This is the experimental thing, the composition that you get, you get almost around 99% of the input, that's why it's the most important. This whole operation that you get is the CCL, the problem is CCL, that's the CCL. One more important dimensional case when it enters as a, it forms CCL3. That's why this last one is important. CCL3, I don't know if it's because it's clear. It's the most important form, with silver plus 6 points of ease. This one. This is a little bit more. Let's write down and write. Now when you compare, what's your asset one? CCL, double bond, CCL, double bond, and the point in error is that you have to wait and then react. Yes or no? If you want to break this bond also, then what you get is not involved but involved in resonance. And this is not resonance, it's different. It is there, it is stronger than that of an asset. Correct? So only if the bond is in such a horizontal position, where it will be. Anyway, it's a horizontal position. Yeah, okay, so if there is something, if there is something. I'm telling you. Right? So right now I'm going straight. The reactivity of aryhen, since the aryhen plus m effect ends the carbon halogen bond, which is double bond characteristics, which makes the bond, this carbon halogen bond, stronger than, makes the bond, stronger than that of alkyne halide. Another one, let's write it down. This is the FD item, and then you write it down. Let's say 9 by the other ends. In any event, it's not 7 by the other ends. Hence, the association of carbon halogen bond is difficult. The association of carbon halogen bond is difficult. Next time, one note to write down. When a powerful electron withdrawing loop, when a powerful electron withdrawing loop, that is NO2, CN, COH, CH4, when a powerful electron withdrawing loop, present at ortho or para position, present at ortho or para position, with respect to the halogen atom, then the replacement of halogen atom, then the replacement of halogen atom, like OH- and the replacement of halogen atom, by any nucleophile, like OH- or NH- is possible, is possible. Next point, greater than number of, is possible, when a powerful electron withdrawing loop, present at ortho or para position, more will be its reactivity, more will be its reactivity. Next line, presence of EWG, electron withdrawing loop, presence of EWG, electron withdrawing loop, at metapolition, at metapolition, has NO. This is a few properties of EWG, if you have to memorize. Usually we cannot break out and have them on, but in presence of electron withdrawing loop, that too at ortho or para position is possible. More number of electron withdrawing loop, more will be the reactivity. Now there are few preparation method of EWG we have, and it is not much in reactions here, and it is due to chemical properties that is happening. All these reactions actually are here. The first method is by direct halogenation, right now. The first method of preparation is by direct halogenation. Provenation of benzene ring, Provenation and Provenation of benzene ring. So reactions you see, benzene ring we have, and when it is allowed to react with iotase, Provenation, Provenation of CO2. Direct iodation is not possible, because we will see that. Now when we use this CO2, we can use either reagents like, you know, catties like anhydrous, A-L-C-L3, or we can use FD-C-L3 for high amount of catties. Anhydrous A-L-C-L3 or anhydrous FD-C-L3, all these reagents we can use. And the product we have to reward, we will get photoben-G plus H-C. This is also true when you allow this to react with bromine B-R-G. Ok, correct? Provenation and Provenation is possible. What is the reagent here, catalyst, A-L-B-R-G? Or anhydrous FD-B-R-G? The product A-L plus H-B-L3. But like this we cannot use iotase over here. Why anhydrous? First you copy down this and write down one more here. If you give an excess of B-R-G, and they say under the same partition, when it keeps reacting with the same process, it will stop. It depends. Excess we have to also use, then we will get 2, 4, 6 tribrals more B-G like that. But this is again, this is the thing you have to see in the lab. You may not see it. But possible, like wherever the, but maybe it is possible that only we can ask over here. Because unit of minus i characteristics will be there. That will help. On the metaphor? With respect to this, it is your kind of coordinate. That's why it is a bit difficult. See it is a metaphor with respect to this. So product will end for you. But when you have it, one more thing to write down. Since the reaction is reversible in nature. Since the reaction is reversible in nature, it has more tendency to go in backward direction. For example, you have C6H6 plus I2. This reaction is reversible. C6H5I plus H5. And like I said, it has more tendency to go in backward direction. That's why this reaction is not possible. For ionization what we do? For ionization we use an obsessive agent. Like iodic acid or nitric acid. We use an oxidizing agent like iodic acid or nitric acid. So when this HI reacts with HI O3, that is iodic acid. Plus H2O. When this HIO reacts with HNO3, nitric acid. It gets I2 plus NO2 plus H2O. Now since I2 we are able to react with the ionization. Or we can also write directly this reaction as this. Vendin ring plus I2. And this reaction takes place in presence of an oxidizing agent. Which is H2O. The product here will be I plus HI. And the product here which is here. Here if we add into the reversible reaction. If we add pyridine to react with HI. See, first of all when you ask me to add this. Then maybe theoretically when you look at the reaction it's possible. Like you can say. But actually what happens, what condition you are providing in the lab. That we cannot predict like this. It's not theory. It's not like ok we can see this HNO3 in this. This is actually done in the lab that's why it's given in the lab. So like this you cannot predict. If you add this then what happens. Maybe whatever you are saying is possible that may also not. But you do not know exactly what is the reaction condition you should use to get those products. And in the given set of reactions how the reaction will behave. So that is why we cannot generalize. It depends on the solvent that we are using. It depends even on the temperature that we are using for that reaction. Ok. So that is why it's not the good approach to what happens if we add this. For that we have to do that particular experiment and then we have to observe. Ok. So this is the method. Another method is what we can also prepare this by Dysonium salt. Ok. Next method you write down. One is by direct halogenation. Where we cannot form this hydrodehydrator. Other one is by Dysonium salt. We should have Dysonium salt. We can see Amain's chapter. Write down Dysonium salt which is what from Dysonium salt you write down. And this is the Dysonium salt. We have N2 here and N2 plus and generally we take CmA. N11 and Cm. This is Dysonium benzene Dysonium salt. Ok. If you have to form the correlated CuCl with LCl. Or we can do direct reaction. All these are direct reaction. We will get this reaction directly in the example. So you have to memorize this. Reaction of magnesium salt. Roaming.


Though overshoot is ostensibly a book about bar physical limits, the theme that runs through it is about the human intensity for denying obvious facts. Our ability to lie not simply to others, but more importantly, to ourselves. As with the first review in this four-part mini-series, Farewell to Growth, any book that posits the end of affluence will inevitably attract the Misenfrope and their arch-enemy, the Cornucopian. There's a lovely exchange from one of the more comical X-Files episodes that's very descriptive. I want to be abducted by aliens. Why? Whatever for? I just want to be taken away to some place where I don't have to worry about finding a job. Those who celebrate the book are as equally as interesting as those who hate it. Celebrating the end of society can be used as escapist as the cult-like belief that technology will save us. Yet, as Catton describes, both Misenfrope and Cornucopianism are means of denying the demonstrable trends unfolding before our eyes. Catton summarises the scope of the book in the preface. In a future that is unavoidable, as it will be unwelcome, survival and sanity may depend on our ability to cherish rather than to disparage the concept of human dignity. I have tried to show the real nature of humanity's predicament, not because understanding its name should enable us to escape it, but because if we do not understand it, we shall continue to act and react in ways that make it worse. That's why the book has as many haters as it does devotees. It attacks people's cult-like belief in the innovative power of technology, and disturbs the comfortable classes by reminding them of the impermanence of those comforts. As Catton says, The belief held that great technological breakthroughs would inevitably occur in the near future and would enable man to continue indefinitely expanding the world's human-carrying capacity. This was a mere faith in faith, like stock market speculation. It had no firmer basis than naive statistical extrapolation. Such a faith overlooked the fact that man's ostensible enlargement of the world's productivity in the past had mainly consisted of successive diversions of the world's life-supporting processes from use-by-ever species to use-by-man. It failed to see the progress must stop when all divertible resources have been diverted. As demonstrated by that quote, the book touches upon one of the most sensitive issues at the heart of the contemporary culture war. The idea that the power and greatness exhibited by Western society is based not upon the innate superiority of Western culture, but their historic expansion, takeover and expropriation of the resources of other cultures. That's made explicit where Catton says, Each enlargement of carrying capacity consisted essentially of diverting some fraction of the earth's life-supporting capacity to supporting our kind. As the expanding generations replaced each other, Iro sapiens took over more and more of the surface of this planet, essentially at the expense of its other inhabitants. At first those displaced were creatures of teeth and claws instead of tools, with scales or feathers or fur instead of clothes. The precise statistical basis for this argument was fairly sketchy in 1980. It's the way the book creates a mental framework to interpret humanity's dynamic relationships of the earth that's insightful and which spurred research to fill these knowledge gaps. The book introduces terms which define the boundaries of our development problem and our inability to accept and deal with those issues, takeover, carrying capacity, trade acreage, cosmeticism, energy slaves, drawdown, exceptionalism and many more. As Catton says, There's so much I'd love to review here, but that's not going to fit in to a five minute summary. To end, I believe that Catton is making a positive argument for change rather than a misanthropic framework to label our predicament. The paramount need of post-exuberant humanity is to remain human in the face of dehumanising pressures. To do this we must learn somehow to base exuberance of spirit upon something more lasting than the expansive living that sustained it in the recent past.  This reflex will only dig us deeper. We have arrived at a point in history where counter-intuitive thoughtways are essential. The value of overshoot is not simply as a warning for humanity's ecological fate, it provides a mental framework for how we define our relationship to the issue and map that to a practical basis for change. Thought ultimately defines the imperative for change more clearly than just the statistics for why change is necessary. After Thoughts on Overshoot Put simply, overshoot is a book on the sociology of economic collapse, of how scientists choose the deal, or not, with the overshoot of the human economy, and, as with any species that exceeds its carrying capacity, how collapse must be the inevitable result of ecological overshoot. However, whereas natural species do not have the where of all to control their population collapse, the ability of human society to anticipate, study and understand the nature of ecological collapse gives us a unique ability to change the outcome, if we collectively choose to do so. Therein lies the problem, which is what the book describes. Contrary to the popular dialogue, again the product of magical thinking which inherently plagues complex human systems, the Enlightenment did not end the role of mysticism or religious belief in the context of human affairs. Instead, the role of mystical thinking itself became reductive, technological, creating narratives that, while settling for human material satisfaction, could not be substantiated for objective method. For example, the laws of physics state that the environment is finite, and the entropy can only increase, yet at the same time, the basic principle at work in contemporary economics is that economic growth can, on average, continue forever. In general, this book is not well known enough to receive the ire of the cornucopia and lobby on a regular basis, certainly not to the level of bile directed towards silent spring or the limits to growth. From my reading of both supportive and critical comments, though, I think there's a disconnect between how people perceive Catton's presentation of the physical collapse of the human system, versus his observations of how humans comprehend and react to the knowledge of this imminent collapse. It's a subtle difference, but it's important in terms of Catton's greater body of work and the legacy he has created for us today. To understand overshoot, it's worth reading the paper Catton co-authored the year before which defined the principles of environmental sociology, or, as the Wikipedia page most helpfully summarises. Environmental sociology is the study of interactions between societies and their natural environment. The field emphasises the social factors that influence environmental resource management and cause environmental issues, the processes by which these environmental problems are socially constructed and define social issues, and societal responses to these problems. For me, this is the stumbling block I perceive many encounter when reading the book. It is not about the ecological process of overshoot and collapse specifically, it's about us, and how we collectively react to those issues. At a time when the world seems incapable of addressing itself to the issues of climate change, overshoot provides a valuable framework to understand our predicament. For example, simply swap consumption for emissions, tipping point for overshoot and climate breakdown for collapse, and the book's arguments easily map to the climate debate and verse how the world is, but practically is not, adapt into the objective ecological realities of climate breakdown. The difficulty is, if you do transpose overshoot onto the climate crisis, the results are not exhilarating. That's because, as a sociological work, you can see how the denial and deflection methods that overshoot outlines at length run throughout the climate change debate today. And more importantly, that addressing those obstacles has little to do with the technicalities of climate issues and everything to do with a self-delusion and short-term, magical thinking that plagues human reasoning. Perhaps more critically, the way overshoot addresses cargo-cultism, or the belief that technology can insulate the individual from radical systemic change, can equally be seen as critical of the environmental movement itself. Environmentalism arose as a deep ecological focus on the relationship of humans to their environment. Unfortunately, as the issue became adopted into mainstream society, that insightful focus was distorted by cultural forces into responses such as green consumerism or green technologies, which operate as cat and outlines in the book, as a very effective distraction from the deep systemic change which is actually required. For those who choose to read overshoot, I suggest that you keep this distinction in your mind between the phenomena of ecological collapse and the human interpretation of that phenomena. When the book is read as a description of how humans respond to existential threats, rather than how those threats evolve, Catton's work provides a really useful set of tests and tools to pick apart the environmental debate today. Finally, to bring this full circle, a key part of interpreting overshoot is to understand how individuals relate to such complex issues in general, in particular the seemingly unbridgeable gap between misanthropes and corny copians which are outlined at the beginning. In practice, the problem is best defined in terms of how we quantify people's responses across any issue, and whether we use a single or multiple indicators to measure that. For example, political beliefs are not simply a measurement of libertarianism versus authoritarianism. It's also strongly influenced by a person's view on state regulation versus market determinism or social conservatism versus social freedom. Likewise, people's response to ecological issues isn't simply a metric for whether they deeply identify with nature or with human progress. It's also mediated by the introvert versus extrovert nature or their desire to practically create their lifestyle versus a willingness to passively consume, framed inevitably by that complex political belief system noted above. How we solve the ecological crisis cannot be a one-size-fits-all approach. It has to engage with humans as they are, rather than assuming that everyone will be willingly corralled into one strategy or another. In other words, we need a strategy for misanthropes, another for corny copians and a more general set for everyone else. The dominance of magical, economical, technocratic thinking restricts our options for change and provides a powerful basis for the rejection or denial of facts, which Catton describes at length. It may be to solve the many psycho-social obstacles Catton defines and overcome the deep denial exhibited by many that to achieve change quickly we need a parallel set of options. In reality though, whatever the approach, unless people can accept that their cherished normality is over, change will never be able to take place on a sufficiently prompt timeline to avoid the inevitable outcome of the ecological overshoot.


Typha domingensis, TD, is a naturally growing plant with high quality leaf and seed fibers that can be extracted through water-wretting. The obtained fibers from leaves are continuous, long, strong, and have high tensile strength and modulus, while seed fibers are feathery and porous. The morphological, mechanical, chemical properties and crystalline structure of both fibers were analyzed, revealing their similarity to cellulosic fibers. This research suggests the possibility of using biodegradable TD leaf and seed fibers in technical textiles and composites manufacturing. This article was authored by Ritu Ponde, Siko Hosei, and Mukesh Kumar Sinha.


Stories and content in Weird Darkness can be disturbing for some listeners and is intended for mature audiences only. Parental discretion is strongly advised. Welcome, Weirdos! I'm Darren Marlar and this is Weird Darkness. Here you'll find stories of the paranormal, supernatural, legends, lore, the strange and bizarre, crime, conspiracy, mysterious, macabre, unsolved and unexplained. Coming up in this episode... A girl's younger sister keeps seeing things that don't exist, until the truth is revealed when older sis is moving out. It's called the Chronovisor and it's said the device can look into events in the future as well as the past. Is it true? We may never know. The Vatican, the supposed owners of the device, are refusing to cooperate when questioned. An Alaskan hunter claims to have found a boy that had been kidnapped, not by humans or aliens, but by a mysterious creature known as the Ersonrat. It's considered to be one of the most beautiful lakes in the United States, but there are also tales of ghosts, a giant lake monster, unexplained disappearances and even murders. That's only a sample of what you might find at Oregon's Crater Lake. Weirdo family member Candace Cardenas tells of a haunting in her mobile home. But first, they are powerful in the supernatural. Witches, demons and poltergeists fear them because they are not from our world. The Cherokee call them the Ravenmockers. We begin there. If you are new here, welcome to the show and while you are listening, be sure to check out WeirdDarkness.com for merchandise, my newsletter to connect with me on social media and more.  There are many interesting and dangerous creatures in Cherokee mythology. One of them is the Ravenmocker. Another one is the body snatcher, a feared cannibal. It is said that the Ravenmocker fell to earth like a shooting star. They are powerful in the supernatural. Witches, demons and poltergeists fear them because they are not of here. They are called Ravenmocker because of the cry they make in flight and their dive mimics a raven. But they resemble a shooting star as they fly like a ball of sparks.  They eat out the heart, stealing the time they have left on earth, the person's life force, to add to their own. It is unknown how long they can live, perhaps forever. They will also harvest the body parts of the dead to replace their own decayed limbs. They look like extremely old people. So old, the gender is hard to tell. But they are armed with a piercing scream, the ability to fly, and fingernails like surgical blades and just as tough. This is why some old people look like they have been stitched many times. If the Ravenmocker is disturbed in their life stealing or feeding, the person they attack becomes infected and that person too will become a Ravenmocker. There are talismans used to detect them. It is taboo to give specifics, but certain types of bones and feathers from an owl are tied with leather rope in a way that they will shiver when near. Evergreen smoke repels them. Fire or impaled flesh on sharpened ash wood that has been lightning struck kills them and also starvation. The one thing the Ravenmocker truly fears is discovery.  If the identity of a Ravenmocker is discovered, they will know that they can't hunt in that area anymore and they will be hunted. So if one is aware that they have been discovered, they will use any means necessary to stop that person from talking. There is a race of cannibal spirits who stay at the bottom of the deep rivers and live upon human flesh, especially the flesh of little children. They come out just as the sun rises, going from house to house until they find a home unlocked with the people asleep. Once inside, they shoot them with arrows and carry the body down to the water feasting on the body once it's submerged. So that no one discovers that the person is gone, they leave a shade or image of the dead person or a little child that wakes up and goes about just as the original did, but there is no life to this one. Growing weaker, sicker, after seven days, it dies. The people bury it and think that they are burying the real person. It was a long time before it was discovered that the cannibal spirits were taking people and this is how it happened.  The people around him stayed away and avoided his home. We weren't so caring back then. After several days of neglect, the man awoke to find an old woman who he didn't know checking his body, pinching and prodding him. She told him to stay quiet, she'd make everything better and despite her age and size, she easily lifted and carried the man to the river. When he went under with her, he saw that it wasn't like going under water but like stepping through a room. It was another country just like the world above. She took him to a village with many houses, people and even children. Several hunters came back with game and the man saw that it was people, children being prepared like deer or fish. The old woman took him to her home and said that when he was no longer sick, he would be eaten. She prepared him a meal of child but he couldn't eat that. Then she realized that he couldn't eat what she could and fed him meals of beans and bread. The man did get well and when he thought everyone was asleep, he slipped away back to the upper world. Upon returning home, everyone was shocked to see him, saying that they had just buried him. The village conjurers listened to his story and knew that the water had an opening doorway to the darkening lands, the underworld. So, the conjurers had the chief make it so when people were sick or dying, others were to stay with them and care for them. They were told to lock their doors before sleeping and to watch over each other to make sure they weren't taken for a meal again. I've always been afraid of my little sister. I know that sounds like I must be a pansy. Jackie is two years younger and she has always been an introvert but she sees things. Even now at 17, she is still tied to my mom's apron strings, never leaves the house and still sees things. Everyone thinks she's special. She has always told crazy stories and when we were younger, she sometimes got me in trouble by telling our parents the most bizarre things about what she saw. She lied a lot. I was always innocent and she had to try and drag me into it.  Jackie would come down for breakfast in the morning with scratches on her back and face. She'd murmur to herself and we could hear things like, nasty demon. The mom was upset and took her to the doctors who said that she was doing it to herself and was showing signs of schizophrenia. One time, dad found bird beaks that were still dripping blood scattered and left in strange places around the house. They were stuffed under cushions, inside coffee cups and poking out of air vents. He followed the trail of tiny feathers and drops of blood all the way back to Jackie's room. He went nuts that day. I remember hearing mom and dad fight over what to do about Jackie. They sat her down and asked her about the bird beaks.  We were all so terrified of her. I kept my door locked at all times. When I started having nightmares and passing out every time something happened, Jackie was always standing there staring at me with her pale green eyes. Her messy orange hair always creeped me out but when she took the scissors to it and did a freaky hack job, I wondered if I would be next. Mom was worried that I was going insane too but when I turned 18 I decided to move out with my boyfriend. I've never forgotten that last day when I was packing my bags and boxes. Jackie sidled up to me and handed me an envelope. She giggled and backed away as I opened it up. When I did, I froze. There were pictures that she had drawn of me scratching her face and torturing animals. I looked up in confusion and saw her pointing at me with an evil grin. You're the one, Denise. You're the demon. You come to me at night in your sleep. I didn't want to believe it even though I did have a problem with sleepwalking when I was little. She whispered in my ear as I fought back the tears and disgust. Keep bringing me the baby birds, Denise. I like the crunch. If you don't, I'll tell and you'll be taken away. I try to keep her happy but now my boyfriend wakes up with scratches all over him. Conspiracy theories run rife around the internet and they will continue to do so. While not every theory that comes to light will stand a chance of there being any truth to it, there is a saying that in every rumor there is always a bit of truth. The Roman Catholic Church Headquarters is the latest to have become embroiled in a conspiracy theory as they have in the past. One of the latest of these theories is that the Vatican has possession of a secret device with the name of Chronovisor and they use the device to look into events that will occur in the future, along with ones that have happened in the past. A book by the name of The Time Machine was written by H. G. Wells during the 19th century, a book of science fiction which attracted the pseudoscience and scientific communities. The book was popular and some physicists have believed that traveling through time is possible. There is a great deal of controversy though in the scientific community today about time travel, with some scientists saying that they have proof that it is possible to travel in time. A group from the University of Queensland made a simulation in 2015 of how time-traveling photons might behave. They suggested that when at a quantum level the grandfather paradox which is what would make time travel impossible might be resolved. They made use of photons, particles of light for simulating quantum particles traveling back through time. By being able to study the behavior, scientists revealed that strange aspects were possible of modern physics and so concluded that time travel is indeed possible. With this having said to have been established, the rumor about the Vatican owning a Chronovisor is now not so hard to believe. A newspaper in Italy published an article with the title of a machine that photographs the past has been invented. In the article it alleged that this machine was capable of this and it had the name of the Chronovisor and it had been invented by people inside the Vatican. The newspaper article went on to say that the device allowed the user to look into the future along with past events and the machine owned by the Vatican had one of the biggest and most closely guarded secrets that humanity had. The article was said to have shed light on the time machine publicly, however people who were familiar with what went on inside the Vatican did not find the article all that surprising. It said a lot of scientists had been involved in the building of the Chronovisor and that it had been built during the 1950s under the supervision of the Vatican. The man who was said to have led the project was father Pellegrino Maria Ametti. He was a physicist from Italy who went on to become a priest and is said to have been behind the project. It was said he received important and technical information from Enrico Fermi, the Nobel Laureate along with rocket scientist Wemmer von Braun. The newspaper article went on to describe the time machine as being a small object that had many antennae and which was made of precious alloy, cathode tubes, levers and dials. It was said the device could capture important events that occurred in the past and the future at specific locations. Peter Krosser, an author from Germany, wrote a book in 1997 that gave more details about the Chronovisor which he called Father Ametti Chronovisor, the creation and disappearance of the world's first time machine. It was said the priest had talked with Krosser and told him that he had invented the time machine. Ametti gave confirmation that the time machine was used to witness the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah along with many other events that happened historically. Ametti had said that he had used the time machine to witness the crucifixion of Jesus along with witnessing other people including Napoleon, Cicero and other events that happened in the past and in the Bible. Father Ametti was asked where the time machine was and he would not answer. He would only say that he was not allowed to talk about the location of it or if it was still in use. People who had been close to Ametti had been speculating whether Ametti had dismantled the time machine as he feared it might end up in the wrong hands. It has been reported that Ametti had said that if it should end up in the wrong hands it might be behind the scariest dictatorship to be seen in the world. Father Ametti was also said to have said that Pope Pryas XII told them not to disclose information about the device as it could be dangerous and might be used to restrain freedom of man. The Vatican has always denied any claims of owning such a machine and say that if anybody was using such a machine with those characteristics then they would be excommunicated. This led to conspiracy theorists claiming that the church was indeed hiding something. The rumor about the Vatican having the Chronovisor is still hanging around the Vatican's neck, whether true or not. An intriguing email hit Bush, Alaska. In it a hunter from Marshall recounted how he found a boy alleged to have been abducted by the Urchin hack.  They disorient, discomfort and trap unwary humans. City folk usually dismiss Urchin hack as superstition. Those who have lived in Yupik country for any period of time tend to be a little more inclined to listen. For one thing the stories are persistent and often come from respectable observers. For another when you are by yourself in the middle of nowhere things happen that are hard to explain. For instance, a few years back on a very remote solo kayak trip in the lower Yukon region I swear I heard rocks tossed in my direction by unseen hands or whatever. Big rocks, whoosh, plunk. Weird, a little scary and not particularly on target assuming they were trying to hit me. A close inspection of the presumed point of origin showed no evidence of anything. There was nowhere for anything bigger than a squirrel to hide. I can't say that it was an Urchin hack, but neither can I absolutely refute those who suggest it was. Yupik descriptions of the little people resemble those in widespread stories shared by many cultures around the world. A conference on such creatures is held every year in Twisp, Washington. Though accounts of sightings or of inexplicable events attributed to Urchin hack are common in western Alaska, they seldom receive wide circulation outside the area. The internet has changed that. I called Nick Andrew Jr. in Marshall whose email started the latest excitement. He intended it as a private message to a family member, he said, and was a little disconcerted that it got forwarded far and wide. He confirmed the details, however, and gave me permission to use his name, requesting that I keep other names out of print. Andrew was on a snow machine hunting birds the evening of May 7th, some distance out of town, three hours away if he had to walk it, he estimated. Preparing to return home, he decided to check a different location on a hunch. Stopping to look, he said, I saw a small boy all alone in the middle of the marsh. He recognized the child as a boy from the village. I asked him where is his dad or hunting partners. I grilled him with questions of who he was with and if he was alone. He was scared and had been crying. All his answers were, I don't know. He described the boy as disoriented, dazed, confused and scared, with no concept of time. He did not appear tired nor was he hungry or thirsty. But the lad was lucky, it seems. He was found at a spot frequented by large tundra brown bears. Andrew took the boy home, noting that there were no footprints in the spring snow to indicate anyone had walked into the area. He found that puzzling. He counted at least ten other snow machines in the neighborhood, none of whom had spotted the boy. After getting the boy back to the village, he left his VHS radio on overnights in case some other hunter reported a missing child. But no one did. It wasn't until the next day that the story started emerging that he'd had what you would call an out-of-the-ordinary experience, he told me. He'd had some missing time, just like people who report being abducted by UFOs. The boy said he was brought into Pilcher Mountain, a site often associated with urgent hack encounters. There he was questioned and saw other little beings. He said he made contact with a little girl abducted about 40 years ago, Andrew said. She told him who she was and she wanted help. After that, the urgent hack decided to release the boy. And that's when he came to, I guess, a few minutes before I found him. Andrew maintained calm perspective about the experience. Is this kid telling the truth, he said, leaving the answer open-ended. Responses to the email, by the time it was forwarded to me, treated the news with gravity. Ladies, please share with your husbands or partners, read one forwarder. Please tell your children about urgent hacks and their deceptiveness, said another. Thank God he found this little boy alive, said yet another. Crater Lake in Oregon is considered to be one of the most breathtaking places in the United States. It is the deepest lake in the nation and its waters are described as unnaturally blue and crystal clear. But despite the beauty of the lake in surrounding park, there are several creepy Crater Lake tales floating around, involving everything from ghosts, UFOs, Bigfoot, a giant lake monster, to unsettling accounts of disappearances, suicides and murders. Supernatural occurrences aside, Crater Lake has a rather extensive history of accidental deaths, suicides and even homicides. In some cases the bodies are irretrievable, lost in inaccessible wooded areas. This has resulted in more than a handful of skeletons cropping up over the years. Finn J.D. John of Offbeat Oregon details a few of these incidents, such as the story of a World War II fighter pilot who crashed in the park shortly after the end of the war, only to have his skull discovered 30 years later by a park ranger who got lost looking for the plane's wreckage. There have been numerous UFO sightings in the area throughout the years, including an infamous case from the 90s. From the website UFOInfo, on Tuesday, February 4, 1997, at 6.15 p.m., a private pilot flying south of Diamond Lake Junction, Oregon, population 150, east of Crater Lake National Park, saw three discs speeding across the dark sky, pursued by several jet interceptors. There were also reports of a sonic boom later that same evening, one so massive it set off car alarms all over the area. Crater Lake formed from volcanic activity ages ago. While the volcano itself has been long-silent, allowing the park to become a popular tourist destination, there are remnants of its former fiery self still bubbling below the surface. This became apparent in 1945 when the lake began burping up a bluish-gray cloud of smoke or gas that mushroomed over the lake several times from September to December, according to Kernan Turner from a 2009 public radio broadcast. Though these gas clouds were initially a mystery to spectators, in the 1980s, scientists discovered hydrothermal vents at the bottom of Crater Lake. This discovery, combined with several earthquakes that rocked park residents of the 1990s, suggests that the Crater Lake volcano might not be totally dead. The Klamath people, indigenous to the area, hold Crater Lake sacred. They see it as the crossroads between the spirit of above, called Skel, and the spirit of below, called Lao, the fiery and dark figure, basically the devil. According to Andrea Lankford, author of Haunted Hikes, Spine-Tingling Tales and Trails from North America's National Parks, Lao and Skel fought gory battles here. Lao ripped Skel's heart from his chest and Skel retaliated by dismembering Lao and throwing the body parts into the lake. Hidious monsters gobbled up everything but Lao's head, but the lake still holds Lao's spirit. When stirred, he may brew up storm clouds. When angered, he may appear in the form of a giant crayfish that climbs up out of the lake, snatches people off the rim of the crater that surrounds the lake, and drags them down into the water. Bigfoot, also known as Sasquatch, reportedly lives in many areas around the U.S., but the Pacific Northwest region, especially in Oregon, reports more Bigfoot sightings each year than any other state. Crater Lake is, of course, no exception. Weak and weird writer Cody Mayox states, Bigfoot himself is known to show up here from time to time. Rangers once reported following a large, dark, putrid-smelling creature through the woods until it started throwing pine cones at them. Crater Lake is also a spot for two supposed Bigfoot deaths, one by a car, though the body was whisked away by government agents, no word on whether Mulder and or Scully were among them, and the other killed by train. In this case, the incident was not reported at the time because the men responsible were apparently drinking on the job. On the Crater Lake Institute's website, reporting on an incident from 1947, a park visitor, Mr. Cornelius, suddenly hands his startled wife his billfold and watch as he sits down on a snowshoot near the old lake trail and slides to the lake attempting suicide. Since the fall only broke his leg, Cornelius crawls to the water's edge and drowns himself. No other information on this Mr. Cornelius could be found online.  Dubbed the old man of the lake, a tree stump, most likely a hemlock, has been floating vertically in Crater Lake since 1896. Now sun-bleached and bone-white, the old man has confounded park officials all these years, as it not only bobs in the water, but it is capable of traveling four miles in a single day and it is buoyant enough to support the weight of a person standing on top of it. However, John Salinas offered up a reasonable explanation for the old man's physics-defying ways in 1996. Some have suggested that when the old man slipped into the lake, he had rocks bound within his roots. This might naturally make him float vertically, though no rocks appear to still be there. At any rate, the submerged end could become heavier over time through being waterlogged. Acting like the wick on a candle, the shorter upper portion of the old man remains dry in light. This apparent equilibrium allows the log to be very stable in the water. According to Park Ranger Jan Kerwin, she and other officials have witnessed spontaneous campfires on the lake's wizard island that seem to ignite out of nowhere. She details one such instance as told by National Park's travel writer Haunted Hiker. She said, One evening, Ranger Kerwin was patrolling the roads below the rim when she spotted ten people standing around a roaring fire camping illegally in the forest far from the designated campground. The Ranger parked her car and entered the woods to contact the illegal campers, but when she reached the site she could find no people and no campfire. But distressed by the campers' furtive behavior, the Ranger got behind a tree and called for backup. The two Rangers searched all over, but they still couldn't find any sign of the roaring campfire or the ten campers Ranger Kerwin had seen just moments before. Charles McCuller came to photograph Crater Lake's beauty in 1974. He never left the park. His remains were finally located in 1976, but this discovery only raised more questions than answers. All that was left of McCuller was his pants, socks and fragments of his bones as though the rest of his body had simply melted away. No shirt, no coat, no boots which is especially strange considering that animals typically don't touch boots. McCuller also had expensive camera equipment with him, but this gear was never found. Could the photographer have fallen victim to foul play? Despite numerous comments on articles about Crater Lake's weirdness insisting that Crater Lake Lodge is notorious for its hauntings, information dedicated to the ghost stories surrounding the lodge are particularly hard to find. About the only descriptive info out there comes from a 2004 Los Angeles Times profile of Craig Peterson, the park's facility engineer and environmental risk officer. A writer of the article, Christopher Reynolds, makes mention of ghost stories about the little girl who roams the halls or the Chinese man in the elevator. Perhaps you just have to stay there and discover the finer details yourself.  As Crater Lake is the deepest lake in the U.S., once even thought bottomless, is it possible a Loch Ness-like monster really lives there? The Crater Lake Institute's website lists a detailed timeline of deaths that occurred in and around the park for the last 144 years. A particular note is the 1952 murder of two executives from United Motor Service, a subsidiary of General Motors. The men's hands were tied behind their backs. They were gagged and led away from their car into the brush beside the road. There the executives were shot in the head, execution style. While it initially appeared as though the motive was robbery, members of the men's families suggest they might have been assassinated for reasons related to their jobs. This story comes from weirdo family member Candace Cardenas. We'll call it, This Ghost Loves Brass. Here is the story in her own words. My husband, my daughter and I lived in a rental 1996 double-wide mobile home when I was pregnant with my second daughter. It was a big improvement from our tiny apartment and we quickly set about making the place our own. The house, though a bit outdated, was nice and we had no complaints. However, things began to change with the birth of our youngest daughter. My experience took place around 2.30 in the morning. I was asleep in bed with both my three-year-old and my baby. I heard a very loud thud in the kitchen, then silence. My dog also heard it and sat at alert next to the kids. I grabbed a wooden dowel used to secure a faulty window and crept into the kitchen. I saw a big jug of laundry soap sitting upright, eight or nine feet into the center of the room. The laundry had not been done that day at all so vibrations were not the culprit. Even so, I could not for the life of me figure out how it would travel that far just from tumbling off the washer. After checking the laundry room and finding everything in order, I relaxed a bit and went to get a drink of water. While standing at the sink, I heard the sound of a trombone play in my kid's playroom. My stomach flipped at the familiar sound of the musical toy. I was suddenly sure that I had actually had an intruder. I grabbed the phone and my wooden dowel and stepped slowly into the room. Nothing. Closet? Nothing. All doors and windows were locked and secure. I stood in the doorway with the toy at my feet, looking around confused and frazzled. The toy sounded off again. At that moment I realized I was likely dealing with something unseen. I said aloud, okay, I hear you. Hi, now please stop. And I promptly huddled back in bed with my kids. The next morning I recounted my story to my husband who worked the night shift. His face was blank at first and then he began to explain that the laundry soap had been thrown into the kitchen twice the night that I was in the hospital overnight, giving birth. We had so many odd happenings in that house. We agree it did not feel malicious, though we certainly didn't like getting the wits scared out of us. We now live in a 100-year-old farmhouse with zero activity. Why that 1996 mobile home was so active I will always wish I knew. Well, that's how Candice tells the story, but I have to wonder if perhaps this ghost was in the laundry simply trying to whiten the sheet it wears in the dark. Thanks for listening. If you'd like to know more about the show, please share it with someone you know who loves the paranormal or strange stories, true crime, monsters or unsolved mysteries like you do. And please leave a rating and review with the show in the podcast app you listen from. Doing so helps the show to get noticed. You can also email me anytime with your questions or comments through the website at WeirdDarkness.com. That's also where you can find all of my social media, listen to free audiobooks, shop the Weird Darkness store, sign up for the newsletter to win monthly prizes, find my other podcast, Church of the Undead, and more. Plus, if you have a true paranormal or creepy tale to tell, you can click on Tell Your Story or call the dark line toll-free at 1-877-277-5944. That's 1-877-277-5944. All stories in Weird Darkness are purported to be true unless stated otherwise and you can find source links or links to the authors in the show notes. The Ravenmocker was written by Jeremy Neurigen. Secrets between sisters was posted at Backpack Reverse. Does the Vatican have a time machine was posted at Disclose.tv. Abducted by The Urson Rat was originally published in the Anchorage Daily News. The Creeps of Crater Lake is by Christopher Schultz. This ghost loves brass was submitted by Weirdo family member Candace Cardenas. Again, you can find links to these stories in the show notes. Weird Darkness is a production and trademark of Marlar House Productions. Copyright Weird Darkness. And now that we're coming out of the dark, I'll leave you with a little light. Deuteronomy 15 verses 7 and 8. If there was a poor man among your brothers in any of the towns of the land that the Lord your God has given you, do not be hard-hearted or tight-fisted toward your poor brother. Rather, be open-handed and freely lend him whatever he needs. And a final thought from Albert Barnes. We can always find something to be thankful for, and there may be reasons why we ought to be thankful for even those dispensations which appear dark and frowning. I'm Darren Marlar. Thanks for joining me in the Weird Darkness.


All right. Well, the great news is this is a war. So you have Instagram, you have YouTube, you have Facebook. They are at war for those eyeballs. And because they understand Tick Tock's algorithm has tight end, guess what they did? They loosened theirs because here's our opportunity to get those eyeballs back. You know what I mean? So now the way I used to go viral on Tick Tock, I can go viral on Instagram. I can go viral on YouTube shorts. You know what I mean? I go viral on Facebook, man. Facebook is a sleeping giant. I had no idea how much power was in Facebook, but it is our biggest platform.


I think I understood it. I might have not read that correctly. But yeah, the mathematics helps us. There's no doubt about it, right? Just look at the numbers. Just look at the movement. Capital knows what's going on. They say follow the smart money. You know why that's saying? It's because the smart money has insider information. When the rulers of a nation know that that country is going to go to war, they move that money to certain places. Really, that's what they do, right? All you need to do is see how they're moving the money and you know what they got planned. So it shouldn't be a surprise to people. The problem is people forfeited their right to be free-thinking human beings to centralize power.  It doesn't make sense to me. Oh, don't worry about your retirement. Just take this percent of your money and then write it off against your taxes that we've increased over the number of decades, right, on your labor. That way, you take this amount of money, you put yourself in a lower tax deposit, give it to Wall Street, and they'll take care of it and then you can retire in peace in the future. People say, fantastic, that's great. And what about my kids they need to eat and be educated? Oh, don't worry. Here, give us your kids, right. We're going to put them in these things called schools, central schools, right, and we're going to educate them. Now, don't worry about what the curriculum is.  That's what the centralized government has done, right. So what have people done in the last few decades? Yep, take their kids, put them in school, right. Don't bother educating them yourself.  And the banks have raised the price of housing land, so people are sitting there looking at their, oh look, I'm richer. I'm richer. Meanwhile, their kids are dumber, okay. Their food is poisoned.  And they're looking at their their returns. Oh, look, I'm richer. Jesus. That's the system that's been in play for last. We really started in the Reagan administration. So 80s, 90s, 2000s, 2000 for the last 40 years, right. Are we going to continue with the same method for the next decade? Oh, it's gonna be nasty. It's gonna be nasty.


Yeah, I quit. This is like the third time I've tried to record this video it's been difficult to figure out because I have a lot of things I want to say and It's tough to find the words for those things and I've been trying to do this over and over until I get it kind of right But whatever I quit teaching in schools If you've been in my classes recently then you've heard about this already But if you're one of my former students from a ways back maybe from out to here from Ramon de or from somewhere else Then this is news to you and I want to tell you why I want to go back a little bit I've been teaching in schools for about 10 years now I went into more detail in that live stream on Monday. So if you caught that, you know a little bit more about my job history It was fun. I enjoyed working with young people. I enjoyed the stuff that I was teaching I learned a lot in those first few years and I wanted to get better and I wanted to progress through the career I got my degree in education, you know I thought getting that was like the final thing, you know like I would have my degree and then finally I would get some respect around here and It wasn't that and that kind of leads me to my problem.  I'm not that person. I have a problem deep inside, which is I want to make things better I want to do things right. I do not rest until I feel that I have done a very very good job I'm pretty sure that you would agree that I do a pretty good job It's frustrating to me that despite my results and the positive feedback that I get That I'm always being forced to do things the way the school wants like their school policy And if I don't do it according to school policy, then I'm doing it wrong A lot of the places I have worked for with very few exceptions do not do things in the best way for Speaking out against things that I think are wrong. I'm a problem and that's very frustrating I'm kind of tired of doing things the wrong way because I'm being told to do them that way I refuse to do that now and that speaks to a bigger issue Which is just how teachers are treated in these schools again I do say with some exceptions and even though I have ten years of experience a degree in education and I have Really good results. I'm still treated like a new teacher and so are my colleagues Imagine being a doctor and you get your degree in medicine and you work in a hospital for ten years And then you change jobs and on day one they sit you down and they have this long training session Where they ask you questions like what is medicine? You're just treated like someone who just started the job and has no idea what they're doing I've come into jobs and been kind of given that same treatment over and over again And that leads me to realize something else that frustrates me about teaching Which is that there's really no room for advancement. You stay in the same job. You can move up But it could take decades if you want to move up from just being a regular teacher to like a coordinator position You basically have to wait for someone to leave or die It doesn't matter if the person who's actually in that position is doing a good job or not They will not change them if they do they'll probably just pick the person who's been there the longest So essentially ascension in education is a waiting game. It's a test of patience There's no respect for our time because it's not just a job from eight to four It's a job for your whole life and that's the other problem like the thing I can't stand is like okay We have X amount of teaching hours during the week, but then those hours where we're not teaching are sort of seem like Wasted time if the school doesn't give us something to do I need hours in the day where I can plan my lessons and correct work and Reflect on what I've done and I don't get that time because it's being filled with all these other things So when am I supposed to do those things evenings weekends? It doesn't make sense So I come to this realization that like there's nowhere to go for me now. I'm I've been teaching. I've been struggling with schools That don't want to let me be me. I'm not happy with it like at the end of the day I want to be happy with my work. I want to enjoy what I do if every day I get up and just think man, this could be so much better. I could be doing it this way I could have more fun doing this. I wish I could do this, but I can't I'm not happy You know, I don't get to do all the things I want to do and I don't get to do them my way While I realized that schools do need to have some policies for some things They don't really seem to appreciate the fact that teachers need freedom and flexibility and that we need the space to be Creative our job is not a mechanical factory job it is a job that requires a lot of critical thinking a lot of Innovation and it's one that I think is crushed by so many school systems and that pains me because like I Really do genuinely love teaching and that's one of the reasons why I'm not gonna stop completely I'm still gonna teach but By my rules and that's why I wanted to make this video because this is a this is a thank you This is a big thank you to everybody if you're watching this Thank you because I really was starting to think that I would never be able to get where I wanted to be in Education and that I would just be stuck in it. The last thing I wanted to do was see my quality of work drop That's why I left I wanted to leave Before that happened because I could feel it happening and it's also worth pointing out that I left because I had to I mean Score has gotten bigger my people need me There's so much I want to do with score that I can't do if I'm constantly worrying about teacher stuff so yeah, I I'm done teaching in schools but the only reason I can say that and Still have food on the table and a roof over my head is Because of you if you're a subscriber or not if you've watched a single minute of a single video if you have checked out prep With score comm once or if you're actively enrolled in one of our programs like this is for you. Thank you You make this possible and you've given me an out. You've given me This chance to do something different something that I think will actually make me happier That's that's special. Like I didn't think I would have this a year ago and now I do and I Have had to make some difficult decisions, but like there are ones that I'm happy to make Ones that I think are the right decisions for me And I also want to give a big shout out to Tobbo and Billy for just you know being the rest of score like I am a small piece in your machine and If it were not for you guys this would not exist you brought this into my life with your ideas and We have made something amazing out of it, and I hope it never dies Everybody else who works for score all the people we've added to the team We're gonna make sure you get introduced to this channel soon and properly It's what you deserve. You're amazing people and I'm proud to have you on the team And I want you to get the best introduction possible for anybody else watching this just know that like I don't want to quit this this is gonna continue and I think it's gonna be awesome. I think we're gonna do some amazing things. So I Can't wait for you to see the next set of videos from the United States. It's gonna be interesting We're gonna be doing a lot of cool stuff, and it's all thanks to you So this is my appreciation video. Thank you video slash why I quit teaching school