Hi friends, welcome back to my channel and a very special welcome. If you're new here, my name is Jen. I'm a certified weight loss and nutrition coach and it is Friday, so it is way in day, post another vacation. We're gonna talk about this week's Weight Watchers Workshop topic my week and we're going to set some goals for the month of November since we are just starting November. I can't believe this year is almost over. We're gonna talk about that too.  Make sure you're subscribed, your bell notification is turned on because I do a weigh in every Friday and I actually upload five videos every single week. Check out the description box down below where I will link nutrition coaching. I do offer personalized 2U macros and calories. Highly, highly recommend. This is what I have followed to lose 140 pounds and maintain that weight loss. I also have one-on-one coaching for questions, accountability or if you would like to chat with me directly. Links and discounts to my favorite healthy things are also down in that description box as well as my Facebook group coming over join us. We would love to have you. So let's jump into my week, setting some goals to finish out the year, the Weight Watchers Workshop topic and weigh in post another vacation. Friends, I hope you had an amazing, amazing a week. I had an amazing week because I spent a big portion of it in San Antonio, Texas at a nutrition conference where I went as a weight loss and nutrition coach. I spent so much amazing time with my core group of friends, my friend Amy who I had plastic surgery with, my friend Michelle and Henry who you have seen time and time again here on my channel, my friend Michelle from Australia is the Michelle that I'm referring to. I have a second friend, Michelle, a friend Francesca and Camille. We had the most amazing time on our trip to San Antonio. I'll pop a couple of pictures in here and I actually talked a little bit about my trip and put in many more photos in Wednesday's What I Eat in a Day video. So if you missed that, I'll link that video down below for you. I kind of go more into detail about my trip and pop in lots and lots of pictures. Talk about a little bit of a non-skill victory with the dress that I wore. So definitely check out Wednesday's What I Eat in a Day. So I just finished my boot camp workout. I got right back to working out. The minute I came back from San Antonio, Wednesday I was at boot camp, this morning I was at boot camp. I lifted weights in the gym yesterday and I have a weightlifting packed weekend. I mean Saturday and Sunday I am going to be lifting lots and lots of weights. So when I came home from boot camp this morning before I sat down to film today's video, I mixed up my motivate recovery and it got me thinking about the motivate energy bundle. This bundle is currently on sale for $10 off on the motivate website and then I have a 20% off discount. So this is the time for the energy bundle. I just purchased this for myself and I've also purchased something from motivate that's new to them that I'm so excited about and that is creatine. Now you may be thinking I don't lift weights. I'm not a bodybuilder. I don't want to take creatine. Everybody should be taking creatine. So I want to talk to you a little bit about this but first let me tell you what's in the energy bundle. So these are the two products that come in the energy bundle. You guys know I love motivate burn. Let's just talk about their new packaging. Like I said, I just ordered this for myself. This is a brand new one. Haven't even opened it yet. This is the cotton candy burn and then the motivate recovery. This is the kiwi strawberry. This one's open. I did order a second kiwi strawberry. These two items automatically come in the bundle. If you don't want the motivate burn powder you can get the motivate burn capsules. Same benefits of the burn in a capsule form. Let's talk about motivate burn. Your choice of the powder or the capsules in the bundle.  Helps reduce appetite, supports enhanced mood, feel good energy and helps burn fat. Simply put a scoop of it in 12 to 16 ounces of iced water before a workout or as a replacement for your morning coffee. Now I typically use burn as an afternoon pick me up as well. I love to just mix it into some water. Not only do you get in your water but you're getting all of the burn benefits. I love the cotton candy flavor. Actually all of the burn flavors are really good. In the bundle you have the choice of cherry lemonade, cotton candy, island punch, watermelon, mixed berry, orange burst or you can get their no-stem version. So the no-stem version does not have caffeine. Motivate burn regular has caffeine. If you're sensitive to caffeine pick up the Miami lemonade or the strawberry kiwi in the no-stem. Sometimes I use the no-stem if I've had a lot of coffee and I just want the other benefits of burn, the energy, the focus, the fat burning all mix up the no-stem but you do have the option to choose that as well. And like I said, you can also choose the capsules. Now I take these when I travel or if I don't take the capsules I will take the little burn packets. Now these do not come as part of the energy bundle but you can purchase these separately on the Motivate website. But what you're going to get is a little single serve to go packets of Motivate Burn. Now this one is in the flavor watermelon. That's one of my favorite Motivate Burn flavors. I love to take these on the go. They're like the little crystallite packets.  You can also get no-stem packets as well. So either one of these are great for on the go. Now the other product that comes in the energy bundle is the Motivate Recovery. Combines BCAAs, EAAs, L-glutamine, Hydromax, electrolytes, magnesium, sodium, potassium and L-citroline to provide fuel for hard working muscles. The recovery formula is perfect for nourishing your muscles allowing rapid recovery. Ultimate hydration formula supports faster recovery, helps with endurance and helps enhance muscle repair. So what I do is I use this after I work out. I put it in a full bottle of water. It tastes amazing and you get all of the recovery benefits. Whether you're just doing cardio or lifting weights your muscles are broken down. Even taking a walk, you're moving your body. You're breaking down your muscles. So using a recovery is really excellent after any workout. In my recovery post-workout I'm mixing their creatine. Now like I said, everybody should be taking creatine. It's not just for people who work out. Creatine is something our body doesn't make naturally and it's a supplement that's recommended for everyone. This is Pure Creatine Monohydrate which is the best option for creatine. It helps elevate your fitness game because it's a powerhouse supplement that revolutionizes your workouts and helps you reach new heights in your performance. It is unflavored, super easy to mix. So like I said, I just mix it into my Motivate Recovery. It allows for explosive strength. Say hello to increased muscle strength that will have you breezing through your toughest lifts and challenges. Also it gives you enhanced endurance. Push your limits further than ever before. This creatine formula helps boost your endurance letting you conquer longer workouts and take your stamina to the next level. It also helps with rapid recovery. So it helps with every move and just your overall performance whether it's lifting, sprinting, intense cardio. It gives you the edge you need to outperform your own expectations. It also helps support your cognitive function and overall wellness. Simply mix a scoop of this formula with any other formulas. Burn, recovery, greeds or even their protein and power through your wellness journey. Completely unflavored. So like I said, you can mix it into anything. Sometimes I like to put it in my Recovery Post workout. I often utilize Motivate Burn as a pre-workout so I'll mix it into that. It's just a supplement that you need for your body whether you're lifting weights or not whether it's cardio, strength training, hit training, sprinting, long distance running or really just taking a walk around your neighborhood. Creatine is essential. And you can use my 20% off discount to save on this as well. So I will link Motivate all these amazing products down below for you but I thought I'd share it with you since I literally just mixed up these two together post workout. So like I said, I just got back from a second vacation two weeks after my vacation to Hawaii. So I do have to say I'm happy to be home. Troy and I were heading to Sedona, Arizona for one night. My mom actually flies in tomorrow. She's going to be spending some time with us. I have not seen her since I moved to Arizona. So she's probably gonna be a little shocked when she sees me because I've lost quite a bit of weight over the last year and a half of living in Arizona. So I'm excited to see her spend time with her. She is going to watch Palmer and Lola for us so that we can go to Sedona. If you didn't know, Troy's birthday is November 17th. My birthday is November 18th and our wedding anniversary is November 17th. We actually got married on Troy's birthday. So we're going to Sedona to celebrate all of that since my mom is here to watch our dogs. We're going to my in-laws for dinner.  I wanna take her on some walks, some hiking and sightseeing around Arizona. So although I'm back from vacation, I still have another little, I have another event coming up here tomorrow with my mom flying in. Luckily I could control the food and things that I'm preparing and eating while my mom's here. My mother, my in-laws are very healthy so I'm sure we'll have a healthy dinner going over there. I'm sure we'll eat out but eating out isn't an issue for me. I'm just happy to be back in my own bed. Seeing my dogs, I really miss Lola and Palmer and Troy when I was gone and now I don't have any more trips planned until February so I'm going to really enjoy the holidays and the new year and really get focused on my fitness goals. More of that coming here in the next couple of weeks. I'm gonna be sharing my body scan results, changes coming to my channel. There's a lot of changes in my life when it comes to my fitness and my weight loss. So that'll be coming up here in the next couple of weeks but my vacation was wonderful. I'm back, we'll talk about my weigh-in after we talk about this week's Weight Watcher's Workshop topic which is how to create a weight tracking routine. Another fantastic topic. Do you ever forget to step on the scale? I know you're probably going, yeah, no. I step on the scale way more than I should but there are people, I promise, there are people out there that forget to step on the scale and really this is when we can get into trouble. We need to keep a thumb, a tab on our weight. Whether you weigh daily, weekly, every two weeks, once a month, you need to keep a tab on your weight so forgetting to weigh yourself can really get us going down the wrong road.  We need to boost our confidence and we need to understand weight fluctuation so weighing yourself regularly is important to see those weight fluctuations, to understand what your body is doing and really most importantly to keep a tab on your weight. So there are some things we can try when it comes to figuring out our weighing in routine. Try this, when and how often will you weigh yourself? Choose a frequency between once a day and once a week. Then pick a day and time you can stick with like first thing in the morning. Number two, how will you boost your confidence beforehand before getting on the scale? Try reflecting on a non-scale victory since you're last weigh in and then pump yourself up with music or relax with a few deep mindful breaths. Then number three, what will you say to yourself when you track your weight in your app? Put the number in perspective, the scale is just one measure and then consider encouraging words like I am strong or keep on, keep it on. And number four, what health promoting action will you do afterwards? It can be as simple as drinking a glass of water or going for a short walk. Then prep or pre-track your next meal. Right now your action plan, day, time, location, I'll weigh myself is. Before I step on the scale, I will. When I track my weight, I'll say to myself and what I'll do right after weighing in. It's really important to not only weigh yourself regularly but understand weight fluctuations and understand that the scale will fluctuate. You can do everything right and the scale may not move but maybe your body's changing.  In my opinion, this measurement of your overall success is way more important than the scale. You guys know I always say the scale is one measurement of success and not nearly the most important and the scale measures mass. Bone, water, fat, lean muscle, you might need to go to the bathroom. The scale is going to measure it all is mass. So although we do want to weigh ourselves regularly, we don't want to focus 100% on the scale. We want to focus on non-scale related things. Maybe you hit a plateau and you don't want to see the same number again or maybe you're going through a phase in your weight loss journey where you're seeing a lot of weight fluctuations and not in the right direction. We can tend to get into what is called the Ostrich Effect. The Ostrich Effect is the tendency to bury your head in the sand to avoid potentially unpleasant information or feelings. We cannot do this. We need to conquer these head on. We need to know that weight fluctuation is normal. We need to know we're going to have weight ups, weight down. We're going to do everything right and it's not going to show on the scale. You need to learn to accept that and not let the scale dictate your mood. Now if you are someone that can look at the scale as data, I weigh myself every morning and every night. It doesn't affect me one way or another. You guys know that. I share my weigh in every single week. If it affects you, maybe weigh yourself once a week or every two weeks. My recommendation for you would to never go more than one month without weighing in. Checking in, keeping your thumb on your weight. I do want to share three fast facts from Weight Watchers with you. Number one, weighing yourself frequently is associated with greater weight loss. Number two, aim to step on the scale between once a day and once a week. And number three, tracking your weight often can take the pressure off of any one day or number to help you recognize that fluctuations are normal. It is important to weigh yourself regularly. And until you've healed your relationship with the scale, don't weigh daily. If it bothers you to see weight fluctuation or you don't understand why your weight is fluctuating, don't weigh yourself daily. If you want to understand weight fluctuations, I actually did a whole video on my nutrition channel about weight fluctuation. I'll link the video in the description box for you. I highly recommend checking it out if you don't understand or can't comprehend or deal with weight fluctuations. And make sure you're subscribed to my nutrition channel. I put a lot of nutrition content out over there. That's the place to go for that. But make sure that you're keeping that tab on your weight. Weigh once a week, every two weeks, once a month at minimum. Never go more than a month without weighing yourself. Speaking of weighing yourself, let's talk about my weight post vacation. So if you watch my channel or you keep up, you know that I actually lost a pound when I went to Hawaii. I then flexed up just about 0.4 and I was at that same 0.4 gain before I went on my trip to San Antonio. So when I came back from my trip weighing in today, now I came back on Monday, so it's been four or five days since returning from my trip. I will tell you that I weighed Tuesday morning and I was up on the scale about 0.8, so almost a full pound. When I stepped on the scale today, I am actually down 0.2 from when I went to San Antonio. So guess what? That was a weight fluctuation. I didn't gain 0.8 on my trip. I maintained my weight and that was a weight fluctuation and by the end of the week, a few days later, getting back on track, eating right, drinking my water, doing my workouts. Here we are, 0.2 down. So I'm still up 0.2 from the lowest weight, but that's fine. Like I told you guys, my goal was to maintain my weight, which is exactly what I did. I've also been lifting a lot more heavy and a little bit longer. Again, that video is coming out. I'm holding off because I'm still putting pieces together for that video. I want it to be completely comprehensive and really be able to go into detail for you, so I'm waiting to put a few more pieces together, but I promise it's coming mid-November. So 0.2 down, feeling really good, happy that that's what happened going on vacation and understanding that the scale only measures one thing of my overall weight loss success. It measures mass and I feel really good about losing 0.2. So now I wanna hear from you guys. How was your week? How was your weigh-in? Let me know everything down below and let me know your thoughts on weighing. Are you someone that takes the scale as data and moves on or does the scale negatively affect you? And don't forget to watch my weight fluctuation video. Very, very good information. It's also linked down below for you, along with nutrition coaching, links and discounts to my favorite things and come join our Facebook group. We would love to have you. I will also have Motivate with that 20% off discount linked down below for you. I'll have the, for the energy bundle, the creatine and all of the other amazing Motivate products. It'll be at the top of the description box for you. And don't forget to thumbs up and subscribe and I will see you all in tomorrow's grocery haul. Bye friends.


Yeah, I can't be on cells. I got good working at Red Hat. I think most people know me here, so maybe not. I'm working actually on LibreOffice and before that, openoffice.org and before that on StarOffice already since, well, 23 years now. And during that time, I think starting at 2001, I think I gave the first talk about that on the first openoffice.org conference and since then, I've always dived deeper into the source code with each talk until last year where I explained some details how I implemented table structure references and after that talk, I just saw blank faces staring at me and looked like nobody could follow me, I don't know and nobody either had a question. So this year, I wanted to talk about some new feature or whatever and then when I thought about it, what I would pick, I really had no idea what to do and I thought, well, maybe why not just introduce who is working on these things and from a good contributor's side and I'm not talking about features, you can read those in release note and anyway, but I just spent some time on drawing data from the Git repository to get some numbers and to either rectify or verify some assumption I had and maybe you already had from Iterloo the word longtail, which is about contributors to an open source project where you always have this curve. So few people are contributing very much, have many, many commits and then the longtail is the many people who contribute from one to ten commits, maybe and there is some number that if you take the number of commits and divide it by two, you get some number and that number of commits is most times done by three, two, six, to maybe ten people and for the entire Libre office, we have this number already fulfilled for the top five committers and which is just 1.7% of all authors and these contributed half of all commits and I just wanted to find out if that is the same or not in KUG, what do you expect? Would it be the similar distribution or would it be like one peak and then fall down and whatever, how many contributors are there? That's my idea. I assume we would be maybe five core contributors and ten people working a little bit more on it, maybe 20, 30, I don't know, who now and then contributed one commit or so and I was quite surprised to find almost the exact distribution also in KUG. We have there the 2,100-something commits and 1,000 centering is the half and the top four authors contributed half of the commits and the other half is done by, well in this case, 103 authors. So there are more authors than I thought actually so seems I missed every single commit of all the people who just did one commit or something because I never noticed them and yeah, it simply is the same long tail so if you just contributed one commit it means you contributed to one half of the entire changes of character like in all the other authors. Doing these numbers for Calc and the entire labor office and it just occurred to me that there's some fun factor in that I call it the fifth fun factor here. I have no idea if it is something meaningful or not and I checked also in the right end there it is about the same number that is the average number of commits per author in relation to the total number of authors. If you divide one by the other you get the factor of about five. It varies between projects between four and six something which of course is related to the number of top committers and the average number and this relation shifts this factor around. So my assumption is if this factor varies a lot and is much higher than these five then the fun of the project goes away because you only have people working full-time on the project and no one else is contributing to it. So you can do the math with the numbers for yourself. I'll give the actual commands later. So I'm not sure if this number has any meaning but it just occurred to me on the spot just with the I without any calculating things and then after that I did the same for the writer and found about the same number there. So the engagement and diversity in the project can be expressed actually by two numbers one other than the average is the median which means 50% of the authors commit more than this number and 50% of the authors commit less than this number of commits and then there is the ratio of the average to the median and the nearer that one goes to one the more conform the project is the more equal is the distribution of commits per people which means the nearer it goes to one the less you have this long tail but you have a more or less flat line. If it's one it's a flat line exactly or almost exactly and so here we have numbers for example for the entire labor office project it's about 13.5 and for Kalk it's 6.7 and for writer 9.5 so I think same numbers are between 5 and 15 here. I'm doing the same for a lot fund project so we have a particular project with four authors where each author contributes more or less the same of course one is always more busy than the others but there are only four people working on it and they contribute about the same amounts you have in this case the top two do half of the work the other half of the work and actually the fund factor I had before here is not five but it's 0.016 so there is no fund and this average ratio to the ratio from average to median I mentioned on this slide before is exactly one so the average is 250, median is 250 exactly one flat line and so there is no diversity there is no people coming in doing something wondering of coming back after a year whatever it's just steady work so there is no diversity and this project has no fund factor the commit types and calcs so of these 2100 commits we have 444 code cleanups and fix it mainly by Noel Drennan with all his plug-ins and Stefan Bergman coming along fixing things after Noel broke them whatever and we have 42 covariate bugs for example mostly done by Cuellen and we have 570 bug related commits bug related here just means the bug number is mentioned somewhere in the commit summary and this of course includes also enhancements or feature requests and whatever so these things were touched by 77 authors which is about 3 quarters of all committers of that, 114 commits are in the QA unit test directory only the bug fix related unit tests so that basically means these commits actually edit most times edit some tests that is related to the bug that was fixed we have over a thousand commits without bug numbers which means just someone implemented something changed some code or removed some code whatever without there being a bug for it just out of interest or just just to implement something like I do I move things around or change code whatever without a bug number I just commit things so half of the commits are just let's do something we don't have an actually bug reason for that and that can be actually anything it can be a small change to the largest scale feature whatever it takes of these over a thousand commits we had 419 commits in the unit tests which is quite much and also given that 30 authors are involved in that it's quite a high number and of these 419 or 219 the new spreadsheet function tests that RAL does, then they always forget the real name, only remember his actual nickname these are all the new function test documents we have so for each function there's one flat ODS document that tests this function or can test the function in various aspects with different parameters and things so that still leaves 200 unit tests or unit test commits added to the entire collect that tests something else without any bug number to improve the quality then we have the commits that actually mentioned some TDF bug number so we have 566 commits with a TDF bug number and ranging from very old commits like 30,456 which is about, I think it was reported already beginning of 2011 and also the next one also at the end of 2011 until the 100,001 something which is just this summer and both the oldest ones are one enhanced merge cells dialogue to empty cells where you can now choose between whether you want to empty you want to combine the first cell or keep the strings in the cells where they were just improve the precision of the MD term function which in some cases didn't produce an exact number or should it produce one but not whatever and in these 566 commits with the TDF bug number there were 327 unique bug numbers so many bug numbers were mentioned more than once in the commit summary and in the top 5 there were my own implementation of the white cards that I did for Excel compatibility and ease of use for some users that we can use instead of the regular expressions and then of course many commits for the new Excel functions that Winfried implemented unfortunately is not here maybe we will come to Fossum next year and well translate German comments are still ongoing it seems we still have 10 commits with that bug number so we also still have German comments I just saw some the other day and so on some bug numbers with E7 commits and so on the list is very long I can show you if you are interested I put all in the pivot table where they are counted then we have next of course we have many lines changed so under the entire SC module we had 583,000 no, 58,385 lines removed but 7168,440 lines added so quite a big ratio also split this into the different sub directories core filter UI and QA and for the graphs the top graph shows the stacked percentage graph there and the middle one is including these function tests from RAL so you actually see each function test document which is about, I don't know 40,000 lines something it's a flat ODS it's an XML file and of course the lines are duplicated and multiplicated whatever and so stripping that out to get a real picture the third column there is the actual distribution without these function test documents so you can have some picture of how the changes are distributed over the core filter UI and QA directories and the graph below is just the same just with the actual number stacked not as a percentage so what is visible that is for example in core much is implemented more is implemented than removed for example in filter it's a little bit the other way around removing more code from the filters and actually adding which has the reason that the XLSX filter code originally used UNO to call back to the calc core and we are replacing that bit by bit with direct calls and then weeding out the UNO stuff and things like that so that actually gets less code instead of more even though we are able to import more things than before you can also see much is going on in still a new UI there and well the include directory always is touched as well if you do changes so that's not that important some commands are used to gather these statistics so when I place this online you can do that for other project as well if you want so basically always get short lock and get lock and of course for line changes I just did a get diff based on the commit one year ago and so I do some SED magic there to form a proper line there so you can just import it as a CSV file and evaluate things in calc to generate graphs or get statistics whatever yes all these are done without using .mailmap file which can be used for get lock commands some authors can have different email addresses or even use different real names and you can add these to the .mailmap file I didn't do that I just skimmed over it and I think we have about three AESs in calc so I just ignored that and there are a few more on the entire project we have about ten AES cases where authors show up as different authors even if they are one over the entire project so one could add these but what mean to skim over a thousand people and spot which email address could belong to the other guy as well yeah I didn't do that just one fun graphic the last these are the commits per hour of a week this is from the entire project actually that's not only calc so that's just what hours of the daytime do people commit and of course the night times are very rarely used but even there at four o'clock or five o'clock or six o'clock people do commits there's always a local time that's not UTC and we have actually one spike that's this huge red pile and that strangely is Tuesday at eleven o'clock I don't know why so maybe people who were working over the weekend and still take a look on their code on Monday again and then finally they're committed on Tuesday maybe I don't know the idea is not very visible here it's a light blue one it's always around seventeen in the afternoon so before people leave work I assume so these light blue ones so you see in the background there so that's the other spike there and Tuesday was funny so questions you're able to answer mean questions get mean answers


Notes from the edge of the narrative matrix. The Washington Post reports that in recent days the Biden administration has quietly signed off on sending Israel billions of dollars worth of fighter jets and the 2,000 pound bombs that have been causing so much death and destruction in Gaza, even as Israel prepares to launch a bloody assault on the strip's densely populated southernmost point. Literally just completely ignore every single thing US officials say about the need to protect civilians and how Biden's feelings are privately frustrated with Netanyahu. Just ignore their entire narrative about what their goals are in Gaza. Their actions make it clear. Protesters from Palestine Action have forced Israel-based arms dealer Elbit Systems to permanently close one of its factories in the UK as demonstrators have made it too difficult for the factory to operate. We'll never vote the empire away, but we might someday be able to direct action it away. Video footage has surfaced of IDF troops murdering two unarmed Palestinians in cold blood and then burying their bodies with bulldozers to conceal their crime. This is surely not anywhere close to the first time such a thing has happened in Gaza and is yet another sign that the death toll from this onslaught is probably a massive undercount. Israel's assault on Gaza features heavy earth-moving equipment more extensively than any other military operation anyone's ever seen. One reason is because it's a great way to destroy Palestinian homes. Another reason is because it's a great way to hide dead Palestinian bodies. An IDF commander has told Israeli media that on October 7th he made the decision to fire on vehicles he knew could have Israelis in them because, quote, it's better to stop the abduction and that they not be taken. Adding more weight to the mountain of evidence that Israeli troops fired on Israelis on October 7th to prevent them from being taken hostage. Israeli bombs and blockades have been picking off the remaining hostages ever since, with Israel now estimating that only 60 to 70 of the 134 hostages are still alive. Whenever you run into an Israel apologist who is defending against criticisms of Israel's actions in Gaza by saying, Hamas just needs to release the hostages and this all ends. Maybe go ahead and remind them of this. ADL chief Jonathan Greenblatt just went on MSNBC's Morning Joe and compared wearing a Palestinian kafia to wearing a Nazi armband.  Any screaming schizophrenic off the street would be just as qualified as Greenblatt. A former ranking IDF officer has told Haaretz that Israel is conducting a war of cruel rich people, which is causing many times more destruction than necessary to accomplish its stated objectives against Hamas. In principle, it would be possible to arrive at similar achievements with 10% of the destruction we have caused, the unnamed source told Haaretz. 10% Israel is causing 10 times more damage than it needs to to achieve its stated objectives, because its state of objectives are false. Israel's real goal is not to defeat Hamas, it's to grab a bunch of land from a Palestinian territory. Of all the pants on head, idiotic things, Israel and its apologists ask us to believe, the UN just hates Israel for no good reason so all its claims should be dismissed is definitely among the dumbest. Israel apologists constantly claiming the UN is anti-Semitic and treats Israel unfairly remind you of a boy who never does any homework and keeps saying his bad grades are because his teacher hates him. The UN talks about Israel a lot because Israel is a murderous criminal regime. If you still have any doubt that we live in a profoundly sick dystopia as deranged as anything that's ever been imagined in fiction, take note of the fact that the most powerful empire in history is currently trying to propagandize you into thinking an obvious genocide is fine.  They lied about rape so that they could rape. They lied about Hamas using civilians as human shields so that they could use civilians as human targets. They lie about being victims so that they can victimize.


Welcome to DjangoCon and good morning. So this talk is a novice level talk and my purpose is for novices to get familiar with the terminology of APIs. And for me to give them the confidence to explore Django REST framework on their own is REST. What is RESTful kind of gets talked about a lot. Really it's just an architecture. And for the purpose of web APIs, it has a few properties that define a RESTful API. It has to be stateless. So, you know, the client doesn't have to maintain any sort of knowledge about the server. Each request is kind of made as if it were fresh. It supports common HTTP methods such as, actually we'll see some on the next slide. And it returns internet media types like JSON or XML. So HTTP verbs, these are the five of them. We have a post get, put, patch and delete. It's like crime, sort of, not quite. So we use them to perform operations on different endpoints. And our endpoints are gonna look kind of like this. So that first endpoint, if we call a get on it, it will return a collection of all users. The second endpoint, we wanna pass it an ID and it will return, if we call a get on it, it will return the single user at that ID. So, some of the other HTTP verbs, how would they look like if we called them on these endpoints? If we called a post on our first endpoint, it would create a new user. If we called a delete on an endpoint with just an ID, it would delete that single user. If we called delete on our user's collection, it would delete all the users. So, not very good. And here are some common HTTP response codes that you'll probably see when you're using your API. So, 200 is okay, 201, if you call a post on an endpoint and 201 is returned, that means that resource was created. 401 is not authorized. So, the endpoint requires some sort of authentication like a token and you did not provide it. For a four common one, the server did not find the resource that you requested and 500 is a server error. So, idempotency, it's a hard to pronounce word. What it means is that the operation produces the same result no matter how many times it is repeated. So, put and delete are idempotent. Well, get is a safe method. It might not return the same result every time, but by calling it, you're not modifying any resource.  So, here is where DRF comes in. DRF is Django REST framework and it makes API creation really, really easy. So, serializers can kind of be thought of as Django forms. They're a guide to representing your data over the wire. You're telling DRF how you want that data to look. So, here we have a model of a tweet. It's very simple. We have a foreign key to user. We have some text. The maximum length is 140 characters. And we have a timestamp. So, to represent that data, we're gonna wanna make a serializer for this model. So, we're gonna tell our serializer that the user comes from the source field user. And in the meta is where we define which model we're trying to serialize and what fields on that model we're trying to represent. Non-model serializers are also available.  You can create a serializer, but that nice fields that won't be available to you, you'll actually have to define every serializer one by one. So, when we pass our data through our serializer, this is what our result will look like. If we configure DRF to send back JSON responses, which are the default, can also pass back XML. And that's just a simple setting. You don't really have to change any of your code. So, DRF supports really great validation. And here's what a field validator looks like. So, an interesting thing to know is that by creating a method called validate underscore text, it automatically knows that this validator is for that text attribute. There's no configuration here, it's just kind of a naming convention. So, here we're getting our source attribute out of the list of values and we're checking to see if the length of it is less than five. If it is, we're gonna send back a validation error that says the text is too short, we're gonna get back an error response in our API. Other kinds of validators that are available is valid. If you add that method to your serializer, you can actually validate a combination of attributes. For example, if you have a start date and an end date, you would, and you wanna make sure that your end date isn't before your start date, you would put that validation logic in your is valid method. And if you wanna make sure that your serializer is valid, you can call that method on it, pretty similar to a Django form. So, permissions. Let's say we only wanna let authenticated users see our list of tweets. So, is authenticated is actually a built-in permission in Django REST framework and does what it says, it only allows authenticated users to hit that endpoint. Another built-in one is admin user and it checks to see if the user is actually a staff member or not. Creating your own permissions are actually very easy. Let's say we only want the author of the tweet to be able to edit it. So, we create our own permission, we base it off base permission and we create a method called has object permission. So, before our endpoint is hit, that object is passed into this permission method and we check if our method is in the safe methods such as get, go ahead, let them see it. If they're trying to call something destructive, like a delete, make sure that the object user is the same as the request user. So, views are a really interesting topic in DRF. The easiest one to kind of get a grip on is called a view set. Here's an example of a model view set. So, we only have to define a few simple variables to be able to use this endpoint. We have a query set. So, that's how do we get a collection of the items that we're trying to view. We define our serializer and we define a list of permission classes. So, you can provide a set as long as you like for each of your endpoints. We can also define a handy pre-save method. So, that gets called before the object is saved to the database and we want the user of our tweet to be saved as the request user. So, the model view set is kind of the whole shebang in one. Behind the scenes, it supports all of the operations on an endpoint. So, you can get one tweet by an ID. You can get the collection of tweets. You can delete, you can modify and that's kind of all given to you by using this class. It's really handy. So, model view sets are awesome when you're working with models but sometimes you have to break things down a little bit more. So, General Us Framework provides us generic views. API View is the base class. Kind of takes care of all the routing. So, if you're calling get, it'll call the get method. And mixins provide common operations. So, and there's some generic views that are provided for us that kind of have a common combination of mixins. For example, if you're only supporting an endpoint that has a list of objects, then you would call the, I'm sorry, you would use the list create API View and it would support get and post for you and you would kind of have to fill in those details. Request and Django Us Framework actually look pretty similar to many of the methods that we're used to seeing. So, if you guys have used Django forms, you're used to seeing a request.post and that's the data that comes in when a user submits your form. Request.data is kind of similar. It provides all the fields that were submitted to the API, along with our values. Handles the data types we specified. I pretty much exclusively use JSON, but some of you might like XML. And responses are also kind of similar, but not really. So, Django Request Framework responses are actually completely unrundered.  So, maybe you're using jQuery on your front end to call this end point. Maybe you're using Angular or another JavaScript framework, but what's going on behind the scenes when you want a response back, if you're using a serializer is your query set, those tweets are being passed into the serializer. The serializer does its work and spits out that JSON representation. And then you call response with that serializer data.  If you wanted a processor request with your serializer, you would pass that request data into your serializer and then call serializer.isvalid before actually performing the save. Otherwise terrible things happen. So, let's talk a little bit about routing. Viewset routing is absolutely the simplest. So, we have what's called the default router and we register our view sets with it. The nice thing about using a default router is we can pass all sorts of configurations to it. For example, if you don't care about appending trailing slashes, that's a property that you can pass into default router on instantiation. So, when you register your view sets, all you need to do is include the router URLs in your URL patterns. And what that gives you is the whole shebang. You have tweets multiple, end point, you have a single tweet end point and then you support all the operations on those end points as well to get the post delete kind of with just this. So, without view sets, you're gonna be setting up your routing in a default way. So, you would create a name for your view and then register each URL pattern. The Brasable API is really one of the strongest features of the Django REST framework. So, it gives you a API end point that you can kind of hit and instead of getting just a vanilla JSON response, you'll get this kind of interactive page and you can see all the methods that are available on your end point via that get. You can hit it, you can provide data to it. I think we actually have time for a little bit of a demo. So, let's see, make sure my server is running. I was messing with my code, so no. Sorry about that guys. It's kind of what happens when you do live demos when you're talking, right? Something is always broken. So, here's an example of the raw data that you can pass in. You'll have to make sure that the data that you're passing in is valid JSON and then it matches the fields in your serializer or Django REST framework provides this handy dandy HTML form. So, it provides the correct input box for the data you're trying to pass in. Unit testing, everyone loves the testing go. It's important. So, in our past V slides, we defined this field validator that tests and makes sure that the tweet that someone is trying to submit is more than five characters or it's invalid. So, here we're creating a test for that validator. Let's walk through it one by one and see what's going on. So, we define our API client, which again has many useful methods available for us for unit testing. And here we're logging in. We're authenticating our request. So, if we didn't pass that in and we have an authentication permission, then we would get a 401 back, not authorized. We're getting the URL for our endpoint. We're making up some test data. So, this will print out four Xs and we're posting to that URL to create a new tweet. And we assume an error message. So, we wanna assert that the status code is 400. That means bad request, your data isn't valid. We wanna ensure that the error message is the same one that we provided in that validation exception. So, I've been using it pretty extensively for the past few months and definitely have some feedback. So, the best place to use it is new projects. You don't really have to code for the framework or around the framework. You can use some of the really powerful tools that are available, such as those view sets. You have clean models, not a ton of interdependent validation going on. In that case, it's really just excellent. It saves you so much time. So, when not to use it, legacy Django is out there. If you have a ton of complex models, interdependent validations, if you're trying to save non-model fields in your endpoints, things really kind of get tricky. You don't get to use that nice view set. You kind of have to break out and use those generic view sets and customize your code to deal with some of these complexities. So, doesn't mean you shouldn't go for it, but really there might be hurdles. On the bright side though, Django S Framework 3 is on the horizon and apparently they're gonna be fixing some of these issues that I've had and redoing the serializers completely. So, don't discount it, keep an eye out for it, but just prepare for some issues. So, next steps for you guys, PIP install Django Rust Framework. The documentation is really good. The tutorial is very thorough. Hopefully, I've familiarized you with some of the terminology that you'll be seeing. And that is it for me. Thanks guys. Thanks so much, Nina. I think we do actually have time for perhaps one or maybe two unbelievably brief questions. So, if somebody has a snappy one. Thanks for great talk, Nina. I just wanted to quickly ask you. Is there any sort of particular pattern you think that doesn't work with models with APIs in general, like sort of a passive-conversed relationships or sort of foreign keys? What would your advice to new programmers on how to handle that kind of sort of more complex model structure? I've been able to do it before a few hiccups. It definitely still helps to have those built-in things, like those generic API views. You don't have to write a bunch of code to be like, when this request is get, do this. And the API browser has been such a powerful and helpful tool that it's still worthwhile. Kind of exploring it even for more complex data models. Thank you. Sure. I was wondering, you were talking about like having clean models and if you didn't really, it was kind of a tough fit or if you had old code, it was a tough fit. I was wondering if you thought that in some ways, because it's something that I've looked at and I actually have two of those issues a little bit with older code base. But I was wondering if you thought it was able to, it was practical to break out certain components like the serializers, if you thought that was practical or if it's actually kind of pretty tangled up together if you had any, if that question sort of made sense. If it's possible to sort of use some components, even if you can't use the whole thing. I actually tackled that problem with a very complex model both ways with a serializer and without a serializer. Using the serializer required a hack kind of out of the scope of this talk, but I'm happy to talk to you about it afterwards. And it really did provide some nice things. For example, field level validation, like if I said my serializer only accepts 140 characters instead of the model, it would kind of throw back that correct error. Whereas if I didn't use the serializer, I'd have to do all that kind of plumbing myself. All right, Nina, thank you again. Thank you guys.


All right, home kids. Not only do we have to talk about where structures are in relation to each other, sometimes we have to talk about cuts in the body. In actuality, if you take a slice, if you cut a body in half, you do a section, and then you open that up, you're going to see a whole bunch of structures in there. And you can identify those structures, and we can learn a lot about their location and their overall, the way they're built, by looking at and thinking about the plane in which that section was made, the cut was made. So there are actually three different ways we can slice the human body. And being able to visualize slices is going to help you tackle some pretty challenging spatial tasks in this class. If I did any one of these slices, the section that is sliced is going to be flat, right? And yet it's a flat slice of a three-dimensional structure. So knowing the plane in which we are slicing is going to help us know what anatomical structures we might find in that plane. Okay, so here are your planes. Check this guy out. We have, I'm looking at this one, and my pen, of course, is not working, which I'm trying not to get super cranky. I don't think I'm being successful at that. What I just drew on, this plane is dividing the body into front and back. I think it's going to go crazy in a second when it decides that it is going to start writing. Maybe right now. I'm just not going to write. I'm sorry. I'm just not going to write. And instead, you are going to know that this one is dividing the body into a front half and back half, and that is the frontal or coronal plane. So if I slice the body and I end up with something that's front and something that's back, I've made a frontal section or a coronal section. The coronal makes you think of a crown or the corona of the sun. And so that's how I actually remember the plane that that section is in.  The section that is... Oh, look, maybe it'll work now. Nobody knows. The section that divides my body into a left half and a right half was a good effort. That section is a sagittal section. So sagittal sections do right and left. The mid-sagittal section, or a median section, is right down the midline. But you can have a sagittal section that's not down the midline. It's an interesting question. If I did a sagittal section right here, is how do you know if it's mid-sagittal or sagittal? And you're going to look for clues that will tell you that, dude, that's not the midline. If you caught the heart, like a big chunk of heart in your sagittal section, you probably are not mid-sagittal. Mid-sagittal, you're probably just going to catch a little chunk of heart, not a big chunk of heart. If you catch lungs, you're not mid-sagittal. If you go right down the middle, you shouldn't catch any lungs in your mid-sagittal section. The last section here is the transverse section. That divides the body into an upper half and a lower half. Even though I couldn't write down a single thing for you, you better write down what I said. And that is like, this is a normal lecture. And so you have to take notes. And if I, in my normal lecture, have tech issues and can't write anything down for you, then you get to deal with that. Okay, I'm going to try and fix the tech issues for the last one, and we'll do body cavities.


Hi, I'm Periafter Paulo Baez, Assistant Command Fitness Leader of Board George Washington, and this is Periafter Tatiana Avery. Being stationed on a ship presents numerous challenges for sailors, and staying physically fit is one of the biggest. That's right. A lot of times it seems like there isn't enough room, or there isn't enough time. We're going to show you some exercise routines that don't require a lot of either. Here we are inside one of the gyms of Board George Washington. This first workout will consist of three exercises, it's called Cyndi. You'll do five pull-ups, 10 push-ups, and 15 squats for one set, and you'll do as many steps as possible in 20 minutes. And I will show you how to do one round of Cyndi. Today, we're going to use a pull-up machine since we don't have a pull-up bar. Make sure your arms are fully extended and loose when you start. Raise yourself up or pull down at a medium to slow pace, and make sure your chin clears a bar. When you're doing push-ups, you need to make sure that you're coming down to a proper 90-degree angle every time, and that you're breathing consistently. And when you're finishing the round with your squats, you're coming down to a 90-degree angle as well with your legs, your weight is on your heels, and your back is staying nice and straight. Remember, you can and should always try to take advantage of the equipment that's available to you within the gyms as well to give your body a variety. Welcome to the Hanger Bay. Here I'm going to show you an exercise you can do when you have access to just a little bit more room aboard your ship. This exercise consists of 10 workouts, like band curls, burpees, jump-overs, I'll just show you. This workout is about 60 minutes long, one minute per each exercise, and you're going to do six sets. So make sure you pace yourself and choose the right resistance band.  The next exercise are burpees. From a standing position, jump down to your hands and extend your feet out. Do one push-up, bring your feet in, and explode up.  And this next one is a little tricky, so make sure you're keeping proper form. You'll need a mat, and all you're doing is jumping back and forth. Next exercise is leg swings. You're going to put your arms straight out to your sides, you'll bring your legs up, so you're into the left, middle, and then the right.  Next is what's called a Turkish get-up on your left hand. It's a little technical, so make sure you have proper form as you lift yourself up and down, with or without a kettlebell lifted straight up. Next we'll be doing diamond push-ups. Remember, the smaller the diamond, the harder it is. Next the last will be Turkish get-ups again, but this time with your right hand. The last one will be squats with a resistance band. You'll stand on the bands, the wider your legs are, the more resistance you'll have. Hold the handles to your chest, clasp your hands together, and finish up the first round with your proper squats. It's important to include one cardiovascular exercise with each workout, like running, biking, or rowing. Exactly. And remember, during the time exercises, the more effort you put in, the better results that you're going to get. And these are just basic tips, so feel free to make your own changes to match your personal fitness goals. And take advantage of all the available classes you have aboard your ship. Remember, dedication, commitment are all it takes. So get out there.


Hi, everyone. Joe for Jasby's casebreaks.com doing a, I think this is 10 teams, 10 team, random number block randomizer for National Treasures Baseball Picker Team number 30. That's how it works. Big thanks to this group for making it happen. There are the numbers right there. Let's roll it. Let's randomize names and numbers four to six, 10 times each. One, two, three, and 10. Carl down to Carl. Four to six, 10 times for the numbers. One, two, three, four, five, six, and a four, seven, eight, nine, and 10. You've got eight down to six. Number zero gets any and all redemptions, including one of one redemptions. All right, Carl with eight and one. Kenneth with two, Carl with nine. Tristan with zero. Nick with four and seven. Tristan with three, Carl with five and six. Let's order these numerically and we'll see you in the next video for the break itself, jazby'scasebreaks.com. Bye-bye.


Welcome to World's Best Videos. This video is presented by Miraculous.com We've compiled the list of facts about social media sensation Christian de Grosso. Let's get into it. Christian de Grosso was born on May 24th, 1993 in Canada. He is currently 23 years old and resides in Los Angeles, California. He has a brother named Julian. He attended high school in Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada. He worked at a sandwich shop before joining social media. He also took acting classes at a time and when Vine came out he mentioned, I just started pursuing it.  He first started his rise to social media fame on the 6 second looping at Vine. In his first Vine he featured his mother, the Vine was titled How to Show Your Mom Vine. He reached the first 10,000 follower milestone on June 12th, 2013 after posting his first video less than a month earlier. Before Vine ended he had amassed over 3 billion loops and 7 million followers. He grew his other social media platforms when he was still on Vine. His Instagram account at Christian has 3.2 million followers all while following 158 people. His self titled Facebook page has over 1.8 million likes and 1.8 million people follow it. His Twitter account at ChristianD has 1.64 million followers while following 95,000 people. His YouTube channel was created on December 27th, 2013. He has since then amassed over 1.4 million subscribers and 134 million total upload views. Besides social media he has been featured in big Hollywood projects. In 2016 he was featured in the feature film Mono and played the role of Bucky. He also plays the role of Hank Delacord and the movie Internet Famous. Del Grosso is currently filming a series for the upcoming streaming platform Blackpilled. He has worked on Bradnett Campaign with the company Truth for an Anti-Smoking Campaign. He mentions, It's close to home for me because I've had people pass away in my family who were smokers. He has a tattoo of a prayer on his arm, the prayer stars, now I lay down to sleep. He has previously worked with brands including Microsoft, Coca-Cola, and McDonald's. One of his sponsored vines for Amazon from 2015 got 4.9 million views.


When we observe light from distant galaxies, we are seeing the light from the stars in those galaxies, and that light has absorption lines. The same lines measured in a lab give us the wavelength of the light at the time it was emitted. What we observe is the wavelength stretched over the time it took to get here. We define redshift z as the difference between the two divided by the wavelength emitted. In this hypothetical example, we have an object with a redshift equal to 6. Once a model for the change in the cosmic scale factor over time is specified, redshift gives us a great deal of information. For now, we'll assume a flat matter-dominated Einstein-Desider universe. This will only get us part of the way to the actual numbers, but it helps illustrate the key role redshift plays in cosmology. First, redshift gives us an object's receding velocity. With our model, we have the object moving away at 6 times the speed of light. Redshift also gives us the actual cosmic scale factor at the time the light was emitted. It gives us the age of the universe at the time the light was emitted, and it gives us the amount of time the light was traveling. Redshift gives us the distance to the object at the current time, and it gives us the distance to the object at the time the light was emitted. You can see why astronomers rely so heavily on redshift measurements. Next, we'll use it extensively to count galaxies.


As we walk I feel the left front leg come around and it's kind of neat because horses swing their head So I we use the swing of their head and we might encourage more motion to the right to the right good straight now the head swings Equal in the middle it still moves It bobs and swings, but it's even but to the left Well the head swings down left And it tells us when that outside shoulder is ready to come around So I want my hand to spring back to the middle when I can So if I bring my hand to the right it kind of slightly comes back It likes to rubber band back to the center of the center. That's where the horse goes. I'm correct. I'm right We're together in harmony Walking straight the head bobs But it bobs in an equal Range so it goes down left up down right up and repeats, but it does it equal so Right turn had bobs to the right, but not to the left Good job Pretty soon you think about the feet you think about your hands bringing back to the center And pretty soon you find you're not holding your horse anymore That's pretty important Hopefully you find some of these tips useful for you and your horse


lecture 3 of the module 2, this is the 7th lecture of this series. So, today I will explain about this shallow foundation and the last class I have explained the bearing capacity of the shallow foundation in Tazaki's bearing capacity analysis how to determine the ultimate load carrying capacity of the soil. Those things I have discussed and then the effect of water table on the bearing capacity analysis those things are also discussed in the last class. So, now today in this class I will discuss the other methods of analysis to find the bearing capacity of the soil. Now, first before we start the different methods of the bearing capacity analysis. Now, this section I will discuss about the factor of safety how to apply the factor of safety of ultimate bearing capacity to determine the allowable load carrying capacity of the soil. In the last class I have discussed that we can apply a factor of safety 2.5 or 3 or even we can apply a factor of safety 4 for the bearing capacity ultimate bearing capacity analysis to get the safe bearing capacity. Now, there is a alternate method by which we can determine we can apply the factor of safety that is against shear. Now, first method that we will discuss that for the factor of safety. So, suppose if u is the ultimate q u is the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil this is the ultimate if this is ultimate bearing capacity then we can get the allowable bearing capacity or the safe bearing capacity by dividing factor of safety in this q that means q allowable is q ultimate divided by factor of safety. Now, this factor of safety as I have mentioned already that we can take a factor of safety around say 2.5 or 2, 3 or even 4 also we can apply. So, now this is 3 or even 4 we can apply. Now, sometimes it is recommended that we can apply the net allowable bearing capacity of the soil that means that is q allowable in net it is in practice that some of the cases this net allowable bearing capacity is used that means in that case this will be the q net divided by factor of safety. Now, here we can determine the q net is q ultimate minus gamma into d f is factor of safety. So, these are the things that we have already explained. So, how to determine this d f is the depth of the footing gamma is the unit weight of the soil. So, this is the net bearing capacity if we apply the factor of safety then we will get the q allowable net. Now, there is alternate method. So, there is another alternate method is there where we can apply a factor of safety f s against shear. So, generally it is applied this value 1.4 to 1.6 for shear failure. So, generally this against this footing load the soil is fair is failed against shear. So, in another alternate method we are applying this factor of safety against shear because in the first method this is where we are applying a overall factor of safety say 2.5 to 4 or here we are applying a factor of safety against shear that is normally 1.4 to 1.6. Now, how to calculate this things here for the step one then we can suppose c and phi are the two shear parameters c is the cohesion of the soil phi is the friction angle of the soil. Then first we have to modify this c by applying this factor of safety shear in this process that we have to determine this c d by dividing this c into factor of safety this shear. So, c divided by factor of safety against shear. Similarly, we can determine that phi d that will be tan inverse tan phi in factor of safety shear. So, first in this apply when we are applying this factor of safety that means divide this c with this factor of safety against shear and then determine the new phi with tan inverse tan phi factor of safety against shear. Now, in step two when we calculate this q allowable that expression will be c d N c plus q N q plus half gamma B N gamma. Now, where q is gamma B N gamma where N q into d f. Now, here in place of in the in the Terzaghi's expression that we know that value c N c plus q N q plus half gamma N gamma. Where is c is replaced by this c d and this q is the gamma into d f and when we calculate this N c N gamma N q from the table of this table that was given in the last class the Terzaghi's analysis or any other methods that we will I will discuss later on. So, where if we want to find this bearing capacity factor by using those tables. So, where those tables are values are given with respect to phi, but when we apply this factor of safety against shear then instead of using phi we have to use phi d when we calculate this bearing capacity factor that means when we determine the N c N q N gamma then we have to use phi d that means corresponding to phi d value have to determine this N N q N c and N gamma this bearing capacity factor. So, then we need not apply any additional factor safety or overall factor safety if we adopt this process then this expression itself will give us the q allowable. Now, if we want to find in the step three if we want to find that q allowable net then q allowable minus q that will give us the q allowable net. So, where this q will give us C d N c plus q N q minus 1 plus half gamma b N gamma. So, in this process so there is a two methods one is where we are applying the overall factor of safety and one is where we are applying this factor of safety against shear. So, in these two method here we are applying overall factor of safety 2.5 to 4 or 3 2.5 or 3 or 4 or here we are applying the factor of safety against shear 1.4 and 1.6. So, for any expression by using trial and error method we can determine what will be the factor of safety against shear so that these two values are same or otherwise these factor of safety value these are the range, but these factor of safety value that we have to use during our design that depends on the side condition the risk of this structure and the importance of the structure. So, these effects are very important. So, by considering those effect we have to decide how much a value of the factor of safety overall or against shear that we will choose that is a important issue. So, these two methods one and two method second method two that we can use to determine the allowable bearing capacity of the soil or net allowable bearing capacity of the soil during our design. Now, the next one is the Skempton bearing capacity analysis for the clay because till now we have discussing about this C phi soil. So, this Skempton bearing capacity analysis this is applicable only for clay soil because in a Tazak is theory that I have already explained that is applicable for any C type of soil or even for purely cohesive soil or purely frictionless soil. Now, this Skempton bearing capacity analysis it is applicable only for clay. Now, these recommendation that is recommended by Skempton is such that that for this Skempton bearing capacity analysis this is for bearing capacity analysis. So, this is valid for only for case so that is why we can write that here phi 0 phi u is 0. So, this is valid for only clay so where purely cohesive soil so that means phi u will be 0. Now, recommendation is that that we can calculate q net ultimate. So, this is q net ultimate by using Cu and NC. NC is the bearing capacity factor and Cu is the undrained cohesion of the soil. Now, how to these are different cases where we can use this NC value. Now, for the strip footing we can write this NC for the strip footing this NC value we can write this is phi into 1 plus 0.2 into 1 plus df by b and which cannot be greater than 7.5. So, here for the strip footing this NC is 5 into 1 plus 0.2 df by where these df is the depth of the foundation and b is the width of the foundation and that is limited to 7.5 that means the minimum of these two we have to consider either if this value is calculated value is greater than 7.5 then we have to consider 7.5. If this calculated value is less than 7.5 then we have to consider this calculated value where we as we know this if this is the foundation then this will be the b width of the foundation and this one will be the depth of the foundation. Now, similarly for square footing square or circular footing the expression that is given for NC is 6 into 1 plus 0.2 df by b which is limited to 9. So, here this value is 6 into 1.5 into 1 plus 0.2 df by b which is limited to maximum value 9. Now similarly for the rectangular footing this NC value that we will get is 5 1 plus 0.2 df by b which is limited to 9. Into 1 plus 0.2 b by l for this value df by b less than equal to 2.5. So, that means if this is rectangular footing then for df by b less than equal to 2.5 we can use this NC expression. Now, similarly if df by b is greater than 2.5 then we can use NC value is 7.5 plus 0.2 b by l for df by b greater than 2. So, these are the different cases where we can use this skimpton bearing capacity analysis for the square or circular footing or rectangular footing or this is for strip footing. For the strip footing this expression we have to use which is limited to 7.5 for square or circular footing NC this expression is limited to 9. Now the rectangular footing if df by b is less than equal to 2.5 then we can use this expression. Now, if df by b greater than equal to 2 greater than 2.5 then we can use this last expression. Now, once we get this NC from this expression for different cases then by using this q and u value I mean net ultimate value by using cu and then multiplying this NC with the undrained cohesion of the soil. So, this is skimpton analysis bearing capacity analysis for this purely cohesive soil. Now, the next one that we will discuss about the mayor of bearing capacity analysis. Now, in this Tazaki's bearing capacity analysis that it is assumed that this failure surface is extended up to the base of the footing but in the mayor of analysis it is assumed that this failure surface is extended up to the surface of the ground up to ground surface. So, then the contribution from this soil above the base of the footing that is also incorporated in this analysis. And another thing that is this in each term this mayor of analysis is more general in nature because here the difference factor that is the shape of the footing then the inclination of loading and then the depth of the footing those things are incorporated in this expression because in the Tazaki's analysis that is for purely vertical loading. And where this is this is assumed that we are taking this load as surcharge load above the base of the footing. So, it is more or less a surface footing or the footing resting on the ground surface with surcharge. And then this is the shape difference shape because this Tazaki's analysis is that is valid for either strip footing or circular footing or square footing those expressions are available. Now, for the rectangular footing type of footing those expressions are not available. So, for this consideration in mayor of proposed bearing capacity analysis with this expression the C N C S C D C I C where this S term denotes the shape factors now D which denotes the depth factors and I is the inclination factors. So, shape factors means the shape of the footing and D is the depth of the footings and I is the inclination loading inclination of the footing. So, these are the expression this is for the first term this N C with term this is for the surcharge term Q and this is for the density term. So, these are the different factors. Now, here mayor of bearing capacity factor these are suggested in this table because the similar expressions are as that Tazaki has suggested various expression for N C N Q and N gamma. Similarly, mayor of also suggested the expression for N Q N C and N gamma and if we can find the this bearing capacity factors for different phi values for and these things are presented in this table. So, this from 0 to 50 degree angles of this internal friction angle then what will be the N C N Q and N gamma value. Then similarly, this mayor of correction factor this is the depth correction shape correction and the inclination correction those things are also present presented in this table where S C S Q S gamma is 1 for strip footing. If it is strip footing these three shape factors are 1 if S C will be 1 plus 0.2 B by L tan square 45 degree plus phi by 2 where B is the width of the footing L is the length of the footing and phi is the friction angle of the soil. So, this is the S C value similarly by using this expression if phi is greater than 10 degree then S Q S gamma we can determine. Now, if phi is 0 then S Q and S gamma is 1 similarly by the depth factor we can define this D is the depth of the foundation B is the width of the foundation and we can determine the D C value. Similarly, for D Q and D gamma value also we can determine for phi equal to greater than 10 degree and for phi equal to 1 this value is 1. Similarly, inclination factor I C I Q we can determine from this expression where alpha is degree and I gamma is can be determined by using this expression 1 minus alpha by phi whole square. Now, here alpha is the inclination of the resultant load from vertical. So, that means the alpha angle is measured from the vertical axis which is the inclination of the resultant load or in other hand alpha can be determined by tan inverse H by V where H and V are the horizontal and vertical components of the load which is acting as the base of the foundation. So, if there is two components of loading and acting one is horizontal one is vertical then as the base of the footing then if we know this horizontal vertical components then we can determine this alpha by using this tan inverse horizontal by vertical components of the load or in other ways if we know the direction of the resultant force then the angle this resultant force is making with the vertical axis that is denoted as alpha. So, if we know this thing alpha value and other different properties then the dimension of the footing then we can determine this correction factor and by using this table we can corresponding to phi value we can determine the bearing capacity factor and if we know this correction factor bearing capacity factor then finally by using this expression we can determine the ultimate load carrying capacity of the soil by considering this say factor de facto inclination factor of the footing. The next one is the Hansen recommendation which is similar to this Meropp recommendations and where this if phi is greater than 0 then this expression are used where this S D I the same as say factor de facto inclination factor. Now, for the if phi is 0 then we can use this expressions again S C D C I C is the safe depth and inclination factor. Now, in this Hansen's recommendations is mentioned that the N C and N Q these two bearing capacity factor these are determined similar to the Meropp N C and N Q. That means by using this Meropp table we can determine this N C and N Q for Hansen's analysis also, but Hansen's analysis also, but for this N gamma factor Hansen's has recommended one table that is to determine this corresponding to the phi value then we can determine this N gamma factors for different phi value this varies from 0 degree to 50 degrees. These are the values of N Q. So, by using the Meropp table for Hansen's recommendation we can determine the N C and N Q bearing capacity factor and by using this table we can determine the N gamma bearing capacity factor. Now, this Hansen's correction factor is similar to the bearing Meropp's correction factor this is the table which is presented for the Hansen's correction factors. So, this is for the safe factors these are the safe factors for phi equal to 0 this is for phi greater than 0 then this is this is the two safe factor of S C and this is S Q and similarly is gamma. It is similar to depth factor if phi equal to 0 and D equal to less than equal to B and then for phi equal to 0 D greater than B this is the depth factor and if D less than equal to B and phi greater than 0 then this is the depth factor. Now, if D greater than B and phi also greater than B then this is the depth factor D C. Similarly, for D Q you can determine by using this expression and for different condition if D is greater than B then this expression if D is less than equal to B then this expression.  Similarly, for the inclination factor also we can determine this is the inclination factor expression where this H and V these are the horizontal and vertical components of the load that is acting at the base of the footing respectively and C is the cohesion and phi is the friction angle of the soil. So, this is the different inclination factor we can determine by using different condition for Henshin's correction factor. So, if we know the this correction factors for Henshin and then the bearing capacity factors then by using this expression of different condition we can determine what would be the ultimate load carrying capacity of the soil. Now, next one is the IS code recommendation where IS 6403 1981 this is the recommendation that this is similar to the analysis which is presented by WESIC. So, this is the here we can determine that net ultimate bearing capacity of the soil by using this expression on the by using this expression we can determine the net ultimate bearing capacity. Well previous expression we are getting this ultimate bearing capacity for Tazdaqui, for Meirab and for Henshin's and for the Schemeton analysis also that is also net ultimate bearing capacity similar to this one IS code recommendation this is also for net ultimate bearing capacity of the soil. Now, here one factor this is similar to again this SCDC IC is for shape factor depth factor and the inclination factor. Now, this expression is for valid for this phi greater than 0 condition and this expression second one is valid for phi equal to 0 condition. So, if this is phi equal greater than 0 and this is phi equal to 0 condition where NC is 5.14 and this is the at phi equal to 0 condition this will be the net ultimate bearing capacity of the soil. Here in this expression this is one term W dash which takes into account the effect of water ground water table position. So, this W dash is used for apply the corrections for basically water table. Now, if this water table is below at a depth of D F by B below the ground level. So, where this D F is the depth of the foundation and B is the width of the foundation or D W dash greater than equal to B if D W is measured from the base of the foundation then this W dash is 1. Basically if the position of water table is equal to or greater than the width equal to depth which is greater than or equal to width of the foundation. If this depth is measured from the base of the foundation then this corrections for water table is equal to 1. Now, D W dash if this is 0 that means the position of the water table at the base of the foundation then this W dash is equal to 0.5. Now, if this W dash can be linearly interpolated between 0 to 1. So, that means we can say this W dash is linearly interpolated between 0 to 1 if D W is greater than 0 or less than B. So, in between this because this at the B position this W dash is 1 and 0 position this W dash is 0.5. So, that means this can be linearly interpolated between this range. Now, so in this by applying this W dash correction we can corrected these terms for the water table. Now, for the second term this Q in Q water table effect is taken care into the effective surcharge at the level of the base of the footing. So, when you incorporate the corrections for the water table in the second term. So, when we calculate the Q we have to take the effective over burden pressure Q. So, that we can incorporate the water table effect in the second term also. In the first term there is no effect of the water table. In the second term to incorporate the water table we have to take the effective over burden pressure of surcharge when we calculate this Q. And for the third term we have to depending upon the position of the water table this W dash value also have to use. That means if it is the base of the foundation then this W dash is 0.5. If it is at a distance of B from the base of the foundation water table position then W dash is 1. If it is within that range from the base of the foundation or at a depth of B from the base of the foundation then by linearly interpolated if we linearly interpolate in point this value at the at one range and to another end one end to another end then we can get the correction for this water table which is located any position from base to at a depth of B from the base with below the foundation. Now, this here when we have to calculate the N c, N q and N gamma because similarly it is it is similar to the basic recommendation and the basic recommendation it is recommended that N c, N q these two value we can calculate by using mayor of bearing capacity for the factor table. So, that means the N c and N q for the IS recommendation these value are same as mayor of bearing capacity factor value or Hansen's bearing capacity factor value this N c and N gamma N c and N q these two N c and N q. So, here to determine the N c and N q have to go you can take the help of mayor of bearing capacity table by the, but to calculate the N gamma we have to go for this table we can from this table this is basic bearing capacity factor N gamma by using this table we can determine the N gamma for value for different friction angles which varies from 0 degree to 50 degree and value varies from 0 to 763. So, by this by using this table we will get the N gamma and by using mayor of bearing capacity factor table we will get N c and N q and by this using this table by IS we can get we will get the IS recommendations corrections factors. So, for the IS correction factors we have to go use this table where we will get the SC safe factors for this rectangle square or circular footings and we will for the depth factors for different phi conditions and for the inclination factors this alpha is same as the mayor of inclination factors alpha that means alpha is the angle making by the resultant load with respect to the vertical axis. So, in this table we will get the corrections and this table we will get the N q and from the mayor of this table we will get the N gamma and from the mayor of correction factor bearing capacity factor table that means by using mayor of table we will get the N c and N q. So, N c and N q N gamma from this basics table.  The next section is the effect of soil compressibility. So, we will go at this effect of soil compressibility. So, how to determine the compressibility effect of the soil in different conditions. So, first we will go for the effect of this soil compressibility and when I was discussing about the Tazakhis bearing capacity analysis both. So, that is those analysis is developed initially for the general shear failure then it is modified for the local shear failure. So, that means this general shear failure and local shear failure condition that depends on the compressibility of the soil. Now those things we can incorporate in detail for this effect on soil compressibility in this section by this process. Now here suppose this is suggested by basic in 1973. Now our expression is q ultimate that is C N c into f c s f c d or f c c. This f c s basically correction factor for the safe factor that is s c and this is d c and this is the new correction. So, this f c s is the safe factor for the correction factor for safe factor this is d f factor f d c and f c c is the compressibility factor.  So, similarly here this is s q this is s d sorry this is d q. Similarly, this one s gamma and this one d gamma. So, this is the here I am using f c s which is basically s c that is used in the previous expressions and this is f c d actually this is d c. Similarly, this is s gamma d gamma s q and d q. Now where this is new term f c c f q c f q c plus half gamma d c plus half gamma d c plus half gamma and f gamma c are soil soil compressibility factors.  These safe factor and d f sub factors we can determine by using the tables or the presented tables for different cases even for the what is the definition tables that I have already shown from there we can get this safe factor and d f factor. But now the new term this compressibility factor those value we have to calculate for to incorporate the effect of compressibility in the bearing capacity analysis. Now, first step that calculate we have to calculate the rigidity indexed index i r where i r is the rigidity index of the soil at a depth of b by 2 approximately below the base of the foundation. So, first we have to calculate this rigidity index i r of the soil at a depth of b by 2 approximately b by 2 below the base of the foundation. Now, this expression of i r is given by g by c into q dash tan phi where c and phi is the cohesion and the friction angle of the soil respectively. Now, g is shear modulus of the soil and q dash is the effective over burden pressure d f plus b by 2.  So, point will be somewhere below the base of the foundation at a distance b by 2 from the base. So, now the next step in the first step we will calculate the i r rigidity index. Now, next step we will calculate the critical rigidity index that is c r critical. The expression for i r critical this is critical rigidity index i r critical will get is the half exponential 3.30. So, minus 0.45 b by l cot 45 degree minus phi by 2. So, these are the critical rigidity index value or the expressions. So, by using this expression we can determine the critical rigidity of the soil for any phi and b by l condition where b is the width of the foundation l is the length of the foundation. Now, here a table is presented in this slide where which is the variation of i r the critical rigidity index with phi and b by 2. Now, from this table we can determine this is the table which is variation of critical rigidity index i r critical with different phi and b l. So, this is the phi value and this is the critical rigidity index value for b l b by l equal to 0 and b by l equal to 0 and equal to 1 condition. Now, if b by l is equal to 1. So, these are the critical rigidity index value for different phi value which is varies from 0 to 50 for 0 it is 8 and for 50 it is 1258. Similarly, for b by l equal to 0 condition for 0 it is 13 and for 50 degree this is 433 0. So, these are the table which is presented to determine the critical rigidity index of the soil. Either for different b by l condition and phi value we can use this table to determine this critical rigidity index or we can determine the expression that I have presented to determine the critical rigidity index. Now, on the next step of the step 3 in the step 3 now, if so in the first step we will calculate the rigidity index i r and in the second step by using this table or by using the expression we will determine the critical rigidity index. So, now, if i r rigidity index is greater than equal to critical rigidity index then f c c is equal to f q c is equal to f gamma c is 1. If i r critical rigidity index is greater than equal to critical rigidity index then all the compressibility factors are 1.  So, this is the expression of f gamma c or f q c. Now, for phi equal to 0 condition f c c is equal to 0.32 plus 0.12 into b by l plus 0.6 log i r. Now, if for phi greater than 0 then f c c is equal to f q c minus 1 minus f q c divided by n q into sin phi. So, this is the different compressibility factors. Now, for different conditions this value will be different. So, now, if f critical f rigidity index is greater than equal to critical rigidity index then all the compressibility factors value are 1. Now, if rigidity index is less than critical rigidity index then by using this expression we can determine the f gamma c and f q c. Now, under this head if phi is equal to 0 then f c c will be equal to this expression by using this expression will get the f c c value. Now, if phi greater than 0 then f c c will be f q c minus 1 minus f q c divided by n q sin phi. So, if we first step we will get the rigidity index and if we know the width of the foundation length of the foundation then we will get this expression for the phi 0 condition of f c c. Now, phi equal to greater than equal to 0 condition we should know the value of q c f q c before we calculate the f c c value. So, for phi equal to greater than equal to 0 condition we should know the f q c if you want to calculate the f c c value. Now, this f q c and f gamma c these expressions for different condition are either we can use this expression or the table that I am going to show you by using these tables also we can determine this f q c and f gamma c. Now, this is the table that is presented the variation of f q c. So, in this table these two tables that I am presenting. So, these are the two tables where this is for l by b equal to 5 and this is the l by b greater than 5. So, now here these table two tables are presented where this is the soil friction angle this x axis represent the soil friction angle phi and this y axis represents the f gamma c that is equal to f q c. Now, these lines where are these are the value 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 250 and 500 this is for rigidity index. So, now if we know the say suppose a rigidity index of a soil is 25 and l by b is equal to 1 and phi is 20 degree.  Now, for the phi equal to 20 and this i r value 25. So, this compressibility factors value will be around 0.95. So, in this fashion for different l by b value and if l by b is greater than 5 then we have to use this chart. Now, if these values are in between then by using linear interpolation we can determine these factors. Similarly, for this figure also for this within this value we can determine this by using linear interpolation to get the i critical. So, either we can use these tables or figures or by using the given expression we can determine the different compressibility factors of the soil. So, if we know the different compressibility factors and then the basic expression from the table we can determine the bearing capacity factor n c n q n gamma and by compressibility factors by using this expression or the tables or figures and these other factors that is correction factors or the safe factors or deaf factors that those we can calculate or determine from the table that is presented in this class. So, from these things from these tables or figures or expressions we can get all the parameters and then if we put it in the general expression then we will get the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil that will incorporate the effect of compressibility of the soil. So, in the next class that I will explain the different other conditions that is for because till now we have explained we have mentioned that the loading is acting at the center of the footing. Although it may be inclined or vertical but it is acting at the center of the footing but if it is not acting at the center of the footing or if there is any moment we are not talking about the moment. So, if there is any moment in the loading condition or then what will be the bearing capacity value so those things different cases that we will explain in the next class. Thank you.