I'll always think about that summer home my parents were renovating as a joyful one. The old cobblestone path that guided my small feet home to the porch of that tall four-story wood cabin. My mother was truly a gifted painter. She touched the wood with a cedar finish that shined brighter during the rain and glowed in the night. My father restructured the house and repaired the old mold-covered wood. His hands alone made it sturdy and strong while moms made it warm and inviting. I recall playing out under the old white willow tree that stood hundreds of feet old and as tall as my young eyes could see, a goliath of nature there to protect me. It was under that tree, I first saw it. When it came to me it was nothing more than a blur behind a bright light, beckoning me over. I followed it into the woods. It showed me so much. It showed me the pond where frogs hopped, snakes slithered and where crickets sang loudest. It let me see a beauty within such a bog, one that even my mother would appreciate. The days went by and it showed me so much more. It showed me life being brought into the world, dough giving birth to baby fawn and it showed me frogs that had died due to a sudden change in weather. My friend held me when I cried for those that had closed their eyes for good. It was so kind and took such good care of me. As time went on, I asked my parents to bring my imaginary friend inside. Mother smiled and laughed. Her green eyes set upon me lovingly. Father on the other hand, shook his head, looking over at my mother with great concern. Not tonight. He said, his voice grumbled with an unfamiliar concern that surprised even my mother. Father told me my friend wasn't real. But mother wanted me to enjoy my friend and explore the depths of my imagination before the summer would end and we would be back in the city. My friend did not like that. Its warm demeanor faded for just a moment. My eyes caught a glimpse of something scary. It's hands reached out to me, yet the sound of my mother caused it to retract its hands back. We met under the willow tree late in the night. This bright deluded appearance shrouded in light had even less of a glow now. I could start to make out small features. My friend had fur and made grunts. I don't think friend was human, but I loved friend so much it didn't matter. My friend didn't want me to go instead offered to keep me here. I told it my parents and I would go back to the city where my friends were and it became upset. It asked me to come into the woods before I left. I did. It took my hand and we made our way into the woods. Friend told me if I followed it into a cave in the hillside where it lived I could stay here with it. The cave looked dark and deep just outside where the frogs had died. The smell was so pungent and overwhelming I felt dizzy breathing it in. I could see that baby fawn I'd watched come into our world lifeless outside my friend's cave. It's once brown eyes beginning to cloud over. I became scared of my friend. Why did it die? I called out hot tears streaming down my face. My friend tried to brush away my tears but it's nail pricked my skin causing me to bleed. Many things will feel it insisted its voice hummed a subtle growl that I'd not heard before. I tried to back away but my friend grabbed my hand so tight it hurt. When I pulled away from my friend it dragged me closer to the cave. You will stay. It demanded its voice gone from a subtle growl to a deep and vicious rage. That's when father came running into the woods. Get inside.  Looking back my friend was nowhere in sight neither was that mean looking cave. I was so happy to see my father even despite being upset with me he could see how scared I was. I told him my friend made me it dragged me it betrayed me. My father never said anything only held me and carried me inside. He insisted we finish the home soon and my mother reluctantly agreed for weeks my former friend never showed yet his anger lingered as if he was still beside me grabbing my hand so tight the foul air still around me. I decided to go out one night to go beyond the old willow tree once more. I walked past its white branches that hung low with buds of pink and red blossoming bright with a smell so refreshing. I walked into the thicket the frogs were gone now and the body of the dough along with them alone stood the pond with lily pans floating peacefully along the top of the water. Fog rolled off the pond and combed through the floor of the woods scaring away small critters and bugs alike. The sound of nature came to a quick stop. I watched the fog form into a swirl and watched it dance around the top of the pond then jolt to the left of me and over the hillside where it stood twisting and spinning about. I was mesmerized by this unlikely course of nature this profound moment that lured my attention away from fear and into a catatonic state of awe. It swirled and danced until I could see through the fog its transparency becoming more apparent. There behind it was that scary cave and two beady red eyes of what was once my friend. The swirl of fog masqueraded his mean image as he along with the fog chased after me. I snapped out of my trance and ran yet no matter how fast I did my former friend was faster. It reached for me nearly grabbing hold. I could hear my mother calling for me yet when I called back the fog blinded me causing me to cough and gasp for air. I couldn't call back. You will never leave me again. It snarled. That's when I saw my father run to me from the clearing. I reached out for him and he pushed me behind him. I nearly fell over from his strength. He searched all through the forest ignoring me as I tried to tell him what happened.  He shouted in anger. Dad slept during the day but stayed up at night watching outside. I thought he had become mean like my friend yet mother assured me he was only protecting us. It was the night of the move a storm gathered outside fierce and without scrutiny. It shoved trees along and crashed against our summer home. I looked out the window one last time before going to bed. I wanted to see the old willow tree one last time. It was on fire burning bright ashes collecting in the gust torn skies and pieces of my fond memories flying scattering in the wind. Father went outside to put out the fire running fast towards the old willow tree. That's when I saw my friend and the hate that had grown within. I could see it clearly now for what it truly was. It had hooves covered in black tar and fur full of mange. It stood upright like us and had the face of a goat with horns that curled and bent with menace. It had the torso of a man and the hands of one too yet its fingers were long and covered with hair. It beckoned me over with haunting pale eyes. It mouth the words pointing its scary finger towards my father. I screamed no and slam the window shut. My mother came running and looked outside in horror.  She told me to wait here and never make a sound. I stood still and silent. I could hear its hooves click and then step inside our summer home. It called for me. Its voice growling lower with each haunting repeat of my name. I covered my mouth and begged in my mind praying for it to leave. It reassured me. It was still my friend. It wanted me to come with it out behind the old willow tree. I closed my eyes, refusing its calls. That's when I heard it stomping through the hallway and now in my room. It must have known where I was. It broke through the door with its horrid horns. It punched and kicked, hissed and swore. Why was it so violent? I thought we were friends.  You came once before. Now you will leave, said my father. It hissed and stomped, trotted and swore at my mom and dad. I was only a boy when you tried to take me from my home.  My father clenched his fist and moved toward the beast. It snarled and hissed at my father.  You weren't good enough. It spat towards father.  My mother screamed, stepping towards the monster hand in hand with my father. The creature hissed and snarled, banged and wailed profanities I would not speak. It must have returned to its cave back deep beyond the willow tree. My parents have since told me to stay wary of imaginary friends. My father had met it once when he was my age. He told me how mean the creature was when he refused its hand. He begged me, steer clear, never go there. He had not suspected the beast had traveled since last he'd seen it. We live in a new cottage now, far from the noises of the city. It doesn't have that willow tree I used to play under. Its forest is not as vast and the animals outside are so few. My parents are here and I feel safest. Still, even now underneath the city lights and sounds, I think about what happened under that old willow tree when it first came to me.


I am standing beside the Bighorn Medicine Wheel, located in the Bighorn Mountains, 30 miles east of Lovell, Wyoming. This ancient circular pattern of rocks was created approximately 700 years ago and is one of many medicine wheels found throughout North America. This historical remnant is named for its bicycle wheel shape. Individual stones and a number of rock carons form the 80-foot wide rim of the wheel as 28 spokes radiate out from a prominent central caron. Historians and archaeologists believe the wheel and the surrounding landscapes were used for ceremonial and traditional uses by a great number of prehistoric peoples. There is also evidence to suggest the rock arrangements of the wheel served an astrological purpose, pinpointing various days of the calendar year such as the summer solstice as well as corresponding with the lunar month. Still today, the wheel holds spiritual and ritual significance for many American Indian tribes. Visitors are also asked to respect the sacred nature of the site by leaving rocks and prayer offerings undisturbed. The next time you're in the Bighorns, consider a visit to the Bighorn Medicine Wheel to visit and explore what has been called one of the largest and most elaborate Indian structures of its type. From the University of Wyoming Extension, I'm Brian Sebade, Exploring the Nature of Wyoming.


For me, it's very much of a training or discipline of mind that we need to interpret a distraction as really a call for love, it's our own call for love, you know, it's calling us to come back. Anything can be turned around once you interpret it in a helpful way, so instead of seeing it as something that's negative or taking you away, it's just to recognize that that's one's own call, that's our call for love. And sometimes it's easier to recognize in terms of, with interpersonal relationships, there's someone who's angry or upset and you can think that they're calling for love, but when you're working with your mind and you feel that you're being distracted, then sometimes it's not so easy to just see that that's one's own call for love, it's a call to come back. In my practice, what I've done is when I've had thoughts that I really feel are distractions, my practice has always been just giving them over to the Holy Spirit and saying, this is my gift to you, I'm giving you all my distractions. And in a sense, I start to realize that I can't own them in the ultimate sense, I have to hand them over. And often things that can seem to be distractions when used by the ego can be turned around. So for example, for me, like there were times I know when I was a child and definitely during my teenage years where I used movies as escapism, I really would go to the movie theater to get away from my life. My life I considered was just dark and boring or frustrating and everything and I would want to go to the movie theater and just escape into another world. And I think I did that a bit with sports, different types of recreation, different types of entertainment. And when you get on the spiritual journey, you realize that the Spirit can use anything of form. So some of the things that were even used before by the ego as distractions get brought in line with the Spirit. I remember taking one of those early trips with Lisa when we were traveling across the country and she was really down on herself for smoking, smoking cigarettes. She said, how's that going to work? I think cigarettes are a big distraction in my life and I'm really critical and I have a lot of guilt around smoking cigarettes and everything. So you watch this trip we take, just watch, just give it over to the Holy Spirit and say take the smoking and you use the smoking for your purposes. When we would go to the Course in Miracles gatherings, we'd have the gathering inside and then a group would peel off. Often times the smokers would peel off and would go outside and they would have their little Smokeers Course in Miracles conference talk out there and she was marveling at how the cigarettes were being used throughout the whole trip. When we got out to, I think it was Kansas, we were staying with this man and his wife and his wife was going through all this trauma and everything and so Lisa went out back with her and lit up a cigarette, the woman lit up a cigarette that was a symbol for them to connect and join on all these things that the woman needed to heal. The cigarettes got used as well. So for most people we could think of cigarettes as a distraction but they're just symbols and the dreams, they're just dream symbols, they can be used by the Spirit as well. The movies for me got used far from escapism or escaped ego escapism, it was more like Holy Spirit escaped from the world you made escapism, the best kind of escapism, authentic awakening, which you're escaping the world of separation and you're being lifted into the miracle realms, into the higher realms of the mind, that's a good use for movies. Music, I think I used it to distract, when I was younger I would just want to close off for my parents, from school, from everything, put the headphones on and I think I just tried to dive into it and it wasn't all really inspiring, it had a little more of an achy breaky heart, all this stuff where you're wanting some music to commiserate with. That was not a helpful use although I did get in touch with a lot of emotions which was helpful, that helped me get in touch with a lot of sadness and hurt, abandonment feelings, rejection feelings, loneliness, the music helped me get more in touch with that and I had to, I had to get more in touch with my feelings so I could release them. Then as I went along the music became much more inspiring, uplifting, before I would go to work I would string together these cassette tapes you know with all these great inspiring music so I'd be flying as high as a kite when the car made it to work and I would use the music in very inspirational ways, not to hide but to actually bring myself into deeper alignment so that I would be energized whenever I would show up at work or show up to whatever. So I think it's all in the turnaround, it's not in labeling and judging things kind of as just distractions or negative but really just in handing them over to the Holy Spirit and saying you know I have used this in a way that feels unhelpful, I want to give it to you to use in a way that is helpful. Even education can be used all those years, ten years of university, I just had to just say okay you use it now, if there's any vocabulary or any words that would be helpful for your purposes then take it from me and use it and that's been getting away from it being a distraction. I know that the ego used just hiding out in college and university as part of a destructive device of hiding from the world at times but when it's given over to the Holy Spirit then it turns around in a very loving, glorious way. A volunteer in our community recently who was invited to this restaurant bar and was there for some hours and then kind of could feel the inner prompt went to stop you know with the drinking and then some more people started showing up and basically this this guy just crossed over he ignored the prompt you know like that's your last one he ignored that went on and on and on with it and then got drunk for the first time in quite a while he'd been volunteering with us for a while it had been an older pattern from earlier in his life he just kind of broke through into that got drunk and then it experienced like intense guilt the next morning over that like the big slip-up kind of thing and and then Jenny who's part of our community was just working with him saying well actually you have been advancing advancing advancing spiritually and now you're just coming to the point where you're starting to teach more you're just letting the Spirit pour through you and teach and more eyes are on you and because whenever you're teaching it's not the words that teach but it's your attitude and all your behaviors and everything rolled into one and so it was partly that there were people kind of looking to him looking up to him and so on and so forth and the guilt was ah messed up i just really got drunk but but really it's the problem is not in the form it's just when we get those little prompts there's always little promptings in our mind you know we can go so far with something and it's okay and then when we get that prompt and we ignore that prompt for whatever reason you know could be unworthiness could be anything underneath there that's where the guilt comes in and that's where it does turn into to a distraction a distraction in the overall context of things it doesn't do anything to the truth obviously but but it is a delay maneuver it's like an ego delay maneuver just delaying the awakening and so then you have to forgive that you know you get good practice at forgiving forgiving your mind for the delay maneuver as well


Between the PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X, here's the console that I love more and would sacrifice my life to make sure it comes out victorious. Drumroll? Neither.    I said both Xbox and PlayStation are great and they can't stand to PC gaming.  Now that time has passed, I'm not 14 eating Pop Tarts and watching regular show. Nevermind, scratch that. Now that I'm not 14, my opinions have changed on the current console war. Maybe my views have changed because I'm an evil, cynical monster but my point of view of equality has reduced to atoms.  One, because it's simply not true, and two, because it's pretty clear why through observation.   I was originally an Xbox player, but after the realization that PC is just better for me I started playing a majority of PC games.   Even though that's true for a lot of them, the best way to experience general gaming is by a PC and if you deny that you're biased.  In truth a lot of people are not dedicated enough to invest a lot of money toward a PC rig or just simply don't care enough or can't afford to. A lot of console players are children or the average Joe who gets off their 9-5 shifts and want to relax and play casually.  The people who could breathe through their nose are talking. Ever since Fortnite released PC gaming has become way more mainstream with the general public coming to terms that performance will always be best on a PC. So with consoles being inferior machines in terms of performance the only edge a console has is in its exclusive titles. As I stated I was more of an Xbox player growing up than a PlayStation player. My stepdad owned an original Xbox because of Halo. Then he got an Xbox 360 over the PS3 because it was the superior console at the time. And if you disagree I'll put my nun chucks up but you're bullshitting. The Xbox 360 blew out the PS3 in its console war and it was due to its exclusives. Halo 3, Gears of War, Forza, Dead Rising.  But because of the Xbox 360 success I got an Xbox One while my stepdad got a PS4. And this was due to me being 12 at the time and not being aware about the bad PR around the Xbox One. Yeah, the Xbox One sucked dick and had an identity crisis contemplating if it wanted to be a Roku more than a console while being priced at $500 compared to the PlayStation 4's $400 price tag.   All these issues were when the console launched and would have been worse if the ideas from its PR debacle didn't get cut due to Microsoft being called out on their bullshit. Now with the current console war coming to a close it's time for everybody to be honest and admit that PlayStation won this console war whether you like it or not. While Microsoft had their thumbs up their asses Sony Nintendo smacked it out the park with game titles and console sales. Yes I include Nintendo because even though they aren't necessarily going head to head with anybody the Switch has been a complete success on Nintendo's part. Spider-Man, God of War, Horizon Zero Dawn, Persona 5, Uncharted 4, The Last of Us 2. I know it's controversial to say that but cry me a river. An Xbox had Halo 5, Gears of War 5 and Crackdown 3. I'm not including Cuphead because it was also on PC and then later added to Switch. Microsoft had so many underwhelming exclusives on their console to the point where I gave my original Xbox to my little sister as a Fortnite machine and got a PlayStation 4 to play Sony's exclusives. Other than personal feelings of Sony out doing Microsoft it's also fact. PS4 did lapse on the Xbox in terms of sales and generated money. But with a new console around the corner I'm going to state my honest opinion. Not out of favoritism but what I see as a logical subjective point of view. Both console prices haven't been revealed as they're both at a standoff to see who's is more expensive. But the PS5 still has a massive edge at the moment.  Which will possibly make it also more expensive for a slim advantage. And as a PC gamer I've already stated that I don't care about a console's hardware and what I care about is the console's exclusives. And Microsoft has either shot themselves in the foot or did a very risky generous move by allowing Xbox exclusive titles and Game Pass to be purchased on PC. Halo Infinite is exclusive to Xbox and PC. Gears War is exclusive to Xbox and PC. Future Microsoft games will be available on PC. Why do I want to buy a new Xbox when I can play Halo Infinite on my better PC rig? Or in Sony's case I can't play Spider-Man on my PC making more tempting to get a PS5. It's making Microsoft more money because PC consumers can now buy their games but it will affect their console sales because if I have a budget to only get one console why would I get an Xbox when I could play all my games on PC?   They buy it because you can't play Mario or Zelda legally anywhere else besides Nintendo's consoles. Consumers care more about games than hardware. So even if I didn't have a PC why would I want to risk and gamble my possibly $700 on Halo Infinite when the past two Halo games have been very flawed? Where Sony's launch titles have a better reputation and more variety. The only reason I see someone getting an Xbox over a PS5 is loyalty. But from an open point of view there's no reason for me to get an Xbox when I can have Xbox games on PC and I can play my Sony exclusives on PS5. At the end of the day it's a subjective take on consoles. Buy what you want to buy this is just my point of view. The PS5 is looking to be a safer option for the next generation of consoles and Xbox is going to have to work very hard for the mini fridge to even stand equal. If you disagree with me I generally want to know why. Discussion is healthy. Thanks for watching. This was a quick discussion but if you're new I suggest you look at the rest of my channel. I make gaming videos and film analysis.  Peace.


This paper provides an overview of the current state of cellulosic ethanol technology, focusing on chemicals and materials with a T-RL of at least eight. These include chemicals such as acetic acid, perforal, leviolinic acid, and siloes monomer, as well as materials such as activated carbon, ion exchange resins, and cellites. This article was authored by Oscar Rosales Calderon and Valdeer Ehrens.


So, this is the last session of the workshop. There isn't anything planned as such, there is an open session, you can use this much like the introductory section to share with us whatever you want to share as a teacher. Also, if there is some specific feedback, we have collected your feedback, but if you would like to tell it to my face directly, I will appreciate even that. It's just an open session, we have about an hour for this, then the guest will come and we will have a valid activity function. So, one thing which I was kind of curious to know is the national integration aspect of it. I know people I have seen from Andhra, Tamil Nadu, many other places, just to see what the composition of the workshop is. We will do that exercise in a little while, I will just call up state-wise, I will just like to see each state how well it is represented, just as a fun activity. We will do it shortly, but before that if there is anything, the floor is open, anyone wants to tell anything about anything, you are welcome. Hello, good afternoon madam. I just want to ask one, it is not related with course, it is just a general question. Like when you are interacting with your students, might be it's a class of 150, 200, 250. So which one is easy to handle, your students are to handle different coordinators. Actually the duration was only five days and for a good portion of the time I think you are engaged in the lab exercises. So overall my experience of this has been very smooth. In fact I was, the first day I had a sleepless, I wouldn't say sleepless night, but I was a little bit, I was doing this large scale for the first time. I mean I have conducted smaller workshops, but they involved at most 70, 80 teachers. This is the first time where it is 250 and thinking about the future also the 10,000 or 8,000. It was a little bit tense for me, so the day before the first day, the night I had difficulty falling asleep. Normally I sleep quite easily, but compared to whatever it is it had, according to my expectations ran very smoothly. I think a big thanks would be to Dr. Mukta's team, they just let me focus on the technical aspects, rest of the details they have handled it excellently. So I wasn't burdened with any of those details. I could focus on what I know best, which is the content and managing the student-teacher kind of a thing. So overall I felt and also seeing the level of enthusiasm of some of you, I mean I'm not, this is not a complaint, it's a compliment that whenever I'm free, I mean I was really touched by the amount of people coming up to me and sharing whatever it is, asking questions or sharing something about their institute. The fact that I couldn't have lunch on time or I was constantly talking, it didn't bother me at all. In fact I was very happy to be doing it and that shows the level of enthusiasm of many of you and that itself is a very touching thing. Overall I'm very happy with the way the workshop has happened. So comparing with the students, it's a too short a duration. I think probably the students are a little bit more trouble. I think you have been easier to handle more because you're all very mature adults. So yeah. Madam, can I know your workload? Workload. Because in our college we'll be having two theory classes and one practical lab. Apart from that documentation works and other related works. So it is difficult to handle. So workload, I mean that way our department is very fortunate. We have a large group of faculty. We are about 40 in our department. In fact IIT Bombay has the largest faculty strength in CSC. I would probably say across India. I don't know if it's across Asia. Lot of the other IITs, I think the strength is around 25, 30, 35. So we are doing very well that way. So because of the fact that we have large numbers, our teaching load is relatively light. In other words we teach two subjects in a year. Often one will be a UG course and one will be a PG course. So that is the teaching aspect of it. And sometimes the UG courses have a lab component also. So that adds to a little bit more load. We handle about 100 students at the UG level. At the PG level it's a function of the popularity of your course. Typically the computer networks, the kind of courses we run, it leads into 100 even there because these are also rather popular courses. That's from the teaching side. So research side we have, I mean at least I can speak from my perspective about 3, 4 BTECH students on the average. This time around because I have all these things working, I was managing 10 BTECH students also as part of R&D. So I was handling roughly about 12, 13 students apart from the teaching. So that's the research aspect of it. Naturally when you handle students you have to read up yourself, you have to think what they should do next. So all that also adds up.  For example, I am part of this DPGC which handles postgraduate affairs. So what are the issues faced by the PG students policy making things like that. So there is some administrative load also. I am also part of a committee called PhD reforms committee which is looking into how to attract PhD students to IIT Bombay. So that way there will be some administrative load. So what this all boils down to finally is in a day, I mean probably it's true for many teachers as such. It's a flexible system. You can load yourself as much as you want by taking on more student doing more research so on. The fundamental thing of just teaching an administrative by itself probably is not that much load. You can manage it very comfortably. But research is an undefined thing. You can burden yourself or you can try to shoot for the stars where even 16, 17 hours a day is not enough or you could take it slightly easier where maybe 10, you can manage with maybe 8 to 10 hours a day. Yeah, it's somewhere along that. It's a packed day. So the fact that it is, I do feel and of course this is the professional life and then you have your own personal life, children, blah, blah. So it's typically a packed day. I do feel, but I enjoy the work. So I have no complaints, but leisure is something which is a rarity in my life at least. I don't know what others, but... Calling their parents and telling them that, no, it's something like whether to continue them in the institute or throw them out of the institute. Okay. How is it done? Yeah. And the second question is, is there any feedback from the student side about the teaching quality of a faculty in this institute? So there is, so we do monitor student progress over the academic course. So we have an academic probation program also. So all week students, there is a system in place where we get queries from the administration as to how this... So if the student is in the academic program, we have to periodically inform them as to how the student is doing in the current course. They talk with the student. We also have, for example, the medical, like any psychiatric help, whatever is there, they do provide those kind of support system also. The parents are kept in the loop of naturally if a student is falling behind, the dean of student affairs is in contact with the parents also. This is only in case the student is flunking and he will be potentially be kicked out of the program. That is when all these things come into play. Other than that, it is up to the individual faculty to see some faculty pay attention to the weaker students, some kind of let them slip through the cracks. It's totally faculty dependent. That is your first question. So teachers, all teachers have, so the end of a semester when you do a course, there is a teaching evaluation that the students would do. Sometime back it was not compulsory. So in a class of maybe 100, maybe 40, 50 will fill, then later they made it compulsory. Then I think we regretted the decision of making it compulsory because all teachers' scores kind of dropped. But because if you make it compulsory, these are many of the students who have not attended your lectures. And then they're trying to evaluate what can they tell. They'll just say neutral most of the time or if they're, for some reason, unhappy with you because you didn't grade them properly or they'll just give negative feedback. So it wasn't quite correlating with, so it was leading to a lot of frustration among the teachers. So then I think they again made it optional. I have a student here with me. So he is, what is it right now? Is it compulsory or? I see. Okay. They have provided an option where you say, I don't want to fill the form. Yeah. They made it that your grades are displayed only when you fill the form. But now I think they went back on that. Hello. So the student perspective, by the way, I should, people think, right? So we have a student also among us. So from the student perspective, if you have any questions, you can direct to him as well. Hello, ma'am. Ma'am, actually the students of IIT, irrespective of IIT Bombay or IIT Kanpur or any IIT, they are the cream of the country. They are? They are the cream of the country. The cream of the country. And if the faculty are just outstanding, but at the same time, as you say or some of your experiences in the teaching that in the first class to the last class, the student attendance deteriorates from 100 to 20. It's a big concern with the students, with the education system. So what do you feel exactly? We also perceive the same thing. We are taking the residues of the creams and with the faculty in private engineering colleges, the status. So we are also facing the same problem as you are facing. So is there any planning that the morality, the ethics of the students, as well as the human as a whole, is deteriorating day by day, whether they, as MSRD or from Government of India, is there any planning, do you have any knowledge about that floating any kind of course for evaluating, not only for the technical, for making a good human being? Is there any planning from IIT site or from Government of India? Do you have any idea about it? See there are already some mechanisms in place even in the current system. So for example, within IITB itself, the kind of courses we can float, especially at the UG level, certain courses are compulsory, then there are electives and at the PG level, there are a lot of electives. So what course you want to float, it's totally, the faculty is entirely free. So that way we are less constrained by syllabus or anything. So we are, whatever we want to teach the latest trends, whatever it is, we can potentially teach our own students. So that way the system is flexible. To make a good human being kind of a thing, we also have a lot of HSS, the Humanities courses and one, at least at the PG level, one Institute elective, which, so one Humanities course, this communication kind of a course is compulsory, but they also have one Institute elective, which the people do take from Humanities Department and they, at the UG level also, I think there are quite a few courses that are compulsory for them. So they deal with some of these ethics and other aspects of humanities. So they do do such courses, the introduction of such courses has taken place. But the end of the day, some of the issues which, I mean, this is again my reading into the overall problem is the generation has, there is definitely, I don't know, maybe each generation feels that way about the future generations. We always complain, things were so nice in the past, things are deteriorating. I think it's a general complaint. Things also improve. So for example, looking at the technology, the fact that we are able to communicate so much with the internet, with the cellular technology and everything, like I did a survey yesterday, I was able to show it to you today. So there are a lot of good things about it, but this kind of same technology also, the attention span, everything, this is the entitled generation as I call everything is handed to them in a platter and thereby the appreciation of things has also gone down because there is so much stuff they are exposed to, which is, I don't know, it's a mixed, it's a double its word. So they know what happens in MIT. So when they evaluate us, they are comparing us with the faculty there and kind of making a comparison. So similarly, at your level, they'll compare with you with maybe some of the higher ups. So that way, you have an incentive to raise up, but at the same time because of this exposure to technology, their interest levels of what they want to do, it's like kind of also degrading in terms of their interest levels in the subject per se, unless there is some job hanging or whatever, that's when they pay attention. Learning for learning's sake has significantly come down, but that is again what maybe everyone feels about the next generation. So we try to tackle it on a case-by-case basis, like we try, for example, if I'm teaching, I try to include real-life examples, do something within my means. At the institute level, also periodically, we do have discussions on what is it that we can do to make them learn better. So we have this forum that focuses exclusively on teacher training to ensure that the pedagogical practices, this active learning, whatever principles are there. So they conduct a lot of workshops for students, for teachers to ensure that effective learning is happening. So some such things are done. It's there in our mind, we keep discussing periodically whether, and we do implement certain things, certain things work, certain things don't work, it's a continuous experimentation that happens. Ma'am, do you maintain the same pace as you are maintaining for here and in your video lecture, in your classroom, when you are teaching to the IIT students? Pace is, so this one, so if you see my video lectures, whatever pace I have maintained, in fact the same video lectures I've used for my own class. So the videos as far as concern, whatever way I talk within them is how I do even my face-to-face interaction with the students. And do you allow interrupts in your class because here you are not allowing, you are saying that, okay, beyond this couple, let's say, put in the last part of the discussion. So do you allow within your one hour, one hour 15 minutes class, you allow interrupts to the students, encouraging the students to ask the questions in your interrupts? That's because how many ask questions in a class? It depends again on the subject, I'm sure. So I just wanted to know how it is across other courses. In my class also, as I said, there's a good, so when I'm teaching naturally, I expect them to interrupt and ask because unless the concept is clear, we cannot proceed further. So it depends upon the subject and what is it that I'm talking about. So if it is, in the interest of time, sometimes even there, I'll have to cut it short because it is deviating, I'll say, come meet me after class hours and we can talk further. So similar mechanisms are in place. But I do permit to a good extent, depends upon the type of question. If it's an understanding question which without their understanding they cannot follow further, I answer it right away. But if it's an orthogonal question, if it's a small thing I answer, if it is kind of a lengthy discussion, I'll take it out of the class. Okay. Thank you. Hello, madam. My question is related to Mumbai University and the private resource centers like our college, Tehran Engineering College. And as a part of PhD, we have mandatory coursework. Consider one of the students is registered to our PhD center and he would like to pursue his PhD in networking and something like that. So will you entertain any outsider to attend your MTech course? And if so, what is the procedure to register for your course? So if there is an IITB degree involved, there is nothing an individual faculty can do about it. If he has to have an MTech degree from IIT, then he has to go through the admission process as dictated by the... I'm asking if any student registered for PhD in my college and as a part of coursework, he has to do the course from IIT, especially consider your course of advanced computer networking, something like that. Will you entertain any outsider as a student for MTech course? And if so, what is the procedure? There is no such procedure in place. So even auditing is like, first of all, there are other...  So that is again totally faculty dependent. I as a faculty, I don't have an issue. If it's for learning sake, if he wants to learn something, he is by all means very welcome to my class. Provided the seating capacity permits, one to student is fine. But as I said, 15 students from outside are coming and want to do and the class has only a capacity of 100 seats and already they're occupying 95, then I would have to say no. But other than that, I don't have any issue. Is it any possible to make an interaction with your IITB student, with our college student? In what?  General interaction, what they are following, how? What secret they are following? I, again, it's a student-centric question. Do you have any thoughts on it? Do you interact with others? So there are these festivals, Tech Fest, blah, blah, where a lot of people come here. They make friends, they go back. But I think all boys probably make friends only with the girls and vice-versa or some such thing. Like, I personally do have a lot of friends across colleges and there are quite a few people I know who interact with me and some of my friends because they know about us and how we have been doing at IIT Bombay. So yes. Just sharing the ideas, that's all. Students have their own means, right? They use Facebook or GTalk or Cora and that way, many people do interact with us quite a bit. But this is through contacts. You know, because they are your friends or friends, they are not our friends. Yeah, they are at times strangers who just come into contact and say, hey, I heard about you. So something like we do with, say, US university grads and company people and so it's the same way. You can allow for any projects for doing. So let me tell, there are certain mechanisms. So this is all kind of an informal thing, what he has mentioned. In a formal method, there are the IRCC, which is our industrial research center here within IIT Bombay, runs a student internship program. So where students from other engineering colleges can do their summer internship here, they are paid, they take care of their accommodation, they pair up the student with the faculty. It's a pretty good program. Definitely you should all check it out for your students. But I think they have a filtering mechanism where the student has to be really good for them to make the cutoff of having to come here. But there are such mechanisms where they do come here, work in the summer with the faculty, make friends with other students within here and go back with experience. Otherwise it is up to individual faculty. Individual faculty are probably like me where we do not entertain students from other engineering colleges just for the reason that if it is for a learning perspective, then we are as it is busy with a lot of the coursework. So most of our interaction with outside is, we like to take them for research projects. But often our research projects are such that by the time they pick up, the three months is up. And long distance research is not something which is easy to conduct because it depends upon the type of research. Maybe if it's a theoretical research, maybe it is easier, but we do a lot of implementation based research. It's not easy to sustain it. So that's one of the reasons why we don't take unless the student commits to a much longer duration, like six months or a year, then we will consider. But many don't commit for that long duration. So we don't consider. Ma'am, we look forward to IIT as a resource center for different areas. When we try to access some of the materials, like what you have been teaching to the students here, because we also believe in knowledge sharing. But those materials are protected. They are not available to the students of the remote colleges or interior colleges. So what you have to say about that? That is how we know. The thing is absolute. The learning is relative. But if you cannot see what IIT students are doing, what IIT faculties are doing, so even we being in absolute, we cannot know where we stand and where our students are standing. So for that, would you like to say something? See, again, at the institute level, this CD, PEN, PITL, all those are efforts where some of the resources of the IITB faculty are to be shared with other engineering colleges. Not all faculty contribute to it because some are more focused on research than teaching. By all means, we do need people like that also who are whatever spending a considerable amount of their time. Teaching doesn't interest them that much. So there are, but there are a good number of faculty who are also interested in sharing it. And they prepare these videos, slides, everything and share it with other people. Now, other than that, see, for example, whatever my slides are there, some of the faculty put up on their websites for people to download whatever slides and all. Question banks are a little bit more guarded just because at least here we ask like kind of design type of a questions and the questions are not easy to create. It's not like a descriptive type, like explain those are not the kind of questions we ask. We ask very challenging type of questions. So these type of questions are not that easy to generate, typically for me to generate one question, I spend at least two, three days on it to generate one midterm or one final question. So naturally, there is a fear that I mean, I myself have only a few questions, such questions, and often I put some twists to it and kind of ask. So if these kind of become like a public domain kind of a thing, then I cannot reuse it in my exams. That kind of uncertainty is there since question generation is a very long tedious. So for example, a lot of the questions I have put as part of the videos, these are in the public. I mean, I've let it open, I'm okay with them being public, but generating questions is a tedious task. And unless generating for your own exams itself, we struggle. Now if you have to generate one question back, that everyone can access it and all, it's a effort some faculty has to put and it's not an easy task. So many people probably are not ready to do it. So question banks are a bit more guarded. Rest of the things like slides and reference material, most faculty, if you approach them, they have it handy, they'll be ready to share with you. I was looking at the profile of different faculties and I found it that most of the materials, I mean, on their website, they are guarded, they're secured. That's why I put forward this question because, see, what you're asking to your students as an assignment or as a practical, if that could be shared with the students of other institution, I mean, that's fine, the level of difficulty might be different, but at least they can put some effort to understand the concept. So that way, the overall knowledge of the students, all across India will grow and. So it is, so the final answer is it is faculty specific. So some faculty, I don't know if you have some faculty do put up a lot of the slides they use, their assignments they use all in the public domain for anyone can go there, download and do it. Some faculty don't do it. Maybe they're, maybe it's not a thought that occurs to them. They're running the course, they have their own moodle management system, which doesn't expose it to the outside world. And there is no mechanism in place within IITB that says you put it out in the, like I mean, there is no pressure from the administration that see whatever you create, you have to put it in the public domain. There is no such mechanism in place, but that's something maybe I will bring it up at the right forum to see if maybe that's something we can do. What was your PhD research area? So my PhD research area was in wireless networks where I was looking at, so at that time, the wireless was relatively new. So I was looking to see if multiple wireless technology is the bandwidth that they provide, the bandwidths were very less. You're only getting 50 Kbps from this wireless technology, another 100 Kbps from another wireless technology. Whether seamlessly you could aggregate the bandwidth across different technologies. Let's say one gives 50, another gives 100. Then can you get 150 in a seamless fashion without the end user application getting to know that he's actually using two networks instead of one network? So I developed some algorithms, protocol design, all that in that space. Madam, how are IITs bracing for competition with other institutes at Asia? Other institutes in Asia. So periodically we see these reports that say IITs ranked some 150 in the entire global scenario. So someone circulates it, people will say, aha, I think more on. So there is instead of like a concrete comparison, there is a general perception within us itself that our research teaching, there are not that many complaints. I mean there are always something going in that direction also like the active learning principles and all. But as far as research is concerned, we do feel that there is lot more we should be doing. There are multiple factors at play. We are often constrained with PhD students. Like we don't have as many PhD students as we would like to have. Even at the master's level, they're just there for a year. You can't really do much research when they come by the time they learn. They do a little bit incremental thing they leave. Our undergrad students also, there are definitely some faculty who leverage on them, they do, but I think their interest levels, they're not that many who are quite interested in, I mean in a class of maybe 100, maybe 10, 15 are of a research mind. Rest of it are all probably finance or whatever is like job kind of there. So we can't really tap into them even though they're quite capable. So this leaves us shorthanded and it's like a chicken and egg problem unless you have that number, you cannot produce good research and unless you have good research, we cannot attract. Like a lot of our undergrad students itself, they're pretty smart. If they contribute, we can really push it up, but they all go abroad. And there is a good reason for why, because they want to do in the best places. And it's a chicken and egg problem, as I said. Unless they come do here, we can't push up our research quality. Unless we push up our research quality, they won't join us. So there's a lot of focus on trying to see this, whether there are a lot of gems out there within India who maybe for whatever reason they couldn't get into our system. So there's some effort in trying to catch those gems who for whatever reason are constrained to work within India because of parental problems or whatever it is and try to leverage them. But it's a difficult problem. That's something which we ourselves feel, the system is pretty flexible that it's just that this is a problem that's happening. And some faculty who do outstanding research is just like, I mean, at least in CSC department, I know whoever does very good research to this age, even though there may be 40 and plus they sit and code and they write the paper, they do, they are more or less continuing in their PhD mode. Only then you can do some kind of very good research, otherwise it's kind of difficult. Please don't take it otherwise. I have a question that is generic. My question is how much IIT spend on each student and the second question part of this is actually how many, how much of how many students they actually serve to India as per your statistics. Because this is again a big concern because IIT is spending huge amount on the students. So actually I don't know the number. I know it is in lakhs, I mean few lakhs. So definitely I think the amount of money the government spends may be of the order of definitely double that amount. So they pay, so they're having a subsidy of 50%. And yeah, they're most actually earlier, maybe 10 years back, there was lot of this brain drain kind of a thing that is no more true anymore. I mean the number of people who are going abroad, well, I wouldn't say abroad for studies has reduced, but these days they're going abroad for the job directly. So there is that kind of brain drain. But even otherwise, even if many people work, they're working for multinationals within India, that kind of a thing. So I don't know where the, I mean there is, so for example, Nokia, all these Samsung, they're all multinationals which have a base in India. They do provide local employment, local opportunities and stuff like that. But the final thing is the profits are going outside the country. So I mean it's a sad state. So things are, we are all trying to change the thing. They're living apart the PhD part. That's why I'm asking, I mean, do we have any statistics that how many of the graduates, UG's in fact, they actually stay in India and how many of them they move abroad, because see, government spends huge amount on them. I mean that funding is enormous. Within your batch? Yeah, say within my batch, I know that say 40 people are going to give up in Samsung, Korea. I will say 6 of them are going for 30, so they are 7 or 8 that are going there. I plan to return in 2 or 3 years and work in India, get settled here because Life in Korea. Okay. So that is the case with many people. Then there are also people who have jobs in, I mean foreign companies, but they left within a year or so, some of our seniors. And then they are working in startups in Mumbai and Bangalore, Hagarabad, like that. So people who spend initially and then all in quite a bit in the first couple of years then come back, get into startups and maybe study and So actually this is a changing turn. One statistic I could give is like my husband's batch. He is IITM Computer Science. I think at that time there were only 30 or 40, see I think it's only 30 seats at that time. Computer Science had only 30 seats. In his batch, I think 27 or 28 of them are in Bay Area, I mean in the US. It's like one very concentrated, you just go there, there's like huge. So at that time, I think more or less everyone used to go out of the country. But I think the same is not true anymore because things, that's what I was saying. People are improving even though it's at a slow pace. There are a lot of job opportunities within India, but again it's multinational mostly. I mean these people go, it's a natural tendency also. You like to take up jobs that pay you well. So there are a lot of these multinational that operate within India. So if you look at that to the current batch of 100, I would say the amount of people who are going abroad, maybe 30 people, 20, 30 people at a good number like 40, 50 are, I think the rest of it I think probably are within India. Maybe 30, 40 go abroad, the rest are staying. The earlier the statistics were not like that. It was more or less like 90% were going out of the, especially within the CSE, IIT about 10 years back. It was a 90% has come down to, I would think 30% or something like that. Good afternoon, ma'am. Ma'am, what is the total number of patents credited to CSE fragility of IIT Bombay? And second question is how to create patent, what is the methodology? So within CSE, again I don't have a number. There are definitely few patents that come out of it year to year. I don't have a specific number. It's definitely not hundreds. It's just a few per couple of years. That kind of thing happens. That way, IITB management is very conducive to patenting. In other words, they are very active. After we guide our master students, earlier they were saying faculty to just approach them if we want something patented. Then many faculty don't approach them. They actually started going through the MTech thesis to figure out if it is patentable and they approach you saying, we've read your thesis. It looks potentially patentable. Do you want to patent? We will provide all the support. So from the IITB management at least, I think they're very encouraging of patenting. Often what happens is from our perspective and myself included, we don't give it that much importance. There are a few faculty who give it importance. But as such, to us it's like it's not in the league of, let's say, a top level publication. It does carry weight within our institute. It's not that it doesn't carry weight. It's just that because there is also this, like I'm of this open source kind of community type of thing. So whatever I do, I don't want to have a hold. Let it be used if it's something, if it benefits people. So I haven't really looked much into it maybe because of my background, but there are others who are just plain, maybe it is patentable, but they don't want to go through the hassles of, because once they publish, that gives them as much satisfaction as if it were patented. So they don't pay that much attention to it. I wish to know about the revenue generation at the IIT, particularly in the CSC department. And do your students are involved in revenue generation? Revenue generation. Students, I think, are involved in revenue generation, but for themselves. Is that true? I keep hearing about some undergrad student who has a startup on the side. It is his own activity, his own stuff. He's not that IIT faculty are involved.  So we get to know because they're kind of, I mean, he's a pretty good student. You expect that he's supposed to produce something for the BTP or R&D and he's not doing too well.  So he just goes on with. So this is how we get to know, but they do, I think, I know some of them do startups. I also know that some of them probably, I don't know how true it is now, but earlier they were also doing this, this coaching classes they do, it's not there anymore? Not in CSC. At least at some point back, they used to go coach in some of these as a side money they earn for themselves. So in terms of revenue generation, as I said, there is some of their own personal angle. The number of people who were with faculty, the student has done a startup. Those cases are also there. In the CSC department, Professor Kavi's group has done some stuff. They do this robotic kind of, I think they did a startup based on some CSC students. I know mechanical engineering, I know personal friend of mine as well as, there are a couple of people who do startups based on stuff they have done at IIT Bombay. So this is also encouraged. So we have something called an incubation center that helps that hand holds us through the process of doing a startup. So that's also something IITB encourages. Yeah, ICCPC sale in our institute, which look after the collaborative projects and consultancy. So would you help us in that way so that we can improve or what are the major areas we can look for? So it depends upon what you are expecting. We have different expertise faculties in our department, say for the image processing for data mining. So can we use this faculty so that we can earn some money for the institute? Earn some money for the institute. Do you earn money for the institute? That's what we say consultancy. So what is the role of IITB faculty? Can you help us that how we can proceed in this way, that further? Okay, so I mean at this level, I think your best bet is to talk with IRCCC because they have the rules governing consultancy, that kind of a thing. So finally, the way you can make money is through consultancy where someone else should consult you for a specific particular job. So you should have good contacts with industry for that to happen. So that is again a very personal thing. I mean, industry, so only through personal contacts or unless your reputation is stellar where industry is coming to you, otherwise it goes through a personal contact kind of a thing. The procedures in place, I think the IRCCC of whatever will be able to guide you. So you should contact them to know what has to happen. Hello, madam. There are so many positive features of IIT Bombay like the CREME students, word class infrastructure, a studious environment. And the environment is also very positive. It's like a gurukul culture. Gurukul culture. In ancient times, we are having gurukul culture. Now, I know that you're not facing the problems which we are facing in private colleges. Maybe your problems are different. Okay, so just I want to know what kind of problems it is and what is the strategy to handle those problems. So I already mentioned some of the problems we face. As I said, one, this is not a problem but something which I personally appreciate about the IITB system and one of the reasons why I'm even here is it's a very flexible system. It's an open-minded system. We have a lot of liberty to do many of the things that we want to do and that I think is an environment. That's one of the reasons why probably many of us don't work even for a company or an industry. That way, it's a very flexible system. So that is very conducive for individual kind of faculty who want to exert their individuality. That said, in doing our task which is basically teaching and research is more or less what we are here for. In each, there are issues. For example, teaching the main issue we face is student motivation levels. Even though we get the cream as someone put it, I think by the time they come in they are burnt out because they have undergone rigorous training. Many of them, in fact, there's something like when the JEE counseling happens, I happen to be in one of the JEE counseling where the students come and ask you which branch should I choose that kind of a JEE counseling. The question was never what is this branch about what is offered as part of the branch? The kind of questions you get is if I did this branch, what would be my starting salary when I graduate from here? Or if I want to do an MBA, which branch do you think will enable me to do a good MBA? These are the kind of questions you face. Their priorities are even before they enter are misplaced. And the parents are also...  So, it's a societal issue as such which is kind of killing. And these people, when they come to a technical institute where our mandate is to teach them technical content but they are not interested it's a mismatch. But that's it. We derive our pleasure from the 10, 20 people who are genuinely interested in learning and we kind of make ourselves happy with that. So, teaching, keeping the motivation levels, there is a lot of other distractions also. IIT Bombay as such, I was in IIT Kanpur also. I think when you contrast within here because it's Mumbai, the culture or the lifestyle is very different. In IIT, there is not much to do anyway. So, people focus mostly on their academic... blah blah here. If you see, there is almost an event happening every day, some event or the other and they... which is good.  And these are still to an extent these are not very mature. These are only... we are talking about 17 years old, 21 years old. They don't really know where to draw the line. So, they want... they get involved in dramatics, theater, school bar, whatever, someone going on some school bar diving expedition go with them.  So, as teachers, we find it very difficult to motivate them. That is one issue with respect to teaching, which is a big issue with respect to teaching. Research also I had mentioned where the kind of quality to produce at the level of Berkeley, MIT, Stanford, we need a good student support system. Only then, I mean, many of us are returned from like, I mean, we've done in pretty good PhDs in pretty good places, we have come back and we want to raise the bar but for that to happen, our input pool is not that much. So, we have to struggle to raise it up and research also we face those kind of issues. I think each level, there are certain expectations, to meet the expectations there will always be some issue or the other. Good afternoon, ma'am. Ma'am, my question is very simple. I just wanted to know most of the students, because I have studied in National Institute, most of the students what they do when they take admission, first they see the placement. So, whether they'll get good placement or not, especially the UG level students. So, how do we identify, like, how to train the undergraduate students to get them into the research areas or the research type of projects? Because if the undergraduate students are actually the best students who we get in our colleges. So, if we attract them towards research, then the same students will turn up in DRDO, all this TIFR, Mumbai, all these institutes. So, is there any methodology wherein we can attract the BTEC students, especially to do research based on projects or how to classify with the students. The student will do research and the student will do an implementation type of project. Thank you. Well, if you know the solution, you have to tell us. I mean, that's a problem we face ourselves. So, to some extent, so, when you interact with the students themselves, you do find you can kind of make out whether they are interested in the subject, they're interested in higher studies, that kind of feel you get. So, there are a bunch of students you want to tap into them, but then there are 40 faculty who want to tap into this 10 or so students. So, it becomes again a supply demand. So, you have to do something extra unless you are again, it becomes a chicken and egg problem. Unless you have a certain reputation you're doing exceedingly well, then maybe the students come to them. And then they, same team, seem to attract over the years, more and more students and their level keeps on increasing whereas and so, again it's a difficult problem.  So, that is something you have to do. Area also plays a very big important role. Like it changes with time. Sometimes cloud is a big deal. So, all flock to cloud. Sometimes machine learning is a big deal. So, all flock to machine learning. Sometimes networking is these things. So, you also as a faculty have to kind of know these trends and pickups. So, for example, right now if cloud is a big deal, even though I'm fundamental look hardcore networking I have to define problems that are networking coupled with cloud. If machine learning is the next big thing I have to define problems where machine learning techniques can be applied in networking. So, it's not an easy job. You have to figure out all these dynamics, try to do something just to attract you have to be always on your toes. You have to keep thinking what is it that I can and another thing which maybe many of you don't realize which I have realized late also the personal connection I think is also very important. I think this one is something which I mean lot of us are introverts it's not like we really go into someone's like make friends with them take them out for tea. It doesn't come naturally to me also I mean when people are talking with me I'm happy talking but left to me I'll probably sit in a corner and I'm not an extrovert kind of a thing but having that taking that effort to reach out to the student having a personal connect with them then you can mold them. So, that I think is I mean this is something which I have realized pretty late which I will like to emphasize is that personal connection can do wonders in motivating students in making them choose your area or whatever it is I think you should have that personal connect which I think will help. My question is for student like other than placement and brand name of IIT what attracts you for IIT Bombay? Parents decision. No, they are matured enough they are not interested to them. What attracted me was the fact that yes, all the bright people around me in my city in my school who are the best friends and they all work for IIT Bombay IIT Bombay has a reputation for its I was always attracted towards this research aspect and I always knew that people here do good work and people go to good US universities from there are opportunities here and even if that doesn't happen I will have a very good fall back option that I will get at least 100 or some so that is a very good failsafe. By the way I should just emphasize are you the department topper this year he is your TA is the best among the he is the department topper for UG UG so final year he is graduated and I think he is the highest CPI Other than the placement and the brand name what else attracts When you are a student in class 12 what else do you know what have you heard from your seniors about the faculty there what have you heard about the job there as I said I had heard that there is a pretty good research that goes on here the faculty are excellent some of them are even people who have their PhDs in business life Stanford Berkeley so yes you know that these are some of the best people you will find in India and then as I said even if you are like research minded from there I knew that I wanted to stay in academia so I knew that even if I couldn't get into it I would have a very good fall back option for placement you know all those factors which you know you have interacted with the faculty on the first hand basis so feedback you get from your seniors and what your parents tell you yes placement does play a role for those who are job oriented for those who have some family pleasure that you should earn after graduating yes for that definitely IT Bombay for the research minded again you have very good training this is a good place and then you have the best fall back option I'll add one more to it which I've heard I mean it's not from the horse's mouth what I've heard is a tidbit kind of a thing is lot of these coaching centers like KOTA and others they apparently guide their students that you should go to IATB because you don't have to study enjoy your life enjoy your life there because as I said compared to all the IITs we have a very active student life here and that also is like for many people clearing JEE is the end like they have nothing more to achieve in life it appears so by that time then they want to have fun and ITB among all the IITs is the place to have fun so that's something I've heard from I don't know whether it's true or not yeah we in fact attract the other IITs I think within the first 30-50 majority of the people within the first 100 I think join IIT in B itself yeah 70 plus out of the first 100 join IIT Bombay very good very bright students in terms of programming you can see C++ or Java extremely well but they are poor in English or poor in mathematics or some sort of things algorithms why this placement recruitment process says that the student should have aggregate after 70% from 10 standard 10 plus 2 and then all semesters the student coming from brutal area you would not be knowing that the placement requirement is 70% at the age of 10 standard when you are studying 10 standard okay can we work on this how can it from place to place so when people come to IIT Bombay I know there are many companies who do not even look at your CPI they have their own tests you pass their tests they'll give you a job so that may not be true of other places but that said I wanted to tell one other thing which is see English as a language even though it's been imposed on us or whatever reason you may be very patriotic about an Indian language all said and done in an instant this is some problem we face even with our M. Tech students they may be very good but often communication has to be writing reports being presentation these are also later even in a job you have to make presentations you have to meet with the clients you have to get to know what they are what they are doing these are also pretty important skill sets and company does not want to retrain it's not an easy thing this is important for them and some of these things are captured as far as percentage marks in these English and other things are concerned good number of companies have their own tests if you clear the test I think they lower the bar of your percentage but it is generally assumed that anyone who is above 70% is of a general intelligence level that's a cutoff anyone below doesn't mean it's just that it's an easy filtering mechanism for them they don't want to spend too much effort there this is just open feedback about you that you are having great patients that you are tackling many silly questions with the same patients and that is what we are learning from you irrespective of this computer network that we are learning but apart from that we are learning your great patients you are tackling many silly questions of our members thank you very much thank you you know patients probably I think you are all adults you realize patients with having children especially my daughter she teaches me a lot of patients individually again I would like to sincerely thank you for all the efforts you have put into this activity and I hope it will continue successfully in the near future I just like to pick up a point that you had mentioned sometime later you told that like it's difficult for you to get some PhD students as of now like I had experienced some problems and I want to relate with this for example why don't like is it possible that you could open for applications for PhD from maybe other universities like it might be autonomous it might be state affiliated universities in that way what I think is there might be some students in collaboration with teachers who might propose some projects to you maybe not only to IIT Bombay to all the IITs they can have a review if they find those projects are quite potential then you can have a collaborative work with that particular institution or university it have a mutual beneficial both for the IIT as well as for that particular institutes it becomes easy because funding is also a big problem that we often realize and if steps of this sort could be take up I think they are taken I thought the QIP program that IIT I mean professor Gadre is the best person to answer that question IITB has many mechanisms to facilitate teachers from other institutes to do PhD here I think they have to be here for a certain duration after that they can go back and there is mechanism to continue. I am not saying purely in PhD sense but for example sometimes it happens that as a university as I call it we propose some AICT projects which are good in individual sense we feel these are good but they do not get accepted or might maybe I don't know for many reasons but it might be so that if you open if you open a invitation for all these colleges that please submit you can submit us some projects we can go it forward. Who will do the filtering is the question.  I cannot if I receive 500 applicants how will I decide and it's just people may create excellent research proposal but that doesn't necessarily mean that you execute the research proposal how do you get a particular proposal that's what I think if a protocol could be set up that could be fine because what I am thinking is it should be something where good projects do not go waste as well as they live unexplored I mean there is I mean I'll take your feedback into consideration there are PhD attracting reforming committee we often do consider some of these things because we ourselves also suffer because of lack of PhD students so there is a committee that is in fact I am part of the committee when professor Gadre is part of it yeah we'll take your feedback in and