So can I have your attention, please? Thank you, everyone, for being here, for being so late. First of all, can I have a big round of applause for all of you for being here and for the organizers, please? Thank you, guys, for making it possible for us. And thanks to each and every one of you who has traveled far across the corners of the world to make it that corn for success. So today, I'm talking here about if you can measure it, you can't improve it. All of us know that open source communities, they are into boom now. My friend Prathmesh, he told us about the community management. But if in case the health of a community, it cannot be measured in terms of whether it is ill or it is healthy, whether we are achieving the projects. If yes, whether that is done in a healthy way, in the sense that the people who are working into the community, are they happy with it or they are being forced to do it, you know? They are different aspects of life if you are living it for just for the sake of living or you are happily living it. So that is how it is being measured, not only with the achievements of the projects, but also with the people who are involved in a community. So going to the next slide, who have seen this, Mr. Bean? Any of you know about him? So what do you think? Has Mr. Bean been able to measure any of the things in the different episodes correctly? Has he been able to do it well? Not really, right? He's famous for doing the things imperfectly. But what was the outcome of his life? He did his job very perfectly, right? That was to make everyone else happy. And that he did with the content of his heart, right? So now, going back to the evolution of open source, here. So I have a quick question, how many of you are a part of open source? Okay. For more than one year? How many for more than one year? Five plus years? Wow, 10 plus years? Oh wow, handful of people. Okay, so if you asked me five years ago, when I was in graduation, I was doing my engineering, Linux was the operating system which was introduced to us by my professors and our labs were completely shut off. We didn't have even a single computer which demonstrated about Linux. They were all windows. So if you asked me in the earlier era, down the line six years or seven years, if you ask a graduation child or somewhere else, there was a very strong skepticism saying that no other open source than Radhaar could even have a slow fake in the open source era, right? We had very dominating industries like Microsoft for the operating system for which the people had to pay rent in terms of getting the licensed copy from them. And then developers were engaged into the different projects which they were forced to do it in order to take the company to the next level. That was the time when we were talking to the generation one. The next generation was when Linux was adopted as the operating system strongly by the audiences and my SQL took over the database of the industry being dominated by Oracle. That was the generation. What was the difference between the generation one and generation two then? In generation two, the software development was being done confined in a community in a very broad spectrum in the sense that it was not being into the hair wire lying here and there but it was getting very much organized with the licensing coming in force, right? And who can guess what is generation three now? Do you know about SAS? Software as a Service, Hybrid Cloud? Here we are in generation three then. Here we are providing the software as a service where the Hybrid Cloud OpenShift OpenStack has come at the next level when we are providing the customers the Private Cloud and the Public Cloud access, right? What do you think has been the key contribution for evolution of the open source? The very lively example is the acquisition of Red Hat by IBM for 34 billion USD, right? Which is almost four times the time when we began with, right? Right now, Cloud era and Hortonworks, they are the booming next markets for the generation three markets. There was also a time when cockroach was nowhere being mentioned, even nobody heard of it except an insect which we can, you know, thought of but it is one of the booming industry right now for the open source. Now coming here, if I make a comparison between the business attributes, then you can see the market size for the closed source. It was very much large in generation one. For example, Microsoft dominated it like anything. Only a handful of people who were very much passionate about open source, they were even experimenting with Linux. They were not even in favor of going ahead and adopting it in the full-fledged because they did not believe as if this is going to be existing any more in coming future. Though it was a robust one, but they wanted it in such a fashion in which the Microsoft were driving it. But here in 2019, where the third generation came in, the innovation velocity was very high for third generation, whereas for the closed source industries, it is very low right now. What do you think about the innovation velocity to be very fast? Because the brilliant minds like you who are ready to contribute to open source, they are really working on right now. There is a scope of innovation in the sense that if I have an idea and if it is proving to be good, no matter from what the level it is coming because there is no top to down approach. How many of you have worked in industries apart from open source? Okay. So how do you find this culture to be different from the ones? Do you find any difference? Okay. Okay. Do something you keep in mind that a lot of people will see what you are doing. Yeah. That's quick and dirty solution. Okay. Means you feel recognized about it, right? The things which you are doing that you feel that you have been recognized and rewarded for it, right? And there is a sense of contentment for the same for what you do, right? So I'll just share an experience while I was working with the previous industry, though I won't name it here. But when I worked for the particular industry for complete three years, but I got to meet my manager on the day of leaving when I was about to join Radhat. But in Radhat, I'm having my weekly syncups. This is not only about the managerial side, but how does it impact? So just imagine an employee who met his or her manager on the day of leaving and that was just a very formal way of saying good boy. And he said, I wish I could have some more time with you. And what was the time then? I already had three years with you, right? That is how it makes a difference because in Radhat, I'm not talking only about the Radhat, but there are many other open source communities which allows you some space that is where you feel respected, right? And when you feel respected, that is whether about your idea or moral values or your work ethics, then is the time when an innovation comes into the place. And there where I see that innovation velocity is extremely high for us in third generation. If innovation would not have been in place and definitely there would not be a time when we would have been much competent with Amazon for the hybrid cloud infrastructure then, right? Because we are competent enough because we want to succeed to the next level and we are having different ideas for the same. That is how the innovation velocity is coming up. There is customer acquisition cost which is going low and it was very high in the closed structure. Now I would like to emphasize on the second last value that is the cloud first. Definitely we are on the highest side now in third generation, which was again low in first generation. First generation when Linux was being adapted by the people, there was not the time when the cloud came into the picture but now in the generation 30 days there. So what do you think is the role of the community as we had another session as well? So how many of you remember your college days or school days? How many of you have been, you know, the most favorite student in the class but the same teacher might have, you know, scolded you many of the times? Yeah? It happens. So I just share one experience that is I was in a central government school in India and there I was studying. Once I was in fifth standard where, you know, I got the first prize but I was standing in the assembly and in the assembly we have rule that you cannot talk to someone else while you are going for prayers, okay? But I was speaking to my friend and that was the moment when my class teacher, she was my most favorite teacher.  Just understand the kind of impact when you are being rewarded with the most, you know, talented student in the school and then you are being slapped on your face and it's a very harsh reality for you. I could not sleep the whole night, you know. I could not digest it, how could she slap me? Even when she was my most favorite teacher, she introduced me right in front of each and everybody. But that is how the same person plays a different role into your life. From since then, I never ever spoke in prayer assembly, never. Even once I was asked to talk to somebody else, we were in the middle of a discussion. Firstly I asked my teacher who was standing on the stage, can I talk now once she signaled? Then I started speaking. The same thing happened with my mother. I was raised by my mother without my father for nine years because he was an Indian Air Force. He was transferred to different places. My mother strictly told me that whenever, I do not care where are you going, even if in case you're going to washroom, just let me know that you are going to washroom. You won't imagine if in case I am at home right now, I am 27 years old, I tell her that I'm going to washroom. Just imagine the kind of impact which I am having right now. So what does it mean to the community is that my family was an unsaid community for me, right?  Many of the times we hit each other very harshly in the sense that we try to show each other some of the realities for which we are never prepared for. But other times we support each other so strongly that today if my father says something to me, it is my mother who always supports me the most. In my family, inter-caste marriages were never allowed. Just imagine today I am married to an inter-caste guy. So that is the kind of the thing because my parents, they changed over the period of time. The same parents who were very much strict for certain things, they become over the period of time very much lenient for you. The same happens for the community. For the community, some of the times, it is very imperative for the project manager to lead the project in the right direction. What does it mean that many of the times when the QA team is working on testing performance and something else, they find out many of the bugs or the request for feature enhancements for which the developer feels very irritated, right? Hey, we are doing again and again the same kind of recording. Now the more bugs are being tested and then they start feeling bad about it. But it is how the community supports each other. As my friend mentioned earlier in communities, that they are always wanting more and more tasks for themselves. The role of a committee is not only to find out the problems, what are there in the products in a feature, but also in a project, but also to support each other. For example, I'll tell you, I joined Radha at four years back. When I used to see people wearing, you know, jackets of different conferences of different countries, I used to look at them. How did he appear over there, you know? I used to feel amazed looking at them that how could he or she, when I never travel beyond India ever. But that is the community members who told me these are the various channels by using which you can do this, this, this. How can you apply? I joined Radha in technical support and there is no scope of going out if in case you're not participating in the conferences, right? That is the time when I felt as if, you know, I have a lot of people to back me up. When I moved into project management, there is a virtual mentor of mine and she really helps me out not only with how the strategy is for letting the projects moving ahead, but whether the various tools. So the role of a committee is not to win the race, ever. No, it is always to keep all the people together and how you make it a goal oriented, it is dependent on oneself. It is your attitude with matters because it is never about winning a particular race, it is about completing the task together. That is the difference between an open source and a closed source industry, right? Do I make sense still so far? Yeah? If in case anyone is feeling sleepy, please let me know. I have a quick game to play then. Okay? All right. So how to be a good corporate citizen when participating in an open source? The very first task which you have to do is find out the right set of community for yourself and just be in a rush to join that community. First task is to join the community. How will you do it as it completely depends on what kind of a contribution do you want to make? If you ask me, that is the best committee for me because I have all the kind of areas into which I can focus. If you want me to, if you ask me when I join the technical support, after a year I found it out that this is not my cup of tea and now I want to discover something else for myself. And that is how I took a time period of one year when I could really figure out what is the best for me because some of the times I found it out okay, I can be a developer because they have a nice, decent life, they do not have shifts. On the other side, I found it out that QA is a good, because I do not love coding, so I can do the testing part. Next I moved to program management. I interacted with people from different GEOs and that is when I landed with the project management because that is what I am good at. This is how you have to figure out which kind of a committee do you want to. Many of the aspects of looking at the community is the opportunities. What are the opportunities for you? What is your passion? How can you implement your knowledge or the skills or the past experiences into that community? And please join it as soon as possible. Do not waste your time, right? The second thing is understand the governments. Once you join the community, you have to understand what are the legal ethics for that, what is the framework of that particular community and then always start small. So it is how many of you would prefer to do a blunder than to do a small mistake? Blunder? Okay, you are highly risky then. Anyone else who wants to do a big mistake rather than a small one? I guess all of us wants to be on the safer side, right? So this is how if in case you are a new person to a committee, I am not saying that you should not be, you know, a facing person, you should be, but always start from a small because when you will be starting small, you will get to understand a lot of aspects of that particular community, the working fashion of it, the legal ethics, what is the culture of that community? One community always differs from the other. So it is always good to make a small mistake rather than going on a very critical project and then doing the smallest mistake but to have a larger impact. So always try to start small in a community. Once you do that, you will be having many hands to help you out. And that is how you go ahead and keep on evolving yourself to fit into the box of the community development because at the end, it is not your goal only to join the community and to avail all the benefits but also it is your job to give something to the community, right? Vultures of open source business model. So before I just go ahead into it and to the technology expect and the business side of it, I'll just share one of the story with all of you. I have been an engineering student. I was a very average kind of a student, okay? I was much more into playing, debate, extempore, everything else. I have an elder sister, we are only two sisters. My sister is highly intellectual. Right now she's getting settled in Toronto and she graduated from a government college which is a big short thing in India and then she did her MBA from IIM, that is Indian Institute of Management that is one of the most recognized institute in India, right? You can't beat that that she scored 99%ile in all India management aptitude test and I can never ever, you know, I could not believe as if she is my sister. I always used to look at her and I always found her, you know, studying like this, lying in the bed and like this. And I always used to say to my mom, hey, she is pretending to study. She's not studying. But trust me, she used to study. So when she was in stress standard, my father asked her to take biology, okay? So we have different combinations in India. You can study biology with mathematics or you can study commerce likewise. But she never wanted to study biology. Still she took it because my father very amicably asked her to study biology. And then she took biology. Again, she used to study like this and I used to feel as if she's not studying. I used to sleep thinking that she's just pretending and I scored only 83% in 10th where she scored 94% in 10th and then later on in biology, she scored 99% in biology. She got all India ranked 17th but still she wasn't happy, you know? Why? Because an openness was not given as a gift to her. But since she was a very obedient child of my parents, she never said even no to what my father asked for. So here in this situation, none of them could ever complain, you know? Neither my sister could say that you have forced anything on me. Not my father could say, hey, you never raised your voice because none of the party ever knew who is right, who wanted what. Whereas my father asked me, hey, Renu, can you go ahead and take biology? No, I'm not going to take it. It is not my cup of tea. And I took English, that's the normal language which I have with computer science because I always wanted to do engineering going further. So why I told you all of this is there is a difference between the virtual cycle of the closed source and open source. With the open source, there is an increase in the adaptability. Why? Because you are given with an option, okay? You are always being told that what is good, what is into the era right now? What is the business need? What is the technology right now? What is the upcoming technology? How do you foresee for your career? How can you contribute? What is the quality of the engineers which we see right now? Or what will be your future looking like? These are all the open ideas or openness which you guys have. And then when you work with an openness, there is a super innovation which comes to the picture. And that is how the technology keeps on revolving, right? Here for the victory cycle, virtual cycle for open source we have, if you look on the technology innovation side, we have speed innovation, drive adoption, improve reliability. As we all know that with the increased participation in open source due to X number of factors which we align to our own interest, there is an innovation which is speeding up. For example, Radhaat itself, I do not imagine even my colleague Pratmesh, he's a very much, he's an extraordinary example for all of us for the Mozilla contributions in India. But I do not want to or maybe I never wish to look forward beyond Radhaat because it itself is an ocean for me right now because of his innovation and the way the people are adopting to it. Maybe four or five years back, my father is a technical engineer in India, first trust me, he never knew what is Linux. And maybe last year he gave me, he gave his colleague my number who is a senior than him, saying that, hey, my daughter is in Radhaat if you have any problem, just call her up. Because he assumed that whatever the problem would be there with the open source or the Linux operating system, I would be able to resolve it. When I spoke to that person who was a very senior member of Defense Ministry, I told him, hey, you need subscription. And you know what was the next question he asked? Then why it is being called as free? So people have different assumptions about the business models which we have for the open source. But again, when it comes to the business innovation, here when I made him understand that we paid for the support, right? The kind of the support which we give to the customers out there in the world to rely on us. Whenever I talk to my mother-in-law now when I explain her, hey, I'm working in Radhaat, she's a physics professor, she asked me, okay, I have heard that this is for free but then I'm not able to understand how Radhaat is managing to give you the salary then. And that is the moment when I made her understand this is how Radhaat manages to give her salary in that shell, you know? And she was shocked to know that when we are giving the license, license is in the sense that operating system for free, that is how we are making the money. But now people have started understanding open source. So diversity and inclusion and this is one of my most favorite topic and I'm trying to join the different groups in Radhaat, I have been a part of women. We are having the women leadership in Radhaat. I guess many of you are aware, if not, then please go back and search for women leadership community which we have in Radhaat. Definitely you will be hearing much more from Katrina, maybe tomorrow for the diversity and inclusion. So here the part is the very first thing provide organizational support to establish identity groups. So can anyone of you tell me that an instance working anywhere no matter within Radhaat out of Radhaat in any of the industry where there was a discussion about any of the problem or any of the idea where you left as if you are being left behind. Nobody cared for you. Has it ever happened with anyone of you? Or almost with everyone of us, right? So when I joined Radhaat four years back I still remember I was the only technical lady to join in a team of 70 guys and I felt so much awkward to join that particular team. Not because everyone else was not friendly, they were but they were highly technical geek firstly. They never thought of looking out of their screens. Even on breaks they must be talking about the technical issues in various languages. And when we used to go out for the party, the team parties, I used to find myself with the only one on the floor and then I used to feel like, hey, where am I? And then I asked my manager, hey, can you please hire some more ladies into the team? Then he asked me, why don't you feel comfortable? I said, I do feel comfortable but you know, sometimes you feel just awkward about not about they are most of the other people are men but maybe because you do not have any other company. Even while going around, I found that all of my colleagues with whom I worked in the team, they were much more willing to help me out the kind of experience which I had from the different industry. But this is not only about what kind of agenda you are, it is also about the difference of interest, right? Many of the times I have found it out that if I'm talking about, let's see, if in case I'm talking about going to a party, there must be a handful of people who must be in favor of mine, oh hey, let's go to a beer bar. But other side, or other side of people must be, you know, interested in fine dining then. There is a difference in opinions too. So how can we cultivate the inclusion? So how many of you are leaders in Radhat, leaders or as managers? Anyone of you? Okay. So there are many exercises which we do in Radhat which makes about, you know, including people in our conversation. So whenever I was a part of any of the discussions, being a technical engineer, I always found respected. Even if in case in a group of 20 people or 30 people, I found out that there is one person who is not talking at all. We try to make him feel inclusive about it, right? We try to make them comfortable. And that is why an open source committee is different from others. You have to make feel each other very much inclusive, as if you are, you know, getting into the idea. Then is build inclusivity into the events. For example, for example, let's say DevCon, right? It is not on the basis being categorized on the basis of gender or race or any other aspect which you can see. But it is about including the students as well as the experienced people, no matter how much experience you have or from what the background are you coming, there you can find all the people apart from the technical jargon as well, right? This is how many of the times you feel that, hey, when you enter into a room, there is a pool of people who is talking with among each other. And that is completely technical once. And then you find yourself to be an urban out. But no, this is not who the open source committee members are. We have to include them. We have to make them understand in their own language, you know, how to make them, how to get the ideas. Many of the times it has happened that the person who is not even a part of my project, who even does not understand the business model, what am I talking about? He gives me $1 million idea, right? And this is how it works in a community. You never know who can help you out or whom you can help you out further. But it is about to make everyone feel inclusive in that particular community. Very interesting one, how to improve communication in an open source. How many of you faced issues with the language which is written in check in different corners which you could not understand? Please raise your hands. Yeah, because we do not understand the language, right? So in a survey which was being done very recently by top notch companies, for example, Amazon, Red Hat even, it was a part of it, Microsoft, Hot and Works, Cloud Era, there were 77 people who opted for written type of communication for interviews over the verbal ones. Isn't that a huge number for us around the globe? It is. Because when it comes to the verbal language of the verbal communication, they are not able to understand you as exact. You want to convey your emotions as they can understand in the written form, right? Many of the times, many people are very much particular about the exclamation, even the full stop, right? It really matters, semicolon or a colon. Once I was an IRC, I was working with another support engineer from other geo, and I said, are you ready with an exclamation? I don't know what, it was a surprise for me. He felt extremely arrogant about it. That how can you put exclamation? Are you directing me to do this? Well, I didn't mean it, but I wanted to, are you ready for this? My tone was like this, but on IRC, you cannot judge the tone, right? But on the other hand, when you are speaking over a call to a person who is non-speaking, then you realize, non-English speaking, sorry, then you realize that may be the written communication much more better because at least they can use the Google translator, right? So the very foremost impact which makes us language and we have to break down the language barrier. I'm not saying that we can change the whole signboards in Czech Republic, no, I didn't mean that. But whenever I can see a statement or a name or a brand written over there, maybe I can just put it into the Google translator and then I can see, okay, oh, it means to go here, right? What does it mean? So here we have to find out the contributions which we can make to break down the language barrier over here. Then is generate diverse network capabilities and also to experiment with accessible communication. All of us, we have Google, chat, nowadays, IRC, right? Using which we communicate with each other. Rest is emails, the very primary form of communication with each other. Then when we mean by, what do you mean by generate diverse network capabilities? There is already a bifurcation of the group of people. That is, this is the technical ones into the technical ones too, which one is related to which product? It is a product manager, it is a development, it is a QE, or it is a program manager. Then we should try to contribute based on the network accessibility in the sense that which particular network you want to connect with that shall make a contribution to it in the perfect ways, right? Do you see any risk to open source as of now? Just forget about the internal things which you know about it, but any of the risk which comes through your mind? Sorry? Okay, okay, yeah, yeah? Sometimes it's correct. That's correct. So the biggest, any of the risk which came through your mind when you were about to travel to Burno? Any of the risk which came through your mind when you were about to travel, yeah? It is not language. Language, okay. Anything else? Okay. Okay. And to me, the risk was a weather. I was not, you know, that much, I was not habitual to such extreme temperatures which we have outside. And I was having a risk that my health may go in a bad shape after coming to Burno. These are the kind of things which you can foresee for yourself when you are joining any of the community. And then is your next primary responsibility for all of us to see what are the risks which we are imposing to our community or which are already there for the communities? For example, as they mentioned, the project may get ended up soon. What are the, what else, what else we can do? You know, what are the proactive measures which we can do? This is just one, expect. The second one is the second one which I foresee is that security. Security is not in terms of the different SSL certificates which we can die lie down or the error codes which we can, you know, make descriptive as much as we want to. But it is also about the, whether we are respecting open source or we are abusing it. Whenever there is a message which has been communicated to you in an open source community, are we relaying that particular message as it was meant to be communicated to us? I have, I have heard that if we make an activity, if 10 people are standing in a row, if I speak something to the first person, the message gets changed when it arrives at the last person. But as a community, we have to keep the message intact. What was being said to the first person, it has to relate to the whole outer world in, you know. So it has to be the consistent one. This is our responsibility to make it healthier. Next is ways to overcome. So the very first thing is, which I find out of all this list is identify licensing risk. And also to make sure that you are having a full inventory of the open source of software. How many of you update your systems whenever you are being prompt to? Yeah, all of us? I guess all of us update the packages as well, right? This is how you keep the health of the open source software healthy. These are the ways to overcome the risk which a particular bug may have on the software itself, right? But when I talk about ways to overcome risk to the community is, you have to be accountable. You have to be accountable for what you say. You have to be accountable to relay the message in the right direction. You have to be accountable for making the project successful by doing a quality contribution to it. Again and again, the emphasis is not only the quantity of the contributions which you make, but also on the quality of the contributions which you make. And trust me, no one else other than you know how much of quality do you add to a particular project. Even when we travel to different conferences, all of us know that, what are we going to perform there? You know, on the day of performance, all of us know from the bottom of our hearts that have we done a justice to this event or not? So we have to convey the right message to the audiences, even those who are not a part of open source, okay? So why open source? For example, there is an organization who is working on open source. They must be having the developers who are working on open projects, right? There you get a handful of people who are very much dedicated to do the coding for that particular component. And then if you realize that you need a talent to work on the same coding part in your organization, then definitely you can have the same engine and hire for your organization. In nutshell, it attracts the talent in your organization. The next is maintenance cost. If you make a comparison between the Microsoft windows and Linux, definitely you'll get a clear cut picture about the figures which we have to lay down and maintaining the software between the two different closed source and our open source industry, right? Then it's influence the direction. How many of you feel that open source or Radhat is an amazing company to work with? How many of you, please? Yeah, all of us? How did you feel when Radhat was acquired by IBM? Or how many of you felt that IBM is more powerful now?  I'm not saying what is correct or what is not. How many of you felt that Radhat, IBM is much more powerful since it acquired Radhat? Did we? Okay, okay, okay. Okay. Okay. Because we have a very much influential power to take the particular organization into a particular direction to which we wanted to conquer the world. This is a power which open source is having but not the closed source, okay? So how to make bigger impacts in open source? The very first thing is, whenever you are at events like this, DEF CON, for Radhat, send me to any other event, build relationship with people, okay? Go ahead and interact with them. Even today itself, I was just having a conversation, hey, from where you are? You know, that lady told me that she's the committee leader for OpenStack. If in next time you submit a paper, you do not get a budget, just write down an email on this email address. What else can I ask for? If in case I'm having a budget constraint, if somebody else is ready to pay me the budget, that is all what I want, right? What an event or to speak at an event. So always build strong relationships at such events. Include the committee, you know? As soon as you can join the committee, it is very good for you, as well as for the community to make a bigger impact. If you are not a part of something, how can you make an impact in that? This is as simple as that. Often contribute to upstream. The contribution, I just want to cover this one. Often contribute to upstream. Contribution is not just about the coding. I happened to attend an event in the Singapore office and then I got to know, what else can you do just apart from coding? You can become a translator. Just trust me, one of my colleague, his name is Ankit Kumar Patel. He joined the team in Radhat. He used to translate the English Lennox operating system language into Gujarati, which is one of the regional languages of India. And trust me, he's a senior manager in Radhat today down the line, 10 plus years. That is a kind of a contribution or impact. Even just a language translation can have such a major impact when we are talking about breaking the language barrier. Nothing else can be better than this, okay? Help with designing. I have seen that in RevConf too, many of us, I have been a RevConf organizer in India. And there I could see that how much designing part is that how much efforts you put into, you know, even design a logo for the jacket which we are wearing or for the banners. So you can contribute in N number of ways apart from just coding about, you know, because open source contribution is not only the coding part. So the last question, are you ready to measure it now? Yeah? Is that correct? Can we measure our own contributions? How are we impacting it? You have to go back and think about it. So keep it intact, stay with open source and kudos to all of you. Thank you very much.


In order to accommodate the busy lives of today's students, Forsythe Tech has introduced an innovation in education, the new Science Skills Learning Lab. The Science Skills Laboratory Center is a multi-disciplinary facility and our main purpose is to help students to fulfill the laboratory requirements of their science courses in a flexible environment. They just schedule a time with the lab, come in, they can work at their own pace, they can work with other students, they can work by themselves. It gives you an opportunity to actually obtain your degree without being set to a rigid schedule. I'm a working mom and trying to go back to school and until this semester I was never able to take any of the sciences because either the class would work for me or the lab would work for me but I couldn't fit both of them into my schedule. I can't get in here at a particular time if something comes up. Miss Groves and Miss Burrell are really great about arranging the schedule. It works really well with the schedule of being a mom with two kids between doctor's appointments, working full time. I currently live in Statesville which is about 45 miles away from Forsythe so to be able to come down here in one day and complete all my labs and I have to drive four days out a week is very flexible. It's really nice being able to work sort of independently you can get ahead. I think that this lab opens up all the curriculums to working students. A lot of students coming in here have work, they have families and kind of helps out, works around their schedules. I would tell any student that if you really want to become a biotechnology major that Forsythe Tech has made an opportunity for you. Students seem to like it. It's just wonderful. It's fantastic. It's phenomenal. I'm really enjoying it. I wish I could get more of my classes like this.


he was supposedly married and at the time was going through some some issues with the marriage. So he said that? That was made clear. Yeah. I think it's possible this might seem avoidant but I think it's likely advice from an attorney not to specifically quote or detail something someone specifically said to him. This is also where you're going to see self soothing stress response you'll see his feet start moving underneath him and you'll see eye closure here while he's talking and this self soothing behavior is a stress response that serves two purposes on one hand it's behavior we engage in to calm ourselves down through self contact like when you rub your hand on a baby to comfort them we're just doing it to ourselves the other hand there's this foot movement and a good rule of thumb is that the further a body part is from the head the harder it is to bring under conscious control during anxiety.


Hey everyone, Roma here. Today I want to talk about F1 Stingwheel. But before we go into that, don't forget to subscribe, to like, to leave me a comment so I can read them and come back to you. We can have some fun. So Formula 1 Stingwheel. So that's my Haas 2020 Stingwheel. But if I go close to you, right here, K.R. Kimi Raikkonen. What you have to know is that every Haas Formula 1 Stingwheel was made on the base of Kimi Raikkonen Ferrari Wheel. If you start behind here, on the right hand side for myself, that's upshifting and then downshifting. And that's the clutch. So in Formula 1, you have only two pedals, throttle and brake. The clutch for the race start, the pit stop, it's here on the hand. Then you've got two buttons, small buttons here. You can just see it. On the right hand side, that would be full power. So you would discharge the battery on the straight line, but that would give you full power. And on the left side, it would be the DRS. The DRS also works with those lights.  You get to the line, four lights, four green lights would come on. You press the button, it's open. In qualifying, you know it would open at a line, but you still have the light coming, showing that you've crossed the line and you can press the button. The DRS closes either if you release the throttle, if you touch the brake, or if you press the button again, right? So that's three way of closing the DRS. And then there's two more buttons behind those quick, quick buttons. So imagine you're into a fast section turning right, left, right, left. And then there's a braking coming, which is a bit tricky.  So those buttons, you can set up the way you want it. Everything that's at the front can be put on those buttons. So brake balance differential, engine braking. You can combine them. So it's like a very easy way of doing it. So that's two buttons. And we actually got a lot more here on the function button, four. So that's another four kind of the same thing, but a little bit more harder to access. So you would use it for like a big straight line with a big braking at the end, and then another straight line. So you have the time to rotate and go to function one, two, three or four, right? If we go at the front of the steering wheel, pit limiter, neutral, radio, that okay button works with those that also works with those. So if you have a wheel speed failure, sensor failure, right? The gearbox won't know which speed you're doing. So you'd probably go MFA position 22. So one, two on the 10, one, two on the one. Okay. And then you would cancel the sensor override it and then keep going. So whenever a sensor or whatever fail on the car, that's the way you can go. So MF1, MFB, MFT and all of them are like 100 things. I've got no idea where they were behind, but there's 100 things behind. Then the differential here. So that's differential. That's to help the car balance. So if the front tires are going, you open the differential, meaning the rear wheels have got more wear of turning to a different speed and the car will turn more. And on the opposite, if the car gets really on the nose, very loose on entry, or in the middle, close the differential to stabilize it. So at high speed corner normally, you keep the differential closed and in a very, very small airpin like Monaco, you open the diff as much as you can to get the car rotating. Then if we keep going, we've got a sock state of charge. So that's how much battery you want to recharge the lap. Typically in qualifying, you would put stock one, and that's one lap of battery. If you wanted to do two laps, you could sock two, and then you need a race would be six or seven. That's sustainable. That means every lap you burn and charge the same amount of battery. There we had brake temperature here, brake shaping here. Brake shaping is so much energy recovered on the braking. So when you release the brake pedal, the brake balance will migrate to the rear of the car and you will recover more energy, but also you use it to balance your car, right? So if you had front locking late in the corner, you would go shape five. If you are rear locking later in the corner, you go shape one. For example, quite complicated, but I'm trying to make it as easy as it can. Then MFB behind settings, that middle one here, that's the big one. That's all the settings that you have into the race, right? So push is push. Attack defense is like a different type of deployment. So you deploy more in the straight lines. So to protect or to attack the guy in front of you, and then a couple of fuel saving switches, engine safe, that is bad. If that would happen, that means you've got something wrong. There's a puncture button, so you don't damage the differential. Manual safety car, slow was to charge, it's like a charge button. K2 was more like an out lap thing in qualifying and an RS race start. Spark ignition, that got banned. So it used to be the engine setting you would use in a race, more power, less power, more, you know, you would damage more the car, the engine, so you would have a certain amount of lap on each settings. But when if I banned the settings in the race that became useless tires, orange or slicks, greens, intermediate blues, a wet, they all have a different diameter. So those settings are to switch on the rain light at the back, but also to set up the pit limiter, because different tire diameter, different speed in the pit lane. So you had to make sure that it was on the right settings before you would change your tires. And then finally here in practice, the screws control, so whenever the car goes at 200 or 220 or 250 kph constant on the straight line, but also a tire degradation. So in the race, we wouldn't communicate on the radio the tires are going, but we just go through the wheel. So the engineers would know, but everyone else wouldn't know. So that was a way to hide it. Charge button here in qualifying, you would charge the battery, do a fast lap, and then charge battery on the next lap, go again, in button, that's a pit cofirm to understand, to let the team understand that you have understood the message that you need to pit now. Pump, that was an engine setting, getting a pink pump working and drink, drink that's for the driver.  And then where you have a stir first, you would push that button and you would get some, some fluid coming in. Basically all those, all those buttons can be changed, can be modified, colors, shape. When you get to a new team, you learn about those buttons and you learn where they are and you can make, you know, changes. So that's why every steering wheel is a little bit different between teammates, because some may like buttons are set in position and some may like buttons on another position. But basically that's the wheel I was using in 2020. It was very similar to Kevin Magnussen. I think I showed you as much as I could. Probably going to be, going to be told off for doing that, but I really wanted to share that with you guys. I think it's great. Make sure that you leave me a comment if there's anything more you want to know. I'm not sure I can tell anything more, but happy to try to. Hope you enjoyed it and can't wait to see you in the next video.


insecurity is affecting lives of people's livelihoods in Ghana tremendously especially when we go to the rural areas or the local areas where people are engaged in climate activities. It is seriously affecting the level of investment that people are committing into their agribusiness because if they are not they don't feel secure of the land rights they have they are not ready to do all that it takes to increase the intensity of activity to improve or to even expand on the skills and level of involvement in the land activity. In fact in recent times in Ghana we have had cases where cocoa farms have been given two small scale minors and they have taken greater parts of the cocoa trees digging under the cocoa trees for the goat and so farmers don't have any opportunity to continue their farming activities. So what is happening in some of those areas is that even farmers who originally did not want to give out their cocoa farm for such activities are forced to submit to that situation because they are not able to protect themselves they're not able to get any protection from the system and the traditional leaders who granted the land are not able to even give them any guarantee security of their land. So it is a serious situation in Ghana. If you come to the urban areas it is trying to develop their own small businesses all their housing units for them to be able to engage in business activities in their cities and it's the same there's chaos in the tenure arrangements and so many have become victims and this is creating a lot of tensions for them. So yes tenure insecurity is a big subject in Ghana maybe don't feel secured and because of that people are using all kinds of other means to ensure that they get protection for themselves by employing security in other things from their life which is also creating further insecurity for other people around the area.


So my name is Dean Pierce. This is Brandon Edwards. We're undergraduates at Portland State University and we're going to be talking about Yeah, you got that? I can hear myself. Everyone can hear me all right? Okay, how about now? Hear me all right? All right. We're here to talk on basically Mac authenticated wireless networks of all sorts. As he introduced ourselves, we're students at Portland State. Okay, basically what we're calling an authenticated network is a network that you need to log in with a username and password. So such like at a lot of universities now and stuff like that. Some people call it captive portal and yeah, there's many different implementations of it. Like there's open source ones like no cat and whatever and there's also a lot of other different companies that are coming out now that are implementing these captive portal systems. And they all essentially work in the same manner. Okay, so the one we're going to focus on for partially legal and partial just reference use is no cat. I don't know if any of you are familiar with it. Basically, no cat is a open source or at least free captive portal style authenticated network commonly used for wireless networks and cafes and universities. It's used schools, restaurants, community networks use all of the place. And that's what we are going to focus our talk on for the tool. Alright, let's go ahead and go into how this actually works. So we need to analyze how authentication works, realize how we're going to bypass it. If you look at the login process, what a user will have to do on one of these authenticated wireless networks, they'll obviously DHCP for an IP because they won't have predestined information about the network. They'll submit HTTP requests off and over SSL to a login page to login. And during authentication, once a username and password is accepted, their MAC and IP address are then added to an allow list on the firewall to forward traffic out to the internet. This is all pretty common stuff. It basically just forwards it through the gateway. So to look at how that has to be bypassed, you just have to analyze what the authentication is looking at. And basically for methods of bypassing to work, it will have to be on a non-switched or wireless network, which is what you guys are here for. And there has to be a currently or an about to authenticate user. So someone who is either sending user information or already has sent user information has been authenticated and is routing through the gateway to get access to the internet. Basically, there's three basic steps to bypassing authentication. You identify the MAC address of a target user, the IP address, and you set your route once you've spoofed as those MAC and IP. And to the gateway or to the authentication system, it looks as if you've already authenticated. It's not new, but it can become a little trickier than it seems to gather this information, which we'll go into. So essentially, the program that we wrote, what it does is it creates a database and it gathers information on the current network and it just watches the data flowing by. And it's kind of interesting because it's all completely silent, if you want it to be, where you don't actually have to send out any data on your network card to be able to gather enough information to spoof yourself onto the network. And it essentially just gathers the IP address and the MAC address of anyone that's using the internet or whatever. And when the program starts out, it spawns three threads that search for TCP, UDP, and ARP packets and then it desks them as they come in and then adds the information to the database as it comes by. So once you've gathered enough information to spoof yourself onto the network, you can use a spoof command that lets you spoof the identity of whatever user. And yeah, if the target was authenticated, then you'll also be authenticated so you can just bypass just like you're an authenticated user. So there's some very basic commands for the pickup line program, which is what we named it. And it's a command line program, so when you start it out it gives you a user prompt and then you type start and then it spawns off the three threads that are sniffing. And then you'll start seeing information coming in and it'll just print it off as it goes. And then once you've started to gather some information, you can type list to see all the targets that are available. And then once you think you have a target that you want to use and you use the spoof command to pick a target and then you just copy all of their information, like the IP address and the MAC address and you go through the gateway and then you're on the network and then the exit command will exit the program. Okay, so basically there aren't really many alternatives to the authenticated wireless networks that are in place. And I say that because as Dean believes if you're in any sort of wireless network you're shouting across a room and any way you try to cover that it's just not going to work. So if you say I'm someone and someone else says I'm that same someone it's going to work, they're going to be recognized. Wireless is just inherently insecure for that reason. Hot spots are considered to be a gamble for that. I'm quoting that from a security professional who works with wireless networks in the corporate field. And he's gone to implement similar methods and he's examined other things. I mean professionals will say it, hackers will say it. There's really not much that can be done to secure these.  There's variations of these authenticated networks. This tool will work on all of them or most of them. There's agreement of use policy authentication. Basically those are free networks you can go to. Say yes I agree I will not haxer the network with this access and they'll let you get on. And so I mean this tool will bypass you having to agree to that if you really want. There are ones that use user paths authentication which is the main method we've been describing. And the tool will observe the traffic, steal the information, figure out the route and set it. And there's variations about those. Certain networks will use just Mac, certain ones will use Mac and IP. And it becomes interesting because if you go to say a college network that has this, you can have the security, they did not design it with security in mind. And this is demonstrated because if they only authenticate based off of the Mac address, that means several computers could spoof as one Mac and each computer have a separate IP address and they all use the network. It's as if nobody seems to even notice that their access point is being completely abused. So there's multiple ways of doing it and there are alternatives but wireless is just inherently broken. This is a basic demonstration of a couple of screenshots of program and action. Essentially you execute the pickup line binary and you get the prompt and it says the version number. The current version number is 0.4.5 and it just assumes that you want ETH1. You can use the interface command to change which interface you want to use. And you can type help if you want a list of commands or whatever. And then you say start and it gives the thing that's guarding the sniffer and then it just starts gathering data on the network. Right here, the first thing it got was the gateway Mac address. Probably got that from seeing multiple TCP sessions from different people. And if there's a common Mac address in user source Mac addresses then you can pretty much verify that's going to be the gateway. And then it starts adding some targets. And these are people that are just logged on to the network checking email or whatever. And then after a while it gathers the gateway IP which can be used to route through. And then once you've gathered some information you use the list command and when you do a list it looks like this. It says 1, 2, 3 and it has the IP addresses that you can select from. And then what you just do is you use the spoof command and then it asks you what target you want. And then you say target number 3 and then 1 through 1, 2, 5, 2, 2, 5, 5, 0.7, 8 which is an IP address on the wireless network at Portland State University. And it's not actually a window, it's like a picture. It's just a screenshot, unfortunately. We couldn't get a demo, I'm sorry. Yeah, sorry about that. And yeah, so then once you say spoof and it brings down the interface spoof's the Mac address. Then it brings up the interface to the certain IP address. And then we've found out recently that there's a lot of different cathode portals that'll use different net masks. And so a lot of times it doesn't automatically detect it, but in this case it does. And it'll also grab net masks out of DNS requests, it'll notice those. But you haven't gathered the net mask at this point so it'll just guess it anyway. And it'll set the route through the 1, 3, 1, 2, 5, 2, 200.10 which is the local router on the wireless network there. And that's essentially it. And then you're online, you can browse Google or do whatever. So yeah, the attack can seem trivial if you're doing it. And it can easily be done by hand, but there are things that do make it a little trickier, like determining the route. Particularly if you want to make it a silent attack without actually DHCPing to that server. Therefore not giving out any of your personal information like your MAC address. And peas with that is that this tool will watch traffic go by and determine not just a target for you, but a route as well, which is beneficial. That entire demonstration that was shown didn't send out a single packet the whole time it was there. It doesn't even need an IP address. So yeah, all you need to do is bring up the interface and it'll sniff and get all the information it needs. And right now, okay, the required library is lidpickup so that it can sniff and then pthreads for the threading. And then, yeah, if anybody wants to like port it to OS 10 or like to Windows or anything like that, we'd be glad to help out. And we would love for you to help out. And right now it's written for Linux. It'll work in most Linux environments. It'll probably work in a lot of VSD environments or whatever. And there's our contact email addresses and pierce.de at pdx.edu. Okay. And then Brandon at datatactic.com. And if you want to download the latest version of the program, it's at that URL there that some of you might be able to see. It's at web.pdx.edu. Yeah, there. Tilde, pierce.de slash cs.peko. Okay. Is there any questions or anything interesting? Yeah. Do you know what the authentication methods are for that or how deep it gets? If it's a user, if it does authentication by adding a Mac to the IP tables allow list to route traffic, then yes, this will work on it. I mean, basically any implementation that doesn't do, I mean, any public implementation of such authentication will be broken simply because wireless, I mean, wireless, unless you use encryption, it's going to be. They broadcast, the information happens when they stream, when they go to any website, the information is shot out in the air because it's wireless. So if you can intercept it, you can figure out that they've been authenticated and what their route is for, you know, using, what was that? Right. Right. It's the user that you target, really. Yeah, we have also a question. Yeah, a question? You would think that and on our testing that hasn't happened in actual switch networks with Windows, Windows will pop up and say, yeah, there's another person using this IP address. But due to TCP using, you know, individual sequence numbers for each connection, we never get any collisions with that. And for some reason over wireless networks, Windows never seems to notice or Linux or BSD, never notice that they don't even get kicked off. They just share the connection with you. They pay for it, you use it. It figures out the route by watching the packets. I mean, he can tell you more of the logic behind that, but it watches the packet go through. And at the head of every packet, there's the MAC address of the gateway. We snag that gateway and then we ARP resolve the gateway to the IP to set our route. There's a lot of information in the ARP packets to travel around to, so it's pretty useful.


So, what I am going to do today, I am going to take I am going to take you through the Ekashiksha initiative, I will spend about one hour on it then because all the projects which I am handling now for the summer interns are related with this except one project for which the people have not made me, nobody is assigned as yet, nobody assigned I will not do it. So, that is not related to Ekashiksha anyway. So, I will take you through that feel free to ask questions. So, let us now go to the Ekashiksha initiative. This is what I believe in, one nation should have one education, I do not believe in hundreds of school boards, running their own 10 standard, running their own 12 standard all of different levels and then they we have court cases whether SSC board 90 percent is equivalent to CBAC board 89 percent because there are no admissions, whether 5 marks should be given extra or 5 marks should be given less. I do not see any reason why a CBAC board education should be different from a state board education. Yes obviously, history, geography can be different for every state, biology is the same, all science is the same and apple falls in Maharashtra the same as in CBAC school, all Newton's laws are valid, there is no difference, there is no difference in chemistry 2 plus 2 is always 4 everywhere. So, I see no logical reason why education in technical education schools should be different. So, that is what I think should happen, I know why they are different because people make a lot of money in printing school books, it is a huge industry in every state and the industry will die, if I said simple that is the simple logic, there is nothing anybody can say I do not see the students going through state boards are less intelligent, so they cannot cope with the CBAC supply, I do not believe it, very simple money power that is it. I do not see any reason why state takes books and it will be true for every state board, every 3 or 4 years they will come with a new addition, why? Because if they do not come, only the second hand book market will work, they have to get rid of the old book, otherwise how will now need publication ever make money, that is what they do, I know that, I know they do that. So, one nation one education that is number 1, single content in local language, the most important thing in our mind is local language, local language is dying down, but I think that at the school level at least local language should be supported up to a certain extent, 11th and 12th you can go into English because that is what the world uses, very easy to understand in your own language anyway. And does not matter 70 percent of the students are learning in local languages, 74 percent of the kids that is true. Once we talk about single content, another concept is that we should have interactive content, there is a organization in the world which says, which is trying to promote one laptop per child, they have been there for a long time, some time or the other they are going to be successful, not because a lot of money will pour into them, but because the laptop is going to become very inexpensive, Moore's law is still there, we have got a Akash tablet which is 2200 rupees, another 2 years the same thing will be available for 1500, there is no other choice, the hardware cost decreases that is known as long as you do not increase the features, look at the PC prices now, I have been in the industry for 25 years, whatever I was getting PC is with 64 KB is now available in now whatever multicore is available for the same price, so that is there, so content can be made interactive, the reason it can be made interactive is I am going to have some time or the other instead of a text book, we are going to have a tablet, whether it happens 2 years, 3 years it does not matter, I do not want to stop at using the tablet as a e-reader, it has to be interactive, the second important concept is as s as you learn, I have read a lot of books on education and one of the books says, it is very simple thing he says about the schooling system, he says about the US, he says all the educators know that every child is different, accepted knowledge, some people learn physics better, some people learn maths better, the learning speed of every child is different, some people learn by reading, some people learn by listening, all that is known, so what do we do in our education system, we pack together about 50 or 60 kids in a class, irrespective of their learning speed, irrespective of their likes, irrespective of their likes and dislikes, we say this next one hour I am going to talk about physics, now that is over, close your books, now we will start chemistry, then we will start something else, then you go out and play and come back, all 50, 60 of them, do we ever try in a schooling system, I am talking about US, the book or what US, same is true here, does anyone ever bother or can anyone ever bother to find out that I have taught say addition or factorization, how many of the class have understood factorization, no does not matter, I have been asked to teach factorization, I will go there teach factorization and walk off, because I have to go to another class and teach something else, that is my schedule as a teacher, so nobody bothers how much is anybody has learnt, and this is that book talking about the Harvard professor, then what he says is we do that without knowing, how much has gone into the students head, then what do we do, we say enough is enough at the end of one year, now is the time, now I will find out, what do we do, at the end of one year whatever you have learnt in physics, we set a test paper, and then and that was the most caustic comment, and he says our school system, pads itself on its back, if the student has understood 35 percent, this is the first time I saw 35 percent, and that is true by the way, 35 percent you used to pass people, what does that mean, he has understood 35 percent of physics, is not that true, why should you go to the next class, if his base is not clear, if he has not understood factorization, that is the optional topic, next year when he goes to LCM and GCF, it is going to be an optional topic, because he cannot factorize, now can do LCM and GCF, so the whole our whole edifice is built on 35 percent success, and that is not correct, so this is very important, as as as you learn, and this is what whatever I am doing is something in similar to what he is saying, he is saying teach a, teach a concept, assess it immediately, he has not learnt teach it in a different way, I am not doing it, because we do not have the bandwidth, but his model is teach a concept, assess it, he has not learnt teach it in a different way, once he knows go go forward, so he is saying it is concept by concept, why should there be a regimentization, all 50 are studying in first standard, so that is that as as you learn, it has to be enjoyable, increase understanding through experiments, once I have got a tablet, I can run once you will experiments, a simple example could be, if I am teaching friction using an inclined plane, is a mu and depending on a mu g sin theta is equal to mu, that is the formula, right, now the student can play around with the inclined plane, find out at what he does, he can change mu, find out at what angle it does, and he can experiment and really see, then mu sin theta is equal to g is the inclined plane formula, I do not have to derive it, he can experiment with it, independent of mass, I know that, he knows that, can he see it, right, so that is the concept, experiments again are we there yet, no, I will tell you where we are, trackable goes along with assess as you learn, once I have got a tablet, I can track the progress of whoever is using the tablet, this has he solved this particular concept, I can come back and review it after one month, that is a different matter, but I will know without having to give a test, how far the students has progressed, how much he has handled, that is one. Secondly, this is something which can be implemented, each child learning subjects at a different pace, once one concept is known, he can go to the next concept, in chemistry may not know one concept, he may be slow, it does not really matter, according to me. Anyway, we are going a little bit towards that similar thing, because I think we are abolishing all tests, from first to whatever standard, part of the offshoot of right to education act, they do not want people to remain in schools, because schools have to now be a factory, child joins at 6, goes at 14, nobody can stay there, because the capacity is limited, you cannot fail anyone, but good thing has happened, because of that, that is for a bad reason. Now, I am going to go with a story, I like stories, stories bring out what people want to say. So, we are going to go to a village 2015, the reason why I have said 2015 is two years is, what it will take for me to come up with some reasonable content, one has to be practical, I do not have people. By the way, I mentioned merit nation, I do not know how many people they employ, but I am sure it is hundreds, I do not have 100 people through that, nor crores of money and air condition, this thing and with educators and what that things like that, I do not have, I am going to work with free labor, actually not bonded labor from you, but free labor from the world and we will do it, I have always do things. So, let us go back to the story, there is a girl, there is a school at the back and what does the girl say and this is what really happens in life, I am sure, he says I do not want to go to school, I never wanted to go to school myself, so I know that nobody wants to go to school, I am sure none of you wanted to go to primary school, my case did not want to go to school, Junior K G or whatever, very strange my youngest son, he insisted the only way he went to school was he told my wife, you have to stay outside the school full day, because it was just 50 right in front of the colony, that was the pack that she will stay there, right enough when he goes to school he should go from and come back and pick him up, one day she changed her clothes, I he spotted it, no no no morning you are wearing this, now you are wearing that, so luckily she could fool him, no no no I was waiting there and some tea dropped, so I had to go and change and things, but this is what happens in life, people do not want to go to school and still why kids go to school, especially government schools, you will get lunch, then this is the state all states are giving free lunch, all all I do not see any exception, Infosys is sponsoring lunch, they are vans going all over here, charitable organizers are providing lunch to municipal schools everywhere, you do not go there to learn, you go there to eat, because you want to stop child labour, this is the real fact and make friends is what I added, because otherwise it will look very bad, but actually people send them to school for they get free lunch, that is not correct, they should go there to enjoy and why cannot they enjoy, because they are no teachers actually, that is what we want to do, not one laptop per child, but a magic slate, she has got something with pictures on it, that is very important for a child, you do not get, she comes and tells some other, I got a magic slate and what she says, I can count, the learning is quite fast, because it is an interactive game, at that level there is a counting applet already implemented, you are supposed to a button, when I press it used to run, but I am not doing that right now, so basically once you click on that, you will get a counting applet running for a primary, and then you can always bring back and show how, show your parent how you can do that, a few months later, the same girl says, now I learnt English, again there was supposed to be an applet, which showed how to write alphabets, is very easy the learning for a child, now the only question in my mind is, only question and you got free to ask questions, I am struggling with it, will a 4 year old or 5 year old be able to handle a tablet, I am not sure, I am not sure, but I believe they can, if Ambani school is putting PCs in their school for primary level, for teaching coloring, and so on and playing games, coral draw or whatever, I do not see why other people cannot do it, is possible, but let us not bother about that, it is possible according to me, I do not even have money to give the tablets, since I am dreaming it is fine, I can dream, not an issue, so they should show parents their success, now this is the sort of conversation we should have, which we do not have, somewhere in the middle of the term parents always want to know, how their children are doing, and teacher have no clue, they only say, there is the only information that the teacher has, whether student is doing good but, or is sitting quietly, because and that is one more problem with our education system, I was not fortunately brought up that way, because I refused to go to school for 3 years, absolutely refused, schools do not allow children to question, and that is the problem you will face throughout your life, if ever you work with foreigners, this is what I used to tell them, trainees who joined TCS, it was you should always ask questions, and Indians are never ask questions, because the 50 people teacher, if you raise a hand and check wait, 50 people ask questions, he will not be able to proceed, it is the teacher side of it also, but we are not encouraged, generally our whole culture is a patriarchal society, one person making all the decisions, not now, but generally, what happens, what the father says is the correct thing, you cannot question your father generally, I could but that is a different matter, that is why I am like this, I do not believe in any rules anyway, so but asking questions is very important, and I have keep telling them to every trainee, whenever you join any organization in IT especially, please ask questions, as many questions as you want in the first one month, because the same question, if you ask after 3 months, then you are stupid, when you join you are expected to know nothing, so you can ask Ramachi Sita Kone, but you cannot ask who is Sita after 3 months of studying Ramayan, earlier you can ask anything, and people will tell you, so learn the art of asking right questions at the right time, it is very important in profession, what the teacher can say, this kind of thing, the teacher will have an access, because the tablet will be there, from the tablet you can make out, whether or maths is good, but English is not good, so the teacher can ask her other things, which you normally do as a teacher, if you are doing one on one counseling, that you are weak in this subject, so study more, we do not have the one on one counseling concept in our education, so she can give an additional book to read, basically what I wanted to say is, they can study different subjects at a different pace, because I am removing the textbook, I am keeping the textbook, but I am removing the teacher, I am doing, going into sort of a self study mode, you can go into self study mode, that is the best mode, again question in my mind, can all children go into self study mode, I think they can, I have only two kids, but I have read quite a lot about it, and there is a definite 100 percent agreement among all educators, is that the more you load a child, the more brilliantly becomes, everybody says that do not use your judgment of what the child can absorb, pour as much knowledge into him as possible, may be he will not understand 100 percent, but still he will surprise you by understanding more than what you think he will understand, child always keep learning, anyway it is known fact that we use only 10 percent of our memory, how much percent of our brain we use in analytics, I have no idea, especially in US if you read books about kids, small kids, what they say is that you should make sure that the kids room has got a lot of color, and a lot of movement, why that sort of thing is not there in India is, we read too crowded a country, our kids do not have a special room, while in the US it is a crib, a special room and all US also white. So, if you keep a small child three months and they are talking about not about big children, early development 0 to 1, they are saying if you keep him in a white room, his eyes will not develop, there is no incentive for him to focus, and if he does not focus, he does not use his brain, the eye image the brain has to do, and this is all this is known, so they are saying put him in a, my elder son was in the US, and I did put wrapping paper, whatever the gift paper and put it on the ceiling, because over here that is not a problem, that is why Indian kids are smarter, because we put them in a Zopaya, and we put some stupid thing on the top which keeps rotating, because they should not cry, but that is fine that stimulates their brain, but the basic thing what I wanted to tell you is, that all kids brain has to be stimulated to the maximum extent, when not putting them in a classroom and teaching them one thing, let them learn as much as they can through different things, so I am do not want to even to limit any subject to, I will ask him 5 questions, if he answers 5 of them it is alright, if you want to solve 10, let him solve 10, no problem. What happens next, again the same thing after 6 months, the teacher says English is good and English is not going to improve, the reason why I am stressing on English is, this is not going to be a panacea for English, the first of all I do not even know whether teacher knows in rural schools, and of course it is not at a primary level, but a foreign language is something different, technology does not make you understand that, but technology can help you understand, maths can make you understand science, and of course biology, I am not called biology, but I do not know anything about it. Different tools for different subjects that should be possible, this is what I expect to happen, and this is the most important thing, which is not happening today, we are taking enough care to try and educate everybody, it is not necessary, if I have got something which is self learning, mother can learn, why not, everybody wants to learn English, I can tell you farmers are quite intelligent, whenever I used to travel around Maharashtra everywhere for my chest to my, I used to travel second class, I have found people talking very intelligently about politics, those days much more than in the cities. Because what they never had TV, what they do they do, they cannot even read, but they will know everything, because every day to understand the world there will be somebody who will read the paper and explain it to them, they will spend time, which we do not do in cities, they are quite intelligent, they can think and basically they want to improve, I do not see any problem in the computer going ruler, they will pick it up like fish to water, nothing great, how they will understand, the only problem is it is in English, that is the problem, why is the mobile penetration in India increased so much, very time easy to use, intuitive, I do not have to learn too much English, English is a bottleneck, and it has to spread only through something like this, not any other way, it is a bottleneck of technology absorption. China is going the reverse way, China is making sure that content is available in Mandarin, they are fighting with Google and throwing it out, they have got Alibaba.com against Amazon, all this is they are doing because their people do not understand English, not sufficient number, since we are ruled by the British a lot of Indians understand English, we are much better off in that respect, what else can happen, when old people can learn, once you make learning enjoyable, I said home yes it can happen, should it happen, it is not part of my charter, but it is necessary, there is adult literacy program in India, which runs with law of effort and money being spent on it, without using technology, the only reason why I am bringing in this up is, technology has to be used by government in running their programs, they do not, nothing will happen, let us see, this is a wrap up of my story, what I have made are director of ISRO, why, because she knows physics and maths and not chemistry and English, all right. So, what I thought is, I will whatever I have in speaking, I will wrap it up as the girl when she grows up reminiscing, so what she will say, that it is revolution in my life, by 10 standard I was studying 12 standard maths, it is feasible, but anyway there can be a lopsided development, where you pick up some subjects faster and you should be allowed to, there is no reason why you should learn all subjects at the same pace and is allowed in the western world, our professor is an exception, but it is allowed in the western world, a lot of people who at a very young age can get doctorate in one particular subject. Now physics concepts are very vivid, these are all the advantages I see, okay, in each lesson was accompanied by experiments and or simulations, okay, this is, we already have because of our pre placement, about 97 applets which have been put up on the web, now I am going to try and put them in the CBC textbook, CBC textbook is already on the web, it is not easy, because it is in PDF and PDF 2, there is no tool which gives me PDF to HTML, okay, so PDF to doc, doc to HTML, grant work, okay, but this is what we should have, I am just saying what we should have as education, okay, chemistry experiments in a virtual lab, I see absolutely no reason why it cannot be done, why chemistry subject only I have to keep reading, reading, reading, why I cannot do an acid based titration, it is covered in the school, no school has got, my school did not have a chemistry lab, good schools in Mumbai, not Ambani type, regular middle class school, did not have a chemistry lab, chemistry labs schools do not have, that is why I am saying virtual chemistry lab, because it is very difficult, it is too expensive and every day it takes long of things to learn, because all the chemicals have to be bought, it is expensive to operate also, education department could track the progress of all children, I think this is extremely necessary, extremely necessary in India, we are talking about right to education, but where is the monitoring system, it has failed, there is no monitoring system, all education inspector just take money and do nothing and no, no, sorry I am take it back, they just take government pay and get extra pay from other education, yeah, is there in Maharashtra it is there, because they sack some 10 inspectors, because they made a surprise, very funny because I normally surprise cannot be done, because by the time somebody goes for inspection everybody knows that he is coming, but some inspector managed it somehow, he went and visited 10 schools and he found children were not there, each Maharashtra government school gets paid per child, they are enrolled children without like the sattvaam scam, their employees working who were not there, clients are not there, employees are not there, same thing is there in education, sattvaam has only learnt, you probably went to government school, teachers are not there, students are not there, teachers are getting paid, students are getting paid, same thing is happening in Maharashtra, I am sure it happens every street, to forget about monitoring a child, a child's progress, we cannot even monitor children, number of children, only on physics and maths, which we currently do not do during graduation, I have been able to excel at my work and without the poor village girl like me would never have had a chance to show my talent and that is the only reason why I am doing execution, because this is the last sentence is what I believe, absolutely believe, that currently a low village girl has no chance, my wife does go to an adivasi pada in Gorillin national park and do you know that there are people in Bombay without electricity, they are in sitting in national park, you cannot run electricity because of 5 miles from anywhere, they are adivasis and she is now, I think paying fees for one or two people, we cleared 10 standard, somebody got 70 percent, which according to them is genius, now tell me this adivasi character and now another person has 60 percent, 60 percent, 70 percent is now gone in two people whom we are funding partially are going and studying 11th and 12th, but can they compete really against middle class people, who will get tuition in the job market, I do not know, I really do not know, this is life is what happens, they need all the help they can get and technology one means of doing that, they are street smart, they are not children, they are not, they are not smart, the family culture is not there, where education is respected, it is not there, I do not know, even if one person gets a job, maybe he will make sure that some 6, 7 other children in the next batch, that is after 30 years will now attempt it, whatever he has done, it is a very, very slow process, we are in this state after how many years of independence, more than 60, society does not change, society changes with the right to education act, society has changed with the right to information act and society will change with the right to food act, it will change and it is not access to education, the movement in India everybody is so frightened of speaking up, that unless you put the word right behind it, nobody will help him, you see your right to education then somebody will look at it, yes yes, I will give you education, my party is committed to giving you education, nothing is going to happen, because he does not have a right, he is still a beggar, the movement you give a right to anybody, he goes from the beggar state to person who can, if he wants, take a danda and he cannot take a danda, but somebody else will take a danda for him, look at right to information, why all the scams coming out, because they cannot be hidden now, if you try to hide it, you go to higher level, you get punished, so that information available, where did Subramanian Swami get all the information, he is not bribed to get the documents, he has asked the government, give me the documents and then given it to the court and the right to information act, right to education act has just come in, it will change society, right to food act and I see on TV and sometime I feel like boiling over, people are saying the cost to the country for feeding people are come on here, right to education you can fight, I do not mind, feeding anyway does not matter, that is the part, but right to it will revolutionize everything according to me, alright. So, now let us do a quick recap, government education I have been speaking that, sufficient buildings, Nanda Nilikani has written a book imagining India, there is chapter on education and he has given statistics, the amount of money the government has spent on education, everybody says 2 and half, 2 and half percent of nation's GDP, where has it gone, buildings, lot of school buildings, all you are all from major towns, right, every town has got lot of municipal school buildings, with no children and no teachers, because very easy for a Babu sitting in the government office, are you 100 crores fine, thus building banado, kaam ho gaya, usme haja teacher daalo to menad karna padega na, I have trained teachers, uska exam nena padega, uska degree teachers kele bied exams are there, education exams are there, degree course run karna padega, if I really want to do something for education, buildings are not sufficient, but buildings have been done over, that is we have enough buildings, I do not see, nobody has ever said in right to education that we will run short of buildings, buildings already done in the last 6 years, I finally put the word quality, actually it is lack of teachers, there are no teachers and again it is like the sattvaam scam, I am sure on paper they are teachers, they do not come to this thing, politics has gone into it in the village schools, they are either no teachers because then nobody wants to work there, pay is less or their teachers who are only taking pay, forget quality, there are no teachers, no laboratory at all in government schools, textbooks are horrible, lack quality is a misnomer, 0 monitoring of the schooling system, there is absolutely no monitoring, the school inspector will only monitor whether they are buildings and toilets and role called teacher haikini, does he ever monitor whether education happens? No, does not, there is 0 monitoring, are teachers are accountable for the success of their children? No, you have taught this subject why is he not getting marks? No, because there is no monitoring at all, this is very disturbing, the ladies who work in my house, her kids, they do not go to government school anymore, they are going to a private school, quality has gone down so far and that other thing about local education, local language education versus English education, English padana, now the problem with that is not that they should learn in English etcetera, etcetera that is not the issue, the issue is whether this my working woman's child even if he goes to a private school, passes 10 standard like I said with 70 percent, can he really compete in a 12 standard entrance exam with kids who are equal, but who have got enough money to pay for the coaching classes, it is a big problem, the society problem, a lot of people are and education is really dear to everybody that I can tell you from my experience. The current situation you go and ask any poor person, he would he would strive and pay as much money as he can to get his kid educated that is true, because they see that as the only way out, remember manual jobs are not there, the only jobs are there that at least in towns are your sales clerk in big bazaar and other malls, those are jobs that are opening up which requires some knowledge of English, job situation is terrible, tuition coaching is a thriving industry and in my view future of our children is being compromised that is certain slowly and steadily compromised, it is not about magic tablet because that is not my business, somebody will create a magic tablet as I said it will become available anyway, we have to leverage future technology today by preparing content, the tablet is not going to do anything, tablet is just a tool it does not do anything, we have to have content and we have to get common content for technical subjects, whenever people are ready to use technology, it is not tomorrow, it has to become as a pilot, but I can tell you it is starting, the timing we are probably a little bit slower, but remember this thing started about one and half years back, when the right to education act was not passed, there is a iron and F S engineering has already leased something called K class, K class Marathi leased because government schools do not have money they cannot buy, so now they have got this other model, we will lease two municipal schools in I think Sholapur in Maharashtra, they have already sold some things to West Bengal schools under K class, again government, so this sector is being targeted and I mentioned mentor you are what nation you are, Merrick nation, just came up, takes lot of money and effort, people have spent it because they have seen the opportunity exactly around the same time when I was thinking of this, so I think it will come, now I am very happy, if two companies have spent money on coming up with a solution, not one two and I am sure others were doing it, but those were limited to IIT material, now we are talking real school, middle school, that material is happening in India by two companies, major companies spending a lot of money and effort, I do not think we proof of concept is necessary, it will happen, whether it will come down to the lowest level, which is what we are aiming for, I am not sure, because at K class is leasing now, Marathi, only one municipal school has taken it and that I am sure is not to this extent, because in that press release which they said, but our experiment they call it experiments, our experiments will not be available in Marathi, saying of course, our applets cannot be translated, if I speak something, somebody else to speak that same thing, it will work, all they have done is they have dubbed, they have dubbed their lecture, that is possible and called it K Marathi, but applets you cannot cheat, that is computer, but we are going to translate applets, and the government schools to get free access, because there is no way it will happen, common content to be available in local languages is what we want to do, interactive and access as you learn, these are again two important things, we are on the path there, I think we are reach somewhere around 25 percent is done according to me, to be augmented with simulations or experiments, and child's progress can be tracked and collated centrally, this I have not implemented at all, I have not implemented it at all, but does the technology exist to do that, yes, so I do not have to bother, the one mistake which I have made, all my applets are in, I am using applet technology, which is not supported currently by that stupid android tablet, remember I did it one and half years back, and I chose applets, because I said applets will always work on all machines, because they are the most portable way of doing graphics, I looked at everything else, yes I think sometime or the other, we will take a make a massive effort to convert everything into javascript, one of the reasons why I said that the javascript lesson, did he cover interactive graphics at all in javascript, he did, I told him he should cover that, because I think that is the correct way to do it, I have given up on fighting Google, Google will succeed, they have been promoting javascript, they have been promoting local computation and cloud data, that will work and javascript is the best method of doing it, no doubt, and teacher to become mentor and guide, will it happen, I do not know, we do not even have teachers, so first step, identify content has been done, when I started this I was going to say, let me pick up content, because the whole thing is translatable, good content translatable, so I need to pick up free content from somewhere or write it, because that time it was in the prototyping mode, English are available for free download, they are not, content is excellent, no need to write own content, is the conclusion I came to, not necessary, of course the technology can support anything, translation of anything, no permission has been sought for translation, that is why I said I was brought up in a very very peculiar way, I do not ask permission, because I always do the right thing, very few people can say that, I can say it, generally most of the time 95 percent of the time I do the right thing, and if I do the right thing I do not ask permission, because if somebody is objecting, letting object, let me see which government officer tells me, that your effort for making education available free to underprivileged kids, you cannot use NCRT, I want to see one government doing it, I will make sure that that department is shamed before I give it up, I have been a fighter throughout my life, and that I can guarantee, I will leave IIT and do it, because I sitting here I cannot attack government, I am perfectly capable of attacking government, if we interferes in this, I am not done anything wrong, there is no business to make it available for free download, in the first place, I have not taken their books and xeroxed it, yeah physics chemistry is already been loaded, translated into HTML, manual conversion it is a very very very very bad process, I do not know how to do it otherwise, but anyway it is done, now the problem is for which I have no solution, because I cannot handle primary maths, yeah because I am not an educator, I do not remember how I taught my kids, but they learn pretty fast, so there is nothing much to remember, counting and all I do not remember, only remember when I say they surprise you, they did surprise me, one of them really did surprise me, I was sitting in front of the building, and I asked him how many apartments are there, in the building, and he quite fast he told me 20, correct 4 into 5 20, you know 4 on every float, but he did that, so I was happy, this is how you train children, you just ask them questions, they will solve it, I did not expect them, I asked him the question because I thought he will find it very difficult, so I will explain it to him, how addition and multiplication is the same, next steps are convert biology in basic English, which I do not think we will do for at least a year at the minimum, because I do not have bandwidth, what is the risk, insert will object to use of content, I want to see, and I have published it that these are insert books, this is what we are doing, we are done for physics and chemistry already, multiple choice questions converted to radio buttons, all exercises to inform students about correct answers, java script, so HTML java script it has been enhanced, most activities converted to java experiments, actually that is not proved, we are still in the process, physics we have done some 97 of those, you people's appellate, not I have done only a couple, replace images with active, this is what we need to do, and there will end of lesson quiz to interactive mode, so that sitting on the, this is just pure first step of interactive content, a little bit of programming skills are required and continuous activity with available bandwidth, because all we are doing is taking that, it is a real painful exercise, I am telling you, the maths is a real pain to convert from PDF to this, especially if the people do not know what to do, and maths is full of stories, you should read the, see the CBC books, this is what we have done, one of the projects is going to be working on this, is not it, yes, oh sorry, Ekashik Shah enhancement one portion is this.