This is the Lesson 1 instructor lecture, working with remotely sensed data. In this first lesson, we will focus on the following objectives. First of all, there should be a clear understanding of the basic principles of remote sensing. This includes the electromagnetic radiation, the electromagnetic spectrum, the meaning of irradiance and irradiance. Irradiance is the light coming from the sun illuminating the earth, and radiance is the light reflecting off of it that gets captured by a sensor. You need to have an understanding of atmospheric absorption and scattering processes that happen as the light is transmitted through the atmosphere of the earth. And once again, you need to have a clear understanding of the idea of ground irradiance, that is the solar irradiance, the light coming from the sun bouncing off the ground, versus the sensor radiance, which is the light that arrives at the sensor, at the satellite sensor, or the aerial sensor and is captured as remotely sensed data. And you need to have a clear understanding of the reflectance curves, that is how the different types of land cover features reflect light. Then you need to be very clear about the idea of two types of remote sensing, passive remote sensing and active remote sensing. We will focus on passive remote sensing, particularly multispectral imagery from Landsat satellites. And you also need to be aware of the National Agricultural Imagery Program or NAPE imagery, which is aerial imagery typically to the order of two foot to about one meter resolution on the ground, whereas Landsats are moderate resolution and capture imagery up to 30 meters or at 30 meters spatial resolution. We will also look at some active remote sensing sensors like LiDAR. So LiDAR basically has its own energy source and is beaming the energy down onto the earth and making measurements on earth. And similarly, radar is used on both aerial and satellite platforms. And both of these comprise active remote sensing because they have to have their own power sources to light up the study area with electromagnetic energy and catch the reflections and make sense of what kind of surface is being imaged. We will also be exploring publicly available remotely sensed data sources, including the USGS Earth Explorer, the USGS Glovis, the NASA Landsat Look, the Google Earth Engine and the Amazon Web Server, which is the engine behind the Esri Living Atlas. And we will also look at visualization of remotely sensed data, particularly multispectral data and what is unsupervised classification and you folks will be doing an activity with a lab activity with unsupervised classification and how remotely sensed data is displayed and visualized on a computer monitor. So let's take a look at the field of remote sensing and how it connects with the other fundamental sciences and geospatial sciences and technology in general. So we can see that remote sensing is rooted in the physical sciences and is based on physical measurement but also has a great overlap with GIS with geographic information systems and geographic information science in that in GIS is basically computer science where every data element has a location on the earth, latitude and longitude and time associated with it and remote sensing is also related to cartography because remotely sensed data can be converted to thematic maps which can then be used for GIS modeling or can be used for decision making. We can also see that remote sensing has an overlap with the social sciences such that if you're looking at remotely sensed imagery you're not just looking at a physical landscape but you're looking at a socio-economic landscape as well and it also has a overlap with the biological sciences such that remote sensing of physical measurement can be used to quantify biological systems like forests, agriculture and vegetation on the ground. So here is an overview of the electromagnetic spectrum. So you can see that the electromagnetic spectrum ranges from large wavelengths to the order of 100 meters or longer. That would be radio waves, then FM waves which is to the order of centimeters, then we get into microwaves, then we get into infrared as we come into shorter wavelengths and then we come to this region over here which is visible light to us. So our biological detectors are coupled to electromagnetic radiation only in this particular region over here that ranges from a wavelength of 400 nanometers or 0.4 micrometers to about 700 nanometers or 0.7 micrometers which is what we deem as visible light. So most of the remote sensing that we will look at will be in this region in the visible region and will include the infrared region as well and then when we look at a little bit of radar remote sensing we will look at microwaves as well. So here are some fundamental concepts about waves and it turns out that electromagnetic radiation is a wave very much like a wave on the surface of water or a wave propagating through a string and we can see from this diagram over here one complete wavelength is one complete cycle or a distance from a trough from a peak to a peak or from a minimum or trough to a trough and that we can also see that if the wavelength decreases the frequency increases the wave is oscillating more frequently in the case where the wavelength given by the Greek letter lambda right over here is shorter as opposed to when the wavelength is longer the frequency is lesser so wavelength and frequency are inversely related to each other when one increases the other decreases also all electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light given by the symbol C which is equal to 3 times 10 to the 8th meters per second or 186,000 miles per second which is very very fast in vacuum and in air and the frequency is defined as the number of cycles per second where one cycle per second is one hertz that's the units of frequency wavelength is given by the Greek letter lambda and is the length of one wave cycle and it has a unit of length and it turns out that for all waves in general and therefore for electromagnetic waves as well the speed of the wave is equal to its frequency times the wavelength and this is a very fundamental relationship that relates the once again the speed of the electromagnetic wave C with its frequency and its wavelength given any two we can solve for the third quantity so once again frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional to each other such that as one increases the other decreases and vice versa so as an electromagnetic wave moves through space or air it turns out that it has two mutually perpendicular components one is an electric field component and at 90 degrees to it you have a magnetic field component and both of these two components are oscillating and that once again a reminder that electromagnetic waves in the visible part of the spectrum have a wavelength range of 0.4 micrometers which is violet or blue to 0.7 micrometers and that is where we have red and then beyond that we have the near infrared and the infrared region so once again an emphasis on basic definitions light incident from the sun is known as the irradiance such that you have a irradiance a solar irradiance at the top of the atmosphere it comes to the atmosphere and hits the ground and then you have the surface irradiance and then you have reflection off of the surface which is known as surface radiance or reflectance and light reaching the sensor so therefore the light once again moves through the atmosphere and reaches the sensor and the light reaching the sensor is known as the sensor radiance and in the case of a satellite is also known as the top of atmosphere reflectance the reflectance from the earth that is arriving to the top of the atmosphere where the satellite camera captures the information so this diagram highlights the remote sensing process and also highlights the need for the atmospheric correction of remotely sensed data so we have solar irradiance the light coming from the sun that is incident to the top of the atmosphere and that is known as the top of atmosphere irradiance then the light works its way through the atmosphere and has several absorption and scattering processes that occur to it and then we have the surface irradiance the light that falls on the surface after it has traveled through the atmosphere the reflected light is known as the radiance so you have the surface radiance or the surface reflection then which once again works its way back up through the atmosphere to the sensor and as the light is working the surface radiance or the surface reflectance is working its way up through the atmosphere more information is lost due to absorption and scattering processes and the information that is captured is the sensor radiance or the top of atmosphere reflectance one or the other both of these two terms mean the same thing so therefore it turns out that the surface reflectance or the surface radiance is what is needed for the process of remote sensing such that the reflective surfaces can be characterized or identified properly so therefore atmospheric correction is necessary to add the information that was lost from the surface reflectance or the surface radiance as it made its way through the atmosphere to the camera if that information is added back in to the sensor radiance we recover the surface radiance or the surface reflection and that is the desired product for land cover mapping and identifying the surfaces that are being imaged so let's focus in on solar irradiance on earth and the separate phenomenon of thermal emission from the earth so in this graph we can see the light that is incident on the earth and if we just focus in on the region of the visible light we can see the bell shaped curve and we can see the visible region right in the middle of it and this is the light that is arriving on to the earth whereas if you look at the graph on the right that is because the earth is cooling off so earth still has geologic activity within it and has lots of heat within it in a very cold environment of space so it is just given off this thermal radiation that peaks at a wavelength of about 9.66 micrometers and that the emission phenomenon, thermal emission phenomenon from the earth is independent of the sunlight falling on it and for remote sensing purposes we are interested in making measurements of the radiance, the reflection that occurs when the solar irradiance is incident upon the earth so this is a recapping of these ideas that we have discussed up to this point once again very fundamental, very important the idea of sensor radiance versus the surface radiance or the surface reflection, sensor radiance is also known as the top of atmosphere radiance and that is what is captured by the camera the whole idea is to recover the surface radiance from the sensor radiance by accounting for the atmospheric effects that happened as the light traveled back from the surface of the earth to the sensor so please do bear in mind that it is ideally the surface reflectance product is the most appropriate for land cover mapping if you have it available as the light moves through the atmosphere it goes through several scattering processes the most significant of these is the Rayleigh scattering that happens off of gas molecules and as we will come to see Rayleigh scattering is inversely dependent to the wavelength to the fourth power of the wavelength in other words shorter the wavelength the more the Rayleigh scattering and therefore blue light scatters more than other lights in the visible spectrum me scattering is scattering that happens off of smoke and dust and then non-selective scattering is what happens off of water vapor so why is the sky blue? it is blue because of Rayleigh scattering so once again Rayleigh scattering is proportional to the inverse fourth power of the wavelength so what that means is as the wavelength decreases the Rayleigh scattering increases in a hurry and what that means is that the smaller wavelengths are scattered non-linearly to a much greater extent for the smaller visible electromagnetic wavelengths that is violet or blue is scattered way more than the other longer visible wavelengths and this preferential scattering of the blue part of the electromagnetic spectrum is what makes the sky appear blue to us and therefore blue band is not very good for land remote sensing because you end up getting a little fuzziness in it due to the Rayleigh scattering but it is important for coastline and shallow water remote sensing the most significant atmospheric process is atmospheric absorption that occurs as the light flows moves through the atmosphere and this absorption occurs due to the different gases the different molecular species that exist in the atmosphere and so from these graphs which show absorption one means complete absorption zero means no absorption we can see that the main absorbers in the atmosphere are H2O which is water carbon dioxide notice that carbon dioxide really absorbs very highly in the infrared part of the spectrum right at the end oxygen and ozone also absorb radiation and you have nitrous oxide also absorbs radiation and such that the sum total effect is that you have regions of complete absorption notice at less than 0.3 micrometers all the light is absorbed such that we have an opaque window available to us in the atmosphere over here from 0.3 to roughly 0.7 micrometers you can see that we have a region of transparency where we can look through the atmosphere and it makes sense to deploy remotely sensed sensors remote sensing sensors in these open window regions only and then we end up having other successive regions where there is great absorption and these are the regions where we do not put sensors for remotely sensed data only where you have windows and to highlight the atmospheric absorption and its impact on the solar irradiance onto the earth on this graph you can see that you can see the light the solar radiation that is falling on top of the atmosphere which is like a skewed bell shaped curve and then you can see that the light that arrives on the surface of the earth the surface irradiance and then it reflects and becomes the surface reflectance of the surface irradiance and you can see that there has been substantial absorption that has taken place in the light as it moved through the atmosphere and hit the earth and once again as the light continues back from the earth after reflection after becoming irradiance and arrives at the sensor you have more of this atmospheric absorption that takes place and we would have to remove these atmospheric absorption effects such that we can recover the surface reflection or the surface radiance from the sensor radiance or the top of atmosphere radiance that arrived at the camera so let's focus in on the idea of surface reflection the surface radiance and take a look at this graph that gives you the percent reflectance versus the different wavelengths of light that are reflecting off of the earth so here we are looking at surface reflectance or surface radiance the light reflect in off of the earth and we can see the major land cover classes that are visible to the human eye on satellite imagery mapped over here what is significant is this dark curve for grass which ends up being similar for all of vegetation low in the red a peak in the green which means vegetation is reflecting the green absorbing the red absorbing the blue and then highly reflective of the near infrared and so therefore a high green peak in the green and high reflectivity in the infrared will end up being a sign of vegetation and you have high reflectivity in the infrared due to the chlorophyll molecule in vegetation which does not like heat it reflects the heat back because it does not need it if vegetation was to absorb heat it would shrivel away so nature has just designed the chlorophyll molecule to be highly reflective in the near infrared region notice that there are these other absorption peaks as we get to higher wavelengths but the behavior of the reflectance for vegetation from 400 nanometers to about 800 nanometers is significant enough for applications in mapping as we will come to see also note that the reflectance of water is very low in the infrared and one way to identify water is then by seeing is very low reflectivity in the infrared part of the spectrum which is about 700 to 900 nanometers and then we can see urban rocks and soils which would be concrete sand and so forth asphalt they have somewhat equal reflectance across the blue green red and near infrared and that is distinguishing spectral characteristic of urban rocks and soils so once again recapping the three major land cover classes would be vegetation that can be broken up into forests or agriculture pretty easily water which is has a very low reflectivity in the infrared whereas vegetation has a very high reflectivity in the infrared and urban rocks and soils have similar spectral signature in that they are somewhat roughly equal across blue green red and near infrared so once again let's focus back in on the reflectance curve and zoom in on to the region of great interest to us in so far as imaging by the Landsat satellites is concerned so here we are looking at this reflectance curve that goes from 0.4 micrometers to about 0.9 micrometers 0.4 micrometers is 400 nanometers 0.9 micrometers is about 900 nanometers you can see that the near infrared region begins from 0.7 to 0.8 micrometers and once again in recap your blue band is roughly between 0.4 and 0.5 micrometers the green band is between 0.5 and 0.6 micrometers and the red band is between 0.6 and 0.7 micrometers so it turns out that the four major land cover classes are pretty readily discernible in moderate resolution Landsat multispectral imagery and these are vegetation which will typically have a peak in the green and a high infrared shoulder a high infrared reflectivity and the healthier the vegetation the greater the reflectance in the infrared because there is a greater chlorophyll content in healthier vegetation such that the typically forests might have a greater near infrared reflection than just grasslands or agriculture water has low to zero reflectivity once again in the near infrared such that if you look at water in the near infrared Landsat bands it will typically be very dark very low reflectivity and urban rocks and soils are roughly constant across blue green red and near infrared here's a reminder for the band for blue green red and near infrared and it is left as an exercise to the students to correlate these to the Landsat bands specially for Landsat 5 Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 now this basic reflectance curve is a very important tool for remote sensing and it allows for the interpretation of multispectral imagery such that if you are displaying a multispectral image on a computer monitor this the knowledge of this reflectance curve will help you interpret the curve and see what kind of features are being highlighted with the assignment of which color guns to which bands and we are going to get into this idea on the next slide so as we begin to get into multispectral image interpretation and display this reflectance curve once again is a reminder you can see the three major land cover classes water being very low in near infrared urban rocks and soils roughly constant across blue green red near infrared and you can see the classic vegetation reflectance curve over here with the with the peak in green and then the large peak in the near infrared so I want you to consider these two questions posed over here and hopefully you can come up with the right answer so once again this is a reminder that basically a image a multispectral image consists of stacks of bands of different imagery each band corresponding to a particular wavelength so let's say band one let's say is blue which is the case for landsat five and landsat seven and each pixel has a digital number that shows the brightness of the blue reflectivity that is being received by the camera and since this is landsat is a eight-bit image it basically means that if no signal no energies coming in then the sensor is going to register black and is going to give you a digital number of zero and if the sensor is receiving the maximum possible energy that it can measure then it will give you a digital number of two fifty five and that will be absolute white and all the other shades of gray in between are a measure of the reflectivity of blue light arriving at the sensor and for a eight-bit image it is chopped up into two raised to the eighth power which is two fifty six so it is chopped up into two fifty six values ranging from zero to two fifty five so similarly if we had a twelve-bit image then this region from no signal completely black to with the sensor being saturated to being completely white if it was a twelve-bit image then this entire region would be broken up into two raised to the twelfth power whatever that number might be it will be chopped up into those finer segments and will set to have greater radiometric resolution so having covered the fundamental ideas let's focus in on how a multispectral image is going to be displayed on a computer monitor and how can we interpret the image and the basic idea over here is that the primary the fundamental colors are red green and blue and if you combine red green and blue you can create any other color with different combinations of different intensities of red green and blue combined together so you just have three color guns that are available to you on a computer whereas in a multispectral imagery you may have multiple bands ranging from three from four to seven eight or more bands up to thirty six on modus and up to two hundred and twenty let's say on a hyperspectral image so you can only assign three color guns to three bands is all you can do and so therefore you're assigning color guns to reflectivity that is arriving at particular wavelengths and in order to be able to interpret the image you need to know the connection between the reflectance curve and that particular wavelength that is being imaged in a particular band so we will do exercises in this lesson where these ideas of band color assignments and and interpreting the resulting image will be clear to you once you work through the activities so always know the sensor band characteristics before working with that sensor is very important in other words band one may not be blue in all the sensors available to you so for example the French satellite the spot the earlier satellites did not have a blue band and then and then the band two was green instead of blue and so forth bottom line always check the sensor characteristics what are the wavelengths assigned with the particular bands and know your reflectance characteristics well such that you can then interpret the imagery that is being displayed on the computer monitor so once again we have this graphic that brings together the ideas of the reflectance curve of the major land cover classes and the bands that which the landsat thematic mapper which was deployed on landsat five does mapping in these bands so you can see the region where the blue band does the imaging green red near infrared middle infrared and and yet another middle infrared band and all of these bands are places where we have atmospheric windows available for the transmission of light through the atmosphere so you should be familiar with the idea of the natural and false color composites and you have natural or true color when you have the red color gun is assigned to the red band the green color gun is assigned to the green band and the blue color gun is assigned to the blue band and then you see the colors in the imagery as you would in true color or natural color but if you start switching on the color gun assignments to different bands you get false color composites so please watch through the following short NASA video to review the idea of natural and false color composite viewing on a computer monitor so in this course we will begin with a primary focus on the landsat satellite constellation and landsat is the world's oldest moderate resolution satellite program with continuously available radiometrically and geometrically calibrated multi-spectral imagery this is very important because lots of trouble goes into making landsat imagery very radiometrically pristine such that you can compare imagery taken from a long time ago to different vintages very effectively and global 30-meter imagery with a 16-day revisit cycle is available since early 1972 so actually right in the early landsats the revisit cycle was 18 days very quickly it became 16 days as that worked better landsat data archives became available free of charge in 2008 and understanding the downloading processing and display of landsat data serves as a very useful introduction to working with remotely sensed data in general the principles you're going to learn with landsat imagery applied to other sensors as well is just that the other sensor characteristics will be different and you will need to be aware of the sensor characteristics what are the different wavelength bands being imaged before you start working with it but the reflectance characteristics remain the same always for land cover features and please students will be expected to have a good working knowledge of the landsat missions and their sensor characteristics and please note the similarities and differences between landsat 5 thematic mapper landsat 7 enhanced the matter thematic mapper plus and the landsat 8 o li or the operational land imager sensors so this is a very good graph that plots the spatial resolution versus the wavelengths of the different bands for landsat imagery and for the spot imagery which is the second most well known second oldest environmental mapping satellite that was launched by the French so this is a very good diagram by which you can very quickly look up sensor characteristics you can see that the initial landsats had 120 meter thermal infrared and that ended up then becoming a 60 meter thermal infrared in the etm plus missions and so forth you can see that for landsat 1 through 5 the bands are pretty much the same over here in the multi spectral scanner and then in the thematic mapper series of sensors in landsat 4 and 5 you can see that the spatial resolution was 30 meters you can see that in etm plus landsat 7 you can see the different bands as well so this is a very good reference chart and you should be able to read this chart and make sense of it and so it turns out folks that landsat imagery and other remotely sensed data that is publicly available is available at the sites that I have listed over here please sign up and get an account on the USGS Earth Explorer website and the USGS Glovis which stands for Global Visualization Server Portals and also please request a trusted tester access to Google Earth Engine as you're supposed to do in lesson 0 by clicking up on the sign up icon on the top left of the Google Earth Engine main page it is preferred that you sign up on Google Earth Engine with a Gmail address the lesson one lab activity will involve unsupervised classification on ArcGIS Pro this is an activity that you should have done earlier in geography 480 but nonetheless this will be somewhat of a review for you in that case or if you have not done it earlier you can catch on pretty quickly we will do unsupervised classification to begin with using landsat multispectral imagery on ArcGIS Pro and we will be using the classification tools available underneath the imagery tab as shown in the graphic below extensively in this course so for the first activity we will just begin with the classify part over here but later on we will be getting into the segmentation and training samples manager and labeling objects for deep learning in successive exercises so this lecture covered the basic ideas that you need to be familiar with in lesson one and if you have any questions or comments please post them on the lesson one discussion forum thank you


What is going on guys welcome back to the channel critical overlord here So this will be my spoiler free review for screen five screen twenty-two screen whatever you want to call it Directed by Matt Bentley open and Tyler Gillette written by James verne belt and guy music stars Neff Campbell David Arquette Courtney Cox Mikey Madison Mason Gooding Sonya Mar Jen Ortega Melissa Barrera Jack Quaid Dillon Manette Marley Shelton and many other talented actors and actors to help bring this Satisfyingly pleasing return to which we're out of life So it's set 25 years after 25 years after the events of the original woodsboro murders and the other person has decided to don the ghostface mask and they're out to uncover and reveal secrets that were thought to be buried within the town's past and Along the way you'll learn how it all ties in with our new group of characters that is led by Sam Carpenter who's portrayed by Melissa Barrera and her younger sister Tara Carpenter who's portrayed by Jen Ortega and Tara Carpenter's group of friends who make up a lot of the other supporting cast members that I mentioned as They are like the focus this time around the movie does a great job at Focusing on these characters for a good chunk of the movie before it introduces us back to the characters we already know and love do we gale and Sydney You don't get an impression when they appear that those new characters that you just spent so much time with are irrelevant But everybody comes together and it meshes well in a nice big A nice big treat I'll just say you spend time with this woman Sam Carpenter who is acting like our new Sydney She has a troubled past She ran away at a very young age because of that trauma that she is dealing with and She not ran away, but just left town and she has like caused some friction between her and her sister over this and Her sister's friends as well some of her sister's friends. She has connections to all of them and you'll learn that as the movie progresses. So What Melissa Barrera is able to do is she's able to she's able to give you a performance that allows you to grow attached to Sam You feel for Sam you want to see Sam overcome But there's also this side of Sam that is a lot more edgier and dark I would say that you don't really tap into but you I would say they give you glimpses of it With certain actions that she makes along the way so While Sydney was more I would say like a girl next door Sam isn't completely like that Sam Definitely has some sides of her that feels like a perfect blend between Sydney and Gale She has like all of their great qualities mixed into one and you have Sam Carpenter So I think that's gonna be something that makes her really a character for a lot of people to grow attached to and just Want to see more of her from now whether or not she'll be our new final girl going into screen six and beyond You'll have to wait to see the movie for that because she couldn't in fact die The way they use the legacy cast is great. Neff Campbell as Sydney Prescott She's in a motherly role Sarah Conner type of role Laura Stroh Halloween 2018 type of role She's basically in the mentality of you know what I'm tired of this. I know what I have to do I've been through this you guys need to get in line. Just listen to me I got you. That's literally how it comes across. She's so confident. There's not a single moment in the film where I feel that she is In a victim in town in a victim mentality or any type of victim role There's not a single moment where I would say Sydney is even fearing for her life I think that is something that Will be like a breath of fresh air to a lot of us It's nice to just see her tap in and see how secure she is And how strong all those other killings priests have made her. I think this highlights that Tremendously how you see her here. She's not Very scared or anything like that. She's just overly confident it oozes from her This one character in particular. I know is going to be a fan favorite I've already seen mentions of her jasmine savoy brown character of Mindy Meeks Martin Who basically is a big time horror nerd. I would say she's the biggest horror nerd out of the group Um, you're gonna love her a lot of people are gonna love her. She is very knowledgeable She has a thing for elevated horror. She's the one who is kind of explaining the wrinkles So you get like all these homages and parallels between her and her own uncle fictional uncle randy meeks Because that's his niece Uh, and it's just the way she kind of acts like a mouthpiece for those people who like to pick together Or put together the movie before they watch it Like I know I like to do a lot of movies and see how right you were upon watching it Matt and tyler do a tremendous job at building a lot of tension at certain times And just getting hitting you in the heart too with the feels and there's a lot of things that are gonna make you sad I'm just being honest.   You're gonna have a good time You're gonna be terrified as well A lot of great tension building a lot of pulling the rug out from under you Where you think they're gonna do one thing, but then it goes another direction. It's like, whoa Just completely catching you off guard roger l jackson is in his bag as ghost face this time around Not as much as he was off the wall and screamed for anything But it's just the way he's interacting with specifically like melissa berrera Who not melissa berrera, but jenna or tega in the opening sequence in particular where she's going over her interest and her passion for Elevator horror like hereditary the witch etc the babadook It was just like the way he's talking her the way they're playing off of each other You just you grow as a horror fan. You're gonna fall in love with them You're gonna want that conversation to keep it up But then it turns menacing of course and it's very gut-wrenching your heart is racing You wanting to see how this unfolds There's a lot of brutality from ghost face this time around very brutal very bold and very brutal I do want to say that at times with the writing the commentary on toxic fandom was done Tremendously well, it's not over the top. They're not calling out any one specific fandom It feels very appropriate for the times that we're in the motive also is very timely speaks to again A lot of things going on in the climate of fandom Horror Any fandom it's not talking about any one specific thing that feels timely and it feels very relevant It's not ahead of its time or anything like that but The direction again gives you some tremendous shots the way that they Recreated stew's house and that one shot where Sydney's outside of stew's house And it's kind of like when the camera's panning and you that one frame is just chills literal chills because you're getting this vibe of Feeling Sydney possibly going through and reliving all that trauma in her head before she's about to re-enter this house And the finale is completely bonkers. That's going to be a crowd. Please if for sure very insane I would say that if you're someone who has been paying attention and kind of pieced together who the killers are You probably already you probably are going to be piecing it together along the way while you're watching it And even if you figure it out, you will have fun.  They treat sam's secret as again like the marine prescott subplot It's not something that's hidden until the very end It's acting as a marine prescott subplot which adds a lot more intrigue to what's going on with this new ghost face killer The pacing I would say was a bit fast during the final act And in between at times they they didn't let a lot of moments breathe the way I wish that they would Other characters again are a little bit more developed than others.  I'm going to have to give it a seven and a half out of 10 Let me know what you guys think about this down in the comment section below if you haven't already Of course, make sure you subscribe turn on postification in this video in the description I have links to my social media accounts on facebook sort of instagram you can message me there Of course, then there's any movies you deserve usually have me to cover in the future. I'm thought then my guys I will see you in the next video


That's right. We have a lot of friends who have been here for a long, long time. We have the Minister of Penny Wong, the Foreign Minister of Australia, who is here with us. So just on behalf of the government and the people of Tuvalu, I'd like to only welcome you again, Honorable Minister, to Tuvalu. We had a welcoming dinner last night for the Honorable Minister. She's had a few meetings with our Ministers and had the opportunity to also see the different parts of the island of Naftali. And we're very happy to have a press conference this morning and give an opportunity to the media. If you have any questions, you'd like to ask myself or the Honorable Minister. But from my side, we're very happy to have you here, Minister, and welcome. Thank you very much, Minister Kofiik. If I may just make a few remarks. The first, I want to thank Minister Kofiik and the Government of Tuvalu for the warmth of their welcome for the wonderful celebration last night. I want to thank the Minister personally, who hosted me so generously for the dinner, but also for hosting me at his house for breakfast this morning. I really have deeply, personally appreciated the warmth of your engagement and the way in which we've been able to have, I think, important conversations. I want to just make two points. The first is about family. And I've spoken about that a lot around the Pacific in this last year. Australians, our Government wants to be a better, more engaged, more helpful member of the Pacific family. And we recognise that families, as I said last night, they're about love and care, but they're also about duty and loyalty. And we see in this time of so many challenges, strategic competition, climate change, as well as COVID, the importance of the Pacific family. We've seen it over the last few years and we see that as central to how we envisage the region in which we live and the ocean we share. But I want to particularly focus on climate, particularly given where we are, this northernmost tip of Tuvalu and the location of Minister Kofi's very famous speech or message to the world. And it's fitting that we should be standing beside you, because that's how I want to think about it, how Australia thinks about it. We are beside you in this. And it is an existential challenge. It is the peoples of the Pacific, peoples of Tuvalu are confronting a crisis, not of their making, confronting a crisis, a challenge to their existence, to their culture, to their sovereignty that they have not chosen. And we see as Australians, it is our responsibility to stand beside you in your fight to preserve your identity, your sovereignty and your call to action to the world, to all countries of the world, to do more when it comes to the fight against climate change. We know that no climate change cannot be confronted unless all countries take action, all countries. And I hope that the work that we can do together with our different voices and our different perspectives will add weight to the call for more action, which of course is most exemplified by our desire to host a conference of the parties, co-host with the Pacific, a conference of the parties in the future. Happy to take questions. Are you going to listen to one at this particular time of the year? And what are you anticipating with outcomes? Would you desire to achieve at the end of this? Close to partnership. Close to partnership on climate change, on the economic aspirations of Tuvalu and to work together in the region. That's what I think we take. This is, we were elected just less than a year ago and I made a commitment to myself that I wanted to try and visit every member of the Pacific Island Forum in my first year as Prime Minister and I wanted to listen, to engage, to engage with respect and humility. And the reason I wanted to do all of the visits to and with, engage with all members of the Pacific Island Forum in the first year was because we are a member of the Forum because we share an ocean, we share a region, we share a future. But it also was a statement of our priorities as a new government. And our priority is here, our priority is the region in which we live. So the Pacific and also Southeast Asia, I wanted to be very clear, these are our priorities and we are going to demonstrate that by engaging, by listening and by being there. Well I think that's really a question of priorities for the people in the government We want to be guided by Pacific priorities and we want to be guided by your priorities. So I don't see, we don't come here to, we come here to listen to your priorities and to have the discussion about how we can work best together.  But as you know Australia has traditionally focused on health and education as well as infrastructure. Yes, look I want to make a point about not only the engagement piece but also labour movement and it's a point I made at the Pacific Islands Forum. We want those arrangements, those schemes to work for the sender countries as well as for Australia. So we want to have a dialogue with the countries of the region who want to participate or who are participating about how we make sure they work well together. On the visa that you described that will require legislation to get through the parliament. So we're engaging with the parliament about making sure we can work through that. And but we will work with Tuvalu and other countries of the region about how the scheme would operate and when it would commence. Yes we, Australia is a contributor to that and has put additional funds bilaterally as well as being obviously part of the Green, historically being part of the Green Climate Fund. But my observation about it is this, you know this is one of the ways in which we can try and work together to manage the real and present risks that climate change prevents. It's quite an impressive project and I was really pleased to go there with Minister Seve and to see the way in which we've collaboratively worked to try and reclaim that land. To me, he's very eloquent you should ask him. Yes, I mean it is the number one threat. Okay, we have it if you need it. It is the reality of and the enormity of what climate change means to the peoples of the Pacific and particularly those who live in atoll countries with something I'm aware of. But you can't, you are, of course I'm moved to speak with you in person about it. So and I was thinking last night as I was part of the dance and the singing. What it is for people who are obviously so proud of who they are in their culture, how it is to feel that this is happening to their country with so and how hard it is that they cannot stop that happening. So it made me I suppose even more focused on the importance of working together on some of the projects that and the strategies that Minister Coffey is seeking to do to protect your sovereignty and to preserve your sovereignty going forward. But I think the next thing we really need to work on together apart from all the things we do is to make sure the conference of the parties that the COP31 yields even more ambitious outcomes. We come as friends and we come as family and we want to work with you. You didn't get a question. How is that? I'll briefly respond to the other issues that you've touched on. But let me just say that we came into office at the end of 2019 just before the COVID-19 outbreak. So our borders have been closed for the last three years and finally opened in December of last year. And so this visit is a significant one and it is the first foreign minister that we've received during our term. So I think it speaks volumes to the effort and the commitment from Australia to building our relationship and deepening our cooperation. So I just wanted to commend you Honourable Minister for that. I know you hit the road running when you came into office. I was it last year. And so we appreciate the effort to come out to Tuvalu. And as I said last night it is my hope that your visit will help deepen our diplomatic relationship. In the Pacific we like to do face-to-face meetings. We've had COVID-19 for the past three years and everything was online. But I think having that face-to-face meeting is just different dynamics and it really helps us to get a feel of the issues of our partners and find ways to move forward. So really appreciate your visit. And as I said last night our foreign policy focuses very much on the global well-being and focusing on the responsibilities of nations to achieving that well-being. And our policy is obviously developed from the values that are enshrined in the Tuvalu constitution. As I mentioned also last night the Tuvalu is a community-based society. We value the well-being of the community and we emphasize the responsibilities of individuals. And so we've tried to bring that into our foreign service and then try to be consistent in our actions and in our outreach to global leaders. And I think we're living in a time where we need to really promote these values. The interconnectedness of the world. The vulnerabilities of countries to each other's actions really requires us to look at the bigger picture. And I know it's natural for leaders and for countries to pursue their own national interests. That's very natural because we are humans and we're driven by that. But I think Tuvalu has an important role to speak and to try to draw the attention to the bigger picture. And climate change I think it's a perfect example of an issue that requires everyone on board. And I shared briefly last night about the importance of building bridges. I understand that there's geopolitical tensions in the region and obviously Tuvalu is not here to point fingers at anyone. We think that if peace is the objective for everyone then we should be looking at what is our responsibility to achieving peace. And so that's a message from Tuvalu. As I also said this Sunday we'll mark 80 years since the bombing of this island that we were on. And not far from here there is a concrete block that used to hold a gun. And it's just a reminder of the devastation of war. And Tuvalu wants nothing less than peace for and stability for the region. And I know Australia is, we look up to Australia as a bigger brother, the biggest sister. And we were suddenly happy to work with yourself to bring that to our part of the world. So yeah, the question what? No, she works with me. She better not ask him a question. Well, I think this visit was to really have the opportunity to have a face-to-face meeting with the General Minister, Penny Wong, but also an opportunity for her to see first hand Tuvalu and the vulnerabilities of our islands and what is really at stake for Tuvalu when we're talking about issues on climate change. I know that the Albanese government have taken positive steps in the right directions to address that, but also recognize that there are also challenges internally that you need to deal with and looking at how you can transition your economy. We fully understand that. And I think the approach that Australia has taken has been a very diplomatic one. It's been one of respect and humility. And I wanted to yourself for that minister. So in short, it's basically just to touch base and have this opportunity, which we did not have in the last three years. Thank you. Thank you very much. This is one of the best locations I've had. Thank you. Just give that to Ash. Thank you.


Hey guys, it's Nate, A.K. The Foot Account and welcome back to the channel. The content yesterday on this game was nothing too crazy with 82 plus packs of the pace, dribbling and passing variety and since that was not too crazy of content for this game, no preview packs in the store, nothing to make people really panic sell, a lot of prices went higher and that was something that we talked about in yesterday's video about if the content this week was scaled back, lackluster, not as hype as it was in weeks past or specifically last week, then we probably would see these prices maintain a higher range on this game and that is exactly what happened. So I wanna talk about what happened yesterday again with the market as everything was, it's another quiet day, right? It was really just another quiet day. A lot of people went out and bought up Adidas cards, cards that are in this week's team of the week and you're out of packs cards and your golds maintained a high price because there was nothing really yesterday to drag them down a little bit. Now there is those brand new 82 plus upgrade packs that I wanna talk about as well and maybe even as we head into today, is this kind of trend gonna continue and talk about where I can see the market headed today and tomorrow usually with like Monday night, Monday into Tuesday when we have these slower weeks like this, if you guys remember like the second week of Road to the Knockout was kind of slow when we see kind of the peak of these cards. A lot of things went crazy yesterday on the market after that week and the rewards period and there were plenty of opportunities to make coins yesterday on this game. Now let's talk about it again. Why did some prices like either maintain or even go crazy high yesterday on this game? Now object and card number one is DeMaria Adidas, right? These cards are really rare. These Adidas cards are so rare and if there are no or very few preview packs that are released from now until the end of this week, this team of the week eight and these Adidas cards are gonna be pretty rare which a lot of people bought them up yesterday whether it was team of the week investors for these cards from team of the week eight to buy them for their teams or people trying out Adidas cards. Look at Neymar. Neymar was 1.27, 1.28 yesterday, rebounded up to 1.38 at its highest right now sitting at 1.35. That was the story of yesterday. There was a little bit of panic selling heading into 6 p.m. UK on Monday. Of course, the Bayside Compact was going away. We weren't sure if it was gonna get re-upped but of course that did not happen and all we had yesterday were the brand new packs like the 82 plus and I wanna talk about those in a bit because those are very interesting but again, that content alone was definitely not enough to make the market scared to go out and sell cards for their teams. It was basically the exact opposite. Take a look at DeMaria, right? At rewards, he was 2.90. Rows up to about 3.15 right before content. Content was released. He was 310,000 coins. He exploded to 360,370. Kinda came back down to 330 where he is now after all of that but that's what we see on days like this where there's not that much content especially earlier on in the week or kinda the first couple days that does happen. Same thing happened with Millie Tau, right? I was able to snag a Millie Tau for 4.05. Yesterday right at the content drop it was like right here. 4.05, I bought one. I sold it at 4.37 because of course people again saw that there was not a lot of content. Went out, they bought cards to try or to maybe invest in. Now I'm gonna talk about a couple of areas of the market that are very, very inflated at the moment as well. Ones to watches and road to the knockouts are very inflated. But with these cards that went up yesterday specifically like some of these gold cards, right? Verans, 180K, Conte, 323. Marquinhos is almost back to 100. Campembe almost back to 40,000 coins. And some of these gold cards, Hakimi, 70K, Mane, 148. These guys that are definitely gonna be impacts over the next week. The cards that we expect to see panic selling on as we head into Black Friday. Again, I think as we've been talking about in the past couple of days, but EA is just really presenting us with what I think is gonna be a solid window here to get out on some of these cards. And I think after today on Tuesday, you will start to see these prices start to decline for sure. Because as we know, right? Wednesdays at 6pm, if not before. Wednesdays at 6pm is when people start to sell cards and I think it's gonna be a time period where people maybe start to go in tradeable. Now for today, Tuesday on content, content-wise, are we expecting preview packs? I mean, I think people are kind of getting used to how the content has been. There might not be as much sell-off today on Tuesday unless we get some more information about a preview pack that would be coming. But I don't know if they're gonna release preview packs, right? When they do these slow weeks of content like this, it seems like a lot of time some of the best trading market fluctuations that you see are cards that get low right before the content drop and then, you know, bounce up right after content because there's really not that much going on in the game. And that was exactly the case yesterday. Now could that happen again today on Tuesday? Absolutely, but you're gonna have to find some cards that get sold off a lot. Like the fluctuations that you saw today, like with Neymar and the team of the week cards, like the Kloss, the Enkunku, up over 10,000 coins, Goretzka, 200,000 coins. The fluctuations that you saw on those cards, the bounce back that you saw after 6 p.m. content, I don't expect to see those same sort of bounces today on Tuesday because if people went out when they wanted to try cards, they did it yesterday, right? They did it on Monday. We're getting further into the week. There's more stuff going on. More people are talking about and Bape team of the week, you know, and people are getting their games played before we head into the rivals section of this week. So unless there's a specific card, maybe an icon or two, that there is some panic selling on today into Tuesday, 6 p.m. or an out-of-packs card or maybe one of the Adidas cards that people are expecting preview packs, that would be, I wouldn't expect as big of a rise, but if there is a decent drop off, you could look for another one of those fluctuations that happened today. Again, another example is Joao Felix. Joao Felix, the new Adidas card. There's hype because these cards, people are trying them out. Joao Felix went from 790,000 coins all the way up over 850K. Right now, he's around 830, 840. So, I mean, I don't think you're gonna see as an insane of a bounce back today on Tuesday as you would have yesterday, but I just kind of wanted to explain again why the market did what it did yesterday. So if you got involved with any of those profits, again, I flipped the Militao, flipped an icon yesterday. I bought a LAM at 1.2 flat, sold it at 1.31. A couple of these other trades are from overnight. A one-flips Regulon and I have an icon right now on my transfer list in the baby Mateus that I'm gonna re-list back up here in a second and try to get like a 20K profit on, I believe that is. So that's kind of what I'll be looking at right now. Again, sometimes it feels like in the market when it's like this, when everything is high and it's up in price, it's like, what can you really do? But there's actually a lot that you can do. You can sell chemistry style trade and these cards that fluctuate that are pretty rare, like this Youngman's Son right now is up at 790,000 coins. He was actually like 730 or 720 at one point yesterday. And you know, now he's back up at 787.90. So when the market is high like this, you can absolutely fluctuation trade and I wanna draw your attention to part of the market right now that is super inflated because this is something that I wanna point out as well as we're heading into a crazy time of Black Friday and a crazy time of panic selling and people selling their investments because they wanna get coins to participate with content. You have a lot of cards that get forgotten about that are live cards that we'll be upgrading that will be investments or that are investments or have been investments that will get sold off. Now, we saw this last week with Ones to Watches and with Road to the Knockouts. Those prices dropped off a decent amount because people were so worried about the preview packs about the Rule Breakers promo and the Icon SBC. Now, this week with the market really slowing down, some of these prices are absolutely exploding. Take a look at this Upmakano, 310,000 coins right now. Basically since Friday, when the content was not so good, this Upmakano has gone up almost 100,000 coins. The reason why this Upma has gone up is because links to the potential Subitzer who could be in team in the week this week and also people are starting to invest in these cards that are gonna potentially get wins to watch upgrades in the next, basically when international break is over. So this next upcoming weekend, if I could find Upmakano on this list, on foot bin of the live cards and their upgrades, or even if, yeah, so Upmakano's right here, buying her on four wins and on the 19th, they play FC Augsburg. That would be the fifth win that he needs to get his wins to watch upgrade, which is also kind of plays into why you see Subitzer up in price a lot right now. Subitzer is 42,000 coins after being 30,000 coins, basically when the weekend started. On Friday, 31,000 coins is up at 42,45K, basically at the moment. Again, the reason why these cards are up are because they're getting close to their wins to watch upgrade, but this is what I want you to kind of learn from this. I know some of you guys might be making coins on these ones to watches or road to the knockout cards that are up a lot, right now like Tapsoba was like 45,000 coins, now he's 57K. I mean, this guy even went up yesterday, right? Yesterday it was 48,000 coins, people started buying this stuff up, right? He's 56K. What happens is when content gets quiet and content kind of gets pulled back, a lot of people look for places to trade, they look for places to invest and when there's not a lot of hype and interaction going on, they go to the live cards. And especially since we have road to the final games or road to the knockout cards in their games, Champions League, Europa League, and Conference League games a week from now, people are already starting to look towards these road to the knockouts and the ones to watches for their games this coming weekend for their club teams and starting to think about buying up these players for those upgrades that could be coming. That is the pure driving force behind these prices driving up so much and rising so much in the past weekend or even in the, since yesterday, right? Again, we looked at some of these cards like, I mean, Robertson 245, that is up. This Hamari Treore, 41,000 coins. He was literally 31K on Sunday. He's up 10,000 coins. Again, he's expected to get the upgrade. They're expected to win their next game in the Conference League. So these prices going up so much right now are off purely investing. Now you might be asking me, Nate, is it too late? Can I get in on some of these cards? And to be completely honest with you, there's maybe a couple of them. There's maybe a couple of them that you could still get in on. Basically the ones that have gotten invested in the most are the ones that could be getting the double upgrade.  Treore, boom, there he is, Hamari Treore. So again, he is two out of three wins at the moment. They play next week, 10 days from now, they play Vittes, right? Which you would think that they would be able to win that game. And Stodd Renee would get the third win, which would mean he might get the double upgrade because right now the way that the conference league works only the top team gets out of the group stages and Spurs, it's not looking likely. If that fact is correct, I'm pretty sure it's only the top team of the conference league moves on and gets out of that competition into the knockout rounds. Then he's getting his third win. Regardless, he's getting an upgrade, but it would potentially be a double upgrade. So his card would go from an 84 to an 86, then to an 87. The same thing with the man that we were just looking at the center back that I forgot his name now, the beast center back, how am I forgetting his name? Tapsoba, Tapsoba, the same thing with Tapsoba, right? They're looking really good to get another win against Celtic and then another one after that against Budapest. And he's looking really good for a double upgrade. He would also go to an 87. They are on one of three wins, but since they beat Real Batiste, that was the hard game last week. It's looking like he's gonna get upgraded and that double upgrade is pushing people to invest in that card. Another one, Diop is up. They play SK Rapid Wine and then Dino Mosa Grab, their next two games. So people are investing in these cards for the potential upgrades. Graven Birch is another one. This guy has absolutely flown 45,000 coins. They've absolutely exploded. Again, people are investing in this stuff right now because there is nothing else to do on this game and they're investing for the potential upgrades. So, they can absolutely be trading opportunities with these cards because right now as they are so hyped, as these investments are so hyped up and as so many people are looking at them and buying them, basically if there's any point and period of panic over the next couple of days, maybe even today on Tuesday, if EA were to release some sort of preview pack, right? That would get some people thinking. That would get some people probably selling these cards on the game a little bit because these cards are purely up in price because of investment, right? It's purely because of investment, because of that potential upgrade that they could be getting. That's why these guys are up in price. So, you could definitely watch these cards for fluctuations over the next couple of days and for potential movements on the market. Especially if there's some content that comes out that maybe takes some people's eyes away from this, like if they were to drop some sort of SBC that would just bring hype to other places on the market, this Lukaku 363 at the moment. What's his next cheapest card? He's like 370. So, these cards are so rare. That makes them incredible to trade with. But if some people start to sell them, right? I was even, we even talked about this last week. I was like, man, with this icon SBC that is going around, we were looking at Konate at 20,000 coins and right now he's like 28, 29K. So, he's definitely rose up just from the wins to watch upgrade potential that this card has. Again, with panic selling in the next week, we're gonna talk about these cards more as we head into Black Friday. But seriously, keep an eye on these ones to watch and road to the knockouts, even though some of their games will be played before Black Friday, as we enter in this weekend of a lot of panic selling and a lot of people worrying about supply and stuff that's gonna be happening on the market in the next week. I would really watch out for those cards because those are gonna be great places. They're very rare cards. Most of them should not be supplied again unless instead of best of team of the week, EA were to drop some other special cards and packs. We'll talk about that potential in a future video as well, kind of talking about Black Friday and best of team of the week and other things that are released around the Black Friday timeframe. So, we'll keep that in mind, but a lot of these cards are not gonna get supplied again. So, it's just basically people are investing in them for that upgrade and they're rare, right? They've been out of packs for a while and everybody's getting hyped about them and they're a very popular investment because it's very easy to buy them and people have profited off them so much already this year. That's why you see their prices moving like crazy on this market right now and it helps that the content is really, really quiet at this point in time in the game. So, I just wanted to point that out as well. Now, let's talk about the upgrade packs a little bit. The packs that we had yesterday, they're very interesting. Very, very interesting, these upgrade packs for the market. Now, they're not that expensive. They're not that expensive, but they're interesting in the fact that we've never had upgrade packs like this before where it's a rating based on the card. 82 paced guaranteed, 82 passing guaranteed, 82 dribbling guaranteed. Now, what we did yesterday live on stream is we went into the fine details. How many players in FIFA have an 82 plus dribbling or higher? Again, these are just rare golds, right? So, when we saw these guys in the pack code, we were like, are we gonna get bronzes and silvers from this? No, it is just rare golds. If you do some digging, the best value out of these three packs right here, the number one value is the 82 passing. 82 plus passing guaranteed. Now, I know it makes no sense because you have to turn in a full squad, 11 players, six rares for this SBC. And for these other ones, you only have to turn in like five or six players for the paced or for the dribbling. But if you do 82 plus passing, there's only like three pages of players in this game that have 82 plus passing. It's actually a pretty rare stat in FIFA for rare golds. And if you add in a few of the promo cards from the Adidas promo and a few of the inforums, you know, this one is the best bang for your buck, technically, because a lot of times you're getting boards, you're getting 83s, 84s. You know, there's a decent amount of fodder that you're getting for this, like Tony Cruz, Veratiev, I've seen people pack, Parejo. So, this is one that it's harder to pack, like you can't pack in Boppe from the 82 plus passing guaranteed. Maybe on Wednesday, if he gets an inform, if that inform gets plus two passing, because he has 80 passing at the moment, so you can't pack him, but you can still pack Messi, you can still pack Ronaldo, you can still pack Kevin De Bruyne, you can still pack Neymar, Inform, or his gold card, Hyunmin Sun, you can still pack, of course, you can't pack Sadio Mane, or you know, some of those other higher tier cards. There's a few of them that you can't pack, like Conte has 75 passing as well. You can't get him out of this, but you can get a lot of great fodder from the 82 plus. So, it's almost worth your value in terms of the fodder that you should get back. It's actually kind of easy to use this to craft SBCs. If your pack weight is on, you can pack like four or five different Adidas cards that are higher rated like Hummels, Reyna, is very easily packed from this. Couple of people have shouted De Maria, Dele Alli's, able to be packed, Declan Rice. I've seen people pack Fabian, Diawara. So, this one gives out really well, but it doesn't give out the most elite top tier cards, like especially from like the Adidas promo, like you can't get Felix. You can't get Jota. You can't get Millie Tau. You can't get, there's one more. I don't think you can get, I think I named all the biggest ones to be honest, out of the Adidas promo, because you can't get Felix, yes, Millie Tau or Jota. So, you can't get any of the big three, but if you go to the 82 plus dribbling guaranteed, there's still a lot of like lower tier, like just regular like 78 or 79 or 81 rated gold cards that you can get from this, but there's a lot more tops here, right? You can pack all the Mbappe, Messi, Neymar, Ronaldo, all those guys, of course. You can pack Felix. You can pack Jota. You can pack like the main top tier cards that are in the promo team and the team of the week as well from this one. And the real value comes in with this, is it's only two rares, and it's just the five players that you have to turn in for this. Like my club, I have no non-rares at the moment, because my club is like pretty bare, because I've really sent my non-rares and a few of my rares into these packs. You know, they're really interesting, and we talked about it on the stream as well. One thing that might be really interesting with these is if you're stacking, or if you wanna stack some of these and save them for future promos, the 82 plus passing guaranteed pack could be incredibly OP later on during team of the year, when we have promos in the next couple of weeks. Because again, since there are so few cards on this game that have 82 plus passing, I know the number of those cards for like, informs and stuff that's gonna go up, but in packs at any certain time, you're still only gonna have those, that small number of gold cards, and then when you come around with team of the year, the whole entire team should have 82 plus passing guaranteed. So I don't know if we're ever gonna see these packs re-released, because this is such a specific part of the Adidas promo. So if you wanted to stack some of these, and if you're starting to hold packs for team of the year already, more power to you, I really could not do that. But this could be a pack that could be really, really overpowered when we get to that timeframe, just because of the small player pool that it chooses from. So I know that this right now is draining some coins off the market because people are going out and they're buying cards for this, I believe non-rares. If we take a look, gold commons, let's go from, I like checking the second or third, you know, most popular leagues, not the prem, because everybody goes for the prem. I think gold commons are like 600 coins, Insta, or maybe like 550, at least they are 550 earlier yesterday. Yeah, 550 Insta for gold commons right now, which means that these are definitely up like 300 coins a piece, or 200 coins a piece. So I would expect these to rise a little bit more since there's nothing else to do in this game. People are gonna be doing these upgrade packs, and that will start to take its toll on the market a little bit. Again, I don't think you're gonna see any huge market craziness today on Tuesday, even if we have like no content, maybe it's just a player SBC, or one of those pack SBCs I wouldn't expect too much today on Tuesday, unless EA have a surprise for us. But it feels like EA is kind of pulling back the content as we thought that they maybe would after how this stuff has been going this weekend. But I just wanna talk about these upgrade packs and talk about the market again. As a lot of stuff has really gone up in price, especially those OTW cards, if you're holding onto one of those, like if you bought into an Upamakano, or maybe you bought into a Lukaku who is flying in price at the moment ahead of their potential upgrade, you know, you could probably keep holding onto these cards. The only real reason that these cards would drop heading closer into their game times would be if there's any sort of crazy content that is released. And if there's ever a time to risk it, I mean, you look at right now, wow, somebody's mass listed a ton of these, look at these, look at all these Lukakus that were just listed, pages. Pages all in the same time, and they're all zero games played for their current club. That's somebody that's mass listing a ton of Lukakus right now, which is crazy. I mean, that just goes to show you that right now on this game, these ones to watches are so invested at the moment, which unless you got in early, you're just gonna be quick flipping with them because they're really rare cards and they still will fluctuate. So just be careful with those. But that is again, another reason why I think you could see drops in price when we have periods of panic. So watch out for that, of course. I think I spoke enough about that. You kind of get the gist of what I'm saying with those cards, but really curious what's gonna happen today on Tuesday. Last week on Tuesday, we had the 81 to 86 preview pack. Yesterday in the store, it was really a poor set of packs. It was a 15K pack and a 25, and they are gonna expire today on Tuesday. So we'll see if they re-up this. But yeah, man, right now prices are up. So again, EA is giving you ample opportunities, and I know it seems like Nate, when is the panic ever gonna start? But it is gonna be coming soon, trust me, right? People are gonna panic sell for Black Friday because they know the power of the supply on this game. And more and more people are starting to talk about what Black Friday could look like on this game and how the prices could crash insanely. Because again, it feels like we had a hype week. EA's pulling back. They're gonna return with those preview packs. They're gonna return with the hype for Black Friday. I know that they are. So right now, it's a calm before the storm once again, and we're seeing that and sensing that on the market with how things are moving. So that's the video for today, boys. If you did enjoy, smash the thumbs up on it. Comment down below if you have any questions and subscribe if you're new. It has been Nate at Foot Account, and I will catch you guys later. Peace out.


Let me give you a reality check. 50% of the nations of this world doesn't have a rule of law, there is no transparency, there is no good governance, there is no respect to human rights, there is no independent courts, there is no free press, there is no private property, there is not many things. How are these tied to the environment? Any very important enabling conditions. Unless we come to realize that we need to heavily invest in the transition towards the good governance models. We will be bulldozed by climate change and loss of biodiversity. Climate change, I'm very concerned that there's a lot of civil unrest because of what I just mentioned and climate change will just basically add more fuel to that social unrest and this is just going to dramatically increase in the next one to two years. It's not just the well-educated kids from the north that are doing strikes because of climate change. It's way more serious than that and it's going to happen heavily in those countries that are trapped within these social environment trapped whereby the lack of governance will be kind of the detonator of conflicts and that is the reality. In my case, I come from a country that when my grandfather was born in 1898 Costa Rica was probably the last developed nation in the western hemisphere and today Costa Rica lives longer than the average American, lives happier than any American with a smaller way smaller environmental footprint and that has been basically because my country has been investing in all those items I just mentioned before and I can add one more for which has been key to us that was when we abolished the army. 70 years ago we abolished the army in Costa Rica. We heavily invested in education and health care and all of a sudden, you know, people come to realize that nature is part of our development agenda because Costa Rica has been able to go 100% renewable energies double the size of our forests at the same time that our economy tripled and the population. Have you brought citizens along with that? Yeah, of course. In Costa Rica it makes economic sense to protect nature. As a matter of fact, we have a decarbonization plan that aims to be zero emission by 2050 where we plan to be 60% forest cover in Costa Rica. Today we are 52 and we've been restoring degraded lands coming bringing nature once more that is becoming giving us a high possibility to be more climate resilient in water particularly in the water sector, in the energy sectors. But at the same time we've been able to create national mechanisms where protecting nature makes a lot of sense. Every we had, by the way, we got a carbon tax in Costa Rica. It's not like the northern concept where you put a tax so people will be more efficient in how they use fossil fuels. No, in Costa Rica we got what I call a tropical carbon tax where it deals with the market failure of the positive externalities. So those who are providing a carbon fixation service by keeping forests and planting trees are fully compensated for that carbon offset by those who consume fossil fuels. We have created very positive incentive for nature conservation. If the payment for carbon matches the cost of opportunity of doing the wrong irrational agricultural livestock activities we want to avoid, people will protect forests. And this is what we have done in Costa Rica. It makes a lot of economic sense. So the good governance, the dealing with the market failures, which was very well mentioned by Diane here, are two of the things that have really worked very well in Costa Rica.


This study found that fiscal decentralization in the Italian healthcare system has had negative consequences, resulting in reduced availability of staff and hospital beds, decreased utilization of care, and increased inter-regional patient mobility for healthcare purposes. These effects were stronger for public services and were more pronounced in poorer areas. This article was authored by Arianna Rochello, Cristina Perescovopoulou, and Elias Condolas.