Investors taking some profits after a record run this year on Wall Street, that'll off 183 points. The question now is, this is good news. We've got the trade situation, we've got a very strong consumer. That momentum takes us into the new year for a read on what we could expect in 2020. Mark, I'll watch this. Chori Gajeski, Francis Newton-Stacey, and Melissa Armo. Let me start with you, Francis. You know, listen, I think we've got a tremendous amount of momentum heading into the new year. You look, I'll give you an example. November 15th, the Atlanta Fed had us GDP for this quarter, 0.3, now our 2.3%. And all the things that helped pick this up from GDP, from jobs, from wages, I don't see a betting anytime soon. No, so definitely the bull case is very clear, and the Fed is actually supporting that. And though they have sort of put a hold on lowering rates, they are still injecting a record amount of money at a record rate into the system. So that's going to support stock prices going forward. We're going to continue to watch the things that we have watched all year, which is China trade, which gave us some muted volatility into multiple all-time highs. And we're just going to continue to watch that if we think that, you know, phase two is coming or China is going to sign it, or this is coming. I foresee that investors are not going to want to sell ahead of that news. And also just the Fed really clear that they're going to support the markets despite the fact that they've stopped cutting rates for now. So, Melissa, here's the great news with the Fed. If you're long the market, the two bears, the two hawks and the Fed are out. They don't vote next year, right? Rosengren and Esther George, they don't get a vote.  So at the very least, I think we'd be looking at a more dovish Fed. Well, I think it's really going to depend. 2018, remember when we had that big sell-off in December was because of Fed raise rates. And I think they changed course pretty quickly. And then 2019 was a good year. And you saw even with the trade issues that the Fed was there supporting the market by lowering rates. I don't know what's going to happen, though, in 2020 because they may end up deciding to lower rates again if they're going to support the market. If, in fact, we have more volatility, if this trade deal does not get done, the Fed may need to step in to try to support the market a little bit by lowering rates, even if it's not anticipated to happen. Here's one thing, Troy, that I don't think is brought up enough. There are tariffs on $360 billion of Chinese goods. I'm not talking about rhetoric or scuttle butter guessing about what's going to happen next. These are in place. We didn't experience smooth hauling. Our GDP didn't go down 50%. Our unemployment rate didn't go from 6% to 25%. It's the exact opposite. 7 million job openings, 1.26 million more job openings than unemployment wages through the roof. I mean, this is an economic miracle against a backdrop that the experts two years ago said was impossible. Yeah, no, it's been incredible. I mean, you look at the job creation this year. I mean, we're on a pace to create 2 million jobs after creating 2.7 the year before. No economists thought we could create jobs at that level and pull as many workers back into the workforce. What we're looking at now, just in the real economy, is a combination of very healthy consumer spending. Remember, we have a tight enough labor market, 1.5 million more job openings than unemployed to drive enough wage growth that the consumer can continue to delever and spend at a healthy rate. When you combine that with very aggressive federal spending, you're looking at 200 basis points of GDP growth without any contribution. So we did 3% GDP next year? No, I think 2.5 is a real risk frame. 3, everything will have to hit. CapEx will have to come roaring back, which we don't think it will. The energy sector will have to come back, which we don't think it will. So this year we're trending around 2.25, next year somewhere between 2 and 2.5. One wild card I'm looking at is the household formation. Third quarter GDP, we saw residential home investments up for the first time and I forgot how many. Maybe 7, 8, 10 quarters, it was a long number. And I think that could be sort of a headwind that becomes a tailwind next year. What should we be most concerned about next year? Most concerned about the repo market, if the Fed cannot substantiate the repo market. And just so for folks who aren't really Wall Streeters, essentially our financial system ran out of cash, cold hard cash. That's it. The Fed was caught flat-footed and now they're doing some emergency measures and they're saying, don't worry folks, it was no big deal. All they really do is put money in and take money out. That's all they do. So if that doesn't work and their support in putting money in doesn't work, then that's sort of a risk. Also the strong labor market may compress profit margins, which for those out there that just means companies are earning a little less money and that could affect the equities. So that's another risk for next year. And of course the ever going risk is if you ever have problems in the credit markets, any kind of defaults in the credit markets. But they're increasing loan, they've increased loan limits in 2020. They're going to be up to 510, 510,000 Fannie Freddie. The loan limits are increasing, which is phenomenal. What do you think about it? People are going to be able to buy more house and the banks are going to do those loans like hotcakes as long as Fannie and Freddie. So you see the housing market coming on strong next year. I think people, if they're working and they feel good about themselves and their banks are going to increase and the Fannie Freddie increase the loan limits, people are going to go out and if they get qualified for those loans, which they are because they're working and they want to spend it housing, that is people's biggest expenses are housing. People want to have nice homes. I don't think it's ever going to get to the point where they do the crazy loans like we saw years ago. But the fact that they're raising loan limits and Fannie and Freddie is going to do it, the banks are going to do those loans and people are going to get approved for them. Thank you all very much and you, so far you've won best airings, although this is the first segment, okay? Happy New Year, they're my New Year's earrings. Happy New Year, Charles, what's going on? 2020, new decade. Up next folks, the latest on two horrific attacks.


Okay, very good morning to everyone. Thursday 23rd of January. Before I begin, don't forget to subscribe to the YouTube channel for our macro fundamental updates every morning and also live events. We'll be covering the Fed live in full next week and also the Bank of England. So it's a big week for those central bank decisions because those two, particularly the latter, the BOE is going to be very interesting. So don't miss out on that. But looking at what I'm going to talk about this morning, we've got a couple of different things. A bit of an update on the Brexit situation and also within that the trade situation between UK and Europe and UK and the US. A few things to update you on. Then going to have a look at an update on the virus. How is that impacting markets if anything at all? There's definitely a disconnect at the moment between how the local region is being affected and how that is playing out on the things like Shanghai Composite, for example, and the Hong Kong Hang Seng comparative to the overall global market. So we'll make a bit more sense of that. Then we've got the ECB policy decision day and so what to expect as a nice matrix I can show with you with the different things to look out for as a crib sheet. A quick word on Italy going into some regional elections at the weekend and then the Aussie saw a pop overnight to the upside. Unexpectedly positive jobs data creating then a rethink over the RBA potential action of their interest rate policy in the near term. So that are things I'm going to cover but before I get into that in more detail, a quick look across the different charts to give you a bit of a flavour for sentiment this morning.  Very marginal losses on things like the Dow for example. And overnight in Asia as I said the Chinese related bosses are lower still and this comes well let's just jump to that first story in fact which is here. This will give you a bit more of an insight as to the this is the Shanghai Shenzhen CSI 300 index and as you can see as the virus has developed and what's happened essentially yesterday is that Wuhan which is the apparent city of origination of this coronavirus is a city of roughly similar size to all of greater London if not slightly larger but it was put on lockdown and attempt to quarantine this this virus. So authorities have banned all transportation links so suspending buses the subway system ferries they've shut the airport train stations to outgoing passengers everything's been put on on hold in terms of the actual stats at the moment of where we're at with the virus just under 600 people of a belief to now have been affected it's reached all of the country's provinces now as well as obviously that one person in the states on the the northwest coast as we were talking about yesterday Taiwan Korea Thailand and Hong Kong 95 patients in critical condition and mixed reports but around 17 to 19 people have died so far so yeah with those numbers reason why I go through them is to me those numbers suggest at the moment this is still a very low level obviously requiring some vigilance to continue to monitor but I think you know between this chart that I'm showing you now and if I transition to this chart which is my charts showing the European US stock index futures things like the euro dollar pair cable oil T notes you can see there is a start contrast and I think that's kind of summary of where we're at at the moment this definitely is having an impact locally but it is not yet at the point where it's making investors nervous on a global scale just yet and unless it does spread into those other geographic kind of continents let's say I don't really see that happening at least for the time being so don't want to speak really too much more on that issue because I don't think it's really warranted at this time but again we'll keep you updated as it develops now otherwise as we look at the other asset classes things are relatively quiet if you look at things like gold sure it has ticked a little lower over the course of the overnight session or even from yesterday's highs when we were trading up to around 62 we're about $10 down from there at 15 53 at the moment the 10 years up a touch six and a half ticks oil down 84 cents there were some infantry data last night but overall it's still relatively quiet and certainly this has been a bit of a familiar pattern of the last week and a half or so really since the initial reaction to some of the virus headlines the signing of phase one deal the almost de-escalation of the Middle East which quite frankly no one's talking about now comparative to where we were just two three weeks ago it's almost like the market still is in a bit of a wait-and-see mode bit of indecision waiting for the next queue of something to latch on to and perhaps then the central back decisions next week could be that thing because as I've discussed not too much is expected from the ECB later on so I'll leave the chart set up to Sam let's have a run through then some of the headlines starting off with with brexit he probably would have read various comments from Johnson yesterday at the moment on track to deliver his brexit in regard to European Parliament now need to ratify the terms of the January 31st split this comes after the House of Lords back down on Johnson's EU divorce bill obviously they were and have been always much more on the remain side and so looking to kind of pick some holes in legislation in regards to the upper house on the government's bill but quite frankly the way that this process works now is that Boris has this resounding majority of 80 and so whatever they were going to do it didn't really matter anyway and so basically this has now gone through and it goes through the formalities for Royal Ascent and it has to go to the Queen she signs it off basically so as we've been talking about this Jan 31st is not really a a significant one from a trading point of view it's what happens beyond this and what happens beyond this really then is we we've got to start sorting out some trade deals and this has been quite interesting actually we haven't seen any real immediate impacts on the pound but there's been a few interesting developments Seiji Javed you remember the UK Chancellor at the weekend was quite critical about coming up to the standard requests for things like food requirements health and safety legislation in order to be able to deal with the EU's rules and that's caused some friction a bit of a standoff at the moment between the UK and Europe but now Seiji Javed has confirmed plans to introduce a digital services tax which will mainly hit big American technology corporations you remember this is something a similar route that France were going down and then the US came back with a whopping two and a half billion dollars worth of tariffs that they were going to put on a variety of French goods only for then for Trump and Macron to secure us a temporary kind of truce ahead of Davos a few days ago but what's happening now then is Mr. Javed has said that London would prioritize a post-Brexit trade agreement with the EU over a deal with the US and Stephen Manchin the US Treasury Secretary has not taken kindly to being put second place to the Europeans now from a UK point of view just given our volume of trade and the geographic location of which we have with Europe obviously Europe is the priority however at the same time you've got to manage the Americans and with Donald Trump in the White House who tends to be fairly volatile and very sensitive to the way of which he has dealt with is on a diplomatic kind of public level it's gonna be quite interesting to see how how that plays out maybe one of the reasons here I think Boris has ducked Davos I think that's probably a wise thing he sent the Chancellor so it's okay in my mind for the Chancellor to say these things because Boris can always say well it wasn't me that said that and I'm still best friends with Donald Trump so again it's kind of it's all strategy I guess negotiation in a way but yeah it's going to be interesting to see what the US have to say with being put second in that queue given obviously the Americans tend to tend to put themselves at the top of the pile one interesting statistic that I just wanted to show you and there's been a lot of question marks a lot of questions from some of our junior traders about you know why is the pound rallying when everyone's pricing in a rate cut and this is what I wanted to show you this is the the CMEs basically there it's very similar to the Fed watch tool that we look at but this looks at the not to get too complicated but looks at short-term interest rate futures so it looks at the Sonya curve when it comes to UK short-end rates and it allows us to see an implied probability of what the markets are reflecting in terms of their current price and positioning for the probability of a rate decrease from the Bank of England when they meet next week and here you can see rates coming in UK of course at 0.75% and just tipping on the balance is a likelihood of a rate cut from the Bank of England 55 to 45 now what's really interesting here is bottom box which gives you the statistics of the last month so one month ago to the day the price of a rate cut from the Bank of England was 5% I mean that's just crazy we've gone from 5 to about a week and two days ago or less than a week sorry six days ago we were at 72% and now we've gone back to 55% so yeah a lot of indecision being reflected in the markets in regard to what we think you know as a marketplace of what the BOE are going to do and so typically what would need to happen here is the Bank of England's MPC needs to come out and kind of relay some kind of guidance forward guidance in order to tip the scale in one way or another what central banks typically don't like to do is leave rate decisions right on the balance like what we're seeing priced in by the markets here the reason for that is it creates then a lot of uncertainty which means big volatility upon the release because it's a pretty 50-50 bit of which way it's going to go and that exacerbates the intraday kind of reaction to it more so what officials like to do is guide the market one way or the other so it's a nice and smooth orderly transition if you like between meeting to meeting but perhaps this is very reflective of the notion that the vote split is going to be so interesting next week remember we've had two dissenters for a long period of time but if you actually stack it up with the commentary that they've been saying or the commentary would be indicative of a 5-4 split in favor of a cut and that's very much what the markets pricing at the moment so yeah it's definitely not a done deal though it's not a slam dunk that we're going to see that and hence the reason why it's not just a persistent kind of weakening of the pound at the moment it's a lot more on the fence so yeah look out for that and any more subsequent changes in the coming days any bank of income comments moving over talking of central banks to the ECB this isn't going to take me long because ultimately there's going to be no change in interest rates or quantitative easing at today's event the main thing that people are looking for really is this this second bullet point focus will be on the guards plan strategic review and also as a footnote the guard basically as soon as she's done with the press conference she flies to Davos and she's giving a keynote kind of panel discussion with Steven Manchin of the US Treasury with the UK Chancellor with the Bank of Japan governor they're all going to be speaking together at Davos tomorrow but this is the best short form way of preparation for the ECB interest rate event this is always done by the Dutch bank ING and it's the most useful way I think to consolidate a lot of information to put you in the best possible position to interpret and trade this type of event if there is that opportunity and how this box is divided obviously if you're watching this on a video you can just hit the pause button you'll be able to digest it but here you have the four main kind of facets that comprise of policy within the European central bank so monetary policy can obviously be highly complicated so as a trader what you want to do is break it down and make it as simplistic into its definable parts as possible therefore it's much more actionable for you to cut through the noise in that respect so here you've got the inflation outlook the growth outlook the interest rate decision in itself and then also this idea about the strategic review what and when is that going to happen then you've got a scale top to bottom what would need to be said as a change to the current which is the orange at the top here phrasing that is the way of which they categorize each one of these these sections what would be dovish would be here what be hawkish would be lower down on the matrix and then the subsequent reaction the ING think we could see in euro dollar in the currency pair so yeah this is a this is a good way and then almost as the event is unfolding you can almost like tick off the boxes to get an overall interpretation of is this in line more tilted to be dovish or hawkish and therefore not just trading the event as words are being said sure that is one way of something meaningful is spoken but more so what could be then the trend that might materialize throughout the rest of the afternoon session after the press conference other final things quickly to mention BTP futures are seeing some some decent movement at the moment and a lot of this is coming ahead of and just to put this on your radar there are several regional key regional elections happening across Italy on Sunday now what's happened here is that the five-star leader Demaio resigned and that has caused now some question marks about the validity of the coalition government and obviously Italy has seen lots of political disruption over the course of the last several years so this is going to be very interesting to watch in particular Sunday's vote in the northern area of Emilia-Romagna could see Salvini's league defeat the DP Democratic Party which has been pretty much forever a historical stronghold for the DP if Salvini and the league which obviously has been Eurosceptic and if you remember he's the one that caused a lot of the issues and confrontation with Brussels about the social radical reforms that would have required much more debt to be accumulated breaching European conditions this could be then problematic and bring Italy right back to the forefront of kind of risk factors so that's not happening until Sunday but just wanted to mention that because local bonds in Italy are starting to see a bit of movement and this was the other thing overnight Aussie I'm sure if you've looked at your Aussie chart in the FX market has seen a decent pop on the upside and it has held a bulk of that move essentially unemployment rate unexpectedly fell and what this has meant is that more than half a percent what the currency has jumped more than half a percent as traders are now pricing in just 25 percent chance of a rate cut next month as of yesterday the odds of a rate cut were 50 percent so following this data the likelihood of an RBA cut has been sliced in half and so that being reflected and the Aussie holding firm for the time being and then DOEs are coming out later obviously had shifted due to the Martin Luther King Jr. Day holiday US markets were closed so this bumps all the oil infantry data back a day last night slight down tick and oil but very much following the trend lower in W2I crude futures you had a crude build of one and a half million surprise against the drawdown of ones that definitely bearish there cushing those a drawdown of 429,000 gasoline slightly bigger build as to distillates gasoline at four and a half million so those DOEs are coming out later this afternoon but that is pretty much everything from me I'm not going to go not going to bring up the calendar because I think we've pretty much discussed the main events that being relatively quiet for this morning got the ECB kicking off this afternoon of course from the US weekly jobless claims oil infantry data is one of the main focus and then Christine the guard of course the press conference that will commence at one thirty will be key also Angela Merkel does give a special address at Davos that is going to be happening at one fifteen London time as well to just be aware of okay see you in the trading live chat room any comments obviously watching this on YouTube just feel free to drop a comment and I'll be happy to respond by hand. Thanks guys. Hi guys hope we've had a good evening we'll start off with some of the currencies as that mentioned the Aussie last night or overnight should we say had a decent push higher looking at this more refresh these charts so you get rid of that that line so technically pretty key and obviously the the reason we've gone higher is all about that data and you would have wanted to unwind positions before of that but we also broke out this little trend channel that being guided in price really since the sixteenth so a decent push above there we then found support on what was yesterday's high and a fantastic move back up towards those those levels that we saw on what day we now Thursday Tuesday evening and I think as well that is also a bit of a fib level in there from the bottom of that you can see around the fifty cent fifth the R1 this fantastic opportunity more importantly I would say as well you know I'm just going to remove this trend channel and the pivots got a bit of a false break here now of this head and shoulders and just make sure that you can see that and not get the calendar the camera in the way you can see nice area where we've had that neckline you've got the two shoulders shoulders heads and we're now back above the old classic yes stay on that head and shoulders look to be good but of course the data comes out and you don't want to take that risk and we're we're now back above and trading at sixty eight eighty Euro actually you know over the last few days it's looked pretty similar to the Aussie and all it's done and you can see here a bit more choppy but similar price action and then you've got the sort of the shoulder and the head and we're now just trying to get below that area yesterday or I should say on the yeah yesterday was yesterday we found support on the Euro and on a level traded back on the 29th of December pretty key would have been the next area support for the move lower but you can see we're just sort of consolidating a bit as you'd expect going into the ECB we'll obviously run through this through trading night in terms of the levels to be aware of ahead of that release but I would be very surprised if we broke out the R1 or yesterday's low before we come to that point we are just getting squeezed you can see from the last couple of days anyway for the high of Tuesday worth having a little trend line on there yesterday's high you've already got the three tests yesterday's low you've already got the three tests of that coming in so prices is waiting to to do something would I want to be in a trade before 1245 from now for the Euro probably not probably not near to be a case of wait and see and and then react from that but if we were to have an ultimately dovish ECB or more dovish than expected well this Euro has got a fair bit of room to go to the downside to attack some of those levels last seen from last year the pound decent day yesterday and you know incredibly you know you look back at this this trend line I know and I'm bringing it up a lot but it's just the the significance of these technical levels regardless of you know the fundamentals that are going on if they don't break you can see suddenly good news actually starts to filter into the market and a decent push yesterday the trend line had held 130 as well in the mix there we're now trading 160 ticks above that level from 32 in the future is an area to now consider but just starting to consolidate around those highs from yesterday as well keep that just a little bit of a trend channel little flag up there to to have marked up for any potential move to the upside you'd favor yesterday's high and then the highs that we had back on the 8th of January of this month I should say as well so keep a watch on that break down to the to the downside got a couple of interesting previous highs to keep a watch on 131 and the high that we had on Tuesday probably the most notable support point there as well oil pushing lower and decent technical breaks yesterday of the the lows of the year and you can see that nice little set up push through and and continued we have bounced a tiny bit off the low this morning but looking at you know this this market here to get these trend lines on and in the weekly strategy report where we were looking at some of these levels you know these trends did get hit I know on the daily broken through a couple of those so here going back to that low from 2018 that would be one to have marked up around 55 bucks and where I would actually be pretty comfortable in saying we could find a level of support it would be the third test of that trend you'd also have some of these november december lows in there of course 55 dollar handle I think that could be quite a nice area where would you be comfortable you know going long above where you'd have to you know put this back on the 24 in say really where we just broke through around 57 70 above there fine we can find a bit of support but you can see the significance of that 55 bucks if we can get there gold before we have a look over equity markets just have a little look here put those pivots on gold really is is undecided isn't it I've been speaking to to people in in the the first stage of the the training program and just what what does gold really want to do if stocks are going to go higher then it's it's confused and should come lower but if the Fed are dovish and the dollars weak and you know people are hedging themselves for you know something bad to happen later in the year it's really undecided and you're seeing that here you're seeing that here we're getting squeezed from both ways if I were medium-term trading you know I really would just be you know waiting really waiting for you know a bigger move to happen we spiked higher but then obviously came down early hours a couple of days ago let's put this back on the 60 minute and lower that time frame today's higher the r1 previous highs from what we're talking here the 10th of the month it's pretty key keeping on this trend line to the downside because that could be an opportunity should that that go as well which we have seen on on previous days when those trend lines go in gold you can really get decent move so that's what I'll be focusing on lower you know shorter term trend lines from yesterday's low in the mix there as well to have marked up but some nice levels some nice levels s&p yesterday's drifted lower didn't after making a new all-time high when will we get bored of saying that key level to the downside though you know if you were of the the bearish persuasion you'd be happy to be you know looking medium term short below 3308 3309 today's s1 the low that we had Tuesday the high that we had on the morning of the 16th before we broke through into that evening decent area of support where you know below that fine we could you know get a bit of a drift lower you know got the double top from yesterday on the all-time highest bit of profit taking so at the back end of the week people maybe don't want to hold that risk over the weekend maybe more virus announcements comes out you know below there those headlines perhaps carry a bit more weight levels below there I would be marking up 3300 and and just a bit below that to below today's s2 as a as a key point and if we go on that daily chart where would I be a massive buyer of a dip well ultimately and I don't think we we get anywhere near this for a very long time but that top end of that trend channel that we broke through would be the the place where I really like I really don't think we get there for quite some time and and here just looking on the on the daily chart 3300 I like the look of and I would say also going back if we could get anywhere near 3263 I'd be be a buyer but I don't think that happens I don't think that happens I think we just will gradually grind higher and you know hit those milestones certainly in the down of the 30,000 there's still a level where I think could get drawn towards it would take its time but I think we do get there eventually relatively choppy on on trend lines looking here on the s&p but you know 3309 3298 and then 3300 and or above where we're trading when could you get a bit excited about the the push to to attack those new all-time highs pivot looks like a relatively decent area just above there you can see we had that breakdown yesterday so 3324 let's mark that up we're just finding a bit of resistance on where what's the high of the day you know failure to to push through you've got the double bottom in a bit of a range ECB let's see what happens there but some nice levels across the board just to wrap up let's have a quick look over at the DAX which I'm just going to put this on you know the weekly chart that is that we've had this week a new all-time high for the DAX as well the where we close the week will be key and if we were to close where we do now it's a double top it's a failure to push on and and technically is that the point where we start to drift lower ECB may have something to say about that just finding a bit of support here on the the lower 21st below there and here this would be on the more hawkish side of things if they were to go for it just keep a watch on the low of the 8th the low of the 14th and the lowest 17 around 13,380 pretty key level of support where you can see about a few few lows that come in around that area where would I be happy to to be a buyer I will obviously wait for the ECB if we were to get above I mean really here you there's a couple points where you know the yesterday's low into today's high 13 and a half thousand I quite like that if we can get above there I think we do to drift towards the pivot pretty quickly and you know above there well you're now talking all-time highs again hope everyone has a good trading day as usual any questions please you know do get them in the chat we'll cover the ECB through trading live around 12 30 12 45 and then the press conference but markets perhaps just going to drift into that especially the european ones s and p if we can come lower 30 309 the level to keep an eye on gold I'd probably wait and see oil 55 bucks a dollar below where we're trading now could be a very important level to keep an eye hope you'll have a good trading date and I'll catch you all in the chat later on


Hello everyone. In this video, we'll be discussing about shell scripting variables and how file sourcing is done. So by the end of this video, students will be able to demonstrate the use of variables and file sourcing in shell scripting. So this would be a very good moment to understand the basic block diagram of Unix system, which is going to simplify the use of variables and file sourcing in shell scripting. So this is the diagram where we have seen that there is a shell in between the kernel and the application layer. So if you have this knowledge of how to access the hardware, maybe you are connecting some sort of USB drives to your USB port on a computer, and then you want to access it. You need to access it through an application, then probably you should be capable enough to write a shell program to write a command which would access the definite hardware which you are interested in. So this is quite possible if you are known to this basic block diagram of Unix system. So let's get into the demonstration now. So we have logged in into the Ubuntu operating system. Now the first task is to open the terminal. We are logged in with the guest access having a name called root 1. I'll first of all make sure that I'm logging in with admin privilege. So I'm going to make sure that I'm logging in with admin privilege. Now on the screen what I have is I have logged in with root access into this one. Now before doing anything, let us first of all create a small folder within which we are going to have created a folder called example. I'll enter into the folder called example so that whenever I type, we'll be able to list down only the files that we have created for this particular respect to session. Now I'll first of all try to access where I'm currently logged in. I'm logged in into home root 1 example folder here. Let us first of all write a small shell script. So for that I'll be using the usual nano editor. Nano I'll call it file.sh. So the name of the file that I've created is file and I'm trying to use nano editor for editing it. So remember that the first line of any shell script is referred as shebang. So which stands for an indication so which actually indicates what shell is actually native for your operating system. So the best way of what must be the shebang or the first liner of your shell code can be identified by typing a command called so as we are already aware that echo is nothing but it's similar to something like print up statement in your C language or a statement which is responsible for displaying some content to the STD OUT. So I'll try to print echo shell. So this is a system wide variable which is by default generated by the operating system. It's all by the operating system itself at the time of installation. So when I hit enter you will be able to see that we currently have support of this bin slash bash. So I will type the same thing in our program. So this is the first line which is referred as shebang which gives the user for example if I'm writing this shell script code and a second user is trying to read my code and he'll be able to understand that yes the whatever code that this particular file is being written in is based on the bash scripting language. So those shell scripting has very few types of varieties like the con shell or the C shell or the bash shell which is nothing but an improved version of our shell. So whenever you have the support for bash or whenever you are able to see the written type of echo dollar shell as slash bin slash bash it's a meaning that your operating system is a born again shell. So that's the type of the shell which is being supported by your operating system. So once you are ready with the shebang this has to be written in every shell program that you will be writing henceforth. The next part of the shell is comment. So whatever comment you want to write that can be prefixed with a hash sign. So whenever you write something with the help of a hash sign prefixed with that one that is by default not considered by your file as a command. So it can definitely improve the readability of your code and it's always a good practice in programming languages to write your code or equip your code with lots of comments so that whenever a third person is trying to read your code it becomes more readable. Now apart from this here we are going to write commands. Now let us say I want to list it down or I want to simply print a name called waltz. So that whenever I am saving this file by pressing control X and then enter and then sorry after control X you need to press Y and then enter. So this has saved my file now if I simply try to hit LS it will show me the list of files and folders which are available under this current folder. Now under this directory you already have a single file called file.sh which has only read access. So I want to first of all make it executable. So the command for that is going to be chmod plus x so as we have already seen this command in the previous video I'll show you another method of making a particular file executable. So for that you can simply go for chmod then minus r stands for recursive and then simply put a triple seven and then write the name of the file. So now if you try to check you will be able to identify that file.sh is now displayed in green color it's a meaning that it is by default now an executable file. The first part is once you are aware of executing a file you need to understand something about sourcing to the shell window. Now when you try to edit the same file again let me introduce you few things like I want to define a variable. So similar to any programming language here also you have access for a variety of variables but the good part about shell scripting is that you need to simply write things like this. So I'm simply writing name is equal to waltz and then I want to print the same variable. So for that as you can see similar to any programming language name is the variable here waltz is the actual content that I'm trying to store inside this name variable then I want to display the content inside this name variable. So for this what I need to do is use a dollar sign followed by name of the variable and then simply save it. Now if you try to execute this so the part of execution is referred as file sourcing to the shell. So there is a basic difference between the methods which can be followed. So if I simply put .slash file .sh it is executing inside I mean executing inside the same shell so that the output is visible here itself whereas if I try to source the file to the bash by using a second method where you are supposed to write source and then the name of the file .sh then you can see that it is displaying the content of the file also. So there is a difference. So currently as of now you are not aware I mean you are not able to see the difference here but in the back end the basic difference is that whenever you try to execute a file it is executed within the same instance for example if I'm trying to source a file it's a meaning that I'm trying to source the bash available in my operating system with a shell file called file.sh so in the back end it is going to open up another instance and then it executes everything there and then whatever output you are getting there that is actually printed on to the screen here. So there is a very tiny difference between executing a file and sourcing a file so it needs to be taken care of whenever you are about to handle these kind of activities. So that's all for this video here are the references used for this video thank you.


Hi, my name is Sarah. I'm Andre. And I'm Ricky. We study paramedicine at Griffith University at the moment We're in one of our paramedicine practical rooms We use these rooms to run real-time scenarios with simulated mannequins where we assess manage and treat simulated patients So this is where we get our hands dirty What's really cool about these rooms is that the equipment and kits that you find in here are exactly the same as how you would find out on Road so when you eventually do do your first placement you can connect dots and find that it's very immersive and hands-on experience So Ricky and Sarah have just been running a cardiac arrest for about 20 minutes now They've got returned spontaneous circulation. So there's some blood coming into the heart now I am sort of adjusting the electrical rhythms that are going on in our patient's heart here And the guys can see it on their monitor as well as how fast that patient is breathing The heart rate and the blood pressure. I make these moulage props just to enhance the realism because when the students come in instead of having a blank mannequin to look at They can see the visual cue of what's actually happened It makes the scenario a little bit more realistic and lifelike a likely object that they would find embedded in someone


Okay, welcome to comparing CF serverless environments This talk is Gonna be interesting in the sense that it's different from what you've heard from serverless. It's also Something that started out of conversation in the hallways at pivotal like a lot of things tend to happen with CF I'm max and this is my colleague Neema He actually probably could present everything because he did the most of the work He just happened to To be stuck with me So I'll try to make it short and sweet What we want to try to do is to discuss a series of question around serverless and also At the end kind of discuss also where we're heading As IBM you probably heard of us discussing open whisk and Different serverless environments that that we are essentially trying to sell This is not gonna be one of those talk where we're selling that as a matter of fact That's part of the challenge here So we'll get started and then you'll see at the end where we are trying to encourage you to participate So what is serverless computing? There are different definitions, but at the end of the day It's just a web function, right? It's the ability to execute some kind of a remote function from your Program, hopefully it would be something that reacts to some event. So for instance, you have an IOT like some of the Common demos around serverless. So you have a some kind of an internet of thing that's like telling you for instance the weather and then you want to execute some computation or on that and Typically, it would be lightweight Stateless and hopefully cheap because you don't have to keep the container or the VM wherever that code is executing You can just execute it when you need it. So it's very reactive event-based and Hopefully short and sweet sort of like CGI Few people at Pivotal when we were chatting kind of compared it with that and I'm sure on the web They do the same. I think it's a little bit different, but it's similar So what are some questions around serverless and why did we start this work to compare them? Well, obviously the first question being part of CF should be well, why don't you just use Cloud Foundry already, right? I mean we provide all these things and then people will say well with Cloud Foundry you spin up an app You can even do better because you'll have a log You'll have tons of information about what's going on. Why do you reinvent what we've already done with PaaS? I see some people smiling because that's a common question. I think it's a fair point But the people doing serverless will tell you it's a little bit different too, right? Because you you can build a workflow around some of those web functions. So if you look at our solution OpenWisk and even Amazon's or Azure's You'll see that the UI allows you to sort of set up a workflow around different functions That's a little bit harder to do with CF because then you'll have to have different apps and so on so it's a little bit different It's a different model for programming. I think But there are still questions around that right like so what's the advantage? What are the advantages of course cost performance from the perspective of the person operating a serverless environment as well as the person using Serverless environment is a big question. So can you can you kind of compare those? And then of course, could you just use CF, right? That's a typical question So our goals is not to make another CF proposal Because in some ways we want this to be separate from CF although there's some relationship And we also can't possibly explore all serverless environment even though the solution that we have Once we make it open source and we intend to We will you will be able to try other serverless environments Okay, so that's that's part of it and again, of course, you know the big problem with this talk I can tell you up to right before walking to this door. I had people from IBM needing to want to see our slides Because they want to make sure that we're not trying to favor things and of course since we're IBM We're comparing things. How does it look? So you'll see we had to dumb down things a little bit So you'll have to go run the experiments yourself so that you can compare them if you want We actually look pretty good, but we're not the best in every category. So it's kind of like, okay Yeah, I can't even say that so maybe I'm in trouble already So just heard you just said the best part, you know It's also not a full suite of tests. I think that would take a longer effort But it's a it's a good beginning. So the way I like to say it is, you know, we used to be As a company and we're trying to get there where you know, we not only participated but we led we were the leaders And we would help lead efforts and I think that's where we are with serverless We want to help lead the the movement. So think of this as potentially a contribution in that direction So the approach that we're taking is to essentially try to figure out which is best But by defining some experiments and then running those experiments and sharing the results and repeating so very simple very classic you know in some ways Scientific method of which both Neema and I have background and and You know academia, so we're trying to do the same but not fully with the rigor of a scientific paper So with that, I'll pass it to Neema But the first thing I want to mention is that we've looked at all of these environments So Azure obviously is the Microsoft functions. It's in beta open whisk, which is our solution Which isn't in beta also lambda is the only one that's public right now iron IO I'm not sure they are fully beta, but they're certainly part of it and then this thing in the middle called CF serverless that Couple of people at pivotal one in particular. He doesn't want to be named I work with him on Bosch. So, you know That actually hacked up this version so with that I'll pass it to Neema who will talk about the result But he actually is gonna do a cool demo too. So, all right. Thank you Thank you max so I'm Neema and Caviani and I'm a contributor to Diego runtime full-time and This is what we did on the side to understand so so CF serverless or basically serverless systems as a whole So as max mentioned when we started thinking about understanding these different serverless systems We decided that we wanted to have a way to see what the underlying architecture is like and that's one of the reasons we went about Implementing CF serverless so out of the discussions that we had with folks at people at all We decided that okay Let's implement something on top of cloud foundry that more or less emulates the behavior of a serverless system and then based on the Lessons that we learn we go and understand what is the overall behavior of several serverless systems in general So we implemented CF serverless as an application on top of cloud foundry Which can actually turn off and turn on other applications So if you have a function that you want to run and if you want it to be serverless You can deploy it as a cloud foundry application And then there's a layer on top that manages that application when the request come to that application It goes and it starts the application brings the application up responds to your request and then if the application is idle for some some time it takes the application down and By doing it by just turning on and turning off of the application It saves on resources and essentially saves on money So once we did it then we realized okay So that's a very basic implementation of serverless on top of cloud foundry And now what is the lessons that we learned from it and what experiments can we conduct in order to understand how the other systems behave? So we went and basically thought about the possible experiments and we built a system that would allow us to run those experiments So I'm going to show you a demo of what the system is but basically before that I'm going to tell you what experiments we came up with So the first thing that we decided to do was to understand the behavior of these serverless systems on their high throughput and low throughput loads So basically if you have a function that is constantly receiving calls Then what is the behavior of the system and if it's only frequently receiving calls then what is the behavior system then? Why is this important it's because essentially when you have a function that runs as a serverless function What happens is that the code gets loaded into a container, right? And that container has a lifetime usually See of certain like several systems are short-lived containers because they want to save on resources They kill the container as soon as the function and has done with its job, right? So the question is how long this container stays around? For it to be responsive and at the same time be cheap the way be implemented our approach as I mentioned We kill the container if it sits idle immediately The problem with it is that's the next time you call that function Because you have to bring the container back up and redeploy the code and all of that it's going to take time, right? So the question for high throughput versus low throughput was what is the approach that other? Serverless technologies are using the other things that we did were like typical performance measurements and memory intensive computation And we did it by doing matrix multiplications to 300 by 300 Matrix we multiplied them and we just is a known memory intensive Problem and so we measured the amount of time that it actually takes for different functions to respond for CPU intensive We did finding of prime numbers and that's a very common and CPU intensive function We tried the across all the environments that we mentioned We also looked into container management behavior basically the same thing on I mentioned whether the containers stay around Whether they get killed immediately or whether there's another strategy involved so for all the experiments that we did we actually Deployed because we wanted the the the deployments to be similar and close So we gave every single function in every environment 512 megabytes of memory and we deployed all of them In US East because when you go to these cloud platforms, obviously you can choose where your functions and are Deployed except for open this which is I think only available in Dallas. So with open risk. We didn't have that much option So then we started launching requests to these functions and we did two ways of launching requests sequentially so that every request Hits the endpoint after the previous one is finished and then in parallel So all of the requests hit the endpoint at the same time and we did it with 100 requests And we basically did it three times and we did a ramp up period so that we actually have everything up and running before starting to collect it Okay, so for the demo This is basically what you need to supply to the To the basic code that runs the experiment you define all the different environments you define the endpoints and you you define the type of headers and the type of Bodies that are gonna be passed to these HTML calls because at the end of the day DCF These serverless functions are just HTML like HTTP endpoints that you hit And once you provide everything in the right format for those functions. It's just a simple HTTP call So once you provide all those information that what happens is You can define the number of times that actually a function is called and you can define the time between intervals basically every two consecutive calls And it just runs it against all the environments that you have and collects the data and reports the data back So as you can see it comes up with some numbers on how much time it takes for every one of the environments So with that we started running all these experiments against all the environments that I mentioned And we went to all of these environment open with skazure lambda iron IO and deployed these functions the functions that we implemented we implemented the functions in Python and I believe the code for the experiments and also for the Test suite is going to be released. Hopefully sometimes soon. We are planning to make it open source So let's look into the results. I basically for each of the experiments. I'm only Showing one of the environments the one that I thought was more interesting If you look at it for a high throughput function, this is basically a simple echo function You hit the endpoint and it responds with a simple like hello world You see that the all the 100 requests were successful and the average time it took for every request to come back was around like 180 milliseconds or 200 milliseconds and there are spikes in the In the experiments and those are the ones that actually took longer for the for the container to be set up So the spikes that you see are the ones that the container wasn't there So it took probably like close to seven minutes to create the container put the code on and then respond to the first call But once that first call was through the remaining calls, but actually much faster That's why the average is in is there are 200 milliseconds So that was the sequential one right where every request came after the the previous one Then we did it in parallel and Azure was very interesting because as you see there is like there's steep Basically response time like their response time increases kind of linearly as a number of requests as as we basically push more more requests or basically make more calls and It seems like Azure does not a good job Bringing up new containers in order to be able to equally balance the loop I don't know exactly what is behind it But if they had enough resources to respond to these calls, this should be like a flat line This is what we observed in some of the other the better environments Usually no matter how many how many requests would you launch towards an endpoint? It was kind of a flat line But for Azure it actually spiked up So for low throughput, we actually made it so that the same echo function rather than Calling it and basically one after another exactly We made it so that there was like a five minute delay or one minute delay between every every two consecutive calls The way we implemented CF serverless was that if The endpoint was inactive for 30 seconds. We would kill the container We wanted to see what the other platforms do and we actually played with the time Here I'm talking specifically about the one minute delay But we played with five minute delay and ten minute delay to see whether changing the time would actually affect the time that it takes for the container to respond back and Well, CF serverless, we knew what the behavior was the container was killed So every request took around like 10 seconds to respond But we realized that for other environments, they're actually not killing the container What they do is that they freeze the container So they use the C group freezing and it allows them to free up resources, but keep the container on the disk So the next time it's called it's actually slower slightly slower, but not drastically slower So it's not in the order of like seven like seconds. It's usually in the order in the upper end of You know hundreds of milliseconds for for all the other environments that we observe open mist lambda and Azure for iron IO, it's different. The thing with iron IO is that it's specifically designed for running Tasks that are Supposed to run only once but are like heavy in computation So their implementation was very similar to serverless They would bring up a container launch everything into it do that thing and then kill it and throw it away So it would take a lot longer for every single car from iron IO to come back And that was an interesting comparison or observation compared to the other environments So we did the memory intensive function experiment And in a sequential case see this is the usual behavior that you would expect to see from a serverless function a flat line The average was around, you know, 1.3 seconds and all the requests were successful Now we did it in parallel And the interesting one was again Azure one thing we noticed was that out of the calls all the calls that we made only 15% of them were successful and the other ones basically failed and resources got congested for some reason and They couldn't respond immediately. It was usually a timeout or out of memory error that we received when we hit the M For the other environments, it usually was better. It was again kind of like a flat line The other experiment was CPU intensive function. So calculating prime numbers and what I'm showing you here is a sequential case for CF serverless and as you can see except for the sparks that I explained earlier, it's pretty much a flat line 100% success and Each calculation took around 2.5 seconds And we did it in parallel for open-visc and you see that as requests come in It is it goes up like this this pattern kind of similar in all platforms It goes up but not that much the overall average was like around I think this one is actually 26 seconds So I think I am I have a typo here in the case of sequential It actually took 26 seconds and then in the case of parallel the response was around 8 seconds to 9 seconds For the platforms that we experimented So general observations about the experiments that we ran one thing that we realized was timeout was an issue and a lot of these Environments, even though they claim that they actually have configurable timeouts. They really don't for example in Amazon The default is 30 seconds But if you change it to five minutes, it's still 30 seconds like whatever you do. It's 30 seconds For for Azure, it's not configurable yet I think in iteration 22 that came out like a few days ago They made it so that you can configure it. They claim that the default is five minutes But usually what we observe was that as we hit these endpoints, it would usually time out a lot faster than five minutes So, yeah, it's still a kind of a sketch. The other thing is that there is this notion of money versus Time right and the general idea is that if you spend more money, obviously You're going to be able to do things faster and if you think about serverless Even though there are like subtle differences between serverless and a long-running Long-running program at the end. They're more or less the same So if you keep the container around for longer and if you provide more containers and more resources, obviously things are gonna run fast So if you're willing to to basically spend more money then essentially you can have good number of containers running your functions in a long-running model and you can basically Create boilerplate code along all the orchestration that you need between these functions and you can get something similar The point which the server serverless in general is that it's going to help you significantly in terms of resources that in terms of costs of using resources that you would use So the last thing is that the experiments that we are running We're actually moving towards Creating it something that everybody can use and everybody can run against their environments We're hoping to be able to release both the code for running the experiments and also the actual Benchmarks open source so that in case you're interested you can try it with your with your own environments I Think with that. Yeah The one thing we want to discuss I think we Maybe I should have stress is that a lot of these environment is still in beta. So like what can whisk is in beta as yours and beta I don't know. I'm not so sure We tried to get Google functions and those not only send beta, but you can even use it. So the point is Numbers we're showing you here of beta except for lambda. So keep that in mind but what we want to do in terms of You know, where do we go from here is to release something like a spec server less So to that extent what we did is to we've got a draft It is actually a document. So if you drop down that Google We sent us email we'll send it to you and this is to essentially say there is spec server less is Something we think could be useful and there is gonna be a way to run some experiments around it and obviously Part of the idea is not only to release the experiment runners and the experiments publicly, but to get everybody Tried on their own environments. So that you know, maybe you can optimize it and part of the idea of creating a like a spec is You know how when Intel releases new CPUs then you can run spec ant or different benchmarks to kind of compare the The CPUs and I think serverless environment might have a similar Potential so we'd love to hear your opinion about this If you're interested, we'd love to have you know collaboration. This is very early in the You know in the stage of where a serverless computing is gonna go but this is potentially a way for you to get engaged in and Would use something that would be valuable So with that we thank you you'll find us on Twitter here and then we can take some questions


Everybody for a syrup in 22 23 optic choice basketball 10 box number 13 tiered find the results on history in any time Elite sports cards calm. We'll go ahead and get started now. Let's do it All right y'all coming up soon as optic football team all 18 to go All right, got a hollows of call-doll poke for the nugs and Jay Chantate Rockets Got a wizards retro auto Juan Howard read the 88 Paul George Clippers Red and green Tyler hero heat Loot of 24 Gordon Hayward Hornets and rookies of Johnny Davis wizards and It's kind of hip in junior Lakers the Los Garcia Hello Bogdanovich Pistons and Vince Williams Jr. For the Grizzlies I Got a Nick's retro auto Walt Frasier Right to 88 Lamello for the Hornets Loot of 24 buddy healed Pacers Red and green O shape or set Pacers Rookie's Grizzlies Kenneth Lofton Jr. And Heat Nicolai Yovitch All right, hollow Nets Ben Simmons and Pacers Chris Duarte Rookie optics autographs rookie O check Bajie for the jazz Here we go jazz right 88 for the heat is Tyler hero Got green dragon is Anthony Davis Lakers Red and green John Wall Clippers and rookies Pistons Jaden Ivy and Kings Keegan Murray Hollow for the Celtics Malcolm Brogdon Palo Ben caro magic rated rookie nice hollow Got a comminga optographs warriors auto Red for the Celtics Malcolm Brogdon. Oh, we got a nebula coming up That's to 88 also to 88 is David Roddy Grizzlies. Here we go Tray man nebula thunder one of one Great nebula for okc nice second-year Tray man Jeffrey are Lane showed up just in time for the thunder nebula Happy for you Jeffrey beautiful hit Yep Rockets rookie is tie-tie washing and Hawkes-Ager Griffin and also a dullest Garcia's on TV So Lane is just in his bag right now Or Rosarano It's looking like rainy's gonna take it. It's like Garcia's not quite not quite got it He's had some nice ones though. I don't know they didn't show the stars for Randy's. It was weird like One shirt up like the very end He's got to hit a bunch right now I don't think it's gonna have a hollow subbonus Kings and Jane Hardy Mavericks Andrew Nemard on the rated rookie signatures choice redemption for the for the Pacers Red to 88 for the Kings the monosubbonus Green choice Pat Bev green dragon Pat Bev magic That's awesome. Coloco green dragon for the Raptors rated rookie and Rookies of Ivy and Murray Weird he didn't take it with like a minute to go got hollow blazers Kam reddish Trey Jones Spurs Red choice auto for the magic Wendell Carter, Jr. Oh, we don't we don't care at all Sanchez I mean we like it when people leave the stickers on it. It's just like a brand thing. You can take it off No, we're not gonna get upset, but yeah, we like it when people leave those stickers on I see cards and late stickers on all the time in mags on eBay I See photos of my hands on eBay sometimes People can't wait to get their car. They just list it with the photo that I'm like holding it right here Red to 88 Grizzlies, Jaren Jackson, Jr. And I'm like, okay. All right. All right. I Guess I'm really stay though. It's like You got green Kessler jazz Busevich bulls Tie tie washing and Rockets and Griffin Hawks.  It's got to be like big enough. You know what I mean? Not taking pictures of your guys's prism silvers Not a hand model Steve 17 is pretty good though like that's solid Brandy just hits him. Hey, he was hitting him fast dude got hollow Scotty Barnes Raptors and Deere and Fox Kings Dale Ellis Sonic's auto going to the Thunder on the retro red to 88 is Bogdanovic Hawks Red and green McCollum Pelicans Black and gold Kyrie Irving Dallas Greg be with the Mavs Kyrie four of eight black and gold nice Got rookies of spurs Malachi Brannum and T. Wolves Josh been not all over your boat. Hey, that happens Edward Hey, that's how it goes. I've been there, too No hate at all zero Appreciate it actually. I mean hey what the photo that's that's yours. Hello Cunningham Pistons Sohan Spurs Rookie optics auto spurs is Blake Wesley Glad we've hold the Nebula though. I'm good player too ready 88 Gray Salon bucks Ready to rookie red to 88s Mavericks Jaden Hardy Mavericks nice break red and green Laverte calves and rookies for the Blazers Jabari Walker and Blake Wesley for the Spurs 16 to go now on optic team all Camp of the Nationals two weeks away Last couple. All right, who's up now Adley's up. Oh boy. So this is Adley and Louise Robert than now Got a hollow Jimmy Beller Heats and Max Christie Lakers Redemption Cavaliers Isaiah Mobley on the rated rookie signatures choice Red to 88 bucks. You honest on the Kumpo Red and green that's Ben Simmons blue to 24 here is a Donovan Mitchell Cavaliers 17 to 24 calves good box for you and Rookies have Chad Holmgren for the Thunder and Andrew Nemard Pacers. Oh Vaughn Do we move I think Donnie broke Vaughn for good Hollow Kyrie Irving Mavericks and Lamella ball Hornets Franz Wagner on the choice autograph magic second-year Franz Otto Red 88 operant shingun Rockets Red and green Kevin Herter Kings Green choice Franz Wagner magic or green dragon I should call it green choice dragon and rookies Rockets Tarry Eason and Grizzlies David Roddy Oil yellow on what's an oil yellow? I'm about to give Stevie yellow. What is this about? Are we got autos of Franz Wagner redemption Cavs Isaiah Mobley a Blake Wesley for the spurs Dale Ellis on us go to the Thunder Wendell Carter, Jr. Andrew Nemard Pacers redemption Jonathan Kaminga Oshak Baji Walt Fraser Joann Howard and Nebula one of one for the Thunder Trey Mann Grats, okay, see thanks again everybody moving on to prison basketball fast break


Minnesota Monthly is going to shine a spotlight on 2017's Best Minnesota Town, which is the best town that embodies the spirit of Minnesota. Both Bemidji and Walker are in the top five towns that have been selected. Bemidji, known as the first city on the Mississippi and the home to Minnesota Monthly's best roadside attraction, Paul Bunyan and Babe the Blue Ox. Visit Bemidji will be sending a delegation of community members down to the Best Minnesota Party to celebrate the honor and to see if the city of Bemidji will be recognized as number one. We are taking a shuttle bus, and we have got a good representation of all of the key community stakeholders, and so we're going to have a parade of plaid as we go down and join in this great celebration. The town of Walker will also be present at the party and is honored to be recognized as one of Minnesota's best towns. Walker and Bemidji are the only two towns north of the Twin Cities that are up for the honor, which some say goes to show why Northern Minnesota is so special. I think that just goes to show how we can be Northern Minnesota, but yet we've got some pretty special characteristics in whatever size town you're in. Now the winner of the Best Minnesota Town Contest will be showcased in a multi-page editorial feature, receive a campaign valued at over $50,000, and have a party thrown in its honor. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


Not me.   What is up, everybody? This is Chris from the Rewired Soul, where we talk about the problem, but focus on the solution. And if you're new to my channel, typically what I do is I take different topics from the YouTube community or pop culture and try to see what lessons we can learn from them. But something I absolutely love is psychology and just our behaviors and our thoughts and all that stuff. So sometimes I do videos on that. But anyways, if you're into any of that stuff, make sure you subscribe and ring that notification bell and follow me over on Instagram and Twitter at the Rewired Soul. So yeah, the title of this video, why arguing with people is absolutely pointless. So if you're like me, you get baited, right? You get sucked into these things. Like how many times have you ever been in an argument with somebody, whether it's a random person online, whether it's on Facebook or it's on Twitter or the YouTube comment section?  And then you do it again and you're like, how did I fall for it again, right? Because we go into these things, thinking we're gonna change the other person's mind or they're gonna see our side. But in this video, we're gonna discuss why that doesn't happen, all right? And we're gonna dive into the psychology behind it. But real quick, and I'll remind you of this later as we dive into the solution, like always remember this, it's a lot easier for us to fix us than it is to try to fix the rest of the world, all right? So acknowledging this about human nature, it can help us improve ourselves. Chance is all we're not gonna fix anybody else. All right, so anyways, for all of you who think that you're so different, all right? Let's do a quick little experiment, okay? So on a scale of one to 100, okay? One being terrible, 100 being the best. How would you rate yourself as a driver compared to other people, all right? On a scale of one to 100. Second question, how would you rate your leadership abilities on a scale of one to 100, okay? Any number, any number between those. So you have two numbers in mind right now. I will bet all of you, and I have no idea how many people are gonna see this video, but I will bet all of you $5 that you picked a number over 50, all right?  I'll take that bet, because based on what we know about human nature and psychology is you all picked a number over 50. And you know why? It's something called the better than average effect, all right? And this is something that psychology and social sciences has proven time and time again through a ton of studies, all right? Some of you know I've just been binging the hell out of different books on psychology and philosophy and everything like that, and this keeps coming up. Like I'm just fascinated by human nature, right? Some of the books that you wanna check out, like that little experiment I just did with all of you, I pulled that from this book I'm reading right now, I'm almost done with it. It's called Situations Matter, but you can also read books from Jonathan Hyde. It's like The Righteous Mind and The Happiness Hypothesis. I also think that Hyde Mind talked about these studies too with the better than average effect, all right? But here's the thing, like we naturally think that we're better than average. So here's something real quick from the APA, all right? So with this study, I'll read a little bit of it, all right? It says, the better than average effect is considered to be one of the most robust of all self enhancement phenomena. The better than average effect shares this distinction with the optimistic bias, the tendency to overestimate one's chances of good fortune and to underestimate one's risk for misfortune. Whereas the better than average effect pertains to self versus average peer comparisons on behavior and trade dimensions, the optimistic bias involves comparisons about life events such as winning the lottery or getting divorced. Although we concentrate on the better than average effect in this chapter, many of the issues underlying the better than average judgments apply as well to relative risk assessments. So I will link that down below if you wanna dive into this a little bit. But here's the thing, like when we're talking about arguing with other people, like we're not going to change people's mind. Like just to put it to the test again, when's the last time that someone really changed like a hardcore belief that you had, right? Like it's very rare. Most of us walk into a situation with a fixed idea about something, right?  Your kids don't wanna go somewhere. They're like, oh, this is gonna be boring. My son sometimes is like, oh, I don't wanna try that food. It's gonna be nasty and all these other things, right? And then sometimes that person, sometimes it's us, we still see it as negative even though it might not be, right? Because we already have a fixed idea of it, all right? So when it comes to the better-than-average effect, here's the thing. This doesn't mean the person you're having an argument with thinks that they're the smartest person in the world, but what we know about the better-than-average effect is they think they're smarter than you, all right? And that is one of the issues, okay? So we get trapped into these arguments arguing about the silliest things, but the thing is we and our ego makes us believe that we're always right. Like, sit back and ask yourself this, okay? I want you to ask yourself two questions.  Extremely rare. Now, let's flip it. Let's turn that thing around real quick.  No, like, we all think that we're right. And by the way, I'm including myself in this. So let's talk about the solution. Like, what can we do about this? Again, it's a lot easier for us to fix us than it is to fix the rest of the world. The best thing that we can do, the best thing that I found is that we need to be self-aware. We need to understand our tendencies and these kind of biases that we have and how we think that we're always right and our way is the right way because that constantly encourages conflict, right? Because now that you know that I think that way and you think that way, how are we ever gonna meet in agreement, right? So the most I can do is understand that when I'm having a conversation with you or I'm going through the comments, I'm like, oh, you think that you're right and why is this? Because we are all shaped by our life experiences. Where you're at right now in your life, you are just a big sum of every experience that you've had since you were born and so many things factor into that, how you were raised, who your parents were, right? Traumas, the schools you went to, the education that you have, what part of the country you were raised in, how much traveling have you done? All of these factor in to us thinking that we're always right. So the most we could do is try to empathize and understand that the other person is gonna think that. You know what I mean? But we also gotta catch ourselves and say, okay, is my better than average effect coming in right now? Am I thinking that I'm just a little bit smarter than everybody else? Do I think that I'm just so much different and I know something that they don't know, right? Because what happens is we get extremely stubborn and we cause a lot of our own problems. So what can you do? Something that I'm working on actively and it's gotten a lot better is I try to just not engage. I avoid these especially online debates and everything like that. A great example is earlier this morning, I posted a video that I knew was gonna get a ton of negative comments, but I haven't seen them. Cause I didn't check the comments after I posted, I don't know, five, 10 minutes after I posted. So yeah, it was real quick because I'm just like, I know what the comments are gonna be like. People are coming into this with a fixed idea. So why am I going to cause my own distress and do that? Why am I going to argue with people who already have an opinion, right? So I'm not saying like, I don't want to ever not encourage debate, but you need to read your audience. You need to read who you're having this conversation with.  You know what I mean? So just kind of wise up, be self-aware and say, oh, okay, this person is not, they're not wavering. And when it comes to this self-awareness too, what I've been trying to do lately is be really mindful of the content that I watch, right? I watch a lot of stuff about politics. Obviously I watch a lot of commentary here on YouTube and everybody, all it is is just opinions, that's it. And we gravitate towards people who agree with our worldview. Like all we're doing, we are just like these magnets to people who agree with us. You know, so I just walk into things, try to clear my mind for my own opinions and then go from there, all right? But we all think that we're better than average, all right? So anyways, quit wasting your time, arguing with people on the internet. Chances that you're gonna change their opinion are slim to none. The only thing that you can do is notice it within yourself and try to do something about it, all right? But anyways, that's all I got for this video. If you liked this video, please give it a thumbs up. If you're new, make sure you subscribe and ring that notification bell. And a huge, huge thank you to everybody supporting the channel over on Patreon and everybody who supports the channel in other ways like buying my books and merch and all that kind of stuff, all right? Thanks again for watching. I'll see you next time.


Buckingham Palace has announced that the Queen has pulled out of this year's state opening of the Parliament and the reading of the Queen's speech, making it the first time since 1963 that the Queen will have missed this constitutional ceremony, which sets out the government's legislative plans. Prince Charles will deliver the speech for the Queen as the 96-year-old monarch has mobility problems and has had to cancel a number of recent public appearance, that's according to a statement, until Monday evening Buckingham Palace had been saying the Queen hoped to attend but has now confirmed she will not go to the ceremony in Westminster. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.