All right, we're live so this will be our weekly one of our weekly training calls and coaching calls for everybody to maximize Either their ketone product their diet their lifestyle And then a place for me to answer questions So I have multiple channels going on right now So as you come on do me a huge favor and just kind of tell me where you're coming in from where you're calling in from And if you can if you have a question we're off the bat hit me the question and let's see if I can I can help you out. I am doing this from my my home car office. I Had to run to the grocery store and so we're here at the home office It's kind of cool that the technology allows us to do this, but if we haven't met my name is Dustin California in the house. I love it I'm also known as the keto pro. It was weird taking on that name But after you know speaking on five continents and I don't know many many many many countries and around the world and Hosting the largest keto education event. It just seemed to fit But I actually have 20 years plus of coaching 20 years of health and wellness I've been fortunate to work with the top Fought leaders in human performance optimization keto experts around the world The the number one human performance coaches in the world I've gotten to work with some of the top athletes around the world But of course more importantly just everyday people like Jennifer Mann in Iowa Helping her find a way to live better And so what I want to do is just take a few minutes and kind of walk through people through How do you maximize if you're just getting started? What should you be focused on if you want to go further? What should you do?  I think it is check with your doctor on that. My wife was okayed by hers But you can definitely check on your doctor about that question and see what they say. Hey Hey better late than ever. I'm not sure what that is, but But I'm super excited for you guys to be joining us here So here's the deal if you're just getting started with us now most people that follow me I would say 90% of people that follow me already are drinking ketones And if you get to know me a little bit I was the guy that did the ketogenic diet or a high fat low carb diet. Let's call it for majority of my adult life I've fallen out of ketosis. I've made mistakes, but I did it for health reasons. I didn't want to do it I did it was very restrictive Challenging diet to live by I did it for health reasons not for fat loss Of course, I was able to maintain my body composition through that whole journey, which was nice and about eight years ago I got introduced to drinkable ketones, which is what I'm a bigger fan of Yes, I make money selling ketones. I'm just gonna throw it out there. Yes This is how I make my entire living, but the reality is we can help a lot more people Most people quit the diet. Most people don't stick on the diet So this is a way for us to get people to get benefits of ketones and find a diet that they're willing to maintain Long-term and that's why Jennifer Mann has maintained 70 pounds is because she didn't have to follow it such a strict diet She had to get to her goal learn how to live her life So I want to do is get you started if you're not drinking ketones What I'm encouraging you to do is get the ketogenic Bible and start there. You can always ask me questions about the ketogenic diet I can give you guidance on it My biggest tip is is if you're starting the ketogenic diet is don't go high fat right away Focus on low carb first understand that you got to be low carb and then bring the fat in Just a big mistake people make and also keep in mind it takes about six months to a year to actually learn the diet Six months to a year to get good at the ketogenic diet. It really don't and that's any diet. That's a Mediterranean diet That's a you can try it for a while But to actually get good at it and understand it and learn it and get stay healthy with it It's gonna take a lot of time So let's get back to drinking ketones if you're currently drinking ketones down below Tell me your favorite flavor one of the benefits you've gotten but if you're just getting started and you're excited about this What I want you to do is is it's as simple as this. It's funny. I jumped in my car I have one in my my sugar bottle right now. So I like to make it up.  I actually think they're taste better cold, but they're not bad warm So if you want to make them cold ice water drink it down in the morning within 30 minutes I recommend within the first two hours waking up start your day with ketones It does not break your fast and elevate your ketone levels, which is going to improve cognition It's gonna prove focus.  Okay blackberry energy and focus. That's awesome strawberry peaches I love strawberry peaches, too. That's my favorite one of my favorite flavors.  It's gonna slow it down Especially the ketogenic effect. So you want to try to lean towards a keto friendly or a low carb coffee or black coffee or tea You don't have to drink coffee, but it's optional. I do use coffee on my non fasting days I actually put keto cream in my coffee, which is it's not super high fat, but it's got the collagen It's got some fat in there and it's really good for satiation That's optional that you can do that in caffeine or decaf coffee. That's up to your choice I still recommend your ketones first thing in the morning because you want to bring your ketone levels up Okay, so after you do that basically the next step is really simple You're gonna eat when you're hungry Okay, if you're doing one of our fasting programs, that's a whole different program like if you're eye fasting with us Which is super amazing. I'm actually doing it this week We're gonna give you eating windows.  I want you to eat at that, you know 10 eat at 10 30 9 the idea here is not to be a prisoner of your food I get passionate about this hard tart lost 70 pounds. Amy. That's awesome. Congratulations Donna Better sleep great flavors super amazing so I don't want you to be a prisoner of your food and Anybody that eats every two hours or anybody ever eats five meals a day or You don't have to snack all time.  That is not metabolically flexible That is not ideal only two groups of people that are should be prisoners of their food for a while That's bodybuilders and people that are really not healthy Accessibly unhealthy people but even then there should be a short window shouldn't be long term So the idea is just to start to listen to your body and fuel it when it needs fuel as long as you feel good So when you drink your ketones in the morning, you're gonna start to feel better And that could take seven to ten days to feel better Eat your first meal. Now your your food should be driven towards your goals So meaning if you want to be a better fat burner, we're gonna want to not overeat number one We're gonna want to reduce our calories. The good thing is ketones are gonna help do that So you don't have to really think about it. The second step is we're gonna want you to go more low carb So be carb conscious. I didn't say keto. Just be carb conscious. What does that mean? It means if you can eat if you're eating a burger Maybe you have the burger and then instead of having fries you have a broccoli instead That's carb conscious or you have a half of a bun and not a whole bun You have one bun on it or you just go no bun and maybe you have five fries You're basically being carb conscious what you're doing is you're driving your carbohydrates down But you're not necessarily eliminate them if you can do this go one low carb meal and one and have one carb in your dinner Meal, that's fine, too Once again, we're not necessarily forcing people or telling people they have to eat a diet We're gonna give you the ketone so that you can find the way to live your diet If it ultimately ends up becoming a keto style diet, then that's great That's kind of the lifestyle I live and I love that but what I know about my diet is most people won't follow it So I'm trying to like become more flexible with my diet and still I want my cake and eat it too I just don't know how much cake I get to have, right? So ketones in the morning your first meal when you're hungry you can be eggs and bacon it could be it could be Yogurt and you know some berries it could be a burger with some broccoli What does it look like? It could be a sandwich with no bun rolled in lettuce. It could be just something that's a little carb, right?    I shouldn't drink more Ketones are in replace of your diet So the more that your diet is loose and the more that your diet is fun and more of it's Creative and eating whatever the hell you want basically the more you should have ketones That's that I want everybody to be really clear this year I'm gonna be clear about this is that our product when you're drinking ketones is not a diet The product is the product we got a created diet for you and that's gonna look everybody's gonna be different I mean I work people Singapore and Asia and I work with people in Australia and in Europe and Ireland and Canada and Mexico Everybody's diets is and we can't give you a plan We can give you a framework and teach you a plan that you can come up with on your own And that's what I'm doing right now. So dinner Here's a couple tips for dinner same thing low carb if you want to be more fat focused about burning body fat You want to focus more on low carb options? So I'm making low carb chili tonight. You could do a low carb spaghetti. Did I say keto chili? No, it can be low carb It maybe isn't officially keto because it has some carbs in it But it can be low carb and I want you to go. Hey, that's awesome. I'm great So that way you're not stressing about it So we replace the beans if anybody has a Luisa's number tell me what we're gonna text the chili recipe out tonight So I replace the chili beans With turnip root and it does a great job of masking the flavor. It tastes really good. It's super delicious You can do a beanless chili, of course also, but I have tomatoes in there I might have some salsa in there So it's gonna have some carbohydrates, but it's not gonna have an excessive amount if you had all the beans in there So that's the little different little change. You can still throw some cheese and sour cream on there If you want to have fun with it So that's what I'm gonna have tonight, but you're gonna want to do a carb conscious dinner All right, last little tips about maximizing our product is drink plenty of water drink lots like plenty of water Now I do recommend if you have a filtration system like a reverse osmosis or you drink a lot of bottled water from Costco Or that is really filtered That can be very dangerous. So your filtration system I typically like just a good charcoal filter filter from your tap is great Frigerators aren't bad now if you have a really bad water source You might need to you know figure that out on your own, but if you drink bottled water make sure it's spring water Make sure it's not overly filtered There's like water out there like smart water isn't that smart? I promise you and these things are important because they can actually cause you to feel worse now You're like, why is my ketones not make me feel so good? Well, it's because you're dehydrated and it's the water you're using so I highly Recommend that you get high quality water and use our electrolytes with it Our electrolytes are formulated to help enhance your experience of ketones So if you're if you're using our product, I mean, I can't tell you I'll be the biggest fan I'm the biggest. I'm pretty aggressive at pushing electrolytes They're super important for your overall benefits and your health benefits So I would highly recommend you getting the electrolytes with it and have one to two a day Especially if you retain fluids or anything like that And that's usually the big thing that people have to worry about is hydration stay hydrated Because ketogenic diet or being in ketosis is a natural diuretic So when you first get started with us, you might know yes So water from collagen filters can be okay depends what kind of collagen filter when I was a kid I lived in Minnesota collagen filters were very often reverse osmosis under the sink tank If you have an under the sink tank that water I tell everybody it is it's absolutely dangerous I don't recommend it the World Health Organization doesn't doesn't recommend it It's it's legitimately if you don't understand that you need to add minerals to that and you need to fix that water That can actually be very bad for your health So I'm not a fan of that water and a lot of companies filter their water that way For bottle companies like you buy bottle water a lot of them filter it that way and then they add a little trace minerals back But that's not enough. That's not what your body really needs. So I'm a big fan of water So the fastest way to solve that is some some Himalayan sea salt or a Celtic sea salt in your water is a good thing That you can help it doesn't solve it, but it helps Drink your ketones with and then get some electrolytes and have a couple electrolytes a day That will help a lot and then get rid of that water, of course, right one more big tip I want to give everybody is this is that I'm like snowballing y'all here, but I'm gonna have fun with this coaching I'll be doing this multiple times that I'm gonna do the same type of call But I might do a focus each on the end of each call But is you won't if you really want to get healthy Eating before bed is just not ideal So you want to really stop your eating three to four hours What my coach used to teach me is like this the earlier you can stop eating before bed The actually the better you'll do And and so I tell people eight o'clock is like that cut off Seven is even ideal now if you do get hungry later, and you're basically it's you're getting obsessed about it And you're just like I'm going crazy. I'm gonna just binge eat. Here's the deal willpower can take you so far I love willpower.  If it's emotional then you got to get with the counselor and start figuring that out Spell Joe dispends of stuff. If it's biochemistry, which you may or may not know What you can do is you can have ketones after Seven o'clock or eight o'clock or nine o'clock. I like keto pro. I like to ampule ketones I like our keto calm but have ketones ketones will turn that down for you until you can start to work on some of the behaviors Right, maybe it's an emotional thing. Well, you got to work on that but support yourself The more that you eat later in the night. Hey, is it gonna happen? Yes anniversary night I had to dessert at ten o'clock at night I'm not beating myself up about that but on average the majority of time you really want to stay don't eat much after 8 p.m. Or at all and if you do keep it keto pro or keep it keep it Keep it keto natter keto ampules or keto calm because that will help keep you down and help you sleep better Okay, so I just a little tips for you to get yourself up for success But the more that you eat late at night What happens is your body at night tries to digest your brain detoxes your GI track your body's detoxing It's going through a process and the more that it has to digest food. It's not able to repair very well So that's why I love intermittent fasting that's I basically what I just taught you is an intermittent fasting technique At the same time what we're doing is we're trying to allow our body to get healthy and not let food control us But I do get it, you know I eat some nights I'm having a cocktail at eight o'clock at night and I'm like I want I want something and you just want something If that happens once or twice a month who cares right or even five times a month But if it happens every week or three four or five times a week It's going to catch up to you and you're going to ask yourself why I'm not getting the results I want why am I plateaued? Why are this happening? Well, that's why our product still works It's just that it can't beat some of the decisions that we've made over the lifetime So we have to learn how to create a new life type lifestyle for the ultimate results So I hope that I hope that came off right gluten-free W. What's up gluten-free? I've been gluten-free since 1999 True story been pretty crazy So I've been a big fan of no gluten But it's anyway, she heard she just popped up on Instagram. So I just had a couple any more questions I can I got a few minutes for questions But if you really want to maximize fat burning if that's your focus here's a few other tips I'd give you Not to get it too deep in it, but breathing it matters I'm not breathing much while I'm on this call but breathing through be a nose breather definitely helps I know people I can get into the science of that. I'm not going to Check out Andrew Huberman. He talks about that There's a book called Jaws that they talked about that too that could be very helpful But I think the most important thing you have to realize when it comes to fat loss is number one You have to improve metabolic health and this is where a lot of trainers and coaches and I'll say this here on On this live right now is if you're working with nutritionist or coaches or trainer. This is where they're not clearly educated on Doctors they don't understand it and it's not that they don't understand it scientifically what they don't understand is they don't understand it psychologically and Behaviorally and this is the difference of training and working with people for 25 years in multiple countries around the world is that it's about people It's not about being right or wrong. It's about results and people and so if you're trying to burn body fat It's really important to improve metabolic health And how do you do that is that you have to find and the diet that you're starting with today is not the diet You'll do next year Just so you know it's gonna change because you're changing it has to change if it stays the same then you are exactly where you want To be that's probably not the case. You're probably evolving, right? And so you should be So metabolic health is about understanding your body's ability to put to burn metabolized body fat So we want to prove that drinking ketones is the number one way to help improve metabolic health without exercise With exercise combining the two together is extraordinary. So you want to improve exercise And this is this is where it's complicated is that you know somebody that just had multiple surgeries I can't train like I did when I was 20 and I'm not gonna even try to because I just keep getting hurt So I have to start moving my body more But the best way to move your body is to find something that you love to do and do it more often You got to build a habit and the routine and the ritual of doing that And so if you'd like to dance with Richard Simmons start doing that you like Zuma start doing that doesn't I'm gonna tell you You should everybody should be working out in the gym and working out I have researchers on my back all the time. They're like Dustin. That's the most important thing to do Yeah, scientifically we can tell you that's what you should do, but here's the reality most people hate it They're nervous. They don't know where to begin. They they're gonna fail They start they stop and they feel embarrassed and all this other stuff Well, I'm not setting them up for success Right. I'm just telling them it's calorie and calorie out. You got to work out hard Well, that's not gonna get you your answer Okay, it's about finding a consistent plan or routine that you're willing to do if it's going for a walk and say I'm gonna commit to walking every day for 10,000 steps for 30 days start there You might not even maintain that but that's where you should start set a goal and do it, right? So that's the beginning of this journey as we go through the year you have to build on it, right? Maybe I'll I can start doing planks. I can start doing push-ups. I can start doing squats I can start doing lunges to the point where a next by the end of next year. You actually want to join a gym and This is the this is about how do you maintain the new results just remember this again Whatever you're doing this month will not be what you do at the end of the month to maintain it It's going to change it has to change Otherwise you are gonna go back to where you were and and I don't want to get this false impression of people going Oh, just do my plan and you solve all your problems because you know what?  You have to be in caloric deficit to burn body fat Effectively and to drop weight right if you have if you have 50 pounds on your I'll say a hundred pounds on your on your waistline that's three hundred and 350,000 calories you don't have to eat So we want to tap into that but yet the same time To improve metabolic function. We need to perform better So I need you to eat high-quality foods high-quality proteins and this is the the fine line This is why you're gonna plateau at some point and we'll talk about plateauing not today But this is where you're gonna get you're gonna get in these situations where you have to learn like plateau is normal It's part of it because your body has you have to confuse your body you have to metabolically shift it You maybe we have to improve performance before you can burn more fat for a while These are all things that we need to work on and it's just a process of that whole thing Sleep hydration fitness moving your moving your body ketones and your diet is the is really the recipe to the Burning body fat last little tip. I'll give you is this is fasting and so we have a new fasting program It's actually right there up in the corner here Our I fast it's an accelerator process to accelerate some fat burning and just metabolic health So if you want to improve metabolic health faster if you want to get fast results start I fasting with us once or twice a month or even three times for some of you And that will accelerate your results and help guide you along the way faster You should see less plateaus with that too and a higher level of performance at the same time That's a that's a tool that we have access to that you can now do so hopefully if you're all who's I fasting with Us in our beta test we started off on Monday. It's super exciting. Just stress hinder your progress Carol Yes, it does. I actually had a call with the lady earlier about that What's the best type drink keto kick whenever you want one I drink it in the afternoon or before my workout It's when I do drink keto kick stress Stresses it's complicated stress is important exercises of stress Excessive amounts of stress in the baby your body's ability to handle it will impact your body's health It has a direct correlation to cortisol which has a correlation to other hormones Which then can impact your body's ability to metabolize fat So I can go down that rabbit hole for a long time if you tend to carry more weight around your belly and belly button And that's a harder place for you to lose weight stress It seems to be a factor the problem is is I can't tell you to stop stressing That's not the way it works. If you're hindered by stress. We all have stress It's how we can deal with it and handle it and move through it. That's something you have to learn It's a technique. It's not a diet. It's not exercise.   You have to basically Care but not that much about things that you can't control So I can go down the rabbit hole on stress So many factors with stress not enough sunlight is a stress on your body too much sunlight is a stress on your body All those are factors what you want to do is try to minimize as many as you can That's the behavioral side that I like to teach the most So when somebody comes in works with me and they're a smoker, they're not allowed to quit smoking Because the quitting of a smoker is usually more stressful than the benefits they'll gain by stopping so I'd rather change 30 other things in their life to make their body less stressed and Then we go tackle the smoking but most people of most doctors and nutritionists and trainers They focus on the smoking and those clients almost always fail if you work with me You'll usually be almost quit smoking by the time you six months in or if not you've significantly Reduced your smoking because I don't focus on smoking I focus on all the things that are easy to change that you can consistently do and it gives you power and strength to keep Moving in your life. That's what you want You want positive momentum instead of dread doubtful criticism and hatred about yourself and what other people are thinking about you and That to me is the recipe for success So if anybody tells you to stop doing something that you know I mean I have people that are Sometimes addicts on certain drugs or smoke weed or do this or drink this or this and I learned a long time ago I'm getting passionate now, but I learned a long time ago I was working with the lady and she was literally running herself to the ground And I was there to fix her and I was frustrated because I wanted to help her And the way I thought was important and finally She looked at me. She's like it's either this or a bridge and I'm like, oh Let's have a drink, but I didn't know what was going on behind the scenes I didn't get that deal with her or she was relatively new client and she life was tough She had some really complicated things going on behind the scenes And I was there to help keep her upright and I was focused on the drinking instead of all the other things And I was pushing her further down the wrong way as soon as I switched my energy towards focusing on all The other little things that she could change that weren't that bad her drinking significantly declined And then she was able to handle whatever was going on in her life at home And I've seen this in so many so many times in so many ways So I didn't have ketones back then that would have helped because people that when they drink ketones They tend to feel less stressed. They tend to handle stress better Because of how they impact the human body So that's I wish I would have this for many years of dealing with the life I had The cards I got dealt I guess But I hope this all makes sense. You connect with people. Well, thank you your approach. I try to connect with people Because this is everything we do is about that right if you're if you're a coach You can be wrong or you can be rich. I like to say But rich is not just money rich is in success. It's in helping other people's enrichment of others and my my mentor one of my mentors is very very he was very Very smart man extremely smart And he was funny really funny well read And but he he had the uniqueness of basically calling people on their brochures So he worked really well with the professional sports and the olympic athletes because it's like He's going to tell you how to win at all cost and but those people are willing to do things and sacrifice things That a lot of my clients weren't signing up for And so I had and I started falling in his approach And I realized that wasn't applying to my everyday life Now sometimes you have to be the you have to lead people right you have to tell them like listen You want to change your life you got to change your life I had that call earlier with a lady Saying listen stop blaming other people and start looking in the mirror Right, there's a time and place for that call But but you want to get people positive momentum in their life if you don't Then you end up blowing them out and then they go further into their hole and there's no perfect to that I mean, this is it's a dance and Um, there's a way to do it and there's an etiquette see by it But that means also that I'm not going to be the best coach for everybody the people that want to be They're asked kicked all the time. I'm probably not the best coach for them because That doesn't that approach doesn't work for me Um, so if you want to be challenged pushed Loved hugged and then get resolved. That's that's me. Some people want to be they just want to go right to the top Probably find a different coach. I'm not your guy. Go go hire a bodybuilder or somebody that is very like structured and regiment so Anyway, uh, which is so hard to do but um, I have to learn ways to stress less Yeah, I mean I I could talk about stress forever When I can tell you about stress, um, I've been trying to meditate for 20 some years Unsuccessfully because I was stressing about meditating right to your story Um, and this last year 2022 is my year of transition of meditating and what I learned about that is that you just got to start to become aware of your thoughts So become aware of them but also remember that It's and this is the hardest thing for people to grasp is that when it comes to reducing stress It's that it's nobody else's fault And it's kind of taken that ownership right if I crashed my car Not going to make a crash my car, but if I was to do that and if somebody else's fault I was still involved. I was still there. What what about me? It's like there's a reason why the same person has the same things happen If they happen to you multiple times then you have to kind of look in the mirror and go What about me the problem is is when you're stressed out you don't want to It's like it's like you don't want to have to deal with you And so what I learned in this journey of meditating and everything else I've been doing is that I just had to start to recognize that I was stressed I literally worked with a therapist for almost an entire year to even feel emotions I didn't know what emotions felt like So these are just some things that I work through but I sit down and I meditate I think about my thoughts And then I then slowly as I think about my thoughts. I don't try to control them I don't try to stop them. I just recognize that I had one. You know, I'm thinking about how bad the weather is Okay I don't know why but I am so I let it go and now I'm able to sit and kind of start to really like create How I want my life to be when you do that enough time you start to create your future The things that used to bother you don't even come into your life anymore And there's a really good book out there if you want to read it There's a million good books out there, but there's a book that really changed my change my perspective It's it's the biology of belief and I wouldn't tell you to read that book If you read the book about the honeymoon effect The honeymoon effect is a book about how people when they fall in love they almost never get sick Interesting, right? You think about getting ready for a wedding Right, you get ready for your wedding You're probably under some of the most pressure. You've maybe been in a long time Not everybody but a lot of people but yet you got through it, right? You survived it and you didn't get sick. You didn't like you made it through And and you're like, well, how's that even possible, right? But nowadays we get stressed by a few things that are not nearly as stressful as that moment And now we're like I got colds and I'm sick and I'm all sort of stuff And the reason why is that our biochemistry shifts with our thoughts and how we control them. So you can change that You can change your own thought pattern if you want to so um So I guess this extra topic was I'm stressed but anyway, I um, I appreciate all plugging in and uh Dr. Joe dispends of somebody I've been I've been following I've worked with uh, Jay Shetty also and and um, Jay Shetty's seven minute Morning meditations what got me really into meditating finally is just I could do seven minutes and I was able to stick to it It's it's and you let you listen to it and you go through it And now I've evolved way further than that and now I feel like I'm kind of always in a meditative state I'm always recognizing my thoughts and then creating where I want it to go Instead of dwelling on the the pain of a bank account or my scale or my food or my injuries or or whatever That's going on in your life or my relationships or with whoever I'm like, okay. I recognize I'm having that I need to I need to work with that person on whatever that is But yet this is where I'm going and it just feels like you have the weight of blanket taken off your shoulder. So Um, and here I stress is that Honestly, it's all that's all it is. Um, I can tell you right now I met this guy named Michael Rutherford in birthing class. He's introduced me to prove it.  Um, and it's mostly because of that. Um There's a quote, uh, don't don't stress too hard. You'll never get out alive. I like that one. Um, but I met Michael and I realized something very early on. He has a horrifically bad diet doesn't like to exercise Basically, the he's the apple said of me he he just does not let things Way on him as much as they would weigh on me He's able this to not take things in the same way and I'm like at first you're kind of like, man You take anything serious And then after a while I start learning from him.  Who's the rich guy? Uh, Warren Buffett, right? He's like 90 some years old He has McDonald's and ice cream every day and Coca Cola every day, right? He's not underweight He's not a huge person, but he's definitely got some extra body fat But yet he seems to have a pretty happy fulfilled life Now he's very wealthy and wealth does make a difference because you just have other resources But I think it has more to do with that. He doesn't carry some of the stressful weight on himself Um, and so, you know, once again, some people it's a financial stress So he listened you got to put a plan together and and and do the same principles in your diet as you do financially Um, that's why I build prudent is I was financially stressed I was more financially driven to build prudent than I was health Um to drive to build prudent it turned out to change my health and financially I was able to you know, create more for my family. So um, so it's all um Stress is something that you have to work through and then I this is my challenge everybody out to that has kids is how do you if I'm I'm more of a stress case than my wife. So it's something that I work diligently on but how do you not pass that on? Right, because that's how it's passed on it's passed on for you to your kids And you can always if you're 75 years old, you can change it for them by starting to be it for you If you're 45 like me you care six you can change it for you to to help Recreate it for them and then teach them the life lessons that you're going through it If you don't have kids yet start working on it now so that you don't pass it on to them You know, don't pass on all these these emotional stressful moments. So Uh, great. You need to wait until tomorrow to lock in times people are texting me right now I'm not sure what they're saying, but with that said done y'all I need to go get my kids I get to go get my kids. I don't need to I get to I need to also. I guess that there's a there's rules I gotta follow but I get to with my kids. Um, because this is my job. This is what I get to do. So Um, appreciate you all if you haven't tried ketones yet get back back to whoever invited you Um to follow me make sure you buy your ketones from them I would highly recommend uh more than I can even imagine for the value You're getting get grab the better or the best bundle grab the ifast with ketones Um, and come do your ifast with us with ketones and it's an accelerator So you're gonna fast intermittent fast and then use the ifast program to accelerate your results Improve metabolic health, which is what we really should be talking about because that's what most people need The reason why people don't maintain their goals is they don't actually they don't improve it They make their metabolic health worse and we don't want to do that and prove it has the strategies for that So, um with that said and Danielle, I appreciate you have an unbelievable night. If you're following me to follow me Hit me up. I'll take care of you. Um, help you out. You get you dialed in Um, and uh, super super extraordinary y'all. So cheers. Thank you. Thank you for free to share this to anybody that you think it it helped ciao


Hello and welcome back to NPTEL national program of Technology Enhanced Learning, a joint venture of Indian Institutes of Technology and Indian Institute of Science. As you are aware that this lectures are for students, engineering students in IITs and engineering colleges and the role of humanities and social sciences is quite a profound in the syllabus of engineering graduates. I am Krishna Bharva, I teach English literature at the department of humanities and social sciences at IIT Guwahati. It has been always a pleasure to teach students and coming from the technical branches mostly because literature is something very remote from the technical stream. At the same time it is so closely related to what we are going to face in life. So, the purpose of the electives in IITs mostly, he meant the electives in IITs mostly is to make students study and appreciate the text and take delight in the representation of the world as they say it. Well, so this is a part of the series lecture series on literature and language. We are in the beginning of the module 4 of module 3 of the series titled History of English Literature. First lecture has already been given and let us see how the first lecture was the age of saucer and now we are in the second lecture which is the age of Shakespeare. So, let us recap what we had done in the first lecture of this module. When we study literature, English literature for instance, we enjoy the literary journey as I had just said of poems, stories and plays which could be from any era or even as far back as saucer steps. So, this awareness of the canon or the delights of the history of the English literary tradition is necessary to know what is about the study of English literature. Nurturing this freedom of choice and independence of thought, we want you to be introduced to books and poems that generally reflects not only the author's life and thought, but also the spirit of the age, the environment, the history and the ideals of the nation's history. In this first lecture, we had done as a classification how we approach English literature, a specific period of culture not that the dividing line is very very strong. This lectures has attempted to look at the range of English literature quite flexible borders as a series of scenes divided by some basic historical markers of contradictions and sometimes contra distinctions. Over the centuries, we have seen English traditions and language have been reshaped by the small islands invaders and there will be naturally good deal in common between one scene and the next, between one age and the next age, but there will also be good deal that is different which is being more or less marked by the economic, by the social, by the political changes that have gone through. Sometimes therefore, informing a mental picture of a period in the past, people what do they do? They see whole of the new features and sometimes they forget that an overlap of the old. This should not be the way that we study English literature. We have to understand the connections which goes on from one age to the other. Maybe the connections are disrupted at one level, but somewhere or the other we find this connection forms a sort of a flow which allows one to appreciate a text or a movement in literature. As we have seen in the first lecture, how Great Britain has been invaded and settled many times by the Kels, by the Romans, by the Angles and the Saxons, by the Vikings, by the Normans each bringing their own distinctive features and their cultures, their words, their import words, the way of, the way they tell stories, the way they narrate things. So whatever we think of English today as such owes something to each of these invaders or what you call settlements in the island. So with beginning with Julius Caesar in 55 BC, the Britons were finally conquered by the legions of Rome during Roman rule. In the middle of the 5th century, we find the Angles sections from Germany, Jews from Denmark, cross the North Sea. So they bring the Norden flavor to the English language. They drove out the old Britons before them and eventually settled on the greater part of Britain. And when we had done that old English period, we have seen that the most significant work at that time was Anglo-Saxon literary work was Beolfe, a Germanic archetypal narrative. It consists of alliterative long lines and it was some way that it set the tradition of the Romans tradition in English literature. The features of this Anglo-Saxon period which we had done was that it had the love of freedom, it was responsive to nature, the strong religious conviction it had, then devotion to glory, to womanhood and most of it was alliterative and there was a lot of religious feelings and national flavor. When we come the change to the Norman conquest, we have seen that it has become mainstream European civilization. In the Norman conquest, therefore provided a convenient landmark for the history of England and the French influence and the European influence was very strong over there and when we look into this Middle English period as it was of lecture one, we find that courtly love, Arthurian religious themes were explored, William Langlin's biasplum and the most significant one of them is Sources, Canterbury tales and all his works and Sagoen and the Green Knight. The use of allegory, the use of style, the use of English as a medium of language was for the first time used practiced here and saucer from 1340 to 1400 that was the period that we had done in lecture one, regarded as the father of English literature rather with saucer the English language and English literature sort of grew up and just now I had mentioned allegory which is a sort of extended metaphor was the way the medieval mind characterously worked. Now, we come to the content of lecture two, the age of Shakespeare, so this is a very interesting and colorful period in English literature one of the most colorful we can say in the whole period of English literature because the Renasa was just over the century and a half following the death of saucer 1400 to 1550 is the most volcanic period of English history and the revival of learning therefore, we have to see in its broadest sense that gradual enlightenment of the human mind of the darkness of the middle ages. So, while we are doing the age of Shakespeare we have to understand what is the Renasa. The names Renasa in humanism which are often applied to the same movement have properly a narrow or significance it was a new humanism, it was a new exploration of the self, it was where mental boundaries were almost broken, where specific geographical physical and every form of area was explored and as it was it appeared in England two greatest books which was Erasmus's Praise of Folly and Thomas More's Utopia written in Latin of course, were specially translated into all European languages later. In this Utopia we find for the first time the three great words liberty fraternity equality. So, we come to the way that the mind worked. So, the entire meaning of literature from being just imitative in the middle ages has come to become somewhere that the national phabber and the national spirit of identity had come into significance. So, here we are doing Elizabethan English or the age of Elizabeth or Shakespeare's England from 1550 to 1620 this is the period which was as I said a very golden period of English literature after the religious economic unrest of the middle Tudor period followed the golden age of England there was religious tolerance there was calm, golden ages are not all of gold naturally and they never last long, but Shakespeare sounds upon the best time and country in which to live in order to exercise with least destruction and most encouragement the highest faculties of man and there is a saying that if there had been no renasa probably we would have had no Malo or probably we would have had no Shakespeare well. So, going back to the Elizabethan age is remembered as the time of a great wave of English nationalism which I had just referred to as a domain of new identity as well as the period in which the arts flourished every form of arts. The time of Shakespeare was also the time of Elizabeth, Elizabeth who saw the rise in the concept of nationalism in England and this can be seen in the increased interest that writers had in writing literary and dramatic words in the English language. So, it was side by side with all culture developed. So, English renasa in the realm of thought and art is epitomized by the official recognition that Elizabeth first gave to Oxford and Cambridge the first formal centres of learning and there were thriving centres where all the scholars went and lot of research and lot of creative explorations were there. The invention of the printing press also in 1476 which helped to make literature more widely available it became commercial it was not confined to a select few and therefore pamphlets and articles could be printed and there was dissemination of learning. Therefore, the arts flourished and Elizabeth one her personal love of poetry naturally the patron as many people say that it was because of Elizabeth first patronage of arts that ultimately led it to be the golden age of English. Literature and theatre such as the globe and the rose were built and the performances took place six days a week my new and place commenced at 2 p.m. in the daylight play rights were in high demand. So, people were writing plays they having it performed people went to the place for entertainment and there was a lot of cultural activity going on around the playhouses. So, the Elizabethan traveling talks about the social history of that time and when he says that the Elizabethan English were in love with life therefore, there was a vibrancy there was a gusto not with some theoretic, theoretic shadow of life. Such classes freed as never before from poverty felt the up spring of the spirit and expressed it in wheat music and song and there is a saying that they Elizabethans did not talk they sang it was a nest of singing birds. The English language had touched his moments of fullest beauty and power, beach and order at least prevailed in the land even during the sea war with Spain relatively calm relatively peaceful and therefore, it was the right climate for literature to strike. The renasa that had known a spring time long ago in its native Italy where brighting frost now nipped it came late to its glorious summer in this northern island. This is what traveling says in the days of Erasmus the renasa in England had been confined to scholars and to the king's court in Shakespeare's days it had in some part reached the people the bible the classic and the classical antiquity were no longer left to the early learned few, but agency of the grammar schools classicisms flittered through from the study into the theatre and the street stories were taken from the classics from the antics and you find Shakespeare's translation of Flutork's life into making historical place people came to know about history, they came to know about Scandinavian sagas, came to know about the classical herchews and all Hebrew and Grisha Roman ways of life raised from the grave of the remote past by the magic of scholarship were open to the general understanding of Englishman. So, it came to the masses to the very very even to the groundlings the people who were not literate in the whole sense, but they could enjoy theatre and it was almost as if whole literature was in the grasp of the people, but as the new spheres of imagination and spiritual power to be freely converted to modern use. While Shakespeare's transformed Flutork's life into his own Julius Caesar and Antoni others took the bible fashioned out of it new way of life and taught for religious England. So, it has been said that the age of Shakespeare Elizabethan age it was an age of dreams of adventure of unbounded enthusiasm speaking from the new lands of fabulous reaches revealed by English explorers and the young philosopher Bacon was saying confidently. He was one of the foremost prose writers of the age and he could say I have taken all knowledge from my province. The mind must search farther than the eye with new rich lands open to the sight the imagination must create new forms to people the new world. So, new worlds have to be discovered and new language have to be invented. So, the literate spirit this was the literate spirit and this is what we want to emphasize here that the Elizabethan age or the age of Shakespeare was so vibrant it was so all pervasive and the authors were men not yet women of almost every class from distinguished courtiers like Rayleigh and Sidney to the company of heck writers there were heck writers who were prevalent maybe not very of high standard but who starved in garrets and hung about the outskirts of the bustling taverns the taverns also became the centers of exchange between the high and the low and during this reign in the late 16 and early 17th century a London centered culture therefore, rose up and it became almost the cultural capital and that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama. We can even say that the beginnings of popular literature beginning of popular culture originated in this age. So, behind the new literature was the training in classical. So, this is where we find it was a very very concerted attempt that classical literature has to be transferred to the masses and there was this training almost subdued you can say in classical limitation of a long line of humanist scholars and translators reaching back to the time of Erasmus at the beginning of the century. The first tangible sign of it for Elizabethan was the poetry of White and Sari. Effective progress from songs and sonnet was delayed however, until 1579 the beginnings of the poetic vibrancy which may have been imported from Italy but we find that the sonnet form was being practiced as a courtly form and then again going into the other spheres. Spencer showed how the pastoral convention could be adopted to a variety of subject. Edmund Spencer the leading poet of this early Elizabethan age we find him taking the form of the pastoral going back to rural retreats then experimenting with allegory experimenting with different types of moral heroic couplets recalling both saucer and virgin and he showed how the rules of decorum of fitness of style to subject could be applied to variation in the diction and metrical scheme. So, there was great experimentation in the technique of writing and he was one of the initiators you can say who in the stanza form which was later called as the Spencerian stanza. Therefore, if we look first in the first phase of the Elizabethan period or the age of Shakespeare what do we see that Elizabethan poetry is neither classical nor romantic in the sense it lacks the restraint and the economy the mental repose of the finest classical art not so much applying it to the norms and the rules of the classical rules, but equally he joins labour and learning to enthusiasm this marriage between imagination and decorum. This marriage between classicism and romanticism was one of the main important contributions to English literature following the main tradition of antiquity and the middle ages it is addressed to reason as a universal moral guide. It is composed on the assumption that the function of poetry is to teach by delighting. So, delight is the main occupation to interpret nature and to influence man's action this connection between nature between man's morals and to man's the purpose of man's action. Though the age produced some excellent prose work we just mentioned Francis Bacon it is essentially an age of poetry has said that it was this nest of singing birds and the poetry is remarkable for its variety it is not in one line it is a different different experiments that were going on. His freshness is youthful and romantic filling both the poetry in the drama were permitted by Italian influence no doubt. So, this influences we cannot do away and we find that which was dominant in English literature from saucer to the restoration. So, the Italian influence which was there the European influence had a very significant part in the making of poetry of the time. The literature of this age is often called a literature of the Renasa too though as we have seen the Renasa itself began much earlier for a century and a half before. So, now let us look at this flowering of lyric poetry in the reign of Elizabeth. We have just mentioned Sir Thomas White greatly influenced by the Italian Petrarch introduces the sonnet and a range of short lyrics to English the sonnet form a line poem in 14 lines with four quadrenes and followed by a couplet you find was a new form that was introduced then all of Saray develops unripe pen pentameters or blank verse thus inventing the verse form which will be of great use to contemporary remedies. Now, now so in order to appreciate exactly what this importance is we must remember in what state Wharton Saray found the art which they practiced in and which they made a new start in early to the lyric poetry yes and that is why their place in the early flowering of lyric poetry is almost it is something so strong that it has gone into the making of many of the other later poets. We have Sir Philip Sidney with his astrophil and Steyler and Edmunds Spencer which we we had just referred to one of the leading poets of the time and especially his methamo opus Fairy Queen and Allegory then we have Sir Walter really the courtiers they were courtiers they were also practitioner poets Christopher Marlow and also William Shakespeare and specially Shakespeare's early poetry as well as his sonnets. The Fairy Queen if we look into Edmunds Spencer's Fairy Queen it is a great work upon which the poet's fame chiefly rest and this is the original original plan of the poem included 24 books each of which was to recount the adventure and triumph of a knight who represented a moral virtue, allegorical representation of eyes of virtue. Where Sorfa looks about him and described life as he says it we had Sid incantable, cantable retrails. Here Spencer always looks backward for his inspiration he goes back to the medieval age he lives sorry he lives grimly in the past in the realm of purely imaginary emotions and adventures we can even call it an alternate reality. He goes into the realm of creates a different atmosphere a different ambience and his first quality therefore is imagination. If we look at Spencer and you compare it with Saucer you find the contrast which is there Saucer was so realistic in detail almost to the point of miniature figures in your presentation. Here we find that it is imagination and he is the first of a poets to create a world of dreams fancies illusions. We can almost align him to the world of magic realism which are the modern forms of narratives. For the fairy queens Spencer invented a new verse form which has been called since this day the Spenserian stanza. Because of its reliability it has been much used by nearly all the poets of English literature. New stanza was an improved form of Aristotle's Ottawa Rima and bears a close resemble to one of Saucer's most musical first forms in the monk state. So, this is where I want to show this is Edmund Spencer. I want to show you how the age that goes before or the influences which come in and this is what T. S. Eliot in his as a tradition and individual talent had emphasized that you have to have the historical sense to understand the flow of literature and to appreciate a text in its full form. And this is where the exchanges and the influences which have gone before or maybe which have may have been concurrent with the times is very important in understanding a text or a movement. So, the greatness of Shakespeare's assignment if we look into him as one of the poets who had been the very great prominence in the early part of the Tudor age was largely made possible by the work of his immediate predecessors by Spencer Sidney in the mastery of us. For example, by Marlow and the university which in the theatrical management of character and situation when he goes to drama. So, he was fortunate that almost the initial work had been done for him. Therefore, Shakespeare began his literary career as a poet and he never ceased to be fascinated by the poetic possibilities of image and conceit, metaphor and symbol. Shakespeare also popularized the English sonnet which made significant changes to Petrarch's model and his use of prose for comic ironic, mad or simplified forms. When we look at a review of Shakespeare's poems, we will be doing his dramas later when we are doing that phase of Elizabethan drama. Here we are studying Shakespeare's place in his contribution to the poetry. Excluding the sonnets, we find that he had written Venus and Adonis, Long Poems, Rape of Lucris and a few and uncertain, but exquisite scripts in the Lovers' Complaint, The Passionate Pilgrim and so forth. All these are likely to have been the work of early youth, maybe immature, but even then we have extreme sweetness and abundant. Now, when we come to the 154 sonnets of Shakespeare's whole over, then we find that it is a class apart. Elizabethan English or you can say Elizabethan poetry in the age of Shakespeare we find is mostly the way that the whole sonnet form was experimented upon and when we study Shakespeare's sonnets, it is one of the luminaries of the period and they are the only direct expression of the poets own feelings that we possess. For its exquisite beauty, for its exquisite thematic expression, I do not think there will be any sonnets which can equal his own line from here sonnet. Let me not to the marriage of true minds, admits abediments, love is not love which alters when it alteration finds or bends with the remover to remove. He even modified the sonnet structure and made it into his own and not the way that Wight and Surrey had written out of a truck and model, his own model and there we find that it had from then on it came to be known as the Six Parents Sonnet. Well, when we look into the phase of prose writing in this period, it was an inevitable result of discovery of printing that the cultivation of the vernacular for purposes of all work that is to say for prose should be largely increased. The most interesting monuments of this crusade as it may almost be called in England are concerned with the school of Cambridge scholars who flourished at the time such as Assam, Wilson and others. So, the history of earlier Elizabethan prose is to a great extent the history of curiosities of literature right of tentative and imperfect efforts scarcely resulting in any real vernacular style at all. It was not as colorful as we can say about the earlier term set poetry, but at the same time very significant. It is however, emphatically the period of origins of modern English prose. If we study modern English prose, we find the initial steps back during this period and a search cannot but be interesting noticing the schools of historians, translators, controversialists and specially critics who illustrated the middle period of the reign and singling out Sidney and Lillie. So, when we refer to Roger Assam, his talks of Lillie was written and printed as early as 1545. Let me quote from this text what he had written which is quite interesting. I have written this English matter in the English tongue for Englishmen. This is what he wrote a memorable sentence none the worse for jingle and reputation which are well in place. Until scholars like Assam who with the rarest exception where the only person likely or able to write at all get to write English matters in English tongue for Englishmen the formation of the English prose style was impossible. So, they took this risk of writing in the English tongue and that it requires some courage to do so. A quote here I am of this opinion that our own tongue should be written clean and pure unmixed and unmingled with borrowing of other tongues. Wherein if we take not hit by time ever borrowing and never paying she shall be fined to keep our house as bankrupt. Beautiful metaphor that is used. We come to Francis Bacon. His safe philosophical world is the Institutory of Magna which was left incomplete which includes the advancement of learning and the Novam Organum. But mostly for students of literature his interest as a pioneer is in his famous essays called the pioneer of modern science and the inductive method of learning. Minor prose writers at that time are Richard Hooker, Travel Logs etcetera, John Fox, the historians Camden and Knox, the editors Huckloot and Butchers who gave the stirring records of exploration and Thomas Snod the translator of Blue Dark Slime. John Lally has to be mentioned here not only as a dramatist but as a prose writer especially his Euphiess which was divided into two parts. Euphiess the anatomy of it and Euphiess and his England is a kind of love story yes but yet the action however being next to nothing it infinite amount of moral and courtly discourse has been given here. Now two schools of English prose showed itself on one side in Lally and the university weeks of his time. The university weeks were this group of scholars who were also writers who were in the universities of Cambridge and Oxford on the other in extremely vernacular and sometimes extremely vulgar manner of the pamphletes. So, we have prose of different types one which were the scholarly or more conscious prose of the university weeks and also of the pamphletes who were a closer maybe to the way the colloquial English and the vulgar manner of the pamphletes. We have to mention Philip Sidney yet again because his prose work are the famous pastoral romances of the Arcadia written to please his sister is full of generous order it has a different style altogether and we find there are in this full of poetic expressions. So, the borderline between prose and poetry is somewhere mingled together. So, the Apology for Poetry is one of the first critical essays in English how to write a poem what is this discourse in the poetic. The Arcadia is interspersed with the colloquies in which sufferers and sufferers sing of the delights of rural life. Now the transition in the mid 15th century after we come to the drama now after doing the poets in a very general manner the phase of poetry as well as a prose let us come to the at me of representation in the Elizabethan age and go back to how did drama take place. After the mystery and the miracle plays which had its bearings in the late 14th century we find a new type of drama immerse called the morality plays of the English drama from miracles to the moral this was however quite spontaneous it began in the search as we had done in the first lecture and we have seen that how it went into the suburbs and the transition from the scriptural figures of the former from the mystery and the miracle to the abstractions of the later where we had rise to the Coventry cycles because the search found that the theme of this of the dramas which were enacted somehow could not be put into the confines of the search. So, it came into the cycles in the evolution of British drama this transition from the mystery to the morality forms the third stage of all the moral plays of medieval England the most celebrated and recognized one is every man the mention must be made of every man before the 16th century English drama. Therefore, men their mature performances of Bible stories by craft gills on public holidays well. So, to trace the earliest beginnings of the English theatre in the range of the four first tutors the mystery and morality passed into the interlude as we have seen even the two famous comedies Ralph Royster doister and gamma gardens needle stand as if it were only at the threshold of a period not so much of experimentation going on and somewhere it was in the in between lines between one period and the other on the other hand we can take on to our province the whole rise flourishing and decadence of the extraordinary product known somewhat loosely as the Elizabethan drama. So, first English tragedy Gorbuda was written by Thomas Sackville and Thomas Norton and was acted in 1562 this is a very important date in Elizabethan drama only two years before the birth of Shakespeare it is remarkable not only as England's first tragedy, but as the first play to be written in blank words. So, the blank words of Shakespeare the later being most significant since it started the drama into the style of verse best suited to the genius of English playwrights blank verse became almost the the the most representative tool for drama writing. So, it was the influence of the continent that there are now second to English theatre the English drama like other literary branches had the enlivening influence from Italy you had seen the Italian influence in the sonnets now we see that Italian influence was equally strong in the way drama was written and the way the plays were performed from the medieval mystery and morality plays there was a sweeping advancement now to the division into into genres like comedies tragedies and history plays. So, now we find this variety of genres that are being opened up the main source of inspiration of the English tragedy was therefore, if we look at tragedy of the time it was Seneca a Latin dramatist of the age of narrow. The first English tragedy go with the Koffarex and Porex written by Thomas Norton was of the Seneca type what was this Seneca influence right. So, it was characterized by themes of revenge brought some melodrama, bombastic melodrama chorus would be there who would moralize, but do not participate it would open with a chorus may be a group or a single person and the five act structure has come in ghost would come in seeking revenge supernatural elements are there the stock characters would be there different ways that they will be representing the types they will be introspective moralizing hero who would be talking about his own dilemma or his turmoil and therefore, there will be a lot of soliloquies which will come soliloquies like interior monologue and you will find that this is how it went the Seneca influence more or less somewhere or the other influence Shakespeare too and a style which was characterized by bombast rant descriptions soliloquies a villain who is possessed and a lot of melodrama and a lot of pageantry would be there on the stage which the people liked a lot ok. Thomas gets the Spanish tragedy it sets of a wave of limitations that set the standard for Elizabethan tragedy it was the most popular play of the era. So, the underlying theme of the great part of Elizabethan literature if we look into this aspect is a conflict between the demonstrative individualism and the traditional sense of a moral order there was not a negating of the traditional sense, but at the same time the exploring of the what is new humanism alone was not the source of vitality in Shakespeare's theatre its vitality was due now the most important part in understanding Elizabethan theatre was contact with popular entertainment. I think I refer to you that it may have been during this age that the origins of popular culture had come in and by popular culture you mean that the literature becomes the possession of each one of us every one of us it is not of a elite alright and therefore popular entertainment and popular thinking. So, it was not just humanism it was not tradition it was this concern with the people or concern of disseminating ideas to the people that it was one of the most significant factors in understanding Elizabethan drama. Quickened by the reformation grammar schools universities had trained as students in Raderick with the aid of Seneca Terence or modern Latin imitation among the university with now we had talked about this group of of stars which had been the midst of so much of controversy in the universities we have Christopher Marlowe Christopher Marlowe's work and many people say that as a dramatist and as a poet I think there was if there is a parallel with Shakespeare only Marlowe's name can be somehow referred to that to not as close to what people would like to make the comparison apply. Philosophical depth in the classic play the so called dramatic unity is what had happened in the classic plays of that time the dramatic unit is of time plays an action where strictly observed it has to be in a single day the time also has to be of a particular time and the action has to be without any subplots without any parallel plots. The English drama on the other hand strove to represent the whole sweep of life in a single play the university to school or university wits as when of learning were called generally of drama upheld a classical ideal yes and ridiculed the crudeness of the new English plays in the end the native drama prevailed aided by the popular taste which had been trained by four centuries of miracles the English first play especially the romantic type who extremely crude and often led to ridiculously extravagant scenes. So, this two rival schools of the university wits and the actor play writes one who experimented more with popular taste and one who had more with the classical norms of representation and that the first in Malo the second in Shakespeare we have two leading ok we have Shakespeare and Malo a second phase will show us the triumph of the untremeled English play in tragedy and comedy furnished by Malo with the mighty line his blank verse but free to a great extent from the bombast and the unreal scheme which he did not shake off side by side if we study Shakespeare we will find we have to deal with a learned place of Johnson again who comes as a contemporary as also one of his later dramatist the proudful style of Chapman we have Marston and Decker. Therefore, Renosa drama if we have seen in the early stages or the Elizabethan stage the first great English dramatist is Christopher Malo forget about Thomas King he was he had based his Spanish tragedy of course on second model most popular yes but in the full form of national theatre the first great English dramatist is Malo. Malo's plays Tamboulane, Dr. Fosters Edward second you are Malta used the five x structure and the medium of blank verse which Shakespeare finds so productive. So, he was a learner in the way that he used the techniques of the manic dramatic representation and of course if Malo's Dr. Fosters if you read Drs. Fosters tragedy of Drs. Fosters even the lines will always will be mesmerizing in the use of the complete declimatory style of the blank verse and it is said to be the first great tragedy of humanism and the story of Fosters was taken from a popular pamphlet which was reproduced in ballet form as well it retraces the allegorical struggle between good and evil of early moralities though with the highly important difference that the central figure is no longer mankind but an individual hero. Therefore, we find that it is almost a representation of individual humanism or individual tragedy not like a type in morality plays though it takes on the themes of the morality plays this conflict between good and evil. This is a quote from Dr. Fosters. Fosters asks how comes it then that doubt out of hell to Mephistophilus the devil Mephistophilus says why this is hell nor am I out of it. This will be almost a prelude to the depiction of hell when we have in Milton's Paradise Lost. In the powerful view of Malta we have the same sort of presiding spirit of Machiavelli Machiavelli hero who stoops to no ends to achieve his goal and of course, there is a change in the individual destiny and so that violence takes on a coloring of grotesque satire. Robert Green was one of the first men of letters to make his profession another compatriot and a broad reading public. The best of his plays Friar Bacon and Friar Bungae and James Fort and Romantic Maddlies in which he seems to have been experimenting with the possibilities of varieties in a double or multiple plots. We cannot but mention Johnson's Everyman in his humor the drama of humors which was performed in 1598 and here specially important remarkable is Shakespeare was also in the cast. He became celebrity because of his humor's comedy and every man out of his humor was satirical comedies displaying Johnson's classical learning and his interest in formal experiment. Perhaps the most famous play right in the world we come to William Shakespeare from straight foot up on even road plays that are still performed in theaters across the world to this day. He was himself an actor we have named the age the age of Shakespeare and how he was deeply involved in the running of the theatrical company. He had no formal training like the Shakespeare plays. His 38 plays include tragedies such as Hamlet Othello, King Lear, comedies such as Midsommar's Nightdream, Twelfth Night and History plays such as Henry Fort part 1 and 4. He has been called the central son. It was in this world that William Shakespeare wrote and acted in his plays in the late 16th and early 17th centuries and Shakespeare's earliest identified plays his apprentice work shows his interest in a variety of Elizabethan dramatic tradition as I told you the history plays as well as Thomas Gates, Seneca influence. He was therefore, a very much a man of his time a man of the Elizabethan theater who learned to exploit brilliantly the stage craft the acting the public taste of his day. So, he was a consummate dramatist who could fill the space of the nation of the people. It happens very rarely in the history of literature that a craftsman who has a quite perfect control of his medium and his masterly ease in handling the techniques and convention of his day is also a universal genius of the highest order one who was so localized one who wanted to keep the pulse of the nation of the people at the same time used universal teams and unique ability to render experience in poetic language and an uncanny intuitive understanding of human psychology. So, Elizabethan tragedy we find there was a there was character which makes a man not fate is destiny, but character is destiny and it is less concerned with genre mixing of comedy and tragedy often character centered rather than plot centered. The history plays we have how he had made popular morality satirizing abuses and then he comes into writing about historical figures which comes close to the people. So, now when we look into the overview of the drama of the age there was the overview of drama for his originality volume, generic resemblance of character individual independence of trade, exuberance of inventive thought the Elizabethan drama stands alone in the history of the world and Shakespeare is supposed to be the only commenter on Shakespeare this is what one critic has said he is unequal as life is and this is the extraordinary and almost inexplicable difference not merely between him and all his contemporaries, but between him and all other writers every writer that you will be doing in this course or maybe you will be accounting in the ages that will follow you will find that he is always at the height of the particular situation and this inequality is uniquely illustrated in his plays. He was not of an age, but for all time his successors were Ben Johnson Bumont and Fletcher, Wester, Middleton, Haywood, Decker. So, we had done with the non-dramatic poets like Edmund Spenser Spenser the Thomas Seck, Seckville Michael Drayton and Philip Sidney. We had overview of the rise of the drama in England, the Miracle Place we had an overview of Shakespeare's predecessors, Lyley Kate, Nashville, Green Marlowe, the University of AIDS, the types of drama with which they experimented we had an overview of the prose writers in which Francis Bacon dominated and such an age of thought and feeling as we have seen and this section finds its best expression in the drama and at the center of the drama was Shakespeare and Shakespeare's successors and therefore, in concluding we say Shakespeare's period is generally regarded as the greatest in the history of English literature. Historically therefore, we note in this age the tremendous impetus received from the renasa, from the reformation and from the exploration of the new world. It was marked by strong national spirit, by patriotism, by religious tolerance, by social content, by intellectual progress and by unbounded enthusiasm. So, the discussion of the stories when you look into it, we can look into the significance of Wight and Surrey in the poetical representation and how the age was mainly dominated by the spirit of romance and how the age of Shakespeare was in part the spirit of experimentation and the rise and concept of nationalism. These are some of the refer texts GM Traveling English Social History which is very important for understanding the social conditions of any age and Cambridge history of English literature and David Dioces and some of the other books which are mentioned here.


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OTAN, Outreach and Technical Assistance Network. Good afternoon, everybody, and I wish I was there in Sacramento with you, but I'm Melissa Patterson. I'm the director of Garden Grove Adult Education. And I'm Elisa Takayuchi. I'm an ESL instructor and a newly CTE instructor for Garden Grove Adult Education. And this is a shot of our campus. And I just wanted to let you know that we are centrally located in the east portion of Santa Ana. And we sit alongside two very busy intersections and excited to say that we have a nine acre campus. So we're very large and lots of parking and this busy street. You can't see it, but this is the reason we'll get a little bit further and talking about our marquee and marketing program, but you can see it in the back. And this lovely tree that provided shade is not was not safe and they have taken that away. So we're excited to see that the front of our campus is very warm and welcoming to our community. So let's go ahead and talk about our staff. As far as our teachers go, we have 29 part time teachers, and we are very fortunate now that our consortium has provided us with two full time TOSAS teachers on special assignments, who are here to help us navigate through the systems and they're able to support and to really connect us with our other adult agencies in our consortia in our consortium and then all of our community colleges as well. We house ESL, ABE, HSC, AWD, CTE, and we provide classes in the morning, the afternoon and the evenings and then also on Friday mornings we have our citizenship classes. So currently we serve adults between 18 and 80, and I'm proud to say we have a little over 1600 students who are active. While this is down significantly from our pre pandemic days, it is also increased significantly from that. This year in DLAC, which was that 2021 school year. And as you can see the bulk of our students are in our ESL program, but we are very proud of our very large citizenship, and our adult high school diploma program. And we also have an adults with disabilities program, and we serve 24 cities, and I counted up today 46 different zip codes for make up the attendance of our community. And because of that unique situation we are actually in three consortia. So we are active adult educators in three different consortia so we have to pull our weight in different directions to meet the needs for all three of those. One of our biggest goals and our transitions from pandemic to opening up our classroom is the high flex instruction. We've been very, very fortunate in that we were able to open up our school very early because Orange County went into the orange tier very quickly and so garden mandated that school go back in person. And so Melissa very much advocated to our district, our board because adults are different they're in a different situation. And so we have a lot of seniors in our class and they just weren't ready to come back into the classroom, and we would have lost a lot of students. And so she advocated for us and they did allow us to have online classes at the same time. So Melissa was able to really look forward into our future and say, Yes, we want to do instead of hybrid, you know, different times of blended learning, we were going to do simultaneous instruction. So this was a that was a picture of us at the very beginning where I had four in class students from the remote students, and most of them were still stayed on as zoom students. But then, when the new school year started in September, then the tides kind of changed and now we have much more in class students than we do zoom students, but we are still offering the zoom option, because we just, you know, we still wanted to make sure that we broke down the barriers for our students and that they were able to choose their instruction model. So, when we decided to do D lack, when I decided to do the lack. Melissa was a brand new director, she had just started, you know, we're right in the middle, we're right at the beginning of the pandemic. And I said, you know, I think this might be a really good program for us. And so, I know it's going to be a lot of work and, you know, being a brand new adult education administrator, it was going to add on to and she said, No, I'm right there with you, because I think that it really helped her to organize, and to really foresee how adult education works. And so she was an ESL, adult adult instructor with me, 18 years ago, and then she was also our night administrator, you know, once every couple of weeks, she she knew kind of how the process was but then to be delved into it in a full time position. It was really, really mind boggling just the acronyms alone. She was very much pushed back and so being part of the D lack program was really helpful for us to kind of sit back and say, What are the goals for us, what do we really need to do. And one of the big things also was that we had many, many goals because it was a new transition for us into remote from remote to high flex. We had a lot of short term goals, and we really couldn't see the future of two years like what is a two year goal to us we need, we had eight, you know, one month goals we had to move these up very quickly. And so, listed on the slide you can see that you know a lot of these were what many of you have already talked about, you know, creating an orientation, and increase our marketing and social media, and then really just kind of figuring out how does the high flex model work. And so through that we really did a lot of trial and error, and we were really really excited about this so because of this, we have been able really to reach out to a lot of you who have had questions because you knew you were going to be kind of used us as the learning experience, you know, learn from our mistakes, and our trials and errors and we were able to do that through lots of presentations and a lot of trainings. Yes. And like Elisa said, even though DLAC was yet another acronym to add to the pages and pages of acronyms, it's just been really the best choice. And so when Garden Grove mandated that we open up our campuses. And part of that was, how do we tell our students that we're here and that we're offering this high flex model so we looked at our marketing programs and I saw in previous years and printing alone a multicolored beautiful brochure and sending that out it was over $20,000 a year. Before we paid postage and all of those other things and so I wanted to really look at a cost effective way and DLAC really guided us open this conversation and allowed us to say, you know, examine this and what are you doing so we created this postcard. And I really think it transformed, because it gave me a bigger budget to apply to other areas of marketing, hence the marquee that I talked about. And I think the, we have gone to the online registration so we wanted to let our students know look you don't need this color for sure there's there's a safe way for you to access the catalogs. I also wrote personal letters to every single administrator in the district and I sent these flyer these postcards to them. And then Alisa was so great about using her connections prior to the pandemic and we got the city of Garden Grove to actually put our link on their city website. So, like all of you went to you were able to open up your doors and you know invite students in. We had to figure out how do we orient our students so that they are the most successful that they can be on no matter what platform they chose, whether it was online or in person so we created two different orientations. So we created the in class orientation, which at the time because we were only online we're only remote directly for one year. So from March to March. So March of 2021 we opened up our doors again so we had a lot of health mandates we had to do temperature checks we had to do health screenings and things like that so we had to you know let our students know the on the brand new students who were coming to class, you know how that process works so that they felt safe they felt comfortable, and that you know we were meeting their agreements of the county. And then also with our online situation, most of our students they learned the hard way like we did at the very beginning of the pandemic and they kind of suffered through with us, but now we're having some new students come in, you know we really wanted to create an online orientation for them, so that they knew how to, you know, even get into a zoom account how do they mute how do they unmute how do they stop video start video, things like that so that when they actually went into their classroom, they were already prepared the teachers didn't have to take it upon themselves to go through that training with them and that really really helped us. And like all of you, or most of you, we also went from a paper registration form that was in triplicates to an online registration form that was offered in three of our most used languages, and this really streamlined the process of collecting data and registration as well but it also freed up the clerks that I needed to be able to support our orientation program so we it was a pleasant surprise and in addition to that it allowed me to gather data that I began sharing with the teachers really enlightening them to about the students who are coming and the process of registering our students. The team has really grown and benefited from the 102 course I want to say probably the most impactful part of that was the sessions on rubrics, and we really, at least and I kind of grabbed that and took that and we not only use them to look at the literature purchases that I wanted to know already I invested so much that we created rubrics to go to our staff and our students and ask them about our cameras, ask them about those online learning management systems like English adjunuity lexicon, and they expanded online portions of ventures. And then what we did is we transfer those from paper rubrics into Google forms. And that as you know when you use a Google form it allows you to really have powerful data discussions and as I said that's what I learned from the 102 course also was how to really help my staff be better data informed. So if you'll see and then next slide, when you take the Google form, and you break it down like this it gives us these nice pie charts and so these became discussions these are responses from the teachers version, asking them about the Al camera, but the student versions were similar, and if you can see the red and the blue are both the highest ratings superior and strong. So we learned rather quickly that our teachers really preferred them for different reasons but so did our students and I could share that information back and So with the challenges and barriers that we faced, you know in the last two years, instead of kind of writing this list down we really sat down and reflected on the past two years, not just from the D like program which really, you know really helped us, but also when just looking back through all the things that we did, you know the high flex all of our goals. And so we asked ourselves some of these questions about, you know, are the changes that we made with the marketing, were they cost effective were they leading to the increase enrollment that we were hoping for. Did we make sure that all students receive communication after an attend orientation, because that was one of our barriers there is that we would, they would register online we would send them information about coming to orientation and then a lot of them just wouldn't show up we had a whole list. And a lot of them just didn't show up and we didn't understand where that disconnection was from. Well what we found out was that a lot of students said that they didn't receive our email because they were going into their junk mail or their spam and they don't know they don't have that access to understand to check those things. Even for us that that's you know sometimes we find things that we you know somebody has sent us a long time ago. So what we did was to resolve that issue was that our liaisons would actually call them or text them. And because we know that they, they, the students will respond better on phone. Also we wanted to make sure that the teachers felt supported and trained for this high flex. We start we did a roll out. We had about eight that came in right away and so eight of us practiced with it and played with it and then we developed kind of a training system for the other teachers, when we received all the other owls. And so that's been really helpful for them. So now our goals for year two is that we really wanted to incorporate what Melissa was saying about the surveys, and also to continue with that we, we were very fortunate unfortunate that we had wask and sip and D like all at the same time. And so instead of really kind of doing different things we really used our experience through D like to create these goals, and to incorporate them in our wask and in our sip and that really helped us a lot. We really stayed consistent and what we wanted to do for our agency. And so we, as an agency we developed our new student learning outcomes are slows, and we now call them lead, and we really utilize that with all of our students that we really make sure that they are doing this is what we, this is what we are doing for them. So our takeaways from D lack. We really appreciated Dr porters. And, and destinies, they encourage us to take risks, and the things we covered in 101 and 102 were great, the collaboration with our coach and Tustin adult school forever grateful for that. And, of course, destiny Dr Porter all the oh 10 leaders. In our next slide we have a couple more things to talk about. I know we're running out of time. But thank you, Dr Porter really using and encouraging the strengths, identifying leaders on our campus. Effective. Very highly effective team. That's my own timer. Setting a culture for change and learning handling conflict. And finally, I really have to I'm so excited about what we, I learned and what we're learning going to continue to learn through cultural proficiency, just a greater awareness of our implicit biases creating an inclusive and supporting campus and, and that's really going to be taking us as we move forward. I just really want to wrap this up and say a huge thank you of course to our coach, Susan culture, and Tiffany and netta for all the support that they have provided for us and of course all of you. Thanks.


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