I just thought that today, just before we start of this, in faith, looking at Joshua 1 verse 8, God gives Joshua the instruction, so Joshua 1 verse 8, so the book of law of the law shall not depart from your mouth, but you shall meditate in a day and night that you may observe to do all that is written in it, for then you will make you a prosperous and then you will have good success. So Joshua faces a situation where Moses is not there as a leader and the Lord gives him instructions, like in person meets with him, gives him the instruction, commands him to be strong and to be courageous, not be afraid, and then in faith he says, you will have good success, you will make your way prosperous. So he seems to objectives saying, you will have good success and you will make your way prosperous.  And then the thing that he says is this book of the law shall not depart from your mouth. The three things there, that it will not depart from your mouth, that you meditate in it day and night, day and night meditation, which means it's part of your thinking, you're repeating it over and over again, it occupies your space in your mind, you're giving it that importance and it talks about, he gives the third thing is that you observe to do everything according to what's written in it, you carry out the instruction, you obey and the end result is this. So one of the things is to declare, to speak out, it shall not depart from your mouth, let it be part of your speaking. Simply put, you can say, let it be part of your speaking, let it be part of your thinking, let it be part of your doing. So speaking, you want to speak his word. So let's make a color of ecstasy. I know you have your mics muted but then you can declare it and speak it up over your own lives. So I can say it out loud. The blood of Jesus has purchased and redeemed me, brought me near to God and given me boldness to enter God's most holy presence. I am covered and protected because of the blood of Jesus. I am made covenant with God through the blood of Jesus. The blood has set me free. From the wrong ways of my ancestors, I overcome the enemy by the blood of Jesus. Okay, here's one more specifically about prosperity and success. It says, I am like a tree, planted by rivers of water. I bring forth my fruit in its season. My leaf does not wither and whatever I do, prospers. I am blessed in all the works of my hands. I follow the Lord, His word and His ways and He causes me to prosper and gives me good success. As I walk humbly and in the fear of the Lord, He blesses me with prosperity, honor and long life. Okay, last one. My promotion, growth and increase comes from God. It is God who makes room for my promotion. As I submit to the Lord, He exalts me in His time. It is God who sets me in places of leadership, authority and influence. Amen. Praise God. So as we declared, as we believe and as we declare, may the Lord do unto us and may we experience the fruit of what we declared. I propose that even 21 also says death and life are in the power of the tongue and those who love it will delight in its fruit or will experience the fruit. So may we experience what we just declared in our own lives. Let's pray. Father, we thank you for your word. We thank you for the power of your word.  And we thank you, Lord, that you've given us the privilege and the opportunity to speak your word. You've instructed us to speak your word, Lord, over our cells, Lord, over our families, over our situations, Lord.  We thank you for the power of your word. We thank you for, Lord, you are bringing it to pass in our own lives. Lord, may each one of us experience the power and walk in the reality of what we just declared right now. Yes, Lord, we give you all the praise. We give you all the glory. In Jesus' matchless name we pray. Amen. Amen. Okay. In the last class, we looked at some of the hindrances. We've been looking at financials to which we look at things that might come in the way, that might hinder us, that might be a blockage for us. We have an enemy who's an accuser, we have an enemy who's a devourer, and several other things we looked at, which could come. We have wrong motives, wrong attitudes towards finances, wrong understanding. If there is insufficient effort, all this goes against, in a way, what God's plan is for our lives. And we have the ability. So today, let's look at some of the principles that God has already set in place. When it comes to prosperity, when it comes to growth, increase in success that he wants for our lives, we see that, you know, there are some things that he has already set in place, or principles that he's put in place. So when we look at the world principle itself, right, let me just I'm sorry I just lost you guys a bit. Can you hear me now? Sorry, just checking. Yes, but there had been interruptions. There was, oh, it right throughout, is it? Most. Oh, okay, I see, okay, okay. Right. Okay, so can you see what I've put up in the chat, or is the chat cleaned up? We can see most. You can see, okay, fine. So principle, you know, when you look at the word principle itself, it means that it's a it's a fundamental thing. It's a proposition or an assertion, right, a statement that one makes, which is a foundation for either a system of belief, behavior, you know, a pattern of reasoning, etc. It's a principle. So God has put down certain principles that are foundation for, for, you know, for success, foundation for this whole idea of growth and increase and prosperity in our lives. So he has put down some principles in his word. So it's good for, okay, here you see. So all of us, we are invited to, I mean, the reason for God giving us his principle is that, you know, he invites us to live by them. And it's an opportunity for us to put to practice and see the fruit of it, right, enjoy the fruit of it in our own lives, right, you know, as, as he's given us principles in touching all other areas of life. So also when it comes to finances, when it comes to success and growth, okay.  We pray, we dedicate, we consecrate. And then what happens is that we, we try to operate or we try to do it the way the world does it. Okay. Now, the thing is, with God, there is no darkness. He's good. He's holy. He's righteous. He does not bring in a mixture of righteous and unrighteousness. Like, he does not bring in a mixture of light and darkness. Like, because this is his nature, you know, he does not lead us in parts of unrighteousness. He does not do anything. His principles are righteous and holy, right. So when we, when we try to mix that with the principle of the world, the principles of the world or the ways of the world, which are, you know, opposite of what God says or what God does, which is totally opposite of God's nature. And when we desire to have success, that is where we have problems. Like, we run into problems because we're trying to, you know, mix and match or we're trying to pick and choose. And then, and then we have problems, right. So, so if we are dedicating ourselves to God and if we are deciding that we want to do it God's way, then we need to operate things or do things according to his principles, right. His ways, his will, his word. So let's look at a few of that. Okay. So this is what God says. Isaiah 55, this is 811. When we see that God, this is what he says, you know, he says, my thoughts are not your thoughts. My ways are not your ways. So his thoughts, his way of doing things, are not ours. His ways are higher than the earth is, so are, as the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher. He says, and my thoughts, then your thoughts. For as the rain comes down and the snow from heaven and do not return there, but water the earth and make it drink forth and bud, that it may give seed to the sower and bread to the eater, so shall my word be that goes forth from my, goes forth from my mouth. It shall not return to me void or empty or useless, but it shall accomplish or achieve what I please. It shall prosper, it shall be successful in the thing for which I sent it. So the Lord releases his ways. So he's talking about a few things here. You know, the verses before that actually talks about the wicked man. It talks about let the wicked man forsake his thoughts and the unrighteous his ways. Let me just read that also. So we know the context in which it's, you know, this verse is, this instruction has been given, seek the Lord while he may be found. That is verse 6. And then verse 7, let the wicked forsake his way and the unrighteous man his thoughts. Let him return to the Lord and he will have mercy on him and to our God and for he will abundantly pardon. For my thoughts are not your thoughts. So he's talking, he's still talking about the wicked man.  So he's talking about the wicked, he's talking about the unrighteous person. And then he's comparing, you know, himself and he says, the Lord says, my thoughts are not your thoughts, nor are my ways your ways. Right? So he's talking about his ways, God's thoughts, God's ways, God's will, his way of doing things is very different from the wicked, from the unrighteous. And so he's saying, you know, let the wicked discard, forsake his way and the unrighteous, forsake his thoughts, unrighteous man, his thoughts. So it's very clear that God's ways are different from the ways of the world. His ways are righteous, his ways are holy. And he says, you know, very, very clearly he says, this is what my word does, right? The purpose for which I send the word, it will not, it will fulfill, right? When I release my word, it will fulfill. And we see right from the beginning, right? In Genesis, we see, he speaks, he creates and the scripture over and over again says, he said it and it was so. He spoke it and it was so. And that's our God, the power of his word, creative, changing, life transforming. So God says, this will be, this is how my word is, so shall my word be, that goes forth from my mouth. So when we're looking at his word, when we're looking at his principles, we can be sure that, yes, God's word is powerful, God's principles and his way, his principles reflect his character, right? So when we carry out something, first of all, to identify and to make sure, okay, it is the principle that has its foundation and scripture, okay? So these are, so we know for sure that, yes, this is something that God backed up by God. This is something that has his approval. And this is something that is in line with his character and nature, right? And we go ahead and carry it out knowing fully well that his word is powerful, that his word will not return to him empty or futile or unsuccessful, but it will always achieve and accomplish the reason for which he released it. So with that understanding and with that faith and confidence, we can go ahead and do it, okay? So well, it will not be a shortcut. It will sometimes, it does not happen that instant success or it's definitely not a shortcut, but it will achieve the purpose for which God releases it, the purpose for which he established it, okay? Let's look at a few other scriptures. Okay, Joshua 1, we looked at right now. Let's look at Isaiah 48 and verses 17 and 18, okay? Isaiah 48, 17.   So we see here the Lord's desire and intent to teach us to profit, okay?   I'm teaching you to benefit, I'm teaching you to profit, and I'm the Lord who leads you by the way you should go. So in other words, he's saying, I teach you to profit, I also teach you the method, right? The way you should go in order to reach that end, in order to reach that objective.   Unending, just wave upon wave and your righteousness like the waves of the sea, your shalom, your righteousness, it'll just be flowing, it'll be unending, but I wish you had heeded my commandments. I wish you had heeded my commandments. So this is the Lord's, you know, the Lord's desire and this is what he intends to do Isaiah 48, very clear, talks about that. Eutronomy 29 also, you know, a similar verse, let's go there. Eutronomy 29 and verse 9. Eutronomy 29 and verse 9. Therefore keep the words of this covenant and do them that you may prosper in all that you do, okay? Keep the words of this covenant and do them.  Actually do it so that you may prosper in all that you do, okay? So see, so which means that God's principles, God's covenant, God's ways are really to benefit us, to help us, to reach our, you know, objectives, to reach and accomplish our objectives, right? And they are powerful enough. It's many times we think, no, it seems very simple, the Word of God, it seems too straightforward, right? I wish there were some twists and turns, too straightforward, too truthful, no manipulation, right? No hidden agenda. Will this really accomplish the purpose, right? But the fact is that because it is simple, because it is, it is from Him who spoke things into existence and because it has intrinsic power, it is powerful, it's alive, it is well able, knowing who speaks it, knowing who gives it to us, the Word of God, the principles of God, the ways of God are well able to accomplish. God is well able to accomplish, His principles are well able to accomplish and take us to the destiny that He intends for us, right? So never be in doubt about that, never be in doubt about the principles of God and for some of those of us who are maybe in business or who have been working professionals and, you know, we know the heat of that, you know, the challenge or heat of that trial, right? And the pressures that we might have faced, right? The pressure to compromise, right? So I'm sure sometimes that pressure would have been very, very unrelenting over and over and over again because you wanted to reach the objective, you wanted to perform well, you wanted to make sure the goals are reached, you know, the work goals, the business goals, everything. And the pressure can be unrelenting to compromise on God's standards, right? To compromise on His ways.  Right? But the fact is, knowing who God is, knowing who says and who asks us to do it, you know, we can go fully, go forward in faith and do it. Okay, let's read another scripture, 1 Kings chapter 2, David's instructions, right? First things, chapter 2 and verses 1, 1, 2, and 3. So it says, now the days of David drew near that he should die, and he charged Solomon and his son saying, I go the way of all the, all the earth, be strong therefore and prove yourself a man and keep the charge of the Lord your God to walk in His ways, to keep His statutes, His commandments, His judgments, and His testimonies, as it is written in the law of Moses, that you may prosper in all that you do and wherever you turn. It says that the Lord may fulfill His word, which He spoke concerning me. So this is the promise of God. And people knew it. People understood it, knew the importance of it. Now, this is some of His last words, right? So it's coming to the end of His life, and He wants His son to do well. And here is the emphasis, here is the weight of the, you know, some of these, the last words are important because, you know, it's like, He knows the time is short and He wants to communicate something which is very, very important. So it's obviously, it's very important. And this is what He says. He says, keep the charge of the Lord, the statutes, the commands, the testimonies, and His judgments to walk in His ways, as it is written, that you may prosper in all that you do, wherever you turn. So we can understand the weight of all this, and we can carry it out.  Now, they may not necessarily be in line with the Word of God. I mean, this ends the principles of the world, may not necessarily be in line with the Word of God. But God's principles will ensure that, you know, His righteousness is established and the success or whatever the objectives are, they are reached. So let's look at a few of those things that He has already established. He wants us as believers to reach out and take a firm grip of. The first thing we see is that, you know, to put God first, Matthew chapter 6, verse 33, seek first the kingdom of God and His righteousness, and all these things shall be added unto you. So seek first God and kingdom of God, which means the rule of God, the domain of God, the reign of God, seek first the kingdom of God and His righteousness. So which means don't compromise on integrity, don't compromise on the nature of God or the righteousness of God, don't compromise on it. Many times we compromise because we think that we will lose out. What if I'm not successful? What if I lose out? What if I get the second best? The way of the world seems to be very compelling, so manipulative, so cutthroat. So, you know, it's like it's so aggressive, right? But we can be aggressive in our faith, we can be aggressive in our stand, and we can really dig deep, anchor ourselves and say, no, I will not, I will not change. I'm going to seek God's rule and reign in this matter. I'm going to seek the kingdom of God in this particular matter, seek the kingdom of God, invite His rule and reign in this situation, in this circumstance. I'm going to seek Him. And all these things shall be added into you. And of course, we know this whole, you know, this passage, he's talking about not worrying about what you will eat, not worrying about what you will drink or about food and clothing and so on, right? So not worrying about it, right? So, and in the same way, in the same passage, in the same line of thought, he says, all these things will be added, right? But you seek first. So you need to seek God first, you know, He's going to make a way, He's going to make maybe, He's going to provide in many different ways, right? Through a job, through an assignment, through a project, through people, through His amazing, maybe kindness of God and favor of God, miraculous ways, supernatural ways, I mean, He knows how to do it. But it's also through human effort, it's also through, you know, employment and work. So never forget that, right? But seek first His kingdom, meaning His rule and His reign in life circumstances, in situations, right? Okay, let's look at a few other scriptures. And then probably we'll just see, you know, maybe you can share, how do I put God first, some practical ways that I can put God first, so that we understand it better. Okay, second chronicles and 26 verse five, He sought God out in the days of Zachariah, who had understanding in the visions of God. And as long as He sought the Lord, God made Him prosper.  So it's talking about, I think it's talking about King Uzziah, right? He was 16 years old and He sought God in the days of Zachariah, who had understanding in the visions of God. And as long as He sought the Lord, God made Him prosper. And it says the very same thing, which the Lord Jesus spoke about, seek the kingdom of God, and all these things shall be added. Okay, but if you go down to verse 16, right, we see that something tragic, right? Something tragic happening to Uzziah because of his pride and, you know, it says here verse 16, but when he was strong, his heart was lifted up to his destruction, for he transgressed against the Lord, his God, by entering the temple of the Lord, to burn incense on the altar of the Lord.  So, cut off from the house of the Lord. So, you know, that's what he tried to do, you know, he tried to go and burn incense, which was set aside for the priests to do. And then he sinned in that manner. And he sinned because his heart was lifted up. He was proud and arrogant and so on. So, but we see two different things here. As long as he sought the Lord, he did what was right. The previous verse talks about that. He did what was right in the sight of the Lord, according to all that his father, Amaziah, had done. And he sought the Lord. So, this is, so, which means I need to put God first, make God priority. Now, that's a precept, that's a principle in his word. Okay, put God first.  You know, some examples, some thoughts, which will be useful for us.  You know, how can you put God first in your life in that situation?  Or we can even talk about, you know, some things that didn't happen yet, right? Because of putting God first, but we can talk about that also. So, anyone? You can go ahead and share. Subashish, Lubega, Lealama, John, Nicholson, Nikki, anyone?  I'll give you a minute to think about it. Okay? And then you can come back. So, as you're, you know, thinking about it, let's get next principle. Okay, I'll just share that, and then we'll come back to this. Because I think that it's, it's important. We sometimes think, okay, okay, I need to put God first, but, but how do I do it, right? Well, how do I do it in, in life's situation? I think if we, if we talk about that, then it'll be easier, you know, or this is how I do it. Okay, it's not about just reading scripture and say, seek first the kingdom of God, but then in reality, this is what it looks like. Right? So, yeah. Okay, so I will come back to this, but I just want you guys to, you know, share something from your life. It should be useful for the entire class. Okay. So second thing that we see is that doing what God wants you to be doing. Okay. So, which means that I do, it's, it's, it's a natural progression, right? I'm doing God's, I mean, I'm putting God first, I'm putting him right at the top in my list of priorities.  It just goes without saying that I need to do or live out what he wants me to do and in the way he wants me to do it. Okay. So God's will, we know God's will does not contradict his word. Okay. God's word, God's will, they do not contradict his, you know, in any way. God's word is his will. That is, God's, when you say God's will, God's wish or desire, right? There are certain things that we know will happen in God's time, in God's, you know, what he is, how he's willed it, second coming, and, you know, he is, he has the timetable, he has the schedule. Okay. There are certain things that he desires for us that is dependent on our will, on our obedience. So, but this is his desire and it's based on his word, which is based on truth, his principles, precepts, right, and which is his way, right, which means his character, his way of doing things. It's, so it's all together. So, his desire is that we do it. Okay. The way he wants us to do it and what he wants us to be doing. Okay. Because what he wants us to do has our, you know, one is, of course, we fulfilled his plan. We fulfilled the plan and purpose of God. Okay. The reason for which he has brought us, placed us, trained us, equipped us, everything gets fulfilled. And we also know that in doing so, you know, it is for our good. It is for our good. We know that he cares, we know that he's the heavenly Father. So, it is everything comes together. Let's look at one scripture and then we'll stop Genesis 39. Genesis 39 and verse two. The Lord was with Joseph and he was a successful man and he was in the house of the Lord of his master, the Egyptian. Okay. So, here was Joseph. He was, we know what happened. He was sold as a slave. He's here in Egypt, cut off from his family and any other, you know, that influence. He's far away. But who was with him was the Lord. Right. And because of that, he did what was right in God's eyes. You know, he did what God wanted him to do. He kept away from things that God did not want him to do. And it says here that he was a successful man. Okay. We go down to verse 23. Even in, even in, you know, in a different environment, here it's a prison. It says the keeper of the prison did not look into anything that was under Joseph's authority. Okay. So, you see, excuse me, in different environments, in different circumstances, success was part and parcel of his life. Right. Because his choices were dependent. His choices were influenced by God, God wanted. Because he makes it very clear. When he says, when he refutes Potiphar's wife, and this is what he says, right. He refused, that is verse eight, but he refused and said to his master's wife, look, my master does not know what is with me in the house. And he has committed all that he has to my hand. There is no one greater in this house than I, nor has he kept back anything from me, but you, because you are his wife. How then can I do this great wickedness and sin against God? Okay. So his perspective was always that in doing this, am I doing according to God's ways and will? In not doing this, am I doing it because God does not want me to do it? So he says, you know, how can I do this great wickedness and sin against God? Okay. So verse 23, the keeper of the prison did not look into anything that was under Joseph's authority because the Lord was with him. And whatever he did, the Lord made it prosper. So prosperity, success coming from God. Right. So yeah, so let's go back. I think that's had sufficient time to think. So this let me, maybe you can just share about putting God first. I'm sorry, I think I lost the network there and came back. So yeah, I see Nicky's got his hand also, Abu Bakr. So yeah, maybe Nicky can share first, followed by Abu Bakr. So I have shared this before, but I just make it quick. I mean, instance for our life, we were in a position in Bangalore, where we had to, we felt like that we should leave from Bangalore, which is a very well established city in India to another place called Karwar, where my wife or my skill sets were not applicable in any way. So it was very interesting that we felt like to do that. But we obeyed God and we were also in the time of starting our own business. So we had worked really hard and we were in a point where I would start my studio. She would start us alone. And that's when the Lord said get up and move, which was new to us, but we did it anyway. And it was hard, I would say it was the first few months was a lot of breaking of my own mentality, pride, and because we felt like we achieved it on our own. But God was faithful. Then three months down there in Karwar, we gave up. We said, you know what, God, we're going back to you. So we went back to God and said, do whatever you want, we'll just obey. And so the salary wise, I was getting about one third of water was getting in Bangalore because business is not as much required here than in Bangalore. But miraculously, we were saving, we had more than enough. And it's very contradictory to Bangalore where we had a lot of money, but we are not saving, we are spending everything. And it's very different. But just putting God's will before anything else and just obeying, we've seen, now we've been here for three years. And after two years, we were ordained as pastors of the church, which we never thought will ever happen. So it's a very long story in short, just obeying God's word and following his plans and purposes changed everything for us. So yeah, that's what I would say. Yeah, praise God. Awesome. So yeah, so it's definitely not a very comfortable ride in the sense it's, you know, I guess, knowing Nikki and Benita, you know, it stretched them. I'm sure it pushed them to the very edge where they had to, you know, hold on to God. But then his plans and purposes coming together and something beautiful, something wonderful. Right. Thanks, Nikki. Thanks. So I just wanted to add, we made it uncomfortable for ourselves. I mean, what I mean is if we had just had faith and let God work, I'm sure it had been easier much, much before. Now we completely trust in God, but we over complicated it and try to do our own thing. So it's easier just resting in God's purpose. Yeah. Right. Thank you. Okay. Anyone else? I think it was a worker, right? Go ahead. Yes, sir. The way, putting God first to the level of my understanding and the way I'm participating I believe that if you want to put God first, you must, God must be the first person to talk with when you wake up in the morning. Commit yourself into the hands of the Lord by praying, talk to your God, ask the Holy Spirit to direct you, direct your way for that day. So that's what I'm doing. I will wake up before I talk to anybody. I'll first talk to my God. I mean, anything that I want to do on that day, I put it under his control, under his control, to guide me, to lead me through, to teach me what to do. Even if I want to, I'm a teacher, I'm teaching a secondary school. I see. I normally ask God to teach me what to teach my students. To God be the glory, I'm one of the best teachers in my school because all the students they love listening to my teaching. I put God, that's my own understanding. I never want to do anything about anything in my life. I will ask God first, do I do it or I do not do it. And if I'm doing it, I see that I'm strongly, I will ask God, am I doing what you want me to do? Because I'm not asking you to do that, I will stop. I will ask God, what do you want me to do? And I will go for God instruction. So that's how I live my life and I'm enjoying God. So that's my own confusion. Okay. Thank you for your work. That was the inspiring. The first person to talk to, or the first activity itself is communing with God, communicating with God, getting to talk to him and to hear what he has to say. That's a very practical way again of putting God first, asking him. Yeah, amazing. Anyone else? Yeah, sure. So John Paul, followed by Paul, you go too. Yeah. So when I was working in a secular job before, what I used to do is I used to have a document which named as my declaration at workplace. So I go to the office, read it out. There were challenging times, you know, targets to, it was impossible to achieve. But I kept on declaring that almost every day, the first thing when I opened the laptop. And miraculously, it all worked out. And when I was resigning from my secular work, I got good feedback from managers saying that you carry a lot of spirituality and a positive energy with you. That's what they usually call it. And I praise God because it's not, I truly, when I look back, I see it's not my ability, but God made me to do it. And also in finding a life partner, I always trusted God in helping, you know, getting to getting to get a person who is in God's will and plan and truly trusted God in every aspect. And I now see the blessing of God in that area. Wow. Thank you. Thank you, John. Yeah. It's so good. Yeah. Paul, would you like to share? Paul Evo too. I think we have a minute. Paul, can you hear me? I think you just need to unmute and share. Yes, I can hear you. Yeah, go ahead, Paul. For me, what I do, yes, for me in the area of my finances, I make sure I'm a faithful tither. Yeah. Everything I get, every money I get, I obey the command of paying tithes. And then also in my office, whenever I enter, before I do anything, I first pray, I dedicate the office to God. So that is how I do it. Thank you. Wow. Thank you so much. So useful. So we see that these principles need to translate into everyday things, just pull some things are well-charging, but we, that's how we, that's how we allegedly obey and do it. And then we will see good success. Thank you for sharing. So we'll close here. And yeah, so all the very best. Have a great weekend. God bless you guys. And even as we go forward, let's, whatever we learn, let's put it in practice. Okay. Thank you. God bless. Bye-bye.


Hi, this is a video discussing a brief algebra view of exponential and logarithmic functions. First, exponential functions. These are functions of the form y equals b times a to the x. The key component that makes something exponential is that the variable x is an exponent. b has to be greater than 0 and a cannot equal 0. So what defines exponential function is your variables and the exponent. When the base a is greater than 1, that means we have an increasing exponential function or exponential growth, as it's called. When a is between 0 and 1, well, that means we have exponential decay, which is a purely decreasing function. Now the log function is of the form y equals log base a of x. It is the inverse of the exponential function. That means if you take the exponential function and you switch the x and y values, they switch places, you'll get the log function. Now, there's an easy way to convert from log to exponential form. So if you have y equals log base a of x, notice that whenever I pronounce my log function, a is called the base. So think about it this way. It's all about the base. a is your base. In exponential form, a will be needing an exponent. So if a is hanging out with x in log form, that means a will be hanging out with the other component y in exponential form. So at the end of the day, you get a to the y equals and now x is all by itself. So a to the y equals x. That's how you convert from log to exponential form. Remember, it's all about the base. Now, just as a little fyi, we cannot take the log of numbers less than or equal to zero. They have to be quantities strictly positive. So let's get some practice. Convert to exponential form. So remember what I said. It's all about the base. So start off, circle the base a. a is hanging with four in log form. That means a will be hanging with five in exponential form. So that means you get four equals a to the fifth. Or you could say a to the fifth equals four. Either format is correct or okay. Next, natural log of six equals y. Instead of the LOG log, this is the natural log. What's so special about the natural log is that it always has a base of E, which is Euler's constant. E is approximately 2.718. So okay, circle your base E. E is hanging with six in log form. E hangs out with y in exponential form. So you get six equals e to the y. Now, just a little note here that when there is no base indicated, the base value of the LOG log function is always 10. Remember, that's when there's no base indicated. And it'll always be E for the natural log function. So it'll always be E for ln natural log. Now, we can also convert from exponential form to log form. So remember, it's still all about the base. The base is E in exponential form. That means I will be dealing with LOG or ln. Anytime you see E, that's ln. The base is E. What's gonna go inside the log? Will it be B or will it be nine? Well, if E is hanging with B in exponential form, E will be hanging out with nine in log form. So natural log of nine equals B. There's no need to write the E as the base because it's understood that natural log always has a base of E. Therefore, natural log of nine equals B. Next in part B, you have the variable A. Base is A. A to the fourth equals 24. So this means that LOG, the base is A of 24 equals 4. So that is converting from exponential to log form.  First things first, to solve a LOG equation. LOG equation means that the variable was contained within a LOG. You will convert the equation to exponential form. So I'll put a little note here that says convert to exponential form. So similar to what we did on the previous slide. So identify your base. It's three. The quantity 4x minus 7 is contained within your LOG. Three is gonna go to the other side of the equation and become the base for two. So the base will be three, the exponent will be two. So 4x minus 7, the quantity inside the LOG is by itself, and then you have equal to three squared. 4x minus 7 equals 9, and it's your job from this point forward to solve for x. So nothing too fancy here. Solving a basic linear equation now, where I add seven to both sides, and then divide both sides by four. Finally, I get x equals four. Now, an exponential equation means that the variable is in the exponent. So 2x minus one, the variable x is in the exponent. So what we need to do is isolate this exponential piece, this base and this power by adding one to both sides. So we'll get e to the 2x minus one equals six. Now one strategy that can be used is take the LOG of both sides of the exponential equation. So natural log of e to the 2x minus one equals natural log of six. Now, what happens here is when you're taking natural log of e, this is a fact, the natural log of e is equal to one. So what that means here is natural log of e to the 2x minus one is equal to 2x minus one. It's one of the cool facts of LOGs. You're taking the natural log of e, whatever the power is on e, becomes what the expression simplifies to. So natural log of e will simply become 2x minus one equals natural log of six. Our goal now is to isolate x by adding one to both sides of the equation. You cannot combine the six and the one. You cannot combine. You cannot combine the natural log of six plus one. These are separate terms. There's a log term then there's a plus one term. So the last thing you can do is divide both sides by two. So that means I get x equals natural log of six plus one divided by two. This is an exact answer, whereas an approximate answer, if you use your calculator, around the three decimal places would be 1.396. So you have an exact answer versus an approximate answer. And usually they'll tell you which one they want. Sometimes it's both. There are also some cool properties which log functions possess. For instance, property one tells me that if I'm taking the log of a product, I can split it up as to some of two individual LOGs. The log of a product equals the sum of the LOGs. We call this property the product property. For example, the log base 3 of 7x equals the log base 3 of 7 plus the log base 3 of x. Multiplication becomes addition among separate LOGs. Property two will be often referred to as the quotient property. It tells you what to do when you have division within a LOG. Well, it just means that you turn division into subtraction of individual LOGs. The log of a quotient equals the difference of the LOGs. So if you have log base 9 of y over 4, it's equal to log base 9 of y minus you have division log base 9 of 4. And lastly, we have property 3, perhaps the most interesting property of all. That's saying if you have a power within a LOG, so within a LOG, you have a base m to a power r, you can bring that power out front of the LOG. The log of a power equals the product of the power and the LOG. So if you have log base 4 of x cubed, you're allowed to take that power within on the base in the LOG, on the quantity in the LOG, and you're allowed to bring that power out front. It's pretty cool. So we will now use properties of LOGs to write the following as a single logarithm. So what this means is that we will take many LOGs and turn them into one. So some things we can do. When you're condensing, when you're writing as a single LOG, you want to take care of property 3, the power property first. So we're kind of using the properties backwards here. I start with multiple LOGs. I want to get back to 1. So the first thing you can do is you can take that 4 out front of the LOG and you can put it in the exponent of 3. So you have log base a of 7 plus log base a of 3 to the 4th. And if you evaluate 3 to the 4th, you'll actually get 81. So okay, I took the number out front of the LOG, made it the power. Now you have addition of 2 LOGs, I want to write this as 1 LOG. So what's going to happen to the 7 and 81? When you write them in 1 LOG, you multiply them together. So you have LOG base a of course is equal to 567. And that's writing 2 LOGs as 1. It's a similar story in example 5, except notice now we have 2 numbers out front of each of our natural LOGs. So we will move those 2s to the powers of the quantities within the LOGs. So you get natural LOG of 8 squared minus natural LOG of x squared. That's by property number 3. Property 3. Well, that means you get natural LOG of 64 minus natural LOG of x squared. You now have subtraction among 2 LOGs. You want to know how does this look when we write 64 and x squared in 1 LOG? Well, subtraction is associated with division. Natural LOG, natural LOG 64 over x squared. Now let's actually expand some LOGs. When we expand LOGs, we're taking 1 LOG and turning it into many. So it's the reverse of what we just did. There means you will do property 3 last. So first, in example 6, you will have to use property 2 to take that division within a LOG and break it up into 2 LOGs. So you get LOG base 2 of a minus LOG base 2 of b squared, which means lasting you want to do since we took 1 LOG and wrote it as 2. The very last step would be to use property 3 and bring down the power. We will bring down the power of 2 within our second LOG, bring it out front. So that's how you fully take 1 LOG and turn it into more than 1. Lastly, in example 7, you have multiplication between x and e to the x. We want to write this as 2 LOGs. So I have natural LOG of x. Multiplication becomes addition plus natural LOG of e to the x. Now we talked about a property previously. So this was property 1 we applied first. We talked about a property previously that said if you have a natural LOG with the e contained within the LOG itself, remember we already know we have a base of e, but the quantity inside the LOG is also e. That means the natural LOG and the e cancel out, leaving you with x or whatever the exponent is. That's a final simplified answer. Now if you're curious to know a little bit more about the derivatives of the e to the x function, exponential function and natural LOG of x, well the derivative of e to the x is just that. It's e to the x. Of course there will be a chain rule that we have to worry about shortly, but we won't worry about that right now. And then if you have the natural LOG function, the derivative is 1 over x, or more accurately 1 over what is inside the natural LOG. So just a little bit of practice here to get us warmed up is when you take the derivative of our function f of x here, you have 200x. Well that's something we're used to seeing. The derivative of 200x is 200. The derivative of 3 to e to the x is 3. You guessed it. e to the x. So that's kind of fun. Now part b, your function f of x equals 200 minus 3 natural LOG of x. 200 becomes 0 because it's a constant. Minus 3, what's the derivative of natural LOG of x? It's 1 over the inside. So 1 over x. So that means you'll get f prime of x equals minus 3 over x. Of course it's always going to be that simple because the chain rule is going to come and haunt us. So in an exponential function, we apply the chain rule to the exponent. For a natural LOG function, we apply the chain rule to the inside of the natural LOG. So just to kind of let you see this in perspective and we'll get more practice with this later, but you see 3e to the 5x squared plus 4x followed by the term minus 2x squared. Well the derivative still going to be 3e to the whatever the exponent is. That will never change. But the chain rule, the chain rule applied to the exponent, that's my chain rule, take the derivative of 5x squared plus 4x, you'll get 10x plus 4. That's your chain rule. Lastly, you have your minus 2x squared, which is just a term that we're used to differentiating to get minus 4x. This is actually an acceptable form of the final answer. Please note that that 10x plus 4 that resulted from the chain rule just multiplies with the 3 and the base e. Lastly, in part b, we have f of x equals square root of x. Remember that's really x to the half power plus 3 natural LOG plus 3 natural LOG of 9x minus 2. We will first take the derivative of x to the half power or square root of x. You get 1 half x to the negative 1 half. Then you have plus 3. We have to think what is the derivative of natural LOG of 9x minus 2? Well, first it's 1 over what's inside, but then you got to apply the chain rule to that inside. So what's the derivative of 9x minus 2? It's 9. We will write this answer maybe a little bit neater. I'm fine with the 1 half x to the negative 1 half. But if you want, you can multiply 3 by 9 to get 27 over 9x minus 2. That's an introduction about the derivatives of the exponential and natural LOG function. Exponential with base e and natural LOG. Thanks for watching.


Welcome to the Australian National University and to this event launching the ANU Southeast Asia Institute. My name is Robert Creweb. I'm the convener of the Institute. Before we begin proceedings, I'd like to acknowledge and celebrate the first Australians on whose traditional lands we meet and to pay respects on behalf of all of us to the elders of the Ngunnawal people past and present. Today's event will commence with a lecture by a distinguished guest and to introduce him I invite to the podium Professor Andrew McIntyre, Dean of the ANU College of Asia and Pacific. Thank you Robert. Dr Surin colleagues are wonderful to have so many people here this evening. It's a particular pleasure for me to introduce Dr Surin Abdul Halim bin Ismail bin Swann and to have him here to launch our new Southeast Asia Institute. I think it's fair to say that Surin is probably one of the most internationally well-known Southeast Asians going round in the world today. But it's not his fame and celebrity status that make him so appropriate for the role that he's here today for. It's the combination of experiences and achievements over the course of his life that make him so well suited because if anyone can lay claim to having not just great national credentials in Southeast Asia but great Southeast Asian credentials, it's surely Surin. Heading from Southern Thailand Surin has a strong Islamic and Malay heritage even while growing up in a family integrated into the broad spectrum of Thai society. He studied at both Tummasut and Clermont-Benkenna before undertaking his masters and doctorate at Harvard. Locals will be amused that the Silver Fox is claiming some credit for this. He says he helped Surin along in some way but as we know the Silver Fox claims credit for lots of things. He's been a researcher and a teacher at Tummasut and American University in both Cairo and Washington, D.C. where appropriately enough he taught a course in Southeast Asian Affairs. He was also academic assistant to the dean at Tummasut, Lucky Dean and vice-rector at Tummasut, Lucky Rector before parliamentary career called him on. He entered parliament in 1986 and amongst a whole range of roles. He served as deputy leader of the Democratic Party and foreign minister from 97 to 2001 which by my reckoning up to that point must have been one of the longest serving foreign ministers in Thai political history or modern Thai political history. And it was while he was serving as foreign minister he started to take on major Southeast Asian roles in particular chairing the ASEAN Regional Forum from 1999 to 2000 and it was in that capacity as chair of the ASEAN Regional Forum that he played such a critical role in mobilising support around Southeast Asia for participation in and with the UN peacekeeping operations in East Timor. And this was truly a significant change in the dynamics of international relations around Southeast Asia to see that sort of engagement by other governments in a domestic matter or what began as a domestic matter. And of course as we all know him today he serves now as secretary-general of ASEAN itself. If I look at Surin's life such as I understand it, what stands out for me is it's a life of ideas, it's a life of action, it's a life of compassion both within and across Southeast Asian borders both formal borders and informal borders. If anyone can lay claim to being a Southeast Asian today it's surely Dr Surin, colleagues Dr Surin. Thank you very much Professor McIntyre. As I recall the only relationship I have with Jim Fox was we courted the same graduate student. Both of us lost. But colleagues, students, ladies and gentlemen it is a great great honour for me to stand in front of you at the launch of this institute. And I just say that congratulations A&U for discovering Southeast Asia. We have discovered you long, long time ago. But I think it is good that you would put all the resources, both the human and the books and the literature that you have, the experiences that you have, the sentiments and the engagement with the region that you have into one centre. So from now on you can focus and you can make a contribution on the evolution of that region of the world which is extremely important to you, very contiguous to you and certainly a bridge and a centre of gravity, centre of action now. When I was asked to serve as Secretary General of RCM back in 2008 precisely I look at the landscape and I thought I have established enough of the connectivity, enough of the connections, enough of the relations that I could promote Southeast Asia RCM not only in its own consolidation and building of our community but certainly with the various major dialogue partners that have been part of our evolution all along since 1967. For your information Australia is the first dialogue partner that ASEAN has established with anybody. In the year 2014 you will be celebrating the 40th anniversary of your dialogue partnership with us. And this dialogue partnership is something that is very uniquely ASEAN. It is not only the 10 countries but it is the relationship with the dialogue partners that help us grow, evolve and are able to establish ourselves in this new landscape of growth of dynamism called East Asia. We began in a reverse order from the European Union. The European Union began with major powers, major economies working on functional issues. Trying to avoid war, yes, but working on steel, on coal, working on energy. And then through the years the European Union, the European, whatever it is come on market have been able to bring in smaller countries to work with them. Now it is 27. ASEAN began in 1967 precisely for the reverse reason. There was an African Asia summit or meeting or pandoon conference as you remember and those major personalities somehow gave the leaders of ASEAN some pause for reflection. If we were to be dragged on to that stage, we would have lost our identity. We wouldn't be able to have our own stage, be ourselves and keep our own agenda. The like of Nasser, the like of Nehru, the like of Jo and Lai, the like of Nkrumah, the like of Tito. We remember all those personalities. ASEAN decided that we needed a forum, we needed a forum small to ourselves so that we can be ourselves. So from the very beginning the idea was not to evolve a political union because we were all different. The idea was to create a group of countries in this region so that we can coordinate some of the policies that we could not interfering in each other's internal domestic issues. So the principle of non-interference from the very beginning. Two roads, two objectives of ASEAN from the very beginning, not very well articulated but we have been able to achieve that. One is the march of democracy. Sounds very pompous but slowly opening up, slowly giving space to people, slowly civil society group, slowly the media is being more active, slowly academic freedom in all of us have been open up more and more and more and now I guess we can say that as a region it is a very, very open and dynamic. Some of us are very noisy. Indonesia and Thailand would like to describe ourselves as noisy democracies. But it is open, they are open and now we are. So from 1967 most of us were very central. Most of us were authoritarian, cannot comment. The person who conceived of the idea of ASEAN served under the military rule. Sarit and Tano. I think Professor Reynolds would remember that. That generation would remember that. I'm not saying that you are old, Professor Reynolds, where are you? So you know, we began with a very centralized set of countries. Now many of us have opened up. Some of us are doing better, doing more than others. But on the road of opening up, of participation, of at least adopt the instruments of market economy and flourish as a result. The other one is economic development for sure. From 1967 until now you would have given us some credit. For accomplishment, for success in the economic management together. The Japanese came in the 60s, in the 70s. The Taiwanese came, the Koreans came. Looking for a place where natural resources were abundant, cheap labor. But at the same time, they could relocate what they call sunset industries to all parts of the world. That's how it began. And then we ourselves started with import substitution industries. Industries that would produce products that we need for our own market. Slowly those countries who came to invest began to use us as production base for export. Prosperity has been achieved step by step. To the point where we are considered a middle income region. Except Singapore and Brunei, they are above that. But middle income and doing quite well, attractive to a lot of investors. So the dual purposes of ASEAN from the beginning, we have pretty much achieved and successful in the two objectives. Opening up the governance, the political structure and economic prosperity. The model of growth of all of us from the beginning was capital from outside to invest in us. Technology from outside to come to power those factories. Management came from outside toward the end we produced for the outside market. But that formula at work has served us well. And now we are in the process of trying to figure out how not to be caught in this middle income trap. Which is labor intensive, outside technology, outside management, abundant resources. We are no longer abundant. Labor is no longer cheap. We can't compete with India and China on that model. So all ten of us now working feverishly trying to find a way out of this trap. Meaning we have to invest more in the technology, in the science, in the development, in the innovation. In trying to manage our economies in a way that we would be able to absorb all the elements from the region and from the global community. And be able to produce effectively both goods and services for the global market. The reason that has kept us together is that very much competing with the global community, competing with China, competing with India at this point. In the 80s there was a phrase coming out of our leaders. India and China are sucking out oxygen from Southeast Asia investment. So we adopted a new strategy and that is consolidate among ourselves. Make sure that this is a 600 million consumers market, one integrated market, one production base and competitive among the emerging markets together. And are able to integrate ourselves seamlessly into the global market place. Those are the four elements that we have been working on. For our economic community, one integrated market, competitive, equitable among ourselves. In other words there's not too big a gap, there's still a big gap among the membership and then are able to work with the world, benefit from the world, integrate into the global community. Those are the four objectives that we are working on. And dialogue partners are important because things have changed, the landscape has changed. It is no longer Southeast Asia in a distance. It is Southeast Asia that is in the middle of the growth centre of the world. So you can't ignore strategic issues. You can't ignore partners who can help you balance the contending forces or posting forces playing in the region. And that's why there is more than just establishing an ASEAN community, economic, political and socio-cultural. Consolidate ourselves, make sure that we are one production base, make sure that we are one consuming market. But also we evolve architectures of cooperation on other issues that are important to keep the region stable and secure and balanced. It was Henry Kissinger who said at the end of last century that East Asia as far as innovation, economic, prosperity, growth, East Asia is comparable to 20th century Europe. He said it at the end of last century. But as far as systems, institutions, process that would take care of any problems that could come up between them and among them and there are a lot of them. Clash points, historical baggage. He said East Asia is pretty much 19th century Europe. ASEAN has been responding to that observation. We have to create institutions, we have to create systems and processes so that contending powers into this region can find at least a fulcrum, can find a form and find a stage that somehow we can balance out their interests. That's ASEAN centrality. That's ASEAN sitting in the driver's seat. That's ASEAN trying to play that role that other major powers in the region would have difficulties playing. The Japanese would not trust the Chinese and vice versa. The Koreans would not trust the Japanese. The Indians would not trust the Chinese. Would Australia trust New Zealand? We were talking at the Foreign Ministry this morning that what's going on between Australia and Southeast Asia and ASEAN is both in the open, formal, diplomatic, recognized and the subterranean relationship. We have done a great deal, we have done a lot together. Professor McIntyre, you mentioned East Timor. Are there other things that we have worked together? In 1999, East Timor, I was in the chair. ASEAN would have been diminished in our profile, in the confidence that the international community would have for us, about us. If somehow we could not make any contribution, not ambitious enough to say that we could solve it, the fire in East Timor. But at least we have to show the world that we are willing to take part. You remember there was an apex summit in Auckland in September? Usually it would be in November, but when it came to the southern hemisphere it would be too hot. It would be in your holidays. Therefore, at that time, Prime Minister Chip Lee moved it to September. And East Timor was burned. And Australia was under pressure. And we up there were thinking there must be a way that we can help. Because this is in our backyard, this is in our conduct. But how to connect with Australia? Knowing that there is a lot of hesitation about Australia in East Timor. I'm not going to go into details. So before leaving Andrew Air Force Base, Mr. Clinton made a very, very strong statement. Appealing, pressuring Jakarta to open up. Let the international force in to help you. Mr. Howard called my Prime Minister, Chair Pasi, at that time. Please do something as Chair Pasi. Mr. Kofi Annan called from New York into Bangkok. A lot of expectation, a lot of pressure. All these things is behind the scenes. What you saw was an ASEAN decision in Auckland, saying that we would go and participate at the level, at the point, member states where we are prepared to enter. It was not an ASEAN decision. Because some of the ASEAN countries were very reluctant. We are not prepared. We are not ready. We are not going to interfere or fear that such thing would happen to them. So non-interference was sacred because we don't want you to barge into our country if something happened similar to what happened in East Timor. So I went from Auckland, I went to Jakarta. And first I was conducted to meet with General Veranto, who was the Chief of the Armed Forces. We had this to say, please come, ASEAN, Asian, come in large number. We want to see your faces in East Timor. Then I was conducted to the Presidential Palace, President Habibi. Please come. Same formula, come in large number. We want to see your friendly faces on East Timor. But he went further. Take the commandership of the international force being put together. And if you can't, give it to one of the Nordic countries. You read between the lines. You see the subtlety. What he meant without saying is, please don't give it to Australia. But he didn't have to say. And I said, Mr President, we are not going to come that large, that big. We don't have the resources. We don't have the technology. I said, discuss with the Nordic countries. Anyone would be better than Australia. He didn't say it. We were in the middle of the crisis, you remember. 1999, we were in the middle of the crisis. How could we send, in the case of Thailand, 1,800 troops, the Philippines, 1,700 troops? We had to go to the Japanese. And the Japanese asked us how much you want. He said, 50 million would be good. And the permanent representative at the UN said, give me 24 hours, I'll give you the answer tomorrow. The next morning he called us. He said, I can do better than what you asked for. Tokyo authorized me to give you 100 million. Together we were able, in our language, to put law and to re-establish law and order in East Timor. A lot of people don't know this below the surface. Dealing, discussion, planning, and coordination. And the success of East Timor, yes, Mr Macintosh. Somewhat has changed ASEAN's concept of absolute non-interference. That we could make a contribution, that we could help maintain or re-establish law and order. And it is to over-created that General Cross Grove would take a tie as his deputy. That he would give the ASEAN elements there. Some of them were just with the flight. Some of them were just with medical team. But they were there to give us the space to give us the opportunity to play our role. Not as ASEAN, but as separate neighbors. Because we couldn't use ASEAN yet at that time. Because it's not ASEAN. So a lot of these things were part and parcel of the experiences that we have gone through together. Difficult periods of our history. In the year 2000, Thailand ran a candidate for the WTO. Our deputy prime minister. Your neighbor to the south ran its own former prime minister, Mike Moore. It's the only international campaign that I'm aware of that Australia and New Zealand walk apart. Australia supported a candidate from ASEAN. New Zealand had its own candidate. Even more funny than that. It's the only international campaign that India-Pakistan came together. Supported the candidate from ASEAN. A lot of these anecdotes are important for our trust, our confidence. And forming a foundation for the relationship, for the cooperation that we have with Asia. The landscape of East Asia is full of flashbacks. Australia for the past three, four decades has been working on re-establishing your own connection with countries of Southeast Asia. As a bridge to the larger landscape of East Asia in general. Because before that, the perception was a European country happened to be in the eastern part of the globe. That was the impression from here and that was the impression from there. But when Southeast Asia grew systematically, steadily, economically, through that infusion of resources, of investment, of technology, of management, of Japan, Taiwan, Korea, and we were able to achieve our own steady growth. It was about time that Australia looked up. And we appreciate it. Something is happening that Australia would like to be a part of. That Australia sees it as a strategic advantage to be connected with that part. Going to a larger landscape of East Asia. That's when the idea of APEC came into being. Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation. It was your idea. But it was welcome. And it was supported. And it became an architecture for economic cooperation in East Asia. Later on, others joined. But my point is the sentiments, the proximity, and the timely way of which we adjust our own perceptions of each other. Help form a foundation for stronger and closer cooperation between Australia and the countries of Southeast Asia, in this case, Asia. And I hope that we will continue to be on that road. I hope that we will continue to work together on many, many other issues. A lot of issues you can't solve your own. It's human smuggling, drought, terrorism, environments, climates. All these things are issues without borders. It's issues without passports, issues without visas. And I think you have established a lot of working relationship effective with many of us up there. To make sure that some of these problems are handled and managed up there effectively. You've been working with our immigration people. You've been working with our law enforcement people. You've been working with our customs people. These are the kind of things that I think afford Australia with a lot of benefits and a lot of problems. These are the kind of things that keep Australia a lucky country because you are no longer isolated. The ocean is the connectivity. You remember what happened in Hong Kong in the late 90s? There are in 24 hours Toronto suffering from the same disease. How did it get there? Before globalization, it wouldn't get there that fast anyway. So, a lot of opportunities. A centre of new gravity. A lot of problems, a lot of challenges. We appreciate your support, your posturing and your understanding that only working together and ASEAN is that institution, that organization in the region that has been coordinating on all these issues. Discuss with defect people this morning. Of course you have your bilateral relationship, bilateral programs, bilateral activities with a lot of countries in ASEAN. But keep the ASEAN perspective in. If you help train human resources, how does this contribute to the larger frame of ASEAN? If you help infrastructure, how does this stretch up road if you want to do it? Going to help the connectivity of ASEAN. We are working on all those issues and it would be extremely helpful if our dialogue partners in Australia would also keep that in mind that there is a larger picture going on and you are going to contribute that organization, that group of countries to behave as a group to cooperate effectively managing their own problems. If they succeed, the result of that success is also going to be yours because we are not that far apart. So myself, I've been trying to tell our friends in the region that you can't keep external partners out of the region. ASEAN is in the center of the new growth center of the world. Everybody has an interest in this part of the world because we have become more important to the world than 5 years ago, than 10 years ago as a result of what's happening in Europe and North America. So it's not right, it's irrational and you can't do it. Everybody is going to come on to this landscape. The only thing that ASEAN can do is learn to handle the contending of opposing forces. And external powers rivalry in our region will play itself out on the ASEAN stage nowhere else because there's no others. You'll have to be on the ASEAN stage. And we have to learn how to manage that too. We have learned that we could maintain peace, we could maintain stability among ourselves. I couldn't imagine Southeast Asia without ASEAN. We have problems, yes. But we have not made those problems more critical or much in the open. Tonight the President of the Philippines is coming here. The Philippines has not raised the issue of Sabah because of the ASEAN spirit. You think Thailand and Cambodia are having problems? Yes, but without ASEAN it would be worse. We all appeal to the spirit of ASEAN. By the way, it's a very interesting issue, this Thailand and Cambodia. Two Buddhist countries fighting over a Hindu ruin. Here's the punchline. And I had a joke with Minister Mahdi about this. Two Muslims are mediating. And we have been able to contain it.  And I said, Mahdi, it's rather ionic, isn't it? Two Buddhist, one of them happened to be mine, two Buddhist countries fighting over a Hindu ruin. But two Muslims are mediating them, need to end them. But we have been able to at least calm things down. The first time, and I will stop at this, that I realized that the pendulum has shifted was at the beginning of my own term as Secretary General of ASEAN. Australia was campaigning to be a member of the Asia-Europe summit. I was transiting in Hong Kong, I got a call from here, camera. Do something about it. We want to be in. And I said, I'm not in, I have the power to get them in, but certainly I'll do what I can when the opportunity comes. But here is this. In the great hall of the people in Beijing, the seat of the Communist Party, the Prime Minister of China, Mr. Wen Jiabao, sat at the head of the table, chair 48 members from Europe and from Asia, including all the ASEAN members, they were in that group. Borosconi, Mr. Boroso, Mr. Merkel, all the rest. Tony Blair didn't make it. He sent David Millerman. That was October 2008. That was the beginning of the crisis. But they could feel the magnitude in Europe. That this is going to be big. And you know what the European leaders said? From Merkel to Boroso to Borosconi, please East Asia, please China, keep it open, keep it humming, keep buying, keep importing from us. In the great hall of the people. And David Millerman took me at the side and said, Mr. Secretary General, this is a very strange meeting indeed. We from the market economies, we from the West, we are asking a communist country to help. Things have changed, pendulum have shifted, and we are managing those changes together. The friendship, the support, the cooperation that Australia has given to us has been helpful for us to realize the opportunities, for us to be able to face the challenges, to manage many challenges coming our way. We asked the center of that new gravity of the world. Economic growth could only survive together because of the long history. Human, cultural, historical, political, street teaching that we have gone through together. From our perspective, in our eyes, you have been transformed. You are now part of us, and we hope from your perspective, in your eyes, we have also been helpful, contributing, and helping you, managing your own challenges, your own problems. Thank you very much. Do you envision a future where Arsene is awarded a Nobel Peace Prize for his peace and career? On the flip side, what lessons do you think that Arsene can draw from the challenges that are being faced in Europe? We are not in a hurry to have one currency. It has never been on the table anyway. No, I think Europe, in hindsight, I thought we would get it when they said international organizations would not get it. No, I think Europe has delivered a great, great service to themselves, among themselves, and it is important that they could settle the differences or are able to manage the differences, historical, deep, very, very bitter history between themselves. We have become a successful regional organization. It's a model of regional organization. So peace, stability, security that they have been able to maintain, and their willingness to engage with the world, trying to share the experiences. I think it's normal. They are helping us, too. But I have also been saying that because of the differences in which we came into being the two organizations, Europe is our inspiration. But it cannot be our model because of the tremendous diversity that we have within our membership. But we take inspiration from Europe. A lot of things that have been achieved would be great if we could achieve. It cannot be our model. We are not a union. We have different norms, values, history, language, everything. It's difficult to see one union as a union. I think we are on the right road. I think we are contributing to our own region. And being that colonel, which is Clinton called as falcon, of emerging architectures in the region, some call us the centrality. I think if we can continue to play this role and can contribute to the evolution of East Asia as a community, small sea, small sea community, and that's what is happening. If we are able to do this into the future, why not a Nobel Prize? But certainly you will be taking part of the credit. How much people do you think the impact of the current sub-China relationship has entered on economic cooperation between ASEAN and China? Not much. Because it's our largest training partner. It's about 300 billion US dollars a year. About 70 billion between Australia and ASEAN. Growth is about 15, 20 percent a year, always in China's favor. But the tension there is not affecting trade. Investment is not big enough. China, we've been telling China, look, this cannot be sustained. Growth, 15, 20 percent a year, and the bounce of trade in your favor, 20, 30 billion US dollars a year, this cannot be sustained. Not to be some more investment coming from it. But it's not that much. What will happen is this, which is a lot of Japanese investment in China will find a way to satisfy it. For a similar reason, but not the same reason. They have their own problems. So the rise of China, the way you are witnessing, is giving a lot of anxiety in the region. And the result of that anxiety is different from different parts, to different parts. A lot of Japanese interest, a lot of Japanese investment is looking south to southern Asia. Korea is not feeling much yet. Prosperous, stable, secure, open, integrated, so to say, is in the interest of China. So you will see this rise of China, flexing muscle of China, is having impact in different ways and manifests in different forms in the region. At this point, trade with China is not important. How important to China? I mean, if it's going to be lower, it's not because of the conflict. Because the Chinese market, the Chinese economy itself, is slowing down. This has been a rich and encouraging presentation to us. It's rich in its analysis of the strengths and the prospects of ASEAN, rich in your own personal experience, but also encouraging for both for the future of ASEAN and for the role that Australia can play in the development of the region. Promise me one thing. You have found, somebody says, here, don't lose it. Thank you. I was going to say that we've unrealised as you spoke that unwittingly we've learnt something from ASEAN in constructing this institute. We respect the national integrity, the distinct identities of the component members, but we work in a framework that identifies a Southeast Asian identity. Even more than that, we compete more broadly. We have something to give to the rest of Asia and to Australia and to the world. And I don't think we're going to get a Nobel Prize for it. We might do it. You'll get the chair with us. Could I begin by adding my warmest welcome to Dr Surin and again to thank him for I think a really masterful presentation. And it's a great pleasure to welcome you back here to the Australian National University. A little bit of history. When AMU was founded in 1946, a central part of the mandate of this university was to study the states, societies and cultures of our region. There was of course a strategic dimension to that mandate coming at the end of the Second World War. Australia very much wanted to understand its environment in order to avoid future surprises, I think, very much. But there was also a strong feeling that Australia's future would be entwined with its neighbours that was shared with many in Asia and the Pacific for that matter, a set of aspirations for things like prosperity, democracy and justice, and that we might more quickly achieve these aspirations by working together. And I think those were some of the underpinning elements that really were before the establishment of this university. There was also, I think, a realisation that Australian culture could be enriched by the deep cultural resources present in Asia. And I do think if you look at Australia today and the multicultural nature of that and how Australian society has been shaped by Asia compared to where it was at the end of the Second World War, I think you can see how this country has been transformed. The Australian National University in establishing what was then the search school of the civic studies was at the forefront of Australia's post-war engagement with Asia. Southeast Asia has been central, I think, to the ANU mission of engagement with Asia in terms of things like trade or educational engagement, diplomatic cooperation, strategic importance, tourism, human engagement. No region of the world is more important to Australia and to Australia's future than, indeed, Southeast Asia. And indeed, if I could do a little bit of advertising now, there's no university, I think, in the world with a stronger and broader record in Southeast Asian studies than ANU. Our contributions to the study of countries like Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia and Vietnam have been really quite remarkable. We have an outstanding team of scholars engaged with the work, indeed, of ASEAN. The Australian National University is, for instance, the only university in Australia which has consistently taught languages such as Indonesian, Thai, Vietnamese and Japanese, as well as offering Burmese and Tatum from time to time. I think it's a remarkable record in Asian languages. Now, after nearly seven decades, as we've heard, we've discovered Southeast Asia. We are taking a step which some might say is indeed long overdue by creating an institute which will bind these various elements of the university together. The ANU Southeast Asian Institute will bring together the university's expertise on this complex and diverse region and will act as a window for world on the university's incomparable expertise in Southeast Asian affairs. So I think it's a remarkable ability to pull together the many elements of this university which are really quite remarkable. So this evening's event, I hope, is the first of many that will strengthen the impact of ANU on this important field. I'd like to thank in particular Andrew McIntyre and his team for their tremendous work in bringing the ANU Southeast Asia Institute together for bringing it to this point. And I have very much a pleasure in well and truly declaring the Institute launched. Congratulations.


I think that there's no doubt that the most effective way to maintain and build muscle is through exercise. That being said, most people don't exercise, and even if you do exercise, the nutritional aspect that's the most important is not only the amount of protein, but the quality of protein that you eat. There's quite a bit of confusion about what the daily recommendations are. Both the World Health Organization and the United States Food and Nutrition Board have recommended a dietary allowance of 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram per day. But that figure is not the optimal level of protein intake. The optimal recommendations, for example that the USDA uses in the food pyramid or now the food pie, is closer to 1.5 grams of protein per kilogram per day, which is almost double what the RDA is. So the recommendations vary a great deal as to what should actually be eaten, but probably the most effective guideline is as a percent of total calories, because as your size changes, the total calories you eat change, and the optimal range there is recommended between 15 to 20 percent according to the acceptable macronutrient distribution range, which is also published by the same group that's published the RDA. The RDA represents, we could think of as a minimal value, which is about 10 percent of your caloric intake, but a more effective caloric intake would be between 15 to 20 percent of your calories as protein. The more recent guidelines, which is called the Dias or Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score, does not truncate the scores, but predicates the scores on the percent of the essential amino acids delivered by that protein should you eat the dietary requirement of that protein. And those range clear up into over 150 percent, meaning that you would get 150 percent of your requirements of all the essential amino acids if you ate the dietary requirement of that particular protein. The high quality proteins, which scores over 100, are almost entirely the animal proteins. The milk proteins are right at the very top, but beef and all the meat proteins are also far superior in terms of the Dias scores to most of the vegetable proteins, soy being the highest, which is still at the lower end of what would be called the high quality protein. But at the same time, we have to look beyond just the score to the caloric intake of every food that's associated with the intake of that amount of protein. So the new direction that these recommendations will be heading is not only in terms of the quality of protein evaluated as a pure protein, but also the caloric density of the food containing that protein that's required or that comes along with the ingestion of enough protein to meet your requirements.