So, one of the ways to help support teachers to develop high expectations is to model the practice. And we did that in this instance by getting permission from the school that I actually took a class to show what that might look like. So, I think Geraint was already on board, he was absolutely really keen. But just being able to see it for himself, I think was an important step. I took the class and we spent the whole class doing a lot of thinking, and it was the students thinking. The difference for high expectations teaching is it's not about what the students know, it's about can they analyse or interact or engage with ideas. So, in that class they had a number of times where they had to make decisions and there wasn't a right answer or a wrong answer. It was about celebrating all the different answers in the different ways you could think about things. So, one of the interesting things from taking that class was the number of students. This was their very first lesson on carrying out physics investigation. The number of students that demonstrated excellence level thinking in the very first lesson without having any real teaching around the concepts. So, that was really exciting to see that they could do that. That was, I think, a big step for us to see, wow, yep, absolutely, they're right on board. The other was the level of engagement. They were really engaged. Every time we posed a challenge they didn't go, oh, this is too hard or I can't be bothered.  And as we kept using questioning to open up the possibilities they got even more engaged and more excited, I think, about what they were doing. What surprised me in that class was some of the contribution from some of the students that are a bit more quiet in the class, that you don't always hear during the class, just seeing them be able to get their points across in a more intimate setting with them and their partners. Making decisions on our own was challenging at the start for us and our partners some of us weren't used to doing it on our own or used to having our teacher there to do the thinking for us and it gave us the chance to think on our own and now it's become easier. I found it challenging but I found it really, really good for ourselves, for the students to, like, for life. Our teacher's not always going to be there. We're going to have to think independently. I thought Faye's presentation within my class was, I thought it was a really positive lesson. It was a good chance to see someone experienced with the class and also being able to see how the students reacted to her, I guess, way of teaching. My role again in professional learning is, while providing some modelling, is to not do the thinking for Duraint. So my first question to him was, so tell me what you noticed that might be different than what you'd normally maybe observe in your class and the second thing, what would you have to do differently in your teaching and he was really quick to acknowledge that they talked a whole lot more than they normally would, which was a positive because they were talking about learning and that was the thing he'd have to do differently, was to provide those opportunities for the students to talk about their learning.


I have a feeling that this is going to be the start of like a whole new era on this channel. Want to guess? For the next three days for the International Association for College Admissions Counseling Conference. That's a lot to say. The IACAC conference brings together three different groups of people. First of all, there are high school counselors. These are the people that help you in school to find a university. They submit all your documents. They do a ton of important work for you. The second group are the University Admissions Counselors. They're the people who go and try to pull students from different regions to come to their universities. They're the people that oversee your applications. These people are here and I've been talking to a whole bunch of them. That just leaves me. I'm part of the third group. We're the independent counselors for the other people. The other guys that provide counseling services and help you enjoy your experience abroad. There are over 1,000 people from across these three different groups representing over 300 universities and high schools, both in the United States and abroad. I want to show you guys my experience at this conference. This is kind of an amazing thing for us. It's our first time ever getting to go to this conference. I had no idea what to really expect, but I'm going to let the conference speak for itself and just show you what I've been doing for the past few days here in Albuquerque. You have registration so far away from where Chile is having. They want you to walk around. I feel like this is more of a... Maybe the IACAC is actually doing some really dark stuff and they're prepping people for human sacrifice.  I'm going to show you this part. So you didn't have any more lanterns? No. Well, it's okay. This is okay. It's horrible, but... We're going to stand out, you know? So we're going to look a little different. That's good for you. You like standing out. We look poor. Yeah, we're from Peru, which is in the Caribbean. So that's how it works. Score lanyards. Yeah, now we know. We just got to bring our own awesome lanyards so that it doesn't matter where we go, we got lanyards. All these universities that are down here, just look at this. I mean, it's like 15 minutes. Three arrangements with three different universities in Canada. My first few days on this next tour are already booked because everybody here is super friendly. It's been an amazing experience so far. I am loving it. And it's only the first day. International ACAC, it was a new experience for me. And as someone who is getting exposed to the admissions profession and someone who wants to see the global education scale, this has been the most expansive and worldly event that I've ever been to in my entire life. And to be connected with so many people and see so many different individuals with a passion for the future and the education of others is something that really is powerful and something that makes not only, of course, this industry but this profession and this conference special. This is my first time at this conference, ACAC. And it's been a beautiful experience. I can't believe how lucky I am to get to work among people who are passionate about what they do and truly believe in the power of education and making it accessible to students around the world. So it's been a lot of fun to make these unique connections and it's been an honor to be here. I'm not going to use this, I'm just testing a new configuration with the audio. Oh, with the microphone there? Yes, and I want to try and see how it sounds.  Yeah. Awesome. Sweet. Yeah, if I do end up making a video out of this university I'm going to be glad we got like five days here because I wouldn't want to film all this in one day. That would be exhausting. I think this heat would make me the least entertaining person on the internet. Like you just don't have the energy to completely deliver what your audience expects. It's hard. You got to really try hard to keep your energy up here. You have to push yourself and you want to be in the shade whenever humanly possible. Oh, that's so much better. I'm already looking forward to next year's conference because this conference has clearly shown me that we got to come back here every single year. It's an incredible event, just a one-of-a-kind opportunity to meet a bunch of people and to learn more about what it's like to be a college admissions counselor and the best practices and the things that we should be doing and things that we shouldn't be doing. Being here is going to help us to provide you with better service. It's also going to help us provide you with better content because in just a few days I've managed to secure several visits to a bunch of universities coming up. So I'm going to be visiting them and showing you guys everything you need to know to become a student at one of those universities. Just to give you a taste, I'm talking about Texas Christian University, Southern Methodist University York in Canada. It's going to be a multinational trip. That's pretty good.


is that Dan is not planning to thank the president. You'll notice the word again here at the end of the slide. But nonetheless, LifeEye has many subtle details that can be used to your benefit or harm you badly. I remind you of an invitation. Please photograph things, tweet things. For reasons I'm thinking, you can request from the organizing team or more of the team to please use the Fossager instead of the National Fossager, but other than please rebots. Right, hi guys. I'm Daniel and I'm going to go through a talk on why Wi-Fi is, like these days, much worse and of course getting worse and how you can improve it. So it's called making Wi-Fi great. I've got a background in software engineering, but then these days I think if you're interested in physics, if you're interested also in some of the theory behind these things, it can be quite useful. So often, like Wi-Fi, everywhere you'll be in a conference, you'll be in a café, you'll be trying to connect and you can't connect to an access point, you can't connect to your phone, you really have a lot of issues. And in everywhere. The only place pretty much you can get really good Wi-Fi is if you're not in a dense, open environment, so the countryside or somewhere kind of, perhaps with low density. So to understand why this is the case, you'll actually, the list of sources of issues pretty much starts with congestion. So there's so many sources of interference and even if they aren't at like the frequencies that are used in Wi-Fi, they still can interfere. Other kind of main issues really are the actual location of your access point or the access points you're trying to connect to and also the kind of distance therefore. And then there's some other perhaps less key items here, but certainly how these things are set up and also the actual OS as well. So if you have enterprise access point, typically you have a much more robust, much more fine-tuned OS stack including the radio firmware as well. Traffic also, so clearly, even you have traffic say, which is like a traffic that you expect, you also have a traffic which is background, like app like things like other kind of protocols, which are not really what you actually want to route. So those can of course take away radio time from the actual traffic you really want. So we'll later have a look at some of those things. So I'd say one of the main things here is if you have basic kind of like a home access point like an ASUS or whatever, typically these are optimized for consumers and so the kind of difference here is in enterprise hardware you actually typically separate the role of the access points from routing packets. Now one of the other kind of powerful features of enterprise kit typically is also you can plug it in anywhere. So you can plug in power into an Ethernet cable from anywhere and then inject it and run it from an Ethernet cable. So that's also obviously useful in your home environment as well since clearly then you can put your router somewhere in your home in a good location and get good signal strength and good behavior. Typically also when you have like many more APs also in enterprise kits you can also manage them like from a central location and therefore you can see the configuration if they're online, what OS they're running, the MAC addresses, IP addresses, whatever. And then also clearly the vendors who produce enterprise kit, they do a lot of validation. So they have like stable lab environments and RF environments where they can actually test in a very complete way which almost certainly home routers don't get that level of validation. I mean therefore also security is also something to consider as well. Often a lot of these like brands, Cisco, HP so forth, they're actually really expensive so you will almost never find anyone buying and having those at home. So really there's like a new, perhaps in the last 10 years a new kind of wave of devices from both Microchip and UBNT which actually is optimal kind of value for the features and for also the validation and the features that you also get. So moving on to one of the main sources of issues with like Wi-Fi is siting. So clearly if you have your AP nearer wall then you can actually get a lot of signal or loss through like say a concrete wall or like a hard breaks for example here.  So putting it perhaps somewhere more centrally where the actual angle for clients wouldn't be through so much kind of break or concrete would help a lot. And of course clearly there wouldn't necessarily be a table or like a fibre point for you to plug it in but that's where if you have power over Ethernet or you also separate your radios and access points therefore from your router then you can like mount it for example on the ceiling over here and so also that's an important thing as well. Now one of the actual reason why this distance is one of the key things simply is the further you get away from your access point you get a like a division like a fraction of the energy from your clients and from your access point. So also this also as well works for frequencies so if you're using a 5 gigahertz access point or radio then the signal is half the actual energy like for a given distance than the 2 gigahertz radio. So you also must take into account that you actually get weaker signals as you're going higher in frequency. So even if say you have a 5 gigahertz access point you actually may get a lot more attenuation. But then also... Yes exactly so the actual noise floor is really one of the key things. So if I move on to the signal to noise ratio so if you actually look at the spectrum here what you'll find is you'll find like a level of background noise here which is it's going to lower band here like minus 96 dBm here and then in this case at like 5 gigahertz channel 36 you're seeing like about 65 dBm signal here and so when there's more attenuation with higher frequencies like say at like 5 gigahertz what you'll find is you'll generally have a lower noise floor because other sources of interference from your neighbors and so are also attenuated better which gives you an advantage. And so that's also why you can also use like wider channels. So channel width is also something you can adjust when you're setting up your access points, the radios. Yep so normally much of the like our consumer radios and access points are 100 milliwatts transmit that generally is the regulatory limit. Question here. 5 gigahertz, yeah channel 36, yeah. Because actually so you actually haven't got that much channel like that 80 megahertz channel width possible at 2 gigahertz on Wi-Fi. And that's pretty powerful because at 2.4 the standard is 42 milliwatts so it's like probably get something at 138 at least in Europe that would be about 2.4 gigahertz. Yes, correct, yeah exactly, yeah. That certainly would be violating the limits of 100 milliwatts really which would be the limits at 2 gigahertz. Anyway so how do you actually translate this signal to the ratio to the actual throughput that you can achieve with your devices? So what actually happens is when your AP is talking to your devices the actual signal noise ratio and channel width dictates the maximum speed of data transfer so the actual fire rate. So what you see is here we have a signal noise ratio of 32 decibels here so they can noise flow to the actual signal strength here and that translates in this table here to a certain modulation coding scheme MTS-7 which is a certain kind of strategy for encoding signals and so 11ac 80 megahertz channel width so we know it's MTS-7. So how does MTS-7 translate to the actual speed that you'll get over the air? So there's a second table in the standards which says for MTS-7 you'll use 64 cam modulation and at 80 megahertz with a short guard interval you'll get a 325 megabits a second raw fire rate so maybe you'll see perhaps half of that in practice but so this illustrates how the actual signal noise ratio and channel width on your Wi-Fi. Now, so if you select, yeah, so later we were saying so earlier we were saying that 5 gigahertz you have more link headroom for your signals but then why did the channel, the more interference with other channels so if you have voice over IP phones or if you're just browsing or something like that in certain environments like in an internet kiosk or in simpler scenarios then it definitely makes sense to choose narrow channels so in this case in this conference Wi-Fi channel width has been selected for 40 megahertz at like 5 gigahertz and 20 at 2 gigahertz so there isn't any wider channels like 40 megahertz at like 2 gigahertz because of too much congestion so really what you want to do when you're putting your router at home is you want to conduct a spectral scan to understand what interference is already there what other access points are transmitting and so what channel can you select what you can do is of course you can have a very poor approximation using an app on your phone and here what you will see is in a well defined environment typically all access points at like 2 gigahertz will be on channels 1, 6 and 11 and so if you choose a channel which is in between these and overlaps with say like channels 1 and 3 then you'll get a lot of co-channel interference so at home if you select channel 1, 6 or 11 you'll typically get better behavior obviously you might want to do a scan because the existing APs may be on other channels typically let's see so typically if you enable auto channel selection on your access points it'll actually select something that has minimal RF energy which perhaps an average could be like channel 8 or 9 or something like that or in this case that one's in fact 2 channels wide so yeah 8 or 9 but then you'll get interference from many more access points in fact from 8 access points if any of these transmits then it'll interfere with your access points so better choosing say 1 or 6 or 11 and also turning off the automatic selection one just went deeper into why is it the fact that they if you have a group on the same channel each of them have to interfere though there are a smaller number of channels that's fine but are they understand about the access points that do this because they're now landing yeah well so one of the kind of things is in the .11 standards when you have let's see when you're sharing channels with other APs you enable something called RTS and CTS and so when one of your devices wants to then transmit it then sends a request to the access point which then broadcasts a message to all devices actually on that channel and also other SSIDs as well saying a device wants to cross transmit now allow a certain time window so all devices on that channel will then allow that device then to transmit and therefore you have much better sharing of channels sorry of like time on that channel and that definitely scales much better than if you either don't enable the RTS CTS feature or if you are in between channels basically and then have less clear communication with all the other devices on those existing APs so that's relatively straightforward so antennas so typically you will see some routers having dual band antennas and how it works interestingly is you have a loading coil in the middle and then one part of the antenna which is optimised for a certain frequency this is a quarter of the wavelength here and then this is a second different wavelength here and so you'll how it looks like on a graph is that you will see the the antenna resonates at two different frequencies here and so that's how you have multiple multi-band antennas just in case you were curious but then always there's a bit of a trade-off so you lose efficiency at other frequencies so the routers that you see in the market with like three antennas those have much worse behaviour than having say internal antennas which are not dual band so obviously the routers that you have in the market they ask us with the three big antennas it looks really powerful, it feels good but then actually it's almost certainly much worse what you can do is the actual spacing of the antennas is more than half the wavelength so you've got to make sure they're spaced out but then they're normally fixed so that's fine and then the other thing you can do is you can arrange them in an orthogonal kind of way which you never actually see so I couldn't get a picture I couldn't find a picture online to show you but if you imagine these are the three antennas at the back of your router one kind of back and one sideways then you actually have you then polarise in different orientations the signal which then allows you to to communicate with say devices which in fact have perhaps only one antenna in one kind of axis so that definitely improves the communication there so in fact we can see this in enterprise APs because here these are arranged in different axes so yeah and here we have we have I think four antennas two are five gigahertz and two are two gigahertz and they've resonated across different frequencies notably the antennas they aren't sticking out looking really powerful or anything they're just on board which makes things simple really and there isn't any real benefit in having them off-board if they are say like just omnidirectional so one of the other key issues in wifi is the hidden node issue so what you have is say you have an access point then you have like two small say like phones or laptops with different ends like different areas and typically like clients are 30 mW so an access point maybe 100 mW maybe higher at like five gigahertz so clients X and Z can't hear each other right five minutes okay so X and Z can't hear each other so there's actually a protocol here earlier I mentioned the RTS and CTS so you can enable that and even you can tune it enable it for frames reduced for small packets also you can actually you can filter out background traffic by isolating each of the radios the like two gigahertz radio and five gigahertz radio on separate bridge ports this is all kind of going to be online anyway so you can look at this later there's some details which we can admit so what do I use actually I'm about to use anyway a new microtik half AC2 it's actually very very similar to this one here and so this is one of the existing ones and actually quite small so it's not really big or fancy or flashy but then actually they are very very practical very very configurable the new model which is available soon it actually can route it to gigabits a second because it has like dual an internal pathway with like two one gig links to the CPU actually which is like the normal capacity so some more information here you can kind of look through one of the key things when you're buying a router is or access point is having an OS which is then updated on a regular basis and has like security updates and so forth many consumer ones don't actually like they have maybe six months or a year of updates and then that's it so it's better to have something which is a long term so actually this one is about actually $104 and it's available from our local microtik distributor Aldegas Networks so we're going on here you can put up your hands very good so this is my recipe for configuration later you can have a look through the F-Online so they need to go through this there isn't time and then I can do a quick demo of doing a live spectral scan to show you how to optimally select the channels so let me just do this okay let's just log in here okay I need to make sure I'm on the 5 gigahertz channel here yep good okay one second okay so now it's running a like a heat map here and we can see in fact from like 2.412 is like channel 1 2.472 is channel 11 here so you can see how much RF energy there is and here this environment is very very noisy but generally speaking this is channel 6 here so you can see white is the most strongest signal strength greater than minus 35 dB 11 is also more congested in here it's kind of hard to say but maybe there's less congestion here so you of course might say channel 1 so that was a quick demonstration on how to assess yeah exactly in SSH you can also do that with other kind of approaches with the GUI as well so here's a little kind of summary of my tips on how to tune your Wi-Fi and also deploy a good like good network here and yep finally I didn't cover things like spectral regulation or security or new gigahertz 11x equipment you can get this online it's this URL here drop me a note if you have any questions or are like doing anything interesting with Wi-Fi yep and any questions any questions


So continuing with these metaphors for life, another one is the idea of architecture. I've talked about building your life like it's a house and this is another comment on that, that when we build something it's not the building itself that matters. It's the function of the building. It's what it's doing, what it's serving. So when we build a house what matters is not the structure of the house, the walls and floors and roof. What matters is the space that is created by those structures. So I mean it can seem like kind of an abstract point. You know if you're a builder you are focused on those materials and making sure that those structures are built correctly. And so to say like it's not really about the walls, it's about the space between the walls. If you're actually involved in the details of building something that may seem like kind of a sort of a airy-fairy fantasy kind of way of looking at building, it's not going to help you build the house to just think about the space in the house. And to say that you know it's the it's where the walls aren't, that's where it really counts. But when it comes to actually using the house what matters in a house is the space. You build the walls floor and ceiling in order to create the space inside. So when it comes to life I find this architecture metaphor. I can see it as a reminder that everything that we do to try to improve our lives it isn't actually the real stuff of our lives. It only helps to create space for life to happen. We cannot just make our lives. We are not created like fictional characters or built like objects where we can simply directly design and create exactly what we want our life to be. We can instead shape it and it's just like with the garden similar idea with that with the garden that we can't force those plants to grow. We only create a good environment for them. With the building metaphor we build the structure, we design the walls, how we are going to set up our life in some way. But then we are simply trying to help the process of life happening inside that space. It's very abstract point but I find it useful to remember not to focus too much on our work, our habits, the details of our routines, mindset, all this kind of formal stuff, this kind of the way we give form to our lives. We think about the details of how to do that. We set it up, we make adjustments to our routines, our habits, how we're living our life. But the point of life, if we can talk about the point of it, that's not the point of it. I mean having good habits is not a meaningful life. Having good habits helps to give us a foundation and a space in which we can have a good life. It's in many ways more about clearing that space. It's more like having good habits clears out piles of rubble because that's what a building would be. I mean if we had no structure, if the building had no structure, it would be a pile of rubble. And then a pile of rubble has no space, not a very nice space to live. But if we have a nice structure then we can have that space. So I think in architecture there's a lot of focus on the idea of space and light. And these are the two things that you're not actually building. You're building in a way to make something of the space and make something of the light. So applying this in our lives, we can find a way to create that kind of... I'm just picturing this room with a nice window and light coming in. And how do we make that in our own lives? What does it mean to have a life that has space in it, that has light in it? I'm not sure exactly how to describe it, but it seems like there's something in this metaphor. So I'd love to hear what you think of this.


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He is the three outcome player, right? It's strikeouts, walks and home runs. He has talked about that. He has admitted that that is who he is. But what he did with the Yankees, Chris, was disappointing. He will admit it's disappointing. The Yankees will admit it was disappointing. An athletic player who played good defense and who had a ton of support in the clubhouse and a lot of people who were behind him in the hopes that he would produce. But the Joey Gallo error in New York is not going to be thought of well by the Yankees, by their fans or by Joey Gallo. He has done a couple of interviews in the last week which indicate that he knows how much of a disappointment this has been.  Very honest interview that he gave to Jack and he leaves the number one market and he goes to the number two market in LA. And you wonder about the Dodgers wisdom and what they think they can get out of Gallo. And I'm sure there are teams out there that are saying they can unlock Gallo and perhaps they can turn it around and he hits a bunch of home runs and he gets on a little bit of a roll. Cause that's the thing we never saw with the Yankees, Chris is a streak where Gallo suddenly hit eight homers in 10 games had an onslaught where he felt like he was the player that he needed to be. Those numbers right there are damning but those are numbers that can get you DFA. Gallo has enough of a resume with a couple of 40 Homer seasons on his career and a couple of gold gloves that another team that is contending for a title and the Dodgers is interested enough to give him a shot. Jeff Passon is now reporting that the deal is done. So Joey Gallo is a Dodger. And Jack, how does this shake out for the Dodgers? How do they utilize Gallo out there? Well, I think you try and find spots for him in the outfield.  Like I said, they're trying to unlock the player that the Yankees thought they were getting. You're always gonna get a lot of strikeouts with Joey Gallo, but if you get the 40 Homer potential, if you get a bunch of walks, you can live with some of that. The Yankees were unable to get all of that from Joey Gallo. And like I said, it'll just go down as a disappointing part of his career.


Salaam, from the People's Dispatch Studios here in New Delhi. I am Siddhanthani and as always you are watching the Daily Debrief. We have been coming to you through the year and since it is the last week of 2022, we decided it is a good time to wind up or round up maybe some of the top stories from some of the important sectors that have been affecting the world in the year gone by or the year that is coming to a close in fact. And we are starting things off by looking at the technology industry, technology space, particularly big tech which has suffered massive reduction in market capitalization compared to a stellar 2021. It's of course had a wide impact on a range of people working in the tech industry as well as allied sectors across the world. We've seen a deepening of the rift between the United States and China, two of the biggest economies in the world and the leaders in both manufacturing as well as higher technology. Joining us for this special episode of Daily Debrief will be our resident tech guru Vapa Sena. Vapa, good afternoon in the studio with us for perhaps the final time at least this year. It's been a dramatic year at least from the perspective of those telling the stories of what's been happening in the tech industry. All kinds of action, collapses, buyouts, takeovers and overall big tech kind of taking a beating after the highs of the previous year and all of that we'll talk to you over the course of this episode about some of the biggest stories of course in the tech industry, starting off with wherever actually you want as maybe the biggest of the big. Right, I think we should start off with what you said right 2021 was the high flying year right for tech stocks and for crypto. I mean and people were making all kinds of wild project projections of projections of crypto going to one million dollar Bitcoin going to one million dollars and the tech stocks just going to the moon and you had even minor tech stocks right the so-called meme stocks which were like just sky rocketing and from that to just within a span of one year where we are in the depths right and kind of this entire space has collapsed. In terms of market valuations right, it's not that the tech industry has like come to an end but their market capitalizations have taken severe beatings. So I think to start off with we start off with the craziest of them all which is crypto which last year we heard about all these marvelous things that are going to happen how money is going to be reborn and NFTs, Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana and you go on and on and on and even cryptos which are launched as a joke at the peak the entire crypto space was valued at three trillion dollars and now it is less than like 800 billion dollars so it's lost about 2.2 trillion dollars. It started the first big collapse in the crypto space happens I think in the March, April time frame when two coins which are linked right Luna and Terra they collapsed and with them evaporated about 50 billion dollars and at that time it was thought of a isolated thing problem with Terra and Luna which and they had this it was a stable coin as in Terra was a stable, respect to the dollar and the peg broke and it was kind of thought to be this problem of this one group but then we saw this cascading bankruptcies right so after that you had a company called Three Arrows which went down and then Voyager and Celsius all these all these groups effectively going down and because they were highly they had taken these highly leveraged positions and were impacted when Terra went down right then from there we kind of waited for another six months and then we had the biggest crash of the model in FTX and and Sam Bankron Fried and his two companies the FTX exchange and the Alameda research and both of them spectacularly collapsed right within a matter of days and now there are there are these rumors circling circulating around the other big FTX competitor that the another big crypto exchange which is Binance and I think with this we kind of are finally beginning to see the the full thing of what crypto was right instead of been this future of money it was basically Ponzi schemes and outright fraud and and just just people making highly leveraged bets by borrowing from each other by defrauding customers and using customer money to make vile bets and why when it was going up it went up spectacularly and when it's collapsing it's collapsing spectacularly and at the end of the day there is really nothing to back it up right I mean there is no inherent value there is no real business there is no cash flow which backs up this entire space and and you have this money effectively evaporating that's kind of probably the biggest one of them then then there were all these other the so-called meme stocks like stocks like Robin Hood and Peloton and Zoom which we just shot up like to ridiculous valuations right and some of them actually have valid business like Zoom we all use Zoom right it just didn't deserve the kind of valuations which it got and now they've lost like 18-90% of their valuation now if you move from there to the the big tech right these are like companies these are huge companies all trillion dollar companies at one point and they are solid businesses they have been around for more than 10 years and they generate huge amounts of cash but their valuations had gone up so much and now they are falling back and and I mean it's spectacular what is happening to each one of them right Amazon has become the first company to lose a trillion dollars in market cap and if you think about it Amazon's business is probably the the most stable of them all right Amazon is not in one business it is in three major businesses one is it's obviously retail business where it's in a dominant position worldwide then the it's cloud business which is also it's in a dominant position and increasingly it has been in the advertising business right because people as since you're selling your goods on Amazon platform you also would advertise there naturally and that's becoming a big part of Amazon's business and these are big businesses they're not going to go away but it's market it's lost a trillion dollars in market cap you have companies like similar to Amazon Google has lost like close to more than 800 billion dollars Apple has lost 800 billion dollars and these are all like big companies which are not going anywhere but we should go ahead to state things which are slightly different are Facebook meta which has lost 75 percent of its market cap it's lost like I think about 700 plus 700 750 billion dollars right hard to keep track nowadays Facebook is I think not in the same league as other companies right Facebook is a one track pony of advertising on Facebook now the Facebook platform itself is is not going to grow right I mean in fact people are it's a platform which was probably I think it's yeah it's probably on its way down right I mean Instagram and WhatsApp are still going to be very valuable but Facebook itself is probably on the way down and so clearly Zuckerberg sees that and that's why there was just such a hype about changing its name to meta and hyping metaverse which till now has gone nowhere right so I mean in case of Facebook you can understand that it's in a tricky position the other big big name right in these big tech companies is Tesla now Elon Musk has been in the news because more for Twitter right and taking over of Twitter like making an hostile bed which was initially rejected then accepted then Elon wanted to back out and was kind of forced by the courts to finally go through with a 44 billion dollar takeover and then all the controversies right about about the Twitter files and and the Hunter Biden story and probably there is much more to that right I mean the the media is playing up the Hunter Biden story but there is Facebook sorry Twitter did actually suppress many more probably far more impactful news sources and news stories and they were they were in co-host with the US intelligence agencies to suppress these stories especially in the in the Middle East especially things which were which were anti-war and against the US foreign policy but the other side of Musk which is Tesla from where he funded this acquisition of Twitter that Tesla's market cap has gone down by 70 percent right I mean last year Tesla like Tesla was going to the moon Tesla was going to $4,000 share and now Tesla is down in the dumps right and what has happened is Tesla is starting to be treated like a traditional automaker right earlier Tesla was still selling a fantasy and they were priced based on that fantasy and even now it's very highly valued for a successful automaker but it started starting to be treated like that and Tesla is now starting to face serious competition and the competition is all over the world right there's serious competition from the Chinese even American companies like Ford are now coming up with EV vehicles the Koreans Hyundai and Kia are coming up with serious competition and the Europeans right Audi and Mercedes have EV vehicles out so Tesla is no longer kind of the sole player in this EV space so and naturally now they're going to become their valuations are going to be compared with other automakers and then that even the valuation which is there today which is after they have dropped 70 percent is not justifiable if you compare it with the valuations of other automakers so I think that kind of is a broad sweep right what we are saying is the the really speculative place they are probably wiped getting wiped out and never to return which is good because I mean these will I mean basically just outright fraud but even the companies which have solid businesses and solid clash cash flows their valuations are seeing serious cuts as the market kind of adjusts to reality right yeah one of the impacts before we obviously move on to a couple of other subjects would be on small investors those who buy into some of the you know the the skyrocketing valuations and and projections and often you know projections that come that are sponsored by the company that is whose future is being told but apart from that the brunt of of this has been felt by tens of thousands of tech workers across many of these companies how do you see the industry recovering from that and and those involved in tech how do you see what do you see see I think the projections are actually bleak for for tech workers right I mean see what happened was immediately after the the pandemic and when the stimulus money was put in and all these companies started their stocks started going skyrocketing because they said that okay now the physical world is going to come to an end and we are going to always be in this virtual world and go to work and party everything in the virtual world and so so then these tech companies started hiling like crazy right and the the first wave of tech layoffs which we have seen this year that is kind of getting back to normal levels right we still haven't seen deep cuts they are probably going to come next year right as as the evaluations of even the profitable companies have taken severe beatings it's natural that we are going to see deep cuts so so I think the the real pain in the tech sector is probably still to be felt and and I think and next year we are going to see that all right the other big topic that has been also in play through the year has been the the so-called it's not really a war it seems more like a unilateral provocation but but the the challenge that China is is presenting to the US is traditional hegemony over tech and and you know research and development and in this space and what the reaction has been to that so I don't know maybe we can start there or we can go in to a little bit about the challenges that perhaps big tech has been facing from also courts and other regulatory bodies so let's do do the China story first right which is the really the tech war story in some ways it's probably an even bigger story than the the severe thrashing which the tech stocks have taken because you have seen these ups and downs like in the dot-com era we had seen these huge rise in tech stocks and then they collapse and we're seeing it again right but in what is happening in relationship to China and and the sanctions on on the Chinese semiconductor space that has far reaching impact right I mean for the last 30 40 years we have seen this increasing globalization and integration of supply chains and now we are starting to see that a deal like this beginnings of deglobalization and and fragmentation of the supply chain and and it's kind of driven by the American angst at the rise of China right and kind of the American hegemony on on industry and and and it's economic power is driven from this this been the tech leader and now that is that it is getting seriously challenged America things that the way to kind of control that is by trying to stop China from growing and and that's what the tech sanctions are really targeted at and that announced the first batch of sanctions in last year but this year they've announced far more restrictive sanctions right it pretty much covers export of any high-end chips to China and chip making equipment right so last year they had for example amongst the chip making equipment the kind of the the most prominent chip maker is ASML right which makes these these the the the most advanced chips the the seven nanometer and the five nanometer and the three nanometer chips are used are made using ASML machines and so the most advanced of ASML machines is called what is the uses what is called the UV technology and that they had banned last year right the and the that was easier for us to ban because that uses American technology right so so the there so because ASML kind of licenses the American the the key UV technology from American companies America basically said that you can't use our technology and so they could ban it the second wave of sanctions that have come they are now asking ASML to not just stop not just not sell UV but not sell even the previous generation machines which are called the UV machines right and that has severe impact for China but it also has severe impact for for companies like ASML right because like 30% of ASML sales are to China and so ASML is now kind of resisting that right saying that like UV doesn't have American technology right so they should be able to sell UV machines and and they kind of resist and we are seeing this from all American allies right so the American allies are not willing to go along with it because it it represents significant setback to their revenues because China consumes like between 30 to 40% of the global semiconductor chips which are produced in the world right and so if you stop these companies from selling to China you are immediately seeing a cut of revenues of 30 40% which is which will have huge impact on the on all of these companies and and so you are seeing Taiwanese Korean Japanese the Dutch all these countries really dragging their foot on going along with the next generation of these sanctions from from the US and even the American semiconductor companies like NVIDIA and Intel they are like raising a ruckus at this because this is this effectively if carried out in full this would mean kind of the worlds the the tech world splitting into this two separate zones right which don't which don't mix which is the which don't like share knowledge and it would be a huge setback for the tech industry and for the for the global economy as a whole so so we will see how it progresses and so that is the direction in which you you see things proceeding at least from from whatever evidence we have so far so see clearly America US wants to push that right now whether they will be successful in doing that that remains to be seen because the their allies like I said are dragging their foot right and even you American companies are not happy with this and and they're they're one of the fairly logical counter arguments is that if you stop doing this you are effectively depriving these companies of 30 to 40 percent of their revenues and and this being such a fast moving space you need to constantly be innovating and and putting and investing in research and development and if you if you then take like 30 percent 40 percent of their revenues away then that is that much less investments you can put in future research while what will force China to do is it will force China to turn self-sufficient and China the Chinese government has recognized this and they are they have this this the like making China kind of initiative where they are hoping to be by 2025 they they they are hoping to be like 40 percent self-sufficient and by a future date by 2030 I think it's like 70 percent self-sufficient and so these kinds of sanctions will only accelerate China's self-sufficiency right so in the long run it's going to come back to bite the US right so it remains to be seen how much they will push it and how much they will back off but we are in a precarious situation all right we'll we'll call it a a wrap on that note Baba good to have you through this year talking tech with us on daily debrief right we hope you enjoyed the first of our year-ending special episodes on daily debrief we'll be back tomorrow talking about the energy sector and how various global crises have impacted how we consume what we consume at what price we consume it and of course looking also at the future of the energy sector in the context of human induced climate change until then of course we invite you as always to head to our website peoplesdispatch.org for details on these stories as well as all of the other work we do and of course don't forget to follow us on the social media platform of your choice see you tomorrow goodbye