Hi, good evening everyone. Thanks so much for joining the power up NYC community town hall tonight. We're just going to give folks a few more minutes to join and we'll get started around 605. Okay, well it seems like the trickle has slowed so I'm happy to kick us off. Hi everyone, my name is Claudia VJad Lehman. I'm an energy policy advisor at the New York City Mayor's Office of Climate and Environmental Justice. And thanks so much for joining us on this rainy evening to talk about the city's energy transition. We had a lot of fun at the in person community town hall last Thursday so thanks to those of you that were able to make it I see some familiar names. We're really excited to dig in on the more technical side of things this evening. So I'll kick us off with a brief overview of New York City's energy goals and how the power up initiative fits into that and then pass it over to our consultant team at E3 to get into the specifics of the research topic that we're going to be talking about today, relating to greening the grid. So, if you could go to the next slide I'll just talk briefly about our energy goals so I of course feel very fortunate to work for the city of New York where I was born and raised New York City is taking the climate crisis seriously. We have a goal to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, which includes 100% clean electricity by 2040. And we're really focused on making sure that the transition is equitable one that prioritizes clean air and healthier environments for frontline communities. And also one that enables broader participation and energy planning which is part of the reason that we're here today. We want to make sure that our energy system is more affordable as we transition right now we have about a million and a half residents who are energy cost burdened, which means that they pay too large of a percentage of their income on energy bills. So there's an exciting opportunity in this transition to change that and make costs more affordable for residents and direct savings towards those who need it most. So we're focused on on that and doing that while maintaining a reliable and resilient energy system, even as we're bringing more solar and went on to the grid and as climate impacts are continuing to intensify. We've got our work cut out for us on the next slide I'll talk a little bit more about our office so we are now the mayor's office of climate and environmental justice, you may have heard of us in our previous iterations which were the offices of sustainability and the office of resiliency. We're now combined into one office that thinks more holistically about climate mitigation mitigation and adaptation through a justice lens. So, society has a long history of pushing a disproportionate share of environmental burdens onto communities with low income residents with communities of color, often communities that have the least amount of political power and the least contribution to environmental degradation. So environmental justice really works to address that by ensuring access and inclusion for people throughout the planning process and really closing the gap on some of the exposures to environmental hazards like air pollution and water pollution. Climate justice kind of extends that to recognize that the same historically overburdened communities are the ones that are also most vulnerable to a rapidly changing climate, because climate change tends to exacerbate a lot of socioeconomic and health inequities so so we're really focused on prioritizing frontline communities in this transition. So what does the energy transition entail. On the next slide. I'll show some pillars of the energy transition that are pretty widely agreed upon. First we need to reduce demand. So the less energy that you use the less new clean energy that you need to build and pay for so that can range from something as simple as installing high efficiency light bulbs like the ones shown here. You can use the green city force handing these out in the Bronx, or it could be a more complicated weatherization process like upgrading to more efficient windows or improving installation things like that. Then once we've reduced demand we need to switch to electricity wherever feasible. So that could be heating your building with electric heat pumps instead of natural gas boilers or switching to electric buses instead of diesel ones like the one shown here on 42nd street. So basically we need to make sure that all that new electricity that we're using is clean. So the state mandates 70% clean by 2030 and 100% clean by 2040. So I'll just pause for a second to note the enormity of this task. The electricity industry has not really changed significantly since its inception over 100 years ago and now we're really needing to transform it at lightning speed. We're moving and it's an exciting time to really think about how we can put the muscle behind the transition so that the system that unfolds is one that's more equitable that it has been to date and one that can meet our justice mandates. So where does power up fit in on the next slide. This is basically an inclusive planning process for the energy transition part based on engagement and part based on research. So first is understanding and you know fighting for New York City's New Yorkers priorities when it comes to an energy transition. So for this project we've partnered with five exceptional CBOs throughout the five boroughs shown here and received their feedback as well as leaned on their expertise and community trust and on the ground networks to engage more New Yorkers in this important conversation. And then the second piece of this process which will really be focused on today is the research. So there's been a lot of analysis done already by both the city and the state to understand what needs to be done for the energy transition. And we really don't want to be reinventing the wheel or doing modeling that just confirms what we already know. We're really aiming to build off of what's already been established and then develop deep dive research topics that fill in the gaps that we know exist and sort of stand in the way of creating concrete actionable strategies that we can move forward. So you'll hear more about the research that fills in those gaps tonight. And then where we're headed. We're publishing a report. The goal is to get it out by April of 2023 that will outline specific strategies city government can take in the near term to advance an equitable energy transition. This is the first but not the last of these energy plans were required by local law to publish an energy plan every four years, which is a good thing because this is going to take a lot of iteration. What's needed today is going to be different than what's needed eight or 12 years from now. So we're in it for the long haul and hope you guys are too. So today we're going to talk about the research questions that are specifically related to greening the grid. Tomorrow we have another session focused on electrification of buildings and vehicles. I'll just note before I pass it over is that you guys should feel free to add your questions into the chat at any time we want this to be interactive so we're happy to answer questions as we go. And with that, I'm happy to introduce Zach Satilli, who is the lead consultant on this project at the firm energy and environmental economics or E3 to kick off our discussion on the research. Thanks, Claudia and good evening. So tonight, as Claudia mentioned, we'll be talking about three topics. The first will be energy storage. The second will be public lands and the third will be in city wind. So we'll present each and then there'll be time for Q&A after each as well will pause and take questions to keep this orderly. What we'd suggest is if you have a comment during our presentation, please put that comment into the chat. And then at the end of each presentation will take the comments in order. And then with there's available time will call on anybody with raised hands. And with that said, I'm going to now turn it over to my colleague Kevin Steinberger to discuss our energy storage research. Kevin, let me see if I can get you off mute looks like you may be stuck. I think I was stuck on mute. Can you hear me okay now, Zach. Great. Thanks so much and thanks, Claudia and Zach for that introduction. My name is Kevin Steinberger based in E3's New York office. And I'm excited to be leading this energy storage research topic and be discussing that with you all tonight. So first as context, our overall goal with this research topic is to assess opportunities for energy storage to facilitate the replacement of in city fossil fuel power generation. And I'll start by providing more context around what energy storage is, and the role that it can play in reducing New York City's reliance on fossil fuels in the electricity sector. Our systems are large batteries that are fundamentally the same chemistry and technology as the batteries in our phones or computers, and also the same batteries that are being used in most electric vehicles today. So the large scale or grid scale energy storage systems can play an important role in our electricity system by charging and storing energy during times of high renewable energy output, like a really sunny afternoon, and then discharging or providing power during times of highest demand, like when everyone gets home and turns on their air conditioners during a hot summer day. So the power plants that run on fossil fuels have played that role of ramping up during times of peak electricity demand. And as a result are often referred to as peaking power plants or simply peakers. And the goal of this research topic is to focus on how installing new energy storage systems can reduce the city's reliance on all fossil plants with a focus on these peaker power plants, which often represent the easiest candidates for replacement with battery storage given their limited run times, and many of which are already very old and have some of the highest pollution rates of the city's generation fleet. So several of these plants are also located in disadvantaged communities and so removing those plans from the system would also deliver benefits to these communities. But we've split this research area into more targeted and more specific questions, including an examination of how the impacts of the planned new clean energy resources and new transmission lines that are being built on the electricity system will impact the impact of the fossil generation plants in New York City, how installing new and additional battery storage can enable the replacement or reduction of fossil fuel generation in the city, and what factors the city should take in order to support the deployment of battery storage with the focus on how those deployments of new storage resources can also provide the greatest benefits to disadvantaged communities. In the next slide, we've provided some detail on how we're examining the operations of the New York electricity system. And so to study those questions we've developed a modeling simulation that takes into account the expected changes on the New York electricity system between today and 2030. And so that we can kind of think about that in on both the supply and demand side of the equation. So starting with demand, we know that electricity demand is going to increase between now and 2030 because we're working on electrifying building heating demand. And also trying to accelerate the adoption of electric vehicles, both of which will contribute to increases in total electricity consumption. And we can see that in terms of how the total stack is increasing in this chart on the right between 2021 and 2030. When we focus on the supply side of the equation, we know that the contributions of renewable electricity will increase because we're in the process of procuring new resources to meet the state's 70% renewable electricity goal by 2030, which is set into law by the New York State Climate Act. And so we can see in this chart on the right the significant expansion of renewable resources, including onshore and offshore wind in the shades of light blue, as well as increases in both large scale solar projects and behind the meter customer solar projects in the different shades of gold at the top there. And so as a result of those expansions in the electricity that we're receiving from renewables, even as demand is increasing our modeling projects that generation from fossil based resources will decline significantly by over 60% between now and 2030 across New York State. So our analysis also allows us to zoom in on New York City specifically. So when we zoom in from the statewide level to New York City, if we advance to the next slide. We find that the increases in clean energy across the state also contribute to significant reductions in fossil generation in New York City. So the generation from fossil fuel power plants in New York City declines by more than 40%. So, well that's less than the decline statewide, due to continued constraints on delivering power from upstate New York into the city, as well as certain constraints on delivering power within certain areas of the city. The decline in fossil generation in New York City are really significant achievement driven by the additional clean energy over that that's expected to be built over the next several years, and we're well on our way to contracting and building many of those resources. The other thing that I think is important about this chart is that we've broken out the contributions of fossil generation in New York City by technology type. So the light gray at the bottom of this chart referred to combined cycle power plants, which are often some of the most efficient power plants in the city and have low, relatively low rates of pollution per unit of generation. Then in the middle shade of gray combustion turbine plants are often a little bit newer. And, you know, while less efficient than combined cycle units. Some of these have lower rates of pollution in the last category here which is steam turbine units. Many of these plants are plants that were built in the 60s, some of which were even built as early as the 50s. And so these are some of the oldest, often some of the oldest power plants in the city, and often also have some of the highest rates of pollution per unit of generation and so notably the largest declines in output across these generation technologies occur in these steam turbine power plants. And so that means that there may be significant opportunities to replace the operations of these units with battery storage for events to the next slide. This slide is in this this map on the right is another way of sharing the same information from the analysis that's been shown on the previous two slides through a different lens. And so what we're focused on here is the percent of the year that power plants are operating in 2030. And if we focus on the plants in the city in this lightest shade of blue. These are plants that are operating for less than 1% of the year. And so this brings us back to the role of energy storage and the capabilities of those technologies. Storage technologies today are often technologies that can store and discharge energy for four hours at a time, or sometimes up to eight hours at a time. And so for storage to be able to replace fossil power plants. It's important that the plants are not running very frequently. What we find in our analysis is that many plants across the city are running infrequently at rates at utilization rates of less than 1% of the year. So when we look at the operations of these units we we often find that the capabilities of energy storage are well suited to mimic the operations of these fossil power plants and provide the same capabilities and services to the grid that these plants are providing. And so that's really important because we all want the electricity system to be just as reliable or even more reliable as it is today and provide the same services that it is today. So we want to make this energy transition while maintaining reliability or keeping the lights on for for all customers. And so what's going to be really critical to achieve that is to ensure that the city is well positioned to site and build energy storage that can again provide many of the same capabilities as these fossil plants and enable the replacement of these units and removal of these units from the system to deliver concrete health benefits to our communities by reducing their pollution. I'm noticing a question in the in the chat we've covered a lot of ground already so I'll pause for a minute before turning to the remainder of our analysis. So this is a question around a disruptions to the grid and backup energy. And one of the things that we think again is critical is that as we're making this clean energy transition the system is just as or more reliable and resilient as it is today to these types of disruptions. I think in terms of tackling resilience to to blackout is going to depend on on the specific conditions but we do think that you know in some cases having distributed storage across the city can play a role in meeting what ConEd is calling resilience hubs and trying to make sure that we're increasing the resilience of the grid because we know that climate change is going to intensify storms and lead to increasing challenges on the grid and we want to again make sure that we're ensuring the same or higher quality of service and reliability and resiliency as we are today. So, in this research topic where we're also focused on how we can site and build energy storage in New York City. Again, in order to be able to remove these fossil units from the system, we need to identify key siting considerations for storage and make New York City an attractive and viable place for project developers to build new battery storage projects. So, you know, we know that there's a lot of competition for first base in New York City and land is expensive and and what we're working on in this research topic is developing a framework that can help prioritize opportunities where there's vacant land and there may not be competing uses and where there are good opportunities to build battery storage given its importance in the clean energy transition and so what we're showing on this map on the right is, you know, the starting same layer of where power plants are across the city and you know they're associated runtimes and then layering on vacant land that's you know managed by the city in in red here and in the gray or teal substations which represent grid infrastructure where you know ideally we would site storage near so that it can connect to the grid and provide those those same services that that power plants today are currently providing so as we move forward with this research topic we are looking at a whole host of different setting considerations in addition to the ones shown on this map. So the size of the lot is of course important and how much storage you can provide or build on on the lot and whether it the economics pencil out, given the size of the lot, as well as you know where in different zones across the city where storage can be can be permitted, you know whether that's a commercial zone or a manufacturing zone, given various safety systems depending on the size of the project. And of course you know we want to take into account potential computing uses and community consideration to make sure that storage is being built in an equitable way. So as we move to the next slide, we provided a little bit more detail on how we're breaking out battery storage by different use cases. So, the first column here is showing large scale or grid scale utility scale projects user projects that are larger than than five megawatts. So often need to be on either repurposed land like land that was previously used for large manufacturing facilities, or other vacant lots and often need to be in the range of 7000 square feet or higher so that kind of narrows the pool of potential facilities and storage projects at this size would likely need to be cited either in manufacturing zones or certain commercial zones. We also are considering projects that are eligible for the value stack which is a tariff that the state defines an compensation mechanism that that storage projects would be eligible for. Those projects are slightly smaller than the prior category, but still fairly large. And so those projects are, you know, between 1000 and 2000 square feet. And again, you know, could be cited in any factoring zones as well as, you know, a broader subset of of commercial zones across the city. The distribution scale and building integrated projects are by definition much smaller and more scalable across the city and in our implementation recommendations will identify steps that the city can potentially take to facilitate their deployment. So for the purpose of thinking about this analytically and where potential projects can be cited. We're really focused on these, these larger two categories and trying to identify the size of the potential opportunities set across tax lots across the city. I'll move to the next slide just just briefly speak to this and now we're getting a little deeper into the, into the weeds here. But, you know, tying this back to how we're thinking about this from the perspective of our analytical framework. This is a preliminary analysis and is probably over inclusive relative to where we'll land once we apply all the different setting considerations we've been discussing but you know what we're working on is using publicly available information about tax lots across the city. We're able to apply those different categories of market use cases for storage and apply our screening criteria around, you know, projects of different sizes being in different zones based on permitting and safety considerations. And we're able to then, you know, use all that information and the tax lot database to identify the total available potential to build storage across the city by layering on those different geospatial considerations. And so we're in the process of examining where those opportunities exist, applying, you know, additional considerations such as proximity to transmission infrastructure overlap with environmental justice areas and varying community locations and think about how we can develop a framework that identifies these opportunities makes it easy for developers to site and build storage where there are opportunities that align with all those, those different considerations and objectives. And, you know, as we move forward in this energy transition, accelerate the build out of storage in a way that can drive the replacement and a fossil unit and reduce the city's reliance on fossil fuel power plants over the coming years. So I'll pause there and not seeing any questions in the chat but please enter any questions you all may have and happy to address those as best we can. Seeing any questions in the chat or any hands up. Someone can correct me if that's not the case. Also saying, yeah, if folks want to just unmute and ask questions that that works to give it another minute or so before we turn it over to my colleague Sam for the next research area. Okay, I see a question around why steam turbines are are maybe the best candidates for replacement. So, many of the steam turbines in in New York City were built in the, in the 60s, even in the 50s. And so these are fairly inefficient units and often have higher rates of air pollution per unit of generation. Even though they're not necessarily running very much. They often contribute a disproportionate share of the air pollution that's harmful to to folks health. And that in addition to their age, I think makes them some of the strongest candidates for potential replacement with with battery storage. The next question is, are there any safety concerns regarding the battery technology. And that's something that the fire department has been actively working on and so they developed a set of regulations around how the storage project needs to be configured to ensure that it's, and that there are steps that are taken to, you know, with prevent fires and to, to address those if an accident does occur. Claudia, feel free to jump in if there's more you want to add around all the work that I know is being being done on that front. Sure, so we are very supportive of energy storage because we know it's critical to meeting our clean energy goals but that being said the city is very focused on ensuring that any energy storage that is built in the five boroughs is done so in a safe way. So the fire department and the department of buildings have a lot of regulatory processes by which the developer and the manufacturers of the batteries have to go through strict fire safety testing and design the battery to be to meet the most strict rules in terms of design and installation. So our job now as a city is to figure out how can we streamline those permitting and regulatory processes so that they're not so strict so as to not allow any energy storage to be built in the city, but to make sure that we're not sacrificing any safety considerations as we open up the doors for energy storage to be built in the five boroughs. So the question about rooftop residential batteries I know that there is a proposal in Williamsburg that's currently under review by the Board of Standard and Appeals for putting a battery on the roof of a building. That has also undergone strict review by both Department of Buildings and the fire department so I don't believe that has completed but if it were to get through both of those regulatory processes and I think we could be fairly confident that the battery is safe since those processes are quite strict. But that being said, I know that there have been instances of accidents around the world, particularly in New York City recently with e-bikes which are sort of a different regulatory framework and don't have as strict regulation as the stationary energy storage batteries. So all of this to say that safety is absolutely a top priority when it comes to building out energy storage in the city. And we also know that it is critical to meeting our clean energy goals so I don't think it's one or the other I think we can have both. Thanks everyone. I'm not seeing any other questions in the chat so I'll just just set the wire I'll address this last question and then turn it over. So how long are renewables expected to last? I think that's a question around the lifetime of the plants. Many of these, it's a little bit different for wind and solar than it is for battery storage actually. So solar and wind projects I think are generally expected to last at least 20 or 30 years and often longer battery storage projects because of the way they're operated. Like we need to be either augmented on kind of an annual or biannual basis and kind of upgraded throughout, which just requires a little bit of expense each year or you know replaced every, you know, around 10 years and so a lot of that is already kind of built into the economic picture that developers are considering and and you know factoring that into the project economics to make sure that those projects are viable not just at the installation date but throughout the 20 or 30 year lifetime that they're expecting to be available on the electricity system. So we're now just about at time so I'll turn it over to my colleague Sam Lang to speak about our public land research area. Thanks again everyone. Thanks Kevin. Hi everyone, my name is Sam and today I'm going to be talking about the public land research topic within power up. I'm going to switch for a little bit of kind of context before I dive into the research. So currently the city has a goal of installing 100 megawatts of solar capacity on public rooftops by 2025. Currently there's about 17 megawatts installed and about 46 megawatts in progress. There's also a goal of installing 500 megawatts of energy storage capacity within New York City by 2025. Although this would be across both public and private land. So I think that clean energy development would have multiple benefits for New Yorkers would reduce greenhouse gas emissions as well as other non greenhouse gas pollutants and it would improve air quality. And there are also opportunities to utilize community solar, which can provide bill savings for subscribers as well as non energy benefits, including creating green jobs as well as educational and vocational training. The city owned property does have the potential to be a huge resource for developing clean energy, especially because the city is the largest property owner within New York City. And so all that being said, our research is looking at how city real estate can be utilized, most effectively in support of clean energy, particularly storage and community solar slide please. And so just for a little bit more background information on how city land is currently used for clean energy development. It's currently done with what's called a site access agreement. So a site access agreement access a license that allows private developers access to public land and enables the city to enter into a power purchase agreement or a PPA, which is basically just a contract to buy solar power. And this enables solar development on city owned rooftops. This type of agreement is slightly riskier for developers, there's no formal lease, ensuring their long term access to the roofs. However, this does not require a formal land use review and it's a quicker development process than the alternative. The alternative approach would be to use a formal lease agreement. This is a more concrete agreement between the city and the developer, and the city is locked into providing access to the land for a specified period of time. So this is less risky for developers and potentially a more attractive deal as a result. However, it is more administratively difficult and it does require that extensive land use review process that I mentioned, which can extend an already relatively lengthy development timeline. So through the power of research, we will be looking at development options for solar and storage through two primary administrative pathways. The first would be looking in the short term and it's focused on community solar development on public land. So community solar basically allows residents to subscribe to purchase solar power without having to install solar panels on their property. And our research will be looking into the existing administrative structure that site access agreement pathway that I mentioned, which is currently used by the city to develop rooftop solar and how that process can be extended to be a development pathway for community solar. We're also working on a complimentary financial analysis that will measure potential energy bill savings for community solar subscribers, as well as the optimal financing structure that would maximize these savings. And this financial analysis will be taking into consideration existing state level solar incentives, as well as new incentives that have been made available through the inflation reduction act of 2022. So digging into some of the results from the financial analysis. The main finding here is that opportunities for greater say greater savings have been opened up by the inflation reduction act or the IRA. So the IRA has extended what's called the investment tax credit or the ITC, which has been available for solar energy generation, but the IRA has made it available through at least 2032. So these incentives have also been added to improve the profitability of projects that serve low and middle income customers. So these incentives are all broken out on the figure to the right. On the top of the standard on top of the standard ITC. There are now additional tax credits for enrolling low and middle income customers in community solar, citing projects in low income communities and using materials that have been manufactured and so these incentives if optimized and stacked with state level incentives provided by NYSERDA can cover from about 50 to 80% of project costs, depending on the amount of solar capacity installed per project. The IRA also introduced new pathways for solar projects to receive federal tax credits, including direct payments to municipalities that own projects that could open up new doors for New York City. And our financial analysis will essentially evaluate these new and pre existing finance instructors and identify which incentives are available across different site locations, just in order to maximize and avail maximize available revenue streams and make community solar as affordable as possible, and also maximize energy bill savings for subscribers. And so the recommendations that come out of this analysis can provide a roadmap for the city for rate payer advocates and developers to achieve sustainability goals and benefit communities at the same time. Next slide please. And then the rest of the public land research will be focusing on a long term view so looking kind of beyond community solar. This will be a long term view of storage and solar development on city owned property. The approach that we're looking into would involve bundling multiple properties into a single development project. So this would mean one land use change review for multiple properties. This could speed up the development process significantly and kind of allow more bang for your buck in terms of energy development for a given review process. This would involve the more formal administrative structure I mentioned earlier the lease agreement, which is not currently used for solar development. But ideally could, you know, be used going forward for both solar and storage. And this type of development would use the storage citing considerations discussed previously that Kevin mentioned and could open up the opportunity to combine solar and storage, which could help maximize the energy benefits of solar development. So I will pause here, I know I just talked a lot but I'm happy to take any questions and discuss anything further than anybody is curious about. It doesn't look like there's any new questions in the chat but feel free to throw a question in the chat or just speak out. Okay there's a question in the chat please repeat what has already happened versus what's needed. Sorry Jennifer I don't know if you can speak up could you clarify, are you asking about what administrative pathways are currently being used for what options are available. I'll assume Jennifer that your question is kind of about what's already been happening versus what could happen going forward. Basically what's currently happening is the city uses. Yes 46 megawatts. No so the goal is to have 100 megawatts of solar established on community or I'm sorry on city on rooftops by 2025. Currently 17 are done but 46 are in progress. And then there's also a study of looking at which roofs are considered solar ready in New York, and those kind of provide an option for once those 46 are done, kind of moving on, what roofs could be prioritized in the future. Another question is how does climate justice play into sighting and who gets to participate in community solar. So currently we are based on, first of all just environmental justice concerns and second of all, how IRA benefits work, citing projects in low income communities is aiming we're aiming for that to be the priority just because there are more benefits for community members and also more tax incentives. So it also would be a priority to allow a low or middle income customer subscribe to community solar. Just with priority just to kind of provide those energy bill savings where possible. Yes, thank you Claudia just posted a link in the chat so if anybody has any other is curious about more information on where solar is installed in public land, you can visit that site. And if there are no other questions, which it looks like there aren't I will pass it off to my colleague Hayden. So thank you. Hello, can you hear me now. Yes, we can hit it. Thank you. And can you see my video. I cannot see. There we go. It's been a while since I use zoom hi everyone. My name is Hayden and others the final presentation for the evening here. I'll be looking at the potential for actually installing wind turbines here in New York City. So this is a little different from what you might typically think of in terms of wind energy. The average wind turbine in a wind farm that's being installed right now is absolutely huge three megawatts which is enough to power 1000 homes. And you may have also heard about how New York State is pushing to have 9000 megawatts of offshore wind installed by 2035. Those are big and great and supportive of New York City but what we're interested here is, could we actually install smaller turbines are 10 or 1000 times smaller than those large projects, actually here in the city on rooftops or along waterfronts, so we could generate electricity closer to where it's actually being consumed. And so we're trying to take a large scale assessment of what's the possibility there we don't want to leave anything out on the table. And while it's an interesting idea there are, of course, some unique conditions in the urban environment that need to be a factored in the presence of buildings can reduce wind speeds and introduce turbulence. It can just be more expensive and challenging to install turbines in such a complex space, and they're also safety and sound related concerns. And so here, we're just taking initial shot at trying to figure out if we were to fully utilize the resources in the city, how much energy could that provide. If we could go to the next slide. But first, I just want to give you some context to what some past experiences have been. There are some really interesting and promising examples of wind turbines in urban environments being successful. There's a fairly large turbine up in Toronto that they installed along Lake Ontario. They've been operating for almost two decades now and has apparently been a pretty good success. However, it should be noted that there are a good number of examples from around the world from London to Houston, Texas of turbines in the urban environment that really have not quite met expectations have not generated as much electricity as was anticipated operated for as long as had been hoped. And so that's useful to just have in mind, bringing things a little closer to home, there've been at least a half dozen wind turbine projects in New York City over the past decade and a half. One, some a prominent example was the Brooklyn Navy yard they installed a series of one kilowatt turbines on their rooftop back in 2008. Unfortunately, those turbines are not able to access wind speeds that were as high as had been hoped. So, those ended up just producing around 2% of the expected generation, and they have not been maintained. There's another project in Long Island City, where they installed a series of turbines on the rooftop of a luxury residential building. I don't know how those have actually performed but we do know that it was pretty expensive to install them using a crane reinforcing the roof. And so even if they were to perform to expectations, the electricity would be incredibly expensive to the point of not being able to access wind speeds as much as possible. And then finally, and more encouragingly, there was a commercial scale turbine installed at a recycling facility in Brooklyn along the East River, it's a 100 kilowatt turbine, and that was installed at a recycling facility. It's operated fairly well, it hasn't fully met expectations but it is continuing to successfully generate electricity for the recycling facility providing around 2% of their annual demand. So it's not yet paid off the initial investment, it is a sign of what could be possible, and suggests that maybe this is something worth looking into at a large scale. If we could go to the next slide please. Thanks. So just giving a sort of an overview of the procedure we use to arrive at some of our estimates here, trying to do a assessment of large jurisdiction. It can be a little tricky just because so much of wind projects is really very site specific. But this is something that other jurisdictions have looked at as well. Here's an example of the procedure followed for a study in the Netherlands. And we've generally followed very similar steps in our work as well. So the first major step was to just collect the best available data we have about the buildings around New York City and try to identify which of those buildings could be candidates based off of general zoning considerations. And then second, we brought together the best available wind data that we could have, mostly from a federal data resource that was provided at a somewhat high resolution around the city, not as detailed as maybe we'd like but it's a good start. And finally, we brought together specifications from leading wind turbine manufacturers that indicate how different turbines might perform under a variety of wind speeds. And we brought all this together to look at each of the candidate locations estimate what would be the distribution of wind speeds at those locations, and figure out how a turbine might perform under those conditions. And then we also did a pretty similar process for ground mounted locations. Those would allow for potentially much larger turbine installations along the waterfront in commercial and manufacturing sites, but you need a fair amount of open space within individual lots. So that is a little restrictive in terms of where they could be installed. We could go to the next slide please. One slide of results here, because the upshot is unfortunately, there isn't a huge potential for wind here in New York City, starting with roof mounted turbines. There are around a million buildings throughout all of New York City, and out of that wider stock we identified around 7500 tall buildings are over 100 feet tall, that could be candidates for roof mounted wind. If all of those locations were fully utilized, we installed turbines, the maximum number of turbines we could on each roof, we estimate that they could generate electricity that would match around 0.4% of the current city's annual electricity demand. And just as a side note, we have a map here showing how the average wind speeds might vary by location and the actual height of the roof where the turbines could be installed. But this does come with a caveat. We collected some data for a weather station on a midtown Manhattan skyscraper, and that suggests that the wind resource is much less reliable than some of the top down federally provided data would lead us to believe that the wind speeds on average were much lower at that location than we had calculated from other data. And if we apply that reduction in wind resource across all the buildings, it would suggest that we could only provide around a 10th of the generation that we had previously calculated, actually most of those tall buildings would be better off just installing solar panels instead. We're switching gears to shorter buildings that are located near the waterfront they're around additional 1500 buildings that could be candidates for wind. But for the shorter buildings, they probably would not be able to access high enough wind speeds to really justify installing a turbine. That wouldn't make sense, our calculation suggests. And then finally, turning to the possibility for larger ground mounted turbines are looking at turbines that are 100 to 200 kilowatts is sizable but not quite a full wind farm industrial scale. We identified some 68 lots around the city that we think could have enough space to accommodate one or more of these larger turbines. And if all these sites were fully utilized, we think that they could provide around 0.1% of the city's annual electricity demand. But it seems that most of those sites, especially the larger sites would be better off installing solar just in terms of total energy generated per location. So, again, it could make a contribution, but maybe there are other ways to utilize those those particular sites. So again, the general conclusion here is that while there may be individual locations individual buildings where urban wind could be a valuable addition where it could make sense on the whole the general potential is limited. So it seems that at this time, it's not an area that the city should give much priority to in terms of pursuing renewable generation. But it's been interesting looking at this and hopefully this helps to just understand the general landscape of what's possible going forward. So glad to take any questions now. Thanks so much. Thanks Hayden so there is one comment thus far in the chat and it is, has there been research into seeing if there are any buildings in New York City that could potentially be converted to a zero energy building. Yeah, I'm not quite sure about that. I assume this means could you install enough solar and wind on a building to match the actual energy demand at that location. I did run some calculations recently about how much of an individual building a turbine, or could a turbine match the particular buildings generation. Let me rephrase I could a turbine match the building's electricity demand. I don't think that there were locations where that generation was fully equaling the particular building demand, I don't know if that might be achievable with solar and storage installed. I think it could probably be somewhat challenging just because of the high energy density of New York City buildings versus the density of renewable generation. But that could be an interesting thing to look at. But at a city wide level, I think that it would be much more challenging prospect. I hope I answered the question. And we'll just pause. Yes, thank you, Calvin responded. Okay, thanks. And we'll see if there are more questions, and certainly feel free to come off mute. If you'd like to ask rather than type out your comment. I'm not seeing any additional. So that's the end of our prepared presentations on research. We were ahead of schedule so I maybe would like to open it up I think all three presenters are still online. Oh, we did get a question. Give me one moment. Okay. I think we have a question. I don't know if the city is supporting a cap on wrecks to offset emissions. When buildings are seeking to comply with the law. And how is the city supporting the utility thermal energy network and jobs act. Is there a way to encourage slash build geothermal micro grids in neighborhoods. You know, those questions weren't part of our particular scope here and we also haven't really looked at the economics of installing wind in the city, just because there's so many unknowns there. The majority of the cost to be actually installing it on a building or on the waterfront and that could get very expensive. But that would be very hard to try to estimate from a high level. So we'll ask Claudia though if she could come off mute and maybe address that two part question. Sure, and thank you so much for your questions and for sticking with us tonight. So the first question is about local on 97 and Rex. So when we talk about Rex for local on 97 compliance, the caveat is that they must come from renewable energy generated within New York City specifically. So that was written into the law in order to ensure that buildings aren't paying like a wind farm in Ohio to help meet their compliance because we want to make sure that we're directly reducing pollution from fossil plants in the city. So that was local law rulemaking process that released draft rules about a month ago so I can try and find a link to share in the chat for more information about local on 97. When it comes to the utility thermal energy network and jobs act that was a really exciting step by the state to think about how can we shift gas utilities from instead of being a gas providing service to being a heating providing service by using geothermal, basically uses geothermal heat pumps that leverage the constant temperature of the ground to provide super efficient heating and cooling for buildings. And when you create district district systems, those can be even more efficient than building level systems because you're leveraging different thermal nodes and different buildings on the same neighborhood. So the city is exploring the potential for this type of technology. We are conducting a feasibility study to look at building district geothermal networks to support electrification of city buildings so that study is underway and will hopefully give us some more information about whether they would be technically feasible on city buildings and that can sort of serve as a pilot to better inform opportunities for private buildings as well. And I can put in the chat a link to the city's geothermal feasibility screening tool, which provides some high level data for specific city blocks so you can look at the block to see whether at a, you know, feasibility screening level obviously everything has to be site specific so you'd need a much more information than just the tool can provide, but you can see whether there's preliminary feasibility for geothermal in your area. Hope that answered your question. I think it did and there's a few more comments that came in so we'll jump next to Richard wonders comment. What about the potential of solar generation canopies on parking lots of malls big box stores and supermarkets. Claudia, would you like to take that one or should I I'm happy to start. So yeah that's definitely something that we're excited about exploring it's really rare to find lots of open space in New York City so when we can take advantage of things like parking lots that's definitely an exciting opportunity. I think the fees for solar do cost more than ground mounted solar because you have to have the steel to elevate them. So that's a consideration but it could be a great way to take advantage of that space and also potentially support electric vehicle charging in the parking lot as well. So for city lots, that's definitely something that we are looking into and how how the city could advance that on parking lots for municipal fleets, and then for the private sector, we don't have direct control over that but we want to make sure that we have solar within the five boroughs to the extent that we can to help us meet some of our ambitious targets so that includes, for example, advocating for an extension of the property tax abatement to make solar more financeable within New York City or streamlining the permitting process to make it easier for people to build solar in New York City. Zach, feel free to add on to that. No, that was great. I don't have anything to add. Do you mind taking the carbon trading question to I think that's the last question. Great question. What about carbon trading for buildings to do more than enough work to lower their carbon emissions to fall within the emissions limit instead of Rex. So I, I want to get back to you on that with some links to more information. I am not a building's expert, but my understanding is that that was considered as part of the local law and there was a study done on what that could look like carbon trading could look like for New York City. And there were some environmental justice concerns that that could end up meaning that if you have, for example, a real estate owner with a portfolio of buildings that they may choose not to invest in or buildings in environmental justice neighborhoods and instead invest elsewhere in their portfolio and that you could end up with sort of pollution hotspots in places where you have low income communities. So I think that's the biggest concern when it comes to carbon trading for buildings, but I also understand that that some folks are focused on, you know, the lowest hanging fruit and doing the types of upgrades that could be the cheapest and reducing emissions overall. I think when we're talking about emissions reductions, it's often easy to slip into the sort of city wide net zero, which is also important, you know, we want to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the atmosphere doesn't necessarily care if those emissions are coming from the Bronx or from Manhattan, but neighborhoods and communities often do care because those emissions are associated with co pollutants that can directly impact health. So I think that's the biggest concern when it comes to carbon trading, but I don't know whether local on 97 rulemaking process had officially made a decision on that so I can try to share more information in the chat. Great. And I guess I'll pause once more to see if there are any additional comments. Hopefully we were clear with both our presentations and our responses. And if there aren't additional questions we can wrap up. So I think Claudia is looking for the link, so she can send it before we close off while while we wait to close up I just want to give a quick preview for tomorrow night so we'll be doing a second session. It's time tomorrow, and we'll be covering three topics as well those topics are mostly going to be focused on electrification of both buildings and of our transportation systems, and then a third topic around how those new electrification loads could affect our grids readiness. So I encourage all to sign up and join us again tomorrow night. Very similar structure and format. And I see a question here, will there be slides available. We certainly will share on these slides. And I think Claudia you're going to give a quick pitch for the survey as well correct. Yes. So we can definitely send the slides around as a PDF to everybody who registered for this event and we're also going to be putting them on our website. I can put our website in the chat it's nyc.gov slash power up so pretty easy to remember. Zach mentioned our technical session tomorrow so hope to see you then as well and then the survey we have open through December 21. So two weeks from tomorrow. We have some ranking questions and then some open answer questions so really, really looking forward to hearing your feedback and your ideas. The next step is to really translate a lot of these research findings into specific actions that city government is going to commit to taking in the near term to make sure we're on track for our long term energy transition goals. So if you have specific ideas that you want to make sure we are thinking about please feel free to put those in the survey responses. We'll be working on incorporating public feedback and really refining those city commitments over the next few months and then the goal is to publish the report by next Earth Day 2023. I did not yet put the geothermal link geothermal. Sorry, I should have had these like at the ready. But I'm googling it now and we'll send it to you. It's the Department of Design and Construction geothermal tool here it is. And the other link I will put in is the community energy map. I think it's tiny url.com slash nyc energy map. And that can show you not just the geothermal potential for your block, but also solar potential other clean energy technologies and then overlays it with different resiliency and environmental justice metrics. And then really prioritizing deploying these clean energy resources in neighborhoods where they would have the most community benefits. So that's a fun tool to play around on as well. So I think with that, we can wrap up hope to see you at the technical session tomorrow hope to see your responses to the survey, and really appreciate you sticking with us on this Thursday evening. Not Thursday, Tuesday. What day is it? Thanks everyone. Have a great night.


Maybe you say to yourself, I love you. Come on, Teddy. It's time. I'm glad you're here today. Thanks for joining my friend, Teddy and I, for our mooka moment. When we practice our mooka, we have just one rule. Just one. Do you have any guess? Teddy, do you know our one rule in our mooka moment? It's to be kind. When we practice our mooka, it's important to always be kind. And there's three pieces to this rule. First, we're kind to ourself. We say nice things to ourself. We take care of our bodies. Second, we're kind to each other. We say nice things to each other. We take care of each other. And the third is we're kind to our earth, or where we are. And I have a song to help us. It goes like this. I am kind to me. I am kind to you. I am kind to the earth. I am kind to me. I am kind to you. I am kind to the earth. Two. I am kind to me. I am kind to you. I am kind to the earth. Two. One more time. I am kind to me, I am kind to you, I am kind to the earth, too. Thanks for singing with me. When we practice our mukha, it's important to be kind to ourselves during the whole practice. Practicing our mukha is an opportunity for us to do something kind for ourselves. We move and breathe and rest and sit. That takes care of our body, our mind, and our heart. It's as important as brushing your teeth every day. Teddy, are you able to try a mukha moment with me today? Oh, God, I'm so glad. Are you ready to try? Great. First, we move, then breathe, and rest, then sit. Come on, Teddy. It's time. First, we move, then breathe, and rest, then sit. All friends, show me your mountain pose. Stomp your feet on the earth. Can you hear it? Stomp, stomp. And then let's reach our hands up to the sky. Reach even more. Big, good morning stretch. Oh, what a kind choice for our body this morning. Reach, reach, reach. Let's turn into a crescent moon. We're going to lean to one side, crescent moon. We'll reach back up to the sun and over to the other side, crescent moon. Come on, reach a little more, and then elephant trunk. Can you go down towards the earth and become an elephant trunk? You could shake your head, your arms. What sound does that elephant make? From here, we're going to come all the way down to the earth. Can you show me easy pose? Criss-crossed applesauce, easy pose. Stretch out your arms to either side. We're going to lean to one side and then push up and lean to the other side. Tick, talk. It's right like a clock. Tick, talk. Can you go faster to one side and then reach to the other? Let's move our shoulders around a bit more.  Like you're flapping your chicken wings. Can you flap them faster? And slow, all the way up and down. Next, let's twist our spine. Ready, Teddy? Twist, twist, twist. Twist, twist, twist. Twist, twist, twist. Like a washing machine. Twist, twist, twist. Twist, twist, twist. Let's put our legs now in a butterfly. Put some glue on the bottom of your feet and stick them together. Now I have wings. Flap your wings. We're going to keep our legs in butterfly and we're going to find our hearts. Teddy, where is your heart? That's right, right there in the middle of your chest. Inside our hearts we have love and kindness. That's what we're working on today, kindness. Sometimes we just got to wake it up though. It's always there, but maybe we need to wake it up. Here's how you wake up your hearts. Can we do that again? Heart-stingling. I can feel all that love and kindness in there. Next, let's stretch our legs all the way out. You can move your ankles, wiggle your toes. We'll reach up to the clouds. Tickle your toes. Reach up high, tickle the clouds. Tickle your toes. Toe, tip, toe, tip, toe, toes. One more time. Tip, toe, tip, toe, tip, toe. Pension. Like this is your caterpillar and it's inching in the grass. Maybe it's eating. What is your caterpillar eating today? Yum. Inch, inch, inch. Now your caterpillar is feeling very full and hung and tired. It's going to climb the tree and it's going to curl itself up into a little ball and wrap itself up. What is this? That's right, the cocoon. Give yourself this big hug and maybe you say to yourself, I love you. I love you. I love me. I love you. And then what happens next? That's right, we come into a butterfly. Flap your wings.  Toes, stinky toes. We can fly up, up, up, up, up, up, up, up with the clouds and down, down, down, down, down to the earth. Next, let's come on to our hands and knees. We can find a cow and a cat. Yum. Cow. Can we move and breathe together? Big breath in, big breath out. Big breath in, big breath out. Can we find a down dog? Can you go upside down today? Whoa.  You could even jump.  Great practicing, friends. Next, we'll stand all the way up to the sky again. All the way up to our feet. We're going to practice our warrior poses. Warriors are strong. They're also pretty kind. We're going to find kind warriors. We're going to spread our feet apart and we're going to reach our hands first up to the sky.  In this posture, we can say to ourselves, I am kind to me. Then let's take our hands out to either side and we could point our fingers. In this posture, we could say, I am kind to you. Next, we'll lean back and point up to the stars. In this posture, we can say, I am kind to the earth. Shake that one out. Shake your body. We're going to try the other side. We're going to have to flip our feet. Reach up high to the sky. My back leg is straight. Keep bent. I am kind to me. I am kind to you. I am kind to the earth. Shake that one off. Great trying with me today, friends. Let's do one more. What should we do, Teddy? What other movement do we want to do today? You want to jump around. Would you like to jump around? Some frog jumps? Let's come down to a squat and try and jump as high as we can. Three, two, one. Oh, check your feet. Did you land back where you started? Let's do another. Three, two, one. Can you try a tuck jump? A tuck jump, we start standing. We're going to jump up and try and bring our knees to our belly. Like this. Can you try? Great tuck jump. Thanks for moving with me, friends. Let's get ready to breathe. First we move. Then we breathe and rest and sit. One down back to easy pose. Criss-cross applesauce. Remember, our lungs are in our chest. So we want to sit proud. If we slouch, it compresses or squishes our lungs. So sit proud so you can breathe in as much clean oxygen as you can. Today in our breathing, we're going to practice a stress breath. A kind choice for ourselves when we notice if we have stress in our body or in our days is to give ourselves big, deep breaths to help us calm down. We're going to use our breathing ball to help. A stress breath works like this. You breathe into the belly, filling up, and then pause. Mark your chin and hold the breath. And then let it out slow. That's a stress breath. Let's do some together. Big breath in. Hold it. Let it go. Big breath in. Maybe you can tuck the chin. Hold it. And let it go. Inhale deep. Hold it. Let's get ready to rest. First we move. Then we breathe and rest and sit. We're going to come all the way down to our backs. Can you stretch out your legs? Stretch out your arms like a starfish. Ah, resting on a rock. You can feel the warm sunshine. Ah. In today's rest, we're going to practice a squeeze and let go. Let's start with our hands. Squeeze your hands into a fist. Squeeze, squeeze, squeeze, squeeze. And then let them go. Squeeze your hands and your arms and your shoulders. Squeeze, squeeze, squeeze. And then let them rest. Can we do hands, arms, shoulders, and belly? Can you squeeze, squeeze, squeeze? And let it go. Ah. Let's try the feet now. Can you squeeze just the toes and the feet? And let it go. Ah. Can we squeeze the toes and the legs? Squeeze, squeeze, squeeze. And let it go. Ah. What about the feet and the legs and the bottom and the chest and the belly and the back? And let it go. Ah. What if we try the whole body? Shoulders, toes, legs, bottom, back, belly, and face? Can you scrunch your face? Squeeze everything. Squeeze, squeeze, squeeze, squeeze. And let it go. Let's try that one more time. Hands, arms, feet, legs, back, belly, face, whole body. And let it go. Ah. Let it go. Let it go. Mounting, mounting, mounting into the earth. See if you can now relax your whole body. And maybe as you exhale, you breathe out. And let go a little more. Three, two, are ready. We'll wiggle our fingers, our toes. Ah. Maybe bring your knees in. Give yourself another hug. First we move. Then we breathe and rest and sign. Easy pose one more time, friends. We move and breathe and rest so that we can sit. We try and get really still. But of course, you're still alive and breathing. Can you feel your breath moving your body? And today, sit, practice. We're going to do, I am. When you breathe in, you can say to yourself, I am. And then when you breathe out, try and say something kind to yourself. It could be, I am kind. I am kind. I am unique, strong, a friend, generous. Thanks for practicing with me today, Teddy. When we are kind to ourselves, it helps us be kind to each other. And practicing a mukha moment is being very kind to yourself. How are you feeling now, Teddy? How are you feeling? We know all feelings don't last forever. And whatever you're feeling is okay. And all you need to practice your mukha is your body, your mind, and your heart, which are always with you. Thank you for practicing with me today. I like to feel as strong as a tree, calm as the sea, happy and free to move and breathe and just be me. It's time for a mukha moment.


Ukraine has returned 207 hostages as part of another prisoner exchange with Russia. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky posted photos of the event, saying, we return despite everything. We remember everyone in captivity. Soldiers and civilians. We must return everyone. We are working on it. Zelensky thanked head of the main intelligence directorate of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine Kirill Obudinov, head of the office of the President of Ukraine Andrei Yermak and other officials involved in the prisoner exchange. Among the released servicemen are defenders of Mariupol, Kersen, fighters from Zmeny Island, Marines, and combat medics. The exchange that took place on Wednesday also saw 195 Russian soldiers released from the Ukrainian captivity, the Russian Defense Ministry said. This was the 50th prisoner swap between the two countries since the beginning of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine.


Good evening everyone. My name is Yash Chaudhary and I'm here to present my project, Enhancement of Fosse Forum Portal. So basically the aim of this project is to enhance the existing Fosse Forum Portal which we generally use in Fosse for discussion. So I've added features to increase its usability and to improve administration. So Fosse Forum Portal is actually an existing website which is currently in use for Fosse people discussions. Actually it is divided into basic categories in which the questions can be asked and the question answers forum like a Stack Overflow forum. So I have added on that website. These are the technologies which I have used on back end. Django and MySQL is used and in front end HTML CSS, jQuery and JavaScript are used. These are the basic features which I have added. I will go through them one by one along with the demo. First one is a tag. Tag is actually a keyword which describes the question and also helps to classify it. I will show you through demo how tags are inputted and how they are used. So this is the input page for Fosse Forum. From here you can select a category on which you can ask questions. Here you can add question title, here question description and here tags. Now you can... Tags is what we added. Yes sir. Now tags for you can dynamically add. What is the administrator? Okay. So these are suggested tags as you can see here. You added something called tags. I will change the forum administrator to deal with tags. Yes sir. Actually here I'm presenting suggested tag which need to be added from the administrator. These are the suggested tags sir. Here you can see the suggested tags come from every category. What function you added to the administrator of the forum? To deal with tags. To deal with tags. Suppose I write Narendra Modi. What is he going to do? He cannot specifically delete the tags. That is wrong. He has to delete the question. Administrator can delete posts, correct? Yes sir. He can mark them as cross and whatever this thing is bad and fellow he can do. Now you added a view from site for Fosse Forum and you have not modified the administrator. Actually administrator have only have the power to delete the question not the tags specifically. No, no. That is because only questions existed earlier. Now you added something called tags. So corresponding feature for the administrator you have to give. Otherwise your feature is not complete. So you are saying that administrator should also. Correct. If I write Narendra Modi what are you going to do? And then somebody will report. And then our professor Kannan will lose his job. You have tagged Narendra Modi in Fosse. What are you doing? He said I cannot do anything great intern has not allowing me to do anything. Anyway, completeness is most important for function. You can add tags from here or you can add tags from suggested tags here. I have made a from in backend for testing purpose I have made. No, nothing. All the tags in the presentation. So this is how the tags will be displayed. For example, if I have a tag here Django. If I click on it then every question which is related to Django will be displayed. And those suggested tag can be added from administrator that will show afterwards. Next part is social login. Social login is a way to login into the third party website. If you have an account in Facebook or Google you can add it. So I have opened a private tab initially. So you can directly for example sign in through Google. It will ask for your email ID. Now the third feature I have added is modded interface. Actually Django has a basic admin site. But that only works with that only display you models. And you can work on them. But for this specific application I have made a custom moderator. So the first functionality which a moderator can do is update users. So four parts, four functionalities which administrator can do. Activate, deactivate which means if... How do you say this is update user? Yes sir. Actually these are users. How do you say this is update users? Okay sir. So these are users information sir. Maybe. I don't know. So if I select on any of the users I can perform these four of these functionalities. For example I deactivate this user. So this will become false. If I try to now login through Akash. Yes but shouldn't anything like this have some sort of a title on the top. What this screen is? You are saying that... You deactivate it. Sorry sir. Myself I deactivate. No. Okay. He went and clicked that then he went and clicked that and then it became false. If I myself try to deactivate me then it won't work. Because I am logged into this time. For example if I am logged in as ABCD. It's a sensitive data. How can you afford... Moderator. Only staff members have permission for this website. Anyways you allowed the... Sorry sir. Now another part is questions. Here's a list of every question which user can ask. User has asked every question. And you can delete a question from here. For example if I select this question. This you are not done. This I have not sir. Why? The forum software did not have a delete earlier. No sir. Why not? Sir actually there are some times that for example... Why should we not... For example if someone asked like this question. Delete. So we need to delete. For example this type of questions are there. How do you search what to delete? Sir actually how previously work was done in Fosse forum was that the few people were managing the site. What is there in this question? How do you know? No sir. The question to be deleted. Who tells you to delete? Anyone can tell. For example... But you should verify. Sorry sir. But you should verify right? Can you see the answer to this question? Yes sir. If you click... These questions don't have answer sir. But if you click on there. You can... You can delete it here itself. Yes sir. That is for bulk deletion. Yeah what is... Yes sir. Delete question? Delete. For example this type of question is there. I don't have to delete a complete question. I have to delete only this answer. So I will delete. If I have to delete complete question then I will delete question. Now a separate page has been added for unanswered question which was... Now these are the categories in which the whole project is divided. There are total 11 categories I think. Yes sir. In categories you can also edit the name of category. Description. Email. And there is the suggestion tags. Which were present there. And you can also add the category image. Now other task which I was supposed to... As I had done. Is I converted the complete code into Peppet Center which was not available. And another is a populate category command. Actually during the installation. There is a table called force category. In which all categories have to be populated. Now previously it has to be done manually. Now I have created a custom command. You type python manager pi by populate category. And it directly populates to the database. Which of scope is that the text editor which is currently using. Is a nice edit. It doesn't have the ability of adding codes. Code based format. So that can be added. And actually... And it currently use CAPTCHA which is text based CAPTCHA. So I think it was two weeks ago or later. That an advertisement come on the live forum website. So they have tried with images... Image CAPTCHA and it works fine. No one can penetrate this way. And the voting system is thumbs up, thumbs down only. Like stack overflow is there. So it can be improved in 5 star ratings etc. So the question I wanted to ask is. You said voting system should be improved. You indicated something like 5 star system. Have you seen the available open source voting system modules? You probably not studied them. Because those are required in multiple cases. Even for the community nurturing side. We need a voting system like that. So there are multiple voting systems available. And which one should you use. Depends upon what your requirements are. So are you sure that voting system improvement. Will significantly add value to your system. Actually the system we currently use is like thumbs up, thumbs down only. So if you want greater granularity. So like rating 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or something. Actually what happens is... There are more complications to that. Because when you say multiple states. First of all the users who vote. Should be aware of what each level of granularity means. And therefore the thumbs up and thumbs down. Is actually easier to confirm to be reasonably accurate. Because people have to make zero one decision. Whereas the moment you ask them to make a decision between 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. There are likely to be inaccuracies. So you actually need an additional mechanism then. Over and above voting mechanism. To understand and prove that the voting given by people is reasonably accurate. So you will have to track the voting given by the same individual over a period of time. Compare it with the average vote that a particular task get. From the same person. With the average.  For anything else. It becomes very complicated when you increase the levels. Why I am asking this question is. Do you think that there will be a substantial improvement in the overall functionality of your system. By merely enhancing the voting system. Sir the current voting system has one peculiarity. For example if I have a question. Which has for example 1000 views. In which 600 liked and 500 disliked. So total up will be 100. But the other question is only 200 views.  I am tempted to tell you a story of the national ranking of institutions. NIT Agartala whose board of governors I chair. Last year was amongst the first 100 institutions. It was 53rd or something. This year smaller NIT's like Manipur and all. Have gone ahead. Agartala has been relegated to 100 to 200 place. So my director and faculty members were very upset. How can this happen etc. I said just like last year. There were other NIT's and other institutions which were upset because you were ahead of them. You are upset today. But there he pointed out a very peculiar parameter. Which exactly goes like what you say. The parameter was percentage of postgraduate seats filled in an institution. Now NIT Agartala has 360 postgraduate seats. Various intake programs. And out of these 360, 340 were filled. The percentage is 340 by 360 which is much less than 100%. Manipur or something has 12 seats. And they are royally filled all 12. So they got 100%. So this is what happens when you translate the votes or such numerical parameters with no regard to absolute values. Then this problem happens. But this problem can be sorted in a much easier fashion by giving weightage to the absolute value rather than increasing the granularity of it. So anyway that was just a solution. But good work. Thank you.


Chronology. Chronology is the science of arranging events in their order of occurrence in time. Consider, for example, the use of a timeline or sequence of events. It is also the determination of the actual temporal sequence of past events. Chronology is part of periodization. It is also part of the discipline of history, including Earth history, the Earth sciences, and study of the geologic time scale.


Fel gwybodaeth iddyn ni newid hun i'r grammar arwain o gelynllain cyfanirol, ac yna gydigau i gydigio gwahanol i'r gwybodaeth cyfanirol yn y cyfanirol. Felly, gydigio gwahanol i gydigio gwahanol i gydigio gwahanol i'r milliards. A'r ddwy i'n mynd yn bwysig o phan continen ac yn mwy o phan yn falch o'u gwahanol i gydigio gwahanol, ac o'r dda llynog, o ddwy ei gwneud hwnnw, o capitalog gan ymlaen yn cael ei ddweud. Yn ymlaen o'r rhan oherwydd, mae'n ddysgu'r ymlaen oherwydd, mae'r byw'r aedlaid o bwyd yn bwrobad, ac mae'r rhan oherwydd i'w'r three elements oherwydd ymlaen i'w rhan oherwydd. Yn ymlaen o'r rhain ymlaen oherwydd, mae'n ddysgu'r rhain oherwydd i ddim yn ymlaen i'r rhain oherwydd, a dim byddai'n rherwydd i'r rhain oherwydd i ddim yn ymlaen i'w rhain oherwydd. Yn 2009, mae'n cyfrifio'r cyrfrydau ar gyfer cyfnodol yn ôl iawn i'r cyfrifio. Those are a number of things. First of all, we have to make it easier for consumers to be able to change their electronic communication provider. We want more competition, we want more energy in the marketplace. So for example they need to be able to transfer their number easily, we put in provisions for that. They need more information about the quality of service they get. What is the real speed of the broadband we are getting? And also they need more pre-contractual information before they make a decision. We do not want them locked in to excessively long contracts because we are at the speed at which technology is advancing a new service office coming in. It is quite clear that the excessively long contracts say longer than two years are often disadvantageous for consumers even dancer offish that they look quite good up front. All of these things are now in, and we are now dependin' on the regulators at national level i weld neitherwch, and we put new provisions for the regulators to collaborate much more closely together through a new body of European regulators and we'll also be putting pressure on them to step up that consumer facing activities. As part of the package whae rwy'o we put through So we had the users rights directive but we also made some important reforms to the so called e-Privacy directive eisiau ystyried tarwch yn gynharu ar gyfer yr unig yn cyd-בהwyr gwylo i fynd i'r bywm ynifieddol mewn siaradau, ac trefnu i'r gwneud i ni gwybod o'r cyfrymain fel yr aeithaith yn gweithio wahanol am gyfriaddio cyfwyr yn cynhyrch ymlaen i bryd i ddechrau'r cyllid yw'r ddataf yn gwneud ar y cyfrifiad ei wörthfu yn ymgyrchu. Mae hyn yn fwy o unrhyw twdd o gwirionedd yw dyleu'r hynod o gyfennol o'r sefydlog Llywodraeth a'r amgylcheddau yma ar wladau i'w ddyn nhw yn bau ahogriol ac mae'r gwerthfawr wedi'u bobl sy'n ei wneud nad oedlai ar cwair yr yna yma. Rwy'n credu i atreddad â'u oedden nhw i oedd yn gweithio'r eich cyffredin air pan速 thosegaf â'r cyffredin sy'n hefyd, ni'n gibwyr arnyn nhw. Roedd y mynd i'r cyffredin, y fan hynny caf oes ystod yn gweithio'r cyffredin. ac y cyfnodd cyd-farn iawn yn gweithio'r cyfnodd dynu'r cyd-farn iawn yn gweithio'r cyd-farn iawn. Mae yna mwy o'i gŷch gwych, ac dyna'n gwych cyd-farn iawn yn gweithio'r cyd-farn iawn, ac mae'n gweithio'r cyd-farn iawn i'r gŷch ar gyfer y dynu, ond mae'r ddataethau throttle yn gweithio'r cyd-farn iawn. Rwyf wedi cael ei wneud i'r cyllid, mae yna'n gallu cyngorol yn cyfrifoedd Cymru. I'm not being involved directly in that because in a way it was not part of my original brief. But I mean I'm happy to be engaged in that process because the debate has gone on between data privacy advocates and national governments. But it seems to me the political intent is very clear and if there are still any concerns we should be getting back to that. And I'm ready to become re-engaged in the debate if necessary. Our data protection, we have to look at the general data protection directive. The first point I would make is that at the moment we do have a fragmented position. For electronic communications providers they're covered by the general provisions of the e-privacy directive. But that doesn't apply to holders of data generally whether it's online or offline. So for example things like data breach notification definitely need to be incorporated into general data protection law. Mrs Redding has indicated that she will take the provisions that we drafted because Parliament drafted those in the e-privacy directive into the more general domain. Now that's just the first point. I think that the real problem that we have is that we do not have a harmonised set of data protection rules across the European Union. And yet in the digital economy and the digital single market and particularly as cloud computing moves forward. So consumers data will be held in different countries and different parts of the cloud that we do need to have a rationalisation of that. And that will mean a move in my view towards common set of rules that will be enforced by regulators nationally on the lines of telecommunications with that network of regulators engaged in working closely together. And so that a company will have a single data controller in one country in the European Union but will then be responsible for data held in every part of the European Union. And there will be an interchange of information between the different regimes. Now I think that's what Mrs Redding may well propose and we're some way from the proposal on reform yet she's consulting on it at the moment. But on the other hand I think the harmonisation rules will remain very difficult to do as we've already seen in my area of consumer protection. That harmonisation that people say well harmonisation is fine but provided it's not at the level that's operated in this country or that country because we think that's too excessive. And consumers in those countries will say well we're going to lose protection. So we have a difficult road ahead on this.


How long does it take you to pray? Five times five, 25 minutes, half an hour, times 60 years, you're barely meeting Allah with a year and a half of worship out of 60 years. That's a problem that needs fixing. So Rasulullah show us how to fix the problem. Before you go to sleep, you make dua, you intend your sleep for Allah, there goes eight hours added to the worship. You wake up from sleep, you make dua to Allah. Alhamdulillah, Al-Ladhi Ahiyana, b'adama amatana wa ilayhi al-nushur, bismillah, itawakkalna al-Allah, wa la hawla wa la quwwata illa billah, asbahna wa asbahal mulkuni, la yugo maikudu, salatah. The eight hours of work added to your worship.  Because what kills us, what gives us sick, the food that you eat. So you're saying ya Allah, make this food blessing and take the sickness away from it. That's what means Allahumma barik, take the sickness and put the blessing. This poor person, I was paying attention like, why Allahumma barik lana fee ma razaqtana? And it occurred to me, a billion people out of, one billion to two billion people are under poverty line in the world. All what they can afford is a piece of bread. Where is the mineral and the proteins and the vitamins and the faties, acids and the fats, they tell you, you have to have these, all of this.  And you're going to eat it. That's all what you can afford. You say, Allahumma barik lana fee ma razaqtana? I say, Allah, your razaq to me is this piece of bread. I'm not going to be unhappy with you. Just bless it. Bismillah. And you eat.  She's eating a piece of bread and she's healthier than both of them. What's happening? Allahumma barik lana fee ma razaqtana? The Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, milk and dates, for days, for months, how is he surviving?


For you, dominated the glass, and then you had those five blocks. How are you able to be so successful and get into those spots to block those shots? It's becoming easier with more experience that I'm getting out there on the court. Just being in the right spot, my timing is there, and guys aren't fouling there. They're holding them up, and I'm just there for my teammates. And as Jacques found this question post game, the conversation about this team being sometimes teams playing against you guys, they play big, you guys are smaller. Do you think the way you guys have played this, particularly you, that part of the conversation can end now at this point? How you guys have been so successful? I hope so. I mean, everybody, especially early in the season, they need this, they need a big, they need this, they need that. But we have everything we need when everybody on the court is locked in and we're all scrambling, playing hard. We have another wing to where it gives bigger guys fits like it did tonight against a valentunist. So yeah, we go everything we got in the locker room and we just got to keep building. Jacques told us that this game stands out more because of the circumstances. Shots weren't falling, but you guys are able to tap it in that second half. What change wants it out to you? We just stuck with it.  Second, I think we had 38 points in the second half. Like, that's a great defensive half for us. We just need to put together, you know, consistently put together four games like that and we see we know we're capable of doing it. So we just got to come out with that mentality for 48 minutes instead of 24 minutes. But we got it together in the second half. And what does it say about a group when shots aren't falling? You saw Royce have a great bounce back from Wednesday night. Kyrie, nothing was falling for him. But then he had those big threes in that fourth quarter. What does it say just about the confidence and the trust that you guys have? Yeah, I mean, you said it just now, the confidence, the trust is big. Just just trusting in each other, rocking with whoever's out there on the court and just knowing that those guys out there going to hit those shots.  And I had to ask you about all star voting. You're ninth right now in the foreign court. You told me before that it's coming of you. We're used to this now. You deserve that respect. But what does it mean to see your name up on that list? I mean, it was dope. I'm to be honest, I wasn't expecting it. But it was it was dope to see my name there. And I got a lot more work to do to get my name higher up that list and see if I can make it to Utah.