decided she needs to be a part of this live cast. She loves bingo. She wants a prize. She wants bingo night gear. So hello. So how's everybody doing out there? This is our inaugural version of Friday bingo, the very first one. So we thought we'd talk about projects because each particular event that we have for bingo, we're going to have a guest with different projects. So if you have a particular project you want more information about, drop us a comment and let us know which project you're most interested in getting more information for. We'll go out and talk to them and see if we can bring them in as a guest. But it'll be really fun because each week or each event, bingo, there's every other Friday, there'll be two events. One at noon eastern and 6pm eastern. We'll have different guests and the words. We'll match the project. So especially when we get into some of, like we were talking the Welsh project or something like that, we definitely need a guest to help us pronounce some of those words. And we put the bingo card up top. Let me see if I can do that again. This is how we're going to get started. Give everybody a few minutes to get their card. This is the first at noon at this event. There'll be two. This is the first one. So if everybody gets their bingo card, let us know if you got it. I've got mine. And you're ready to go. I'm ready. And because there are two bingo cards for every two bingo games for every time you see us here, that's two chances of winner prize. I mean, it's nice prize. It's a wiki treaty shirt, which you know everybody wants, but also everybody wants mug. Mugs are very popular. And guess what? We have particular bingo specifically for here. So you can get a bingo shirt or bingo mug while you come back and play bingo and learn about the project. Okay. So work, John. So we've got one. Janine's got Eric Scott. Oh, that's so kind. She's commuting and listening. Yeah, it looks like a lot of people have got. Oh, Mary, is it cold in Western Pennsylvania? You guys have to have snow by this time of year. It seems like. Right? We don't. Do you generally get snow? Yeah, here and there. It's, you know, it like here it'll snow in the morning and it's gone by the afternoon. Yeah, we get snow in Atlanta. You know, we're wiki training all day long because we don't get in the car. I don't play me. I don't either because people here, you know, we don't get snow that often, so nobody remembers how to drive in it. Yep. Fun chaos. Pam wants to know how to get her card. Click the link. Well, pretty warm taste. Mary knows no. Oh, wait, didn't we hear that Oregon was getting snow too? Maybe the first time here for Friday. Cool. Hi, Bobo. Okay. Now, for those of you just arriving, just want to mention again that this is the bingo is going to be involving the projects. So the very first one, you get to see us kind of discuss what projects are on wiki trade. And then we're going to have guests. So come back tonight at six o'clock Eastern, because our special guest will be David from the newly revitalized US governor's project, which is really taken off. He revitalized, I think, about a week ago. And it's really taken off and he is looking for volunteers. Yeah, I was happy to see so many people hop on there. And I really want to volunteer to do Mexico, but I can't. I know he is to a point. I was going to pick two states. And I said, no, that's greedy. I'm going to pick one. And even then it's, it's fun. It's interesting learning. And I will give everybody a little hint for the connectathon starting next month. I have found that the three states that I had been working on for governors, a lot of them are not connected. Or they need lots of kids or siblings and parents at it. So if you're, you're here, a little tip, go out to your state's governor. See if you can connect some during next month's connectathon. And then you're set. Yeah, because we're probably focused a lot on adding the governors themselves, but their families and extended families are probably just sitting there waiting. We added. Yep. So seeing what you learn when you come to VINGDA, we give you fun stuff to learn, easy stuff to learn. So I was talking, we're talking, and can anybody guess what the first wiki tree project was? The very first one ever silence. We have silence. No gases. That was even before I joined for the long time ago. Well, give you guys a hint. It is definitely not anything in the new world. He clicked on the link. Oh, I don't know if it works on tablets, Pam. Should works on phones. So I think it worked on a tablet. Bingo, Eric. Yeah.  Or did you know that? Betsy got it, too. That's true, Pam. It does work. It works on. I know it works on my Android. In my computer. Does anybody have an iPhone that works on? And then we were talking, do we ever figure out what the most current new project? I'm still pretty sure it's Appalachian. That's pretty impressive. I had no idea. I thought there might have been some sneaky ones behind this. There may be like little ones. That would just be really fast. So it's on the radar. So there may have been like free space page ones that were started up or they haven't. I think we got a few of those Appalachians in here, too. So they're pretty cool to show up. All right. So if you guys are ready, let me, I'll go drop the link one more time for those who just joined and give you my hot second or two to bring it up. And we'll see how it goes. Okay. Let me share the screen. And if you're ready, a couple of things to tell you, there is no free space in the middle. So what you'll need to do is get the horizontal vertical horizontal door. Are we doing diagonal too? Nope. Okay. Or diagonal. And the first one that says bingo in the chat is this winner. And then after this game, we'll have one more. Okay. Here we go. So the first one is the breeder's project. And many of you know PIP from wiki tree. So I'll be the first one to tell you that if anybody would like to be a breeder, please reach out to PIP. You can always, always these gooders. And just remember that the first when you start wiki tree, somebody greeted you. And remember how good that felt that you weren't alone. So if you would like to be a breeder, there you go. Tommy, you have a free space? I thought I got rid of that. I had one too. Okay. Well, there's a free space in this one. The Nordic group project. Now this one covers a lot of different subcategories as well. So if you have Nordic ancestors or you're living in that area of the world right now and enjoying it, then check out that project as well. They have a lot of really good subprojects. And USBH, which is the US Black Heritage Project. They are going like gangbusters. They are doing a fantastic job of documenting and really, really beautiful profiles too. For sure. And I agree with Azor. Even if you just read one hour a week, just one little hour a week, that would be tremendous help. Canada. I bet you they have some snow. They have some snow. Oh, yeah. I was in a video with Greg Clark the other day and he had snow in his backyard. I'm jealous. Okay. This is one that we talked about. This has been a popular one with the Appalachia project that I'm part of. Remember the children. You want to say a little bit about what, remember, the children project is? Yeah. They are focused on individuals who died young. I want to say 18 is their cup. It's just, you know, sometimes those profiles get overlooked. And really, they found that there's quite a lot you can add to those. They've got some stickers you can add. There's some boxes you can check, you know, like that's not married and no children. They just really focused on, you know, kind of remembering those individuals. You're right. They are kind of forgotten. They really are. And we've already reached out to this project. So look for them in the future as a guest. Wales. We talked about this as well that we'd love to have somebody come on Wales that can pronounce the streets in the city. For us, that would be fabulous. Oh, the D&D project. This one is like one of the beloved ones on Wiki Tree because every time you look at a profile, you'll notice on the right you see if your DNA connected to them or not. This has got so many people working on it and information. So if you're curious about DNA, definitely reach out to them. They're great. They will answer any question too. To them, there is no dumb question. So ask them anything. The Italy project. Italy. I thought we'd do. I believe we have Azor, the project leader of Italy. U.S. Southern colonies. That's one of my favorite. That's one of the ones that I worked on, the colonial governors last week. Which one did you just do? It Africa. This one is large. This one's got a lot of subprojects. So if you have an interest in this continent, it would be a great help to Wiki Tree because this one is quite large. It would be great to see some more profiles from some of these projects that don't have a lot of members currently. So maybe today you can work on some. You know some. Reach out to some people who might want some disasters. I don't know how many people know a lot about the disasters project. It covers such a wide variety. I think weather disasters and I know mining. Yeah, mining. The weather disasters. They do trying to think about testing them through fires, industrial disasters, transportation disasters like the Titanic. Oh yeah. I forgot about that. Natural disasters. They try to stay. They don't focus on anything that's in the last 75 years though. That makes sense out of respect for the that makes sense. Exactly. The ambassadors. And since it was yours here, if you wanted to type a little bit of information into about it, ambassadors, this is one of my favorite I meant because I am a true social media addict. You will find me on Twitter constantly. We got a bingo. Oh, we got a bingo. Is Mary is like, there we go. Okay. So, Mary, what we'll do is contact. You need to send me an email and tell me that you won. And then I will help you be able to pick your price. And tell them, I guess the very first bingo something tell her that way you'll know. So, which one it is, but you'll probably remember because you're here. I'm here. I'll remember Mary's lucky. Okay. So, let me let me remove this. Congratulations, Mary. Yay. Oh, Debbie, one away. Debbie, which one were you one away from? Oh, and John was waiting on data doctors. Okay. Let me bring up then the next one. Okay. Everybody wants a brand new card. Here we go. I'll give you guys a few seconds, a minute to go ahead and bring up your card. Let's make sure that it works. The link works and what projects are you project that wiki tree projects too. I'm a little luscious here. Sandy. Yeah. Which projects are you most active in? Which project am I most active in? It's a combo actually, you know, I won't lie. Appalachia has my heart. But because of that, I am constantly working in the West Virginia project, as well as the Georgia project, as well as the mining disasters project because I combined those. That's a good one. What was your answer? Let's see. I would say the ambassadors and that's you can I you know, I'm not I'm in a lot of projects. I don't have a lot of time to do sadly, like things on wiki tree that much. So it's a treat when I get to you. I do do New Mexico. Yeah. Because that's where like half my ancestry is from is probably another one. There I would love to do. There's my list as long of ones I would love to. It's like you're saying with the US governor, it's like, oh, I wish I could do that one. And there's, you know, I think that's really what you know, you really do bring up a good point with you tend to go to a person tends to go to wiki tree to the project that really appeals to them first. Yeah. And I'm trying to thank I think West Virginia project might have been my first. It was too many years ago to really remember. But then you do reach out and branch out to ones. Yeah. I think my first was actually the breeders. Oh, wow. Yeah. You died right on in. I did. Yeah. Well, so here's so I joined wiki tree and it was in the time where an administrator had to add you. Oh, yeah. And so it was Tammy and she set up my profile and so I went and looked at it and I was like, I don't really know what to do here. And I didn't know how, you know, I didn't know there was this whole community and stuff. So I did that and then I was gone for like a year. And I came back. And all of a sudden it was like, well, there's all kinds of stuff happening here. You know, I found the projects and G to G, you know, are like what I was supposed to be contributing, you know, when I first joined, it was I just had this blank profile and it was like, okay, how do I do that? Or I did. But then, you know, I got active in different projects and, you know, it was cool. And I think that the projects help you find a home base.  You kind of have an anger on the site. And I'm loving I don't I'm not sure what you're was it a year ago or two years ago that wiki tree added discord for the projects. Yeah, it's like a two or three years ago, which was great. That I think that really has. Okay, guys, haven't started yet. We're just chit chatting about the projects. Okay. So I am it definitely if you have a particular topic that you're interested in location topic group, there are so many there's, there's religions, there's locations, there's topical, there's so many different projects. Start with one get a feel for it. And then if you expand out from there, then that's great. But I think you love it. Joining a project, you will feel part of the community. And every you know, we do the member of the week features every week. And one of the questions that we ask them is what advice do you have for someone who's just starting. And I think 98% of them say join a project. Well, that's great. I agree. You get friends and you find, you know, you find the community and the community is the best part of wiki tree.  So you didn't feel so alone. Yeah, we still have those connections here. So I think that's great too. Okay, guys, don't have your cards. Let's go. Now you're going to find interesting words for projects here. Some of these projects you might not even know are on wiki tree. So this is actually classic Disney. I just put Disney. And David is doing a fabulous job with this. I love reading the profiles. I love seeing the movies that I saw as a child come to wiki tree. That's pretty cool. And you'll see David tonight with the governors. Okay, Iceland. This is kind of on my bucket list to go see the northern lights in Austria. I think this is a fairly new one, maybe not even a year old, but I'm not sure. Oh, no, I'm thinking of Switzerland. Austria might be oh no, it's been around since 2017. Oh, okay. And then here is the very first project that wiki tree ever had.  We were talking about this earlier. And remember just to remind you that the first person that yells bingo in chat by typing it, then you are the winner, the prize winner. Accessibility angels. And this one's cool because this helps, you know, sometimes we have older members that have bad eyesight or other members have disabilities. I know that in our project, that last project, we have two people that have pretty severe disabilities and they used some tools to try and work with the accessory. So it's good. This just shows that wiki tree is for everybody in my mind. You're not leaving anybody out. They also have I was just looking at their page. They have a research and transcription team that helps people with that and they have a technology advisors team. So to help people who are using screen readers or other like the assistive technology. That one's cool. Are they also or do they all they do? Is that in the project where they transcribe documents to or is that a different one? I think that's a different one. I think this is specifically, you know, for people who have a hard time seeing her. You for the when bingo vertical, horizontal or diagonal. Okay templates. So for everybody that sees a sticker on a profile, the templates group created it approved and allowed it to be on a propa. A Huguenot migration. I'm curious if any of these are new projects. They've been around, but if they're new to to you and tree huggers. This one was interesting. The tree huggers are the ones that it sounds like you're maybe fixing the tree, but you're not. It's the people that are making sure that everybody has the wiki tree buff, right? Read that right. That is correct. Now the black heritage in the previous card, we talked about the US black heritage. This one is worldwide and it's really kind of cool to me too because I was taking a peek at it yesterday and for example, Jamaica is listed in this and they have a person that is taking the lead on the Jamaica. So we're we're getting profiles from all over the world and the projects are leading the way with this for sure. Indonesia probably would love to have more here. This one's another huge project. Okay, can I just say Quebec? Because I know we talked about Canada and this is kind of just that little project that's there.  I'll give everybody a second or two. I figured somebody might have bingo. Azure got a bingo. There we go. Azure make my day and tell me that that last word is how you got bingo. Congratulations. This is pretty cool. So again, if you guys have any project that you would like more information about, let us know. Reach out to us and we will reach out to them and see if they could be a guest. If you go to I think I have it up here. Let me see. The Friday bingo page and I'll post it there. Just the past couple days we have a lot more projects that signed up. So there's a couple really cool ones and I know that there are two waiting in the wings to sign up as well. Let me remove this that are waiting just to pick dates and looking at their schedule. So that'll be pretty cool. And then come back tonight at 6 p.m. Eastern and we'll have David from the classic Disney, but he's going to speak about the U.S. governor's project which just revamped itself started up again and he needs volunteers. And if you want to learn more about that or win a prize, we'll see you at 6. And Azure send me an email to remind me that you won this game. She might need your email. Sure. She's my neighbor. She just lives a few hours from me. Oh, that's pretty cool. I'll hand delivery your bingo. Oh, wait, then you get to say you get to wave hi to mom. Yeah. You see her too. Azure's mom. That's cool. Yeah. All right, we'll see you guys back tonight. Sounds good. Bye, guys.


OK, well, this is already the best panel discussion that I've ever participated in, from hieroglyphs to encyclopedias. It's been great. But yeah, we should get started. So this is application monitoring. My name is Ben Sternthal. I'm a program director at OpenJS, and I work with Robin, a Robin. And I've been with the Foundation for a little over a month, and it's been really great. I'm here with you and really happy to meet these fine folks that we're going to be paneling with. So yeah, I'll let Zoe and Steven introduce themselves. So. Hi there. I'm Steven. I work at Datadog. I've been doing APM stuff for like about a decade, building all sorts of diagnostics tools. It's fun. My name is Zoe Sankamp, and I'm a developer advocate at ImFlexData, which is a time-series database company. I started there as a front-end software engineer in our React side, and now I work as a dev rel. So we got some questions we want to go through, but this is a pretty intimate space here. So we're thinking we'll try and leave some time at the end for a question and answer with folks. But that being said, so let's start off with some of the basics. So let's pretend, hypothetically, that I don't know anything about application monitoring as hard as that is to believe that I'm not an expert. So my first question here is just, you know, how would you define this and why is it something that's important? Why should I care? Application monitoring is pretty much just about knowing what your system is doing and why, particularly for like, every application is going to do something wrong at some point. You told it to do the wrong thing. You wrote a thing not quite right. Some user is trying to hack you or a billion reasons why. A thing cannot do what you think it's going to do, and so it helps to have continuous monitoring for, like, someday there's going to be an edge case. You can have a route that, like, you think this is like, oh, yeah, I'm just surfing a static file or something.  It's like, if you aren't looking at it, you won't see why that happens. Right, right. I would say we normally define application monitoring as building a better user experience. That's the big thing is to make sure that your end users are happy, which, yes, normally involves things not crashing. They're, you know, fiddling around as much as they want to and they're not having any issues as they do that. They can click all the buttons and they all go green. It's a great day. And why it's really become more important, especially over the past couple of years, is once upon a time when Wikipedia began, we were a little more forgiving of things not quite working. You'd be willing to wait a little bit while your website loaded and maybe something broke every now and then and you'd tolerate it. Nowadays, you don't tolerate if your apps don't open immediately and if they open and they have weirdness going on, you just close them and you might even delete them. There's no tolerance anymore for things not to just run smoothly. And especially nowadays in businesses, there's no tolerance at all. When GitHub goes down, it's like a major problem.  Damn them all. Even if they've only crashed, you know, once every five years or something, it's still aggravating on that day of. So that's also why it's become so important now, especially in the past, like I said, five to ten years. I slightly missed the, like, old under construction pages. But when things go bad, you can just put that up and be like, yeah, yeah. We're progress is happening for sure. So for, say, new engineers that maybe aren't working on something that's as important as GitHub, but still important that that deserves monitoring, like what kind of advice do you have them when they're starting out on thinking about how to monitor their applications? I would say one thing to keep in mind when you first get started is think about how much of, I'm going to call it the triangle. Think about how much of the triangle you have. That's going to be your time, money, and developer energy is what I'm going to call it. Think about how much of those three things that you have. Because sometimes at the beginning, you actually have quite a lot of time and developer energy because you're just working straight up in the project and you just have the time to do it. In which case, you can look more to tooling that might be a little bit more open source, a little more custom, a little bit more work. But obviously at the beginning stages, I hear a lot of people say, I don't want to pay for this. I don't even have any customers or I have very few customers. So that's a great solution in that time zone or that place where your company's at.  They don't get big without monitoring. I can assure you of that because then they crash. At that point in time, it becomes a lot more about what solutions can I find that meet my needs immediately. My developers do not have time for this. And they want solutions that work right out of the box. So that's definitely something to keep in mind is how much of this you can't afford to put towards it. But do also keep in mind, I would rather have a monitoring system kept together with duct tape and hope than absolutely nothing because nothing is the worst case. Yeah, the application performance monitoring space is really giant, wide space full of huge variety of products. And that can be intimidating to new users. There's a lot of focus on particular types of things. Tracing, every company forever has tried to sell tracing as the core thing. But actually, tracing is the thing that bigger companies that really understand what's going on want. But for most companies, actually profiling is more what you want. Just show me statistically what the thing is doing most of the time. I'm going to look at the top couple things and make those a little faster. And that's the extent of the work that most companies are going to do. But yeah, a lot of the tools in APM are there for the more advanced organizations that are going to dive deep into everything. And we kind of need to have a starting point and then start exploring the other tools and get to that eventually. So what do you see as some of the common mistakes that people make early on when they're implementing these systems? Well, one thing I had to pick, top three. My top one, for sure, is literally every company everywhere wants to have multiple APMs running at the same time. And currently, at least in Node, they all just monkey patch everything.  So everything breaks. Yeah, I'm working on that. It's a long, long effort to fix. But yeah, there's instability issues. There's, like I said before, a lot of users don't understand most of the products. And because a lot of companies kind of pitch tracing is the core thing, they kind of look straight to that. And then depending on who the specific person is, it's going to actually look at the UI. It may or may not make sense to them. Different organizations will have different people actually looking, deploying this and looking at it. Some companies will have their dev team will be responsible for setting up the APM. And so they will have the context of, oh yeah, what routes does the service have? I can look at the trace for this particular route and that sort of thing. But in other cases, you might have some DevOps person just set this up. And they don't actually know what the service does. They just want to know, is this thing still running? Are the other requests that go in coming out the other end is like, they want more high level view of it but then gets presented to them in the wrong way for what they want. So you kind of need to, in my opinion, you kind of always need to tailor it for each user and have a discussion with the user to figure out what part of the product do you actually want. Let's show you how to use that. Right. This is the same question you had to pick. So first I want to kind of tail on to what you were saying. For example, your security team probably cares less about traces and a lot more about logs, for example. They want to know if they're being attacked.  And so that is one big thing that I see bigger organizations especially make is that they're not involving all the right people, all the right teams who are going to need to look at this data. And that kind of leads to the two other big things, which are kind of connected in a weird way. But that's monitoring too little. Like you're picking the very slimmest amount of metrics you can get. And so you're not getting a very good, holistic view of how everything's working together. So that can be kind of connected. But at the same time, monitoring too much metrics can also be an issue. But that's something that you kind of always like, outside of if there's already a predefined, like you're in a very predefined space onto what you should be monitoring, that's just going to be something you have to deal with as a developer, as a DevOps person, is kind of testing the waters and figuring out what works for you and your company. Yeah. Yeah, I also find there's a bit of a noise problem with some of the providers, depending on how you configure it, you're going to get different amounts of data. But you can configure APMs to be quite a firehose in some cases. And the users kind of have to learn a lot of different things. If you just go and turn on all the things, security is definitely an interesting one. There's always new security monitoring stuff being added to things. We need to look at this kind of case. Maybe like SQL injections, we're going to look for that. We need to look for prototype pollution things. All sorts of different things. And even language specific, there's a lot of these. We need to look at this particular pattern. And it's like, yeah, we can capture that and make metrics for that or alerts for that or whatever. But we also have to talk to the users and explain to them, yeah, this is a thing we're going to warn you a bunch about. But you still need to know what the thing is we're telling you about. So yeah. So getting language specific for JavaScript applications, what do you think are the most important things that folks should pay attention to out of the wide number of metrics that are out there? I would say, so one thing, especially if somebody worked not so much as a back end Node.js engineer, I worked, like I said, mainly on the front end to react, we were dealing a lot with performance metrics around things like I said before, like user experience, latency, making sure that websites loaded in properly. Also a big one that we faced in general as a company, I've heard this from other front end engineers as well, is third party apps being integrated in. And then they could occasionally go haywire. And then next thing you know, it's just slowing down your website like crazy, or it's again, possibly a security issue as well. But mainly we were just monitoring to make sure that our end users were relatively, you know, they were having a good experience. Things seemed to be loading at what we considered to be an appropriate time. Things came in right. And some of that was also like, I think we did a lot of monitoring in Google Analytics especially back in the day with all of our dashboards and such. And we would be checking how often, like buttons and such were being pressed because we had rough ideas on what we were expecting our relative users to do. So we could actually tell when things were broken because we were getting metrics that we were not expecting. Like all of a sudden, a button that's pressed 10,000 times a day is pressed zero. Or rather that request, that HTTP request, was no longer going. And you're like, OK, it's probably like, it was missing off the page. It was like a weird CSS bug that got up. And the button was no longer working. And you're like, well, yeah, it's kind of obvious in the metrics that it went from 10,000 to zero. You're like, that's a definite, something's not quite right. Yep, that kind of connects to like, my experience is like, most APM customers, like their biggest issue is that they're oftentimes like big orgs that they have like probably thousands of different services deployed. They oftentimes don't even know what all of them are or what versions they are. Like most users are going to be on like super old versions of things in some corners and modern versions of things in other corners. And they don't realize like, oh, yeah, we're actually using this thing that went to end of life seven years ago, something like that. Or they're going to use vulnerable versions of libraries and things like that and not even realize that. And oftentimes these companies, they won't be aware of this. And we will make them aware of it basically by just pointing out like, oh, yeah, you have this vulnerable version of something over there. And then they go and update the thing. But that sort of thing can come out of like, oh, yeah, I updated the thing, but I didn't do it right. And now a thing disappeared. And having the observability there to see, like, oh, yeah, I thought I was just making this simple change. But actually there's a compatibility issue between the super old thing and the new thing that I didn't even consider. It's a good segue to thinking about, and this is the next question, is about how this type of monitoring can help with security and regulatory compliance. Security has obviously always been very important, but much more so. And regulatory now is becoming even more of a thing that people need to think about. So where does server monitoring fit in? I would say, especially we've seen this with our customers. And just in general, whenever I read about security stuff, it's become really important. Certain things like HIPAA, for example, they practically require you to do a certain level of monitoring. And that's actually the case with most security protocols, is they expect you to be monitoring for certain types of attacks or certain types of security vulnerabilities.  Like it's expected that you will do base minimal monitoring. And one really great example of how this is used in the real world, like how we all interact especially, is with credit cards. Credit card companies are required to do a lot of monitoring. So if you've ever had your credit card stolen physically, or someone wrote down your numbers and went ahead and gone shopping, at least for me, I've had it happen. And they caught it in the first purchase. Because they are required to do this kind of monitoring. They're required to keep track of me as a person, in both a good way and a creepy way. But basically, they are using those monitoring tools to make sure that your data is safe and that you are, in general, being treated well as a customer of them, I suppose you could say, and not having your money stolen while somebody goes on a shopping spree. But that's like a very common use case. Yep, yeah, there's lots of different things. Like in most log monitoring products, they're gonna look for certain patterns, like credit card numbers, get logged in logs all the time. And yeah, that's a big problem. But yeah, a lot of those regulatory requirements for health things or credit cards, or if you're doing anything with the government, there's just a lot of really strict security requirements. Most of them, you have to know where every single bit of traffic is coming from. Every connection to your servers, you have to have a log of where they connected from. All the information about that. Oftentimes, you have to have HTTP traffic, a log of, yeah, this IP address was responsible for these specific requests and be able to provide reports that like, oh yeah, if we get attacked or something like that, you're going to have to do a post-mortem later and look up, oh yeah, the attacks came from this IP address so we have to go through and look at what things did they request so we know which things did they get access to? And you have to have, often times there's network, like outside of the JavaScript world, yeah, you need to have network monitoring and all sorts of different things to know what traffic is going on, if someone gets into a container, there's often times monitoring or like, did they get out of the container into the host and all sorts of things like this that when you're dealing with the regulatory stuff, it gets very complicated. Yeah, so I think it's time to look into the future. So gaze into your crystal ball and try and see what's happening in this space and what's going to develop in this space in the future. Near future and far future, right? This feels like an area where AI, I mean, AI is gonna have tendrils into everything but I'm curious to hear your thoughts on what you think is gonna happen in this space in the near future and far future. I think in the near future, you're gonna see a lot more stuff about security actually, quite a bit more because as we've all been watching the news over the past two years especially, you just see a lot more attacks and a lot more companies are getting a lot more cautious and end users as well. End users are becoming a lot more cognizant of like I don't wanna give my information to a company that's gonna go lose it and get hacked kinda deal. The other thing when it comes to AI, I have to admit, I'm not quite sure where it's going but I do know it's probably going to start asking questions that we have never asked. It's probably gonna be the big thing. It's probably going to start asking monitoring questions that we haven't even thought about asking yet and it will probably also be able to do things like predictive maintenance and predictive to make sure that there's no downtime and such and then another big thing that I'm noticing is we keep trending more towards like microservices which is both, it's a good thing, it's not a bad thing but it does make doing application monitoring a little bit more tricky especially I've heard in Node.js serve environments it's even more tricky. Apparently there's some missing pieces that could be improved basically to make that a bit easier and so I think that'll be another big thing that we see going forward is more observability tools built around that architecture. Yeah, I see the future kind of like a big part of it being like more dynamic nature to how we observe things. So like, there's a lot of interesting insights that you can get from things but they're like too expensive to do continuously.  Uh, like if you, you know, wanted to like, what's a good example? If you're just like trying to capture like, you know, like every single promise in the Node runtime like there's a lot of them. If you wanna like get the stat, like if you wanted to get the stack trace of like where did every single one of these promises come from? Like you're just gonna take down the service. But it's like, you can look at something like you can look at patterns in the application behavior to see like, oh yeah, like there's, like there's a, I don't know, like CPU spike or something often when it calls this thing. So I'm gonna like turn on this extra heavy thing just in this particular case, just to like look at that. And like there's, like I think gonna be more of that and like I think like one interesting thing that's come up is like EBPF, it's like having like external tracing, like you're listening to like kernel events and things like that. But like you can like at runtime turn this on, gather a bit of data and turn it off, like just at any time. It's like, I think we're gonna see a lot more of just like more generic observability things. Less of like a thing focused on the particular language, but more like a generic thing that like we're going to start to see these generic things are starting to understand the patterns of runtimes. It's like, like node, like there's V8 in there.  That's really hard to look at now because no one's really programmed anything to understand how JIT, how like the JIT and V8 is laid out and like how to look at that memory and like symbolize things to know like the name of this function location and all that is this. Like that currently doesn't really exist, but I think like external tools are gonna start to like get that information and like we're going to have just like powerful tools that are just, I'm gonna look at everything on the system and see like, oh yeah, this is like some random C thing, but I can like infer from the like EBPF, like what the rough structure of this thing is and like identify like, oh yeah, like this is a Redis servers. I'm gonna like look at it in this way. This is like a node servers. I'm gonna look at it in this way. This is like something else and it's gonna like just funnel all of this from the whole system to give you more of like a system level observability thing rather than just application level. Okay, so I think we're gonna do one last question before we open it up to Q and A and so that would just be final thoughts or pieces of advice for folks. My final thought slash piece of advice is that I know especially even from this panel, it can sound like monitoring, application monitoring can be a little bit of a headache or it's just a lot to take in. It's a lot to go and research and look into but it's still extremely valuable. I always like to think it's kind of like brushing your teeth every day. Yeah, you may be like your favorite ritual to do at nights for some of us but you are sure as heck gonna regret it if you don't. This is the exact same thing. It might be a little painful at first and just like brushing your teeth you do occasionally have to go and check your monitoring tools. They are, it's not a completely passive process. It's a continuous process you come back to but it will still pay off a lot more in the end and it's just important to get it right somewhat in the beginning before, as I told one person, yeah, but once you have the customers and your stuff starts breaking, how long do you think they're going to stay your customers?  Okay, so questions from the audience for our experts. So it didn't come up here but obviously getting the instrumentation and metrics and traces and all that stuff is important but the next most important thing is probably informing your developers with something like alerts. I'm wondering how you all think about that from APM perspectives and the work you've done and if there's any particular strategies you would recommend for approaching alerting on top of the monitoring. I think that's definitely an area where AI is gonna start to shine a lot. It was like, APM is kind of a data fire hose and there's a lot of things that could possibly be like an anomaly in some way or another that you'd care about. It's very difficult to just define, oh yeah, if this particular thing happens then tell me about that because there could be a thousand possible things. A lot of systems now, that's the way it works is you set up like, oh yeah, if CPU goes over X then send me an email. That works okay but yeah, we need to do better about understanding more of what is actually going on to see like, oh yeah, this was normal traffic behavior and this is not. It is different in these ways. Maybe that is important and we need to go and look at that and figure out why it's different or maybe it's just a high traffic day, who knows but you probably wanna know about it either way. Yeah, I would say that at least at my company currently we have a lot of integrations with things like Slack and PagerDuty and really where that leaves I suppose you could say like a gap to an extent, it's not even really a gap. It's more like it's a user error, that's a better way to put it. What that leads to is the fact that the user has to know that the DevOps guy needs to be called when the CPU goes over or it needs to be somebody else and what you can do is what actually my company does which we just have an incidence channel which pretty much all of our engineering department including myself lives in and so when there's an incident it just goes to the channel and then multiple on-call people can come and they can figure it out amongst themselves to an extent who's who but you know that can be kinda complicated if you're dealing with a larger company like at a larger company I would not suggest that as the solution at ours at Mike's work but definitely not bigger and even some of our customers they deal with real IoT devices in the field and they actually need to text on the field like people who are working in an indoor farming facility that is not somebody who's on slack, that's somebody who needs to receive a text message when the pressure monitor on the plant is doing weird things, it's a very much like you need to know who to contact kinda problem like yes you need to know what's going wrong but then who the heck are we contacting about this problem and do we need to contact multiple people about the problem but definitely make sure I suppose that when you do application monitoring yeah do keep in mind that you need alerting systems like you need to send a text, a slack, an email if you're really risky you know you gotta pick something and start contacting people cause when things go bad if it's just screaming into the abyss it doesn't help anybody. That'd be a great t-shirt for a company. One thing to share at Netflix we have a single channel it does actually work pretty well, surprisingly. So anyway. Hey if it works don't break it if it works you know. Okay we have two I'm gonna go to the guy in the back real quick and we have three. Thank you. So gotta follow on on brush your teeth right or else. Do you see evolution of those tools where we have better impact prediction cause I know some tools you know they show like okay impact X amount of users affected but they kind of tucked away in the corner somewhere and it's really hard to see but more on the messaging it's like okay well if you don't respond to this within the next 30 minutes right your impact is gonna grow. You see tools evolving into this and I do a better job with prediction of what is gonna cost to not act on time. So at least for me personally my work experience doesn't revolve quite as much around the impact per se but I could see that becoming a lot more of a common thing with AI integration that they would be able to make a prediction based on how much users are normally there and how long it estimates something to take to fix maybe in also the future AI will be a little smart about like figuring out where the bug might have come from maybe it will go and check commit logs and such and it will be like this suspiciously happened one minute after this commit went up I have my suspicions on this and yeah I do think possibly that will become more of a thing in the future and it could also even be updating like have you guys ever seen like when a site's down they have like a down website where they're like hey we're working on it here's the like estimation on when it will be fixed. I wouldn't be shocked if kind of like the website you mentioned earlier like we're under construction like it could intelligently like put up a warning message that's like hey we know that there's an issue here we're working on it which I have actually seen a few times but I'm almost certain that's not AI I'm almost certain that was like a real person who had to push that up and be like all right put up the broken message we gotta let them know. Yeah there is a lot of products are starting to get into the like cost analytics thing which I think is like kind of connects to that. Most of them are more so like just covering like pretty much like telling you your AWS bill all over again but some of them are starting to like get into capturing like oh yeah like these things are responsible for like this like branch of your traffic like I don't know like if you have like a I don't know shopping cart system or something and like the checkout thing is gonna show like oh yeah like this percentage of my traffic that like I can attribute to these users like came from the shopping cart and so like you can like connect that to like more like metrics and things like that to capture like oh yeah like these users have like spent this amount of money going through like this part of the system and so we can like try and look at like oh yeah like if this thing goes down then that's gonna cost us like this amount of money so. Hi so AI comes into a picture of performance management there is a lot of data that we would be looking in the past across different stacks so with the evolution of AI there will always be a trade-off between cost and memory so how do we plan on addressing that in the future? With most performance monitoring products like it's pretty much always just about sampling it's like we're not gonna look at like everything ever but you just have to be kind of intelligent about how you're sampling things so like most APMs they will have a thing like you can have like sample rate rules per route or things like that and it's like you can say like oh yeah like this other thing like doesn't happen very often but I wanna like still like haven't enough information about that like even if like it doesn't actually fit the overall sampling rate just like give this like every time this gets hit like sample rate of 100 like 100% just because like that thing is important or like things like that yeah just try to like mess with the configurations of things basically just to say like oh yeah like I really need to know about these specific things so just turn up the volume on these I guess okay thank you I think earlier in the panel you brought up that some people actually leverage multiple APMs all at once like how? Like do people? Badly like and what is to gain from like if anything from all these different like I don't know I think like the Node.js context like how much like what different information would data dog give me from someone else if you're just hooking into async hooks no matter what? So there's lots of different reasons I've seen companies have more than one APM there's like sometimes there's like different APMs have slightly different features like one is like more error reporting oriented and now the one's more tracing oriented you also often get like most APMs are kind of expensive data dog included so like customers are sometimes gonna like have like multiples installed to kind of have like a bit of leverage like oh like we might switch to these other guys cause your bill's a bit much do that sort of thing and there's like sometimes there's like sometimes like decisions for installing an APM don't come from like that team it comes from like someone higher up in the organization and like it can even be like like this director over here decided like we're gonna use this product and this director over here decided we're gonna use this product and like you can actually sometimes get like two different directors have said like you have to use this like these two different products and like the team's just like fine, whatever that's what you told me to do so I'll do it I guess thank you perfect I'll take us home so something that was mentioned earlier that I found super interesting like really resonated with me is this idea of trying to better understand like the system level behavior I think like once you get to a certain size or like say you have a good culture of instrumentation then really the next sort of common problem you see is like a team gets paged at 3 a.m. and then like the adjacent team gets paged and after that it's like four other teams get paged and you have like five people sitting around trying to figure out like something just happened they're trying to figure out something something's going on but what's actually going on and so you need to be able to like draw you know relationships or like infer causes and it's just between a lot of different things here how do you all kind of see the APM I guess the ecosystem if you will evolving to kind of meet that need yep and we'll like historically like like we call ourselves like application performance monitoring for a long time and then like a lot of the industry is kind of like tried to shift the like image to like observability now and like part of the reasoning for that is like your application is not just your code it is your code living on a system that has a bunch of stuff running on it like even if you like try and like isolate stuff and like this is a Docker container with just this and like even if you like only run this single Docker container on this hardware like there can still be like weird stuff in there like unless you like strip things down to like micro kernels system or something like that you can have like Linux services like misbehaving randomly sometimes like all sorts of like different things that like can go wrong like usually it's fine but like occasionally like things at like at that level will influence the behavior of your of like your actual like application code and so like having observability of like the whole thing and not just like this little slice of memory that this process happens to own like can be valuable kind of depends on like the depth of like like what you do and like your ability to actually do anything about it like if something is like oh yeah there's like a bug in some like version of Linux or something there a lot of people's fix is gonna be let's just update the thing or like roll back or something but like yeah so some some some of the users that can do more like might be like oh yeah we're gonna like make a kernel patch or something to fix this like right now like yeah it there's value there but it depends on like what your scale is right. I think that's it for today. Awesome. Thank you so much for the presentation. Thanks to the panel. Thank you.


Now we have started the therapeutic nutrition part and we have seen what are the therapeutic nutrition, what principles you have to follow in therapeutic nutrition. Now let us go to each of the disorder or disease condition where we will see how to modify the diet starting from the diet during fevers. So we will see in terms of a fever what are the causes, what types, what are the dietary guidelines to be followed in fevers. Fever is nothing but an elevation of the body temperature above the normal temperature and this results from an imbalance between the heat produced in the body and heat eliminated from the body. So this results in increasing in the body temperature and resulting in fever and this may be caused because of germs, because of some medicines, because of some bad bacteria etc. Now fever as I said is an elevation in the body temperature above normal which can occur due to exogenous or endogenous factors. It can be because of environmental factors or because of some disturbance that is going within the body. So in normal adults the average oral temperature is 37 degree centigrade which is 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. This is the normal temperature of the body in an individual and generally we see the temperature in the mouth. So oral temperature is 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit and fever of unknown origin is defined as a fever which is lasting for more than 3 weeks with temperature exceeding 38.3 degree centigrade and on several occasions lacking a definitive diagnosis. We are not able to diagnose what is the reason for this fever and after one week of evaluation also you are not able to diagnose. That is fever of unknown origin. Now a fever may be caused because of endogenous factors either because of any antigen antibody reaction in the body or because of malignancy or graft rejection. A body generally does not accept any other graft from the other body or sometimes even within the body it cannot accept. So this rejection will cause fever. Then exogenous factors like bacteria, fungi and virus and there are certain inflammatory conditions where such as rheumatoid arthritis where the joints of the lining are inflamed. So because of the synovial fluid that is present in the joints is insufficient, there is inflammation and this also results in fever that is because of the inflammatory condition. Now medications, some of the antibiotics when we take for relieving some other symptom in the body also may cause fever and drugs that are used to treat high blood pressure or cheeses. These also may cause fever in an individual. And some of the immunization vaccines like especially in children whenever they are given vaccine for either diphtheria or tetanus or A-cellular, pertussis, then pneumococcal vaccines, you see the child gets fever immediately after the vaccine is given. It stays for one or two days and then subsides. So this is because of the immunization. Then sometimes heat exhaustion. In summer also people get fever because of the heat exhaustion and extreme sun burn which is called the sunstroke. Now how is fever developed from the exogenous agent? First of all there is an infection due to bacteria or fungi. So this will activate whenever any bacteria that reaches into the body, the WPCs of the blood become very active because they have the phagocytic nature.  So the activation of the phagocytes in the bone marrow occurs and then release of the pyrogen that is fever inducing hormone so that it has to fight against the infection. So it releases a pyrogen. Then there are synthesis of prostaglandins and the thermoregulatory centre in the anterior hypothalamus is activated so which results in increase in temperature. So it is a complex physiological reaction to disease involving cytokine mediated rise in body temperature. Now there are different types of fevers. One is drug associated fever because of intake of certain drugs you get fever. Then transfusion associated fever and sometimes when there is a transfusion of blood or platelets that also may induce fever and infections cause fever. Now common fevers they are almost always classified broadly into three elementary categories. One the fevers which are caused because of bacterial infections, fevers caused because of viral infections and fevers caused because of parasitic infections. So the different types of fevers are you have influenza, malaria, then typhoid, measles, chickenpox, rheumatic fever, meningitis, dengue fever, then smallpox and the latest is the chicken gunia and the dengue fever and viral hepatitis or jaundice. Now the duration of fever is again it can be short, it can be intermittent or it can be long duration. So short duration fever is always because of acute infection. It may be caused because of cold, tonsillitis or influenza, chickenpox and scarlet fever. All these are a short duration fever that is the fever remains for 2 or 3 days and then subsides. Then malaria is an intermittent fever. You see whenever malaria is there, one day you will have fever then you do not have fever then again it recurs. So recurring fever occurs which is an intermittent fever. Then long duration fever is it lasts for several days to several months. There is always a low grade fever for several days or months. It is generally seen in tuberculosis where there is a low grade fever for a long period and typhoid where you have a high grade fever where the temperature goes up very high and this also takes a longer period to subside. A symptoms of fever for the first symptom how we recognize fever is there is a rise in body temperature above the normal. Then there is perspiration or shivering because the body has to tolerate the heat that is produced therefore it undergoes shivering. Then restlessness and agitated temper the person is not able to bear the high temperature that is being released from the body therefore there is restlessness and pain and soreness of the all over the body because of the action of the bacteria or the virus or the parasite and some limbs they may be extra painful and sore. So they may be the body has lot of pain and it becomes sore in nature. There is lot of thirst because lot of heat is eliminated from the body therefore the individual undergoes dehydration so thirst centers are stimulated and the person has thirst. Then there is loss of appetite because there is bacterial infection and inflammation in the body the individual do not feel as if he does not feel like eating food therefore loss of appetite is there. Now dietary modification in fevers actually when the fever is there there is an increase in the energy requirement by 50 percent and the temperature is high. So for every degree rise in temperature there is an increase of the energy requirement by 7 percent. So 7 percent for every degree rise in temperature so if the patient has the temperature of 104 degree imagine what is the amount of increase in energy. So it will increase by about 7 into 7 that is 49 percent increase is there. So that means almost the normal requirement suppose it is 2000 you have to give him 3000 kilo calories. But generally what we do is during fevers the amount of energy that is given is reduced. The patient is kept on starving you do not give him any food therefore already lot of heat is eliminated and there is no food given to the patient the muscle wastage is there by the time the fever subsides. On the other way we have to give him extra amount of energy at least up to 600 to 1200 kilo calories of extra energy should be given to the patient. So that he can maintain his nutritional status well in the stage of fever also. Now carbohydrates the glycogen stores are replenished by readily absorbable glucose and protein a high protein diet is required normally the protein requirement is 1 gram per kg body weight of an individual. But during fever the protein requirement is 1.25 to 1.5 grams per kg body weight and the protein supplements since we cannot supply this much of protein through the diet that the individual eats because of loss of appetite protein supplements can be given along with the diet. Then fats you can judiciously increase because the amount of energy that we have to supply is increased by 50 percent and it is very difficult to give energy dense foods therefore fats can be judiciously increased to increase the energy content but avoid fried foods. Now vitamins all vitamins may be given as supplements to the patient because these vitamins are the protective foods. So you have to supplement vitamins so that the individual is not prone to other infections. And minerals sufficient amount of sodium potassium should be given liberally so that the fluid balance is maintained the acid base balance is maintained and electrolyte balance is maintained so that the patient does not go into other conditions. And fluids since the loss of body fluid because of high perspiration is there and excretory waste also is high there is lot of excretion of water through the body. So the body starts getting dehydrated along with the heat that is eliminated there is lot of wastage of water through the body therefore the person should be given lot of fluids in the form of plenty of water coconut water fruit and vegetable juices and hot soups can be given to make the individual hydrated. Then the texture and consistency of the food since the digestive system is irritable and you can give soft texture and fluid to semi-solid food so that the patient's appetite is increased and it also helps the patient to digest the food very easily and assimilate it. So that we can give the nutrition adequate to the individual and maintain the health status in a normal status. These feeding should be small and as frequent as possible because the amount of energy and protein we are increasing cannot be consumed by the large meals. So you give very small frequent meals so that the individual takes in lot of food and maintains the normal nutritional status. So generally we give them 6 to 8 feedings so that it will be sufficient to the needs of increased nutrient requirements. So this is how the diet should be maintained in the fever so that after a 10 day period of fever the individual should not come back to a very poor nutritional status. So when the shift of the individual from fever to a normal state should be so smooth that there should not be any deficiencies of nutrition in during fever. Thank you.


From Chicago, we invite you to enjoy life. Life with Luigi, a new comedy show created by Si Howard and starring J. Carol Nash. When Luigi Vasco left Italy to start his new life in America, he promised his mother that he would write her and tell her about his adventures. So now we look over Luigi's shoulder as he writes another letter to Mama Vasco in Italy. Dear Mamma Mia, how you like the nose from England? Princess Elizabeth does she have a little boy. So now England is she's really a mother country. In the last letter, you say you're surprised that my English writing is so good. I can explain you why. First thing, when I come to Chicago, I go to night school at night. I wish you, Mama Mia, you could see my teacher Miss Spaulding. She's got beautiful eyes like a Mediterranean. Her hair is gold like a sun over alps. And her shape. Mama Mia, if Italy isn't in such a good shape, they don't need a marshal plan. So you see, Mama Mia, I'm studying very hard because I don't want to be like our countryman Pasquale, who bring me here. He is here 26 years and all he knows is the two words, money and the rose. Is it too bad that she is not worth her weight in a gold? She's so fat, Mama Mia, that if fella marries her, he is a commit to bigger me. But this morning, I'm not thinking about the Pasquale or Rosa. I'm talking to my 12-year-old general manager, Jimmy O'Connor, who is like my son. And I'm helping him with his lessons before he goes to school. I say to him, what are you doing, Jimmy? An algebra problem. It's pretty tough, too. Stop looking for the answer in the back of the book. Isn't that honest? Read me the question and I'll give you the answer. But is it honest if you figure out the answer for me? Don't worry, I won't. But I try. It's all common sense. Now, read me a question. Okay. If Tom can dig a ditch in two hours and Harry can dig the same ditch in one hour, how long would it take Tom and Harry if they dig together? Oh. What answer it gives in the back of the book? And you told me not to look. That's right. We use the common sense. If Harry digs a hole in two hours... No, Tom digs the hole in two hours. The same thing. Later they're going to dig the hole together, so it makes no difference. Well, never mind, boss. I'll figure it out in school. Never put off it, Jimmy. It's a bad habit. We figure it out by common sense. Tom digs a hole in two hours. Harry digs the same hole in one hour. Right. How long would it take Tom and Harry if they dig together? That's a funny thing. What's funny? Just two weeks ago was election. Harry stands still and Tom digs his own hole. I'm sorry, Jimmy. Maybe it's a little hard to figure out the common sense. Oh, that's okay, Mr. Luigi. You helped me with my American history. It's my favorite subject.  You're born here. Boss, do you really wish you were born in America? Yes. And next time I'm born, I know better. Jimmy is getting late.  Okay. Well, I think I dust off my antiques. No, better I put dust on antiques, make some look older. Hello, Mr. Luigi. Good morning, my teacher, Miss Spaulding. It's a big pleasure to see you. I was on my way to school, so I thought I'd drop in for a minute. This is a wonderful idea. Look how the whole place light up because you're here. Please, sit down on this Teddy Roosevelt Rocking Chair. Why do you call it a Teddy Roosevelt Rocking Chair? It has no arms, and it's rather hard. Teddy Roosevelt was a rough rider. Well, I'll take this chair. It seems more comfortable. Fine. It's also a good chair. American mahogany, Duncan Five-Style. Good. Then I can be patriotic and comfortable at the same time. It's all right if I sit next to you. Certainly, it's all right. Thank you. How's the business, Miss Spaulding? Well, teaching school can hardly be called a business. But it must be a wonderful thing to be a teacher. Everybody, they love you, they respect you.  Yes, but they have a quaint way of showing it. What do you mean? Well, Mr. Basko, did you ever spend a day dodging spitballs? Or did you ever shake hands with a piece of bubblegum? Or were you ever hit by a jet-propelled erase?  Well, it's not as serious as that, Mr. Basko. Well, if the kids do bad things, you tell me, Miss Spaulding. I teach them respect. Oh, no, Mr. Luigi, we don't use force. Then how you punish them? Well, occasionally we keep them after school. Miss Spaulding, do me a favor. Please punish me, huh? Ha, now that's the better. Don't be sad no more. All you need, Miss Spaulding, is same thing everybody needs. Somebody who's saying nice things, especially if somebody is a nicer fellow. If I'm a ten-year-younger, Miss Spaulding, and if I have a big store like a Marshall and Fields, then I buy you the whole store and the school and I give you for Christmas present. Then I go there every day and I hold your hand like this, and I say, good morning, my beautiful teacher, Miss Spaulding. Mr. Luigi, I could kiss you for that. Boss, I finished my milk. Jimmy, go back and drink two more quarts. I didn't know you were here, Miss Spaulding. Yes, yes, so I am. I just dropped in. In fact, I'm leaving. That's right. We'll walk to school together, Mr. Luigi. I mean Jimmy. Sure. Goodbye, my teacher, Miss Spaulding. Goodbye, Mr. Luigi. Will I see you this afternoon? Do you see me anytime or you like a Miss Spaulding? I mean at the PTA meeting. PTA? Are you on a relief for Miss Spaulding? No, PTA means Parent Teacher's Association. Didn't you give Mr. Luigi one of those notices, Jimmy? I forgot. Why you forget such a thing, Jimmy? Should I go, Miss Spaulding? But boss, it's mostly mothers. So what?  Miss Spaulding is true that he's all the mothers at the PTA? Well, the odds are that you'll be the only man among 30 or 40 ladies. That's so wonderful odds. Well, I dust to my statues. See you this afternoon at the meeting. Jimmy, why didn't you tell Mr. Luigi about the PTA meeting? I just told you. I forgot.  No, of course not. It's only that... That what? Oh, nothing, Miss Spaulding. You better tell me, Jimmy. Well, it's just that you don't know Mr. Luigi like I do. What do you mean? If there's more than two people around, he thinks it's his duty to make a speech. That isn't true, Jimmy. Oh, yes it is. At the July 4th fall game between our scout team, he made a stop the game so he could read the preamble to the Constitution. And this was with three men on base. I think that's very commendable. And you should hear those speeches he makes to the statues. Yesterday I heard him talk to the statue of Patrick Henry all about liberty and death. At the end of an hour, I swear I heard Patrick Henry say, Give me death! Well, I'm sure no such thing will happen this afternoon. Don't be too sure, Miss Spaulding. He's so good-natured and he's so happy to be invited someplace that he'll wind up serving the food, making a speech, taking tickets at the door, and finding out if the people are related to the signers of the Declaration of Independence. I just don't believe it, Jimmy. Mr. Luigi just wants to participate in civic activity. He wants to feel that he belongs. The PTA meeting this afternoon will help round him out. Sure. And flatten out everyone else. Hello, Luigi. Hello, hello. Hello, Pasquale. I come over to ask you a little favor. Sure. Everybody who comes to my spaghetti palace, they call it a favor at the place. What do you want? I have to go to Jimmy's school this afternoon. That's the matter. The kid in the trouble? No. I must make a speech. Then at the whole school's in a trouble. What before you want to make a speech? You don't understand, Pasquale. It's parent, teachers, association. That's the matter. You're crazy. In the first place, you're no parent. In the second place, you're no teacher. Then I must be association.    Is my business what happened in school? Who asked you to make a speech? Jimmy? No. Mr. Spaldy? No. Is my own idea. You're going to make a speech? You're going to make a speech? Well, what's so funny? Listen, Luigi, right now everything she's a fighter between the United States and Italy. You make a speech and the whole war starts up again. Please, to keep your mouth shut. Is a free speech in the United States or so I speak? In the second place, Luigi, this meeting is for ladies, not for men. What before you go? Maybe I meet the nice American lady. It's only mothers ago, not the single ladies. So it's maybe nice widow lady. Widow lady? That's the matter with my daughter Rosa. She's not a widow. You marry her now, we see what happens later. Mr. Spaldy, I'm going to have to come to talk about Rosa. Luigi, my friend, why you don't want to marry my Rosa just because she's a little bit chubby? A little bit. My mommy, if I marry Rosa, she's not a marriage, it's a project. But no more talk about Rosa. All right, all right. We don't talk about Rosa. Thank you, Pasquale. Luigi, is it not the parent that teaches a meeting for children's mothers? Maybe. But Jimmy, he was born 12 years ago. He has no mother. Rosa could be his mother. She's 12 years too late. Then what do you want from me? When I go to meeting, please take care of my store. All right, all right. I send a Rosa. Oh, no. Is it like a bull in China shop? Never mind. I close up place. I put out sign to help you yourself. Goodbye, Pasquale. Hey, hey, hey, hey. Wait, wait, Luigi.  What's wrong? What's wrong? Look at the way you look. Look at your suit. You're the only fella in the Chicago who's wearing a greener jacket with the six buttons on the front and the belt on the back. And look at your pants. Where's the decrease? Only bumps. That's from keeping a pants under a mattress. I don't have other suits. Then stay home. Why, you must always go places. Maybe you're at the Pasquale. Maybe I should have buy new suit. But I don't get the money. Pasquale. No, I only lend money to Son-in-law. That's to the trouble. Whenever you lend the money, it's got strings attached. Roses, aprons, strings. All right. Go ahead. Go to the meeting. Let the fine American ladies laugh at a Luigi Bosco. Sure, even a gym is a shame to you. It's not true.  Then why must Spalding invite you? Not the gym. A gym, forget. That's why. Sure, sure. Well, don't bother me. I'm an old lady. You know money. Only suit I buy you is a wedding suit. What do you say, my son? Goodbye, Papa. Excuse me. Is this place you sell suits? Yes. You have suits here for speech-making? Oh, yes, indeedy. Just had a shipment return from the Republican National Committee. Good. Show me suit that's good for speech-making. Oh, you want something in-tailed. I'm going to make a speech and not hang it from three. Yes. Well, will you give me some idea? Do you like this suit I'm wearing? If I take your suit, then you'll have to go home in underwear. No, what I mean is, do you like this pattern? It's a herringbone. Herringbone? That's right. Is this a fine country where they make suits from a herringbone? Must take a lot of little herring. I've never counted them. Perhaps you'd like, perhaps you'd like a businessman suit. You mean he lent me his suit? I like my own place. Well, for what purpose do you want this suit? I have to make a speech at PTA meeting this afternoon. Maybe you like to come. Oh, no, thank you. I couldn't stand the excitement. Tell me, is it formal or informal? It's inside in school. No, no, I mean, do you have to dress? I'm only a man there, of course I gotta dress. This is PTA meeting, not Turkish bat. Well, sir, could you go for this suit? It comes with two pairs of pants. Isn't it good? I know, two pairs of pants would make your legs look too lumpy. Then why you try to sell it to me? Because I'm just a great big sneak. Oh, this is a nice suit here, this brown one. But why is pants so short? Because it's a boy scout suit, and you get a knife with it. How many blades? I can't tell you, it's a military secret. Look, please. I like a suit for making speech. You know, for a score and a seven years ago, of course, well, why didn't you say so? Here's just the suit for you. It's our Gettysburg Address model. Is it good enough for Abel Lincoln? Is it good enough for Luigi Basco? I faked it. For the second act of Luigi Basco's adventures in Chicago, we turn to page two of his letter to his mother in Italy. So Mamma Mia, I buy myself a suit for PTA meeting. Now, all I have to do is pay 50 cents a week. In one year, I own a coat. In one or more year, I also own a pants. Pants is striped, and the coat is empty in the front, but in the back it sweeps the floor. Is it called a cutaway? This is what I do when I come home after meeting, because it's enough for material in the back of coat for extra pair of pants. I also want to bring presents to ladies at the meeting, so I take a new thing called the money order that I get from a lady customer and I go to post office to cash it. Excuse me, you're the postmaster? Yes, I'm in charge of this branch. You're just a man I want to see. I just received this paper from a lady. That's a money order.  Is this right? Yes, yes. Have you any identification? What do you mean? Well, something to prove you're Luigi Basco. Have you a driver's license? I don't even have a car. Citizenship papers? I know all the answers to questions, but I must wait a couple of years because... Marriage license? I'm a single. If you know a nicer girl... Yes, yes, yes. How about a birth certificate? It's home in the family Bible. Could you bring that? Can't afford to take a trip to Italy just enough. If I get a money order for $1,000, then I go and I bring, but for $10 it's... Well, you'll have to... you'll have to show me something. Well, if, if for nobody looks, I show birthmark on the ankle. No, no, no, that won't do. Isn't there some way you can prove that you're Luigi Basco? Mr. Postamaster, every morning when I get up I look in the mirror, there I am. But, Mr. Basco... Here's the very simple. I prove the whole thing. Are you Luigi Basco? Certainly not. That man over there on the line, are you Luigi Basco? Probably not. And the lady over there, she Luigi Basco? I doubt it. Then there's a left only you and me. Are you Luigi Basco? No. Then who are you talking to? I don't know. I'm surprised you don't know me, Mr. Postamaster. But why should I know you? Because all the time I'm in this country, this post office handle all the letters I send. Well, I give up. You're Luigi Basco. Sure, I told you that first. You save a lot of time by not arguing with me. I'll never do it again. Here's your ten dollars. And I'm sorry I ever took a civil service examination. Don't feel badly. From now on I buy all the stamps from a this post office. Goodbye. America, I love you. You like a papa too. Hello, Pasquale. What do you want now, Luigi? More favor? This time I do you favor. It's about the time. You do me favor? I do you favor. Like Uncle Pietro say, if one hand is dirty, wash your both hands. Please, don't bring your relations into this conversation. I'm busy. Pasquale, how much you charge for spaghetti? With or without to meet the ball? Without. Cost to more without to meet the ball? 65 cents a plate. Not to buy plates. How much you charge by inch?  I never sell it by inch. Then maybe you sell it by foot. No, no. Smallest I sell is a yard. How much is a yard? For you, 10 cents. Then how much I get for 10 dollars? I think maybe you get a half a mile. Let me see. Is it 10 cents a yard? Is it 10 yards for one a dollar? Yes. For 10 a dollars you get 100 yards. Okay. Give me 100 yards spaghetti. What do you mean a give? No money, no spaghetti. Maybe I open a charge account with you. You give me 10 a dollars a box of cash and money, then you open a charge account. All right. Here is a 10 dollar. Hey, where you get this? Post office. Since when is a post office a given away money? It's a new thing. Ladies send me a little piece of paper, I take the post office, I get the money. So now I buy spaghetti. What are you going to do with all this spaghetti? I bring it to PTA meeting.  Sure. I buy suit, I prepare a speech, and now I bring the spaghetti. That's a fine, Luigi. Look, here, I give you a couple of hundred cards for my restaurant, you give it to all the ladies. I'm speaking out of spaghetti salesman. Well, when you speak, you talk about this. My speech is about education. My spaghetti is a very educational, Luigi. But I don't know about spaghetti. I don't even know why they call it spaghetti, spaghetti.  I don't think I do this, Pasquale. I give you ten yards extra, just in case the spaghetti shrinks. Excuse me, is Mr. Baskow in? What's the matter? Jimmy, you don't recognize me? A cutaway. Is that you, Mr. Luigi? Sure, look like a movie star, huh? Where you going? To a PTA meeting at Jimmy's. No! Yes, and I bring them spaghetti, and I make a long speech. You and Miss Pauling will be so proud of me, you'll want to know what to do. Oh, I'm late, so goodbye, Jimmy. I know what I'm going to do. Join the foreign legion. Hello? Miss Pauling, please, it's important. Mama mia. Miss Pauling, this is Jimmy O'Connor. It's worse than I thought.  Miss Pauling? Miss Pauling! This is wonderful. Oh, Miss Pauling, this is quite an audience. It looks like the finest PTA meeting we've ever had. What was that, Mrs. Pringle? Yes, I said that it looks like the finest. Oh, yes, it does. Good afternoon, Dr. Cartwright. Well, it's nice seeing you again, Mrs. Pringle. I look forward to hearing you speak. Oh, uh, Dr. Cartwright. Yes, Mrs. Wilton. There's a man in a cutaway coat outside with a big pot of spaghetti. Well, it must be a waiter who's made a mistake. Certainly no one here has ordered it. Hello. You, Dr. Cartwright, the principal, huh? I am, but I didn't order any food. I bring it. This is my present for PTA meeting. Here. Ouch! Excuse me, I put it on a table. Maybe you don't know me. I'm Luigi Basco. Do you have a child in this school? Sure. My boy Jimmy O'Connor. He's a pupil here. So that's why you came? Also because Ms. Spaulding invited me to make a speech. Ms. Spaulding did what? Ms. Spaulding. Yes, Dr. Cartwright. Did you invite Mr. Basco? Hello, my teacher, Ms. Spaulding. Hello, Mr. Luigi. Ms. Spaulding, I prepare short speech. Well, Mr. Basco, I'm afraid there won't be any time for your speech. That's all right. I wait. The meeting will come to order. Will the ladies please find seat? Yes. Mr. Basco, I must ask you to sit down. I promise Pasquale I give out his cards. Is his a spaghetti? Mr. Luigi, how could you? Is all the people here living in the same neighborhood? Maybe they give Pasquale a little business. Is something wrong, Ms. Spaulding? No, no, everything's just fine. That's the way I feel it, too. I shall turn the chair over to our good friend, your chairman, Mrs. Wilson. If he turn over chair, she fall down. Good afternoon, ladies. Me, too. Yes, of course. Now, before we proceed, is there any old business? I have all the business, antiques. Our first speaker is Mrs. Nelson Pringle. She will speak on our school system. Spaghetti is getting closed. We must have order. A great many of you may not like what I have to say, particularly about this school. As you know, my son is a pupil here, and I must say, from personal observations, our teachers here must recognize the need for greater discipline. If there is rowdyism and we know there is, if our children find their excitement in the street, then I think our teachers are at fault. And I suppose... Please, I'd like to say something. We don't know. I had the floor. We must have order. Mr. Vasco, please go quietly and quickly. First I speak, then I go. That's the person who brought the spaghetti. Yes, ladies are right. I bring spaghetti. It's because I think maybe you like. I make a mistake. I don't do this again. Excuse me. But it's not important now anyway. It's important what the ladies say about teachers. I'm only in this country a little while, and I don't know about schools like a lady. Also, only teacher I know is misfolding. And it's not her fault when the kids fight. Maybe it's the parent's fault. Not teachers when the kids fight too much. If my Jimmy come home with a black eye, that's my fault. I don't teach a Jimmy right, but I try. I tell him this is a wonderful country because all kinds of people here and children of all kinds of people, little children, they don't know what it means to hate, to hurt. They learn about this from us, not from a teacher.  So it's up to us all the people to show them. It's like all the same. Apple don't fall far from tree. We show them at home, we explain, then they know. That's the why. If it's about the children, it's not teachers' fault. It's sometimes parents' fault. Hello, Jimmy. Hello, Mr. Luigi. Gee, it didn't stay long. I think maybe too long. Did you make your speech? No.  You know what was going to happen at the PTA meeting, huh? No, boss. I... Was it really bad? It was worse than that, Jimmy. I make a big fool of... Hello, Luigi. Hello, Mr. Spaulding. I'm sorry. I make you so ashamed. Ashamed? You were wonderful. Your speech was inspiring. But I think I look so foolish in this suit. Well, it was a little too formal. Boss, I'm proud of you. I'm glad, Jimmy. And you know something? I was the only mother in a cutaway coat. So, dear Mamma Mia, I'm now a member parent-teachers association. From now on, I go to all the meetings. Who can tell? Maybe next year, I become a president. Then I be first the president of a woman's club. Also, Mamma Mia, I sell my cutaway coat to Pasquale. He is putting a suit in Rosa's hope chest. One more thing. Today, I'm sending letter to men with the problem.  I'm sending this letter to only men who know the answer. John L. Lewis. He is the loving son of Luigi. I'm going to listen next week at the same time over most of these stations when Luigi Vasco writes another letter to Mamma Vasco describing his adventures in America. Life with Luigi is a Cy Howard production and is written by Highcraft and Cy Howard and stars J. Carol Naj as Luigi Vasco with Alan Reed as Pasquale. Music is under the direction of Wilbur Hatch. Ladies and gentlemen, the grand prize for solving the secret sentence on the fast-moving CBS quiz show Hit the Jackpot is now worth the staggering sum of $22,000. Contestants in the studio and at home will have a chance to compete on Hit the Jackpot. Tonight, Bill Cullen will give you more clues to the secret sentence. Hit the jackpot a little later tonight on most of these same stations. Bob LeMond speaking for CBS, the Columbia Broadcasting Show.


Are you ready for warm weather and a little sunshine? The Appalachian Wireless team has decided to have the ultimate spring break event. The spring break event is going on now through the end of April and all smartphones are on sale with Appalachian Advantage. We are you, we are Appalachian Wireless. The Appalachian Pregnancy Care Center, which has been in the Pikeville area for 15 years, hosted a ribbon cutting and open house at their new location in Pikeville. We only intended to serve clients from Pikeville and I guess word-of-mouth got around and we just had so many clients needing our facility, needing our help. And so we decided, I didn't turn anybody away, so we just decided the people that came from Johnson County, MacGuffin County, Letcher County, Knot County, we just welcomed everybody and so now we serve about 15 counties. The center offers a system of support and services for women and men who are experiencing an unplanned pregnancy. They provide pre and postnatal education and resources to help new parents through the struggles that accompany an unplanned pregnancy. We don't get government funding, we do not get state funding, but you know what, we have so many people in Eastern Kentucky that reach out to us and care about young girls and young guys that are experiencing an unplanned pregnancy and so we've just had so many people to reach out to us financially and help us. Services provided by the center include free pregnancy tests, post-abortion counseling education, adoption education, and baby and maternity resources. The mission of the Appalachian Pregnancy Care Center is to save lives. That is our main mission, but our secondary mission is to help young girls and young guys that are experiencing an unplanned pregnancy. We know that that can be a very fearful time in a young life and we're here. We're here to show hope, compassion, love, and that people that if this happens to someone if they have an unplanned pregnancy we're here to help them get through that. And a lot of times young girls and guys sometimes don't have family support, but even some of our married couples, because we do serve some married couples too, they might not have family support, but but we're here to be that support. For more information about the Appalachian Pregnancy Care Center you can visit Appalachianpregnancycare.com. For Mountain Top News, I'm Kelsey Dean.


Hey, this is Brett with Summit Automotive in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. Today we are checking out this brand new 2020 Ford F450 crew cab long box dually with the all new 6.7 liter power stroke diesel. This one pumps out 475 horsepower, 1,050 foot pounds of torque on this truck. This one is all decked out to tow the maximum that it can. It has the 430 gears with the limited slip, has the fifth wheel and gooseneck prep package as well, and you can see it has the FX4 package. So we're going to do a walk around on this truck, and then we're going to get up close and check out all the exact options on this truck, but we like doing them from far away so that you can get a really good idea of the overall design, the light reflecting off the vehicle, and check out this awesome heavy duty truck. Oxford White is the color. If you want to check out more photos of this vehicle in the upper right hand part of your screen is a link right to our website. Click that and check us out there. You can see it comes with the really nice 19.5 inch polished aluminum rims. This one has Continental, Conta Hybrid HD3 22570R 19.5 tires. It has a nice highway tread on there, the frame and underbody is very clean. This is an XL with the STX appearance package. You can see it has the clearance lights, you get the chrome trimmed grille. This one has the 360 ultimate camera on it, so you get the front camera right there. You get the, I believe those are LED clearance lights in there if you can look real close there. You get everything in 1080p, 60 frames per second HD, so if you have HD capabilities turn them on right now, because it's like you're right here looking at the truck with me. Take a look at the original buyer's guide here. I'm not going to go over everything on here, but feel free to pause this so you can check out all the options on this particular truck. Or if you want to check out the original window sticker on our website in the upper right hand part of your screen, another link right to our website, but you can see some of the options on here, the power equipment, the gooseneck, the STX appearance, FX4, you get the skid plates, the running boards, the serious satellite radio, engine block heater, a back glass rear defrost, snow plow prep, and the ultimate camera with the pro trailer backup assist. We're going to get into that in just a little bit, but feel free to check it out. We have $67,500 and just a really, really sharp truck.  Your side lights on the box here are also LED, I believe. You get the nice polished aluminum rims back here, and take a look at that frame and underbody. You do get the anti-sway bars right there. Everything's very heavy-duty. We'll just take a quick look at the frame and underbody here. Get those skid plates up there as we come around to the back of the vehicle. Full towing package, which includes the receiver hitch, 4-pin and 7-pin wire. Like I said, this is the maximum towing package that you can get. This one tows up to 32,600 pounds. Has the gooseneck and fifth wheel prep package in here. You got two different hookups here. You get a 7-pin, and then I'm not really sure what this one's for. Maybe if you want to tell me in the comments, you can do that. I'll have to look it up, though. But you also get the cargo cam up there, and what's really cool about that cargo cam is it'll put a line right down the middle of your box so you can line up your fifth wheel as you're putting it in there, and we'll get to that in just a second. It does have the telescopic tow mirrors. You get blind spot monitoring right there. You also get the side LED mirrors. They telescope in and out. They also fold in, and you do get the 360 camera with the cameras on the side there. Inside the XL package gives you the gray cloth interior. 40, 20, 40 split bench seating. You get the heavy-duty rubber floors, power windows, power locks, power mirrors, auto headlamps, tilt, and telescopic steering wheel. You can see you get the digital display up here with the digital spinometer outside, or the compass display as well. Steering wheel, you get cruise controls and information center controls on the left, and on the right side, you get audio and Bluetooth controls. Put it in the drive, you can see that you do get up to 10 gears there if you ever wanted to figure out, because mine had the six-speed or the 10-speed. That's how you figure it out. Before we get into the radio here, I do want to show you that it does have the turned-out four-wheel drive, your factory brake controller, and then your pro-trailer backup system. So you know you turn this thing as you're backing up, and it'll actually put the trailer right where you want it. AM, FM, and Sirius XM radio capabilities on the SYNC 8-inch radio, and we're going to check out that camera, which is pretty much the best thing about this radio. But before we do that, I want to show you that it does have the factory exhaust brake stability control downhill assist, and then that camera, this is how you can get to the camera real quick without pushing any buttons on the actual radio. So you got your backup camera, and then your 360 view, so you can actually see the shadow of the light pole behind me, and you can see that alongside there, and you can change all your cameras.  So take just the front view, that's exactly what's in front of me right now, if you go back to here, then you can do your corners of your bumpers and straight ahead, and then you can also do your bed view, and like I said, there's a nice line right here, so you can line up exactly straight on with whatever hitch you may be putting into the bed here. Then you can do your 360 view again right there. So very cool system, we can do a whole video just on this radio, so maybe stay tuned for one of those.  Down here you get a USB-C, a USB, a power point, this one also has the forward pass, I want to mention that, with the Wi-Fi and everything, and right here you get a 12 volt and then a 110 volt, 400 watt max plug-in.  Up here you get six up-fitter switches and your LED lights as well, and then you get your map lights up here. We'll take a quick look at the back seats, and then we'll do one more final walk around on the truck and even take a quick look under the hood.  You also get child safety locks in the doors right there, and we'll take a quick look under the hood. We have the all-new 6.7 liter power stroke diesel, 475 horsepower, 1,050 foot pounds of torque, and it's just as quiet as it's always been. Definitely a lot of power on these trucks, if you haven't driven one, highly recommend it. You can get the LED lights on the hood there, and we'll take one more quick walk around here. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today, and hopefully from this HD video you have gotten a really good idea of the looks from all the different angles on this truck, as well as some of the options on this specific truck, and just the F450 in general, and the new power stroke diesel learned a little bit about it. Once again, 430 gears with limited slip, and this one can tow up to 32,600 pounds. And to see more pictures of this truck, or one of our other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, half tons, three quarter tons, one tons, you name it, we got it. Check out our website, www.summodauto.com, full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations, all at summodauto.com, and if you'd like to check out more HD videos, you can go to youtube.com. Remember to like, subscribe, and share. On this video, and all the videos that you see there, in fact, you'll see a link to the subscribe to our channel, a link to see more videos like this, and a link to our website on the bottom. Thanks again.