Okay, thank you. I'm going to talk about A40PRNG in a voting system, and this is what I like to call a real-world cryptographic disaster. I'm going to spoil the story, so it didn't ultimately become a disaster, it's just a cryptographic disaster, by which I mean we didn't actually reveal any votes, but all the cryptography failed in a quite spectacular fashion, and at one point it looked like we had put tens of thousands of ballots on the internet in the clear. So I'm just going to make this exciting, and the exciting part is, of course, how does he get out of this one at one point? But it is all going to end well, so there is no reason to have a heart attack underway. Okay, so let me just say what we're all on about. We're on about internet voting. This is voting from home. A voter gives his computer his vote, the computer encrypts it, passes it through the internet. The encrypted vote arrives at some infrastructure, lots of stuff happens. Typically there are lots more arrows when you look at the full protocol, but this is the basic idea, and eventually a result comes out. Now, of course, voting is, as we may have noticed over the past couple of years, voting is an interesting attack target, and internet voting has lots of attack surfaces. You have the internet, first of all, very, well, a bad place. The voter's computer, a very bad place, and if you've been looking at who these voters have been elected, I'm not going to trust them either. So, I mean, there's lots of bad things. If you're in the US, you don't trust the infrastructure. In Norway, we trust the government. I like to use the phrase, we trust the government not to intentionally screw up, which, yeah, and of course, one of the really interesting things with voting, especially voting from home, it doesn't really matter if it's via the internet or if you're writing ballots and putting them in the mail, coercion. Someone's helping you vote. And this is a real thing. People are willing to help other people vote. And somehow, sometimes, people aren't so happy after they've been helped. So, this is a very difficult problem. And one of the things that makes it so difficult is that as a system designer, you have to defend against all these attacks. The attacker, he chooses how he wants to attack you. So, if you have many different attacks, and as we all know, when you try to defend against one thing, you open up for the other, which means that voting systems, they tend to include lots of moving parts, lots of nice cryptography. So, it's really interesting. Now, we need to think about context because voting happens not in a conference like this with a nice presentation on the on it. It really involves people, politicians. And, I mean, in Norway, we wanted to do internet voting, but a lot of people didn't want to do it. Typically, they're very worried about coercion, and they have very good reasons to be worried. They see this as a real thing. Unlike here in Switzerland, where by definition coercion doesn't happen, they have lots of vote by mail. Okay. So, we see this really interesting thing in parliament. There's a big debate. Everyone's against voting, internet voting. And then, through the magic of democracy, when they come to the vote, there's a majority for voting. I like that because then my cryptography was deployed, which is kind of nice. Now, in 2011, we deployed something. It all worked. Everything was nice. But still, there's this big political controversy, which means that politicians, what do they do when there's some controversy? Well, they say, oh, do we have to decide now? Do we have to decide now? Can we delay it a bit? And of course, it gets delayed, which means you can't start preparing until the politicians have actually decided to do this stuff. So, and what do you care about the delay? We had a system. It ran in 2011. It worked well. Well, you always want to improve your system. So, in 2011, we used one cryptographic protocol, and I really wanted to improve it. I'd written the first protocol or most of the protocol very, very quickly. So, it wasn't really elegant. The security proof was even less elegant. Yeah, we want to improve it. In 2011, we used all the cryptography happened in the small Java applet. Anyone remember those? Anyone remember how much of a pain Java in the browser was? Yeah. So, we wanted to get rid of that, which meant we're going to do cryptography in JavaScript. Okay. So, we're replacing one form of pain with a different form of pain. But cryptography, even back in 2011, 2012, JavaScript was improving. I mean, it's much better today. But even then, JavaScript was, it wasn't the pain that it was in, say, 2005 when it was completely hopeless.  You really want to check that your vote was counted. So, there were lots of stuff we wanted to do. And there wasn't a lot of time. So, we got what we call a rush job. Okay. And we all know you shouldn't do that. So, okay. Now I want to show you just a part of the protocol that we really need to know about. And it's really simple what we need to know about to explain what happened. And that's quite simple. The voter tells the computer what to vote. The computer encrypts the ballot and this is fairly simple encryption. Algomile plus some added stuff. The ciphertext goes to the infrastructure. Something happens. Lots of stuff happens, which is not on this figure. And then one of the things that happens is because we want this verifiability, the hashes of the ciphertext is put on the Internet. This kind of commits the infrastructure to include this ciphertext in the count, which means it can't discard your ballot if it feels like it. So, this improves verifiability. Voters are actually able to check that their ballot was included in the count. And this is a good thing. I have no idea if anyone actually did check. But it's minority interest, this verifiability thing. Now, today randomness in JavaScript is completely solved. There's standard APIs. You can do this by calling what is called get random values or whatever. Back in 2011, 2012, yes, this API had appeared, but support wasn't uniform over all browsers. So, essentially, yes, it was a solved problem, but it was a bit inconvenient. So, what do you do? Well, you build your own pseudorandom later. But you build it in such a way that you take randomness from known sources that are known to be good, and then you just run AES encounter mode to get randomness. So, our vendor, and I would very much like to say that I designed most of the cryptography, but I did not write a single line of code. Not my fault. But our vendor then did this perfectly reasonable function. So, you start by making sure when you want to generate some randomness that you actually have some key material to generate from. Then you run AES encounter mode. And if you generate a lot of randomness, well, then you rekey underway. I mean, this is a completely standard thing. And then when you're done, what you do is you rekey again, right? And now, some of you should have been laughing because you have now seen the bug. But as you notice, the bug isn't that easy to see except when you notice its effects. But anyway, the bug was noticed not because of code inspection, but because of its effects which I'm going to go back to. But the effect of this bug, I'm deliberately not telling you because it's kind of nice to feel that you don't see it, but it's there. The point of this bug is that this generator that was implemented, it will give you one random number, and afterwards it's going to give you fixed random numbers every time. Okay? So you get one random number, and then you get fixed random numbers that are fixed for everyone. Same random number, no matter what. First time you call it random number, then fixed random numbers. That's the important thing. It is, and then we go back to look at this, and I said the encryption of the ballot, that's a straight Elgamal encryption. Elgamal requires one random number, so we're okay. The encryption is nice. It works. Okay. Then we can go home. Unfortunately not, because as I said, we have to defend against lots of things in voting, and one of the things we need to defend against is someone, for instance, just copying someone else's encryption and resubmitting it. There are lots of really clever attacks that you can do with this that show up in real voting systems. So we have to defend against it, and how do we defend against that? We have a snor proof that proves essentially that you know the randomness used in the first used in the Elgamal encryption. Now, those of you who know snor proofs, you know that snor proof ends up with a linear relation between the randomness you want to prove you know, and the randomness used in the snor proof. So the snor proof is using some randomness, and our random generator, it gives you a fixed value, it gives you four, and it gives you a linear relation between the randomness that isn't random and the randomness that you want to prove you know, which means our snor proof is basically telling us the randomness of the encryption, which means the snor proof, which is there to defend it now because of this random number generator breaking open the encryption instead. As an unintended consequence, who knew the random number generator would be destroyed. But this is okay, we can defend against it, the cryptography has failed completely, but remember this server is not on the internet, well it is on the internet, but it's well defended, you can put a guard at the door, you can do blah, blah, blah, blah. So this is okay, there's this TLS channel that everything is inside, so it's okay. But then comes the real kicker, and that means when doing the El Gamal encryption, the encryption code sometimes discarded the first random number, which means that the encryptions, about half of them are encrypted using a fixed random number. And that's bad, but what's worse is when you realize we're putting hashes of these ciphertexts on the internet, and the only thing that's random is, or that's unknown, is the voter and his vote, which is easy to guess. So at one point it looked like anyone could go on the internet, guess a voter and his vote, and check if the guess was correct. That's putting tens of thousands of votes in the clear on the internet. Fortunately, and this is a bit embarrassing, this didn't happen, why? Because somehow our vendor hadn't actually implemented it as I thought they would. There's an authentication token lying around, and they included it in the hash. I think that's called luck. Okay, but anyway. So the protocol is probably secure, the implementation, well, no. Take your time when you implement crypto. You really need some time to do this. In 2011, we had more time, things happened that would have discovered this bug. In 2013, we didn't have time. The really interesting thing is that nobody cares, except for people in this room. Nobody cares. There was no press, no, well, we told everyone this bad thing happened. No newspaper reported it. No one cares. There was one quibble about the headline of the press release saying that we nearly lost everything. That was it. No one cares. So when the government says no more internet voting, this is not why it's a coercion, not this. No one cares. And we've since used internet voting many times. Thank you. We have time for one quick question. Well, you're saying people are not bothered or I can take one example of India where there is not internet voting, but EVM, electronic voting machine. So do you see such scenarios exist even with EVM, which are not connected on internet? If this bug had happened in an increasing voting system, a voting machine, it would have had more or less the same consequences. If you had verifiability, things could have flown out onto the internet in the same way. So is there an impact on the votes that are stored on the machine? Likely impact? This thing only impacted confidentiality. It did not impact integrity. Integrity of the election was never in doubt, but confidentiality, and as we all know, if you cannot guarantee confidentiality, you don't have integrity either. But when an accident impacts confidentiality, that might not be so serious for integrity. Thank you. Okay, let's thank Speaker again.


So a brief introduction of who we are. We are a team of conservation finance, climate finance, specialists that are working for the Aayushian Netherlands Committee and for the Global Resilience Partnership. We are Maxim Ayselin, myself, I am Jan Willem Dan Besten, Jules Koppen, the three of us are with the Aayushian Netherlands Committee and Jesper Hernberg is with the Global Resilience Partnership and he is also a part of this session of four meetings where we talk about developing business cases for your climate adaptation projects and as part of this work stream we work towards the Dragon's Den session on Thursday where you can pitch your idea if you have a project that you would like to pitch. Next slide please. So today you are in the introduction session. This is an introduction to the process this week and in this session we set the scene for the issue of business case development. We all are working on projects, climate adaptation projects. Most of the participants in this week, the CBA 15, most of us are working with local communities on climate projects and there is a need to diversify our income for these projects and so the role of private finance, the role of business development can be a useful way to find additional resources for your project. So today we have an introduction of what it means to focus on business case development. This current session is the introduction to that and today at one o'clock we have a more in-depth session about developing your business case. Tomorrow at nine o'clock there is a pitch training that Jasper will lead. The pitch training is meant to help you develop a presentation in which you present your project and the potential business case around your project. Then on Thursday we have the pitch event where you are able to present your project to a group of dragons. The dragons are critical but friendly specialists in the finance sector and they are there to ask you questions and give you advice on how to improve your project proposal. I would like to emphasize that you don't have to take part in this pitch session. Of course we would like to encourage you but it's not necessary to join these sessions. You can also join these sessions if you just want to learn, if you just want to exchange ideas. But we of course do encourage you to take part and to do pitch your idea because it's a great opportunity to get feedback on your project and on the potentials that it might have to develop into a project that can attract different kinds of investments. So Friday the announcement of the winner of the pitch event will be announced. Next slide please. So today's program is like this. We would like to of course hear from you who you are and very briefly what you work on. Then we will look at what is the finance gap for adaptation because we all are here because we work in climate action, in climate adaptation with communities and as most of us will know from experience it's quite difficult to find the necessary resources to implement and scale up these projects. Then we will briefly look into what it means to engage business and the private sector in business in the development of your projects and finally we will tell you a little bit more about how the Dragon's Den session works and the pitch training tomorrow that is a preparation for the Dragon's Den. Next slide please. So please I would like to suggest that we take a round to introduce yourself with your name, your organization, and your role. I'm not sure how many participants, we have 18 participants. So in order to make good use of our time let's be brief. So myself, as I already said, my name is Jan-Willem Denbesten. I work for IUCN Netherlands Committee and in this organization I coordinate our conservation and climate finance work. So who's next? I am Celine de Cruz. I work as a visiting researcher at the International Center for Climate Change and Development and I'm working on the Climate Bridge Fund along with BRAC, SDI and IGN. Welcome, nice to meet you. Nice to meet you. My name is Maxime Eislen. I work for IUCN in the Netherlands as an expert green economy. I'm a colleague of Jan-Willem. I will be moderating the second session about business case development. I'm younger than 35, I'm 32 and this is the third CBA that I'm attending. I'm Jesper Hornberg so I'm working with innovation and scaling at the Global Resilience Partnership and co-hosting this with Jan-Willem and Maxime and Jul. I am slightly older than 35 but very excited to be here and this is my third CBA as well, my second virtual one and I look forward to seeing you all live next time. My name is Jul Koepen. I am in my second year of my master's study forest and nature conservation and currently working at the IUCN Netherlands at the Conservation Finance Department. I'm 27 so a lot younger than 35 luckily still and in this session I will be your Zoom host, the guy behind the scenes and I'm really looking forward to hearing your pitches and ideas and this is my first CBA session. Thanks, who's next? Hi, I'm from Nepal. I'm working with Cleely knows Nepal. Yeah, I'm younger than 35 currently I'm 29 and this is my second time in CBA but first time in Dragonstone. Thank you. Thanks. Thank you. Good afternoon. My name is Prabhakar Bhava. I am from Bangladesh. I am working in the NGO Ipsha as a program manager of the location of climate displacement program and I attended the CBA in 2009-2012 held in Dhaka, Bangladesh and so thank you again when the CBA earlier conferencing in Bangladesh I attended the program. Thank you so much. Welcome. Hello, can I go? Yes. Hello. Go ahead. Yes, I'm Kaganga John. Hello, Kaganga. What organization are you working for? I'm working with the Equestrations and yes, Chikan Environmental Association and I'm a small farmer. I have been practicing promoting local innovation which is more of community-based adaptation, promoting it. I have been. Oh, it's a problem with this mic. Well, an activist for... It's a problem with the mic. Yeah. Yeah, unfortunately you are breaking up maybe a chip in later when your connection is better. Yeah. I'm happy to do this meeting. There is some problem with the audio system. Yeah. Thanks a lot. When your connection is better, you always can come in and give your final details. Who else? We have 18 participants so... Mire? Yes. Hi, everyone. My name is Dini Damal. Currently working as resilience small advisor in Mexico. I work in a disaster resilience flagship program that works across three countries. I'm currently from Nepal. I'm turning 35 this October and this is my first CVU. Thank you. Thank you. Welcome. Hello, everyone. My name is Amil Harikishan and I'm a policy officer at the Global Resilience Partnership, one of the co-convenants of the Dragonsten working with Jesper Hornberg. I'm from South Africa, joining you here today from Johannesburg and I'm younger than 35. Really looking forward to engaging with all of you and we'll get an opportunity to engage more directly in some of the breakout sessions. Thank you all and engage with you soon. Hi, everybody. My name is Theresa Cochran. I'm in the communications team at IID, one of the organizers of CBA 15. I'm not actually here to join one of the sessions and work through a business case pitch. Rather just to sort of listen in. I'll be tweeting from the sessions and hopefully doing some sort of any interviews with with a few of you because my role really is to sort of cover the event. I'm older than 35 by a considerable amount and it's my fourth CBA. Nice to meet you all. Thank you, Theresa. Hi, everybody. I'm Josephine Walenok from Brussels, Belgium. I'm visiting a tourney working at the Environmental Law Institute. They are based in DC but I'm based in Belgium. I'm working mainly with small-scale fisheries, coastal communities and I'm still younger than 35 and it's my first time attending CBA so I'm really looking forward to it. Thank you. Thank you. Great to see so many young people. I forgot to tell you but you probably saw that already that I'm older than 35 but that may be clear. So who's next? Yes, hi. My name is Josephine Walenok. I'm coming from Tanzania working with CINGERA called the Sustainable Environmental Management Action as a technical workshop officer. I'm 34 years and this is my first time to attend CBA. Thank you. Welcome. Thank you. Did everyone have a chance to introduce him or herself? Okay, now I come. Yes, to come in. My name is very, very big one. I'll make a shot. JV. It's very difficult to pronounce for you. JV. Jagannath Minkatlamanya. And the organization I am from Bangalore University and the role is I'm a technical advisor to Water Institute which is attached to the civil engineering department of the university and also I'm a retired scientist engineer at ISRO, Indian Space Research Organization as a ground support. My domain was the ground support in the water supply, sanitation, and environmental facilities. And I'm from and also a research scholar since 2015 in climate resilient urban water security. And I must also say one more point here. I'm greatly benefited by IAED because in 1992 I was one of the lucky ones to get sustainable development library gift in the year 1992. And I met David, old friend at IAED headquarters two years back. And I'm not younger than 35. I'm a little lesser than double 35 because my age is 64 now, 20. And I have attended many programs of IAED in the lockdown period. And a significant one has been the Gobeshana at Bangladesh. And it has been extremely enriching. That's it. I look forward for enabling community to take care of its environment. This dragon is a pleasant surprise for me in fact. Because I'm aware of this partnership and I look forward for learning here also. Bring some partnership in the ongoing project. We have a good number of projects in Bangalore urban water, star water management, river. Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you, Janata. And great to hear your diverse experience and background. And I would like to also say that we are here to learn from each other, to meet each other, to find ways to collaborate, to share networks. So I would also encourage to take part by asking questions, by making comments either in the chat box or by raising your hands. Because this is not about us producing a whole load of information. We of course give a little bit of information, but mostly these sessions are to collaborate and work together and learn from each other. And unfortunately, we have to do this via this abstract online system. But at the same time, it's great. Because it does work even when we're not physically together. So yeah, so who's next? Who hasn't been able to present him or herself? Hi. Hello. Hello, good morning. Good morning. Yep. My name is Sheikh Abdul Qadir Baba. I'm working for TMG research. It's Berlin based think tank, working on sustainability issues. So I'm a research associate and I'm responsible for two projects in Benin and Burkina Faso. In Benin, we have like a two project, one dealing with sustainable land management and no larger diffusion, let's say upscaling activities. And the other one is trying to use a digital mapping as a way to link land degradation neutrality initiative and land governance. So I'm from Benin myself, but I'm based in Germany and I'm older than 35 years old. It's my first time. So thanks. Thank you. Thank you very much, Czech Abdel. Can I perhaps also do a proposal? Could everyone write their name, their organization and maybe your email address if you want to in the chat so that we have an overview of everyone that is in this session. That would be great so that we know who was here. So if you find the chat and if you can state your name, organization and email address, then that would be great. So we can stay in touch if you want of course. I think there's still a few people that have to introduce themselves. Anyone who would like to say a few words, if not, as I said, do share your information in the chat and I would like to ask Jules to go to the next slide please. And this is an interactive session. Jules, perhaps you are best placed to tell us how to use Mentimeter and what the question is. Yes, of course. With the Mentimeter you can provide answers, short answers, one or two words. On the question, which problem do you want to solve or address during these sessions? And then the answers will pop up. We also had this yesterday. So please just go to www.menti.com and then you can fill in the code 4778303 and I will share the Menti now as well. And we already have our first answer. Yes, inequality. I like that one because it's one of the most crucial aspects of the work that we do. So yes indeed, inequality I think is a very important component. Ecosystem degradation lies at the base of a lot of climate and other sustainability problems. I see access which of course also has to do with equality and inequality. I give a little bit more time because many of you were also working on putting your information in the chat box. So cooking energy is also an example of a widespread challenge that has links to equality, access to energy and of course various health and climate implications, infertile soils related to land degradation. So very interesting. This is an interesting mix of issues and challenges that collectively we are working on and it also shows how just by bringing this relatively small group of 18 people together in one room shows us how it brings together a whole suit of relevant, very relevant issues when it comes to community-based adaptation and of course each of these issues are facing the challenge to illustrate what works and what does not work and also the challenge and opportunity to scale up those solutions that do work. So I think this also shows that there's really a great diversity of issues that we work on because if a lot of us would have given the same terminology then it would have shown up in a larger font but the way the words are presented shows that there's a whole spread of issues that we're working on. So great, great, very interesting. So I think we can move to the next slide. Great. Thanks also for putting your information in the chat and we will now focus on some of the issues that are the focus of these sessions this week, the sessions about business case development and the participation that you can make use of to take part in the Dragonstone. So very briefly some words about the adaptation finance gap. We all work in this area and so probably we all know how large the gap is in financing. A recent report by UNEP has calculated that 711 billion US dollars are needed to fill the gap that there is in climate adaptation work. This report did emphasize that adaptation is starting to be embedded in policy and planning more and more. So the issue is being taken up by governments in policy and planning but the levels of engagement and the quality of instruments is still not always satisfactory and the levels of engagement are of course what we just saw access for people to climate adaptation solutions and equality in solutions. That is an area where there is still a lot of work to do. Now where the business case component comes in is when you look at what investments in things like investment in sustainable dry agriculture or investments in early warning systems, how much these kind of investments actually can create in return. The return on the investment of sustainable measures can be great. So this report by UNEP calculated that an investment worldwide of 1.8 trillion US dollars in issues such as mangrove restoration, resilient water resources, resilient infrastructure, early warning systems and sustainable dry land agriculture. If we were able to mobilize the finance that is needed to make those kind of interventions sustainable and supportive to climate adaptation then the actual benefits that it would provide us would be eight times almost eight times more. So an investment of 1.8 trillion would actually result in seven trillion US dollars in benefits but of course we all know that to get to that amount of finance a lot has to be done because we have to scale up projects. They have to be embedded well in government policy and planning and that is the overarching challenge that that we are faced with. Next slide please. So how do we close the finance gap? Actually you can go to the next slide. So when you look at climate finance and conservation finance these are categories of both public and private finance that are mobilized by governments and by the private sector and the challenge is to combine climate finance for adaptation and mitigation and find ways for these flows of finance to also contribute to conservation of nature and nature-based solutions because the most sustainable solutions in the long run are solutions that strengthen the capacity of nature to contribute to both climate mitigation and adaptation. Next slide please. So when we talk about developing your business case it's an area of expertise that typically is not always part of our own backgrounds and if you feel that thinking about business case development is something new and something that you have not worked with before then it's important to know that you're not alone in this. A lot of us including myself we often have a background in conservation, in sustainable development, in community-based solutions and this new thinking about how we can diversify income for our projects is really something that we can learn and develop together even if we don't have a degree in business development or economics. So please don't be scared away by this topic it's not an easy topic but as you will see in this coming week there is really a possibility to change and to develop our projects to have at least a business component or to look at how your projects can generate an income. Next slide please. So in the session this afternoon at one o'clock we will go into more detail of what is a business case but when you bring it down to the most basic elements then your business case is writing down of the answers to some basic questions and the most basic questions that you answer in your business case are first what is your product or surface that your project provides so what is the solution, what is the technology or what is the surface that your product delivers and the second question is how does it create value, how does it, how does the surface of the product create something that other people might need. Of course value can be an economic value so how does your product represent something that people would like to pay for or how does your service provide something that people might pay for and so the third question is after you have very clearly defined what the value is that you create then the question is who might pay for it because value has to do with something that people or other organizations are in need of and these can be material things like tools or products but it can also be surfaces and so for example reducing emissions of CO2 or reducing the risk for flooding that of course is also a value that's a surface that people will need or organizations or governments need because they need to protect themselves for example against the impacts of climate and so then the important thing is to know who might pay for it and when because that is then the link to finding investment because if someone wants to pay for your product or your surface then it can be marketed. I would like to also emphasize that if you have any questions clarifying questions already with each slide then please raise your hand because then we can address questions immediately and if there's no questions then I would like to go to the next slide and this little video will teachers will show us what are the elements of a business case. Hey there welcome back to Best Practice TV I get asked a bunch of questions and today I'm just going to just do a quick little business plan for you it's something that I get asked a lot and we're in the business improvement business and you know the establishment of businesses and you know setting yourself out on the right path so in this episode I'm just going to put down a couple of points there things to focus on and I think from my perspective they're definitely you know their their priorities and I think that the biggest thing that people you know they forget to do is just get out there and be in business so first and foremost the there's a couple of questions that I want you to think about and go through these as a bit of a checklist the first one is who are your customers and the second is when will they pay you like literally from today when is a customer going to pay you now if you haven't spoken to a customer yet then you're going to need to think about all right when are they going to physically pay you the third thing I want you to think about is like when will they pay you because you've got to deliver the service so this is about what is the product or service you know and we can write that down but you want to break that down and you want to just say you want to ask questions like what's the pain what's the need and I think it's all too often that people have you know they come to me with a bunch of great ideas and you know this is what I'm going to do and this is amazing etc etc but step back from a customer's perspective and I want to see you consuming your product or service on a daily basis whether it's vitamins whether it's a gym whether it's business improvement processes if you're consuming it then you can understand that you've got a particular pain point you've got a particular need and this thing is actually the solution so when we say what is the product or service this thing here is this solution and the last thing I want to say you know and this is remembering this is kicking off a business is that you don't need an office you don't need money you don't need all of those things in place because everything's cloud based now you can get your gmail for free you can get your apple subscription for free you've got probably already got your mobile phone in your pocket and in fact from best practices perspective yes I'm an embracer of technology but I basically run this business with my iPhone gone are the days when you need you know tons and tons of cash you want to just get out and prove that your solution is a solution for the pain points and the needs of your customers and that who are your customers and when will they pay you literally you've got your t-shirt that you sell and they're going to pay you like I'm going to hand it to you Lex right now and I'm going to say here's your t-shirt and you're going to give me my five bucks and my 20 bucks in exchange for that t-shirt are they going to pay you tomorrow like tomorrow's you know whatever day of the week tomorrow is when you're watching this video understand that and I'm ultimately the very last thing here is who or where or when who or where or when and let's write who is your hungry crowd and this is really important right because this hungry crowd is the big network that the customers start coming to you and and that hungry crowd how do you engage with that hungry crowd what value do you give for that hungry crowd and I think it's really important when you're kicking off this process that you go through that and understand that so give to your hungry crowd your hungry crowd will build trust and rapport with you they'll like you they'll understand you they'll dictate to you whether you've got a solution you can do your market research with that hungry crowd so it might be all of your followers on instagram or facebook or youtube or all those social media platforms that's your hungry crowd or the people that read your articles or your blog posts or or your friends and family they're going to give you this feedback from market research perspective don't go on throw heaps of cash out all of the other things that you don't need just focus on providing an amazing the best product or service and you'll win thanks for watching so this is sorry so so what you see here is a hey guys welcome back to mass practice tv in this episode of talking business i'm talking to simon badard for you could you stop the video yeah so what we saw here is basically a very commercial video where someone is explaining how to uh write a clear business case plan for any kind of startup or company that has something to sell uh and i think it's very interesting to to look at that because this is purely commercial but it links very much to our work and it can be very useful for our work because uh a business opportunity uh is based on what i mentioned earlier a problem a problem that someone feels and a solution that you as an organization might have that is an answer to the problem and the person or the group of person or the organization that acknowledges that this is a problem they might actually be ready to pay for the solution and if we manage to uh to to develop our projects in such a way that we very clearly identify for whom it actually is an answer to their problem then we can think about attracting uh finance for such a project because to attract investment in your project you need to have an income stream you have to sell something of course not all projects will be suitable for this but a lot of sustainability projects uh can be uh can attract payment from customers and can get an investment to to scale up that solution uh if if if you have these elements very clearly so for example uh over the years we have seen projects for example for solar freezing uh solar freezers uh small uh free freezing uh uh uh freezers like like um how do you call it a freezer in which you can for example store fish uh with a solar panel so that it can be placed in markets uh on on a on a local level in in a small uh form um there's a real need for something like that in many places because in markets fish is being sold but uh because there is no uh cooling system a lot of fish goes waste so if you have uh a freezing unit that is small enough to to be portable to to use in markets and it also has for example a solar system so that you can use it where there's no electricity then you you clearly have a product that solves the problem of a lot of people a lot of people sell fish on markets it's the same with mangrove restoration which can be a solution for uh flood protection uh and if you create your solution for mangrove restoration in such a way that the government or an insurance company uh benefits from it then you can translate that product into something that that insurance company or that government might pay for so that's that's the kind of thinking that we can learn from the business world uh and in that way we can develop projects that that have an income stream that have a clear customer and that customer becomes clear if we know very clearly who has a problem and how our solution is a is a is an answer to to that particular problem so some of you here are probably already working in such a way so please do later when we have to question and answer do also contribute to the discussion by by showing your idea and of course in the session this afternoon we will go a little bit deeper uh in into this so so please do share also your experiences with this already because for some of us it's very new and for some of us we might already have some experience so um so the starting point of course is always an idea an idea of how you think you can change or improve the world an idea that is the answer to someone's problem or to the problem that we all face such as climate change um and it's very important to realize that to come from an idea to a project and to come from a project that that has the potential to attract customers to attract finance you always uh have to collaborate and and work together so you you you have your idea that idea is based on your own experiences your expertise your inspiration uh once you have that idea then do talk to people around you people that you know or maybe look for people that have the expertise that that you can uh that can benefit your project and the important thing is to to interact and discuss and because only with the people around you that have a similar interest or that have a certain expertise only through that interaction you can um give your ideas legs to say to to start moving into uh the direction where it becomes you know a real possibility to uh to to create that solution so um in order to to let the idea fly uh there will be several steps of talking discussing uh testing uh and and for that we always have to use each other's networks and so that's why also this session is about opening uh each other's networks to each other so that we can uh test and and discuss and and improve uh our ideas next slide please so by the way there is a little uh black um disturbance in my video I don't know if everyone has that yeah I can see it now very dirty you know yeah yeah I have the same I thought it was just my my yeah no I also just noticed it so anyway this afternoon we will go into more detail uh on this so um we we can skip this slide of you know when you when you think about the return on investment of course you have to create a return by selling something and then uh your return on investment is uh is a simple calculation it's the the return the income minus uh the costs that that you have so it's revenue minus costs that that's your return on investment it's it's a quite a central important part of the of the business case anyway we can go to the next slide and um we can also skip this slide but um you will quickly see that there's a lot of different options to to create value different kinds of products and surfaces and we will go into this more deeper this afternoon in the afternoon session and what we also are going to do this afternoon is look at the business canvas model again this looks like something very technical and complicated the first time I saw it I thought I thought like oh this is really advanced stuff but it's simply a way to structure structure your ideas and structure the components that could make up your your business case and so let's don't don't be scared away by by all these different elements it's just a logical presentation of your potential business case um so this is again something that we will go into in this afternoon session at one o'clock and next slide then I would like to open the floor now for 10 minutes for questions and answers and Maxime you might have already seen some questions in the chat box and otherwise I would like you to ask you to raise your hand if you have any questions or comments of course does anyone already yes Jagannatha please you have the floor Jan actually I'm very very happy to say that in a in a business context we had a sufficient orientation so that way I must compliment and my observation is this way uh very subtle uh you see we are sufficiently old in the climate adoption and various business models uh what I would like to respond is the various good practices the best practices especially community enabled ones I think that should be the the riding you know or the reference benchmarks so that will strengthen our thinking because I find it in my own case like I went through the various questions you have put product and value and payment all those things I try to answer in the process of your presentation and I found they are very realistic only one thing was it should be you know time and again validated to one's experience or elsewhere uh this one observation I would like to make at this stage because when IID can publish 200 and plus bigger cities climate resilient water security that is my research area I think I look very seriously at those good practices good means uh you know the the various lessons learned that's one in a observation I would like to share with you right now thank you very much it's very important yeah there's a very important point yeah um I see a question in the in the chat from Chikumbut so I hope issues around financing and investing will be tackled sometimes it's difficult to access startup funds for massive sustainable ideas I if I understand you right that it is difficult to to find resources for larger projects is that what you mean Chikumbut so could you maybe um ah okay yeah yeah well the the the issue of course is that uh in order to attract larger okay yeah I can see that your microphone's not working I'm sorry about that um the the the the challenge is of course to find finance for larger projects projects that are scaled up um but the the the the solution of course first has to be tested and for the solution to be tested you you often need technical assistance or money for technical assistance uh yeah technical assistance so you you have to have a pilot first and often public funding is is often the best option or or philanthropic funding is is often the best option for a first pilot and then once you have tested your idea then it is it is possible and if it is if it turns out to be a useful solution where there is customers for organizations or individual peoples that that might want to pay for it and with that first pilot and the results you can then start scaling up but it's it's true that it's it's it's it's not it's not a quick fix you you have to first really invest in in a in a in a test case before you can access larger funds or or even private finance um I'm I see that Charles you ask if the business idea should only focus on the climate issue for this exercise because the conference you know this is a conference about community based adaptation so so preferably your your solution has at least a climate adaptation or maybe a climate mitigation focus but also it should should focus on a local solution that is developed by or developed in close collaboration with local communities so I hope that answered your question about the climate angle um then uh Selene uh you are asking is the objective of the session to learn how to write a business plan or it's about securing funds well uh the first step the the answer is that the first step towards securing funds is uh to to understand better how to develop a business plan and because that component of our work is is often uh the the component that that needs the most attention uh that's why this session is indeed focusing on how do you develop the the components for a business case uh even if it's just a rudimentary business case and then how do you present that to a group of potential investors so it's a bit about uh both securing funds and business plan uh Selene I hope that answers your question yes indeed I see that you already say perhaps both of course it also depends like some of us some of you might already have a well-developed business plan or business case and then you can focus in this session with our support you can focus most on the on the presenting to investors part how do you attract investors um but some of us might still be at a very early stage of business case development so we use for example the next session uh to to zoom in into more detail uh on on the business case development component but in both cases whether you're advanced or whether you're early stage uh you can and you're encouraged to to take part and as I say again this is about learning from each other so the best teachers of course are are you all because you have the project you have the experiences and and you have the the building blocks for your own business case but also the building blocks uh potentially for for your colleagues that that are here in in the room with us now so so yeah do join and do share your your own experience experience your own learning your own um troubles and how you overcome them because we can all learn from that it's a great topic because every single day that you work with project developers like yourself and and people with early stage businesses every day you learn something new uh and that's that's the that's a very inspiring part of working in this field of work uh are there any other questions do raise your hands or in the chat indeed if there are if there are no other questions then I would like to give the floor to Jesper who will tell us a little bit more about the the dragons then itself that is going to be organized on Thursday and he will introduce the dragons those people from the financial sector and the sustainability sector that are going to look at our proposals and um ask us some questions about uh what we present to them so Jesper you uh you have the floor thank you very much and thank you Anri-Lem for for taking us through um that quite rich content um we are always nervous when we organize these that we will drop people but I see that we haven't so that's good um I mean what we're really trying to address as Joan-Willem is pointing out is how do you how do you take your idea and how do you turn it into something that's useful for the market that you can turn into something sustainable and in this particular case it it's obviously related to climate and nature-based solutions um and then then try to to scale that and there are several steps in this process you need to refine and define your idea and as we heard talk to the people that are doing it that might need it your hungry crowd as it was referred to in the video and then shape your execution so that you can hit all those targets and that's what we want you to do here and we have four very exciting dragons that have in various roles done this themselves they've developed their own models they've invested in different types of models they've worked on the leading edge on innovation trying to get finance to and solutions for that matter to really pioneering initiatives in various communities around the world um Jules I don't know if we have a slide with the yeah we do okay so I'm that makes my job so much easier um I'll start from the right we have a gentleman called Adam Bornstein he he works with innovation and innovative finance and systems change at the Danish Red Cross has been based in at this Ababa for many years and due to COVID currently in DC but really cutting edge having launched various platforms around insurance and community currency all aimed at building better capacity and business models out there in in various communities really sharp mind and you'll enjoy getting questions from him he's also extremely amicable and nice as a person and then to the left of him we have Edith Kiss who is in investment in development she's a director at Mirova Natural Capital having reviewed many many different initiatives she'll be able to ask you specific questions on how you are planning to scale things up also very nice knows what she's doing and has been in this space for a long time next to her we have someone I'm very pleased to to bring on as a dragon this year Doris Bossibori she she actually won the dragons then two years ago in Addis as it happens and had a very touching presentation where she really showed the passion for what she's doing which won the the jury over entirely she she had a strong win then I would say that all the participants then and then all participants in all these dragon then sessions that we we run we see you as winners because you have the courage to bring stuff forward and unfortunately only only some of you will be picked but all of you will be exposed to the the learnings that we share here as well as a wider network so you will find it useful Doris has done it by herself she's from Nairobi where she has a community project running as a business on waste collection and as you can imagine it has been quite challenging during COVID but she's soldiering on very impressive and next to her we have Kojo Anan he does many things so being a manager of VectroGlobal and executive vice chairman of Made in Africa are only two of the things that that he's he's involved in investments philanthropy business modeling he will also have very intelligent questions for you I should mention I mean I've been involved in pitch sessions for a long time it's always a bit scary to meet dragons and especially if you have dragons of this caliber so I just want to sort of disarm it a little bit and say that these are all lovely people and they're taking time out of their quite busy schedules all of them to listen to you so they're interested in you and you need to keep that in mind what you present to them they will really listen to and they will they will pay attention thank you Jules yes here we go thank you what are the criteria now Jan Willem has covered a lot of this and Maxime will cover more of it in the afternoon and then I will cover some of it tomorrow morning but it's it's this what you will be judged on we will look at innovative climate impact so to the question earlier that is important it needs to be an innovative solution that will have a positive impact and contribute significantly to climate adaptation objectives so that's important to keep in mind the other one is sustainable development does it have a direct positive impact on one or more of the SDGs this being community focused we're very interested in local employment as well as health and inequality actually things that were raised in the Mentimeter questionnaire we had business case you can have a fantastic idea and it might not be a business case but it's still a fantastic idea for us we needed to have a business case it needs to have clear structure it needs to be viable as a business you need to show and you don't need to go into too much detail because you will only have a few minutes to present this but it needs to make sense that this is actually something that could work that's important from a financial perspective scalability a lot of initiatives work really well very locally and what we're looking for is if it's possible to scale and by scale we mean things like growing in place and becoming a significant player in your region your geography it could also mean that it can be replicated and it can be copied into other places so that's also of interest and finally and this is a point we will come back to a few times team who are you what are your qualifications what's your experience how well do we think you can execute are you professional can you present in a good way and we will go through tomorrow morning a couple of suggestions to keep in mind when when you present also very important passion is this something you really want to do and that comes across in any presentation so with that I'll go on mute again and I look forward to talking to you all more on this in future sessions thanks a lot Jesper so here a quick overview of what's next we just did introduction extensive introduction of this line of work and what we're going to do this week so next is the afternoon session at one o'clock where we will go a little bit deeper into what it what it means to make your own business case and then tomorrow Jesper will will provide in-depth pitch training in the afternoon do I say that well yeah it's in the afternoon the pitch training it's in the morning I believe let me just double check yeah yeah sorry you're right it's in the morning at nine o'clock you will find it in the schedule and so this is this is a great bycatch of this of this week I think because it's all very well to to talk about your your project and see how it can be turned into business case but actually the pitch of your project is is of course a very important component of this so to get this professional pitch training I think is is is really very very welcome for for every one of us so so that's great tomorrow and then on Thursday that's the actual Dragon's Den in in the afternoon at one o'clock and the winner of this of this Dragon's Den pitch event is of course all of us because everyone who who takes part in this Dragon's Den presentation session is a winner but but one one of these one of us will will be announced as as the best by the Dragons and the winner will be will be selected on the basis of the Dragons advice but also it will be combined with with an audience vote so to combine public vote as well as the the verdict of the next please are there any questions about this schedule for this week or about any component of what we just talked about or any comments perhaps you already have a project in mind that you that you would like to pitch don't hesitate to to get up with us to already inform us or to to discuss it here or or ask your questions the floor is open it can of course also be process questions I have one small doubt to kindly educate me on this uh we have a number of projects ongoing I'm referring to an urban you know you know metropolis on uh water resource management some some inputs from the bilateral some on low bases and some on the local you know mobilization of resources in the dragons uh and context uh will the ongoing projects also be considered if if your project has the potential to to to create a business case then then yes but your presentation should show how you will translate your current project into a potential business case of course if you're in an early stage it is also fine to show how you need first more public finance or how you need a smaller impact investor or how you will use philanthropic money to test your idea and then work towards something that you can sell so any stage of your project is fine as long as it does have the indication or the potential or the or the objective to turn to this case thank you thank you and remember you can present something to an investor that has all the figures all the the calculations are right but for an investor it also means that they look for the the the idea the passion the vision behind your project the team so actually much of what you show in your presentation are not necessarily just about economics and the exact data which often you don't have anyway at this at an early stage but it's really about who you are what your vision is what your team is with whom you want to take this a step further it's very clear in that tabular column you could make out yes it is well addressed okay I see one question in the chat is business plan the same as a project proposal according to us as a non-profit organization well that's a very good question a business plan is a proposal but it is structured in such a way that that you that you show how your project can can become a business and a business means that you sell something so you get a payment for your service or your product product product so it it means a different way of of designing and implementing your project but the business plan of course can be seen as a project proposal but with these particular specifics of a business proposition any other comments questions reflections anything you felt was missing in this introductory session maybe just to add that we'd be happy to review your your pitches as you develop them so you send emails to us with them maybe we need to share our emails actually in the chat so you have them but happy to review them it will be your pitches you will do them but we're happy to provide feedback on them the emails are also in the last slide for you to see okay yeah a very good point Jesper the coming days we are there to help you to review your presentation the the pitch event with the dragons is is also just a two-hour session uh so you you you should imagine that you you will only speak for three to five minutes so that means that you will have a powerpoint of three to five slides how long it exactly will be we decide on the day before the dragons then events so on Wednesday we'll announce whether your presentation will be three or five minutes because it depends on how many people are there that want to participate if we have a larger number of people then we we will ask for three minutes otherwise five minutes so as we all know making short presentations is it's very difficult it's very difficult to boil it down to the most important points and so we are here for you online personally I will also be available in the in the evenings to have to have a look and discuss if we share mobile phone numbers we can also communicate with WhatsApp but you know you are in charge so you you can choose what medium you want to communicate but of course sending us your pitch by email is is is the the the basic and we can we can then give input and advice and yes I'm just looking at the time do we have more time for questions you uh we could but we could also go to the last mentee of the session yeah uh I just see one question by uh Kaganga John one of our expectations for some of us was to find how we can be linked to development partners from the donors will these be possible after training yes of course uh we can uh on the basis of of your proposal we can uh sit down with you either this week but also later to see what kind of donors or investors might be suitable for your particular project again in this room we have a whole range of early stage projects maybe something is just in an in the in in an idea phase that's all fine and some projects might be further developed and each of these projects have different funding needs and funding opportunities and indeed we are here to advise you on that so this trajectory this week is much more than just your pitch and just expose yourself to these frightening dragons this is really about you know sharing our networks and we will be happy to give you advice also after this week and by the way I don't know if anyone has ever seen a tv program called the dragons then it's in in some countries this is being broadcast and I think online you will find uh some episodes I must emphasize that our dragons are much more benign and friendly than the dragons that you might see in these tv shows because these tv shows of course are developed to uh to uh to be a little bit sensational uh and uh our dragons are very friendly and they're there to to help you as well so yes in answer to your question we will uh be happy to advise on potential donors and funders and again if your idea is still early stage then of course public finance might be the first uh the first type of uh finance to to access before you can uh further develop your business case so that that's also possible if there's no other questions then I would like to give the floor to you for the mentimeter yes we have another mentimeter so it's the same thing as an hour ago please go to menti.com and fill in the code 31372571 I will share with you the menti as well there we go and you can type everything you want in here not just a couple of words you can type in sentences and it will pop up great I see some learning coming in when I already have business ideas and having some tested ideas how to explore further just need some tested ideas first building a business case needs training more climate adaptation finances needed the business idea should focus on climate issues that yeah the the business case idea should focus on climate issues is for this particular session right of course business cases are for for all types of solutions and yeah that that one comment about more climate adaptation finances indeed it is indeed something uh that underscores the importance of uh this kind of work because uh with public finance we can do a lot but the scale of the uh of the needs are the scale of the need is so long that we also need to engage the private sector and engage finance private finance and develop projects that can be scaled up and this business case idea might not be as important yeah the one that just now pops up is a very important one that the business case is not only about figures but also about the idea the passion division and the team it's really a very important one of course in the end you you need a clear uh quantitative uh outline of what you sell what your earnings might will be uh and what the costs are so that you can understand whether you have an income stream but besides that uh indeed the story behind your idea your vision and with whom you are working on this is extremely important so these are great takeaways i'm happy that some of these issues indeed were clear enough in in these presentations indeed understanding the problem is very important and on on that one understanding the problem uh what is also good to know is that most startups and most early businesses they often have to change their focus a few times because they have to really understand whether their product is the answer to a problem that they identified and sometimes sometimes we might be very much focused on the solution but then we might not be able to sell it because it doesn't exactly answer the challenge that you wanted to to address so this is a very important uh part of this of this journey to really understand whether your solution is the right or the best answer to the problem that you try to solve uh i here see a message from Rona Khan that says uh you you say very interesting issues raised mainly are commonly shared but we need to be careful that reason for why we do something is not lost trying to sell it or in trying to find financing yes i think that's uh that's a very uh that's a very good additional comment thank you yes do you want to add something to that in in person well it's just that you know when we need to understand that uh so often in trying to that the tool becomes the real tool becomes the reason the tool becomes the way that we look at the the uh achievement the tools become the reason of why we are doing it whereas tools are only tools it is a much bigger picture that we are all trying to address and for this unless there is sharing and uh unless the vision is very clear each of us has has spaces have spaces and these need to be respectfully filled in and very often we get so caught up in trying to sell maybe an idea that we have in trying to make a project work in the way that we have planned that we don't see that when we leave it it is not internalized and therefore if it's not internalized it's not sustainable amongst the communities and so often we are driven by the availability of where the money is that we do not have a mutual dialogue on where it should be because we are scared of losing that money and no way can that be done because if we if we all of us don't have the strength of making the other understand it's not that people don't understand everybody understands but it's it needs to be kind of brought out so that it's addressed very very you know my issues are addressed by me strongly your issues are addressed by you strongly we mustn't lose our footage you know and i think this trend is what is in the end going to actually uh give the result because the result is we need to ensure that this climate crisis reaches uh you know people are saved from this climate crisis which are affecting them so i think uh humility and strength and courage to face donors humility strength courage to understand say you are wrong and restart if you're not getting your tools right i think these are very important elements of you know working with with climate migrants needs change continuously and we need to be focused on the need and not only the tools thanks a lot runa for that for that intervention because it's very very true what you say and hopefully we can come back to this point also this afternoon so please raise it also in that session if if if possible because it's it's very very important it's a big trap that we can yeah and of course when when we present something like this we don't immediately talk about the traps but it's very important thanks thanks for that um and i jan jan i have a uh value add on to what uh uh mrs uh con uh raise it pretty quickly uh i think the best validation tool is community enabling unless we have the community enabling uh the most powerful always takes the lead you know all are equal but some are more equal people who cannot talk who cannot speak but they do better climate adaptability lifestyle i go by go go by shana experience in bangladesh the urban poor they don't have the ownership of the jinx sheet groups no but yet they are 15 to 40 thousand rupees from solar uh overtapping and selling it i just want to mention we are very learned no doubt and most of the time my observation is is the technology which traps not the science especially when science hinges with culture we have tunnel effect otherwise we'll have mountain of resistance you know we have to go around the mountain all the way and we get aged and we pass the time you see and um uh conclusively what i want to tell is the community enabling to carry senate on that should be the best tool you may have any number of tools no issue because here let me tell my own example we have our places obsession of financial supporting you know lot of money comes lot of money comes sometimes people are offered to take money you see because he's being abused he's being not used for the purpose anyway i want to stop at this stage it's a very good point what which is khan mentioned i think we should take some lessons from the ongoing because uh we are a 28 years old in sustainable development the rhythm is set i ae itself the earth scan and other it has done a pioneering work researchers in both social sciences management sciences and ecological engineering we are very serious and there is way out uh it's a very good point raise it thank you madam thank you very much thank you jackanatta well i'm interested to hear more reflections uh from others so i would like to encourage you to uh to share your uh thoughts your questions your ideas we still have um 15 minutes till the end of this session so karanga john please you raise your hand so please go ahead you have the floor okay thank you so much and some i have been so happy to be in this meeting i was wondering what is bragun training is about but now i have started understanding although i need a lot to learn that is one two are more from another government organization but my problem is that we have the donors the way how they give the project proposals to the to the boundary between development and then climate change uh issues because when you look at the development and when you are looking for a project to adapt or to mitigate climate change the difference almost differs but that's also we need some advice where what can we do that is one then two uh i have been working for this community-based adaptation and we have come up with a lot of a lot of innovations which are which are tested practically and i was lucky uh in Uganda we hosted cba cba 11 that was i think 2017 and part of the delegation came and visited our our community and they were so much impressed with what we are doing but again now from uh another profit we want to see how we can turn that into a business as you are saying but we need some experts who could help us how can we get such experts because for us we don't have that expertise but we have a lot which we have done at the grassroots which can be turned we want to make it uh something like a agree ecotourism and maybe a garden so that we can attract some funding without depending on donation and so forth how can how can we be assisted people like who are in such a category like me yes karanga thanks uh thanks for this for these comments and questions this is exactly um why it is uh it took to to to get to know you to meet here right now in person um and um what i can say at this point is that in order to understand how you can uh work on uh on on on developing your your project in that direction the starting point is to uh to know more about your project and to know where you stand um how that balance between development and climate action how that plays out in in your particular situation and in your particular work and in the work of your communities so please do share uh whatever information you have uh and and then we can we can discuss those questions and if you if you want of course we can we can help you to to to put it out in in a short presentation that you can uh present the programs so that you can get their advice and feedback directly at the end of this week so do do send us uh your your thoughts and information about your project then uh and we can have this discussion yes um Willem i think we should move on to the last couple of slides as we only have 10 more minutes left yeah okay um yeah i saw a response also to mr carangas dilemma so uh i invite you to uh to uh also continue that discussion in the in the chat uh if possible so to wrap up when you think about taking part in the rest of this trajectory uh when you consider uh pitching your idea to the dragons then the recap i think should be capture in your presentation very clearly what exactly is the problem that you're solving climate change climate adaptation uh but but very detailed yeah please uh thank you so much i am from Bangladesh and i am work we are working for the location of climate displaced people who are induced on climate change in the disaster so also we are working on rehabilitation skill development training or resettlement for climate change in the displaced people this time which will be the best effective approach for relocation or resettlement or rehabilitation for climate change in the displaced people because we have we observed the many uh we are working on few people for relocation and resettlement but the demand and numbers of this climate change affected people is large we are working on with few people but people is enough large enough so how can we manage the all kinds uh so many people for solve their crises it is a big problem and because requirement is met for many people but we are working on some people yeah i i i think i won't be able to give an answer in in these last few minutes because in particular what you are presenting now is it sounds like a very very complicated and large challenge that we're working on so you will probably have to compartment ties make smaller bits uh for which you you you you you find resources for for components of of the solution that you probably need so but um uh do do contact us and we can have that conversation separately because we won't be able to give those to have such a detailed discussion there in last few minutes but thanks for that and looking forward to have to send to to to retrieve your your information so um so yeah so again to summarize uh know very concretely which problem you're solving and as as uh probably you are now sketching it's important to bring it down to a part of the problem for which you have a concrete solution and for which you might be able to have a product that can be sold or that that can be can attract an investment so so have very clear what's your problem then know clearly who might be able to pay for that if you if you have in mind to to create a business case around it and then how exactly it's going to read generate revenue so if these three components are in your presentation if you manage to have a clear presentation presentation about these components then the the foundation of your presentation are there once more we will we'll be in touch in the coming sessions and also separately on the mail or or otherwise um so next slide please so here you find our email addresses so be in touch and hopefully we see each other in the afternoon session so we can continue this discussion then the session will be designed in such a way that we have opportunity to interact and so looking forward to work together for the rest of the week and thank you very much for your contributions for the discussion and see you in the afternoon


Hello from ITU in Geneva, where I'm very pleased to be joined by Audreus Percauskas, who works on audiovisual and media policy at the European Commission. Audreus, thanks for joining us. Thank you for inviting me. We are at a workshop on the future of TV for Europe. Of course, the media landscape has changed very considerably. How do regulators deal with these changes? What is the work that you've been discussing today from the European Commission? At the Commission, we try to keep a close eye on the way TV landscape is developing. The instrument we're in charge of, which is the Visual Media Services Directive, is evolving constantly too. We just completed the latest revision of a directive. This revision was provoked by fundamental changes in the media market. In particular, the fact that, first of all, on-demand services gained prominence. They are more and more watched by users, especially young people, and also video-sharing platforms emerge. In other words, we have major gateways to audiovisual content, where you would find not the content produced professionally, but content produced by users and distributed to you by these platforms. This was the reason for the recent reform. How does it accommodate the new forms of media consumption, also in relation to consumer protection? One thing to underline is that since these new players have a particular role they do not necessarily produce content themselves, but often they take content created by a user. We don't have editorial responsibility for the content. We thought what would be the most important values that we need to protect and how we should ensure those protections. First of all, when it comes to the values to be protected. The Commission fought and the Council and the Parliament in the European Union agreed that protection of children is one of such core values. Secondly, protection from illegal content and harmful content is equally very important. Finally, we thought it was important to continue our tradition of regulating commercial communications or, in other words, advertising. Now, coming to the instruments, how we ensure that those values continue to be protected in this different world. It's through several means. It's by making sure that platforms give users the possibility to flag if they see problematic content. It's by making sure that users can signal to platform that certain content is inappropriate. In other words, it's also by enabling users to complain to the platform itself that something is going wrong. It's also by making sure that venues can complain to state authorities if things are not settled. Another topic that we, ITU and the European Commission, both work on is the accessibility of AV media to people with disabilities. How have you addressed that in your new framework, in your new directive? It's an excellent question because right now in this IT workshop on the future of television I just realized how important the topic is. Well, I knew that it is important. But numerically it turns out that in Europe around 60% of all people need some kind of help with consumption of media content. I think this is huge and it's only likely to increase with population getting older. So in the European Union, again in the revised to the visual media services directive, we put a strong emphasis on accessibility compared to the previous text. And the obligation on member states and providers is to make a tangible progress towards making accessibility a reality in Europe. So in other words, at the European level, at the level of regulation, we state the objective and we then identify some means how the objective should be achieved. So we encourage, for example, media service providers to put in place so-called accessibility plans in which we would explain how exactly we will go about this task. And then, of course, there would be periodic reporting from the provider to the member state and then from member state to the European Commission. And what I found is that here in IT also, lots of detailed work is going on on accessibility issues. So people from different industry groups, they get together and they think hard what kind of technologies could help accessibility to become reality and how it could be deployed on internet and broadcasting and so on. So these things are very complementary policy and regulatory work and actual technical work at ITU. Excellent. Andreas, thank you very much. Thank you.


First things first, I gave a keynote speech to the ladies at the 22 convention across the hall back on Friday Make sure you check out the video when it hits 21 university included with your ticket or later on YouTube of course for free Free to the world that and stuff like that Title that keynote about an hour long called make women virgins again. It is not about born again virgins none of that none of that garbage it's about valuing female virginity and Women, you know not being able to skanks.