Looking at linear functionals leading to the notion of the adjoint of an operator, okay so let me recall this result that we proved last time. Let V be a finite dimensional in a product space and F be a linear function on V then there exists a unique vector Y in V such that F of X is nothing but the inner product of X with this fixed vector Y for every X in V. This Y will of course depend on F because we have seen the formula for Y, okay. The formula for Y is summation J equals 1 to N F of UJ bar UJ so it depends on F and this UJ comes from a basis is an orthonormal basis, okay. Using this we will now look at the notion of the adjoint of an operator. So let us first prove this result. Let V be a finite dimensional inner product space and T be a linear operator. T is a linear transformation on a finite dimensional inner product space then there exists a linear operator T star on V so we will call this operator T star. There is a linear operator T star on V such that the following holds. Remember we are calling it T star so it does depend on T and it in particular satisfies the following, it is linear of course it satisfies the following property such that if you look at the inner product of T X with Y this is the inner product of X with T star Y this must be true for all X Y in V. So what this result claims is that there is on a finite dimensional inner product space V there is this operator this is unique so let me mention that also there exists a unique linear operator which we will call T star. This T star we will call it as the adjoint of the operator T that we will do a little later. First to prove this we will appeal to the previous theorem so in order to apply the previous theorem we need to look at a functional so the proof is as follows. Let Y belong to V be fixed I will tell you what T star Y is okay then I need to see that it is unique T star Y is unique and then the T star satisfies this and finally T star is linear okay define the following operator define Phi Y it depends on Y Phi Y from V to R or C within brackets R define this operator by Phi Y of X equals I will now invoke the operator T use the operator T in the definition of this functional Phi Y Y is fixed this X varies so this is an inner product Phi Y of X is a number real or a complex number now T appears here so you can show that Phi is linear Phi Y is linear then Phi Y is linear Phi Y of Alpha Alpha X plus beta Z you can show that it is equal to Alpha Phi Y of X plus beta Phi Y of Z so Phi Y is linear it is a linear functional I appeal to the previous theorem by the previous theorem there exists a unique I will call it Z by the previous result there exists a unique Z in V such that such that the action of Phi Y on any vector X is the inner product of the vector X with Z what is important is to realize again that it is unique this uniqueness will imply the uniqueness of this operator T star in fact okay so we started with Y we started with Y in V we have got a unique vector Z that satisfies this equation for all X so we will associate this Z to Y under T star so the definition is Z T star Y equals Z now you can do this for every you can do this for every fixed Y that is given of Y I will define this linear functional and then I know how to get this unique Z then for that while I will associate this Z so this is since this right hand side is unique for this Y this is well defined in the first place we need to verify it is linear but before that let us verify that this T star satisfies this equation that is straight forward also if you look at T X comma Y I will start with X with T star Y X with T star Y is by definition T star Y is Z so that is X with Z but X with Z is here that is Phi Y of X and Phi Y of X by definition is T X Y this is true first for all X in V and then I vary Y then this is true for all Y in V okay first I fix Y and then this is true for all X then I vary Y appealing to that Z which comes for this particular Y so this equation holds X comma T star Y is equal to T X comma Y for all X and Y we need to show T star is linear so that is also not difficult so we need to show T star is linear so let us consider I have used the variables X Y and Z okay let me use X will remain a variable I want to show T star is linear let us say T star alpha Y plus W now I know that T star satisfies this equation I will make use of that so I must so let us look at this I will show that this is equal to inner product X with alpha T star Y plus T star W this is true for all X so T star is linear so consider this by definition T star satisfies this condition that X with T star Y must be T X with Y so this is equal to inner product T X with alpha Y plus W that can be written as T X comma alpha Y plus T X comma W now here I will take alpha bar outside I will do two steps I will take alpha bar outside and then T X comma Y is what I will get that I will write as X comma T star Y the next term is X comma T star W now I will take this alpha bar inside so this gives me X comma alpha T star Y plus X comma T star W this X can be taken common X alpha T star Y plus T star W this is true for all X okay and so I started with X with T star of something I show that is X of alpha T star of Y plus T star W this is true for all X so it means that T star of alpha X plus W sorry alpha Y plus W I have shown that this is equal to alpha T star Y plus T star W C or again we have made use of the fact that if inner product of X with Z equal to 0 for all X then Z must be 0 X Z plus Y Z which term what where is your doubt this one it is an inner product no inner product of X comma Y plus W is inner product of X comma Y plus inner product of X comma W you can use so you can use that whenever there is no scalar okay your question is what happens why is this your question why is this true start with the left hand side left hand side is Y plus W X conjugate now it is you know that is linear with respect to the first one Y X plus W X conjugate then Y X conjugate plus Y X conjugate plus W X conjugate that is X Y plus X W if I have not mentioned it please take this as the explanation see the inner product is linear with respect to the first variable and with respect to the second variable it is additive it is conjugate linear with respect to the second variable but it is additive with respect to the second way that is something we are we have been using probably without mentioning okay. So for we have shown that this T star is of course well defined and it is linear why is it unique because Z is unique that is if there is okay I leave that part to you if there is some other operator S that satisfies the equation inner product T X with Y is equal to X comma S Y if there is some other operator S such that inner product T X Y equals X comma S Y for all X and Y then S is equal to T star okay you can show that S is equal to T star so T star is unique so I will just mention that you fill up the last line also T star is unique I have told you how to prove it but in any case that is not difficult so T star is unique so let us go to the definition of the adjoint using this result let V be an inner product space and T be linear if there exists an operator a linear operator T star on V such that inner product T X with Y equals X comma T star Y if this is satisfied for all X Y and V then T star is called if there exists again a unique linear operator then T star is called the adjoint the adjoint of the operator P the adjoint operator so what we have proved now is that if V is finite dimensional then any linear operator has the adjoint okay so remember that this T star is defined by means of this equation so it depends on the inner product T star of course depends on T it will also depend on the inner product because it must satisfy this equation okay okay we look at some examples of adjoint operators how to compute the adjoint infinite case the adjoint may not exist you can look at I will just give a loose answer you can look at the differentiation operator on the space of continuous functions you can show that this does not have the adjoint if time permits I will discuss this also if it is infinite dimensional adjoint may not exist for a linear operator okay you will discuss this in your functional analysis course infinite dimensions we will discuss in a functional analysis course okay look at some examples but before that let us settle 1 or 2 easy questions that would arise naturally for instance given a inner product space given a finite dimensional inner product space along with an ordered orthonormal basis I write down the matrix of T relative to that ordered orthonormal basis what will be the order what will be the matrix representation of T star what do we expect the answer to be it cannot be the same it cannot be the same unless T is self adjoint okay but before that before that let us let us address this question okay recall that when we looked at the notion of why an orthonormal basis is better than an ordinary basis in the representation of vectors that is if you look at the representation of a vector with respect to a basis X equal to let us say the basis is U 1 U 2 etc U n just an ordinary basis then X is alpha 1 U 1 etc alpha n U n where alpha 1 etc alpha n one needs to compute by solving a system of equations whereas if U 1 U 2 etc U n where an orthonormal basis you do not have to compute these numbers they are just inner product of X with U 1 X with U 2 etc so computation of the coefficients that becomes easier similarly remember the matrix representation of a linear transmission that we have discussed so let me discuss recall this and then go to the inner product space how is the matrix of a linear operator relative to a basis written so this is also something we can quickly recall I will use U 1 U 2 etc for the orthonormal basis let us take B to be say W 1 W 2 etc W n this is an ordinary basis this is an ordered basis for a vector space V okay there is no inner product space now for a vector space V T is also linear that is given T is linear then how do we write down the matrix of T relative to this basis B we looked at a more general notion of how we write down the matrix of T relative to two basis if that if the vector space see we discuss V to W if W equals V then it is convenient to deal with just one basis that is this so what is this? This is a matrix of T relative to B I will call that A that is given by the image of the first vector I am calling it W 1 write down T W 1 this is a vector in V that can be written in terms of B collect the coefficients that is the first column that is this etc T W j this is the jth column T W n this is the nth column this is how you write down the matrix of A relative to this basis okay this means what is the formula then connecting the entries of A and the left hand side images T of W j for instance do you remember that formula what is the formula all you have to do is just look at the left hand side take the jth column the jth column of A what are those entries jth column means the second entry varies is that sorry the first entry varies is it okay tell me if this is clear the formula for A ij is what I want this is I want the formula for T W j I want the formula for T W j so what is that in terms of the matrix A in terms of the entries of A do you remember this j summation i equals 1 to n A ij W i is that okay that is because if you write T W j is the jth column does this give the jth column the first entry is what varies so this gives the jth column okay this is the formula for the matrix of a linear transformation relative to a basis and how do you compute these A ij again A ij are compute it is a jth column so you go to the jth column that is you look at W j image of T under W j image of W j under T relative to this basis you write a representation that is amounting to solving a system of equations okay so in general if you have an ordinary ordered basis these coefficients are obtained by solving equations but if it is an orthonormal basis then you would expect the computation to be easier so let us first prove that let V be finite dimensional inner product space I expected at least one of you to answer this that V be a finite dimensional inner product space and B equals U1 U2 etc U n be an orthonormal basis of V let T be a linear operator okay you remember this notation L of V is a set of all linear transformations from V into V let T be a linear operator and A be the matrix of T relative to this orthonormal basis P then can you make a guess that is not correct but let me ask you the question what is the formula for A ij what is the formula for A ij yes it is an inner product yes inner product of what with what no now the basis orthonormal basis U1 etc U1 ordered orthonormal basis it is an ordered orthonormal basis I have not written but this is an ordered orthonormal basis I want the formula for A ij what is the formula for if I write X as a linear combination of an orthonormal basis in terms of an orthonormal basis okay so what is the inner product here there is no X it is the other way around T Uj with Ui and this is the formula okay which means what you simply take one inner product look at the image of Uj under T take the inner product of that with Ui then that gives the entry A ij this is the formula for A ij as before the entries the coefficients or the so called coordinates of a vector X relative to an orthonormal basis are obtained by simply taking the inner product of that vector with each of those orthonormal basis vectors you get this okay this is analogous to that result now to prove this just use this formula proof I want to look at T Uj T Uj so I will use this formula instead of Wj Wi it will be Uj Ui so T Uj is summation okay I am using I here so I will use a K here K equal to I am just rewriting this formula I am rewriting this formula relative to this basis summation K equal to 1 to n Akj Uk Akj Uk okay that is this formula this is T Uj all I have to do is look at inner product T Uj with Ui T Uj with Ui let us not do all these just K equals 1 to n Akj that comes out inner product this is the first term so this is Uk Ui K is a running index K is the summation index when see this I is fixed when I when I write this formula this I is fixed for me so when K is running index when K takes a value I this is 1 all other entries are 0 because an orthonormal basis when K takes a value I it is A ij all other terms are 0 which is what we wanted to prove T Uj Ui is A ij so this is a formula connecting this is a formula for computing the entries of the matrix A that is obtained by these n square inner products okay remember this formula connecting again this problem go back to the vector space case not the inner product space vector space case we define the so called transpose of a linear transformation the transpose was shown to be unique so the question is if A is the matrix of a linear operator T relative to a basis B what is a matrix of T transpose as a linear transformation we have seen that it is a transpose of the matrix of T okay and entirely similar results holds for result holds for the adjoint operator that is very easy so you can think of this star as a kind of a generalization of the transpose operation. So I will state that as lemma Aura theorem I will be cryptic I will follow what the notation that we have used before I will simply say that my matrix A is the matrix of the transformation T relative to B then the matrix of T star okay let I will call B as the matrix of T star relative to the orthonormal basis B then the conclusion is B star equals A remember the star of a linear transformation on a inner product space has been defined just today okay but what I am writing down here is the complex conjugate of matrices see this A and B are matrices that we know the complex conjugate of matrix we know you interchange rows and columns after taking the conjugate transpose after taking the conjugate right this matrix A has complex entries take the complex conjugates of that of the entries of A then take the transpose you get A star so this is how B star is constructed. So the matrices of T and T star relative to this particular basis relative to any basis that you start with provided you stick to that basis for T star they are related by this formula so proof again you have to simply use the formula for the entries of B star and A okay so okay let us start with let us use the previous one let me write down B i j what is the formula for B i j B i j B is defined through this B i j by definition must be T star u j u i is that okay T star u j u i but this is u j T u i because that is how the adjoint is defined but this is T u i, u j the conjugate of that but T u i, u j go back to the previous result is A i j A i j bar A j i bar yes this first and then this A j i bar that is what we wanted to prove that is B equals A star complex conjugation we know you do it once more you get the same matrix see this formula is correct right B i j next step how is the adjoint defined we are not using that see T star star is T is correct but we are not using that I have not proved it so I am not using it the same thing can be used like what the argument that I gave for the second argument that can be given here no but where have I used that I do not understand see T star u j u i this T star okay see you can take the conjugate and then go back to this you want that explanation okay let us you have objection then what you want is an explanation for this right so I can write this as u i T star u j conjugate okay then it is a conjugate of T u i, u j but that is the same as u j, T u i sorry the proof of ends here right T u i u j, T u i u j will be A j i going along with the bar agreed is that okay B i j i j that is T star and then it is u i with T star u j conjugate keep the conjugate then I use the adjoint operation T u i u j but T i u i u j is A j i that goes along with the bar so probably a more direct proof if you want and so as I mentioned before B star equals A I have shown that B is equal to A star but this star operation is of order is of period 2 you do it once more you get the same matrix, any problem again? This proves B equal to A star but you do the star once again because it is a matrix now then I get this so I still do not prove that for a linear transformation T, T star star is T I am not using that I am using it for a matrix I am using what it tells me for matrices for matrices you can verify that by just writing down the entries right okay. So let us look at some examples both you cannot expect this to happen it is only with respect to the same basis that the relationship holds in fact if you look at just an ordinary basis which is not an orthonormal basis then this relationship does not hold if it is not an orthonormal basis just an ordinary basis then this relationship is not true it is a more complicated formula how A and B are related if it is just an ordinary basis will not be the same as this that relationship is different it is more complicated but what is more meaningful and what is more applicable is writing it related to the same basis okay. I want to discuss examples let me take to one finite dimension the other one infinite dimension of transposes how do you compute the transpose of certain operators let us take V as C n x n with the trace in a product with let us say if I have AB in V then this is trace of B star A with respect to the trace in a product this was given as one of the examples of an inner product space define the operator L M define the operator L M from V to V for a fixed M in V by this formula L M of A is M times A this is a left multiplication that is why this L is given left multiplication by M A is the variable M is fixed A is a variable left multiplication by M what is the adjoint of this operator what is the adjoint of this operator let us calculate by the way this is linear that is an easy exercise L M is linear that is left to you I want to calculate the adjoint to calculate the adjoint I must appeal to the formula the first principle definition I want to look at L M A, B I want to write it as say I want to compute T star so I must write T x, y as x, T star y so I must write this as A, something of B that something will give me the T star L M star so this is what this is by L M A I will apply the definition it is M A B that is trace of B star the second one so this is trace of B star M A multiplication is matrix multiplication associated by I still insist that I write this bracket appeal to this fact the trace of the product that is trace of let us say C times D is trace of D times C I will keep applying that trace of till I am satisfied trace of M A B star that is the same as trace of M times A B star right B star M A is trace M A B star I will write this as trace M A B star so I want to take A outside okay no I will not write like this I want to keep A to the left I will write this as again the same thing A B star M which is trace of A M star B whole star this is A into B star M B star M is this whole star again I am dealing with this reverse order law for matrices not for transformations which I have not yet proved so I get this but this is same as now I have taken A outside and star of something so remember that the formula for the inner product then is given by A M star B okay do you agree this can be written as A, M star B is L M star of B left multiplication of M star with B L M star of B and so what does it mean if you look at L M star that is L M star this is true for all A B so the conjugate of L M is L of the conjugate with respect to M star M is what I started with left multiplication the conjugate is left multiplication with the conjugate of that matrix okay this is for the finite dimensional case let us look at an infinite dimensional example let us consider the space of all polynomials with complex entries complex coefficients space of all polynomials with complex coefficients the inner product is the usual inner product integral 0 to 1 f of t g bar f g bar now what is g t bar g is a complex polynomial the variable is real coefficients are complex the variable is real coefficients are complex so g t bar if g equal to let us say a 1 a 0 plus a 1 t etc a n t to the n where a 0 a 1 etc are complex numbers g t bar will be a 0 bar plus a 1 bar t plus a 2 bar t square etc plus a n bar t to the n okay so I take the complex conjugate of the coefficients that is my definition so with that definition I give this inner product this is an inner product so V with this you can show is an inner product space I will look at the following operator again something similar to the previous one left multiplication by a fixed polynomial define let us say L or t t from V to V by t of g is f with g for a fixed f element of V so I can actually call it t f of g take a fixed f and g fixed f and V take a fixed polynomial simply multiply given any g simply multiply on the left on the right does not matter polynomial multiplication is commutative unlike the previous one what is t f this is t f what is t star f that is the question what do you expect the answer to be what is f star for a function for a matrix M M star is known what is f star for a function it should be t f bar we will can show that t f t star is t f bar okay okay let us do that quickly again first principle use the first principle definition I want the inner product of t f g, h I want to calculate this I must write it as g, something and then that something will give me t star so this is by definition t f g h by definition t f g is f g f g h for f g h the definition is integral 0 to 1 f of t g of t h t bar I must kind of take out g but it is clear how we should do that 0 to 1 see this is matrix sorry this is polynomial multiplication so it is commutative I can take g t outside and then combine the other two and put them under a bar I want f to be without bar so f t bar h must go with this so do I get what I want double bar gives me f single bar gives me h bar I can call this L of t bar if you want and then write this this is integral 0 to 1 g of t L of t bar dt but that is by definition inner product of g with L which is g with L is f bar h which is I observe g t f bar of h so what I have proved is that t f g with h is g, t f bar h for all f g for all f g h for all g h I am sorry f is fixed g h are the variable polynomials so this means t f star is t f bar okay so this example tells you that star behaves like conjugation adjoint behaves like complex conjugate that is what I mean the adjoint operation star behaves like complex conjugate taking the bar it also behaves like complex conjugate see when I say complex conjugate it is z is a complex number z bar is what I am calling complex conjugate maybe just conjugate the previous example also has the conjugate L m star is m star m star already has conjugate okay so star the adjoint operation kind of behaves like the conjugation that you do for a complex number okay we will explore this a little further and see how some of the properties of the adjoint are similar to the properties of the complex conjugate okay so let me stop here


Good morning folks Steve Rhodes coming to you live from the shores of sunny Delray Beach, Florida. This year 11 am update we've got mixed bag Friday going on you've got the Dow up 72 points about a quarter of a cent almost four tenths for the S&P 16 points eight tenths for the Nasdaq 100 118 points there the Russell's down two points basically flat two percent to the upside for the semis. We certainly want to take a look at those transports are down 19 New York Stock exchange is flat. You've got gold trading off 24 bucks trained out in 1945 80 as we speak right now today is going to become bar number nine of a TD nine counts as we should see a bottom today or Monday. We take a look at Silver soft 51 cents trade out of 22 30 that I believe that is below the bottom of its daily profile a key area of sport to watch at day's end. You've got lights we crewed up a buck 11 trade out at 76 81 and natural gas off a penny in the 30 treasure up 27 ticks trade out at 113 26 let's figure out what all that means by looking at that nine panel market up HR we begin with the ES many upper left hand corner we've got no topping pattern out there whatsoever yesterday's price movement negated the TD nine count pattern that was trying to form what we did get though was a new profile and so here you've got support down at forty three hundred got resistance up at the I'm sorry you've got yeah support is at forty three thirty nine I said forty three hundred forty three thirty nine resistance at forty four thirteen so relatively narrow band out there forty three thirty nine is the support level we take a look at the spot ball to next it did find support at that lower Bulbinger band but yesterday's price action also negated its TD nine count pattern so we don't have that to go with it. We take a look at the NQ it still has a TD nine count pattern in play. I forget the number that we'll take a look at today where price has to close above to confirm that pattern. It also formed a new profile with resistance at fifteen four fifty three support down to fourteen nine ninety six level US dollar index trading with inside its profile out there really just taking on the center of it. That's where there's some support and resistance don't know who's going to win this battle because price is right there and that's at the one oh five eighty three area take a look at Goldilocks as we mentioned today will become bar number nine a TD nine count bottom the low forms on bars eight nine or the bar following nine. If we take a look at silver yes it's trading below the bottom of its profile. Watch that level at the day's end at twenty two fifty three your price close below that you could see move down to twenty ninety four lights recruit did complete a TD nine count bottom and that level is seventy four ninety one is a key area of support their natural gas as native equal CD to downside that needs a bullish reversal candle to confirm a bottom there and you did get a new profile or you have a new profile that's attempting to perform inside the thirty year treasury support in the one eleven thirty one to one twelve twenty one range resistance one fourteen twenty two folks day two for the trader's edge open up to start your Friday please have a fantastic one thanks much for joining us we'll look forward to speaking with you again soon take care now.


Okay, we are talking about model how to install model, I will quickly cover, so we need, it will work on Windows as well as Ubuntu or any Linux platform, we need Apache, PHP and MySQL. So, database you can use MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, MSSQL, anyone, so I think if you go to the module website the instructions are there, I am trying on Ubuntu to install it. So, first you want to install PHP, it is already installed in my machine and then I want to install MySQL, so same command, yeah we will upload all the documents, how to install it on Windows, Ubuntu as well as any other Fedora, we will put it on tomorrow or day after tomorrow in module. So, after that you want to just download the module package from the website, I think all of them know the module website, to module is a website, although all the instructions are how to install module, the step-by-step it is there, you can refer that, we will upload it in module, you can go here and click on downloads, you can download this is the latest version 2.4.3, I already installed it, sorry I already downloaded, so I am going to my web folder, let us not see, lower www, so you can see that module tar dot g set file is there, I already extracted that also, also then you want to create one more folder that is module data, so you can create anywhere in your machine except in the var www, you can create in var or pt anywhere, so I already created in opt, so it is here, module data, so once you create a module data, you want to give permission, full permission, that is here is more triple seven, triple seven means all of them will get read write and execute permission, then only it will work, so after that you want to create a database, so I am creating a database on my SQL, so I am creating a database, so then I am creating a user with the permission to that database, the database part is done, everything is done, now you just open your web browser, put the IP address, so now the installation is started, next, so now you want to specify, it is automatically detecting where is the module folder, then I put my folder in opt, you want to just specify that, next, want to select which is your database, then database user name, so password, so now it will check all the dependencies are there, if any package is missing, then this okay, this become red, so then you want to just install that package and then continue, it will take around 5 minutes to install, maximum 5 minutes, so installation steps, it started it will come, so if you want to add users manually, then go to the site administration, then click on users, accounts, add new user, you want to just specify the user name, password, first name, last name, sit it down, then it will create, so also if you want to create codes, same thing is there, codes, click on the codes, add bar, edit new codes, so you can categorize, we can categorize like this workshop, summer, internship and all, so click on the workshop, so there is 2, 3 categories of users are there, one is administrator, all the permission to manage the module, then the second one is teacher, teachers can upload anything, grade, all the things that will happen, students means they can view only the contents and submit the file, means assignments, they want to attend the queues, they can attend the queues, yeah, so if you go to the, one second I will show you, you can see defined roles, you can see the, you can define the roles, if you need, either the manager is their course creator, teacher, non-editing teacher, student, then teaching assistants, so you can define, if you want to give permission, you just edit here and give permission, suppose if you want to give the teaching assistant want to grade all the assignment or they want to manually grade the queues, then you can give permission, by default it will not come, you can give permission, only for that module, you want to hide something, that is also possible, so if you click here all the modules will available, then you can edit that, here it will show what are the permission to them, if you want to allow, you click on allow the permission, so what he showed you was to create users one at a time, there are several other options, one way is users enroll themselves, just like you did for Piazza, I sent you a link, you enroll, you can do the same in Moodle, you can tell people go to this course and enroll yourself, or you can give an enrollment key, only people who know that key can enter it and get themselves enrolled, then there is another model where you give a list of users and it is uploaded into Moodle, similarly for courses you can get a list of courses and have it uploaded and courses are created, so there are some formats which it has for bulk loading, and then there is a third model where if you have a database already with the students and courses and so on, you can create a view in that database and give access to Moodle, Moodle will connect to the database, pull the data and create courses and users and who is registered for which course, who is the teacher for the course, who is the student for the course, all of these if you have in a database and give it appropriate views, it defines the views, you create the view and give it permission to connect to the database, it will suck it in, so there are many ways to do it, creating one by one is the most painful way which you do not really want to do. When they are installing, that time they follow the local horse something, that is why it is a problem happening, so there is a file called config.php, if you go to the Moodle folder, you can see a config.php file, you just edit that instead of local horse, put the IP, then it is accessible everywhere. So now the installation is completed, so I am continuing, I want to set the password for the administrator.


Working with our dweenos and building things seems a lot more complicated than it really is. Everyone thinks you need a mechanical engineering degree on top of an electrical engineering degree on top of a computer science degree and it's really not like that. Actually, most of the time I spend on my builds and on my projects is trying to minimize the amount of resources I have to use. So for example, I have a water bottle here where I connected a motor and I have a steering attached and it will actually spray water automatically. And the other option, the one that I started off with, was having an air compressor connected to the bottle which then put air into the bottle, which then I had to modify the tap here to spray out the water. And that would require me to walk around the house with an air compressor in one hand and a bottle in another. We're here, I just have a thin wire that can go to a battery or to something, a wall plug or whatever and now I can control this water bottle with a really small motor on it. It's all about minimizing the cost of something while making it still as good. So when I built the Roomba robot, the one where instead of cleaning the room it makes it dirtier, the focus was how do I 3D print the actual parts without spending $100 worth of plastic? How do I do it with only $10 worth of plastic? And that's what I spent a couple days figuring out as I was building it. Microcontrollers are simple computers that run simple tasks in a loop. So you tell it, here's things I want you to do when you start and then you tell it, here's things I want it to do and you're going to loop those over and over and that's the two options you have. Here's an example I wrote, it's pretty much like a five line program. The first thing that happens is I tell it that an LED exists on pin 13 and that it's going to be an output pin. Pretty much an input pin means it's accepting data, an output pin means it's putting out power. So if you wanted to power something on pin 10, you would say pin 10 is an output pin. But let's say you're receiving a signal on pin 5, you would say pin 5 is an input pin. Now that it does that in your setup, it's going to go to the loop and it's going to start the loop. And inside the loop we have very simple instructions. The first step is a one second delay. The second step is on pin 13, you're going to put it on high, which high means high power. So we're putting high power on pin 13, which is going to be lighting up our LED. Then third step is going to be a second and a half delay. And then the fourth step is going to be the same pin 13 that we put power in. We're going to tell it to turn off that power and go back to low. And then it's going to keep looping through that one second delay, power on, one second and a half delay, power off. Now all you have to do is go to the top left and click verify and it's going to compile your code. And if there's a mistake, it's going to let you know down below here. So if it passes most likely, there's no mistakes in your code and you're good to go. At least syntax errors. And then you're going to go and upload it. And if it uploads correctly to your Arduino, you should see it start working on your Arduino. You should see the lights turn on and off, which if we look right here, we see that it's not. So there's probably an issue in the hardware here. So I'm going to go and take my LED and actually reverse it because it's plugged in wrong. And now we can see that the light turns on and off repeatedly. It turns off for a second. It turns on for a second and a half. Because of the nature of these boards, that's going to be looped over and over and over until there's no more power or something breaks on the board or the LED burns out itself. Microcontrollers are actually all around us.  The only things that don't have microcontrollers are usually more complex computers like the one that I'm actually using to run my computer or the one that's inside of my camera. When it comes to the software end, which is where a lot of my viewership comes from, microcontrollers are pretty simple to understand. While it is C++, Arduino has its own version of C++ where they tweak certain things and make it really easy to understand. So if you came from JavaScript, you can understand this pretty easily. If you don't want to learn C++ and you just want to do it in your own language, there's plenty of ways to use any language possible to write code for an Arduino. If you don't want to use C++ and you want to use your favorite language, that's totally fine as well. There's plenty of ways to make a language work on your Arduino. We can always make videos on that in the future. If you're interested in actually building things, not just an LED that turns on and off, it's actually quite simple. You just have to go and get the pieces. I went on Amazon and for $50, I got myself one of these Arduino boards and a full kit. I'll put a picture on the screen of every sensor you can imagine for the fun little projects that you're going to build on your own. And I have actually used those sensors for real serious projects. Of course, I'm not putting these on my company building or anything, but I'm using them around my house. Like I have a motion detector outside holding one of the gates that if someone was to go through, I would get notified by a loud beep in my room. You can build something like an alarm clock, an electric door lock, an automatic fish feeder, anything pretty much of the sort that you can think of. There's so many options with all these sensors that you can get and pair together. You can even go a bit more complicated and jump into a Raspberry Pi or jump into like an ESP32 board and go and add in a camera and make your own webcam or make your own security camera. You can do really a lot of things when it comes to that. There's also some great resources, websites where people post their projects and they post the diagram and they post the code for it and they tell you how to build the actual project so you can go and replicate it. And honestly, that's where I did. I built like four or five of those and then I learned pretty much how to do what I needed to do and then I went and started building on my own thing. Post links below to all those resources and things that I can find that will help you guys out. I'm actually currently working on a Twitch bot that sabotages my stream. So if you want to go check that out, I'm streaming on Twitch right now while I post this video. I've got a water spray that's going to spray me in the face. I've got tasers that are going to tase me while I'm doing things. Maybe we can paint on stream and you guys are just going to be sabotaging me in the painting. That'd be really funny. I don't know. So if you're interested in that kind of stuff, there's a Twitch link below. I'll probably be streaming on this channel very soon as well. If you enjoyed the video, if it helped you out, maybe check out those resources. Give it a like, subscribe to the channel if you want to see more. I want to see you guys in the next one.


OTAN, Outreach and Technical Assistance Network. Good morning OTAN team, D-Lackers and RPSA administrators. Beth, Michelle, and I are happy to be here today to present our final project to you. And we can thank the OTAN team enough for their support throughout the past two-year journey. Penny Pearson, congratulations on your retirement. Neda Anasari, Destiny Simpson, Dr. Porter, and our fabulous coach, who is extremely patient, supportive, and incredible Blair Roy, thank you all. Our final project is on transitioning ESL students into career pathways. During the first year, and for the midterm project, we focused on transitioning ESL students into our current career pathways, which we will discuss in more details in the next few slides and the challenges we changed, which made us change to the final project. Next, first, I would like to thank our administrators, Eric Veracan, our principal, and Stephen Kasparite, our assistant principal for their support throughout the last two years. We couldn't have done this project without their support. Eric, Stephen, if you'd like to pop in, say hello, feel free to do so, if you're there. And finally, and most importantly, also our fabulous and patient coach, Blair Roy, she met with us on a weekly basis and guided us through the process. Her inspiration and support are incredible. Thank you, Blair. Next. Secondly, I'd like to introduce my D-LAC team and myself. We started with four members, team members, Beth, Michelle, Chris, and I, and we lost one of our team members, Chris Anderson, to the district office halfway through the project. My name is Eddie Jemuzan. I'm the CTE coordinator. I've been with Placer School for adults for the past 28 years and the time has come. Like Penny, I'm retiring at the end of this year. I would like to introduce Beth and Michelle and have them introduce themselves, Beth. Yeah, my name is Beth Manning and I'm one of the counselors. We have two counselors here at Placer School for adults. A lot of my roles consist of our high school diploma program and our GED program, along with our CTE pathways and our career exploration and career assistance with our students. I do a lot of registering students, working with them on their transcripts, helping them to be successful. And now, Michelle. My name is Michelle Raymond and I am an administrative assistant here at Placer School for adults. And about three years ago, I decided to go ahead and get my CTE credentials. So I have a CTE credential in sales and marketing, business and finance, and as well as technology. Thank you, Michelle and Beth. Next. To complete our project, we worked closely with Chrissy Agee, our ESL teacher and department chair, and Chris Staver, who is also one of our ESL teachers. Next. Oh. Let me start by giving you a little background about who we are and who we serve, what programs we offer and how the pandemic affected us in the last couple of years. Placer School for adults is located in the foothills and we serve both Placer and Nevada counties. We offer high school diploma, GED, ESL, and CTE Career Technical Education program. Placer School for adults is also a member of the Sierra Joint Consortium, which includes Nevada County Adult Education, Placer School for adults, Roosevelt Adult School, Tahoe Truckee, and Sierra College. As many of you have been experiencing a drop-down in enrollment, so did we. If you look at the chart in 2018-19, our school thrived in attendance. As you can see, we were about 10,000 students duplicated, which means a student could have taken more than one class. And then unduplicated was half of that, about 4,700 something, I forgot, I don't remember. 4,830. Right, thank you. And then when the pandemic hit in 2020, our enrollment declined to almost half. Our attendance dropped from 10,000 duplicated to 5,487 unduplicated, and from 4,830 duplicated to 2,876 unduplicated. The attendance continued to drop in 2021, dramatically, to 1,429, to also 7,98 unduplicated. This semester, our enrollment picked up a bit and we were pleased with enrollment, so the numbers are going up. Next. So we focused on IELCE, Integrated English Literacy and Civic Education. We wanted our students to have these three skills, ESL, Digital Literacy, and Career Pathways. So we wanted to provide the English Language Learners who are professional with degrees and credentials in their native countries, with the language skills and the digital literacy skills needed for career pathways and for obtaining jobs. So Placer Schools for Adults collaborated with Lincoln High School and Roseville Adult School to provide both ESL classes and through Roseville Adult School and Digital Literacy through Placer Schools for Adults. And the students would take ESL and then switch to taking Digital Literacy. And that worked really well. Next slide. Examples of career pathways that we offered were welding and manufacturing and product development, construction, pre-apprenticeship and OSHA 10 certification under Building and Construction Trades and then Excel, Microsoft Office for the Workplace, Accounting and QuickBooks under Business and Finance, entry-level bookkeeper and as well as clinical medical assistant under Health, Science and Medical Technology. Next. As I mentioned in my previous email slide, Placer Schools for Adults pilots and collaborates to provide services to parents of Lincoln High School students. So we use Lincoln High School classrooms and technology and then Roseville Adult School provided an ESL teacher to teach the ESL language. And then Placer Schools for Adults provided a teacher to teach the Digital Literacy. Next slide. Beth will speak about the challenges that we face transitioning ESL students, English-English learners into career pathways. Beth? Yeah, like many of you, we have a lot of challenges. One of them, of course, being a low attendance which could be in part because of COVID. Thankfully though, we had invested prior to the pandemic, we had invested a lot of time and energy and money into technology. So we had a pretty robust technology program already in our school. So we were very familiar with video conferencing and we did have an online curriculum for our high school diploma class. So that really helped a lot. We had student persistence was another challenge. Just lack of enrollment because students for whatever reason just didn't have the motivation or whatnot to come to class. We had limited English proficiency. They had lack of transportation. So they had transportation issues. They had childcare issues, low technology or not enough technology at home or not enough skills to access our transportation. So those were a lot of challenges that we faced. Thankfully too, we were able to, we only were online pretty much for a few months and then we were back in session. So that was really good that we were able to get back in session pretty quickly. Next slide. So with the challenges, we had a new opportunity to partner with a company called Mountain Enterprises and they're a forestry management company that they contract through PG&E to clean up around high wires and just the forest areas of high fire danger. So in the spring of 2021, we piloted a class and it was about a month long. We had 53 students enrolled in the spring. Then in fall, we had a decline in enrollment to only 13 students. Next slide. We were very excited to partner with Mountain Enterprises but in the first year, we faced many challenges. We had low participation due to students long hours of work and they also worked a lot of overtime. So by the time class started, which was at night in the evening classes, they just didn't have the energy to come to class. So students, and they didn't even have an incentive also to participate. So that was another reason. Next slide. So we refocused with Mountain Enterprises and we came to an agreement with them and decided to make the class a condition of employment. We also developed a blended learning model that was based on CASA scores and it included homework assignments as well. So we CASA assessed each student and based on their scores, we were able to develop instruction according to their scores. Yeah. We also were able to loan them Chromebooks. So students who did not have access to technology were able to loan one of our Chromebooks that we had available. And students could also allow, include family members if they were 18 years or older. We offered the class three days a week, Monday, Wednesday, and Friday and we used the curriculum Pearson Future eBooks in my English lab. Next slide. This year, or actually last year, we integrated a program called Goal for It and used it as a goal planning tool to help students be successful. This program allows students to define their goals short-term and long. The process starts as we onboard students and enroll in classes. A counselor or a teacher introduces the activity and helps the students work their way through the process. After a goal is defined, students create a plan to achieve the goal. They work through barriers and come up with solutions around the barriers to achieve the ultimate goal. They also decide on a timeline of when they plan to reach this goal. Next slide. Michelle is gonna now talk about the pathways. So we started to get creative on what we could do to really help our students get into the pathways. And one of the things that we started doing was inviting our ESL students into other classes, for instance, like our clinical medical assisting program so that they could kind of see what the students were doing, how they were interacting with the different students to feel successful and possibly participating in these programs. We wanted to talk a little bit about the idea 101 and 102 experience that we had. This, first of all, we really like to thank Destiny. It really helped us feel some of the gaps that we had, such as meeting the needs of our students. It helped us to learn about other programs and what other schools are doing. It was so fun to be able to collaborate with Martinez. Thank you so much. You guys are amazing. We really enjoyed getting to know you guys and we really appreciate it. Other things that we did where we really focused on our technology, also classroom learning management systems were moving towards Canvas. And then we were looking at other models of what other schools in the areas were doing as far as teaching. Another thing that we did was we focused on rubrics for instruction, such as curriculum and how we could focus on what curriculum worked best for our students. Our focus was to increase the student involvement, which in essence increases our students' success. So we had an execution of implementing persistence, focusing on our students' progress and the flexibility to meet our students' needs. Examples that we used, we put view sonics in all of our classrooms to inspire the use of technology at our teacher academies. We actually had somebody from Viewsonic come in and train our teachers on how to use the equipment. We, at our teacher academies, we also collaborate amongst staff and other schools at times. We focused on our students' needs and the various challenges that they had so that they could get past those challenges and focus on classroom instruction. We also focused on our strengths. We love this, Dr. Porter. This is one of our favorite things was looking at our team strengths and really learning to focus on those strengths instead of our weaknesses, because I think that's what we all do. We focus on our weaknesses so we can be better at it. And we really learned that to focus and play on our team and our teammate's strengths and to get us through the project. So thank you, Dr. Porter. We'd also like to thank the OTAN team and Blair, where you are so supportive as our team members. We encountered a lot of challenges. We had three of our team members have deaths in their family and having a team leader, one of our team moved to the district. So it was definitely challenging, but Blair all along was there cheering us on and being our biggest cheerleader. And we can't thank you enough. So thank you very much.


Victor Wim and Yama is arguably the greatest draft prospect of this generation at seven foot five 220 pounds. I fully expect him to put on a lot of weight, put on strength. Again, you're looking at a prospect that we've never seen before. At that size, you shouldn't be able to do the things he can do with the basketball. You can just see his natural reinsinks. He has no fear. He goes straight up and he barely gets off the floor and he still gets, you know, a good two feet over the rim. This is something that you can't really teach. This is him seeing his teammate kind of get beat off the dribble here. He comes all the way from the weak side and gets a really clean block here and starts to break for his team. This is a crazy shot where nobody in the NBA, let alone in this French league, is gonna be able to alter this shot. He's got the length, he's got the size, he's got the touch. If you really kind of see the full package of him, he can find a way to make this at a high clip and be effective. It's, it's, it's unguardable with his size. This used to be a 10 out of 10 dunk and the dunk, that's just going between your legs. So the fact that he's doing it in the air, putting it between his legs, it would be fun to see him in a dunk contest.


I'm First Attendant Sharad Gidry. I'm an amateur officer and one-two-three amateur battalion here at JBLM. I decided to join and be part of a professional arms to better myself and also challenge myself with a rewarding career. Growing up, I always looked up to Colin Powell, not even really knowing much about the service. He reminded me a lot of myself and gave me some idea to look up to. Serving as a four-star general during the Gulf War, serving joint chiefs of staff and then post his army career, serving as a secretary of state, he's always given me someone to inspire to be. No matter who he served with or whatever odds he came against, he always was the utmost professional. And with those same values and time like today, I ensure that I keep myself to those same professional standards. If he can definitely make it in his career, then I know I definitely can too. Without a Colin Powell, you have to wonder if there would be a General Lloyd Austin or people like myself that would be able to serve in that capacity. Hi, I'm Sergeant Jane Lopez. I'm the religious affairs specialist at 7th Infantry Division headquarters. I decided to join to branch out and get a different experience in life. Major General Xavier Brunson, his father is a retired star major in the army. And I personally think that having the army lifestyle and the values that we carry instilled at him at a young age contributes to why he's such a powerful leader in today's army. I like his genuine authenticity. I personally love that coming from the chaplain corps that he takes pride in what we do and what we contribute to the mission and the unit. He is very confident in his faith in God and he is not afraid to show it, especially at someone at that high level. And I love that he's really about soldiers, not just as soldiers, but as human beings. He's really about getting to know who you are. And I think that's what makes him such a great leader. Major General Brunson is one of the very few African American division commanders. He just recently linked his command, but I think that overall that is such an inspiring thing for soldiers across the board. For me, it shows that I can accomplish my goals and the dreams that I have, even while serving. And I'm really hoping that the imprint that he has left and is continuing to leave on the army inspires soldiers across the army. He talked about how his father taught him the importance of your name. And I remember him saying in the interview, his father taught him, I will be good with this name. So I personally think that that is helping me to reevaluate how I carry myself as a black female in the army. Not only as Jade or Sergeant Lopez, but as a leader. And I'm hoping that I can figure out how to contribute that and to carry that kind of presence to make impact on soldiers and on the organization.


Issues with the company are being reported such as problems with the number of times human operators must remotely take control of vehicles seemingly every four to five miles of operation crews also seems to have difficulty recognizing children around its vehicles. Its vehicles sometimes temporarily lost track of children by the side of the road during simulation testing. It also said that the problem has since been fixed. And another specific test drive a vehicle detected the child. It was a child test dummy, but it still struck it with the mirror 28 miles per hour. Now I don't know most children are pretty small. So the mirror is probably going to be at head height shoulder neck height 28 miles an hour. You know, for me, that's just going to fold it in and I might have a bruise for a child getting hit in the head like that. That's pretty bad.


And once they had moved into the workforce starting in the 70s, not because there were all these wonderful opportunities for women. On Friday, April 28th, within the walls of Wheeler Hall on UC Berkeley's campus, Professor Robert Reich delivered his last ever wealth and poverty lecture. The Berkeley professor, infamously known on campus for his 650-student wealth and poverty course, will be retiring this spring. My name is Mariana Garcia with CalTV News. Today, I'm here with Professor Robert Reich for a very special retirement edition interview. Professor Reich has authored 18 books, starred in two documentaries, and served in three national cabinets, including for Presidents Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter, and as the Secretary of Labor for President Bill Clinton. He is the co-founder of Inequality Media and serves as a chancellors professor here at the Goldman School of Public Policy. You mentioned on your website where you teach also freely the wealth and poverty course that you're retiring from UC Berkeley but you're not retiring from everything else. So what plans do you have for post-retirement? Everything else that I'm doing now, I will continue to do. God willing. I'm going to do a great deal of writing, videos, maybe another movie, working on another book. I will be testifying before Congress, I expect, as I have continued to do. So I don't think there will be any change in my amount of work, but I will be giving up what I love most, which is teaching. And what are you most looking forward to having more time for once you're retired? Apart from all the work I do, I enjoy hiking, I enjoy dancing, I love to go to the beach, love to spend time with my wife, who is an extraordinary artist. That's amazing. What type of dance do you do if you don't mind me asking, is there a specific genre that you're interested in? Salsa, primarily. Wow, have you ever taken any classes? I do take classes. Okay, you do. Most Caribbean and Latin American dances I enjoy. I have not mastered the tango. So what's been the most fulfilling aspect of your tenure here at UC Berkeley? I think the most fulfilling aspect has been teaching undergraduates. I love graduate school teaching. You know, the Goldman School has been a wonderful home. There's something about undergraduates though, in the sense of students who are on average between 18 and 22, where they're open and excited and appreciative and not quite careerist. People don't know quite what they're doing. And also they live in excitement and fear, which is a funny way of saying it, but that's a very magical period of time. And what would you say has been the hardest part of being a professor here at UC Berkeley? Nothing has been hard. I've taught and been a member of the faculty at Harvard and at Brandeis, two wonderful institutions, but Berkeley is my favorite. I've also been in president's cabinet and I've advised presidents and been in many other organizations, but I've never enjoyed an institution more than I enjoy Berkeley. What do you think makes Berkeley unique compared to the other schools you've studied at Yale and Oxford and the schools that you've taught? First of all, the climate, look around you. Can we want anything better?  But beyond that, there is at Berkeley a clear ethos and ethic of public service, a concern about public issues, a concern about fairness. It doesn't mean everybody here is progressive or everybody here is democratic, capital D or liberal, but it does mean that people start from a place in which fairness matters. And I appreciate that. What advice in general do you have for students pursuing higher education who are finding it really hard here, especially at Berkeley, one of the toughest schools in the country but also one of the best? What advice do you have for all of us and all your students achieving higher education? What I say to my students here at Berkeley is that you are privileged to be at the best public university in the world, in my view. Don't let it intimidate you. It is hard, but you're getting a fabulous education. If you want it, you can probably get through it without doing much work. But what's the point of being here if you don't take it very seriously? I think this is an unbelievable opportunity to launch your life, not in terms of career, but in terms of who you are, what you are, what you believe in. What is something that you wish people knew about you that they don't? I was an art major when I was an undergraduate. Really? Art history. Oh my goodness. Did you continue with art history throughout all of undergrad? That's what you wanted to do? Yes. Well, I didn't know what I wanted to do. I thought maybe I'd be an architect. My senior year at my undergraduate institution, I came out here for the summer and worked as a GSI, then we called the teaching assistant to a professor of architecture here at Berkeley and learned a lot because he believed that architecture was part of sociology. I also learned I didn't want to be an architect. So this semester being your last before retirement, what will you miss most about being here? Being a professor at UC Berkeley? I will miss most walking into a classroom and having that moment of electricity where people are excited, I'm excited, and then those moments where I either say something or do something or help students see something that enables them to break through their walls of resistance or cynicism or whatever you call it. I can't describe how it happens or when it happens, but I can see it. And it is one of the most inspiring, generative things that anybody has a privilege to witness. And my last question for you is, what is your favorite Dolly Parton song? I know you're a big Dolly Parton fan and what words do you have for her if she's watching this? Well, it's obviously nine to five, partly because I was secretary of labor. I care a lot about and have done a lot of research and writing and about work. And that particular song has been my own quiet inspiration.  I've got to meet her. She's my height. She and I share many of the same values. I regret that we did not have a chance to become close in my lifetime or her lifetime so far. But who knows?  Yeah. I hope that dream comes true. I hope so, too. That's amazing. Professor Rice, thank you so much for taking the time, genuinely. Oh, Joe, I'm grateful to you for your time. Thank you so much and congratulations on your retirement. Oh, it's not. Congratulations. I know. You'll miss it.


Hey guys, this is Matt Beck from FreeSalonEducation.com here with American Salon and Steven Lightfoot. I'm really excited for this interview because you have a lot of things going on. So I want to talk about those. Sure. You are on the show circuit this year. So let's just right away tell people if they don't know who you are, your background and where you're at right now in your career. Well, I'll keep it short. So I'm Steven Lightfoot. I'm a hairdresser. I'm the Vice President of Product Development for Peter Copeland Beauty. I'm also a spokesperson and artistic director for Hattori Hanzo Shears. So I have the luxury of being able to kind of walk both worlds, understand how these products are created, help in that creation process. Just do my best now currently to bring the best possible products to the hairdresser. So tell me exactly what that means because I did read that that was your title within Peter Copeland. So when you're working with product development, that's got to be pretty exciting. And I think a lot of people have a lot of questions about that process. So tell me as a hairdresser, how do you get involved? How do you become that? Just like what do you do? So when a company is trying to create a product, they reach out to people who really understand the business. They want to have people on those development teams that not only are looking out from a company's perspective of how to create something that is sellable and that works, but also truly from a hairdressing perspective, how does this work in a business? Does it really function as a styling product or is it just fluff? And I think the confusion comes with there is a lot of fluff in this business. And so my path has led me to be at least respected by these companies enough to say, hey, a hairdresser really needs this. Would you be willing to make it? And after a few successes in that realm, it's become part of my role. Okay. And how long have you been in the hair industry? So 13 years. I'm a hairdresser, first and foremost. I've developed clientels in multiple cities throughout the United States. I started in a small town in Spokane, Washington. Nice. And I still keep that kind of demeanor. You know, we come from my brother and I are both hairdressers. We come from a pretty unique background with a really cool family and we're first generation hairdressers. And we've given our lives to this craft in 13 years for me, six years for him. And I think it's the first and last career for both of us. That's very cool. Very cool. So when did you get started? How old were you when you got started then? So I used to do really terrible haircuts in an apartment complex in a garage with my buddy, Chris Griffith, who's a barber out of Spokane, Washington. Okay.  Right. And I asked him if he'd show me how to do that. And at the time, there wasn't a lot of work where we lived and there wasn't a lot of opportunity. So I took it as an opportunity to become a barber to pay for college. Okay.  And there was a chemistry book at my small private hair school in Spokane and I asked them all, and what do you guys need this for? Having that common misconception that hairdressers aren't intelligent people, that they don't need that information. And I was, I turned. Yeah, like that moment happened. It was just that, that was the moment for me where everything came together and I knew that this was a path that I could take. Yeah. And I developed a love for female hairdressing and that's paid for every good thing that I've ever had in my life. That's very cool. So it was the same thing with me. I was in, I started school because I actually, when I called the beauty school, I said, you guys do this. Right. I was in Iowa. Totally. And they're like, yeah, and they can make great money. I'm like, okay, sign me up. So I went into school with the notion that I would just go in, I would work at a salon forever and like that would be my, you know, that's the job. That's how you work. But then I went to my first hair show and I saw this world. So tell me, so you're in this world. Yes. And you're bouncing from company to company right now. Sure. Your focus is Peter Coppola. Of course. I'm guessing was kind of the initial. Right. I mean, the thing about the show circuit and what we're having a conversation about right now is that a lot of hairdressers and what we want to impart upon the new ones is that there's so many different pathways that can evolve from it. Right. So if you have a love for the craft and you're creating great work for your clients, that to me is the definition of a good hairdresser. Right. But when you start to see the opportunities like the show circuit to be able to find that pathway for you, there's so many options. Oh, yeah. It's unlimited. Right. Like you can get into any facet of whether it's photography, video, photo shoots, you know, stage work, being a comedian. Sure. There's everything you can think of in this industry and you also cut hair with it. Exactly. So all right. So Peter Coppola, tell me about the company, the brand, because I definitely am familiar. Right. I would like to know what's happening now. I know you have, we talked about ABS. Yeah. I do want to talk about that because that would be if I had a company, you know, skateboarding and hair at the same time would be my thought process as well. You'd be into it. Yeah. So tell me what you got going on. So here's the deal with Peter Coppola. We have this amazing opportunity. Us as the people who make decisions in that company to really impart something that we believe in and that we love. And we know that not everybody will love what we do. Right. But we know that we do. So the core values of the company are upheld. Yeah. And I think that integrity and authenticity is what sets us apart and gives us this opportunity. And what that turned into for us is a lot of the people in our brand really gravitated towards specific cultures. Skateboard culture or barber culture. And that may not be what we sell or what we do in print, but we love it. Right. So we are given this great opportunity to reach out to all different genres of people, cultures and businesses, and bring them together. So we're going to bring a skate ramp to ABS. That's awesome. We've got a vert ramp coming to ABS and we can use that stage to attract attention. That's what a show is about. And that's what people don't understand. So when you go to a hair show and you guys will see I'm creating a vlog of today as well. Right. But when you walk in there, it's pure chaos. Absolutely. Like for the most part, hair shows, it's everyone blasting their favorite song as loud as they can to try to trump the other person. You're right. So the only way I think that you can grab attention is either being super quiet, but like putting out the best hair ever. Best work. Or bring a vert ramp. Right. So we're going to use that as a catalyst. Right. And these are people that don't necessarily work for our own brand, but that we're bringing in because we like their work. Yeah. And they love what we're doing. Yeah. So we have like Brian Hurston from the night owl barber shop in Toronto. Pope the barber coming out from LA. He's one of the most killer female barbers ever. I got Dushanka coming out for our natural hair. So we're bringing all these different elements. So the skate ramp, yeah, of course, it's bringing people to the booth. It gets them there. But we have a true belief that if we do the hair that we're the best at, that'll present the best in front of a crowd. Yeah. Well, you have to deliver on the attention. So you get them there. Yeah. But then there has to be, you can't just be skateboarding. So you're now. It will better be good hair. Exactly. They're coming with skateboarding and they're like, why am I at the skateboarding booth? You better have something to back it up. And we brought a team together that we really believe in. And then the education classrooms along with that. We drive people there for the legitimate education hairstylist crave and deserve. Like what you're offering to people. Right. It's like, hey, look, here's how you create this. Yeah.  Yeah. I'm giving you honest, the honest way that I make this work. And hopefully you can take it to be a better hairdresser yourself. Exactly. It's not about us. Right. And I really think that our brands, all the brands that I work with, Peter Coppola particularly and Hattori Hanzo, want to really give a hairdresser an opportunity. So tell me the thought process of when you were talking about Peter Coppola being, you're bringing in barbers. Yeah. This is fascinating to me because I do, I know Peter Coppola brand and I've never associated it with men's hair. Right. So tell me about that, like how you're twisting that in there. So the way that we're running it is this. If there's a demand from the hairdressing community to learn how to do something. Yeah. Well, what's hot? Barbering, men's hair, traditional shapes, traditional fades. These are things that are really popular. Whether I offer a product that specifically speaks to that market or not. Yeah. I have an obligation to the hairdresser to give them authentic education. So I'm going to bring them. Yeah. Are there products that do cater to that? Yes. And on our line, we have the luxury of having a truly formaldehyde free, like a smoothing system that works on all hair types. Well, God, you have this traditional fade model that's super popular. Right. And you have X amount of hair types that that actually works on. If I want to pompadour a slick or a hard part, if I have a very highly textured head of hair, I'm not going to be able to accomplish that easily. Right. So with our, with our system, you just shampoo them at the bowl. If you have one in your shop, hit it with the treatment for 20 minutes and bang, you've given that man the opportunity to wear that look. Right. So we have one skew that really ties into that. But we think, we think overall is the cosmetology style men's work. Right. These are cosmetologists. Not all of them are barbers. They do female hair too. Yeah. So if we can hit them where they want the education, then we will be able to then in tow give them the products if they would like them. It's the thing I keep trying to tell people every single day is hair is hair. Like whether it's on a man, on a woman, it's all about creating shape. And if you know how, if you know hair, then you can cut anything. Dude, I got goosebumps because that's the concept that's hard. It's the hardest thing in the world to try to translate. Right. And I'm so fortunate and blessed that companies recognize the soul of a hairdresser, like what it's really about. That have given me the opportunity. I'm not special. I'm, I stuck by my guns and really believed what you just said. Yeah. And that worked out. People hired me for that. Yeah. And so if you go watch the diversity through texture shoot, what our year is about the first line in that video is, well, all hair is hair. Right. And all hair is beautiful. Yeah. So we, through diversity through texture, which is a, which is a set that I've created and I've worked with the team to make. That's what we're about. Yeah.  But let's give you the best possible look we can. And then that's what our company stands for. And we really are doing it. Awesome. And that's hard to do. Yeah. It is. It's really cool. If you and far between that a company is focused and has a team that is dedicated to, to delivering that message, you know, how I see these companies. I meet with these companies. Right. And it's such a struggle because I want to come to a hairdresser and say, Hey, we're doing this for you. But everything that we've, you know, seen and we've been taught in the last decade, sometimes the basis, the hairdresser's faith in the company. Right. Well, the hair shows that you love to go to. It's based on the company's revenue. Right. And so we have to find that balance of where we really are catering to our peers and be honest with them. Yeah. And then also serving that industry that helps us create the education. Yeah. And Coppola is the first place. I've never worked for a record company that consulted, helped them build products, done things for their business, but I've never worked for one before. And this company has the integrity that makes me stand behind it like the only other company I work for. Very cool. Yeah. So tell me, I guess to end the conversation, even though I think we could probably talk for a really long time. I would love to. Right. The, tell me the future, what your thoughts are? Like where's your mind headed? Because I know when you have multiple things going on, you know, you have to have a direction. So what's coming up for you? Personally. Or as a professional. Personally. Personally, yeah.  I recognize the basic fact that I'm not there for myself. I'm there for them. Right. And as my career continues to evolve, it's become more apparent to me that watching the lights turn on for a hairstylist of 40 years and a hairdresser that's one hour out of school. Right. Means more to me now than anything. Yeah. And as I continue on the path that I'm at, I'll let it evolve naturally because everything in my career from the day I walked into Glendale Academy 13 years ago to today has been because I've been open to the opportunities, listened to the people that I respected. Yeah. And I want to hopefully become that person for many others. And that's the goal. That is exactly the way that your mind should think in this industry. That's the reason that you have the opportunities that you have. Yeah. It's the reason, you know, like a lot of people out there just, they ask, how can I do it? How can I do it? Yeah. And that's, if you're asking how you can do it, like that's not, you're not in the right mindset. You just do it. Yeah. Like you just go out and you just do it. So awesome, Steven Lightfoot. Yes, sir. Yes. Yes. So very cool. Definitely check out. You have social media, anything. Yeah. You can find me at Steven Lightfoot Hair. You can also follow my ice cream blog at Ice Cream Again. You have an ice cream blog? Dude. I think one of the best things about us as a community, is that we have things that keep us sharp. Yeah. And some people will use martial arts or some people run or some people lift weights. I cook. Okay. It comes, I think, from maybe that left part of my brain that goes, all right, if I have this much surfactant with this much, you know, other ingredient, I'm going to get a volumizing shampoo or a smoothing shampoo. Right, yeah. Right. But the baking element, that's what I do when I'm not doing hair. It's the same thing. I'm formulating an idea. Okay. It comes into a batter. Then I cook it, and hopefully it comes out great. That's awesome. I got to follow this. What is that one? Yeah, so Ice Cream Again. Okay. It's tough to spell, but it's new. Whatever. Just figure it out. I love to cook. Right, that's awesome. And then you can find us at Peter Coppola Hair, of course. Yeah. And the Coppola Crews are hashtag. And, you know, I hope that a lot of people, whatever sees this, you know, whoever sees this, like we want to impart the one thing that we say to everybody is that the most important thing in your business is the person in the chair at that time. Yeah. And it doesn't matter if it's social media that you're into or whether you grow your clientele internally, the more people that respect your vision of beauty, the better you'll be. And that's it. That's all I want to leave people with. So be a part of that. Come and hang out. All right. We'll follow Steven, follow American Salon. Thank you to American Salon Magazine for hooking us up with this table at IBS so we can talk to cool people like Steven. Thanks so much, man. Anytime, man. Thank you guys for watching. We'll see you on the next video. Awesome.