Everybody doctor here. Welcome to my new series called sleep and the fasting brain, right? I'm super excited about this series because number one, I love talking about fasting and I love talking about sleep. Number two, I love talking about the two together. I also think I have a lot to offer here as well. I talk about the importance of sleep in a lot of places in case you haven't noticed like I talk about sleep here in these videos. I talk about them here. You get the picture, but why? Why do I talk about sleep so much? I call poor sleep, weight loss, roadblock number one for a long list of reasons. You can see here that a lack of sleep makes you hungrier, makes you eat more, move less, gain fat, lose muscle, and makes you insulin resistant. I've also talked about the fact that poor sleep is anti-exercise. So for a long list of reasons, I think sleep needs to be a part of your weight loss program. But I'm not going to convince you that sleep is good for you here in this video. You already know that sleep is important. You're here because you haven't been sleeping well since you started fasting, and I'm here because I want to help. To understand how fasting impacts our sleep, we have to understand the fasting brain and how it's different from when you're eating. So let's look at the series here that we're going to cover. So here's part one. We're going to talk about how fasting can impact your sleep. In part two, we're going to look at sleep strategies to calm the fasting brain. In part three, we'll look at sleep supplements to calm the fasting brain. And then in part four, we're going to look at what to do if nothing is helping. Please reach out and share if fasting has impacted your sleep in any way for better or worse. I especially want to hear from you if you've found something that actually helps you sleep so I can share that with other people. Fasting's impact on sleep is a great example of how unique we all are. Some people sleep better when they fast. Some people get less sleep but they actually feel perfectly fine and they enjoy the extra productivity. And then some people sleep terribly while they fast and they feel it. I would say that I've actually fallen into all three of these categories along the way. I had terrible sleep for the first three weeks when I first started ADF. I would sleep about three or four hours and then I'd be wide awake. Some nights I was able to get back to sleep after laying there for quite a while. Other times I just had to get up. It got so bad that I actually considered throwing in the towel and trying something else to lose weight. So thank God that I stuck with it because the rest is history. After those first few weeks I started sleeping unbelievably well. I think part of it was my body getting used to fasting as I became more fat adapted. But my sleep also improved because I started taking sleep seriously. I made all the changes that I'll talk about in part two of this series and more. I also started taking a combination of the supplements that I'm going to cover in part three. So I practiced what I'm preaching now. The science behind my sleep transformation is the reason that I made a six hour course on sleep and how it impacts weight loss. I have no doubt that it was just as important as diet and exercise along my weight loss journey. What about now? I no longer snore. I no longer have sleep apnea that's documented. And now that my body has recovered from being 414 pounds, I need less sleep than I did early on in my journey. I used to sleep eight or nine hours or more in the beginning when I was first starting to lose weight. Now I need seven to eight hours on my eating days and six to seven hours on my fasting days. I typically do wake up one hour earlier on my fasting days. But the sleep I do get is amazing. I track my sleep using the ordering. Fasting, keto, weight loss have led to the best sleep of my life, both subjectively and objectively. On nights when I'm fasting, I have improved heart rate variability, which heart rate variability is a measure of how your body responds to stress. I have a lower resting heart rate. I have more deep sleep early in the evening, and I have more REM sleep later on. Plus I have a lower body temperature. So every objective measure that ordering gives me tells me that my sleep is better actually when I'm fasting than when I'm feasting. I am not trying to brag or rub your face in my sleep success, not at all. I'm only trying to show you what is possible. Let me know if you have any questions about the ordering. Maybe I can make some videos about it because I have really enjoyed it. I switched to it from my from an Apple Watch, and it's been love at first night, as I like to say, because it gives me all the sleep tracking that I want, along with step counting and everything else. Or actually just sent me a link yesterday that I can use to give to you for $40 off of your own or a ring if you want to give it a try. So look for the link in the description. So how common are sleep issues while fasting? Right? So show a hands. How many of you have struggled with sleep at some point during your fasting journey? Right? Sleep issues from fasting are the most common complaint that I've heard in my intermittent fasting course in my Facebook group and then here in the in the YouTube comments. Right? That's why I'm making this series now. But what does the science actually have to say about the topic? So let's look what does the science say is fasting safe, a chart review of adverse events during medically supervised water only fasting. This was a chart review from 2006 to 2011 looking for adverse events related to water fasting. So everyone in this trial, they were patients that were 21 or older who had water fasted for two days or more, two or more consecutive days. 768 patients met their inclusion and exclusion criteria. And insomnia was the most common complaint by far. So 257 of these 768 visits that be 33.5% of the visits were related to insomnia caused by fasting. Next one, safety, health, improvement and well being during a four to 21 day fasting period in an observational study, including 1422 subjects. So this is a one year observational study. Like it says there, 1422 subjects. They participated in a fasting program that consisted of fasting periods of between four and 21 days, but these were modified fast. So they were consuming between 200 and 250 calories on their fasting days. So of those 1422 subjects, 1311 of them completed a questionnaire looking at signs and symptoms of those. So 14.94%. So 169 of them had sleep disturbances and which was the most frequent mild symptom by far. So you can see that sleep disturbances with fasting are common. But why? Why can fasting impact sleep?  This is why we fast in the first place. These are great things during the day, but they can become a problem when it's time to sleep. You could argue that fasting's impact on our sleep is hardwired into our physiology. Let's look at it from this angle here. There are three reasons that animals, and we are animals, will sleep less than they want. Number one, they are caring for their young. I've been there, done that, maybe you have as well. Number two, they're starving and need the extra time to hunt for food because food is short. And number three, they're stressed and trying not to get killed by a predator. So this actually makes perfect sense. Your body wants you to stay awake and to have energy and have mental focus to either find food or not become food. Fasting is leading to a stress response. That's just how it is. If our ancestors just laid down and died, we wouldn't be here. This theory makes sense, but let's look at the science that supports it. So here we're going to look at what I call the four horsemen of the sleep apocalypse. We have norepinephrine, cortisol, arexin and PPA are alpha. So don't worry, there won't be a test. Let's go ahead and start with norepinephrine. I've talked about this in the fasting course because of the study that talks about metabolic rate, but resting energy expenditure in short-term starvation is increased as a result of an increase in serum norepinephrine. So this result, this was a four-day study, and they saw a 14% increase in resting metabolic rate, which is pretty awesome. This increase in resting energy expenditure was associated with a more than doubling of plasma norepinephrine levels. So the average norepinephrine levels went from 1,716 pico-moles per liter to 3,728 pico-moles per liter. That's a 117.25% change over the four days of the study, so a massive increase in norepinephrine. Why does that matter? Well, the other name for norepinephrine is noradrenaline. You've probably heard of adrenaline or adrenaline junkie. So norepinephrine is adrenaline's cousin. Its function is to increase alertness, arousal, and attention. This is why fasting is amazing for mental clarity. But alertness, arousal, and attention are three enemies of a good night's sleep. Next we have cortisol, which you've probably heard called the stress hormone. Fasting does lead to an increase in the stress hormone, cortisol. Cortisol helps your body make alternative fuels during a fast. But cortisol spikes before bed, make it hard to fall asleep, and then cortisol spikes in the middle of the night may wake you up and make it hard to fall back asleep. So what's the science say here? The effects of intermittent fasting on the circulating levels and circadian rhythms of hormones. So this review looked at how fasting impacts cortisol levels. We'll look at a couple of charts here. So here we see the dashed line is blood cortisol levels during fasting. The solid line would be cortisol levels when eating three meals per day. So as you can see, cortisol levels are elevated. So studies in this review found that fasting increases cortisol levels and shifts the peak from the morning to the afternoon. So that later you're going to get this peak in cortisol, the more likely it is to impact your ability to fall asleep. This is yet another reason why fasting can disrupt your sleep. But there is also some good news here as well. Let me show you the next one. So this, the dashed line here, is an estimated changes in hormones after long-term intermittent fasting in humans. So once you get adapted to fasting, you'll see the cortisol levels will stabilize. They do stabilize, but they do also remain slightly elevated. This makes perfect sense because cortisol plays a role in what's called gluconeogenesis, or the creation of new glucose. When your body turns non carbohydrates, like glycerol from your body fat and amino acids, into carbohydrates. So fasters like us need to make more glucose because we aren't getting it from food while we're fasting. This is also evidence that explains why sleep issues would get better over time or are eliminated altogether. And that's my hope for all of us. All right, systematic review and meta analysis reveals a cutely elevated plasma cortisol following fasting, but not less severe calorie restriction. So this review also found, right, strong evidence that fasters or fasting leads to an increase in serum cortisol. Here we see the meta-analysis of the change in plasma cortisol levels in the fasting studies that were part of this review. The dashed line on the left is where we would start and then you see the plasma cortisol levels have gone up in all four of these studies. But we also see some good news here, so I'm going to read a quote. The meta regression analysis showed a negative association between the serum cortisol levels and the duration of calorie restriction, indicating serum cortisol is increased in the initial period of caloric restriction, but then decreased to the baseline level after several weeks. These results suggest that severe caloric restriction causes an activation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal access, which may be transient. So the good news is what goes up seems to come down and then your sleep should get better over time. That's the hope and that's what happened with me. So the effect of cortisol does lessen over time. I think this is because your body gets more fat adapted and if you can easily burn fat for fuel while you're fasting, then you don't need cortisol to struggle to find alternative fuel sources for you. Then we have orexin. So maybe you haven't heard of this one. Most of you have heard of cortisol, but orexin is kind of neat. Orexin, the term actually comes from orexus, which means appetite in Greek. So orexin is released when animals, including humans, are in a state of starvation. Orexin forces animals artificially awake for a longer period of time. Does this sound familiar? So what's the science say? The effects of diurnal intermittent fasting on the wake promoting neurotransmitter orexin So eight young healthy volunteers were fasting during the month of Ramadan. So diurnal fasting from dawn to sunset. The results showed that orexin levels went up during fasting and went down after eating. All right. The role of orexin in modulating arousal, feeding, and motivation. So let me read you a quote here. Orexin deficiencies result in narcolepsy in humans, dogs, and rodents, suggesting that the orexin system is particularly important for maintenance of wakefulness. So that means that low levels of orexin cause narcolepsy, which is involuntary sleep during the day. Perhaps it's high levels of orexin that are causing your involuntary wakefulness at night. So back to that same review here, same study. The responsiveness of orexin neurons to peripheral metabolic cues suggests that these neurons have an important role as a link between energy homeostasis and vigilance states. So I like that term vigilance. Let's talk about it for a second. This means that fasting puts us in a hyper-vigilant state. This means we are abnormally or highly alert to potential danger or threat. When I think of hyper-vigilance, this reminds me of when I first became a daddy, a new dad. The slightest sounder movement would wake me up so that I could make sure my son was safe. That's what I think of when I think of hyper-vigilance. But this same state of hyper-vigilance could be what is waking you up in the middle of the night as well. Lastly, we have P-P-A-R-Alpha. So P-P-A-R-Alpha, sorry, is a key regulator for burning fat for fuel, as well as ketone production, which both will occur during fasting. But it also plays a role in wakefulness as we'll see in a moment. So what does the science say here? Peroxazone proliferator activated receptor alpha, see how we why we say P-P-A-R-Alpha, mediates the adaptive response to fasting. So we read a quote, the nuclear receptor known as peroxazone proliferator activated receptor alpha, or P-P-A-R-Alpha, was found to play a role in regulating mitochondrial and peroxazone fatty acid oxidation, suggesting that P-P-A-R-Alpha may be involved in the transcriptional response to fasting. So this just says that during fasting you need to mobilize more fat for fuel and P-P-A-R-Alpha plays a role. This is great news because we want to make ketones and we want to burn fat for fuel. But, and you know there's always a but with me, let's look at the other side of this coin. So the role of nuclear receptor P-P-A-R-Alpha in the sleep wake cycle modulation, a tentative approach for treatment of sleep disorders. So another quote, remarkably this nuclear receptor has been described in sleep related brain regions, leading to the hypothesis that P-P-A-R-Alpha might be involved in sleep modulation in as much as activation of this protein promotes a robust enhancement of wakefulness while it reduces sleep. So this also explains why fasting and ketogenic diets can impair sleep in most people. All right, let's put this all together. All right, so the four horsemen of the sleep apocalypse, we just looked at norepinephrine, leading to energy, increase in metabolic rate, mental focus, cortisol, leading to a stress response, orexin, activating wakefulness, the opposite of narcolepsy, and then P-P-A-R-Alpha is, yes, helping your body make ketones and burn fat, but also stimulating wakefulness. So when we look at these effects, it shouldn't come as a surprise that fasting can lead to sleep issues. As a matter of fact, I'd be more surprised if fasting didn't lead to sleep issues, at least to some extent. But enough of the bad news. The good news is that sleep issues typically get better or go away completely as your body adapts to fasting. Several of these studies talked about that, how transient these changes are and your body will adapt. I'm living proof of that. I went from sleeping terribly and sleeping three or four hours a night to sleeping really perfectly or optimally. So the great news is that I'm going to help you build a plan to get the sleep you need in the rest of this series. And maybe you'll need it forever or maybe you'll just need it for a few weeks until your body adapts, but either way it should help and it does help most people.  So where are we going ahead moving forward? So in part two, I'll share how proper sleep hygiene can help you deal with the alertness and the wakefulness that fasting causes. And then in part three, we're going to look at a long list of supplements that can calm the fasting brain down enough to get to help you get to sleep and then stay asleep as well. All right, and then in part four we will come back and we'll talk about what if nothing helps in these other videos. I hopefully very few of you watch that video because you don't need to but so I really can't wait to see how I can help, right? This is this is the melding of two of my passions and I want to see you be successful fasting and you can't be successful fasting if it's ruining your sleep. So I am here to help reach out if you have any questions. I'll make sure they get covered later on in the series. Have a wonderful day. Be blessed.


Welcome everyone, we are very excited to see you all here this afternoon. My name is Alec Segerford-Winton and I'm part of the learning team here at Cooper Hewitt. As part of the Smithsonian, Cooper Hewitt is the nation's museum devoted exclusively to historical contemporary design. We are home to one of the most diverse and comprehensive design collections with more than 215,000 design objects spanning 30 centuries. This week is the National Design Week, a week in which we celebrate the past, present and future of design, as well as the winners of our annual National Design Awards. We are extremely proud and honored today to host Hongjong Yu, who is the winner of this year's Landscape Architecture Award. Yu is a globally recognized landscape designer and founder of Turrinscape. He is also a founder of Peking University College of Architecture and Landscape Architecture. Several of Yu's core ideas for nature-based climate adaptations, including the sponge city concept, have been implemented nationwide across China. In this illustrated talk, Yu will discuss his work and how his landscape architecture methods and ideas can help mitigate climate events such as flash floods, superstorns and tidal surges. After a presentation of his work, Yu will be in conversation with Matilda McQuade, our acting director of Curatorial. There will also be time for questions. Matilda is deputy director of Curatorial and formerly Head of Textiles at Cooper Hewitt. Among the exhibitions that she has curated in her over 20 years at Cooper Hewitt are Nature, Cooper Hewitt Design Train Annual, Extreme Textiles, Designing for Head Performance and Scraps, Fashion Textiles and Creative Reuse. Matilda is also a renowned author, editor and writer of architecture and design. Thank you so much again for coming this afternoon to this very important and very time of talk. We are extremely thankful to IBM and eBay for making this program possible. Thank you. So it's a great honor. Thank you. And thank you all for being here. This is the first one. It's really, really my great honor. To begin with, Yu only speaks his own. Anywhere, at least multiple languages. So anyway, everyone. We're lucky today as the museum is too open. Otherwise, the government shut down. Oh, people got Friday. So that's the problem I'm going to address.  And so we have to try to try to build it grow. Now my hypothesis is that what if we turn this grow? So how to grow? Drive growth into a spawned, a planet spawned, a spawned planet. This is my first time using this energy here at Kogokyui Museum. So this hypothesis is if you have a dry ball and a wet ball, you have 20 degrees of temperature difference. And you have 70% of ocean, which is water. And you have 30% of dry lines in line. And sea level rise is only one millimeter, maybe two millimeter every day. So why don't you stop the growth and stop the sea level rise?  So that's the whole hypothesis. So the idea is spawned a planet. I was born in a small village, a very small tiny village, in South China's Zhejiang province here. You can see, you can even certainly recognize it. And we saw White Sand Creek here. This image was photographed by U.S. Army back in 1906. That was my hometown. So White Sand Creek. Yeah. And the creek was managed by 36 long ways, which I really wanted to educate as a village, to educate as thousands of hectares of farmland. And I took care of the path road. For 17 years I worked in this small village. Rice planting, take care of buffalo fishing, swimming, all the long ways is a small White Sand Creek. And every year, when monsoon season comes, the creek will swell up. And this time the whole village gets excited. Because this time the fish, the big fish, swim upstream, can be productive. That's the kind of thing I remember. And it's so excited with monsoon front. It's not something so dangerous compared to there. You can warn it every, when you get a precipitation above one inch, you can warn it like that. So a total different story. Now this was during the normal days. I remember when I was 10 years old, I fell into the creek in the eastern flood. But I survived. You know why? Because the creek, the streams, the river is lush. Full of wells, reeds, vegetation. So I just scrubbed these vegetation and survived myself. I saved myself. So flood is not so fearful. When you can have green and blue together, and you have something and slow down the flood and be able to adapt the flood, it's friendly. It's not so harmful. So that's my understanding about flood. When we are talking about monsoon climate, there's about 20 inches or 30 inches precipitation. One day, no two inches here. Four inches. Several days ago, here in New York, it got flooded.  But everything changed. The river, the creek. I remember seeing the Weinstein creek in 1960s and in 2000. And today, it's a natural creek become concrete like that. Everywhere, I would say, almost everywhere, particularly in the developing countries in China, USA, India, in Mexico, in Bangladesh, the natural rivers will be channelized because we believe that the concrete can stop the city, the village from getting flooded. And we believe we can control the water. Exactly. And in my small village, which is a really tiny small village, we have seven pounds distributed in the village. And every day, people use this water in from the pond. We drink from the pond. Because this is where you can diverse the creek, water, and store it. So that every day, we depend on the pond to use it. And seven of them. And whenever they have, this here is a drought. I remember when I was a kid, we always increased additional pond so that during the dry season, you have enough water to get sustained. So it's the first season, you keep water, during the dry season, you recycle the used water. This pond, I remember, I helped the commune, the bigger pond. And eventually, the whole area, the whole landscape becomes spongy, becomes porous. You see all this green area actually are ponds. They evenly distributed across the landscape. Now that's why the landscape becomes resilient. During the first season, it gives water, it gives dry season, we use water. And this whole village, this whole area becomes so lush, green, resilient, and about to visit productive. Now this is my last image I still keep when I left my village in 1980s. Years later, when I went back to my village, after my college, after my living in New Beijing, the river, the system got all proved like that. Flood dropped, pollution happened and lost. It has become ubiquitous, it happened anywhere in China and in the world. Flood happened anywhere in the world. Whether it is a developed country like the US here, the New Orleans, you see, when a dam fell, when a tide fell, how did it get flooded? And here is a Bangladesh, the whole river polluted. Global-wise, 85% of the sewage didn't get treated along into the ocean, into the water. And so we understand that the great infrastructure can not save us from flood, from pollution, from all these environmental problems we have discussed. And here, the last image you can see in our central park, New York, how severely is it polluted and how severely is it flooded. This is also in New York. That is the middle of this most developed country. Certainly, we think we can use stronger flood wall, we can use much thicker, much powerful drainage system or pipe system, more complicated water treatment system like this. We believe we can solve this problem by this industrial technology. We could create infrastructure. Now this may be necessary in some cases to solve urgent problems, but this, I describe as a manicured, a little food technology can actually worsen the situation global-wise because it consumes a huge amount of energy by using more and more concrete and destroys the natural system, its own resiliency, destroy nature's own resiliency and also breaks connection between man and nature. And it's a fail. It failed two weeks ago in media. I imagine tens of people get killed. It's not a flood. It's by the failure of artificial infrastructure.  New Orleans failed because, not because of flood, it's all because of the failure of the flood wall. So here, how is this misconception about the solution? We use so much energy, so much coal in order to fix the world, in order to build the infrastructure, but it's a fail. And we'll fail. Now the alternative is, I call it the big-fit solution. The big-fit solution. Nature-based solution. Use nature instead of concrete and steel to solve the problem. To make the whole system back to resiliency. I, which I call a big-fit, big-fit solution compared to this manicured little fit. The alternative solution is called ecological infrastructure, instead of grey infrastructure. It is green. And water is a key for such infrastructure. So a city based on water-centered ecological infrastructure is called sponge city. But I will expand it to sponge watershed or sponge planet. From sponge catchment to sponge watershed to sponge farm, sponge town, all the way to sponge lake and sponge ocean. So the whole globe can be transformed from build, dry, dry and hot globe into a lush globe. So that's how, and it must across scale. From national continental scale, to regional, to local, to the individual project, a river, a park, a well and a street. So that's a whole idea. How can we utilize this vision of sponge planet? Now certainly we have to begin with political campaign. Now this is what I did in the past 25 years. I invited the mayors, the politicians, the prime ministers, even the president, this political leader of China. And as I really thank, so thankful to Microsoft in New York, he actually translated my book, the name of the leader of China. Microsoft, in memory of him, he passed away during the COVID. So I delivered more than 300 lectures to mayors, municipal government, to use the political power how to transform this gray into green. Now this is kind of my lectures to hundreds and thousands of mayors. This is some of the lectures we can see. I wrote to the prime minister in 2006 to how can we secure at national scale, at continental scale the green infrastructure, psychological infrastructure. And these then five regulations, five laws have been passed to protect this sensitive ecological infrastructure, which we define called ecological security parties at national and regional scale. And the idea is that not only does it protect, but it transforms. Transforms this ecological dystopia urban, industrial dystopia landscape into green landscape. Now this is that version. And in order to make that happen, you need to have simple tools. You need to make some solution that makes the solution simple, inexpensive, easy-working, meanwhile, beautiful. Now this, I get inspired by my childhood experience. My experience inside a little village which I call farmer's approach or peasants approach to create a working earth scale used to sanctify, to make the sanctification and modernize the nature-based solution to become liquidable. So from the traditional right, it designed engineering modules and tested and designed and become liquidable modules and can be operated, practiced at large scale. For example, terracing, ponding, dikeing and ponding and islanding. Imagine on the slope, 2000 above sea level, very little water. How can you grow rice? How can you create rice paddies? Terracing it. Very simple tool. And imagine in the poor river delta area, it was a swamp, flooded. Every year, flooded to create a pond and islanding system to turn this doubt area very productive and beautiful and biologically diverse habitat. Beautiful, productive, sustainable. So these are the solutions, simple solutions I found during the past 25 years and tested and implemented in over more than 200 cities and built over 600 projects, larger scale projects to solve the problem. For example, storm water regulation. Over 65% of Chinese cities suffering urban denodation every year and almost the same amount of cities in India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Pakistan, suffering even worse situation like this. Simple solution. Terracing, ponding, islanding and create sponge right in the middle of the city. This is rendering, this action. In one year, we transformed this flooded, urban denodation, flooded area into a safe and beautiful area and cut us urban property value, urban development in this area. You can see how much development happened in just three years and this whole area become a beautiful public space and habitat for biodiversity. This was before and this after. It's just a couple years difference. You can see how the problem gets solved. This was before. See how the blue area, how this area got flooded during the monsoon season and this is after. See how the flood problem got solved and also how it cut us this urban development. So long as it's on the park, the property value, so long as it's area increased 400% in just four or five years. 400% imagine. Similarly, in Langtang, which is at the middle reach of the Yangtze River, rather than every year we found this urban dump for coal ash. The coal ash dump polluted, used it and we transformed it into a floating forest. Again inspired by this ancient farming technique and create a forest resilient to the flood. Meanwhile, become a beautiful park for people to use during most of the year, 99% of the year because monsoon flood similar like New York one day is finished. So this area, you can handle about 2 million cubic meter of water. It does MIT technology review cover page over there. These Washington Post also celebrate that and it is such a welcome favorite place for the city, for people. And it's just doing coffee two years ago. We commissioned this project. Right in the middle of Bangkok. Now Bangkok is one of the most vulnerable cities in the world to the climate, to the sea level rising, a long field, a tobacco factory. So it's very simple to use one machine and use army force to implement this sponge idea. And down in one year you can see cut and fuel, transform 17 hectares of land into a central park right in the middle of Bangkok. So you become a low maintenance very low expensive expenses, low budget and certainly living is growing and resilient and also people mandate with people we see. It will become one of the most favorite public space for the city. And I imagine we are talking about about the flood. We have the regional flood, we have urban inundation. What about regional flood? Now this is the case. When you try flood war I heard that New York will build a flood war here. And eventually you lose your manager so what is up? So here is a flood war. People try to protect the city from the flood. You know what? What happened? When halfway built this river the mayor called me in a farmer's company because the buffalo cannot go to eat the water. Can't go to the water. So tell me what to do. How can we do it? I told them we have to devour the water. Recover and become a spawned river system. Resilient. Resilient. And use vegetation.  Concrete will fail every 20 years 30 years. But the vegetation can grow forever. It can produce itself. That's another example. A very heavy storm for the war and we totally get rid of it. And it covered with resilient landscape. Now people will say what happened if there are storm? Has this flood war been removed for 20 years? And it has been experienced for a couple huge storm. Historical storm. And it survived. Not only survived. It flourished. And people love it. And the property value increased dramatically. Again, we replicate this application across the scale this enterprise in Citroen, a big river. We remove concrete. Recover the repairing well line system. Create a spawned park. And certainly this spawned park is easy to maintain. I imagine if you get flooded it's fine. But if you are fine, you just wash it. You just only cover hours work. The same what happened here after this park remained beautiful and for people. What about pollution? Now the most polluted material actually nutrient. Phosphorus, nitrogen, like essential part. So water is basically polluted by phosphorus. Phosphorus I imagine is a fertilizer. Right? And the solutions use line scale. Line scale can clean these nutrient rich water. Now here is the process. A designed well line system or constructed well line system can function as a water cleansing system. Here is a demonstration in Huangpu River in Shanghai, 2009. So we learn from farming create terraces terraced well line system constructed well line system and grow with all kind of native vegetation to clean up to absorb the nutrients phosphorus, nitrogen and can produce crystal clean water. Meanwhile create a beautiful and here is a test you can see. 85% of nutrient can be removed. Imagine in central part you have such a huge area that can function as a cleanser. As a living system to clean these nutrient. Or based on our data a hector of well line can clean, can produce clean water 800 cubic meters. We can imagine how the nature can do it. So think about larger scale. Now this is about larger scale. This is about 700,000 square cubic meters in size. It is an ocean. North China's Bohei Sea, pruted, heavily pruted. So that's our pilot experiment. Why don't you turn the coastal line into a a living sponge that can clean water. Because all the water from the farm line from the city, from the sewage will eventually run into the ocean. So before running into the ocean we created this sponge system. It's a futrator. This is what it happened. So it is this futuring system. And based on our pilot experiment pilot project, it functions very well. So what about climate a storm surge? We are all afraid of this sea level rising and this is a storm surge. And that's why people build into the wall. Exactly during the process when people build into the wall a successful convince the mayor to remove it actually. That's the side. This is the wall. That's the side. To protect the side. So instead of from the water we actually let the water come in. Because when you let the water come in you see the landscape pattern you actually can reduce the destructive force of nature. So that's why it's an intertwined finger type of landscape actually become a futrator of the surge. That's the process. That's how it works. So nature force can be reduced, can be friendly. And this side can certainly become an ideal habitat for mangrove to get established. This was again this was this was a site. This was before and this is after. This is after. So it is also for the people of course. So after that everybody sees nature because it's an intertwined finger it's a part of nature part of people for people to use and man and nature live in harmony as I said. What about pollution? Soil pollution. It's a long field of liberation. The most part of the world don't have this kind of liberation. And 60% of soil is polluted in the cities particularly in the developing countries I would say. And it's actually expensive just use an underwear to clean it.  Green sponge use water. The storm water to create this micro ecosystem. Use plant to remove the contamination in the soil. Even heavy metals. That's the side. Collect the storm water because storm water is acid acidous and the soil is alkaline. So as a mix together we have a time for all kinds of species to remove pollution and this contamination in the soil. This is what is today. And this is an experiment it's a test to see how it performs well diversity, grazing of soil grazing of water and also beauty in the city. This is a practice even at a larger scale. Now we are talking about hundreds, thousands of hectares in this area. That's also a little bit down. Solid waste. And again inspired by the ancient farming technology, terracing. Created terraces use sewage to irrigate these terraces can be irrigating the soil waste this is today. And this is a performance with all the data about diversity the function of the cleaning system and also all kinds of toxication toxic soil problem of cleaning. Now we are talking about a piece of land we are talking about transformation to whole infrastructure. This is a great infrastructure we are so proud of in every city this is a new solution. Transform it remove it and create a green sustainable landscape that function as infrastructure. Not only the clean water we create a habitat for biodiversity for people in use. Now this is a performance test. The nutrient can remove 80 or 85 percent and habitat can be recovered right in the middle of the city. So now most of my project is outside of the US because it is a developing country currently in China, in Russia what about the US we can't do it here also we have a problem here also in the US now here is in Seattle a piece of land small but then we test this nature-based solution Pink High Park right in the middle of the international district. Territory is a ground different way the country is a strong water eventually the community loves this idea the country catches the water cleans the water and nourishes the vegetation so this is a presentation to the local community and there is a lot to love the idea certainly all kinds of activities this is the process of working with the community and this is the final mass plan the rendering and finally it can do I can do it it is small but it is in working it is working you can see here it was before this after you can see how life this park becomes for the people as always imagine this used to be an abandoned park of this yeah these today activities and my friend in Jeff Hall at Washington University passed an observation to see how people use in the morning and it is unknown what kind of people use it performance what about your home what about individuals how can individuals also get involved in this course of building a private room now this almost all buildings I would say 99% of buildings global wise are energy inefficient we use too much energy by building a country in China with 50% of energy what about terms of building in Ukraine now here is my my imagination a farm building become a farm the big farm, the vegetation and of course fish energies also of course but I can do it in my home at least this is my own apartment fifth floor and I collect storm water for the roof turns the balcony into a vegetable garden that's a vegetable garden I can produce every year 32 kilograms of vegetable I collect 52 tons of storm water for the roof yeah you can make any as my bathroom I now since here I put a bathtub because I can recycle some water and I even use storm water in the living room here is the wall now this living wall is different from the wall you see in the airport such as artificial wall totally different really growing living wall very no maintenance irrigated by storm water and as a children as children and imagine in the past three days actually three years during the pandemic lock down in your room what will happen people get mad my colleagues in half side this living wall can produce juice smell gas and juice smell that can cure depression cure depression yeah juice smell so if you have a living wall in your gore in your living room you can recover 30 percent quicker from disease or illness now that's the idea how you can have a healthy planet meanwhile have healthy human being have a healthy so here is the community the people who learn from my practice I give a lecture here also in my own building so more than ever we have to distinguish the way we build our cities the way we treat water and even the way we define civilization imagine we use the different civilization how much concrete wall we build how much highway we build how much patch system we have built so that's the definition of civilization and that's cause problem we have dry hot non-resilient gore totally destroyed whole system because nature has resiliency so go back to nature sponge city and sponge planet these are holistic and nature based solution to make wise use of nature's services nature provide free services as they are free for the benefit of the planet and it's the welfare of the people so this is my imagine how the globe can be much vegetated green and if it's too hot in New York it can cool off if too dry in central it can become more wet that's the globe we want and we all have this applicable we already have tested applicable useable solution here already so think like a king the king has territory a king with love the king is someone who has love take care of the territory that's the landscape's global surface the earth's scale but we have to act like a peasant the peasant the donor verse work with soil, work with plant, work with species just to think about the sustainability the future the future the future thanks peasant big future but really it may work that's my share thank you thank you that was incredible and before we get talking about New York there's a lot to talk about New York I wanted to ask you some questions but I know there could be a few but we always are interested in the process and I've listened to a couple of your lectures now I don't hear you talk about the process except for showing slides about the political process so I wanted to find out first what comes first talking with the politicians or getting a project or maybe it's all different and then how do you what is your office what is your who comes to the table is it the politicians is it the colleges I mean who's part of the discussion on the various projects and a little bit just about your staff and who's on your team it's kind of several questions so how to make this sort of routine happen what's first the politics I really talk about my journey first of all you need your imagination that's why I build that imagination I build my utopia I was inspired by so many I certainly have my own cosmos back to my village now that's my route so also route but in primitive cultural village we're going to go back of course we're going to go back to that time again even it is so beautiful but grafted on that route I have this knowledge which I learned at Harvard I have the idea of this in my car's idea of design with nature I have the idea about I spent this granted garden about the city the storm waters the ecology I have the idea of my calling here also Charles Water Urbanity Ecological I certainly have social ideology James Jacobs the death and life of America city of great cities so this I build on my utopia what's the future city should go back but that's only my imagination you cannot if the politician don't accept it if the public don't accept it it becomes totally utopia so how to make this utopia become a real vision in China we have a top-down system in the political system in the U.S. my workforce they were a top-up system so in China I adapt this model to this top-down system so I write letter to mayors so the first project I get actually when I give a lecture to the mayor so after I give a lecture to the mayor one of them sitting from here I have a hundred mayors if I convince them one will be enough for me to start with one project so that's happened in 1998 so I convince one mayor from Guangdong province which is a very open city and he invited me to build the project which is a shipyard park which integrated my ideology, my utopia and that project got the first award was being awarded by American Society of the landscape architecture and it was awarded in China and as I said you have this tool you have this powerful camera to say I have the ideology I have this utopia and I have this project so it becomes snowboard so now from three, one, three people which is 25 years ago we have now 400 people working with me so we have about 100 people going on like this so because the problem is so huge it is a huge problem climate adaptation pollution you have to solve this problem and in the US you have a total different system you have a grassroots system that's why my test is here in Seattle no one works you talk to people you talk to community and then you you put your utopia and you realize the utopia I think the most system kind of works but first of all you have to build this imagine utopia and speaking with the mayors do you think what do you think influences them the most is it the data that you provide them because I know you you've done a lot of data on this or is it the beautiful pictures the drawings that you present what do you think really kind of impacts them most well I think the most is to find out the problem is to to make them painful so aware that cost billions of dollars a lot every time and you have to tell them what can be done what alternative if you can fix great infrastructure to put billions of dollars which will fail again or are you going to feel beautiful and sustainable and everlasting great infrastructure so that's I think that's very contrast images that's what I do so that's why in the first book I published talk to the mayor I listed all these failures the failures in the US the mistakes here happen here the mistakes happening in Germany in other countries so we are not going to repeat this mistake again we have to learn from this experience or solution and this solution certainly is beautiful that's why I make design important make design design is is powerful that you can make beauty aesthetics but under the aesthetic you have solid ecology which I call deep form we will manage straddle forms which are not as simple but beautiful but not as simple beautiful shallow form unsustainable so the beauty here for me must be deep deep form I called John Lai he said a deep form is to build human design human design above the ecological process under this ecological solid process beauty solid so I didn't separate from beauty I'm working do you think that I'm wondering about Chinese tradition do you think that it's kind of intrinsic and in Chinese tradition do you think that how you're approaching it the way China has built these concrete canals whatever you said and it's true it comes from Western ideas of construction so is it going back to the tradition that is making it also more sustainable do you feel along with the technology of course modernization happened in China very shortly four decades maybe I will say it's a larger scale urbanization pick up early 1990s and then China opened in 1987 so urbanization happened right outside so that's why the Chinese urbanization we simply largely copied as a Western model the European model the Los Angeles model the whatever and all these models is based on the understanding that we based on the industrial technologies, great infrastructure and New York is the same I mean it's the Dutch built it up as an infrastructure but remember in France or in England where the first industrial revolution the climate is quite mild so infrastructure designed is dependable depending on the calculation very precise in New York for example infrastructure the journey system here is designed based on 1.5 inch of precipitation that's almost maximum so if you go beyond the 2 inches or 4 inches like 2 days ago you get flooded we all have an hour 2 inch an hour and 4 inches a day 5 inches a day so New York failed because climate change the Chinese city failed because the English structure from the western developed countries cannot adapt to the monsoon climate so you will see all cities in monsoon region Indonesia failed India failed Malaysia failed even Singapore so people from Singapore we can build high and high war and build secure and secure journey system but that cannot be sustainable because how secure is the journey system that can handle 20 or 40 inches of precipitation which is only half a year of rain and another half a year is going dry and eventually the whole system gets back with all this so that's why the great infrastructure failed either in monsoon area or in this climate change developed in Europe or in America that's why we want to fix it we want to invest huge amount of money to build or to expand this great infrastructure or you find alternative so on that subject and because I think we all are familiar with some of the proposals that are coming up from the army board engineer one of which I think was in the New York Times in June building this 20-foot high wall which is totally outrageous that minimally it wants to be reduced but it also doesn't protect other vulnerable communities where it is so there are other proposals out there but they have multiple alternatives there's barrier gates at various locations in the harbor there's lots of things but there is virtually nothing said about using the natural landscape or to add nature to part of this process so I don't know who you need to write to but or send your book to but you know what I know it's I know you're in the state way you know New York but what can we do here what is some small things and what is a big thing already they're looking at what are the measures that would be spent on this project so what could we get from $56 million if you were to do that well I have to remind you in 1970s in Germany it's a sea wall class right yeah in Germany and I also have to remind you that two weeks ago in Libya yeah so any wall any wall either they collapse already or they will be collapsed guaranteed guaranteed and if you build a sea wall I don't know how much, how high if you have 500 years of protection or you have suddenly a protection you don't know how much the flood will come even if it happens the whole Manhattan will get flooded we're talking about millions of people because you are so dependent on this wall and it will collapse one overnight so okay that's the worst situation yeah but I have to say why I talk about the sponge planet because as I said sea level rising every year it is rising okay but the whole globe is drier right and we still we keep dumping the flood into the ocean so about 40 based on my data, based on my data about about 50% of the sea level rising water access water come from the land and as maybe 50 or 60 come from the iceberg so if you keep the water on the ground okay on the dry planet you saw at least how was the problem already no matter how and it just turns the sponge turns the planet into sponge meanwhile everywhere in Africa, in China, in US in Idaho people dream away people the ground draw out everywhere the science is the problem and the global only have constant water so water is constant we didn't increase any water either in the air or in the ocean or on the ground or through iceberg so the holistic solution is create a wet more wet, I mean wet so wet just sponge keep 50% keep all the front as much as on the ground instead of clean away by this wall by this front and call it fresh all the front like in New York so this is a big future this is big future if you saw the problem in India or Pakistan or Libya if you saw the problem here in New York because only 1 millimeter sea level I see here we can solve the problem that's a global big picture and you cool off the temperature here also it's a global the small picture is is what I observed in New York this is in central this is the central ah, yeah when I click here you will see how I treat I mean all studies one is my mentor but certainly he didn't have this problem at his time yeah so water comes from the drainage come out, water drain away right so you have 2 problem is the within the wall honestly it's a sea level rising I already mentioned sea level rising within the wall actually cause daily uncomfortable can be disastrous also I remember in China in the city of Q 79 people in 2012 in the city on the street people can die in a car yeah I can immediately see that the central power can function as a sponge people can uncomfortable of course because this is a heritage I want a heritage of course but also see the drainage system and there's a wall between the green right here the park is basically sealed from the no function besides the equation of yours of course yeah the same even if it's millimeter change you can solve the problem there's a park there's a street so like get rid of the sidewalk get rid of the sidewalk walk somehow create a sponge and like this one the sponge can absorb some water now how much water can you solve and even if the central power is off you see the shop arm delusion and the flood of course and pollution and see that's the problem but people get excited by the way like my man so clumsy I stress now this now this idea that big picture is global picture small picture is Manhattan the island if the central power has about 3.2 square kilometer size which means you can solve the problem can come as much as park area based on my experience at least because you want to have such you know 5 inch rainfall that's nothing compared to monsoon monsoon region so that's my proposal but I need to start I have to be very sensible that's only hypothesis but that solves the problem from roof from the balcony from the kitchen garden anyway that can easily solve the problem within the wall but beyond the wall as I said you need a global picture but certainly you have more resilient solutions which again I need more details I cannot say right now I won't commission you yet you know I was talking with Charles just right before because we have two extremes we have this water over London but then as you mentioned there are parts of the United States that have little water there's water shortages so what can the places that have water shortages learn from your sponge city how can that influence how they may get more water or how can we share the water that we're having an over abundance with them again it's not about the amount of water it's about the distribution of water yeah it's about time so I was in Saudi I was in the United States area I mean Saudi they have that also the concrete river the drain away is a flood from the desert there's an ocean because that's exactly what happened and we are the same so anywhere you will have flood and even more serious in Los Angeles sometimes yeah you have that's called a freshwater flood so and this water actually can easily be the main and the charged aquifer keep on site and on the ground aquifer is the most sustainable way to protect the water actually and the knowledge of vegetation and also increase air temperature I mean air and reduce the temperature so it's a holistic solution so it's no matter where in India you have you have 4,000 millimeter precipitation in in the dry area you have only 10% of that so that's the idea about keep all the water on site as much as possible no matter you don't have to collect aquifer yeah yeah alright I'm going to open up now to questions and answers from the audience I'm sure you have some questions we have all the way on the back and I think wait for the microphone alright well I just want to say thank you it's a really interesting presentation and you talked about each vacation like how your sponge cities can help your nitrogen phosphorus from waterways is there any part of the sponge city that can address more solid waste like plastics and stuff that isn't biodegradable and that a national environment can't remove well it's not as honest as the sponge city when what goes out plastic and it's as honest as it is but suddenly you can recycle you can integrate it you can maybe grade but not building this on the city oh yeah yeah hi I know that it takes a long time for plants to get mature and they have different phases in design and I know in New York we are designing for the last generation but I see you're designing China and just having it in the last few years so how did you make that happen so fast so fast yeah first the problem is it's urgent in China you can flood as I mentioned 65% of Chinese cities have flooded you have to solve the problem as I said because of the infrastructure fail you have to find an alternative that's why it's an urgent problem second that's why we have to make it happen immediately I mean most of my projects can be built in two or three years some in one year so that's why you need to find a construction engineering solution how to make this fast easy low budget that's why I told you this there's a kiddie park in Thailand which is operated by army without skill one machine fast now how can this become beautiful not as a design problem how can make this working at the same time beautiful not as a new aesthetics I see so you need an urgent problem you need a very fast client you need a very easy working design skill hi thank you so much I've been thinking a lot about food security issues as well I think in my permaculture you would plant nut trees and a river bank deep roots it's harder in the city context but I have heard about places in China like city gardens and I was wondering if your clients are very comfortable using food production as a way to be a part of your sponge city and I would say food is part of the sponge city idea all the rice paddy is spongy food so I always integrate food as part of the productive landscape so landscape as a system ecological system ecological system so ecological system has all kind of surfaces production is one of the surfaces producing of food clean water biomass the second is regulation I'm talking about dry and wet and cool and hot that's regulation free services and the fourth is life support for biodiversity and the fourth category is beauty human is spiritual inspirational and beautiful landscape so this is all categories of services so landscape is holistic it's not single-minded that's why it's different from this army corp engineering solutions it is holistic ecosystem services Hi professor I am an architect so I'm not quite sure about the scale of your projects I noticed that most of your projects are extremely large and they are more like the Wayland park but like in New York we have extremely high dens of the urban context do you have any ideas about like micro-climate micro-sponge stuff can be inserted in this kind of urban context yes as I demonstrated in this Bangkok Central Park is a beautiful place to test this idea but all the living all the walls all the roof top can turn into green sponge and all your backyard and your interior living wall can happen so if you are talking about water I would say such a high density you can collect at least I would say maybe 50% water for the roof top and your garden can at least collect the water so democratize all these projects not a simple shop not just a wall not just a channel individual family people will follow all these sponge solutions my my balcony you can all do it how do I hi I have a question for you so you mentioned a few times in your presentation that a project has been built that the property values went up significantly in the area which is great for some people like landlords in New York City but there has been an issue in New York where some communities see the advantages of a project like a new park but they also see a potential threat in being displaced one of these projects being constructed so I'm wondering if that has ever cropped up in the history of the projects that you've built and if there have been effective ways that cities who have implemented these sort of sponge projects to combat this issue of pre-injectification I heard a lot about gentrification so it was certainly difficult to discuss here since gentrification I mean certainly when you make a place beautiful, make a place solve the problem of flood do you want a place to be flooded or do you want a place to be to be safe of course you want a place to be safe right if a low income family stay here if no one fixes a landscape here you can flood it it's still here of course no gentrification but what if you fix a landscape and the peace property value also increase what's the matter with that I don't understand I just don't understand so you can stay here under the power of Retro because you are profitable you are profitable it's your profitable value you don't have to sell it to the profit I mean you don't have to sell it to the profit you don't have to sell it to the profit I think that's another issue I'm talking about the landscape itself can solve the problem can increase the profit value can create holistic services beauty I don't think that any problem is that I think it's probably for people who rent and then the rents go up and they can't afford it so that becomes a whole other housing issue that's another issue yeah probably the tax increase yeah well that allows a social scientist to discuss there you go you're completely of course yeah it is I mean that's the issue I didn't Mexico has a similar problem I was in Mexico it's a very similar problem then you will find that along the river such a beautiful place as the river is a green and people all back walk with the river and say all lonely come you know what a potential here what a huge potential here can make this area developed it becomes very scary you never see it it makes the same problem is it just this problem or is it make an excuse to leave it just environmentally erratic yeah thank you for your time and the presentation is really interesting I have a question regarding using native plants native plantations to to I guess beautify the place and you also mentioned it's low budget projects how is that possible integrating native plant because in my mind using native reintroducing the native plants are more expensive thank you no that's a misconception I think it's a misconception in the U.S. also at the Venjakiti park we did we just saw it you don't have to plant big trees or plant native means say most Singaporeans are right least and easily productive so I think that should be cheaper instead of more expensive it's all I think it's a commercial commercial misconception because the nursery usually don't produce the native plants that's a problem so my suggestion is create a native plant nursery I make a fortune I'll teach you a set about using native plants that's so critical to helping the environment and it's so natural to where we live and I wish that you teach our younger children about this you know we're trying to save the planet it needs to be taught in schools all our beautiful tributaries that are around here that you see junkyards next to them suddenly they didn't want the ferry they said oh we have a sandy area and on the other side all these gorgeous tributaries and people come and fish it's just incredible and it was the young people that said no we don't need a ferry you know we can walk to the subway and you know we have also our history because the way they farm in different levels so I just applaud you and when you come to New York we have to create this and think this way and I loved in New Orleans where they were using instead of sand bags using oysters and then once they put the oysters in there with the bags other oysters started growing out of it to protect it it was the people it's always the people thank you one more question thank you so much Dr. Yu it's really great presentation so I wonder if we conclude that Sponge City is actually the integration of gray and green infrastructure not just green this is our question another is how the communities be involved and engaged in the whole process in China another question would be the maintenance maintenance project who are we going to maintain so the quick answer is that yes I don't want to over through the industrial revolution that's not my I would say that we have to interpret the natural best is the key maintenance in China here is different China is more by government maintenance we should say government budget but here you have these different foundation but more diverse you also have government budget government maintenance that's why is the key and it is a real native established native education you can have very little maintenance it's my experience yes thank you thank you for an extraordinary presentation and your accomplishments are really extraordinary for the last 25 years my question is very simple why hasn't the world followed this model why such an extraordinary and unique model only affine to China what's the explanation so that's your next project hahahaha you demonstrated hahahaha you proposed go to the street that's why we didn't have Russian I think because we are on the track we are on the track the track is we trust that human technology can solve all the problems that's the wrong track we already know that that's why we have to understand all the failures and this revolution take time and take really we need a huge amount of energy artists, media, public education education is so important and certainly top down all the money is needed imagine how another revolution happens it's it's full of revolution it's needed almost from some other changes changes in politics it's difficult well thank you all for coming thank you for your incredible time and your lecture was just really fantastic and I think we're all inspired so make a comment make final comments hahahaha I really appreciate it


Hello, Dirol. It is my great pleasure to continue my collaboration with Henle. This time I provided fingerings for Rachmaninoff's incredible cycle of 24 preludes. He was not the only composer to write 24 preludes in all the keys, but as far as I know he was the only one who took 18 years to write this cycle, and thus the cycle becomes a kind of reflection of his own creative development. And you can really follow the transformation from the very last romantic textures of the early preludes to the much more muscular, transparent and excitingly modern last preludes. What unites them, though, is that they are very interesting and challenging pianistically, and I hope that whatever help my fingerings might provide to make life easier for you as you study and perform the preludes. That would be a great reward for me.


Gain? I got a comic book haul. Should we do a comic book haul? Should we do a comic book haul? Cheryl, yes! Okay, Gain. So as I mentioned in our last current events livestream, I've had to stop buying comic books in my local comic shop pull list because I was asked not to return because I would not abide by the mask mandates. Okay, so that's the bad news. So no more pull list, okay, because I had to close my pull list and it's too bad because I was probably the one comic book buyer with a pull list there that was buying the most amount of independence. So unfortunately a lot of independence, like independent publishers I was buying, I won't be able to get their comics, right? That's the bad news. The good news is we're going to do more comic book haul videos because the money I was saving on a weekly basis that I was spending at the comic book store I can now order comics online, right? No QR code or masks required, right? So we buy more comics, we do more comic book haul videos. Comic book hauls are back on the table, baby. Right? Let's do one. Let's do one. I'm just going to kind of caught up with Chad. Yeah, I believe you would be easy to make them too strong. Hold off on that. Yeah, yeah. First time Chad. I got to read the first time Chad. Killer whale defender. Chico, you helped me pass Scottish higher maths when I was in high school. Now you're helping me fight fascists and technocrats. Thank you for all my pleasure, all your work, especially for your SaunchCon. Awesome. Thank you very much for the kind words, killer whale defender. And you're doing good work defending Orcas, killer whales. Thanks for being here. And it's just stuff that needs to be done as far as I'm concerned, right? Joe Chico, apparently South Korea has broadcast K-pop music across the Korean, the military, into North Korea using loudspeakers. Oh my God. Defect. Defect. Get out of there. Or don't defect, run back into North Korea. K-pop. K-pop can be fun, though. Smith, that's nothing. Nickelback's music was used for torture through nearly all the early 2000s. Ah, damn. Oh man, what a bummer. Indeed. Comic book haul drops into current events. Awesome. Awesome. Let's do it, gang. Let me show you this. And this is one comic book. Okay. Grated. Fragile. Fragile. Fragile. Do not drop or crush. Do not drop or crush. And it's one comic book. Okay. It's a graded comic book. Joe Chico. Orcas are actually dolphins. They got their name after they were observed killing whales. Yeah. Was it killing whales or killing sea? What do you call it? Jeez, Louise. The other things they eat a lot. The seals. Killing seals. Wagenator. I heard Nickelback is threatening to upload more music on the Spotify with Joe Rogan. That's going to be the funniest thing I've read regarding that. Nickelback's threatening to upload more music to Spotify. Joe Rogan, you're out, man.  Horonovil. I listened to a horror podcast, last podcast on the left that just put out a comic called Soul Plumber that sounds interesting. Thinking about getting my hands on them. Awesome. Why not? Why not? Why not? Sea dogs, seals, sea dogs. So check this out. So this comic book was $60. Okay. I paid $60 US for it and it was like $22 shipping. So it cost $82 US, okay, to ship to Canada. And it was coming from the United States. No, no, it was coming from Canada. I bought it from Canada. Awesome. Awesome. Now this is a comic book I'm trying to get my hands on more. But I want to get a good deal on it because I'm on budget. I'm always trying to get a good deal on it, on things that will put these guys away. Nicely wrapped. Awesome. Very nicely wrapped. It's now a comic stream. Okay. I'll open this baby up. Nice. Check this out. Check this out. Bloodshot 51, graded at 9.4. Awesome. This is the last issue of the Bloodshot series. And this is one of the least printed valiant comics of the regular covers, regular run. Okay. I believe there's only 9,000 of these around, eight or 9,000 of these around, right? If you recall, we bought a whole run of Bloodshot from number one to 51. I've had the earlier issues, but we just ended up getting a whole run, bought it, right? The number 51 I had wasn't in great grade. It would have been, it's probably like a eight and a half or something like this, eight, eight and a half, maybe a nine. This is 9.4 graded. Awesome. Awesome. Awesome. Very happy about this. Very happy about this. And it was a good price and it came from Canada, right? So $82 Canadian. Okay. Play it, Martin. James Blunt made a tweet like that. He treated to upload more, dropped more music. They didn't drop show hilarious or I love opening pages from outside the States. Nice. Nice. We haven't heard your cats in a while. They're sleeping right now. They're sleeping right now. They're, they're getting up. I'm sort of, they're a little chaos in the mornings. I've had some mornings, morning streams were just running around, just boom, boom, boom. But last few streams I've been in the sunroom and I've been scheduled at a time when they were mainly sleeping. They sort of have a pretty set schedule. It's interesting. Oh my God. It took me 10 minutes to get my Lobo Comics Christmas. Did you get them? Awesome. Awesome. What's a good site to read comics so I don't have to ruin the books. I want to read the old Marvel stuff from start to finish. Smith, you can get legit subscriptions to things, you know, Marvel limited and stuff like that. I personally don't. There's some few sites out there where you can do searches and read almost anything you want. I don't, I haven't memorized the links myself, but I do have them bookmarked. So when I need to grab a page, sometimes I scan pages, take pictures or, you know, copy pages from online in the comic book videos that we do to show you guys. That's where I get the pages from. All right. Nice. And here's the back cover. Alien trilogy. Aliens. Alien. Alien. Fonz. Never been a graded comic book in a shiny case, but have a couple graded MTG cars. Nice. Nice. Bloodshot. This is still on my to buy list. I'm going to still try to get my hands on more bloodshot comics. Okay. I've found some in the United States, but they're using eBay's global shipping program and I won't buy from them. That's it. I refuse to buy anything from eBay's global shipping program from now on. So that's our comic book haul video. Awesome. Awesome. Awesome. Let's go back to chat and talk about current events.


Sethu, an important win against Pragana Nandha with the white pieces. Tell us your thoughts on the game. Yeah, it was a stain in its defense. He surprised me a bit. I was expecting archangel variation. But nevertheless, I had some small idea with A3 in the opening. I think I got a slightly pleasant position and I had one point more. But I think he had some competition but I think not more for equality. So in the end, yeah, I was able to win quite comfortably. So he sacrificed the pawn but was not really able to prove his compensation? Yeah, okay, my pieces were a bit misplaced but when I get the coordination, it's very difficult for him to withhold the position. Right now, Sethu, Pragana, you know him quite well. How is that like to play with somebody who is firstly such a big upcoming talent from India and also someone you know very well? Yeah, it was a pity that he had good chances for GM Norm. Yeah, I mean he will make it for sure in the upcoming years. Yeah, but it was the first time I played with him in the tournament. Okay, we have played some training Blitz games or something. He's very talented and yeah. And his style of play is also quite aggressive because like you said today, even though he wasn't able to prove his compensation, he did try for the initiative by sacrificing the pawn. Yeah, he had to try for something otherwise he will get an unpleasant position. Yeah, actually, he's a good player of course. And these young boys always fight for initiative, huh? Yeah, that's true. Young Indian boys. Right, now Sethu, you're at 6 out of 8. How do you feel about your chances going into the last two rounds? Yeah, actually I won the last three rounds. It is very nice to be in contention for some top places. Yeah, feels good. Two more rounds to go, hoping for a good finish. And your quality of your game so far, you're happy with it? Yeah, except my loss. Other games were fine, yeah. You lost to Nino? Yeah, I lost to Nino in a good position so it was a bit disappointing but okay, I made up with three wins later. Right, well, we wish you all the best going into the final leg of the tournament and hope to have you back here. Thank you.


Hello and welcome to the session. The position says find the derivative of the following functions. It is to be understood that a, b, c, d, p, q are in s of x non-zero constants and m and n are integers. So, let's start with the solution. Here let us denote the given function by y. So, y is equal to cos x into cot x. Now we have to find its derivative that is dy upon dx. Now let cos x be u and cot x be v. Then by the product rule we have u dash into v plus u into v dash that is supposed to find the derivative of u. Multiply it with v plus u into the derivative of v. This is the product rule of differentiation. So we have derivative of cos x into v is cot x plus u that is cos x into derivative of v that is cot x. This is further equal to derivative of cos x is minus cos x into cot x. Then we have cot x plus cos x and derivative of cot x is minus cos x square x. This is further equal to minus cos x into cot x into cot x is cot square x minus cos x cube x which can further be written as minus cos x cube x minus cos x into cot square x. Rearranging both the terms. Thus on differentiating the given function our answer is minus cos x cube x minus cos x into cot square x. So this completes the session. Bye and take care.


After parental pressure led to their head coach resigning last year, the Brainer boys basketball team has a fresh start to their 2018 campaign. This may be Charlie Shack's first head coaching job at the varsity level, but the players are responding well to the change. Sports reporter Anthony Scott has more. I've always wanted to coach a high school team and this is, you know, the best place to do it in my mind. Charlie Shack previously coached the Brainer freshman team, so he has familiarity with the underclassmen, but the seniors have enjoyed the change of pace as well. It's just more intense, it's more personal with them, you can relate to them, have a typical conversation with them and all around it's been good. What wasn't good was the way the Warriors started the season, dropping each of their first three games, but the attitude at practice quickly changed after the rough start. We were just ready to turn it around, different mindset coming into practice, just like a lot more energy than we usually had just to turn that season around. They turned it around in a big way, scoring 96 points in an overtime victory on the road against Salk Rapids Rice. We started shooting the ball really well, shot at like 48 percent. I think that game, Joey Sauer had a phenomenal game. I mean, the best I've ever seen as a player or a coach. In fact, Sauer was so good, he tied a 57 year old Brainerd school record for points in a game with 41. Probably after the first couple minutes I started hitting my threes, I think I hit like five or so and I felt like this could be, my teammates were there helping me give me the ball and it was just special. We have a tight knit group and they knew Joey had the hot hand and everybody was all right with getting him the ball. So that's the key to a good team is just being unselfish and we got those kind of guys. With the Warriors' deep bench, Brainerd runs a fast-paced offense and pressured the defense all the way up the court. Brainerd should be a fun group to watch all season long. We've definitely found our groove and we're going to keep it rolling and there's lots coming this year. It's going to be really exciting. Reporting from Brainerd, Anthony Scott, Lakeland News. And the Warriors have an off day tomorrow before traveling to Cambridge, I-Santi on Friday. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.