Okay, so we are moving to the very last session of today the last technical session Dealing with a with something that being in Madrid makes a lot of sense. It's about cities We have heard before that half of the population nowadays or more than half lives in cities It's a big challenge to keep this sustainable and the prospects are than two-thirds of the humankind will be living in cities by 2050 The zero cities is a Wonderful idea. It basically means that there is no emissions No carbon footprint after all There are several principles to take into account and many a kind of theoretical ideas on on how to move into this direction From promoting recycling and voluntary simplicity to networking and connecting Different areas of activities that are typically addressed separately. So I will present the moderator of this panel who is Nicoló Asté and He's a full professor in the department of architecture built environment and construction engineering in Politecnico de Milano as well And together with Nicoló we have on stage five speakers Claudio Del Perro Isi Isidoro Isidoro Miranda Cristina Gamboa Marique van Staden I'm Pamela Lucia bravo teeth. So if you would like to join us on the stage Thank you for coming Good afternoon everybody I'm very proud to be here I'm very happy to can share with you my passion for Sustainability and also my concerns for our common future you know, I'm a Professor at Politecnico de Milano in building physics and energy systems and Above all I'm an architect So I am a black sheep in my scientific community and people often call me engineer because energy Renewable energy efficiency is a matter of engineers and I say oh architect and people is looking at them looking at me and say, yes, yes So funny engineer, okay Nobody's perfect, but almost perfect are my panelists. So let me introduce my Energy saving device is not working. Please the wrong button. So I'm an architect They The panelists are Claudio Del Perro is a well-known face for me Professor at Politecnico de Milano. He's an engineer and Christina Gamboa CEO of World Green Building Council from Colombia is Idora Miranda managing director Lafarge Holstein Horkin Spain Marieke van Staden Director of Eklis Bond Center for local climate action and reporting from Germany and last but not least Pamela Lucia Bravo Ortiz Deputy secretary of environmental planning and information city of Lima from Peru and So just a few slides to introduce the problem of sustainability and architecture Let's talk about about the evolutions and the evolution of the mankind starting from the level of monkeys and Coming at the upper level of almost sapiens or sapiens sapiens and the evolution and the progressive development of architecture has Always accompanied the evolution of the mankind starting from the cave to the wooden hut to the brick house to the modern International style building to the contemporary architecture, but what is architecture and in the common feeling architecture is a form of art where the architect is a genius and he is conceiving designing and creating masterpieces and This architecture is also able to change the image of a whole city like in Vibao with the museum designed by Frank Gehry so there is the artist and there is the work of art But very often the story is a little bit different and the energy problems and issues are Taking over the architecture and so in this case you see that the technical plants Like Starship landed on the roof of the building and maybe this was not the Initial idea of the architect. Maybe the Masterpiece was not maybe it's not a masterpiece, but it was not conceived in this way and If we look at the contemporary architecture, we can see Some of the most beautiful buildings of the last decades designed by Zadid Norman Foster, Pei, Januvel, Renzo Piano, Fuxa, Stadao Ando, Libeskind and Frank Gehry again and What do these buildings have in common? Not the shape, not the style Not the genius of the designer that are very different What is the fear Rouge? Which means this building? The massive use of Steel and glass so the architecture is contemporary But the concept is very ancient They are green house and These buildings are responsible of huge Thermal losses during the winter and heavy overheating during the summer and the result of this contemporary beautiful Magnificent architecture is this If we think that our buildings and the building sector accounts almost for the 40% of the total energy consumption in the world and On the of the related Impact emissions pollution We understand that Is architecture Is not affordable for us So in terms of evolution There we maybe we have to rethink what we are And maybe we are not so sapiens but rather a little bit hypertrophic So I Don't want to be like that What about you? Thank you for your attention So I would like to give the floor to Claudio de Perro As I said his professor polytechnic of the Milano, he's actively involved in research and development activities related to energy efficiency in the building sector and to the exploitation of renewable energy sources Since 2014 he also participates in many technology transfer and cooperation Activities on the both mentioned topics, especially in African countries so thanks a lot for the introduction and Good afternoon to everybody So now after some that's a bad news I will try to give some good news so to understand how easy it could be to Decarbonize the building sector I start with general overview on the On the building sector so you can see it is well known that the energy consumption of buildings is almost 40% of the total energy demand and the The problem is that if you see the future building stocks We understand that the Increase the growth rate is about five point five billion square meter per year So in 2050 we will have more than 400 billion square meter of building all around the world. So it's a very huge amount and then if we Look at the share of this amount of building all around the world. We see that nowadays China is in the first place So he's in terms of floor area the first country with the amount of square meter at the second place We found we find the United States and then all the other countries But if we look at the future scenario in 2050 we see that the India and Africa together We will have we'll have a number of new buildings overcoming the numbers of new building of developed countries so Africa alone we will reach 2.5 billion inhabitants so the population will double This means that we need to properly address how to Design and construct these new buildings because if we do it in the wrong way, we can't solve the problem and Then about the energy consumption of buildings So if we look at the increase of the energy consumption between 2010 and 2017 The increase was plus 5% that is lower than meaning that the increase of the floor area that was plus 17% so it means that new buildings are more efficient than old building But the bad news if you look at the other Graph in the in the slide the energy consumption of the cooling For cooling building cooling has been growing very steeply and will continue to grow For two reasons for the climate change so the temperature are rising increasing a lot and also the Per capita income is increasing so people are expecting to have higher comfort condition So 20 years ago or 30 years ago in Milano almost nobody had the air conditioning system at home Nowadays is a is a must everybody want air conditioning because for two months the temperature are terrible Look at the future expect an energy demand for cooling in India China in the rest of the world including Africa It's a huge amount So we is not enough to think about how to reduce heating energy demand, but we have to face also cooling energy Then last about not least the co2 emission So they are expected to increase about 40% in the building sector However, we have to take in consideration that emission embodied emission will be in 2050 more or less the same than Operational emission because the new buildings will be more efficient. So it means that the operational carbon will be reduced So we will have a 50 50 situation It means that the construction industry you require to radically change its manufacturing structure to decrease the embodied carbon So What we can do we have a strategy and the solution is that pyramid you see in the slide so we can state that today Putting together the knowledge we have and putting together the technologies We have is possible to obtain near the rock album building Without many problems according to these overall strategy So the ground floor of the pyramid is to maximize the buildings and energy efficiency first mainly through passive design strategies and Materials so we have to minimize the amount of thermal energy Needed for heating and cooling the second floor of the pyramid is to adopt high efficiency technical system and Advanced control management strategy So we have to phase out in efficient the fossil fuel boilers and to push the use of heat pumps They use of district heating and cooling and so on then the top of the pyramid are renewable energies So we have to mass maximize on-site or nearby renewable energy production and self-consumption While electrifying the building sector because in a building it's absolutely possible to generate The exactly the amount of the energy consumption also exceed the amount of energy user for heating cooling lighting and all the other Appliances in the building is feasible So according this overall strategy we Define eight Key Polish policy action to be put in process as soon as possible The first one is to establish Advanced building energy codes to set minimum energy performance level for existing buildings in developer countries And we have to define specific policy and action for developing countries or more related to new constructions Second is to achieve high efficiency building envelope at negative Life-cycle costs, so we have to work a lot with industry and policy makers Must develop strategic frameworks to create the proper market condition for low-carbon technologies Then number three we have to mandate minimum energy performance standards for heating equipment So we have absolutely to prevent expansion of fossil fuel heating and push high efficiency and integrated energy solution Number four for sure. We have to promote low-cost solar technologies such as photovoltaics and renewable district heating and cooling Number five we have to remove regulation and measure subtracting energy self-consumption. So every user must be able to Quickly and easily use the energy generated on roof of the building with renewables For example number seven that is strictly related to the previous one to promote affordable energy storage solutions both Thermal and the later to maximize the local dispatching and management of renewable I remind that it's in a building. It's quite easy to store thermal energy Not necessary. We have to store electricity because we mainly use thermal energy for heating cooling and domestic hot water Number seven we need to promote training and capacity building activities for the construction sector to improve the knowledge and the skill and at the same time We have to strongly increase the application of climate responsive and integrated building design Last but not least we have to promote tailored solution for developing countries such as for example Low-cost solar thermal system for water heating and clean technologies for cooking So in conclusion again, I cannot say that is a an easy work But we have the knowledge and we have the technology to reach the goal So please let's go home today with the commitment and the promise that we will do our best to go in this direction Thanks a lot for your attention Thank you, Claudio, especially for being in time Let me introduce you Christina Gamboa second speaker of this session There is she's CEO of the World Green Building Council She's graduated in economics economics from University of Los Andes in Bogota As a master in international relationship and economics from Jones Hopkins University Formerly she was also CEO of Columbia Green Building Council and also has Explorized in the fields of economic research journalism and international affairs Thank you so much Okay, good afternoon I'm gonna be addressing the topic from the perspective of the work of the World Green Building Council We were we're one of the largest global action networks in the built environment We have green building councils in almost 70 countries including GBC, Espana and We represent almost 40,000 companies worldwide with 900 staff and we are Happy to show here more actions more than more than More than diagnosis because we know what to do now. How do we scale up? So we're very happy to co-author also the building section of the roadmap to decarbonization that is presented today Thank you very much for that opportunity My staff was in the meeting in Milan It was very interesting to have that conversation of business action networks and having a collaboration with the academic community But also that voice going forward with a actionable solutions so as I said, I'm here to present the progress of the World Green Building Council and How we're taking how are we are moving to take us to a net zero economy? so we've heard from the Previous speakers of the problems we face the buildings and construction sector is responsible for a very significant amount of carbon emissions and resource consumption globally and that's not going to stop and It's going to grow exponentially actually and most of it in developing countries Additionally since we spend 90% of our time indoors I know if you've realized here the lack of a natural light and the effect it has on our health Buildings to affect how we feel do affect a Through air quality levels both externally inside our buildings air pollution is pretty much also understood that it does come from the unsustainability of our buildings We have a good long way to go for the next cop. Hopefully it will be called the net zero cop as I'm hearing and There's only 68 countries that have building energy codes And that is a slowly not changing It's very hard process. So the business side of things the business action that inspires also policy leadership I was so inspired by the presentation today from Rosario in Argentina If we would like any city to act that's the roadmap and it addresses most of the barriers and the solutions We were seeing in the previous presentations We have to the long way to go I was I was trying to say also that the national determined contributions the NDCs around buildings the commitments that countries do around buildings in the Paris Agreement are really poor and It's not that that's going to be the solution But as we know the right policy signal is very important for us to know that that's the direction We're heading that it's unequivocal and so business can invest according to that vision so I Don't have to say much here about this audience that buildings are critical solution to climate change It is one of the biggest contributors to the problem But also represents one of the biggest opportunities as we're seeing and Importantly it has to be about people our human health improving sustainability in buildings So my my voice here is that we need to act now fully decarbonize the building sector We know how to do it a division of the possible is there both energy used in operation and buildings But also emissions from materials and construction and I would like to say a little bit also on the solutions Addressed here. I guess the green building movement has come a long way. It's not new right? I think we've evolved an understanding that those very high end architecture Solutions that didn't speak to other disciplines, right? Had to learn head on what is integrated design to increase To minimize the negative impact the building has in the environment What we're seeing now through the net zero carbon pathways is that we need is to think about full whole life cycle It's not enough to build and go. We don't have to understand the operations phase We have to understand and truck data and we have to address critically head on in body carbon or up front emissions and This road map also is because buildings do provide us an opportunity to connect with other sectors And as we've seen in this conference, there's a lot of potential and power to integrate the buildings of and transport systems Send the right demand signals of industry for decarbonization and reduce overall energy consumption Or otherwise, of course make it more efficient and green and of course facilitate the renewable energy transition Sustainable development goals are totally interlinked with a decarbonization agenda and green buildings are The built environment overall is one of the most effective ways to address the STG's And our network across the world across the almost 70 countries we operate on are Totally focused on supporting how we create buildings green buildings for everyone everywhere so we can enable a built environment that helps people to thrive and not cost us the earth and I would also say that We have been working on pathways to achieve Net zero carbon target goals So one of the key programs in that we we let's say we supported the road map with it's called advancing net zero Advancing net zero basically is how to accelerate the uptake of net zero carbon buildings It's a project framework that incorporates target dates according to the climate science as we know fully Decarbonized by 2050. It's not doesn't mean that we act by 2050. We have to act today And we know that to get there all new buildings have to be Decarbonized or by 2030 our definition of natural carbon buildings are As now it's standard highly energy efficient with all remaining energy coming from on-site or off-site renewables We do have four action pathways that we believe are gonna get us there And I as I said measure and disclose in operation if that's a full change on mindset in the sector Reduce energy demand through energy efficiency to reach decarbonization faster Generate a balance from renewable sources on-site off-site and offset where appropriate as a last resort, of course But importantly over time increase include other sustainability impacts such as embodied carbon waste and water Um, where are we at? We have been really working hard to improve standards around countries around the world So using our framework we all we have right now at least ten markets that are deploying Let's net zero carbon solutions to understand what it means for their local Reality their market, but also addresses how to move the industry quicker For example the UK and the UK the UK Green Building Council recently launched a framework encouraging whole-life cycle Approach including emissions both from operational and embodied and also other schemes in our European GPCs in Australia Green Building Council. It's really interesting now. They have a performance pathway for positive carbon buildings It's not even net zero is positive permitting permitting their conversation to be one of the most progressive Markets in the world in this sense the US Green Building Council is the let's say the owner of the lead brand Which is very popular they also have now as a result of our collaboration in this program of a lead zero pathway and in Singapore the focus is also a Shifting towards achieving super low energy buildings that are prepared and future-proofed through a decarbonized grid Oh that way all the way forward. Oh, no, that's it. Sorry a our Our I tried to do it slides with less text, so I got confused We we have a great report that was launched in July It's called the advancing net zero report and here we are flagging the key progress in what we're delivering We have 28 cities that have committed to net zero carbon visions this week Helsinki through our commitment committed to net zero by 2035 so those dates are rolling forward the state of California also signed our Commitment and that will include decarbonizing 16 million buildings and they are committed to enacting regulation to meet their targets and Municipalities that have been signing are also committed to decarbonizing their own buildings So every actor can do something about it and that's how we're moving this topic forward I would like to mention that the bill we in Europe There's a problem program that we are collaborating with the European Commission. It's called build upon to it's funded by the EU horizon 2020 we are working in eight cities in in in Spain including Valladolid and they are Going to comply with the EU director for energy performance and we're collaborating with the Glover Covenant of mayors so they address the Retrofit challenge in Europe so it's their calls are there right there great nobody uses them So we're working on how to deploy that we're working in eight cities in Europe by 2021 We commit to have 10 more so it's going to be 18 So it's how to implement those local effectiveness in in coats and that is going to be That we are going to have indoor air quality comfort Particularly for some for people that are addressing energy poverty through the bad homes We have across the regions but addressing areas where also no no new building is going to happen We're working also not that our green building council of Espana also is taking on government action They're leading the the the the let's say those conversations here And we you're gonna find there the examples of those cities of those cities taking action going forward And you can read more there and thankfully I'm addressing the report because there's no time Finally there has to be a marriage between the operational and body as we said and We know by 85 endorsers of our embodied carbon report that the vision of Decarbonizing the upfront emissions can happen by 2030 slashing by 40% and then that way we will start talking about a whole life cycle of buildings and Realize a vision of how to address also circularity in materials and Be effective in this journey. Thank you very much Thank you so much Christina So the next speaker is Doron Miranda. It is managing director of Lafarge whole came Spain and He's also vice-president of your European Cement Association Semburo and it's pain counterpart of a semen And he has been active all over the world namely in Asia Latin America and in the USA working on a variety of construction materials like gipsum aggregates and Concrete and especially cement. I think Good afternoon. Thank you, Nicolò. I Never thought I was going to have a such a difficult Afternoon, I'm the second cement speaker and I Have a this is Spain. So I have a terrible Responsibilities that you don't fall asleep and get the acquittance to Spanish Siesta time so Let me get first thing The minute of publicity as he has told me Nicolò has told several things that we do there is only one that pays me So I need to get the publicity out. So just in case I need to get a job for for this evening, huh? so La Farce Holstein and La Farce Holstein we are active in 80 countries. I know most of those 75,000 people for those who are not used to the European Swiss francs Which I'll assume is the whole audience 25 billion euros is is more than than enough Many of you would like to go home this evening and tell to your children and friend, you know, I heard the biggest semen worldwide company But unfortunately the answer is no. I mean, there are two Chinese that are even bigger than us I mean once upon the world we said, you know We are Europe. We are the biggest cement was invented 200 years ago The British people will say in Portland, UK. Some French people will say in France. Mr. Vika I don't care. I mean romance used to use it a long time ago Then we forgot and then the English and the French got us back in track to get the right Formula and since then we are building our houses this amphitheater even if you see wood and some painting in the world But the cement and concrete Surround us Let me also get another thing Out of this scene quite quickly. I mean we are all talking here about CO2 climate change Okay for us in a farge holes in sustainability is for things. Yes climate change is important I mean and I will come back to to this point because I mean we are Not the largest cement manufacturer, but Alberto very kindly told us that In cement we produce between depending if you come China or not come China 4% or 6% of the CO2 worldwide But I can tell you that Lafarge holes him will have a seat in the European nations of CO2 emitters I have for sure will be sharing the seating with Arcelor metal and with many other companies But we do sit in in that league and we feel the heat of Responsibility and this is why we do things and but Believe it or not We believe that the solution is not only CO2 is also circular economy It's the fact that resources are scarce and you cannot keep using and using fossil fuels Etc. You have to reinvent The wheel and that will happen to all of us We will come back to the reusable glass bottle for getting about the plastics and this will happen I mean 52 million tons of reuse material we use on our on our worldwide basis environment, I mean We do care about CO2 But there are many people that live and use our cement that for them tomorrow does not exist It's only today because they don't get fresh water I mean you want to know what is the best progress of concrete in your life? You have clean water reaching you Without cement and concrete you will not have clean water reaching you at home Since we were able to develop that then the health of Of humanity has increased and then we are able to live more than 80 years There are many countries in this world that the living expectancy is less than 50 years because clean water Does not reach home and this is extremely important and the same That's why we use a fourth factor to measure our sustainability is that we want to have a positive impact to people and every year we try to reach 3 billion people is small and big I mean we have schools for teaching women to get a training and to get a decent job and at least to earn more than the $1 per day that in many many families and people live in in this world having said that Why why do we care about cement? Why do we care about about cities? It's because population continues to grow and It's been said by Nicolo, but The most efficient way a human being can live is one on top of the other I mean it sounds a little bit strange But that's the reality you want to know I mean the people that have no hair I mean there are some in the room They they they know what I'm saying very much because the heat always goes up And the heat always goes up and the people that have no hair they carry a hat They they try to preserve the air on top of the house is exactly the same Your heat of the house Goes up and the best way to use that heat is that there is someone else on top of you and use the heat and Then you to put another one and another one and another one you have probably An escape I hope the architects are gonna design it very well But it is the most efficient way to live human beings and for sure you reduce The distance between to transport water you reduce the distance that the children have to go to school Everything becomes extremely more more more efficient So I'm sorry to tell you that those that want to live alone in the garden outside is the most efficient way You can leave is in cities like Madrid Barcelona, New York and as Fabio was was saying there is one New York city to be built Every month or one Paris City to be built in this case is every weekend. So, you know, we need to take care of them So we want a higher standard livings. I mean and the infrastructures that These people will need will have to be built and hence the responsibility of people like me cement manufacturer architects building infrastructure Etc. So, I mean in the next 25 years 60% of the infrastructure that the human being needs is yet to be built And that's an important thing to remember. I mean the problem of climate change Environment, etc. Is is big, but it's not going to get any simpler I mean humanity continues to grow and these needs are so the low-carbon Transition is something that we better start working today and don't wait for the change of regulation Etc. So so so we really need to to take care of that for sure. We love our housing. We have done Lots of things. Yes, we are we are very proud to have reduced 25 25% of carbon emissions Nobody asked us for that. I mean, we thought it was very important We we feel this the heat of being seated in these United Nations of CO2 emitters and we started to To work on that and and we continue to push towards a 30% Reduction by doing many things that Fabio before me mentioned to you. So I'm not gonna go into into into this. I mean, let me let me tell you that Few numbers have been told in here for sure Alberto mentioned the three to six percent of CO2 emission in In in cement, but there is also a number that that was said also before 36% of the CO2 Emitted in the world was the shower you took earlier this morning The milk you heated to have breakfast this morning How many of you have left a Lamp a bulb switch on at home Maybe none, but I'm sure your TV has this red light switch on because it's in In a mode in which it consumes only one or two percent, but it's one or two percent more. Okay? So I'm not going to be like Algor Pretentious, but but the reality is that many things will have to change building standards will have to change Pricing of CO2 is a must It was mentioned earlier by by by Julio I mean if we were to double the price of cement that most likely is going to happen The price of your house will maybe increase by one two percent Depending on the honesty of the whole value change But my question is how many of you did ask Prior to renting your apartment or buying your house how much was going to be my electricity bill How many of you did ask that because you ask the question when you buy the car?  And so I think We only need to be conscious of that Be aware that we in La Farschholz we will continue to do research Alberto We have a plant in Germany in which we capture CO2 and when we met an ice the the CO2 and Here in Spain, we will do a low carbon Clinker, but at the same time you which are the customers But when Julio said you don't go to the supermarket to buy concrete Yes, you don't go but when you buy your house you do Okay, so each one of us will have to be alert of this and change our consumer of it. Thank you very much So thank you is the door and next speaker is Marike van Staden She's direct director of Eklis Bond Center for local climate action and reporting from Germany as director She leads Eklis approach to integrated climate action working within a global network of almost 2000 local and subnational governments in more than 100 countries Basis on a very rewarding career. She transitioned from national government to NGO space a present she focus on Guiding all levels of governments and on integrated measuring reporting and verification to track and analyze the impact of climate action and Understand understand the action and investment needs to realize our sustainable future. So two minutes So good afternoon ladies and gentlemen, how are you doing? Are you good? Yes, wonderful I'm going to illustrate through a project that ecla is implementing how we work with local and regional and national Governments and what a wonderful transition. We were talking about buildings now. We move to cities regions and countries So let's get started the urban leads project is aimed at urban low emission development So we're helping develop strategies action plans and implementation in eight target countries as well as a number of European cities And the aim is really to work in emerging economy countries and least developed countries to show that emission reduction Is an important component, but we do this in a different way We call this development, but with a low emission perspective from high to low to no emissions This project is kindly funded through the European Commission and we are extremely thankful for that support So that we practically take local governments by the hand and help them through a process The project is implemented by eclae six eclae offices as well as UN habitat So we have 68 cities that are working with us that are either learning or sharing or Guiding others in a number of countries Colombia Brazil South Africa Rwanda Bangladesh Indonesia Laos PDR as well as India and of course a number of European cities and the European cities We chose because they were leaders in one way or another Maybe they were really great at developing climate action plans or really great in the building sector So we chose them from different perspectives The way we work is through a process It's not rocket science, but it is very tricky to work with local governments When you lead them by the hand to go towards climate neutrality at the very latest by 2050 But this is what we do through our green climate cities program and of course, it's a logical iterative process and we focus on the Institutions on the processes on the way partners work together And essentially it's a basic simple process you analyze where you are what you have and what you do not have You act you move and then you accelerate and we're bringing that climate lens on top of this work Now we focus of course on local governments So they have their own governmental operations their own buildings their own fleets Things that they operate and manage That's the place to start because that's the place they can switch very fast and very easily But we also need to look at the whole community The whole city potentially the metropolitan city. This is very difficult because it needs people You are living in a city. It needs you to be engaged. It needs NGOs Businesses industries to be engaged. How do we get that? That is the big challenge So our focus is on people policy process and impact Now what does a local government do local government in your context you might call it a municipality or a district council a Local government operates a geographical territory and in that territory you've heard some examples of what they do They may be set building codes and building regulations They can make you make sure that all new buildings must be passive our standard or whatever It's their job to do that local through bylaws through regulations and quite often They do not have the power from the national government to act in the space of energy and climate a lot of the climate Work that they're busy with is voluntary and we are trying to change that to make sure that they are empowered By national government and that they work together Between all the levels of government to work better together and to coordinate to enable the local governments To do a proper analysis for that. They need data. They need to understand their greenhouse gas emissions in the whole community So they do a greenhouse gas emissions inventory. They need to understand the climate risks and vulnerabilities They do an assessment for that and this is very much sectoral, but a risk and vulnerability assessment can also be about ICT or your economic vulnerability So we're thinking very broad when we bring that climate lens into the particular activities Then they act and we help them to understand how to prioritize Actions how to pull them into a coherent climate action plan in an ideal way There should be looking at climate change mitigation as well as adaptation and resilience We call that an integrated climate action plan and to do that. It's just more. It's clever way of working Many actions, especially in the both sector Actually, if you look at them from a mitigation side reducing emissions they quite often are also about resilience So you think about things in a slightly broader and more holistic perspective This is also the space to work with people your citizens your NGOs your local experts and As you know, we work in many different countries We try and build capacity in that country that they can build the future buildings and the future Mobility systems that are sustainable and serve those communities Eventually, we wouldn't necessarily need international expertise. We really need to build stronger local sustainable expertise Reporting, of course, we want to know what they're doing. So we asked them to report their data Their action plans their targets and I will share with you a glimpse on some of the targets. We've collected which is really astounding From our side, we give capacity building support We bring in all the experts as needed and we share good practices But the cities like to learn from each other a mayor likes to speak to the mayor The technical people to the technical people and that is where we build bridges across boundaries actually internationally We look at many many topics the topics are identified by the local government, of course energy is always at the heart Buildings mobility water and waste. You've heard that mentioned already, but also ICT Technology looking at forestry and agriculture food production land use air quality There are so many topics that a local government can and should look at when they tackle climate change When they reduce emissions and when they plan for resilience We are working with you and habitat to make sure that there are principles that are embedded in these action plans Why do we need principles? These are guidelines which we ask every national and subnational government to put on the table in their design of their Climate activities be as ambitious as you can be as inclusive as you can be fair Make sure that the poor and the vulnerable are taken with you that they're not forgotten or lost in translation Be comprehensive and integrated Make sure your actions are relevant implementable actionable Make sure they're evidence-based. We need to make sure that we work on science-based approaches and we need to be Conspirant and verifiable We have many offers of solutions and support. This is actually an offer to you Do you want to work with us to put more solutions in our online solutions gateway? We're missing the building sector completely. So I hope we can work with the world green business buildings council on that We want solutions that are generic solutions for a local government to say yes I want to do something on buildings and let look at the portfolio of actions that they can implement We also look at financing because this is the gap where we've identified Action is not being implemented fast enough. So we're working with a number of partners on the transformative actions program Which is an implementation project pipeline where we enable access to finance Last but not least why are we doing this? We want to raise the level of ambition of the NDCs the nationally determined Contributions are not adequate in their current targets And when we look at this from a resilience perspective if we're not going to reach our globally set targets Which already looks unlikely at this stage? We need more resilience more adaptation much more investment So it makes sense to look at these actions and implement now and bring that subnational perspective into the thinking This is my message of hope It's a snapshot and it doesn't actually give you the comprehensive space But from the nearly 800 local and regional governments reporting Representing more than 800 million people around the world We've seen targets of climate neutrality carbon neutrality hundred percent renewables You name it. It's coming and that is the message of hope where we can help these local and regional governments that have committed Thank you very much So thank you, Marieke and I think the last speaker of the day Let me introduce Pamela Lucia Bravo Ortiz Deputy Secretary of Environmental Planning and Information the city of Lima from Peru She's an environmental engineer from the Federico Villa Real National University with a master degrees in degree in senior management and specialization in environmental impact assessment and environmental regulation with experience in the public and private sector Currently she works as deputy manager of environmental planning and information and also as deputy manager of natural resources with the Metropolitan Municipality of Lima where she leads the issues related to planning governance and formulation of environmental projects ecosystem protection and climate change Public services, water access, electricity access And well, it's very complicated for local governments like the Municipality of Lima and even more for the smaller local governments to manage these types of actions But there are also many opportunities in this We are divided territorially in 43 districts Which is Distractively complex also because there are 43 different ways to manage the city But the role precisely of the Municipality of the capital of the province is to articulate and manage with the other Alcaldes and the local municipalities to go all the way to the same objective No, to make a better Lima We have there the data of the surface, not of the population density We are a city, a country that has a coast with the Pacific Ocean And for a better organization Our, we divide Lima, these 43 districts, we group them in four sectors Lima South, Lima North, Lima Center and Lima East To package them a little so that they are no longer 43, but 4 And we form more communities So As a city, as a metropolitan municipality We are trying to position Lima as a city leader in the issue of the struggle against climate change And for this we have signed some agreements with different international networks Where the countries that have, or the cities that have the same interest As is, for example, C40 We have ratified our memorandum of understanding with this organization And we actively participate in the different networks and programs that form it Which is giving us a very, very important opportunity because we have access to experiences from other cities With similar contexts That are allowing us to learn and have new ideas for projects that could be better implemented And also, well, we have the designation of our mayor Jorge Muñoz As a member of the board of the GICOM Of the Pacto de Alcaldes for the Climate and Energy Which is also a very important advance because we are representing South America and Caribbean In this table And we also have this articulating role at the level of all the cities that form the Pacto For Lima it is very important to participate in this type of space Because we are interested in knowing the initiatives that have already been carried out here or in other cities in the world But also knowing what happened so that they come there What were their limitations? What were the good, bad, beautiful and ugly things that happened so that they can achieve those objectives? And that is also helping us to improve our management inside It is as I told you, we participated in the different networks and C40 programs And with the technical assessment of this organization We are developing the Climate Action Plan of the city Which is going to contemplate a series of actions to be able to contribute to the... Well, the redundancy, the nationally determined contributions Our country, Peru, is committed to reducing 30% of its emissions And for this we are developing this plan Which is going to implement all the actions that are already being developed But that today are not quantified nor are they being recorded As they contribute to this national commitment And this is a problem that happens in many local governments And it is a South American reality in general We carry out very good actions that do reduce emissions We have projects that are going to complement this That are going to try to join this effort to achieve the objective But today they are not quantified correctly So this is also going to help us to systematize the information We also participated, well, by the Pact of the Galdes por el Clima And the energy of the full information in different platforms One of them is the CDP to have the register Also of the information that we are gathering And these are some of the actions of which we could talk for many hours But I will quickly mention the implementation of cyclobies in the city We have a project with which we have the goal That in 2035 we are going to increase 1,000 km of cyclobies We are working on this with the help of the World Bank It is a project with the International Cooperation We have a project of pedestrianization That has already been carried out in the historic center of the city To precisely digest the central part of the capital Of all the traffic of the motor And we also have the special transport program Not motorized, which is like a dependency Like an independent management That sees everything that is sustainable and dedicates itself to its promotion We have other initiatives that add to the reduction of emissions Like the collection program of waste of electrical and electronic devices Who doesn't have cable chargers, cell phones that they don't use at home Or batteries, maybe This is a program for the neighbors to try to recover this type of waste Our program of segregation in the source Unfortunately at the city level We are still with a very low percentage of waste and recyclable organisms We go for 4% But we are working to increase the amount of waste that we are recovering And among other initiatives that we could be talking about Yesterday we had the great news that it has already formed Our first area of regional conservation of the city This implies that it is legally recognized The formation of the project of the Loma-Costera system of Lima The Loma-Costera are small mountains inside the city Where vegetation grows, they become totally green They are temporary, more or less from June to August So if you go to Lima, you have to visit the Loma-Costera of Lima Because now it will be a project of the Metropolitan Municipality Where we will be able to make public investment projects And now it is already recognized by the State With this we will be able to protect 5 sectors in 4 Lomas of the city And although there are 4 of the 19 that exist today That are recognized as fragile ecosystem For us it is a great step to have achieved this And that we can finally start investing As well as I tell you these things I think it is a general problem of the municipalities of South America Latin America and Caribbean The issue of financing, the issue of access to technical information That we have in the world We need much more communication of these topics To be able to have more access to all Because now the message in the COP is a lot Yes, the change is now, we need to do it now We will not have a second opportunity That is what we are trying to convey with all these COP events But what are we really doing to take this seriously And that we really know that it will be our last opportunity We do not need to know what we are here Because no one has to convince us If we are here it is because we believe in the issue We have to take this out We have to communicate, spread And there is also the part of the environmental education In the issue of climate change that we have to take advantage of Each of us are important actors of change So let's start at home The members of our house will go out more And so we will grow for all to put our grain Thank you Thank you so much We are the last panel of the day So we do as we want We have a lot of time Any questions for our panellists from the public? Not all together, just one? If you can use the municipal taxes For your financial programs For the development of cities Well, in Lima There is no tax for environmental projects In Peru in general The laws do not allow us to do that We only have the tax reduction of taxes For a tax that is given to the municipal arbitrator That is paid for the issue of solid waste And so on What we are working on as an initiative for evaluation Is the endorsement of this environmental tax To the services received That are delivered For example, in the electricity charge Or in the water storage service That is a topic that is in evaluation And on the urban part that you have reminded me of It is very important to comment That when cities develop our climate action plans We have to think that this has to engage completely With our urban development plans And with the package of rules that have to come with them If these two instruments do not convert We will not have achieved much, let's say So that is also important to say Of course Actually, there are a number of financial models That one can use Taxes is just one of them So Eclair has just released for the COP A finance toolkit Including a decision making tree So please take a look at that on our website And you click yes, no Based on where you are as a city It is aimed at the municipality And then it takes you to finance options And it includes your own financial mechanisms As a local government But there are many others that are actually also options Including public-private partnership approaches But with the green spaces quite often That is in the municipal government's budget To plan green spaces and to make sure That this is not just a cultural space But it also cools down the city center Typically you have overheating So you have water features, green space Which makes it nice for people to live in So that is part of standard urban planning activities normally But for many of these organizations They help us with basic development Basic technical studies that are very important Because a problem with municipalities Is the lack of information of the city That we have to be able to develop good initiatives But to be able to run projects in itself The difficulty that we have Is that these organizations that can invest Large amounts of money They need these funds to be big For example, the Cooperation of Endida de Fomento I don't know if it's true But I need your project to be 10 million for the top I mean, 10 million dollars 10 million dollars for the bottom I mean, it doesn't apply And as a local municipality That our reach is a little smaller Our projects go for 2 million, 3 million We don't reach 10 million So one of the suggestions That we are launching these organizations Is that we can package If we can't package with other municipalities To be able to do more interesting things And bigger If I can change a little bit The subject but still stay with the Municipal authorities I mean, in the European Union There is legislation that will require After 2021 that all the new buildings Are near zero energy consumption I mean, the latest statistics That I have access to in Spain Means that I think it's 2016 The statistics But they say that 46% Of the new houses that are being built In Spain are not thermally efficient So I mean, I don't know what Authorities to expect that it's going to happen Between 2016 and 2021 I don't know if there's going to be Some kind of miracle That all the architects are going to become Experts in designing I can tell you The technology to make a near zero Energy building does exist It is not revolutionary It is about insulation Ventilation I mean, it can be built Okay, so But either the architects are looking Or the promoters Or whatever are looking to the other sides And you know There is a little bit of an extra cost Maybe three, four percent And as the consumers We are not willing to pay this extra cost But something really is not working And sometimes we say We say something is going to happen The question is More what do we do I mean, I've been in conference Heidelberg A city in Germany The major has said very clearly No housing development In my village That has not a sustainability plan Which means zero energy Waste Recuperation Waste recycling Etc. So I don't know why Some people do And some others don't A question for everyone Really Claudio talked about The eight requirements Starting with advanced Building energy codes To what extent Is this something that national Governments need to do I mean, how much freedom Of action do cities really have If they want to revolutionise The The building's policy Yeah, I think that Some of that key action Should be taken at the national level For sure But other action Can be also taken at the local level So if we are speaking about For example District heating and cooling Is something that you can put in practice At municipality level Or if you are designing A new district in a city It's quite easy to implement Also, I have to mention The situation in the region We leave Lombardy They decided to anticipate The requirement Imposed by the European Union To have nearly zero energy building Not to 2020 But to 2016 So all the new buildings Builds in Lombardy region From 1st January of 2016 Are or should be Are expected to be nearly zero energy So also Locally it's possible to Implement some key action It's not necessary to Work at the national level Honestly, I think we have a lot of possibilities We don't Have excuses We cannot wait For a big decision From European Union From the central government Also, a measure of Municipality, as you mentioned Before can do something Practical Every day Another point is Taxes You have the new houses But you also have the houses in stock By any standard There are 30 years to go To 2050 So if you want to Make thermally efficient All the houses in stock 3% times 30 years that close to 100% The rate of renewal Of houses in Europe Buries per country from 0.4 To 1.5 So there are countries that On average we need to wait 100 years To get the existing stock Thermally efficient So it is very obvious that The governments will have to push To incentivize The renewal Of houses To get this Building a stock to be Thermally efficient Today they do exist I have spoken to several European Union The money does exist You need to be an athlete Or a doctorate in architecture To be able to fill all the papers And get a little bit of the money So I mean We lie to ourselves On that point The built environment is very fragmented The whole value chain So Right now I guess The thing is radical collaboration To get this done, it's not easy National governments do have a say We heard already There has to be a dialogue between The energy ministers And the housing ministers And a direction right It depends also on the governments Of their central, federal, etc The EU We have a lot of hope in the new Green Deal And this Is rolling along in terms of Very ambitious policy going forward Even about the policies called Levels About whole life cycle Environmental product declaration It's really ambitious It's going to be at the forefront Of course it may be slow But it doesn't matter That's why NGOs are here To collaborate radically In whatever we can share to get the job done Municipalities are key Because they get that inspiration And get things done And the private sector Is the one that's going to invest So my final thought is Don't forget the power of what's happening With responsible investment in the financial sector There are great pilots About energy efficiency mortgages Out there that are empowering Citizens to understand what they're buying I think people do care a lot What they buy and how much they pay I think they will care even more If they understand it's about the quality Of life that children and their families Have in their homes Recognizing that we still have To build and renovate a very high rate We can decarbonize We can do this And it doesn't mean that we're not And of course it's going to be delivering Value, it's about the just transition It's about all companies Getting their fair share of how they're going To move forward But there is a power of Local national governments getting A signal that this is coming And that is a vision Local governments acting through all these networks And this collaboration to get things done And all the other non-state actors Plus business understanding that There is something that we have To significantly shift In order to really get this sector That is very complicated Understandably Right because We are the first generation That is going to be more urban So that's going to continue And if we don't leap from the applications In the informal Africa In Latin America In East Asia The world can't handle a high carbon Urban environment Wow, that was amazing, thank you Just to add on I think we have an enforcement problem National governments can make All the legislation and regulations they wish But if they don't finance Enforcement which Normally is dealt with by the local governments This will not happen So it's sort of a combination Of what you've been saying I also think the insurance And reinsurance industry is part of this conversation Because they are seeing The devastation after floods And hurricanes and you name it And they need to invest And getting things rebuilt This is another complex factor But it's also an important factor To bring to the table the whole insurance industry To make sure that the conversation Is broader and more inclusive as well We have a lot of money To implement a sense of quality Of the air But it's been a process As I said To fill the formulations To see that all the information Is correct and so on And these formulations as local governments We fill them many times a year I don't know We try and we try Until a door opens And that's the idea But we don't have enough money So we have to try And in the construction Lima is working with Perú GBC With Francesca We are in some Some work with the management Of urban development With the IFC To develop it Because as local governments One of the things we can do Is have an ordinance that promotes Sustainable construction in the city With urban development With the construction But we don't have to lose sight Of the construction process It must be sustainable The building must be sustainable But we also have to think That's important And it's going to contribute But what happens if the people Who live in multifamily buildings Who live there Don't use that sustainable building So if they have a water treatment plant For the use of their own waste Etc And they don't know how to use it And the year will be out of service So that's a work of the municipality For example The issue of environmental education So that it's really effective You You know So Just want to ask Christina You were mentioning something very important About financing and unlocking financing For these investments And even here within Europe Where we are Far more advanced than in many other regions It's still very difficult to Get this financing because there's a very high We have to be risk this financing And there's like a sea of tools And it's very complicated here And I'm talking about Europe Where it's supposed to be leading these things So maybe my question is more about To Marike I don't know if that's within your Competence for ICLEI But is there some sort of plan To make this easy, this navigation So that not only municipalities But also private investors And homeowners Can go through this sea of tools And requisites more easily For financing and to risk it And make it possible Sorry The first part is There's a big job in getting Understanding among industry About standards That you can classify assets According to their climate risk If you like or their energy performance There's some great work being done With green bonds And I'm going to talk about The real estate company from Australia He's with ESG criteria There are many now People with all their portfolios Of real estate Disclosing performance Environmental social governance And accordingly Big real estate Decision maker And institutional investors are able To discriminate better what kind Of real estate portfolios they like And let's say with green premiums And brown premiums And so there's some discrimination there As we saw from the labeling From housing Many and even from Argentina There's now the labeling kind of like What we see in the fridges From A to G of energy efficiency And that's becoming more common in cities So ideally citizens will be able To understand the degree Of energy efficiency And rating tools have a job I just very quickly said There's 10 new rating tools Zero carbon tools Those are benchmarks that go To a local baseline And that's the key problem Baselines around countries are difficult So it's data transparency And how that disclosure is made For investors to understand How they're comparing this Acid here In this country with this one How do I compare what's the value Of the pricing of the financing We need to unlock at a greater scale It's not easy at all But it comes from both ways Disclosure from their owners Of the real estate through ESG And the other way around Regulators asking for Better benchmarking versus Baselines, municipalities understanding What are their consumptions And asking what is the performance they seek And rolling this out in a consistent way Where all the industry can understand Where their money should be Better invested going forward That it's climate proof And that we're building for purpose I think to add on to that If you zoom out a little bit Guarantees are being established By the European Commission Through the Global Erbis program Which identifies Urban actions and urban projects As well There we need national governments to step in More to give national guarantees For national projects Or city level projects To give confidence to the investors That their investment actually Is worthwhile Investor stability Is a major issue That national governments need to take responsibility for At a smaller level It's interesting to see Some of the cities that have successfully Piloted small subsidies For things like solar thermal systems Or for improved And Renovation for homes And using better materials and so on So I think it's a mix of things again And every actor That should be participating in this space Needs to better understand its role And its possibilities I think there needs to be more awareness Raising around what can be done Immediately, what can be done At the short term and what should Be done right now I think the urgency isn't necessarily How understood either Thank you So Last question And I ask for A quick answer From each Of my panelists And it is How is it possible in your opinion To change the mind of Architects of course But also of Investors of builder Of owners of inhabitants To reach And actually Sustainable architecture Starting from From a lot Where are The fragile ecosystems But what happens? The fragile ecosystems are designated After the mining concessions But Based on the dialogue And based on Conversations that can be managed With the company There have been some improvements And solutions I think it can be done by industry It can be done by mining It can be done in a good way And I think this is changing Little by little The investors are seeing The way to find the opportunity In these topics So little by little We will change it Thank you That's a tricky one It brings building It's the next points Building, water, energy ways All coming together in this space Of fun For me it links to multi-level governance It's not a logical leap for many people But for me in my work it is All levels of government have to Better work together And understand the challenges And co-design a work plan With immediate effect This is me the logical place The second maybe is Each of us you live in a place You work in a place Is your building sustainable Or not? It's now the time to start asking Thank you Yes I guess The first conference where I was faced with Who this topic was full of Passive designers and architects Right and I came with this language And they were really mad They were really mad because They thought they were doing a great job And that what are you talking We're not doing great buildings And the thing is that And I think the answers that we The problems we face are very complex So my answer would be Be open to diversity Understand place Understand climate Design for climate not only for Doing a building Design for people, for climate For diversity but also for The unforeseeable future Buildings will have to be resilient You have to design For unforeseeable consequences And heating You have to make sure that's Going to be net zero carbon In the future Thank you Let me put a comparison You remember Or how your father Used to buy Or your mother used to buy a car Used to go to To the car dealer and What's available Because otherwise you have to wait too long I mean right now You go into internet And you design which model you want Which color you want and then you click And they tell you maybe one week Or two weeks or something like that I mean a car is today a system A system by which Renault or Peugeot or whatever Seats with Michelin With Saint-Gobain With other companies And design a car that They have been able to bring it down To three, four liters per hundred kilometers I mean When my father bought a car was Fifteen, sixteen So this is something possible Today when you buy your house Is someone had a piece of land Called an architect Please build me a set of boxes For as many boxes as you can Then the constructor Will come and say oh you know Each one of those is very expensive I can do it for half the price Very thin windows Insulation boo who cares And at the very end the consumer comes And says I mean this is the house I mean I think the Answer to that is that we will need to Have a whole system That will work And in that system sustainability of the house Will be a factor And I think for that digitalization Is going to help us a lot For example today all the architects Are supposed to work with BIM Which means that the The actual owner can see The house how it's going to be built Can have an impact of how it is going to do So I really I really believe that Marketing digitalization Is going to bring a big plus To the way we live So I think that Beside what David told We have to do sensibilization In every possible manner So I do my best with My students of architecture So before they Start to design a real building I try to do also if I teach Building physics but the first to stop them Yeah the first two Lectures are about Climate change are about How we can Change the future energy demand Of the building by Our own activity Also when I Install the PV system on my House I try to show it to my friends To explain the benefit They can get so we have to Sensibilize and to be informed So we have a lot of possibility today We can download the Beautiful manual we wrote We can download a lot of publications Of reports containing information How to design a building How to use a building in a Brainy way in a fishing way How to drive in a fishing way A car so we must We have the possibility To get the proper knowledge To do this job Thank you Claudio So I can say that The best panel of the day is over Just kidding And we can Close the conference I think Thank you For being here with us And to be patient With me And my compliments Once again to the organization


So, can you open the presentation, because it would be easier for everyone to follow what I want to share with all of you this morning. So good morning, everyone. Welcome to this morning keynote, thanks to organizer, ITM network as well, Ikok Rieke, who invited me to be part of this ITM gathering. This morning keynote will focus on democratic cultural policy. So basically I will discuss the concerns, the limitation, the paradoxes, the consequences as well as responsibility of democratic forms within the cultural policy framework. What is basically a very complex issue, especially if we take into account that the culture as a word is one of two or three more complicated words in English language, what stress Raymond Williams already at the end of the 70s. On the other side we have democracy, proliferation of democratic forms which happen all around and at the end of the 90s detected in a literature 550 types of democracy. So this explosion of labelling of democratic forms show us that democracy as a political system can be appear in a variety of democratic practices and give us opportunity to analyze to explore what it exists and what are missing there. So I'm not an artist and I'm glad that you come to this keynote especially because this morning or this whole day will as I heard will detect somehow to the issue of advocacy. So I will basically talk about the cultural policy in a relation to democracy. I will use this mic. Does it work? No. Now it works. Okay. Now here I will need the help of some of your colleagues from ITM network with my presentation. So I will move a little bit around to pass with all of you through this lecture. So please next slide. What is important when we talk about the cultural policy to understand what the cultural policy is? So it exists when the agents of the political system intervene in the production distribution consumption of the cultural products, cultural services, cultural experiences. And the cultural policy basically express the relations between the political system on one side to the cultural resources. And this kind of the relationship can be normative, ideological, organizational, economical or any kind. But what is really important when we talk about the relations between the cultural policy and democracy is to understand four different dimensions. One of them is of course access and the participation. And I will basically focus most of this keynote on this area because the topic of this gathering is the audience. But other dimensions are also important when we want to explore cultural policy from the dimension of democratic forms. So to explore the scale of democracy within the cultural policy framework. One of them of this dimension is expression of democratic aims, ideas, principles, norms and so on, which basically appear in different documents, in different political decisions. So we can basically explore the scale of democracy in those documents. Another dimension is related to the institutional structure, to agents and their interests. So basically how the institutions are structured and which kind of the procedure they develop, is it a democratic or not, or in which level, which scale. A third dimension is as I said already access and the participation. And one of the crucial questions here is for whom do governments support arts and culture? The main assumption here is that everybody has the right to access to culture as a social good. And the fourth dimension is distribution of economic resources, which based on the ideas and the strategies are implemented through money. And the money is one of the possible indicator in many cases, the most concrete indicator of the public and the private investment. And here one of the question is which mechanism for distribution is the most democratic? So we can analyze the mechanism of the distribution if we want to see how democratic is or not. Please next slide. But so can you, yes please, to put everything, because otherwise it wouldn't function to ask you please next, next. Okay, thank you. So talking as I said, I will focus a little bit on access and the participation. Talking about the participation, we can all of us know that it has a long tradition. It appears in various different geopolitical contexts. And it's also a result of the changes in relation between the state and the citizens. And it's a result of the communication and the technology development. Participation basically today is not a static numeric concept at all. So we experience this shift to participation and live in that area. So it means that participation exists today in different area. It's not only in the political arena, then also in education, in media as well in arts and culture. So today participation became democratic imperative and somehow poison new opium for the people, poison for the people. So something happened here with my presentation. So I need the next slide, but if it's not possible, okay, we lose the time. So I will stay here. Okay. So this is the next slide. And please, it's not possible. Okay. So I will continue without my presentation. I will bring my laptop here so to help me. So maybe I can use now this mic, sorry, it's a technical problem. So I move to this mic and you can hear you. Great. So talking about the participation today, it's necessary to be aware of the fact of differences between the instrumentalization of the participation and the real participatory institutions. Distressed by many authors. So it means that each participation doesn't mean that it is emancipatory. Our political interest for politicians is much more easier to justify public spending on cultural projects if the project gather a larger number of people. In many cases, participation is not fulfilled. It's just used as a starting point as an inspirational moment, but basically it's not devoted enough time, enough resources, enough attention to something what is so complex and demanding as a citizen's engagement is. Then also in a majority of cases, the engagement of citizens doesn't make a real distribution of power and resources. So it means that the decision-making process is not open at all. And that we face some kinds of disbalance between scale of democracy and the scale of decision-making. Participatory instruments today dominantly focus on creation of the public formulation of the public opinion and are far less attentive to actual reform. So this is what basically we have. Talking about the cultural participation as a right, two main documents we have, at least as inspirational documents, one is a universal declaration of human rights and another one is a universal declaration on the cultural diversity. But to understand cultural participation today is also necessarily to see the difference between traditional understanding of the cultural participation and the contemporary approach or understanding interpretation of the cultural participation. So the traditional one, understand participation as a very passive, as attendance at the cultural events and the consumption of cultural contents, which is basically listening to concerts, reading books, watching movies, visiting museums and so on. On the other side, the contemporary understanding of the cultural participation, understand participation as an active, as a playing music, writing books, creating movies, curating exhibitions and so on and so on. And basically this contemporary understanding of participation tackled all elements of the cultural circle from the creation through production, distribution, till facilitation. At the higher level of the cultural participation represent the participatory approach, which means participation in decision making bodies and the process. Why it's important to explain this? Because the participation still understand in a different way depends on the context. So in many cases, and I met several people, researchers around Europe who told me that the participation for them is still very passive action and this is the reason why they decided to use some other terms, other notions such as engagement or inclusion when they want to express this necessity of the citizen's engagement in arts and culture. So basically when we, you can move to another slide, another, okay. So it's through this changing of understanding of participation, we basically face this shift from passive observer to being active creators. Moving next slide, looking at the cultural policy and the paradigm which tackle the issue or which established because of access and the participation with the aim of inclusion and participation. In the history development of the cultural policy, we can find two main paradigms. One is a cultural democratization and another one is a cultural democracy. The first cultural democratization which appear to provide access to cultural goods to the general public appear around 60s as a top-down approach, monocultural concept and with the elitist approach which established in the 19th century. And as a critique to this concept, to this paradigm of the cultural policy during the 70s, the cultural democracy appear as a bottom-up pluralistic concept which promote a cultural diversity, cultural rights, multiculturalism and community cultural values. So while cultural democratization focus on a high culture, cultural democracy focus on a popular culture. And basically the cultural democracy is the paradigm which recognize the creativity of each social group and also created the support for the creativity of each social group. So in that sense, it's a create equal opportunities for citizens to be culturally active on their own terms. In a difference, cultural democratization as the first paradigm which appear to provide the success to cultural goods recognize the role of experts as a very important role. And the experts are the one who decide and determine what are aesthetically superior forms of arts. The cultural democratization paradigm created the measures such as reduced admission prices, popularization in media, education and so on and so on. And the area of assessments in a cultural democratization paradigm are sold ticket numbers, social consumption of the audience and so on. On the other side, the cultural democracy created the measures through which support individual cultural expression, different kind of the subcultures. And the area of assessments in this paradigm is a degree of participation and degree of individual expressions. The world paradigm developed relations to equality, but the cultural democratization to equality of outcomes, results and the products, while the cultural democracy created the relations to equality of opportunities. So the concept of the cultural democracy, unfortunately the ideal of cultural democracy is not fulfilled. And this is the reason why many researchers, many cultural professionals criticize the concept of the cultural democracy as well, not only the democratization of culture. So this is the reason why it's really necessary to concern, to think about the main concerns of the cultural democracy in three areas. One of them is cultural policy, where we have a rhetoric limitation. So it means that in a cultural policy framework, we can find a plenty of different documents and the paper and different kind of the narratives which articulated the issue of participation and the cultural democracy and how important it is. But we face the lack of concrete policy instruments through which this kind of the concept and the rhetoric can be transferred to the practice. So we basically live in a time of restricted, elitist, hierarchical and centralized manner of cultural policy structures. And because of that, we faced also the difficulties to change practices of cultural policy as well as the institutions as a consequence of these changes. Another area which is necessary to think about is arts and culture, of course. So cultural democracy, in many cases, is criticized because of the cultural relativism. So the cultural relativism is referred to anti-hierarchical access to creativity, which basically means approach to arts without respect to arts as a hierarchical vertical selective process. The paradox of cultural development is this creation of a regulation of artistic production on the free market, which is increased. On the other side, or parallel to this, we have abolishment of elitist approach to artistic production and the cultural production as well. And also the aim of increasing the number of the participants. And as a consequence of all of that, we have that the consumption and the accessibility at the end depends on the financial capacity. And while the level of accountability are decreasing. So this is also bringing us to the very important issue to take into account when we discuss the cultural democracy is a public quality and the ownership of culture. Because one of the main assumption of the cultural democracy is understanding culture as a public good. But the question is how we can develop the cultural democracy in a context of the creative economy and privatization of the cultural fields where the needs to generate the benefits are increased over the aesthetic aspects. And when in a situation when aesthetic and artistic values are marginalized. The third area, which is also necessarily to critically understand or analyzed is of course participation. So basically the crucial question here is who participate? Do we have and create the organized party only for the elites or not? Who decide? It's also another question. So the question is basically does the gathering enough? What we have to do more to really create engagement and the participation? So this is bringing us to the question who defines defines the rule of the game. Because it's not only the question of being a part of the game then also to create the rules of that games. So this imperative of forms influence and created the relativism of the content. And this is also something what is very necessary to critically understand or analyze when we talk about the participation. As well as inequalities. Because participation appear also with the idea of you know to work with these inequalities. But since participation became mantra of neoliberalism and focus as I already said most or dominantly on the formulation of the public opinion but not to work on a real actual reform. It's also can be understand as the notion who legitimize inequalities. So all of that basically blurred the lines between the participation, instrumentalization and the populism which is necessary to be aware. So what kind of the participation legitimize democratic cultural policy? So maybe you can try to move to another few slides more. Please go further. One more. So stay here please. Thank you. So I suppose that many of you know this the letter of citizens participation made by Einstein at the end of the 60s but it's still resonated. Why? Because it show us the different possibility of participation or different level of participation from non participation to the higher level which is citizens power and the citizens control. So this is bring us to the topic to the concept of participatory governance. So what participatory governance does it mean? It's a sharing governance responsibility among different stakeholders basically between the public and the city civil sector and empowers citizens for decision making on a public issues. And it implies many different aspects solution. It's created solution for the erosion of democratic vitality, solution for political passivity, citizens shift from passive observers to being active decision maker. It's created also more comprehensive and updated concept of the citizens participation which is related of course to the centralization of power structures and decision process and the higher democratized model based on responsibility and common decision making. But all this kind of the decisions should be related to public problems and the public interest. But what talking about the participatory governance and talking about the creation of real participation or environment which could offer us this possibility, I think that it's also important to stress why it is important to support artistic autonomy within the democratic cultural policy framework. I think that today we live in a context of democratic deficit and lack of democracy in institutions, domination of economic growth and efficiency fails in contemporary public policy withdrawal of state from intervention in the public services such as the social health education and so on which basically created the neoliberalization of the public policy. We live in a society of inequality, commodification of cultural resources, issues of accessibility is all around rising nationalism, xenophobia, intolerance and the discourse of participation perpetuates existing power relations in a case if the decision making process is not open. So all these changes places plenty of demands for the cultural institutions and arts. So basically we live under the pressure as a cultural professionals and artists and many expect that the arts should fulfill the all gap which we have in our context. And this is the reason why I think that always is necessary to remind ourselves what intrinsic values in arts are and why they are important, which is resonate somehow to what Sergei yesterday talk about the crisis of valorization and the domination of this instrumental benefits and instrumental values. So intrinsic benefits are effects inherent in the arts experience itself. They are the starting point basically of any other benefits and values. Intrinsic benefits are not strictly private. It's also contributed to the public welfare. And what is really important to stress that intrinsic benefits are the principal reason why individual participate in the arts. So basically without intrinsic value we can't expect any other kind of the benefits. Intrinsic value could be immediate second or third. It could be related to the private area or the public area. It includes pleasure, captivation, stimulation, meaning, growth of individual capacity, cognitive growth, creation of social bonds, expression of common values and the community and so on. And it's really important to have this in mind when we think about the cultural policy framework and how we can change and improve in a sense or in a context of democracy. So what should the 21st century democratic culture policy looks like? If you move to a few slides, a little bit more, just I think it would be easier for you to follow my final thoughts. Next. Does it work? Next, please. Next. Okay. So I think that some aspect of the democratization of culture and cultural democracy should go hand in hand. But what democratic culture policy for 21st century could bring us is culture for everyone in which all stakeholders, not only institutions, but also individuals and groups will be involved, open, as I said earlier, decision making process, based the practices on a participatory approach, different co-production, co-creation and so on. Be similar for the professional and the amateur and make evaluation based not only on social quality than also as a static and artistic quality and be ready for the transformation of the institution. Because today, especially when we talk and when we look at the public cultural institutions, they are still maintaining and the work on some elitist approach which established in the 19th century. So basically we faced and come into contact with the cultural products based on this elitist taste and desires. So based on this kind of the concept, it's a possible to imagine transformation of the public institutions and I will suggest you how, how it's possible. So it's necessarily to develop everything based on the sharing of responsibility and sharing of the resources, different kind of the resources and based on the collaborative activities, of course, where the results would be similar important as a process. So all of that bring us to the idea of a new public culture because the participatory governance could be exist in different models. It could be hybrid institutions, for example, creation of the new institutions established by public and the civil sector, for example. It could be co-governance model, it could be joint management model, so different kind. But when we talk about the new public culture, which is a concept coined by creation sociologist Viren Katunaric in 2004, somehow also resonate to the concept of the participatory governance because the idea of the new public culture is to bring together into a common space of dialogue, culture production and expressiveness, different cultural stakeholders who have different kind of the interest and the motivation and also bring the heterogeneous public in the dialogue, in this togetherness of working on some issues. So the benefit of this new public culture concept could be on different level. More stakeholders, for example, improvement of dialogue and level of cooperation, rise of mutual trust, increase governance capacity, improve the ways of citizens participation in decision making process because it's not easy at all. It's a very complex, it's a really process and also affiliated citizens as well as experts in a new institutional format. For the society, what the benefits could be of this new public culture for the society? Invent and experiment with a range of new participatory mechanisms, creation of the new values, new interactions, new relations, new ways of engagement, promotion of coexistence, civic progress, engagement exchange and also potentially induce some positive changes and reshaping the society. And it could be also some tools for preserving public resources for the future generation. And in total, it could improve the social, economical, ecological aspects of the local environment. And the third area which we can also analyze the benefits of the new public culture is the cultural policy, of course, especially for the testing new model of governance, taking the role and the mandate of the public institution and culture, distribute public resources in a much more appropriate way, provide a wider access to different groups and the individuals as well, and also created a better condition for transparent realization of goals and achievements of results, which is a very important aspect in this context of deficit of democracy, which happened all around the world. It also can increase the scope of care for public needs and interest because different stakeholders come together, sit on the same table and discuss on the public interest, public goods. At the end, of course, improve the democratic process and also created the long-term and sustainable places of encounter of different expressions and interests. So in total, if we created this kind of the environment in which different stakeholders can take a responsibility and became or take the role of being active decision maker, I think that it's possible to create the new focal points, new meeting points, new kind of the platform of knowledge that can't address universality or claims universality then be in a constant reconsidering, renegotiating its own position and be or create the dynamic platform which always be ready for a change depends on the local context, but always also take or defends the artistic freedom and artistic expression. So I can't provide you any kind of the recipe how to do that. This is a different kind of the directions, but if it's necessary to bring something on the table, it should be a balance because I believe that any kind of the radical policy is exclusionary policy as well. Thank you very much for your attention. So I really hope that you were able to follow this lecture. I have one question there or comments. So if we have a time, can we get a mic? I see also there and there a lot of question. Hi everyone. This is Madiha. Hello. Thank you very much for the talk. It was very, very relevant to my work. I run a project called the cultural ecology project in United Kingdom. This is more of a comment than a question. First, well, I do have a question. Can we access your PowerPoint presentation somewhere because there was a lot of information that I can use in my practice and in my work for research. Also the cultural ecology project, just to add to what you said, I've met a lot of you here today and I've told you about it already, but I'm mainly based, I work in the South Asian art sector and I do agree with you when you said, you know, the statement, cultural participation is a right and I think we should all, as members of the arts community, make sure that rather than creating work and inviting people to come and see it, we need to create work with people and that will create a more sort of positive cultural ecology. That's all I wanted to say. I would really like to access your PowerPoint presentation, please. Yeah, ITM Natro Calrity has my PowerPoint presentation, so I really hope that they will be ready and happy to share with all of you. I don't have mine. I prepare for this occasion. So thank you, Daa, for sharing your vision and also offering us an overview. I want to share with you my fear and also ask you to save us a bit, if you can, please do. I think there is a systemic problem with democratic theories that value and focus on public, I think a bit too much, public spaces, public art, public culture and what I think is that over the last couple of decades, but even before, what we have lost is actually the battle for the intimate. And today the intimate is actually the space where the politics is the side, where vote is the side and so on. And if we look at the sphere of intimate, it is not theaters and schools and so on that are reigning there, but actually Google and Facebook and other consumerist practices but also in the intimate sphere, this is where the patriarchy and misogyny and all other forms of exploitative ideologies are actually ruling. So we have lost the battle for the intimate. My question is how can we as artists and as academics, as researchers, how can we regain some kind of access to the sphere of the intimate, to the lonely, to the bodily, to the corporeal, those that are not in the public? Because I think if we, whatever we do in the public sphere, it remains very far from the intimate spaces and this is where capitalism has actually found a new way to rule. So do you have any idea what it would mean to regain some kind of entrance to the intimate sphere? Thank you. Lauren, for your comments and a really difficult question which needs another half an hour at least to go deeper to this aspect. But I think that as a public manipulated, intimate space as well is manipulated. And one of the possible answers could be also through arts, but understanding arts through this intrinsic benefits which I mentioned earlier. Because arts doesn't happen only in the public space. It's happened in all of us basically as our expression and reaction to the arts content, different kind of the content. But how we as a community, artistic and the cultural community can work on that, I think in a combination of different approach. And as I said at the end, I don't believe in any radicalization. I really believe on the balancing between different kind of the approach. And this kind of understanding of our environment and how we can imagine better future, I utterly believe can bring us to less polarization in our society in which we basically live in a society in a total, but as well in arts and culture when we are constantly in different kind of the fighting between the sectors in the same disciplines, but as well between different actors and so on and so on. So this could be one of the possibility. I saw also there, yes, my name is Eirun. I have a question because when I, in the cultural policy documents in my country, we are very much emphasizing the sort of the idea of participation, you know, the sort of where we are now. And I see it very strongly and it's very strongly what the politicians are talking about and the field is talking about. But what I haven't really seen is that we are making any large changes when it comes to how money is distributed. Large amounts of the money are still going to the big sort of traditional institutions. So are we seeing, are there any signs of money really being transferred or any big changes in this anywhere? Yeah, I can, I'm an example basically, Croatia is an example in that sense, how I didn't basically introduce myself, I forgot, I don't care in many cases. I only said I'm not an artist, you know, but who am I basically. I'm a manager, I'm a researcher, I used to be journalist as well. I work also as an editor and somehow I'm a policymaker as well. I'm a director of Kulturnova Foundation. Kulturnova Foundation is a public institution established by the government of the Republic of Croatia. After the long years advocacy process led by the civil society organization in contemporary arts and culture in Croatia, which 15 years ago came out with the idea of establishing a separate foundation dedicated to their purposes and interests. And after years of advocacy, in that period of time, our current minister of Kulturn in Albanian Korzenek was a general secretary or state secretary, what is the name in Croatia and she recognized the importance of creating of this new arms lines bodies in Croatia. So after years, as I said in 2011, the Republic of Croatia adopted the specific law on Kulturnova Foundation. So what is our main purpose? To provide the grants professional and financial support to non-governmental, non-profit associations in contemporary arts and culture. So we are basically a creation example of the cultural democracy, how it's possible to create another democratic mechanism for providing financial support to different actors in the cultural arena as well. But also is a question and very much discuss in different context in the UK especially where we have this arms lines principle in the financing, but still domination of experts as a one who decided about the financing and the support for the cultural actors. So some of the critiques come also to this aspect in a sense of are you ready and are you able to open decision making process and to create the much more participatory grant making. So involve the peers at least so the people who basically work and be active in the cultural sector and who compete on some point for the some amount of the money and on the other side open decision making process as well for the citizens. So it could be you know some of the example around us and possibility. So thank you. I got to decide to cut myself. Thank you for your attention. One more.


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