Hello and welcome to NewsClick. For the last few days, violence in the state of Manipur has escalated between the various communities that live there. The immediate trigger for the violence is understood to be a ruling by a court which says the state government should consider the demand of the Metis, which is the dominant community in the state for scheduled tribe status. However, this is a demand which has been opposed by the Hill residents of the state of Manipur. While this is the immediate trigger, there is a long history of conflict and disagreements between the communities in Manipur to discuss what these are and also how to emerge out of the current spiral of violence and find longer lasting solutions for the conflicts. We will speak to Nandita Haqsar, who is a human rights lawyer and has extensively travelled in and written about the northeast, including Manipur. Nandita Haqsar, thank you for joining us on this discussion at NewsClick. You know, whenever there is violence, the question arises, why? Why are people so angry? Can you give us a sort of look into the background to what is happening in Manipur right now between the Metis, the cookies and other communities who live there? Well, I'm glad you asked that what is a background because however horrendous the violence and it has been horrendous and the attacks on cookies, both in Manipur and in Shillong and in Delhi by the Metis is something which obviously anyone would condemn. I believe actually most Metis also would condemn this because I don't think they'd support it. I don't think the anger of the cookies also, if you see the women, cookie women supporting or protecting Metis, so this anger is there, it's real and it's brutal. And yes, it has been condemned by everyone and yes, there are calls for peace by people like Mary Kom and others. But as you said, we should go behind this because this happens again and again and then the country forgets the volatile situation of Manipur. So let us look at it in its historical context. Manipur has from time to time been declared the most dangerous state in the country. It has a volatile situation. There have been a lot of clashes between Nagas and cookies, between Metis Hindus and Metis Muslims or Pangals, between Tamils and all various communities at various times. There is always some specific reason why a particular this kind of violence breaks out. But behind all these reasons, I think, are two. One is the issue of land. There is a tremendous pressure of land in Manipur, as in other parts of the country. This pressure of land has been interpreted in various ways. For instance, the Manipuri's demand for ST status, which seems very absurd to the tribals because they have always looked down on tribals. Now, why are they demanding it? Because they feel their land is being taken away for various reasons which we'll come to and they say they want to settle in the hills. But I don't think that really the issue is of the Metis, Nagas, cookies, Pangals, these people, all of them having, they can come to some kind of resolution. But why are they not able to? There are three, four reasons. Immediate reason as for the last February 21 and earlier also has been the situation in Myanmar. The situation in Myanmar after the army rule, hundreds and thousands of people are fleeing from the area. And in this time, this, after this coup, there are bombing. In fact, one bomb actually fell into Mizoram. So this influx of people, they are refugees. And India has decided that there are no refugees in or Indian government has decided through an executive order that there are no refugees in India. They're all illegal migrants. So these people are all, are on the borders. And the greatest pressure is on the cookie people because they're coming to Chura Chanpur. They're coming to More. And the cookies have had to bear the brunt of this influx because they are part of the same family of tribes. They have been very generous. They have raised money. The churches have accommodated these refugees, given them shelters, solace, protected them from illegal arrests. The whole burden has been on them. Why then does it seem as if it is the mate who are a little more upset than the cookies are? Why is it also a demand of the mate which has led to a cookie anger against them? Correct. So now the mate's feel that all these people who are coming in and some of them have come in are going to settle on their lands in the valleys and they will take away their land. Now, I don't know exactly the figures, but some figures that me quote for you is one of the allegations is that there are now, well, more than 966 new villages. So there are 308 new villages at Konkopi, 281 new villages in Chura Chanpur, 205 in Chandigarh. Now, what are these figures? These are illegal villages. These are non-recognized villages. These villages are asking to be recognized. Some of them, perhaps a majority of them are of these influx of the chins coming in to India. And if they are in villages, that means they're permanent settlers. So the question is how do we deal with this huge humanitarian crisis? And if the government says we have nothing to do with them, they're illegal migrants and wash their hands off. Then the crisis is more. Some of them wanted to come to Delhi to get UNHCR support or to get their own people. The chins are here in Vikaspuri and other places. They were arrested because they don't have cards and they can't even get other cards. So I'm not sure of the figures today, but there are 200, 300 people arrested and they're in jails. There was a situation in which some of these people, I know of four, two at least were women who died in the jail of COVID and the court in given order to let them go to the hospital. So this tremendous pressure on land coming. Plus there are other long-term factors such as climate change. These are all factors which are going to put pressure on land and urbanization. Is it correct that these villages are coming up mostly in the areas where the Métis do not live in large numbers? Yes, as I said, 308 new villages in Kankopi, 281 in Churachampur, 205, all of them are in tribal areas. So this is, it's a very complex issue of land. And I think that somewhere, one second reason, I said two reasons, one is land issue. Let me relate one more issue which added to the anger of the cookies was this growth of poppy cultivation. Now this growth of poppy cultivation means that Manipur, which used to be a place for trafficking of drugs, is now becoming a hub for production of drugs. Which is a very significant shift from how it was before. Absolutely. And at least some figures that I've got is that between 2017 and 2021, 14,305 acres of illicit poppy was destroyed by the police. 14,000 plus acres. Yeah. So it is huge. Yes. Behind this, I'm told by a source who is an intelligence that there is some intelligence agencies behind who they are, what they are, has not come out and it's a matter of investigation. And to be told that what, why this sudden growth of poppy cultivation. And if you suddenly evict people or destroy it, you're destroying their means of livelihood at the very moment when there's pressure from the migrants or the people fleeing from this brutal army rule and coming into India. Now Mizoram has managed to deal with it. That's right. And if Mizoram can deal with it, they have got dormitories, very basic dormitories made of bamboo and giving basic food. At least they've done that. So Manipur should be able to deal with this. The influx of this people. And I do not think that we want to call army in and call for national register of citizens and do all those things which lead to vast human rights violations and misery, but we do need to give identity card to these people and have a way of dealing with them in a humanitarian manner. So this I think would be the solution rather than blaming them, putting all this pressure on the cookies and instigating these, this violence, which for the first time there has been ethnic violence, but first time it is now looking into a more and more religious violence. Yes, you said that earlier. Is it looking at religious violence because the media in Delhi reports on it in that? No, because there have been attacks on the churches and this is a direct result of a BJP policy because I'm not saying I do not wish to say that this nothing would have happened in Congress. Congress also did nothing. But with BJP's intense Hinduization program or emphasis on Hindu extremism or Hindu nationalism, they are looking upon and anti-Christian attacks in other parts as well. So churches have been burned. Yes. And so every variety of identity politics, for instance also between Catholics and Baptist churches, there is the Muslims versus Hindu, there is Christian versus Métis, every variety of identity politics is tearing the fabric of Manipur apart. Therefore, the calls to peace is one thing. Maybe everyone will stop killing each other, but the hatred, the suspicion and the bad blood and the problems will remain. So what is the solution? And I don't know that the solution, but I would like to say that this identity politics must stop. The Métis seem to have identified scheduled tribe status as the answer to many of their problems. Is that going to feed into identity politics conflicts? Yes, of course, because it is first of all, it's really sad. I look at it as sad because the Métis were very proud of the fact that they are not tribers, that they are old ancient civilization, which they are, they have a written script, they have poetry, they have an old religion. And suddenly, this is their demand that they want to be tribal status. And why? Because they think that they will get land in the tribal areas. But in fact, what will happen is when everyone has tribal status and nobody will have it, the land will not be protected. And what will happen is who will take the land? Not neither the Nagas, nor the cookies, nor the Métis, but some multinational companies. For instance, in Kashmir, with all these other problems, let's just look at it, who got the contract for land for shopping malls was the Emirates. So the people of northeast, all of them, Naga, Cookie, Métis, Pangal, and anyone else living there will lose. They are already losing their land. So this is not a solution. The only solution for people of Manipur and all, including Marwais, they have been living there for years and years. Everyone must come together, stop an identity politics, and at least talk in terms of Manipur. If we like Manipur, if we love Manipur, then there must be a way of solving this problem. You mean socioeconomically rather than… No, politically, because politically we have to come together. Socially economically, yes, we maybe belong to a tribe, we have some allegiances, we social economic connections. But politically there must be a politics which unites people. Identity politics has been dividing continuously, becoming worse and worse. And this will not stop. And it dehumanizes because it makes everyone else the other. For Métis, Cookies and Nagas are the other, for the Nagas, Cookies are the other, for the Pangas, everyone is the other. So you have a situation which is volatile and it's on the border. So we have Burma border, we have China nearby, we have Bangladesh. It is not a situation which is good for our country. And in India, neither the media nor people nor MPs, political parties are engaged with these issues or informed about these issues. Are you seeing the kind of response, even for the sort of statements you get, let's have peace, are you seeing enough of that come from the ruling party? Well, let's forget ruling party just now because I don't have a brief for any of these parties because I don't think they really react. But I do see one and I don't want to name on this program but one of the top media people, a specialist in Northeast, got all the facts wrong. He thought Cookies are attacking Métis and he went on national media. There are others who are saying this. Yes, but that particular person I was saying is a very senior journalist. So if you don't even get the facts right and you misinform the Indian public, and as it is, it's a very complex issue, then if we are talking about India and I am talking about India, it's always about India, then this identity politics is a virus which is going to go all over. It's not going to be and it's linked to a government which is promoting a certain identity for the country. So this is not good for the future of India. Are you trying to warn or caution that the identities which I had played today in Manipur might actually include more into this sort of violence and sides will be taken? Of course. And then it will become Christian issue, then it will become Muslim issue, it will become Hindu issue, then it will be over the identities that spill over Manipur. So instead of containing it and having a Manipur politics, a political solution. But I would like to say one other thing. All this violence plus the identity politics is exasperated by the fact that every community has an armed group supporting its demands, every community, and not one. So the Nagas have NECN, but they also have other Naga armed groups, local armed groups also. Cookies have many, many groups. Metes have, so everyone and they're very courageous people, all of them. So this kind of violence and these political armed groups have no politics left. They do not have politics except very narrow identity politics. And it is also true that they are the only ones who can protect their own people because in this kind of situation they did come in and they did protect the cookies. But where is it going? For whom is it going? And that's why someone has to stop it and someone has to appear from Manipur itself with a political vision. What would the contours of such a political vision be? How would we distinguish it from an economic vision, a vision that gets jobs, a vision that makes land the issue like. But all these issues would be from politics because if you want a vision of this state then we have to say okay now Manipur and it's true that they have to acknowledge the fact that the tribals of Manipur have been deprived of their share of development. Tribal funds have been used by Metes and they are very good figures which I don't think in this program we can go, but I have the figures which were given in fact by Congress MP in the Legislative Assembly and for that he gave these figures about the disparity between the tribals and the Metes. So these things have to be acknowledged. What do you mean by being acknowledged? Acknowledged by the communities because when for instance for me I would like to say at this point I'm an Indian. It took a long time for me to feel you know at home with the Nagas always saying Nagas in Indians we are not you know we are not Indian. It used to really upset me and it took a long time for me to see that our army is actually attacking Nagas and it was not very easy to take up a case in the Supreme Court representing Nagas against Indians. But I had to acknowledge it because if we are wrong we are wrong and whoever is wrong has to acknowledge it. So it is now maybe it is like a truth and reconciliation situation maybe because there's a lot of Christians maybe we can have a truth and reconciliation commission. But I don't know the people in Manipur will have to decide because nobody else is going to. Nobody else has the vision nobody else has the interest. So you mean that politics should facilitate communities to actually talk to each other. Yes. Rather than look at a court order here or an executive order there to sort out the problem. And you do not think that the deployment of armed forces of any nature would be a permanent solution or a long lasting solution. Of course not. We fought I'm one of the people we fought very hard for to get rid of their armed rifles. So did the people of Manipur fight. So did the Maitais fight. And it has been a long time since they had sort of shoot at side orders. Yes. Yes. So we have now who has lost the shooter side orders were there in under armed forces special powers act. Assam rifles was removed from the center. It had become now we are calling for the army back. We are calling for center to interfere. The center has never done anything. They're not going to find a solution. It is the people of Manipur. All of the communities have to come together. Not only talk about peace but hard issues. And they have to have space. And in Manipur if anyone talks or criticizes they are shot. They have fear of being killed. And I have faced it myself. There was some at some other point at some other point of history when I spoke on the issues. You know my Fiji was burnt. So these are issues which I do care. I really do care about my country of course. But I care about Manipur. And I think that all of them are rational enough to sit together and maybe a truth and you know like they had in South Africa maybe some kind of commission where they can face all this because it's long run history of mutual suspicions and historical conflicts. Do you think that the governments at the center of the state are really in a position to be able to mediate such an arrangement? No. Never. Because not with the BJP government which has been responsible for some of this. Never has this Hindu-Christian come up. The churches are being burnt. And why? Because there's a kind of a kind of an atmosphere in which such things can be done. You mean the violence? The violence or the burning of churches. All right. Thank you very much for joining us. And thank you very much for watching NewsClick. Do keep watching more of our shows and follow us on our social media.


When I first started in business, what would happen is that Byron Ween, the great legendary Byron Ween, would have a couple people over like us. And what he would say is, okay, I need you in two minutes to give me where you are and then give me your best idea. And then we would kick things around. But that's how we would start, Sarge. Two minutes and best idea. Oh, geez. Yeah. Well, come on. We got a red hot market. We don't have time for, oh, geez. Well, we're coming in along the banks. We've been along the banks all along. I know you have. Fantastic. And I've been beating that drum. But as we get into this tax cut era, all right, we're probably going to see higher earnings. And earnings have already been on a roll for four to six months now. So as we project higher earnings based on the tax cut, we don't really know about the value added tax or the border adjustment yet. But as we get there, we're probably going to want to steer towards still the financials because we still think we're going to get the three-rate highings, but smaller cap financials, firms that haven't been, that have maybe pay a higher effective tax rate than they should. Okay. So they're going to see a greater benefit from the tax cut. And we want those firms to be domestic in nature. So we would want... Oh, well, you're going to look at the Bank of the Ozarks, and you're going to look at Key Bank, which I'm already long. Well, you know, I think Beth Mooney's a fabulous manager, so we will kick that around. That stock is so far behind the market, if you look long term. People say it's moved up so much that's ridiculous.


just being able to play throughout the whole year is pretty much it I've really lost too much playing time and I mean it's starting to really show did you think you were capable of being more of a homerun hitter I mean just more opportunities that's pretty much all it comes down to for me and I mean of course I knew the power was there but now starting to show Rick Purcello on the mound for the Red Sox today what makes him tough location it's gonna be big so if he's missing location we're gonna be able to do some damage and Hicks will bat cleanup tonight he's moved around quite a bit in that order but he said his approach does not change it's always go up there with a plan remain patient and don't expand the zone he's drawn one walk in 10 consecutive starts that's the second longest streak in the majors this season


There are people so thoroughly conventional and so eminently proper that one feels nothing unusual could ever happen to them. And yet, such people appear again and again in the Chronicles of the Incredible. Consider, for example, the strange experience of Miss Beheadable Scott on the road from St. Boswells. It had been Miss Scott's custom to spend one afternoon each week in the company of a sister. Since the two elderly spinsters lived in neighboring towns, they had decided that it was only fair that they should meet halfway on the road that ran between. And so, on the afternoon of the 7th of May, 1893, Miss Beheadable Scott left her home in St. Boswells, Rockfordshire, and set out to keep her appointment. But she had scarcely reached the outskirts of the town when she heard the church clock announcing the hour. Oh, good heavens! It's four o'clock. I'm late. I've never been late before. I know what I'll do. It's not ladylike, and I've never done it before, but I'm going to do it anyway. I'm going to run. With rapid mincing steps, she's spread along the roads. For several moments she ran, and then suddenly she stops. Oh, fuck! There's a gentleman up ahead there. Dear me, where did he come from?  I can't run. I passed him. That would be too undignified. Five minutes later, the gentleman ahead turned a slight bend in the road. He was still visible, however, at least the upper part of his body was above a low hedge. And Beheadable, having an opportunity now to observe his face, was watching him quite closely when... He's still me. He's disappeared. One moment the clergyman had been quite visible. The next, he was gone. Beheadable blinked several times in wonder and disbelief. There were no trees there behind which a man might hide. There were no side roads. There was only the hedge, which could not possibly conceal anyone. The hedge and open country as far as the eye could reach. And there were no signs of the clergyman. But Beheadable Scott refused to accept the evidence of her senses. She decided she knew the explanation. It serves me right for running. I should have known better. Running overheats the plane, and an overheated brain can play all sorts of things. There wasn't any clergyman at all. A few yards beyond the bend in the road, Beheadable's sister waited at the usual meeting place. Beheadable approached her with effusive apology. Oh, you poor dear. I'm so dreadfully sorry. Why? I'm at least 15 minutes late. Oh, oh yes, there you are. I've had something else in my mind, Beheadable. It was the strangest thing that ever happened to me. Or twice, dear. A man.  He came around that bend in the road just a few minutes ago. Yes. I saw him distinctly. And then, I know you won't believe this, Beheadable. Then he disappeared before my very eyes. Men who have the power to make themselves invisible have always belonged in the province of the writer of fantastic fiction. But perhaps, had this story been allowed to gain wider currency, we might have been forced long ago to revise our opinions. Or if no one can make himself invisible, then how shall we explain the experience of Ms. Beheadable's god and her sister? An experience incredible, but true.


percentage of CNT such that in the slide it can be seen that some reactions only produce about 17 pure torsion of fog over the reaction, generally they look at how much is the reactants getting decreased and how much are the products getting fogged and and as this process happens with time whether it is half slope or reactions is much more detailed but we are just trying to understand the cons of the evaporation. Let's look at some equivalents for example you know the water is going to change to gaseous water changes with time then we say that the rate of reaction is very low but basically clear water and gaseous water are in less gaseous producing liquid this is this is one type of equilibrium the other type of equilibrium for gas which generally associates into twice of an order so when end forming an order and settles down we call it as how this concept really looks like for example you know let's say we had a cookie store and in a cookie store we found that going forward the production or addition is the rate of addition of cookies to the store so as the chain keeps on eating cookies we have to add more cookies right then someone else comes up and he has some more of them support and so on and so forth we keep on adding for our store so that the this is called as equilibrium so if we had decided that you're going to have a preside upon it it is getting consumed so will we have leads us to understanding of how separation of is same that the rate of sale of cookies but there's small expression you know when we have so how does this brown come out so n2o4 breaks down into molecules which is what gives it the brown color so let's look at the beginning of this some molecules of n2o4 and you can you can find that realize that the screen is there so the n2o4 is less and the brown one are the starts getting established you will find that the white molecules are formed their concentration under which no matter how much time you wait the color does not really you know change so that's the position where we say that they have done in such a fashion that you know we don't have any distinct happenings understand what what do we mean by law of mass action okay so what law of mass action basically means is that the rate of reaction is proportional to the product of the active masses of these reactants so what is an active mass generally active mass is the substance that actually is participating in the reaction but in our situation active mass most of the times we will take as the molar concentration you know raise to power of that number of species let's look at some examples so for example in the in the example a giving p plus q it is proportional to k1 into a to the power of 1 okay because we only have one as the coefficient of a but on the other side we give the rate that is k2 into a into b okay so depending on the different reactions you will find that the rate actually depends on you know you know it was the product in 2a plus b you will find that the you know the the component of a is basically raised to the power of 2 because we have 2t going forward right so 2a plus b is what gives us the rate of reaction so coming back to understanding what is active masses active masses is nothing but your molar number of species in our situation the molar concentration is actually you know so when we write square bracket of a it essentially means the molar concentration of a going forward okay so that is the way that point which is the rate of reaction where n204 is equal to equilibrium happen okay so the rate of forward reaction becomes equal to the rate of reverse reaction which when equilibrium is achieved okay as the formation so how leads to formation of the molecules of n204 okay n204 formation is what shows that it is pretty dynamic which means that the forward reaction is actually equal to the backward reaction both of them are happening simultaneously forward reaction going going up can be written by a small half arrow so this shows us the backward reaction right now the idea of writing half arrows is to show that both of the reactions are happening simultaneously so half arrows actually mean that the reactions can be going in each of these directions but at the same time the second reaction also has to be you know accommodated in the process now come back to equilibrium concept one more time is that you know a decreases to a constant while the concentration of b which is the product increases from zero to a constant give a constant concentrations which will be concentration of n204 is actually decreasing with time concentration has come up from a large one to a lower one but as as you really find n204 also keeps on increasing and at both block of slightly grayish color that you can see here is there the concentration of both n204 are stable okay so from this point onward with n204 you'll have the concentrations of n204 much much larger than the concentrations of n202 so this is the point where n204 is starts becoming constant after a certain point of time but you'll realize that the concentration of n204 also has increased so you'll realize that their concentration decreases while the other one's concentration is definitely going to increase and depending on whether they are further than equally beyond equilibrium then the backward reaction will dominate if they are before equilibrium then the function is going to dominate equilibrium have any concentration of of so if you really see this the equilibrium constants achieved are 0.204 equilibrium concentration achieved of n204 is 0.0898 now if you really look at n o2 by n204 less n o2 square by n204 turns out to be 4.63 so this basically is showing us how the equilibrium actually the value of n o2 square divided by n204 experimentally all of them are more or less the same what basically is changing is the concentrations of n o2 and n204 and the equilibrium constant concentrations again are different because you started with different substances and keeping the you know the entire divided by n204 actually makes the number to be constant right so this is constant now how do you really write an equilibrium constant no matter where do you start from the final expression in equilibrium constant is seems to be the same so for example you know for any general reaction a a plus v b giving p p plus q q where a small a small b small p and small q are the coefficients and capital a capital b capital p and capital q are the concentrations of these are the concentrations the concentrations at equilibrium okay these are not the concentration where you started or where at at any point in the in the entire system these are concentrations at at equilibrium so once the concentrations are you know which are at equilibrium you'll realize that the expression p to the power p and q to the power q divided by a to the power a divided by b to the power b this remains constant you know and this is constant for a certain temperature so it remains constant for the temperature and drink no irrespective of where do you start in this reaction now let's look at n204 giving twice of NO2 okay now for this expression our equilibrium constant is NO2 square divided by n204 concentration okay now can the value of this it turns out to be experimentally equal to 4.63 into 10 to the power minus 3 a plus bb cc plus dd you know this expression is what we call as law of mass action as well as we have seen in the earlier situations we are talking only about the rate of reactions here we are actually talking about the equilibrium where rate of forward reaction rate of backward reaction both are being considered okay now in the great constant and one then we'll realize that the reaction is almost proceeded to the product and therefore the equilibrium will be will lie more towards the right hand side when we say right hand side the flux is going to be much much larger than the concentration of the reactants whereas if you you know it has pivoted the products but if the rate constant is much less than one then we'll realize that this equilibrium is going to lie much to the left and therefore it would have favored the reactants more than the products okay so these are the different ways that you can you know really work out with this right there are sometimes homogeneous equilibrium now equilibrium are different types okay the large two types are homogeneous and heterogeneous in homogeneous equilibrium we basically find that the the phase of the reactants and the products both are absolutely the same okay so you have n204 gaseous giving twice of n204 gaseous okay going to be the same you know in the gaseous form now if we write an expression for them the constant definitely be written as n02 squared divided by n204 but there is a different type of expression that we can also write in terms of their pressures where we can simply write the pressure part pressure of n02 squared divided by the pressure of n204 if you really see the you know and this is also one of the questions that that we had in our exam coming up so if we if you really see that that the pressure kp kp basically means is that the equilibrium constant in terms of in terms of it may not be equal to kc of course because in terms of pressure so their values have to be different but both of them can actually help you understand equilibrium in much better fashion right now you will also realize that they can both be related to each other in terms of kp being equal to kc into rt to delta n how basically happens is you know if i if i may have to you know that pv is equal to nrt and in this you know if we divide n by v this is nothing but it turns out to be our concentration so p into n by v into rt is nothing but crt right so when we absorb concentrations of p you are there maybe concentration of p and concentration of q whatever it is you can also write this in terms of partial pressures of p but if you have to do that then this p has to be written rt okay so this is p by rt and we can write cb also as pb by rt and write cp as pp by rt and so on so forth right similarly the last one is pq by rt now you will realize that you end up doing an expression which is p a into pb divided by p p in rt into power delta n this delta n is basically the difference between the moles of the product will be at the top and reactants will be at the bottom so it is the products minus the reactants that will survive of rt right and this can basically be taken minus reactants and this is basically taken in our you know slide here where we write this as rt is equal to you know rt into the power delta n where delta n is moles of gaseous products and minus moles of gaseous reactants okay v minus a plus b now in homogeneous reactions cs3coh plus h2o we will find that you know h2o is a huge so this was our original reaction let's call it as casey dash this reaction is not very visible because h2o is a huge constant you know the concentration of h2o is much much larger than any other concentration so you'll find that the casey turns out to be cs3coo minus into h plus divided by cc0oh so here is a quick rule that we should actually remember of course the general practice that we do not take up any units in the equilibrium constant the units are summarily excluded although equilibrium constants do have units for example in this scenario the unit of equilibrium constant is moles per liter why because the concentrations would be in moles per liter into moles per liter divided by moles per liter we actually taken out so therefore casey will end up having only moles per liter in this scenario now the equilibrium expression of how do we write equilibrium expression for some reactions for example here in n2 gaseous plus 3h2 gaseous twice of nh3 the equilibrium constant can be written as ns3 square divided by n2 into you know h2 square okay no problem you know to understand this in much more depth the equilibrium concentrations for the reaction between carbon monoxide and molecular chlorine to form COCl2 at 74 degrees Celsius are CO giving 0.01 to moles chlorine is 0.05 for moles and CO and 1.04 moles calculate the equilibrium constants casey and kp right now we have been given all the concentrations of COCl2 the first thing that we need to write it is the chemical equation and it is very important to write the chemical equation in a balanced format because only in the balanced format will you realize that what are the coefficients that are necessary to you know have this reaction happening now you'll find that casey can be written as COCl2 divided by CO into Cl2 now if we add the reactions you know concentrations at equilibrium which is nothing but 220 right now in the same thing if we write kp you know then we'll have to take up all the gaseous products and we'll have to write delta n as well if you can see delta in here is nothing but 1-2 because we have only one mole of gaseous products whereas we have two moles of gaseous reactants so you know is the delta n that we have and therefore we'll end up getting delta n as minus 1 so you'll realize that the relationship between kp and kc of course we'll write t value but the relationship between kp and kc is rt to the power minus 2 turns out to be 7.7 you see kp is 220 but kp turns out to be 7.7 you know at the end of the you know calculations let's look at one more example the same you know NO2 example but this time NO2 is actually decomposing to give gaseous oxygen now what is the equilibrium pressure of oxygen is what is being asked if this and pressure of NO is this right then you'll realize that the kp that we can write is pressure of NO2 square into pressure of O2 divided by pressure of NO2 square right look at this this expression you'll find that the pressure of oxygen is nothing but kp into pressure of NO2 divided by the pressure of O2 if we if we know oxygen pressure of oxygen 158 pressure of definitely given to a relatively pressure of you know NO is even substituting the values we end up getting pressure of O2 as 340 atmosphere so expression 2 to be really deal with you know equation in different phases so you'll see that let's let's take one example CO3 giving CO plus CO2 in this expression you will find that not in the gaseous form in the solid form whereas one is in the gaseous form so you realize that the one that is in the gaseous form you know acts creating a different concentration you know these are pretty low whereas the concentrations of solids and liquids are pretty high so if we write the expression of equilibrium here we will get CO2 into CO plus CO3 but CO3 and CO are very high in concentration so generally we would neglect their change with time and therefore we'll take them as constant and therefore we own concentration of CO2 which is Kc dash into CO3 into CO now given like p the kp value will simply be the pressure of CO2 that is there in this you know equation still included in the expression for the equilibrium constant okay now this can also be looked at in in the in the graphical format if you really see CO3 giving CO plus CO2 you realize that CO3 and CO are being solids in the entire equilibrium would not really matter right so the pressures of only CO3 and CO are what is going to matter and you'll find that these pressures you know is it will change with time so what we can simply it is pCO2 being constant very quickly achieved because concentrations of CO3 and CO are pretty even think of the concentrations of CO3 or CO expression so the thing that we do is we write concentrations of reacting species in the condensed phase you know almost do not appear in the concentrations of the substances expressions per se and and therefore you'll find that expression is not something that we really when we quote value for equilibrium constant you know you we must definitely specify the balance equation and the temperature because equilibrium constant is for a particular equation if you change the equation the equilibrium constant is going to change similarly if you change the temperature then also the equilibrium constant changes the last is that if the reaction is expressed as the sum of two or more reactions then the equilibrium constant for the entire that is basically a product of the equilibrium constant concentrations called as the IC method in this we firstly it's a trick of the species one species has changed what will be the different changes in other species and after that at equilibrium when we find the concentrations we find out how much of it was really changing in the entire time for example if you have Br2 giving twice of Br you know we would have the equilibrium constant for this reaction let's say is 1.1 into 10 to the power minus 3 and the initial constant taken is 0.06 that we had taken initially now let's see how do we really solve for this question okay so you'll find that let's actually the change in the concentration of Br2 this Br2 will come up to become twice of Br the concentration was 0.63 and 0.02 so this is called as the I in the IC method the change let's say one Br2 decomposes then twice of Br is formed right so whatever is the decomposition that happened you know twice of that will be Br because per mole of Br2 decomposition twice of Br is getting formed now in that scenario 0.63 minus x while the Br form will be 0.012 plus twice of x now I think is where we write the initial the change and the equilibrium one below the other and you'll find that you know KC would work out to be you know 0.012 which is theorem concentration square you're about 0.063 minus x that is 1.1 into 10 to the power minus 3 okay this is actually a quadratic expression but that's okay you know you can always use the root of quadratic expression as minus v plus or minus root of v square minus 4 c upon twice a now with that you'll end up getting x is equal x two solutions for x which is minus and plus now 0.0105 and this thing now obviously x is minus it implies that forward but the reaction actually went backward and therefore at equilibrium you'll find that the bromine is actually you know minus 0.09 molars is what and so what means is that that cannot be really negative you know so the only factor that we can have is 0.00844 mm is what the solution could be right so you'll have to take the second value of x and you will realize that you know since the concentration of bromine was getting to minus we cannot take 0.010 the value of x but we'll have to take 0.00178 as the value of x and find the concentration of bromine once we have found the concentration of bromine you can be similarly found out by putting the value of x and in fact we know that you know the reaction went backward to actually form more of br2 than twice of br so that is the i c ratio similarly you know for one more such expression again twice of hi giving h2 plus i2 the expression for you know k equivalent for this reaction would be taking i2 product divided by the hs square where we will have minus 2x giving plus x and plus x because initially we only started with hi this is 2.42 minus twice of x and xx at equilibrium so therefore our key equilibrium will be pressures of x2 divided by 0.242 minus twice of x the whole square to give you an expression of 12 divided by you know 0.242 minus twice of x whole square now actually equal to the equilibrium constant that we have which is 1.26 into 10 to the power minus 3 so you'll realize that here we were asked for the equilibrium concentration of hydrogen which is this x so we just need to solve for x and we will get the answer for it also a bit of rearrangement actually really does help and you will find that you know some mathematical tricks can be used here for example we can you know we can solve this expression by actually neglecting a few values taking out all the 10 to the power minus 3 so you multiply the entire expression by 1000 you'll realize that you will end up getting 0.995x square plus 1.22 into 10 to the power minus 5 minus 3x gives out 7.38 into 10 to the power minus 5 so you can multiply this expression by 1000 and it will simplify our calculations a bit again we use the same root of quadratic equations to solve this problem and we end up getting x in terms of 0.00802 so of course the physical system the concentration of hydrogen cannot be negative our answer here only is 0.00802 as concentration of hydrogen at equilibrium similarly you know we can also solve it for the end of the problem here we can calculate kp in kp we will simply write the ics in terms of shares and we can i would like you guys to stop pause the video here and actually work out this problem and see if you are able to solve this with kp for this reaction okay now moving on from here let's say k the k equilibrium is really small for a particular reaction basically it means that it's not going to proceed meaning that the equilibrium concentrations would be the same as initial concentrations of the reactants in this situation since x is very small you can you know always approximate you know 0.20 equal to 0.20 only because that's what is really going to give you the concentration of reactants in kp equilibrium initial concentrations is around 3 orders of magnitude or more then you can always go for this approximation and you realize that this approximation always works out to give you the solutions for this you know problem you don't need to do much calculations but easy calculations can be early work okay since you'll have to use the quality to really solve the problem now again looking at you know i2 and 2i here we'll you know if you really look at the problem we have to calculate the concentrations at equilibrium at 600 kelvin and 2000 kelvin where the kc for both of these expressions have been given so the kc for 600 kelvin is given as 2.903 power minus 10 whereas the kc for 2000 kelvin is given as 0.029 okay 0.209 so having said this is the kc values are different question you'll find that we will have to write the ic's for the different equilibrium the ic's will be the same but we'll relate them to the solutions of different equilibrium for example in the first scenario we will relate the i2 to i2 to 2.904 power minus 10 whereas in the second one in the first one you'll realize that it is almost if you know three orders of magnitude between the initial concentration and x and therefore so all we can do is we can write this as 2x square is equal to 0.20 minus x can be written the same as 0.20 and you know 2x square divided by 0.20 can be equated and the equation can be solved for x but for the second equation which is 209 we cannot do this approximation because it will be very close to 0.20 and therefore our answer will go wrong so the approximation can only be used if there is a difference of three orders of magnitude going forward so in this scenario we go through the quadratic method and we get our roots for our solution now let's understand what happens when you know you have you know concentration of two reactions working together for example a plus and c plus d giving a e plus f in this scenario let's say the equilibrium concentrations are kc dash and kc double dash right so our concentration for kc double dash which is cd and ap or double dash divided that is equal to ef divided by cd you realize in this scenario you know you know ad are common to each other so if we add this reaction the net reaction that we get is only a plus b giving c e plus f and e into f divided by a into b but if you really you know also look at the multiplication of both of these kc double dash if you use the product the c and d at numerator and denominator actually cancels out and therefore the net reaction can be of disease of their individual reaction so the equilibrium constant net is nothing but the product of individual reactions so if the reaction is expressed as a sum of two or more reactions the equilibrium constant of the overall reaction is actually given by a sequence of individual reactions so expression equations this is the that we have been looking in looking from beginning so n204 giving twice a panel two will be divided by 204 which is 4.68 into 10 to the power minus 3 in the reverse format our equilibrium constant changes which is n204 divided by n2 square now which will be basically one by k and before 216 so please note that change in the values from 4.63 into 10 to the power minus 3 it has gone almost to 2.16 so when the reaction is written in the opposite direction the equilibrium constant becomes the rest is equal of the equilibrium constant of the original one the reaction course related by substituting the initial concentrations of the reactants and products say you know we do not know whether the equilibrium is being achieved or not what we will generally do is you will you will find the reaction quotient at any point of time so what is reaction quotient reaction quotient is nothing but substituting concentrations at any point of time and seeing what is the product of the expression of equilibrium constant we generally have so for example you know when we have qc that is greater than kc the ultimately we proceed to the left from right this is because you know the products are more in number than the reactants and hence the you know expression has to go towards the towards back downward similarly if you have now qc that is equal to kc the system then is at equilibrium and you will realize the good so the reaction is not going to move towards any direction as such the last is when qc is actually less than kc we know that the products are less in amount than the reaction will grow so forward which is towards left from left towards right this is the different ways to actually look at qc and kc so when qc was basically qc has to achieve kc and therefore it will now when qc and kc are the same there is no net change and when qc is more than the kc the reaction you know the reaction has to proceed more towards reactants than products to get the value of kc that is necessary the next you know point of this topic is to understand layshacklier's principle where we will understand whether there is an external you know to the equilibrium so let's say equilibrium and we change some parameters of the system then you know whatever we change we is going to you know disturb the equilibrium and what the equilibrium then is to nullify that change that we brought in you know at this point of time the here by external space we mean that some parameters of the equilibrium and it is what the equilibrium is what layshacklier so how do we do this is we change for example you know let's say we change in the concentration you know so let's look at this example you know the end to end to the Hebert process now in this scenario if we add more of ammonia obviously the reaction will have more of the concentration now and they try to go towards the different side producing more of so here's the in the time that everything was the same the night concentration hydrogen and ammonia were equal suddenly added ammonia so the there is a spike in the in line here line you realize that the concentration of suddenly increase now they will try to you know balance the concentration of the concentrations of hydrogen and nitrogen so so this is the way is that you know you can actually have the hydrogen is now improved from from from the earlier ones to much more right similarly the nitrogen concentration also has increased okay now let's look at the pressure you know for for a general reaction like a a plus bb giving cc plus dd in this general expression if you start adding uh you know uh in in the uh the reaction is to move towards the different sides so increase in concentration of products it's going to shift the equilibrium towards left similarly increase in if you remove the products the equilibrium is going to shift towards the right hand side the decrease in the production of products you will be able to try and shift towards the right hand side right similarly if you add reactants the equilibrium right hand side but if you add products or you remove the reactants they will shift towards the left so this is one way where you have you know the concentrations of a b c and d looked at uh in different dimensions either you change the reactants or the products as an effect of both of them happening okay uh let's look at the aspect okay especially in case of situations where you have gauges reactants and products so whenever you increase the pressure with the fewest small gas will it will go to right so in this is a decrease of pressure less moles and therefore the equilibrium will decrease the pressure it will shift more towards a and t because more number means more the pressure so if you're decreasing the prep to increase the pressure and therefore you will move towards the reactant side similarly if you increase the volume now since the volume is increased you again need more number of moles so you will find that it will go towards the side which has more number of moles which is a and b the volume you'll find that it will go to the sides which has fewest number of moles which is basically c so this is what lech atelier lech atelier's principle says is that the the at equilibrium if you do bring in any changes you will find that you know the reaction moves in that direction so as to nullify the change let's have our system you know n204 and n02 here is you know the n204 system is where if you increase the temperature you take this you know the d of k degrees why because if you are increasing the temperature you know n204 giving you know is is actually a reaction which is favored by temperature if you increase the temperature more of n02 is formed and therefore it is more brown in nature as you can see in this hotter bulb but if pressure more of n204 is formed so this reaction is favored by the increase in temperature and therefore the k becomes much more as because the exothermic process okay so similarly in an similarly if you process you know if you increase the temperature your k is going to decrease decreasing k means that you know you will have less of products and more of reactants okay so temperature actually matters and equally for endothermic to thermic processes similarly for decrease in temperature it will be the reverse because the temperature for exothermic processes you know your k is going to increase because it will want to have more of the products why because it's an exactly process so you decrease the temperature it will try to warm the system up and process of forming system which is going to create more heat but heat is created only while you form products and therefore more of products will be formed okay now this is a typical energy diagram for a catalyst now adding a this actually does no difference you know it only increases the speed of forward and backward reaction but having said the reaction simply keeps on moving in in both the directions in with larger speed having said this you know there is a little change in terms of the concentrations or the equilibrium does not shift only what happens is the activation energy changes so it does not change the k it does not shift the position of equilibrium only the activation energy changes and the equilibrium is achieved faster so you can see that the catalyzed reaction lower activation energy whereas on catalyzed as a higher activation energy so catalyst lower is both ea for forward and reverse reactions and equilibrium has other difference in the entire system okay now we have we have seen the habit process quite quite some time right so we have we know that nitrogen and hydrogen basically gives ammonia that is delta it's basically endothermic process of the form of ammonia so basically sorry it's an exothermic process so you have ammonia as ammonia is formed heat is given out almost 92.6 kilojoules per mole to realize that as you increase the pressure you'll find that the mole percent of ammonia actually increases why because as you increase the pressure the system will want to go towards that side which will have less number of molecules which is nothing but ammonia so increasing pressure actually helps similarly if you also see if you increase in the temperature the green shows N2N H2 whereas NH3 red so if you keep on increasing the temperature you'll find that the moles percentage of NH3 decreases but this is this process is exothermic so clearly temperature exothermic would resist that you know entropy you know they would want to have higher temperature because they can absorb more of heat but the exothermic you know that they will they will not be favored by this reaction so basically if you really see you know this is one of the reasons why we actually keep on taking as much as possible while you know this process keeps on happening because as we take on ammonia you'll find that N2N H2 will keep on reacting more because we are taking out substances from NH3 equilibrium so let's just happen so if you if you change the concentration yes the equilibrium shifts but the equilibrium constant does not change if you if you change the pressure yes the equilibrium does shift again the equilibrium constant does not change if you change the volume again there is this equilibrium but there is no change in equilibrium constant but if you find that the equilibrium does shift but there is also a change in equilibrium constant so equilibrium constant does depend on the temperature but it does not depend on the catalyst as a final one so if you change if you put the So this brings us to the end of this presentation and we will be sharing some more problems with you pretty soon and I hope this will help in understanding the equilibrium chapter. I would have any questions you please post it out on the thank you so much. I'll get back to you.


Digitalization of economic activity has led to the proliferation of data and has transformed the way in which firms are able to accumulate and analyze data. Now data-driven firms of today's age are really able to unleash the potential of payments data. Payments data is especially valuable. Mashed with deep identification of consumer information, payments data enables firms to identify user preferences and analyze accurate trends, ultimately improving consumer experiences of goods and services. So it's clear that data can greatly enhance our economy. But to whose benefit? After all, payments data is derived from individuals' purchasing activity. This data comes directly at the sacrifice of consumer privacy. Here then, the relevant question is, are consumers better off? In order to understand this, we need to appreciate that data can also be a double-edged sword. If used to its fullest, a single firm could gain competitive edge and extend its market share. With greater market share, it gains control over more data. And with more data, this translates to greater competitive edge. Following this argument, data can lead to greater market concentration and even enable a firm to monopolize an industry. And once a monopoly is formed, it's really no longer clear whether a firm will relay the surplus generated from data back to consumers. In other words, consumers themselves whose privacy is breached just by making virtues using a digital payment also fail to reap the benefits of their own data. So in this paper co-authored with Rod Garrett at UCSB, we formalize this intuition in a theoretical environment. We show that introducing big data, in particular in a form of payments data, naturally creates a winner's takes all market. Furthermore, once that monopoly is formed, the monopoly makes great products and services based on this rich data, but also marks the prices up to the point where consumers reap zero profits from the surplus generated from their very own data. Now, from this, we might have the thought that a simple solution is to break apart the monopoly. And our analysis indicates it's not that simple. While it is possible in principle that a regulator could intervene and promote competition in the market by doing so, this comes at a steep cost of overall efficiency as data can become siloed across multiple firms. So at heart, a key issue is that firms benefit from the lack of digital alternative to cash. And as digital payments becomes more convenient relative to physical cash, consumers are left with no alternative to make payments without revealing personal information. The next step that we do in order to think more deeply about this issue is to consider the implications of introducing into the economy a low-cost privacy-preserving electronic payment method or a digital cash. What we show is that digital cash can achieve the best of both worlds. First, digital cash restores the ability for consumers to purchase goods digitally without revealing private information. And now firms have to entice consumers with lower prices in order to acquire this personal payment data. And so here digital cash can act as a bargaining tool for individual consumers to monetize their privacy. Second, digital cash also preserves the underlying market structure. And this means that to the extent that we find that data concentration is desirable from the prospective economies of scale, digital cash induces firms to share surplus with consumers whilst maintaining the gains from efficient use of data. Now as a final thought, we consider several factors that make central banks uniquely positioned to provide digital cash in the form of central bank digital currencies. First, there's immense monetary value in underlying payments data. And that means that a central bank that is not driven by maximizing profits may be better able to commit to preserving privacy relative to a private firm. Second, what we find is that the public value of digital cash far exceeds the private value of digital cash. And this is because digital cash may not necessarily be widely utilized. And yet it still functions as an important source of outside option for consumers. Now this makes digital cash a less profitable as a private venture, but nonetheless socially valuable as it allows for consumers to make privacy enhanced payments in a digital world.


The 8% Nation Conference is just that. You're going to be able to listen to speakers who have grinded and grinded and done what it takes to get to their goals. You will be able to interact with those people, ask questions, network with people. You do not want to miss being an 8% Nation, I promise you that. What's holding you back from getting tools that will get you to where you want to be? Go to 8%spelledoutnation.com to get your ticket today.


That's good enough and So there we have it and so this is going to increase the AR again. Let's do it for 05 05 31 2 7 and so increase AR by the by the 37 increase revenue by 35 and The liability by the two. Let's do it one more time. Well, let's record it over here first on Excel So I keep the pattern going over here. I'm going to copy that paste it down here, but it's a number three month a To the R. Let's just copy this down copy it down Copy it down and then this is going to equal the 37. Let's copy that down And so what happens now after the next month the AR would go down again If this was so this is like the only thing in there You can see it right it's still wrong because it's negative AR instead of a positive liability under revenue But easy to follow easy to have the sub ledger ease of easiness is is a good thing Don't let anyone convince you otherwise Easiness it's supposed to be easy So stuff if stuff's not easy Something you're thinking about it wrong or someone's lying to you probably because they're making it complicated to try to sound smart or something So there we have that okay, and then So if we so now we can see what's left in here We have three months pass and it was 35 a month times two Right equals 35 times two So is that is that how how what? Yeah, I didn't include the sales tax though So it was hey if I include the sales tax it's 188.56 divided by five and and now times two So there's 75 42. So that's what's left two months worth Including the sale and again the sales tax are kind of throwing You know a little bit of wrench into the situation here but So so you might have to deal with the sales tax in different ways depending on where you're at but there it is The general concept is still clear See the government is one of those people that try to make that they make things complicated. That's what I'm talking about It should be easy, but no but no Government comes in and taxes it's don't worry. The tax is going to be simple. You'll understand it How am I supposed to under it makes no sense? You wrote a law a bill and then called it like Some crazy name like an inflation reduction act that has nothing to do with like what you named the bill after and then it tells me to do all this Stuff that I don't know how Anyways, you can see the pattern here and then if you go into the profit and loss We can see the pattern over here But something's wrong. Let's go into the customer center Uh Something I need to change the range. You need to change the range Going out to 05 3127. So there we have the pattern 35 being picked up per month The total net income thus far at 255. Is that what we have over here? No, it is not But I'm just looking for these three months. So I've got 35 plus 35 plus 35 105 so that's we have over here 105 for this third one because the other two months were using the last one. So we did scenario number one With no the normal routine no prepayment scenario number two the psychedelic surfboard deposit Scenario number three is the unearned revenue subscription model where we haven't yet collected all the revenue Because we only went three months out instead instead of the last two of the five months But hopefully that gives you an idea of the normal kind of processes and how they might work under the negative AR system And then in future presentations, we'll do the same latter two With the with the unearned revenue which will add another account over here on The balance sheet instead of having and we'll see some pros and cons because again It's great to have the unearned revenue properly recorded down here But it also means that we have two accounts that we have to deal with sub ledgers for our Customers which makes it a little bit more difficult on the bookkeeping side of things But those are the pros and cons


Hi Richard, this is Ashley with Oxymor Toyota. I wanted to send you over a quick video greeting that way you can see who you'll be working with. I noticed that you were interested in a new Tacoma. I went ahead and sent you over links to our current inventory of Tacomas for you to look over at your convenience. Also saw that you're wanting to test drive for a $25 prepaid visa. Just let me know a time that would work for you to stop by the dealership and I'll go ahead and schedule your appointment. Give me a call. My number is<PHONE_NUMBER> or you can also email me back. Thanks, bye.


Hi everyone, Joe from Jaspy's casebreaks.com coming at you with a three box of prism basketball mixer a 2019 panini prism basketball mixer featuring a box of a fast break The purple retail box and then the orange blaster box right there big Thanks all of these folks for getting into the action really appreciate it a lot of good stuff in here And there's all the teams right there. Let's roll it. Let's randomize it four and a three seven times for each list one two three and Seventh and final time after seven we've got Darren down to Matthew seven times for the teams and Seventh and final time. Good luck everybody. We've got pistons down to jazz Avery, what's up? So far so good been busy All right So Darren with the pistons Ryan with the spurs Kessler with the Warriors Matthew with the Hornets Christian with the Sixers Brandon with the T Wolves Zach with the Magic Schwartz. He got the Wizards Anthony P with the Rock is Anthony V with the Grizzlies Adam Kelly with the Mavs Alexander with the Nets James Coo with the Thunder Zach with the Celtic Zach S with the Knicks two Zaks in the same break Ryan with the Hawks Matthew Garner. You got my Lakers Christian with the Bucks Brenton with the Pacers Zach Paul with the Cavs David with the Raptors Anthony P with the Bulls Ryan with the Suns Dylan short with the Nuggets Zach with the Trailblazers TJ with the Pelicans Zach with the Heat Daniel with the Clips Zach with the Kings and Matthew with the Utah Jazz All right, so let's order these by column B by team any traits And this quick little break right here only be like 15 20 minutes or so probably about it. No Yes Maybe trade window going once trade window going twice TWC trade a window close. Let's print. Let's rip. All right. We got NT baseball coming up after this schedules in the chat Ladies and gentlemen. All right. Good luck boys and girls There's the final print out right there. Thanks for spending some of your Wednesday night with us appreciate it Farve to replay one point one million dollars to Mississippi auditor This non-profit group got caught up in a welfare embezzlement scheme And paid wow what happened there for that paid for speeches He never made and far faces no criminal charges. Wait. What are the details on that? Like he was enacting the scam Or they were just like we gave you money and he didn't know why it's all seems very fishy to me. I Was that right Avery? I know shipping has been so crazy lately Every everything everything that goes that everything get a tracking number for it goes out that day But after it's out of our hands the pulse service has been so slammed during this pandemic That some people are getting stuff on time. Some people I've seen take weeks To get stuff into the mail, but yeah, I'm glad I'm glad you eventually got it scant scans have been inconsistent. I mean It's been crazy for them so Be patient with with the pulse service But yeah At least you got it. Wow. Do we send up 400 today? Geez? It depends Russell like if you have if we have like if you bought a couple things a couple days next to each other Right and then you're fortunate enough to hit that we'll try to combine as much as possible Here we go. There's nice John Moran in some impact. Yes, the Raiders are my favorite team DFS Yeah, that's what I hear that this is Lynn Bowden junior character can do a little bit of everything He can throw the ball he can be a running back to kind of give Josh Jacobs arrest That John Moran goes to Anthony V by the way nice He can he can throw the ball he can catch the ball he can run the ball. He's pretty quick. He's elusive So there's a lot of that that's what I'm hearing. He's gonna he might be a fan favorite pretty quickly Zach Paul with the Celtics Helen when you guys are just Yes, of course you do Yeah, you get an automated email We're not gonna we're not gonna make you guess on when you're back to but yeah We send you an automated email with the tracking number be Be very concerned with any group raker who? That you encounter that doesn't want to give you a tracking number. It's probably not a good idea Or any business for that matter nice LeBron James and emergent John Moran That's for Anthony V and the gris these LeBron James's have have been have been Rising in value as well Matt Garner you'd be surprised. I think this base one must go for like 30 40 bucks, maybe a silver 60 bucks or something like that maybe more at this point I Know I don't keep too close of an eye on the prices, but I know that it's been good times There's Davante Graham penmanship autograph from Matt Silver scene in the Hornets the murder Hornets Where these red waves aren't numbered, but they will ship Okay, Jason saying LeBron silvers are close to a hundred bucks raw And PSA 10 7 to 800, but that is wild But hey basketball has been doing excellent You can you can really use the the investment word and stuff like this at least a short-term investment Maybe even long-term for some guys like LeBron But DF had I am looking to Lin bet looking for Lin Bowden jr. Kind of a I think at first They'll probably I think they'll try to use them everywhere. You know, I think they almost maybe like a I Would love to have like a quarter L Patterson kind of player in Lin Bowden jr. We've made possibly a higher ceiling I know it's a basketball break folks, but God got slipped into the NFL talk, but I Would love to see something like that. I mean Avery right now the best bang for your buck is probably it's probably Probably basketball to be honest with you DFS is calling it now. He opens the new stadium with a kickoff return. Yeah, he'll probably do kickoff returns I think I'm not sure who they got some speedy guys now. They got rugs They got rugs. They got Lin Bowden jr. And they still have Jalen Rashard who's a who's a more than competent Returner as well. So they might they might figure out rotate around those guys to see who they think's gonna Gonna do those kickoff and punt returns, but yeah, I'm it's I'm looking forward to it. I like Foster Muro Jeff seems like the Raiders have have a Good tight end core there Foster Muro definitely Surprised a lot of people it seems like he's well liked to kind of a funny guy So Darren Waller foster Muro under the tutelage of of Wiley veteran Jason Witten who's on the Raiders too Those guys can learn a lot Hunter Renfrow can be like a poor man's Julien Edelman, I'll take that too. I think the Raiders the Raiders offense is gonna be really fun to watch It's their defense. That's garbage. That's what that's what's gonna lose them games this year That's still very young and raw defense. They added a lot of good pieces, but there's Gory Dieng The RJ Barrett goes to Zach S by the way with the Knicks and the Dieng goes to Brandon Raiders offensively should be fun They should be able to put some decent amount of points on the board that defense just has to Has to step up a little bit if they want to actually win football games. They'll be fun to watch them I mean with that defense, they'll be playing down a lot. Maybe good for fantasy Raiders players good fancy football. They're Bogdan Bogdanovich to 175 Nick Claxton and a John Morant base Anthony All those add up. Oh man, if it's been a long time since you can get Avery's telling a story about his friend who Creates my friend asked if I wanted his Luca silver rookie for like $25. Yeah, that's a lot more now It's been a long time since Luca Donchage rookie silvers for 25 bucks fast break autographs Aaron Baines Phoenix Suns Edition right here that'll go to Ryan Shackleton with that It's Alan Crabb the 50 it's Alan Crabb for Ryan Shackleton as well Steph Curry widescreen and that disco parallel More bubbles if you want to call it that Delvedova Magic Johnson right here Terence man, and we got Romeo Langford Zach Paul with the Celtics Gets the rookie Disco here. I thought it was gonna be an autograph And maybe it's a variation because it was flipped around Gordon Hayward also for the Celtics to 175 Sir Jabaka and John Morant luck of the lottery again. What a break for Anthony and the Grizzlies All right, and last but not least the blaster box All right blaster box. Good luck Alfred Payton Julius Randall nicks And we've got a Kelton Johnson sensational relic For the spurs Ryan Shackleton with that Laurie Markinin LeBron James Avery Bradley for the Lakers as well And that my friends is that a couple Laker Laker LeBron is going to Matt Garner How much was how much was this break? I wouldn't be surprised 40 bucks I wouldn't be surprised if just two of those LeBron James is Probably easily cover that spot right there I mean that's how that's how great and that's how much of value that multiple teams have in this break ladies and gentlemen That was three box Panini prison basketball mixer ladies and gentlemen, they'll be I think there'll be some more versions of this in the store So check it out on jaspyscasewrakes.com. I'm Joe. I'll break that with you next time. Bye. Bye