animation into the memory from the XML for you and then later you can use this animation object to create animations so once again we'll go to the ID and have a look at the code so this is the code here this is our text view our text which are which we are going to translate this is the animation object that we have defined using the API that I just showed to you this is the API for creating the object of the class animation and next we are going to use this object to create a translating effect so for any view like let's say a text view there's a method which is called start animation which is used to complete the animation effect so in this method we are going to pass the object of the class animation that we just created and so as you can see our translate text is our text view and we've called start animation on that translate text to complete our animation effect so we'll go to the ID yeah so here we have called the start animation method on our text view and that happens every time we click on the screen so that gives us the animation effect so I'll take you to the demo now on the tab so this is the text in the left hand corner just above my finger this is the text and I as I touch it it's getting translated by 100 pixels towards its right in about two seconds I'll do it once again as I touch it it gets translated right yeah so that is the effect that was produced by using an object of an animation class and using an xml triggering multiple animations so on an object of a class animation you can set an animation listener which gives three methods with it which are animation start animation repeat and animation end and these methods are basically callbacks that get called whenever the animation starts whenever the animation is repeated and whenever an animation ends so you can it is possible to trigger multiple animations on a single click if you call start animation inside on animation end because it's a callback that gets called when an animation ends and if you call start animation at the end inside on animation end it will trigger multiple animations so finally I'd just like to give a quick summary of what we did how to do view animation it's very simple first we create a xml that has the animation inform information inside it then we load that information into an animation object and then finally we call we pass that animation object to a view to complete our animation that is how view animation is done thank you