Check check Pettah check one two Hello and welcome to another video In this video I'm just going to quickly run through what I had and what I took with me on the good start The Cleveland way The weight of my bag was I'm putting it there because I don't know at the moment And bear in mind I've got back and I've been on multiple multiple day hikes since then So I've just chucked together what I think I took with me And here we are having a look at it together Right let's start with the bag The bag itself is the Osprey Exos 48 2022 version And there are slight differences from the older versions Especially the version that I had and got used to And I have done a separate video slash I'm going to do a separate video which I'll link here That's on my second channel And that just details a few of the differences between these two bags And was it worth the upgrade? Check on there to find out Right what did I wear during it? Sorry if this isn't a good video guys But it's what a lot of people have asked me to run down what I took with me So I set off in just clothes wise I got this It's just a running vest that I got free when I did some running stuff There's that Again shorts they're just running shorts they used to have a liner in them But I just cut that netting out so that you can be a bit freer in there For nut It's the Outdoor Research and it does come with a sun protector for the back of it Which I wish I'd taken with me but I didn't Socks that I had on to set off in are these Darn Denied Washing That's for sure These are the Middarn Tuff socks Gators are the Montane These little gators are coming well handy just to go over the top of your shoes To stop little bits of stones and bits and pieces getting in And then eventually causing you a blister And I reached out to Montane to get some of these plastic bits Cos I go through them at a rate of not Like I go through a couple of these on each long distance hike And they don't sell them separately so you've got to reach out to get them sent to you Which is a bit of a make it out of stronger stuff These are brilliant but that they're just weak They can't keep up I mean shoes of choice were just keep it light weight breathable These are the Lone Peak Fives Ultra Lone Peak Fives I think I've done a video on these But these are brilliant They've got a really wide toe box to give you a foot room to sort of swell Which it does do And they'll dry out pretty quick if you get them wet And that's the idea anyway On the outside of me as well I have this Patagonia bomb bag Just for carrying bits and pieces in And when I put my bag down don't have a pocket So this is pretty much just my pocket Light the bag The bag On the outside of the bag Right, how are you going to do this? You want to come in here or what? I'll go back a bit then, fair enough you've won You win, I'll go back a bit On the outside of my black diamond trekking poles with the cork handle These are brilliant, I've done some miles like Not much to say about these, I use them to put my tent up So there are no brainer really And for long distance I think poles are pretty important Again on the outside in the front net compartment Which is pretty easy access I have my rain jacket, aka the bin bag Which is that It's a run hill and mountain equipment collab Super lightweight No pockets in it or anything except for that one pocket that I've just seen there This is professional outfit guys, c'mon That's on the outside so you can just chuck that over myself Also on the outside two water bottles A bigger one and then a smaller one that I can access As I'm walking through the side pouch And then when I find some water I'll fill this big one And I kept the littler one full of electrolytes as I went In the brain, the top of the bag Shit shovel, speaks for its zen Some wet wipes, done A little thing, it's like a snood thing Done My sun gloves Which will just keep the sun off your hands And stops your hands rubbing when you're using your hiking poles all day And these are outdoor research sun gloves Sed electrolytes These were a lifesaver They really were a lifesaver Because I didn't, I wasn't eating a great deal Till I got to the coast area And they stopped me from bonking out the brilliant Didn't save me on Otis Day though, I still struggled a bit My knife of choice Is my McCallum blades Custom made Little hiking knife Don't think I used it Don't think I used it once Also at the top of here just some compeds to hand These are essential for me on any long distance hike Rain cover, it's for me old DD Rain cover, cos I lost my new one It's up in the house somewhere I just took that with me just to chuck a bag And a power bank, it's an anchor power bank Leave links below for everything People ask me how I charge my phone and stuff on the route It's just a unit, it's one of them units Pretty big Let's get into it main event I've put it in the wrong bag now There should be a first aid bit in here I don't know where it is And in there is compeds Some painkillers, ice cream truck Do you want to get a lolly? Compeds Here are 50 of the tablets, painkillers Plasters, my tick key and mirror And tweezers I keep it pretty simple, that's all in just a plastic zip lock bag Let's get into it man Jacket, didn't need this I don't think I think I maybe used it once when I slept in a graveyard But it's this, it's the Patagonia micro light Or something, or some light jacket Food, I just took sort of Three of these, cos I knew there was going to be Places to eat on route so I didn't take a load of them I've got my water filter Which is just the soya squeeze Mini I think it is And the sinok or kinok water bag Let's put it all in I've got a stabiliser for the gas My gas canister A dry towel for myriad of different things But mainly just for washing out the condensation In the tent of a morning and then draining it Come on, turx, longhandled, titanium spoon For y yamin, camp meals My bread bags didn't use them but They're always coming with me cos they don't weigh anything Stove of choice, I mean I could have gone lighter but Keep it It's the Sota windmaster With a built-in ignition, I love this thing I think it's great, you can get a lot lighter things But I think it's great A bugnet which was used and utilised Which is my C2 Summit Mijnet, that's it for that There was my pot which is the Turx 500 Toothbrush is just a bamboo toothbrush Toothpaste And this which is my CBD from Kent CBD I just have that on a night, just relaxes me Relaxive muscles Helps aid recovery I believe there's a discount code for this I don't know if it is still running but if it is, it's worth a try And I'll leave a link below for that Clothes, didn't take many Just my Aclymer Super lightweight Merino wool layer which is the leggings to match And the top Chuck them on in the night, keep them dry, keep them clean And that's like my pyjamas for at night Now, these These have been a lifesaver for me, me icebreaker I think the Merino, pants They've saved my life on many occasions Not my life but definitely my nut Because of these sacks Now, I like wearing these day to day And on short hikes, these are brilliant because they do have a like You see that, they've got like a liner then You put your junk in there And it sort of keeps it separate from everything And that's fine, I thought that would be really good But there's too much material, there's too much going on And so that just really chafed me up early doors And made the right mess of me So then I switched them out for this Which I like, I did on the Cape Graff Trail as well These came to my aid and ended up being the only ones that are war A spare pair of socks because I like to rotate And down tough, same make, decent socks And then a spare t-shirt Which is just a running t-shirt that I got free And that's it for clubs Electric bag I take this, you know, this is a bit of luxury but I absolutely love it And it blows up the air bed And doubles up also as a light So it's a lantern or a light And you can also charge your phone from it as well Amazing And didn't need to recharge it, lasted me the whole trip So brilliant bit of kit that My head torch, petzel head torch I don't think I used it, maybe used it once But the petzel bindi head torch It's really lightweight so that's coming with me anyway And then things like this A little plug in case you get to a recharge And then batteries for my camera That's it, pillar Sorry for everyone who just watches my videos regularly Or they've seen all this a million times But a few people did ask me to Ask what I took with me on the Cleveland way So this is for you This is me, Trekology, blow-up pillar Extra conflict And that, the Thermarest Uberlight, perfect for me That didn't let me down Did not let me down And I took the sleeping bag of choice With the RAB Neutrino 400 I believe I hope I did take that one with me Can't remember And the tent of choice Was the Gossamer gear, the one Which was perfect, it's super, look at that It's so small, it's so lightweight And everything I just kept so simple Because I knew it was going to be warm And that was an understatement actually It was boiling And that's it, so it didn't weigh a lot I just ate snacks and food as I went And I kept it pretty simple There are things in here I could get my bag lighter And I own a lighter bag I own the Gossamer gear Now forget what it's called But it's a lot lighter, I could have taken lighter things But the way I feel about things like that It's comfort for me It's comfort and Not just physical comfort, mental comfort If you're taking things that you like A few extra Pounds there and there Ain't going to do any difference really It's comfort, this bag is comfortable to wear It keeps it off your back with this mesh A tight mesh layer here It's an amazing pack And everything I had was just comfortable And really comfy So don't worry too much about getting everything super light Because that ain't going to help you Worry about your fitness and comfort I would say Obviously there is a balance in a way You don't want to be taking a duvet But there is a balance to find Between comfort and light weight Nest, nest, nest The more I do these sort of things The more or the less I lean towards Ultra, ultra light A little bit of comfort goes a long way When you're on long distance hikes And that's it, I believe that's it I believe that's it If there is anything I've missed out I do apologise but I'll leave a full list Of everything I've used All the weights will be downstairs as well If you want to check that out it's up to you And I'll be back I'll be back soon actually With my South Downsway hiking video So if you're not subscribed already Consider subscribing On the bell notification if you want to be notified When the first of the South Downsway videos is uploaded It's another heatwave I said I wasn't going to do another heatwave camp but It just turns out that's how it happened Another heatwave camp Another heatwave hike Like that's it Have I missed anything? No I'll probably miss some of it but never mind Take care of yourselves, thanks for watching Bye for now


Hi, welcome to Voices of New England. I'm Cyn, and this is the first episode entitled The Power of Speech. And with me today are speech pathologists Caroline Crosby and Lauren Patter- Peterson. Nice. So, how are you doing today? Good. Great. Happy to be here? Yes, very happy to be here. Okay, well the first question is what is a speech pathologist? Do you want to take this one? You take it, Lauren. I would say a speech pathologist accompanies a lot of things. The name itself I think doesn't even really do justice to what we do. Communication specialists I would say, but also we can deal with swallowing and cognition. I personally do a lot of social communication work, so I work with high schoolers in social groups. So I would say that deals with communication in a lot of different ways and different settings and contexts, whereas you I feel like work with a much broader range of students and ages. Okay, through age. Yeah, so more dealing with like articulation, language development and reading and writing. Right. So then Caroline I'll let you answer this. So why is speech pathology important? Well I think that speech pathology being therapy for speech which is articulation or language which is understanding or listening skills and speaking skills really is a foundational skill for getting along in life or getting through life and it's very much tied to academic progress because most of what we do academically has a foundation in language. Even for example you could say IQ tests are usually language based so if a student has a disability in an area of language that could impact their IQ score, it could impact their school success. I always say a class even like science even though it obviously deals with scientific you know subject matter is always a reading class first. Absolutely. So much of what kids do is reading and that has to, reading is a higher order form of listening because it's taking in information and so writing would be a higher form of speaking and so much of what everybody does in our daily lives have to do with speaking or social interaction, social language, yeah. So what got you interested in the field in the first place? For me I was in college I had no idea what I wanted to do I'm still not even sure but I took a few deaf studies classes and there I met a bunch of speech pathologists and I guess just kind of got interested in it. I was always interested in the medical field, psychology and linguistics but I didn't really want to go to medical school I felt like that was kind of a big commitment and I was at that point very commitment phobic. So speech pathology really worked for me and then specifically working at a high school I feel like connecting with teenagers at a time right before they're making a big transition to whatever they're doing next is really important and you mentioned the social piece as being something that is really valued I think in pretty much any workplace that they'll go to. Even being almost by yourself working in IT in an isolated setting is still social you're still being social in one way or another so I feel like having some foundational skills in that way is so important at least that they can fall back on that's why I like it. I totally agree I think social language is a very important part of language and communication and the reason how I got interested in speech pathology is I was in theater and the voice coach at the American Repertory Theater had a job listening to us and giving us vocal notes you know you need to articulate this better or be careful that your S's don't get muddy on when you're singing that song and I've always done accents and loved doing character pieces you know I was never cast as the Anshino I was always cast as the funny Scottish landlady. So I think speech and articulation really was what drew me to speech pathology and then I learned about the brain and information processing and it's a passion that I have to this day is how different people process information. Well speaking of S's as somebody who is interested in doing voiceover work I do voiceover and I sing as well the whole saying the word S but and same goes with like plosives and not puffing into the microphone so are there any like hints of how you would correct that with but still maintain saying the letters because I know you still have to say the letters. So I guess you would just be careful not to over articulate sometimes with students who have difficulty producing sounds we might train them to over articulate but if a performer's having difficulty popping peas and bees and things like that you might you might speak to them about not over articulating. But how much of us actually think that we're over articulating and just speaking normally and outcomes a that is the basis of articulation therapy. Oh okay so that was one aspect of sort of the challenges that people face so what are some of the easy and the hard things about speech pathology and I think for me the easiest thing is just appreciating the students I think every student is different and unique and valuable and you know working with teenagers I was saying earlier it can be I can feel like very out of touch working with them you know even though I feel like I'm not too far away from them in age but I can always learn something from them and they kind of keep me on my toes and I like to use a lot of puns and I go on the speech path you know so I think I think that's the easiest thing it's just kind of appreciating them I think working in the public school is something that's just always going to be hard working in public service is getting you know the resources that we need and making sure that we have enough time to do everything because I think first for my case load at least I feel like I'm always have something I always have at least ten other things that I need to be doing at any given time which I know is true for a lot of us so I think it's it's harder to manage all of the things that we need to do but it's easy to love the kids. What about you Caroline? I completely agree with you and I think the easiest thing for me is appreciating the students and getting a kick out of them and having fun with them and the harder things are the more bureaucratic tasks that I have and learning how to do like 80 hours a week in 40 hours a week and I completely agree with at any given time there are ten things I could be doing and should be doing but I can't do all of them at once. I don't teach you about the bureaucracy in grad school so you both work in public schools yes and there are people who do this like on a private basis have you considered yeah I actually do work at a private clinic just one on one day a week part-time and so I do some social groups there and I like it and I think I just I believe in the public school system so I want to continue working in there as long as I can but I mean one of the great things about speech pathology is there's a lot of flexibility in the setting that we could potentially work in so you know private clinic work has always been something that's sort of on my radar and I'll probably keep it in the back burner for a while but I do want to keep public schools in the forefront regardless of the bureaucracy and the menial things we have to do in half the time but I completely agree I believe in public education and I like the public education setting and I do think speech pathology as a profession is a profession where you can keep your self entertained for many years because you can work with pediatrics you can work with geriatrics you can work in high schools junior highs elementary schools you can specialize in voice or fluency which most people would think of as stuttering or language or deaf and hard of hearing there's so many different areas in speech pathology that it's sort of like one degree that will get you very far in life so when you started on your path is there anybody who either inspired you or that you want to thank for sort of pushing you in this direction yeah I was thinking a lot about this question because I think the people that keep me motivated every day are my students and my great team of colleagues that I have I did have one really awesome deaf professor in college who really encouraged me because at the beginning of my deaf education I was a hearing person and I didn't sign and she was a deaf person and didn't speak so we had to figure out how to communicate with each other and she would always encourage me to keep trying figure out a way to get me to understand of what you're saying and I kind of always carry that with me just because I know that there's going to be challenging students or problems that I won't know the answer to but I know that you know with my team and with my students if I just keep going you know I will be able to eventually figure out at least a way to satisfy my search you know so I completely agree. She agrees with me. Was that the third or the fourth time you said that. I'll let you go first and then I'll agree with you. I think my students inspire me and even if there's a difficulty that difficulty inspires me to figure out how to work through it and how to help a student and the colleagues that I work with are hands down the best in the world. I learn from them every day and I rely on them and I'm very appreciative when they rely on me and that kind of makes up my world on a day to day basis. Cool so now supposing I wanted to become a speech pathologist. You can, you should. What sort of training would I need? How would I go about becoming? Well you need a master's degree in communication disorders and I happen to have gotten my undergraduate in communication disorders and then my graduate degree in communication disorders but you can have an undergraduate in almost anything and then get a master's in speech pathology which is communication disorders. Cool do you agree? I completely agree. Well is there anything else that you want to make sure people know about speech pathology? I think it's a great profession. Yeah I think it's a wonderful profession I think being an occupational therapist and a physical therapist are equally noble and great professions and those professions also lend themselves to working pediatrics or geriatrics or in an outpatient therapy setting and I think I think any student today should be mindful and interested in any one of those areas. I guess we should throw social work in there. For sure I mean it's all a team like we need each other I think it's just really important for each piece and each lens to have a voice in the conversation for the student or the patient that we're working with because everybody has their unique skill set and if a social worker recommends something that I didn't even think of I'm so grateful that they were at the table with me or in that conversation with me. So I think a lot I think people I would hope that young people would consider you know OTPT or speech or social work as you know an area to consider because of the opportunities you have in that career. And I completely agree. We completely agree. Well thank you for joining me on Voices of New England. I'm Sin. We'll see you next time.


David Harding, Calder Spot, presented by the makers of the Honey Candy Bars. And today the makers of delicious Old Nick and Bitter Honey Candy Bars present a special offer that means money saved for you. We homemakers know that slicing knives with blades that are hollow ground usually cost two dollars and more. But we offer you today a 13 inch stainless steel slicing knife with a special process hollow ground blade for only 25 cents in coin with two wrappers from either Old Nick or Bitter Honey Candy Bars sent to Old Nick box 144, New York 8, New York. We'll repeat the address and complete details later. So have pencil and paper ready. Calling Washington. United States Calder Spies especially appointed to investigate and combat the enemies of our country both at home and abroad and to secure for every American the rights which are his under our constitution. Send Mr. Butler in now, please. Mr. Tiffin? That's right, Mr. Butler. Come right in. Sit down. Thank you. I don't mind telling you that your phone call earlier this morning aroused a great deal of curiosity. I'm glad to hear that, Mr. Tiffin. It should make things easier for me. Tell me, Mr. Butler, why did you come all the way to Kelby, Pennsylvania? Why did you choose the Kelby National Bank? There must be a score of other banks closer to Hollywood, which would serve your purpose. Oh, we could have picked any number of banks, Mr. Tiffin. But none would be as authentic at this particular scene we wanted to film. There's quite a trend, you know, in making the so-called documentary type of picture real people in real locations. Oh, yes. Mrs. Tiffin and I have seen several pictures like that. Well, then you know the realism we're looking for. We're filming the life of Pretty Boy Lovedin. Oh. Yes. Of all his hold-ups, well, the most spectacular took place right here. I'll never forget that, dear. I was standing near the teller's cage when it happened. That's exactly what we want to show. You and the regular personnel of this bank. Me? Oscar Tiffin in a moving picture? Why not? Could anyone else act the parts of realistically? What would this entail in the bank's part in? When would you like to do it? Not the most to our interruption in your normal routine. Oh, is that all? That's all. We'll shoot the scene without sound so that any extraneous noises wanted to rough the shooting. I will put the sound on film later. As for when we'd like to do it, the sooner the better. Tomorrow morning if possible. Tomorrow? Yes. I've got my crew standing by and time is money in any business, Mr. Tiffin. Oh, yes. I wish other businesses would learn that. Of course, tomorrow's Friday, and I imagine with payrolls and everything. Oh, that's not a problem, particularly if it'll only take two hours. Our bank is organized efficiently enough to handle its business even with a little interruption. Then tomorrow will be all right? Yes, Mr. Butler. If you can finish before 11.30. Perhaps even before that. I see. Will there be any stars in this scene? No, I'm sorry. We're using doubles. These will be long shots. We'll take close-ups of the stars back in Hollywood. I see. Just one thing more. I want to arrange for a police guard to keep curiosity seekers out of camera range. Oh, yes, of course. Certainly. You see the mayor. He'll take care of you. In fact, I'll phone him and tell him you're coming. Oh, thank you, Mr. Tiffin. That'll be a big help. Good day, sir. Glad to do it. Goodbye. Come in. Come in. Sergeant Lynn? Yep. I'm Mr. Butler. Oh, you're the fellow who's going to turn Kelby Pye into Hollywood Cal. What? Pye and Cal. Little joke on the abbreviation. Oh, yes. Well, Sergeant. You know all about it. Commissioner Colton said the mayor said to give you all the cooperation in the world. Well, I can't do that, but I can give you all the cooperation in Kelby Pye. That will be sufficient, Sergeant. Now, what I want... You got him. Give you the money. Now, what I want... You got him. Give you the best men on the force. 9.30 tomorrow morning, Commissioner said. Isn't that right? Yes, it is.  Well, there'll be... Well, my wife, Agatha, is a regular depositor there. She'd be glad to help you out. Always hankering after movies anyhow. Be true to life. Two sticks every cent I make in there. I'll be happy to have your wife in the picture, Sergeant. What time you want her to be there? The same time you come with the police. Right. 9.30 it is. I'd better call her and tell her all about it. Give her a chance to print up some. You know how a woman is about those things. I understand. See you tomorrow morning, then. Right here, Mr. Butler. We're going to start shooting in a few minutes. Gotcha. Everything's all set out here. Got officers at both ends of the block, divert in traffic, and these men here will hold back the pedestrians. Good, good. Now, I'll give you a picture of what's going to happen so that none of your men can get into camera range. I'm listening, Mr. Butler. How's Agatha doing? Agatha? Oh, fine. Excellent. Just the type we need for the picture. Yeah, very good. Now, you know we're shooting as silent. Yep. But there still may be plenty of sound made. People yelling, guns shooting, or perhaps even the burglar alarm will be set off. I see. I want to mirror the sound of the excitement in the faces of the people in the picture. Gotcha, Mr. Butler. Now, first after the robbery, I'll back out of the door there. Then, the two cameramen will come after me and we'll all get in the first car. All right. Then, Mr. Black and Miss Smith will come out with drawn guns and get into the second car. I see. We'll both speed off and as soon as we've turned the corner, you can let things go back to normal. Unless, of course, we need another take. It's all straight. One thing more. Mr. Tiffen and some of the bank employees will come out shouting, help robbery police. Don't get between them and the camera. I want some shots of that. You bet. Now that that's straight, I guess we'd better get started. See you, Sergeant. Well, Mr. Tiffen, are you all ready? Yes, yes, but I haven't met them. Oh, of course. Mr. Black, Mr. Oscar Tiffen, president of the Kelby National Bank. Mr. Black is our version of Pretty Boy Loved. How do you do? I am. And this is Miss Smith, Pretty Boy's girlfriend. Hello. How do you do? Haven't I seen you someplace before? That's not an original line, Mr. Tiffen. Oh, no, no, I didn't mean... Well, that is... No, really, I'm sure I've seen you in a picture perhaps. Baby, up there. Yes, she gets around, maybe a hand. All right, come on, let's get started. Right, Mr. Black. Mr. Tiffen, will you get in back of the teller's enclosure? Certainly. All right, now, everybody, I'll be talking all through this. React the way I want you to. Cameras ready? All right. Good. All right. Let them roll. Go to work, Mr. Black. Okay, everybody, this is a stick-up. A little more frightened, please. Keep your hands at your side stand still and nobody will get hurt. Ah, that's the way. Baby. Yeah, Pretty Boy. Get the cages cleaned out to go. Every son of it. Right. Good, good. Be all stricken, Mr. Tiffen. Come on, baby, step on it. Don't really touch the money. You heard the man, Mr. Tiffen. And I'll tell you a secret. That gun hasn't got blanks. It's got real bullets. Why? You see, this picture is going to be the last word in realism. We're robbing your bank for Keats. You'll notice the cameraman have guns also. And they're loaded too. How you doing, baby? One more case to go. Well, you can't do this. Why not call for the police then? They're expecting it. Or you could set off the burglar alarm. They're waiting to hear that. All right, big shut. You're not on the stage now. Cut the hammon. I got it all. Okay. Now, listen. Anybody gets wise. Comes running out right after it stops running permanently. You get it? Let's go. Stick to the plan. I go out first. Those two hoods follow me and then you come. Okay, okay. But step on that ham bone. I'm getting nervous. Come on, you two. How's it going, Mr. Butler? Perfect, Sergeant. Perfect. Haggers are all right. Wonderful. In the car, you two. Someone comes out here before the car starts, gets a bullet out of this gun. All right, get in the bus, baby. Right. All right, let's get out of here. Yes, Peter. Any details? 200,000. Why are our nearest counters by office? Have them send out a mobile laboratory. Right, Chief. I'll order a plane. You stand by for further details. We'll leave for Kelby as soon as we can. Honest, Gus. Did you ever see a look to match that banker's face when I told him it was a real holdout?  She just passed right out. That was Agatha, the sergeant's wife. I'll bet he's hearing from her right now. Look, Marty, let's not be so happy about this. We're not out of it yet. What are you worrying about, Gus? We switched cars, paid off the boys, and still have over 150,000. We're heading for New York. I won't be happy until we're there. I don't like it out in a stick. How much do you pay those guys, Marty? 10,000 a piece. For the highest fee any cameraman ever got for such little work. You know, I have. We should take some pictures. I'd give anything to see how I look. That'd be all we'd need, Dolly. Here, pictures of us. Stick to your driving, Gus. We want to make New York by morning. Dolly. What? I did. Did what? Took pictures. What? What's the matter with you two? Nothing, Gus. Nothing. I just got rid of my stockings. That's a dame for you. I'm kidding, Marty. Yeah. Cameras loaded with film. She'd have the whole thing in here. Gus isn't going to like that. We'll destroy it after we see it. Trouble is, I don't know how to get it printed. Can't send it to a commercial laboratory. I know a guy does that work. Makes movie. We just can't get back. He's okay. I've got enough on him to hang him. He'd do it for free for me. I'd like to see them. Yeah, so would I. I'd better not tell Gus. Not tell the Reddy anyway.  It's a surprise, Gus. I don't like surprises. Why don't you get some sleep? I'm not going to drive this bus all night. One of you will have to take over later. Right, Gus. I'll get some shut-eye and take over whenever you say. Excuse me, folks. Will I sleep the sleep of the idle rich? We'll continue our David Harding counterspire case for Old Nick in a moment. I wish there was some way you could look into your radio there and see what I've got in my hand. Because if you could actually see this stainless steel slicing knife, you'd know what a remarkable value it is. It's guaranteed to compare with knives costing 75 cents to $1. Because of a new secret process, we've been able to have this knife hollow ground. And that's a feature usually found only in knives costing $2 or more. But you can have one of these knives for only a quarter with two wrappers from delicious Old Nick or better honey candy bars. Mrs. Clarendon, will you describe this knife for our listeners? As you homemakers probably know, a slicing knife is long and slim. Adaptable for use either as a butcher knife or as a carving knife. Our stainless steel slicing knife is nearly 13 inches long. Because it's stainless steel, it's easy to clean. It keeps it silvery luster for a lifetime. Our slicing knife is hollow ground, which means it has an extra keen cutting edge, like a fine carving knife. The handle is polished blonde hard wood, designed to fit your hands smoothly and comfortably with a non-slip grip. I know you'll find this is one of the most useful knives you've ever had in your home. Friends, send today for your stainless steel slicing knife. For each knife you want, send 25 cents in coin and two wrappers from either Old Nick or better honey. Send to Old Nick Box 144, New York 8, New York. Please use coin. Do not use stamps or checks. I know you'll enjoy using your stainless steel slicing knife because many people have sent in a second time. That proves that they like the knife and that they think it's a remarkable value. Remember, that's two wrappers from Old Nick or better honey candy bars with 25 cents in coin sent to Old Nick Box 144, New York 8, New York. This offer must be withdrawn very soon, so be sure of your stainless steel slicing knife. Now, back to our Old Nick David Harding counter-spy case. I don't think I'll ever be able to live this down, Mr. Harding, not happy. Mr.  You have to be taken in by such a fantastic scheme. Well, a less fantastic scheme probably wouldn't have been successful. You've read out pranksters of open street excavations or imposters of posed as foreign diplomats. As a matter of fact, we have records telling us how moving vans have been backed right up to closed-down homes and the contents just taken away. All in broad daylight with no attempt at secrecy. I certainly had a bold plan this time, Mr. Harding. Well, that very boldness did half of the criminals work for them. I'm not sure that I wouldn't have been taken in by this scheme myself. I wired to the address this butler gave me and got back a very impressive answer. Well, I'm having that address checked now. Probably it's just a mail drop. The whole thing is so incredible. Now, try to calm down, Mr. Tiffin. See if you can describe the people involved. This man, Mr. Harding, this man, Butler. You remember what he looked like? I'll never forget. Let's have the description then. He was five feet nine or ten, blue eyes, bald-headed, pale complexion and a little red mustache. A very smooth talker. Yes, I can imagine. What about the other two who were supposed to be actors? Well, they both had makeup on. A man I can't tell you much about. He just impressed me as a Hollywood-type gangster. And the woman? Now, there's something. I'm sure I've seen her before. Oh, you have? But I can't for the life of me. Remember, where or when. On a trip someplace, perhaps? I just don't know, Mr. Harding. Well, forget about it for a while. Those things can't be forced. Now, anything else you can think of? Something can happen during or before the robbery. Oh, yes. There was one thing that struck me a little queer. What was that? The tough. The man was supposed to be pretty boy Lufton. He told Butler to stop hamming, that he wasn't on a stage. Oh. He made it sound like Butler was the actor instead of him. And he was because he certainly fooled me. And of you other people. Oh, thank heaven for that. It takes some of the edge off my stupidity. Oh, Peter, did you get anything out of the sergeant? Nothing but volcanic eruptions, chief. I've never seen a man so angry. You can hardly blame him. State troopers just called in. They found two abandoned cars about 20 miles out of town. One of them a station wagon. Both answered the description of the cars used in the hold-on. We better get out there then. Well, I've got it, Mr. Harding. What? The girl where I saw her before. Yeah? It was in a picture. An actress? Well, yes. We had a businessman's dinner about four or five months ago. We showed some commercial pictures. She was in one of them. Would you know where you got them? No, I don't. But the secretary of our entertainment committee would know. Well, call him and get the address. Then stay here until you hear from me. I'll get in touch with you as soon as we look over those abandoned cars. Now, they switched cars here, all right, chief. Bronson from our laboratory says there are impressions of three different sets of tires. Well, there's this makeup kit that interests me. Tiffin said the two actors wore makeup. I don't know much about the theater, but this looks like a professional kit to me. New York manufacturer. You can't try tracing it. Yeah, we will. What about the car, stolen? Yes, the station wagon belongs to a New York florist. Bronson scraped off that picture production's label on the door. The florist's name was underneath. New York. One crook tells another to stop hamming a makeup kit. Plenty of theater in this crown. The whole idea was theatrical. And it worked. Is there a phone in this laboratory unit? Yes, chief. Who are you going to call? Tiffin. I want to find out if he's got the address of the place where his club got those filmed, huh? This is Harding, counterspy mobile unit. Please connect me with Mr. Tiffin at the bank of Kelby. One moment, sir. Thank you. That's a funny thing. When Pretty Boy loved and held up the bank at Kelby, he got just about the same amount of money. It took him longer to do the job, though. Hello? These modern crooks with their new equipment. Oh, hello, Mr. Tiffin. This is Harding. Oh, yes, sir. I got that address. Good. May I have it? Everything's in New York. Except us. You'll remedy that. Mr. Tiffin. Yes? Can you take time off from the bank for a trip to New York? Yes. Well, I hope it will. Pack some clothes. You may be a dare to. We'll go right in. We'll go right out to the airport. You counterspies work fast, Mr. Harding. I never dreamed I'd be at LaGuardia Airport this evening. Speed's half the battle against crime, Mr. Tiffin. Have you got everything straight, Peter? Yes, too. I checked the manufacturer of the makeup kit and then dropped in on Jenna one, looked through his film catalog for the girl. Right. And keep in touch with you through Brewster of Theatrical Weekly. That's right. And we're going to see him, Mr. Harding? Yes. He's one of the editors. Theatrical Weekly probably has more pictures of actors on file than any other place. I've asked Brewster to search through those files and check out every actor's picture that fits the description you gave us. You'll have a thousand of them to look at at least. I'm willing and able, Mr. Harding. Well, I hope you feel the same way at the end of the night. All right, Peter, get going. I'll hear from you by phone. Mr. Harding, 827 pictures of actors 30 to 35 years old, 5 feet 8 to 5 feet 11 inches tall, including elevator shoes. Oh, Mr. Brewster, I said bald also. You don't know actors, Mr. Harding. There are no bald ones between 30 and 35. They don't know where to pay, particularly when they have their pictures taken. Oh, dear me. I know, Mr. Tiffin. Do you think you could detect some resemblance, even if he is wearing a toupee? It's possible. I'll tell you what. You lay aside any picture that looks even fainter like this man, Butler. Then I'll have all those retouched and you can go over them again. Well, I'll try, Mr. Harding. Good. Mr. Brewster, have you got any spot where Mr. Tiffin might look at these pictures undisturbed? Next office, we'll carry the pictures in there. Just put them on that desk and pull up a chair. Now, take all the time you want, Mr. Tiffin. Don't overlook a single picture he might fit. I'll do my best, Mr. Harding. Tell me, Mr. Harding, do you really think an actor engineered this job? Well, the circumstances all point to it. Well, then you're in luck. What do you mean? He'll pull some boner, trip himself up somehow. He hasn't so far. The old schemes have been pretty clever. He's played his part beautifully. That's the trouble with actors. They let a good part blind them to a bad play. He'll mess up the end some way, whoever he is. You don't seem to be very fond of actors. Me, I love them, adore them. They're the most charming children in the world, but spare me from their thinking. Go on, I could use a little insight into the psychology of an actor. Well, I have the greatest respect in the world for them as actors, as anything else. No. In fact, they should be quick-frozen. What? Yeah, like meat. You put them in a pot, let them play it. Then when it's over, you put them in a quick freezer until another pot comes along. This way, you don't have to pay them or feed them. All they have to do is act. Which is all they want to do anyway, this screwball. That's a novel idea, at least. Yes, actors should be quick-frozen. Probably the call you were expecting, Mr. Harding. You take it. Oh, thank you. Hello? Mr. Harding. Speaking, Peter. Oh, Chief. You got something? Yes, but I don't believe it. What? It just doesn't happen this way. What are you talking about? Did the makeup kit turn up anything? Makeup. You knew the girl? It makes some sense, Peter. I can't. What? Thanks. Oh, no. How could anybody be so stupid? I'll bite, how? You stay there. I'll be over right away. Don't worry. I couldn't move now. Goodbye. Goodbye. Did something happen, Mr. Harding? They actually took pictures of the hold-up. See? I knew it. I knew it, pull-up owner.  How could anybody... Act of psychology, Mr. Harding. It's not stupidity. It's vanity. There isn't a ham in the world who'd pass up a chance to look at himself acting. Well, that's one picture I'm going to see right now. Genoa, are you going to tell us where the man who brought you this picture lives? I don't know where he lives, Mr. Harding. You just print films for anyone? He was sent by a girl I know, Dali Norton. Of course you had no idea that there was a bank robbery on the film. No, look, I've got nothing to do with bank robbers. I've got my own business. I'm sure you have. What kind is it that gives a crook such confidence in you? That's my affair. You want to arrest me? You've got to prove something. At the moment I'm not interested in the films you're peddling. I'm interested in this man. Why don't you take the picture? Make blow-ups. You can put his face in every post office in the country. You're going to help us do it the easy way. I don't want to get any more mixed up in this than I am already. You think you have a choice? You're going to give the picture to the man who brought it in. And just to make sure you don't get cute, Peters is going to stay here with you. I'll be outside, Peters. If anybody picks up that film, we tail him. Right, Chief? Well, I don't know when he's coming. Who knows how long you'll have to wait? That's all right, Genoa. We've got plenty of time. If you don't cooperate with us, you'll get plenty of time, too. All right, Dali. What is it? What's the idea of this meeting? Surprise, God. What kind of a surprise? Wait till Marty gets it. Is that him? I told you we were finished with him the minute the job was over. No, Gus. You've got to admit it was a good idea. Look all the dough we made. And I don't care. Ever since we tied in with him, I've been unhappy. The way he thinks. It comes at you from left field. Nevertheless, we've still got a lot of dough. Yeah, yeah. And I'd rather do a straight stick up for less cash. That's the way it's going to be from now on. Well, what's this surprise? Well... Come on, come on, Dali. Don't be cute. All right. We've got pictures of the job. You what? There was film in the camera. Well, look.  Don't get excited, Gus. Nobody will see him but us. Oh, no. You can't be on the level. You're kidding, aren't you? No, really. What did Marty do? Take him down to the corner drugstore to be developed? Of course not. I told him about Genoa. He did the job for him. Oh, it's another guy, unanimity. Oh, you know Genoa. He can't see anything to anybody about anything. That was what I got on him. Did you know that he was going to do this, Dali? No, he told me. That's him now. Let him in. Hello, Dali. I got... Oh. I told Gus, Marty. I thought he'd want to see him, too. Come in here, you spindle-headed, bird-grained, barramore. Then, uh, just a minute, Gus. Give me those films before you play the best desk scene you ever played in your life. Oh, look, this whole job was my idea. I got some rights in it. I'll give you rights in the head. Gus, it's done. At least let's look at the pictures, and then we can burn them. What's he going to use for eyes when I get through with them? You've got a lot of money for my idea, Gus. And I'll get a lot of time, too. You give me those films that so help me out. Yoga. Put your gun away, Gus. You heard the lady, Gus. Put it away. I'm applause. Yes, we wouldn't like to shoot. Who are you? United States counterspice. Come on, Gus, drop it. Countership. Al Butler. You'll give Mr. Peters those films? Right here, Butler. But how? You don't know? You can't? Go ahead, Ham Bone. Get an idea for this scene. But I figured something all apart. You had a bad final act, Butler. We didn't like it, so we're rewriting it right now. All right, Peters, bring them along. Mr. Harding will return in just a moment. Here's something interesting. We're getting lots of repeat orders for our special offer of a stainless steel slicing knife. Yes, a great many people have sent in a second time. When they received their first one, they were so pleased with it that they sent in for more. Now, I'm not surprised at that because we guarantee the stainless steel slicing knife could be the equal of knives selling at 75 cents to $1. What's more, it has a blade that is hollow ground. A feature usually found only in knives costing $2 or more. Yet, we offer the stainless steel slicing knife to you for only 25 cents in coin with two wrappers from either Old Nick or Bit of Honey candy bars sent to Old Nick, box 144, New York 8, New York. We can make this offer only by special arrangement with a famous cutlery manufacturer. He is the only one in the country who has this new secret process by which long-lasting stainless steel can be successfully hollow ground. We guarantee that this stainless steel slicing knife would compare favorably with knives costing 75 cents to $1. Even without the special process hollow grinding. But hollow grinding gives this knife longer life, a keener edge, and greater usefulness. So you're really getting extra value an outstanding bargain buy. Now, remember the address. Old Nick, box 144, New York 8, New York. For each stainless steel slicing knife you want, send us two wrappers from either Old Nick or Bit of Honey candy bars and 25 cents in coin. This offer must be withdrawn very soon. So be sure of your quick cut slicing knife. Send your order today. This is David Harding. In the case you just heard, all the parties pleaded guilty. There was nothing else they could do having provided the pictorial evidence themselves. They're serving long terms in the Federal Penitentiary and I understand Butler is quite a hit as a leading man at Leavenworth. Tune in next Sunday, same time, same station for the case of the man with the tattooed eye who successfully buried himself until the counter spies had him fingered by a woman in white. The award-winning case of the recruited nurse on David Harding, Counter Spy. Tonight's David Harding, Counter Spy case was directed by William M. Sweets and dramatized by Palmer Thompson with music by Jesse Crawford and featured Don McLaughlin and Mandel Kramer. David Harding, Counter Spy is a Phillips H. Lord production originating in New York for the makers of Old Nick and better honey candy bars. Now a listening reminder. Nobody knows for certain what is going to happen but Drew Pearson makes astounding predictions of news events to come. Here Pearson tonight. This is ABC, the American Broadcasting Company.


Hey, welcome back to the channel. Today we're going to talk about homesickness. How to cope with homesickness when you are living abroad. You're not going to want to miss it. Here we go. If you don't know me, I'm Tara Holberg, Kiwi Americans. I have moved my family of six from the U.S. to New Zealand and have been living in New Zealand for the last eight years. You can subscribe to my channel. I share the journey and everything and anything I've ever learned from that. I'm also expanding into a lot of other areas that we're talking about in terms of lifestyle, communication, business, so you're going to want to subscribe. Anyway, so today we're jumping into homesickness. This is a question that I get a lot. A lot of people that are thinking about moving abroad, they're thinking about what if I'm homesick? What if I miss my mom and dad, my grandmother, my friends too much? How am I going to cope with that? Is it going to be unbearable? These are all of the questions that we're going to dive into today, so you're not going to want to miss it. So I'm just going to share with you my personal story. If you don't know my story as we moved here 10 years ago, we were here for two years. I had four kids under 12 and then we moved back for two years and then now we've been here for five years total back in New Zealand. And so homesickness. This is a question I get so much from my clients and let's talk about this a little bit. I was not homesick. I was prepared for being homesick. I had talked a lot about it before I came. So I think that this is a common concern that people have. And when I first moved, I was not homesick. Like I would say I had none. And I think it's because the nucleus of my family was with me. Okay. What that would be for somebody traveling alone or moving alone, someone who's traveling with maybe their spouse, but their kids are living somewhere else, I think that would feel different. Now that I've been here for eight years total and I have two kids at home, one that's finishing university and one that's just starting, it's starting to feel different. I have not had homesickness until probably recently, probably in the last year or so. And I think that that's interesting to think about like when you look at the charts and kind of all the processes people typically go through. And I think that that's because I'm going through transition. I'm changing. My home is changing. I have less kids at home. I have, you know, and so where my kids are are all different places around the world. So that's changing. And then that changes your perspective. And so how do you cope with some of the homesickness? Well, let me just be honest with you. Let me be honest with you. To live abroad in 2023 and beyond is way easier than it used to be. Okay. With the rise of technology, you can communicate with your friends and your family often. And it doesn't matter with the time zones or whatever. Like I communicate a lot with my friends on an app called Marco Polo. If you don't have it, go check it out. Maybe I'll put a link in the description for you. This is actually what I use. This isn't a promotion, although I should promote them because they are really great. Marco Polo is like, I can make a video. I can just push, record at any point. I can be doing the dishes, folding laundry, whatever. And I just record my day and what's going on. And then my friend records back and it's I have it with multiple friends and I use it all the time. I use it with family, you know, and that works for me. You have to, there's technology for anything and everything. So you figure out what technology works for you to communicate with various people. We have WhatsApp family chats. We have, you know, Messenger family chats. We have everything, friend groups and this and that.  We have made it a priority, the second time we moved here that we would go back every year. If, you know, if at all humanly possible, we would go back. Obviously COVID, we didn't. And then spend, you know, a couple of weeks with family and that feels great because you have like something really close, significant time. Like, if I live like down the road for my family, I think that living across the world and coming and having significant time for three weeks ends up being more as a whole in terms of quality time. But you do miss holidays. You do miss birthdays. You do miss significant events. You do miss deaths of the family.  Like it is real and you do feel that way. And so I'm just being honest with you. Like, there are disadvantages and that is definitely one of them. But technology really helps. When everything's good, technology really helps.  And it makes it very hard to go back. And so I think that we just need to have some real talk about this. I would love to hear your experience if you've been living abroad and how you kind of cope with home sickness. Have I cope with it really well? Probably not. I feel like I'm right in the middle of figuring out how to cope with it. I think I am going to visit. I'm leaving next week to visit. I'm going traveling around Europe for a bit and then spending some long time in the States because I can kind of work from anywhere. And so I'm excited about that. But then there's also relationships. Let's talk about that. Like, your relationships change.  And so when you go back and everybody else has been kind of doing the same thing. And to you as the outsider who's changed a lot and it doesn't seem like, you know, they've grown or changed or improved. You're like, huh, like everybody's literally doing the same thing. I could like picture it exactly in my mind how it would work. And so, yeah, that's, that's interesting. But that necessarily true. Like, they could have grown a lot. It's just like when you don't have a lot of time with someone you don't know, but you start to feel that. So after eight years, you start to feel that there's like a whole huge gap of life that you've missed. Their kids have definitely grown up. You've missed that. You've definitely missed the, you know, just the banter, the holidays together, all of that. And so I think that while you can cope with it for with technology a lot and it makes a lot, I would say that my friendships have not diminished at all. The ones that I wanted to keep and I keep talking to have not diminished at all. So like when we see each other, it's like we've never left. And so that's really good. I think family is a little bit different. I think that your parents get older.  And so this is why we committed to going back every year so that our kids were still connected with family, that we're still connected with family. And, you know, it's, it's not the most ideal, but it's pretty good to be honest. It's pretty good. If I could live in my ideal world, if money didn't matter and kids weren't in school and all these different factors, I would probably live in the States half the year and New Zealand half the year or, you know, a significant portion and then maybe travel for, you know, maybe like a third to third third and do that. Like in my ideal world, I would do that. I think that I would like that. Maybe I wouldn't like that. And if I do do that, I will share that with you. I hope this little insight and my experiences were helpful. Please comment below like your questions and your experiences because I would love to hear them and I would love to connect with you. If you liked this video, please subscribe. Please like the video so that I know that it was helpful. I am leaving next week for Europe for three weeks. I am going to the UK, London, Paris, all around France, Italy, Switzerland. Give me your recommendations. I haven't never been there. And so I love you guys and I know some of you live there. Some of you travel there often. Some of you used to live there. Give me your recommendations. I would love to know and anything you want me to try. I'll do that because I'm going to be making videos as I go along as much as I can. And then I'll be spending like six weeks in the States. And so let me know what you want to see there. If you want me to try certain foods or do certain things, let me know because I'm going to be there for a while and can actually record some things for you there as well. So I would love your tips. Please comment below and I will see you guys next week.


So welcome to NFC hacking the easy way. My name is Eddie Lee. I'm finding a cold right now so I got a sore throat and if I start hacking or if you hear me sniffling, bear with me, please. Louder. All right. I'll get closer to the mic. All right. So I'm a researcher at Blackwing Intelligence. We recently rebranded ourselves from Praetorian Global. We're pretty small boutique security firm right now and we just relaunched our website this week. So it's at BlackwingHQ.com. We're always looking for interesting security projects so if you guys want to contact us and have us break stuff for you, feel free to contact us. So I'm also a member of Digital Revelation.  We won one of the first black badges at DEF CON X. I don't know if DT remembers this or not but I think it was me that gave him the idea of giving free membership, lifetime membership to anyone with a black badge. So if anyone out there that has a black badge, you can thank me for that. And then finally, I am not an RFID or NFC expert. One of the reasons for me writing this tool is for me to actually learn about this stuff. If you want to talk about waveform analysis or ISO protocols and things like that, I'm not the person to talk to. So just a little primer information before we get started. So RFID, it operates in a broad range of frequencies from the low kilohertz range all the way to the high gigahertz range. NFC in particular, it runs in the 13.56 megahertz range. The applications that typically you find running in this spectrum are payment cards, library systems, e-passports, smart cards, things like that. Now the standard read distance range is about three to ten centimeters. Of course, there's been research out there where people have been able to increase the range. RFID works on magnetic induction so the reader will power a passive tag. So there actually is a finite distance probably in terms of a read distance. Probably limited to something about 50, 60 feet. I don't know. Other people have done research on that. There are a lot of new Android phones coming out with NFC. So NFC isn't as abundant over here in the U.S. but you can find it in places like Japan. It's a lot more common over there. Now RFID tag basically consists of a transceiver which is a transmitter and receiver, an antenna, and memory or a chip processor. So when you scan an RFID tag, it'll either spit out with memory or do some processing and then spit out some information. Now for this talk, the RFID tags that were interested in particular are the RFID tags that are in credit cards. Visa, MasterCard, all these credit card companies, they have their own proprietary name for the technology they use but really the underlying technology is all the same. It's the same basic RFID stuff. Some terminology here. Proximity coupling devices is another name just for credit card readers or RFID reader. The credit card one is in particular called point of sale terminals. I'll be randomly using these terms interchangeably throughout the talk. Now the communication protocol that's used to communicate between a credit card and a credit card reader is called the EMV standard. This is basically a MasterCard, EuroPay, Visa, they got together in Europe and decided they wanted to come up with a standard for smart credit cards. So this standard is used for both contact based chip and pin credit cards and RFID based credit cards. The protocol is based on ISO 14443 and 7816. The EMV books themselves are about 750 pages long. It's consists of four separate books. Book three is probably the most interesting one in terms of protocol. And then the technical term that's used for the communication that happens between the RFID tag and the reader is APDU. So they pass back basically these bite level commands and responses and those are called APDUs. Okay. So why create NFC proxy? Well, first and foremost it's because I'm lazy. I don't like to read specs and I didn't want to learn this EMV protocol by reading 750 pages or 150 pages of book three. So really I just wanted to get into NFC hacking and RFID hacking and I just wanted to jump in right away without reading the spec. So NFC proxy will have, so what it's designed to do is help with protocol analysis. So we're proxy communication between an RFID tag and a reader. So we're able to capture the communication, the bite level communication between those two devices. And you can go back after the fact after you scan something and look at the protocol. In doing the research for this project I realized there wasn't really all that much information out there in terms of Android and card emulation. We'll talk about that later. And in terms of abusing RFID enabled credit cards, there wasn't all that information out there either. We've known for years where it's pretty trivial to skim an RFID credit card.  So hopefully in the spirit of freeing information and getting stuff out there, people will start using this tool and maybe they'll give the credit card companies an incentive to fix the stuff that's in my wallet. So previous work. So you guys here probably know a major malfunction in his work with RFID. It's basically a Swiss Army tool kit that allows you to explore RFID tags and devices and things like that. In particular, the script that would be pertinent to this stuff here would be the chip and pin, the CHAP.py script in his tool kit. Now there's Pablo's Holdman as well. He's just famous for having his Boing Boing video out there on the web where he's talking to a reporter and showing how easy it is to skim an RFID credit card just by tapping a reader to somebody's wallet. And then there's Eric Johansson's Pone Pass. This is basically the Python script that interfaces with a credit card reader and lets you read off that information through a serial port. And then Kristen Padgett. Kristen Padgett has done a lot of work in the RFID space. Most recently she presented that SMUCon and showed how after skimming an RFID credit card, she took that data and encoded it to a MagStrep card, basically a swipeable card, and used that swipeable card in a real transaction. And then there's all these tag readings and apps out there in the marketplace. They'll read random RFID tags. Though there really hasn't been credit card reading apps out there until recently. I think I saw a couple months ago that in the news there was a headline where they actually had a credit card reading app in the marketplace. So I guess it's relatively new. But really that type of thing is pretty trivial to do. Now, in order to use some of the scripts and software on that previous slide, here's some of the hardware that you would need. Contactless credit card reader, popular brands are VivoPay and Verifone. If you want to buy retail, they start probably around 150 bucks. You can get them off eBay for about 10 to 30 bucks if you find them at the right time. There aren't actually that many on eBay. You can get a card reader, like an Omni-key. There's a good list of different credit card readers on the RFID site. Then there's Proxmark. I've never actually used the Proxmark tool. But supposedly it's pretty sophisticated and allows you to do sniffing and things like that. But it's a little bit more expensive. And then the Magstrup encoder about 200 to 300 bucks. I've never used that myself either. So what exactly is NFC proxy? Well, it's an open source tool. It's a tool that I created to basically allow people to get into NFC and RFID and just try to figure out how that stuff works. So this tool should hopefully make it easy for you to start learning about the protocols and things like that that happen in between an RFID tag and a reader. And that's done through protocol analysis. The hardware that's required to use NFC proxy are two NFC capable phones. My favorite would be the Nexus S. You can get one relatively cheaply off eBay for about 70 to 90 bucks. There's the LG Optimus. If you're for some reason against getting a used phone, you can get an LG Optimus Elite that just came out. You can get one for 130 bucks without a contract. But that phone is relatively new and there's no custom ROMs for it. So you can only use that on one side of the NFC proxy tool. And it's really not that interesting. So I wouldn't recommend that phone if you want to use NFC proxy. The Nexus S is the one to get. And then Galaxy Nexus, Galaxy S, there's a lot of new phones that are coming out. You can go to that website to see if, to see any new phones that are available. So the software that's required, one phone can be just running stock Android. Either gingerbread, anything that supports NFC or ice cream sandwich and above. I've only tested on gingerbread and ice cream sandwich. Haven't tested jelly bean yet so I don't know how that's going to respond. It should work just fine though. And then at least one phone needs a specific build of signage in mod. Specifically signage in mod 9 and the nightly build between January 20th and March 22nd of this year. Okay. So you're probably wondering why do I need such a specific version of signage in mod. So if you take a look at this GitHub code commit, you'll see on January 20th Doug Yeager checking some code to signage in mod. It says added NFC reader support for two new tag types. I saw PCDA type A and type B. So what that did is it actually enabled the Android phone to detect a credit card reader. So out of the box the Android SDK doesn't allow you to, doesn't get provided a simple way or even, I don't know if it's even possible to do card emulation mode. So you can't detect a reader. You can't pretend to be a credit card out of the box. So Doug added some custom code to signage in mod to enable this card reading ability. However on February 25th you see there that AP, so the code that he added also included a Java API. And on February 25th that Java API was hidden. And if you wanted to write an app for it, it was much harder to kind of use that API. You could still work around it but basically it wasn't that straightforward. And all this stuff is found in the ice cream sandwich ICS branch of signage in mod. Then on March 22nd Doug submitted another commit which said enable Google wallet secure emulation. So Google wallet needs to detect a card reader as well, right? But the code that Doug submitted detects card readers in a different method that Google wallet does. And that was incompatible. So in enabling Google wallet secure element emulation he disabled his prior code commits. So that's why anything after March 22nd any version of signage in mod won't be able to detect a credit card reader. And that's in the NFC.APK package. Let me just step back a little bit though. So when I started to get into this project it was about beginning of February I figured oh I want to do some NFC research. So I bought the Nexus S off of eBay. And the first thing I did was root it and install the latest nightly build of signage in mod. So right away I had that code on my phone. But then I got busy with work and I put the phone down, didn't touch it at all. And then three months later I had some free time and this was sometime in May. I came back and I'm like okay let's start my NFC research. So one of the first things I did was to write a quick app to see what kind of RFID tags I could detect. I held the phone up to NFC card reader or to a credit card reader and it actually beeped. And then I'm like okay I can go ahead and start creating this NFC proxy tool that I had in mind. So when I wrote that app the type of tag that popped up on my phone was ISOPCDA. So I went and Google ISOPCDA trying to look for the API docs and things like that. But all I found was an obscure code commit into the code name Android signage in mod or the code name Android custom ROM which wasn't even in the signage in mod code tree. So it was pretty serendipitous in that I was able to get this stuff working on my phone and if I had installed the software any time outside of this one to two month window I wouldn't be here talking to you and presenting my stuff on NFC proxy. So all of my work relies on this underlying code. So all credit goes should go to Doug Yeager as well. So a lot of you guys that are out there that are familiar with NFC and card emulation and stuff like that. Here are the actual code commits for the stuff that Doug submitted. The first one is basically the Java API frameworks.jar. The second one is in the native library. This is all the C code and stuff like that. Basically lib NFC and most of that was contributed by the company NXP. And then the NFC service. This is basically NFC.APK. So if you want to see how Doug actually implemented his card emulation stuff you can take a look at these code commits. Now if you want the latest signage in mod code and you're willing to build your own custom ROM you can just revert this last commit right here and recompile everything and you should be able to have ISOPCDA tag support. If you're not willing to do compile your own custom ROM you can check out the goo.im site that's basically a repository for old nightly builds of signage in mod. That one here is specifically for the NXSS. All right. So here is a picture of NFC architecture. At least conceptually I don't necessarily know if this is entirely accurate. From my understanding it looks something like this. So you have the host which is basically the Android phone OS and hardware. The way that Google wallet works is it communicates with a secure element and the secure element supposedly encrypts all your account information and then the secure element communicates directly with the credit card reader. And the host never actually needs to see the credit card information. So what Doug's code does I believe it follows the green path here and uses the host controller interface to actually communicate directly with the NSC chip and communicate with the reader. So in doing so we're able to capture the entire byte level transaction between NFC phone and reader. So here is just a pretty basic example of how an RFID transaction will work with a credit card. You have a credit card, communicates over RFID between the reader. The reader sends an APDU to the credit card. The credit card responds and this goes back and forth a few times. So what NFC proxy allows you to do is it allows you to proxy that transaction. It allows you to save that transaction. It allows you to export that transaction. You can replay all of the requests that the PCD made and then you can replay all of the responses that the credit card gave. Now that feature requires that special signage code. One thing to note, if you're saving and exporting data none of that stuff is encrypted so store credit card information at your own risk. So right away what this tool allows you to do is it allows you to query RFID tags without needing to know the right APDU. So as a new getting into RFID all you need to do is have a reader and a tag and you're able to kind of do a reverse engineer the protocol and figure out what's going on by looking at the transaction after it's been stored. So replaying is easy. That's why I think this is the easy way of getting into NFC. So here is a visual representation of how NFC proxy works in the proxy mode. So we have a phone on the left here and a credit card that communicates via NFC and then over and then it communicates with the other phone via Wi-Fi or IP if you could set it up somehow. And then that phone what you do is swipe it across the reader and the reader will start sending an APDU back through the chain. So it sends an APDU to the phones, a phone is forwarded to the credit card. The credit card forwards it back in like fashion and it goes back to the reader. Pretty simple, straightforward stuff. I think everyone here at DEF CON is pretty familiar with what a proxy is and this is pretty standard stuff. So what this, what proxying allows you to do is it allows you to do protocol analysis because we're sitting in between the transaction we can record all that stuff and then go back after the fact and look at that, look at all the bite level, bites that were sent between the reader and the card. And what this also facilitates is immediate skim and use. So if you set this up properly you can take a phone, put it next to someone's credit card and then somewhere, across the world even, if the phones are communicating over IP, you can take that phone and swipe it across the reader and you'll be able to skim their credit card. Completely just right over IP in another part of the world. So just some terminology before going on. The phone on the left that sits on the credit card, I call that a phone in relay mode. I say that's in relay mode. The phone on the right I say that is in proxy mode and that's the phone that needs the Synergy Mod code because it needs to detect the credit card reader. Alright so start up mode. So when you start up the NFC proxy for the first time it'll ask you which mode you want to be in. You can choose either relay mode or proxy mode. In relay mode again you place the phone next to a credit card and what that phone does it opens up a network socket and waits for a connection from the proxy. So with a proxy phone you take that and swipe it across the reader and what that does is it forwards all the APDs from the reader to the relay phone. All of the transactions, all of those APDs are displayed on the screen of the proxy mode phone. If you long click on those transactions you can actually export, save, replay and delete those transactions. Now by default the communication between the two phones is encrypted so if you're on an unencrypted wireless network for some reason you'll be somewhat safe there. However when you're encrypting communications it slows down the transaction between the entire NFC transaction. So you can disable that. I typically disable that because I run on a private encrypted Wi-Fi network. So if you disable encryption it will speed up the transaction but you'll also lose authentication so that phone that's running in relay mode anyone can connect to it and query that credit card. So replay mode. So replay mode doesn't require that whole proxy setup. So if you want to replay a PCD and you have a store transaction on the phone you can just take all those APDs and replay them against a credit card. So if you have all of those APD requests that are needed to query a credit card you just replay that next to a credit card and you'll get all the credit card data out of the RFID enabled credit card. Again nothing special going on here. This is what would be called skimming mode. It's been known for several years that you can skim RFID credit cards easily. Hopefully in the future I can add a special RFID or a special skimming mode that allows you to skim credit cards without needing to replay specific transactions. That's because when you actually scan different credit card types, Visa, Mastercard, Amex Discover, they'll elicit different responses from the credit card reader. So if you replay the PCD responses or requests from a Visa scan they won't work against a Mastercard. You won't be able to extract the credit card information from a Mastercard. Now there's Tag Replay mode. This is probably the most exciting feature of the tool. This is also called spending mode. So you take the phone, you swipe it across to a reader and basically you can start spending someone's credit card. You use it just the same way you use Google Wallet. This one again is the phone that requires a signage and lock code. So you can use this basically as a virtual wallet. So if you scan your own credit card several times you can use your own credit card and replay it at a real live point of sale terminal. However there's one caveat though. Every time you scan a credit card that credit card has an internal counter and every time you scan a credit card that counter plus a couple random bytes of data will be sent along to the reader and then the reader will forward that information to the central processing station, whatever that's called, whoever processes the credit cards. And they keep track of that counter. So if that central processing station ever sees a counter that's lower, less than or equal to a counter that's already seen, it's going to lock your credit card. So if you're skimming credit cards you need to replay them in the order in which they were scanned. Personally I've tested the replay of credit cards at live point of sale terminals. I've tested Visa and MasterCard. I haven't tested the Discover or Amex but I think they should work. Just a word about NFC antennas before moving on. The different phones respond differently and they'll read NFC tags differently.  It takes ten minutes or so or five to ten minutes for me to get it to read the credit card depending on the credit card type as well. So I would not recommend the Galaxy Nexus for this tool. The Nexus S is actually pretty good. The Optimus Elite is good as well. So you may try a bunch of different phones and try to figure out which phone works best for you. So this brings me to the next point. NFC proxy or communication is often incomplete. So when you're using this tool or if you've ever used the NFC feature on your phone to try to scan a tag, you'll find out that you'll get a lot of partial transactions. So all you need to do is just kind of take the phone and try to re-scan the tag or try to get the reader to re-acquire your credit card or your phone. So here's a screenshot of the actual tool. What we have here is the data tab, the status tab and the save tab. The data tab basically contains all your live transactions. All those hex bytes you see there are the actual APD used that were sent from the tag to the PCD and the responses from the PCD and stuff like that. At the bottom there, there's a human readable format of the credit card information. That human readable format is kind of a hack in the tool right now so if it's not working for your credit card, don't worry, it's just a visual representation. The replay stuff should work decently well. So this contains things like the service code and ICDV. So the service code basically tells, indicates how the credit card can be used, can it be used internationally, does it require a pin, stuff like that. The ICDV basically, so on the back of your credit card there is a CVV and that's a fixed CVV number. When you scan with RFID-enabled credit cards, you'll get a dynamic CVV. So basically in this case for this Visa card, it will consist of the counter which is the last two bytes there and the first two bytes are just random bytes. It's probably only a thousand decimal worth of random data though. It's not all that random. If you want to learn more about the actual communication protocols between credit cards and readers, you can check out the EMV Book 3 specifically. RFID also that you can check out the chip and pin script and you can check out HomePass to see how that kind of APDs are used to query credit card readers. If you want to check out more, find out more information about the service code and ICDV, you can check out ISO 7813 2006 or you can check out the blog at Open Security Research. I think that's sponsored by Found Stone. That has some good information on the service code as well. So let's take a look at it in action. Let's see a demo. It's part of this relies on Wi-Fi so it may not work if someone's messing with my Wi-Fi. So bear with me. Start up NFC proxy here. So the first thing I'm going to show you is the replay mode. So if I go to the Save tab, I can see there's actually a bunch of built in card reader transactions. So I'm going to select the VivoPay 4000 MasterCard transaction right here. Just click on it. And then at the top there you'll see that there's a P. And that indicates that we're in PCD replay mode. So now the phone is pretending that it's going to be a credit card reader. So if I take my credit card and I hold it near the phone, hopefully it'll read the information right off of it. So as you can see, it's all the same information you saw on that slide before, name, car holder, etc. The stuff at the bottom, the CVV Track 3 stuff, that is MasterCard specific. So now, so what I've just done now is I've skimmed someone's credit card. As you saw, it was really easy. So I mean, so that's pretty trivial. Everyone, like that's been done before. So now let's take a look at how you can actually abuse that information. So if I long click on this transaction, okay, and then I select Replay Tag. You'll see at the top here now it says T. This indicates we're in tag replay mode. So we're going to replay the actual credit card for this reader now. So everyone, if you look up front here, hopefully this will, the LEDs on this reader will light up and it'll beep. There. So now I've just skimmed and thank you. So I've just skimmed and abused and spent someone's credit card within a couple minutes right there. So it's really simple to do. And all I'm doing is replaying transactions. I don't need to know the protocol whatsoever. However, if I want to learn about the protocol, I can go back and look at the actual bytes here and you can export all this stuff to a file or the local database for later analysis. So let's set this up now in replay mode. So let's say you come across a reader or a credit card type that doesn't quite work for you. The built in transactions aren't working for you. You can't skim a credit card. So what you want to do is set up your phones in relay mode. So you take the relay phone and you put it on the credit card. It detects the credit card. Really nothing much goes on on that phone. And then we put the, let me exit out of here. And we go back and we take the phone. Well, hopefully my, let me double check my network communication is working. Yeah, good thing at you. Oh, there we go. So now if we take the phone and place it near the reader, not connected. So we lost connection there. There we go. So it beeped. So if we go back to the actual data screen, we'll see that we got the transaction. So basically that transaction was proxy through Wi-Fi and it saved to the screen here. So all the data that's on the screen here, this is transitory. If you hit the back button, the data disappears. You need to actually explicitly save this data to database or file in order for you to keep it around. So let me just show you some more features. Again, if you long click on the transaction, you'll see that you can delete, save, or export the files. Again, saving this stuff is not encrypted. So save credit card information at your own risk. Let's see. There's some settings that you can take a look at. So you can choose relay mode. You'll need to set the IP of the relay phone, set the port, password. So you'll, to use encryption, you need to set a password on both phones. You can keep the screen on and debug logging. So debug logging will actually log credit card numbers to the log cat feature of Android. So just be aware of that as well. Okay. So what's next? Well, hopefully I can turn this into a generic framework. And this will work with other technologies, not just credit cards. Hopefully it can work with other things like metro payment systems, like the clipper card in the bay area, or access cards and other cards like RFID and technology like that. So in the RFID space, there's actually not much standardization between verticals. So access cards and payment systems versus metro systems, they'll use different communication protocols, which really means, which means that a tool like NFC proxy would be really useful in being able to analyze the different protocols if you don't have access to the specs. And also, hopefully I can add pluggable modules in the future. Because we are being a proxy, we're sitting in the middle and it might be possible to launch men in the middle of the tax. And again, since we are in the middle, it should facilitate protocol fuzzing. It should make it pretty easy to do protocol fuzzing. And it is now available for download and contribution. You can find it at SourceForge. I believe it's public right now, and you should be able to download the code and install it on your phones. Though, again, you will need the signage in mod to do tag replay.  So I am done. Any questions? No, so the question was, can I read Google Wallet credit cards? So Google Wallet, when you put place to Android phones together, they actually go into peer-to-peer mode. So that is actually right now with the code that Doug Yeager submitted. It doesn't detect that as a reader or credit card. They won't detect each other correctly, right?


Hi, in this video, we're going to take a quick look on how to effectively search for information using Google Scholar. Google Scholar is a great place to get started with research, as it offers a simple way to broadly search for scholarly literature ranging anywhere from academic articles to books. To begin a search, condense your topic into a concise group of keywords and enter them into the search bar. Considering how broad Google Scholar is as a search engine, chances are you'll get a lot of results from your initial search. With this in mind, it's usually a good idea to make sure the articles are being sorted by relevance, and, if recency is important, you can also narrow by the date of publication. If you find one article that fits your research needs really well, a great option going forward is to click related articles beneath the article's description. This is a helpful way to go from one good source to another and can save a lot of time in the searching process. If this doesn't work for you, you can also try the side-by option, which will bring up a list of publications that side of the article you're interested in. From here, you can click a box at the top of the page that allows you to search exclusively within the results. As far as reading the actual article goes, a quick way to see whether or not we have access to it is to look for full-text Utah State or other available PDF full-text options to the right of the page. Be sure you sync your Google account with USC when searching from home where the full-text at Utah State option won't pop up. Along with providing full-text articles, another thing Google Scholar will show you a lot of the time of citations. These can be for a lot of things from books to articles, but the main point is you won't get an option to click anywhere for full-text. But don't let this stop your research process because, for example, books that the library owns aren't catalogued in Google Scholar, so a lot of the times if a citation for a book pops up, you can just search for it and find it in the library catalog on our website. Or if it's an article that's not showing up, you can use the information provided to request it through interlibrary loan. And last but not least, like most research databases, Google Scholar provides a quick and easy way to find citations for the information you found. Just click the quotes underneath the description. If you're still having a hard time finding good resources through Google Scholar, you can always try switching up your keywords. And if that doesn't help, feel free to contact a librarian.


Good morning, Hank. It's Thursday. Unfortunately, I have to deliver some bad news to an old friend today. Good morning, bust of Edgar Allan Poe. You look great. I mean, 14 years after I won you for my novel Paper Towns, I think you look better than ever. There's just one problem, bust of Edgar Allan Poe. You are now my second favorite, mustachioed bust. That's right, Edgar. There's a new bust in town, and boy, is he phenomenal. Anyway, Hank, as you pointed out in your video yesterday, simple solutions to complex problems are almost always inadequate. We all want to be like one flipped switch away from a better life or a better world, but life doesn't work that way, except... I think there is one thing in this broken world that is truly and unambiguously good and wholly a guiding light that never goes out, and that is committing to the bit. Bit commitment, Hank, is so beautiful, and I know it can't solve all of our problems, but it can bring us joy. When I refer to bit commitment, I'm thinking, for instance, of the YouTuber Jonathan Mann, who has written, recorded, and released a song every day for the last 5,019 days. I just find it so lovely because the quality of bit commitment is astonishing. I feel the same way, albeit on a much smaller scale, about our ridiculous decision to use every word from the lyrics of All-Star as video titles. It was so stupid, literally the only good thing about that idea was that it required us to really commit to the bit, which in the end, I think made it kind of beautiful. Here's another example. Once when I was in college, I was eating dinner at a diner with a friend in Mount Vernon, Ohio, and I was talking about how I'd always wanted to see Elvis' home of Graceland, and she was like, we should go. And I said, yeah. And she was like, no, we should go right now.  It turns out Elvis and I have somewhat different taste in interior design. But I remember the trip fondly not because of Graceland, but because we committed to the bit. Like if we'd gone back to the dorms and gotten our toothbrushes and changes of clothes, it would have totally ruined it. But because we went straight from the diner to Graceland, it's a treasured memory. When I think of bit commitment, I think of Dolly Smith, who for 70 years didn't miss a single match of her beloved Darby County football club. I think of Marina Abramovich and her partner, Ole, agreeing to meet in the middle of the Great Wall of China and then each walking over 2,000 kilometers to reach each other. And I think of the Reddit user, who in 2012 wrote, your mama's so lazy, and then returned in 2021 to write, she took nine years to finish this joke. Anyway, I mention all this for two reasons, Hank. First, to point out how utterly, completely, profoundly committed to the bit you must be in order to purchase this Pizza John floor rug. I mean, look at it. It's incredible. No one will ever question your level of bit commitment if this is on your floor. I don't know how other people are going to use their Pizza John floor rugs, but I'll tell you how I use mine. I keep putting it in different rooms of the house, and then I wait for Sarah to come in and be like, Right, but that's not the point of the video. The point of the video, Hank, is that secondly, I think you and I need to have a hard look in the mirror and ask ourselves, are we doing everything we can to commit to existing bits and to discover new bits which we might commit to? When I think of bit commitment, I often think of a listener to Dear Hank and John who wrote a few years back to say that they were going to secretly learn how to play the fiddle and then surprise their family with a fiddle concert. Now, I don't know if they ever actually did this, but enough time has passed between when the question was asked and now that they could have provided they adequately committed to the bit. And that's a reminder to me, Hank, that as the ancient proverb puts it, the best time to commit to a bit was 20 years ago. The second best time is today. Hank, I'll see you tomorrow.


Tills of photography with bigger festivals they have their own team to capture the moment so it's probably going to be hard to get on the official team but in most cases festivals will allow for media passes unfortunately won't be paid but it'll be good for your portfolio you know I mean so if you're on the festival website there's probably a media contact you email them you fill out a form and you get like a free VIP pass or a media pass whatever yeah just start building your portfolio after you shoot the event you can send your photos to the organizers and they'll look at your photos and maybe potentially get to be on the official team.


I think there's a need for Erie, and so, you know, we have a role to fulfill, especially in terms of coordinating efforts across the different countries and different regions, and doing some of the longer-term basic research that some of the national programs may not be able to carry out. So that's, I think, a continuing role for Erie. But I do feel that one of the challenges that we have to keep a focus on trying to work with the national programs and improve them and make them stronger so that they can take on more of the work themselves. We shouldn't be replacing the activities of the research of the national programs, but we should be trying to support them. So the fact that they still need Erie to do some of the breeding work and some of the applied work is probably not a good sign. And I think we need to really step up the efforts for training, for, you know, advanced degrees and getting more students to come, post-docs, and so forth, so that we can try to help improve the functioning of the national programs. We still have the challenge of making the maximum use of the new technologies. I think we've come a long way in that area. But the technology advances, keeps advancing. So it's been difficult for us to really, for example, invest in the equipment when the equipment will be changing every few years. And so we have to really develop stronger relationships with advanced institutions and perhaps also with the private sector to take advantages of the latest developments and to try to make ourselves more efficient in terms of breeding. I think there's a lot of new things coming out now. And you know, we're not going to be able to take all these activities on board ourselves. We need to do it in collaboration. So that's one of the things that's been happening recently in Erie, that we've been working more on these big collaborative projects. And I think that's going to have to continue. At the same time, I feel that we should maintain a strength in applied breeding work that we can do here at Erie because we have the field facilities. We're going to be investing more in phenotyping facilities. And we also have very good linkages with the national programs. So that makes Erie as an attractive place for advanced institutions to collaborate with.