So, I'm Kendra McDonough, and she's more than an expert in the business, I guess, I'm going to talk about some of the things that we do to use TVN packages in maybe interesting and perhaps unplanned ways to do some, help us do some systems administration things. Once? No, it's not that good, is it? Sort of time.  So, you know, you often end up writing a script like this. Maybe it has to as well. Yeah. So, you know, there kind of has to be a better way. There's some problems with that thing. You know, the names of all these machines are no doubt philosophers, but one of them got spelled wrong. And, you know, just after a couple of minutes I couldn't actually name a list of systems, and in fact when I made it up I got quite a few of them wrong. So, it doesn't scale very well. If we have, maybe it's okay with 10 or 12 systems, but if it's 20 or 40 or 100, it gets a lot harder. It doesn't cope very well with complexly firewall systems where perhaps you can't SSH indirectly. You have to maybe SSH forward through a couple of machines to get to it. Declined by networks or something like that. I wrote another shell script to make it easier to SSH through deeply firewall machines and so on. But it was getting all a bit silly. So, we did some thinking about how we could do it better on deviant development. So, maybe we could write a deviant package to do some of these things. And all of these systems were deviant systems, or almost all of them. So, I started to come up with some other ideas. There's other things to consider as well in this. You know, this centralised management approach is like FAI, which indeed we use. And LDAP for authentication and so on. But these approaches tend to be quite concentrated in the centre. And if LDAP is great, or Kerberos or something is great, if you've got a centrally accessible machine, which you can consider the place where authentication happens. But what happens if you're trying to maintain a machine and the network is down, or your centralised host is down or something, and you're trying to solve this problem? How can you log on to the machines when you don't have that authentication? So, trying to use that centrist approach was going to be too expensive. You know, you need backup links, you need backup machines, and the cost just turns exponential all of a sudden. So, we came up with the idea of using a deviant package for user management. So, we wrapped me in a box, shipped me out, and so the deviant package installs, creates a user account, puts my SSH key in there, and so on. So, we came up with the production line. But we went on, so, okay, I created a deviant package for myself. Then we went further beyond that. We started creating deviant packages for everybody at Catalyst, and then creating meta-packages so that we have groups of users. So, we've got Catalyst Systems Administrators installs, you know, these five people and conflicts with these people who resign, and things like that. It sort of starts to work quite well. So, there's a bunch of other uses for standardisation of systems and so on that you could also use the deviant packages for. The meta-packages that we're using for our systems administrators are very simple. All they contain is a list of packages they depend on or conflict with, and you can do that, you know, for example, nobody at Catalyst seems to like using nano, regardless of it being the thing that gets installed by default on all of our systems. So, you know, somebody sort of adds conflicts with nano into their package. We also use it for packages that do things like all the necessary script and could do a patching on file analysis in a way that fits our standard environment, things like that. And then, once we've got all these deviant packages on there, we begin to be able to manage the systems to know what packages, what versions of everything are installed. So, we came up with a system for gathering host information. Essentially, it gathers package versions names and so on, and then it sort of grew a bit and added a bit more hardware and so on and hardware analysis and protection. Then, we took it a bit further. We started building our applications. So, when we build applications for clients, we build them as deviant packages. So, we get straight into the New Zealand electoral role, for example, which is across about 30 years. So, service, various packages for the database survey and side of the application for the middleware layers on various servers for the front-end layers. So, the whole application ends up being packaged. And if we have to move it across to a new cluster of machines, at some point we can just get installed the electoral role and it's all going. So, we've extended that a lot. So, we use that a lot for much, much more application-y management. These aren't deviant packages in the sense of the packages that are in deviant. Because these are for internal use, we don't insist that everything has a man page. It's not all that useful, for it was to have a man page for a web site. But it's still useful to have them being installable using that to get and we run repositories to help them out and so on. So, this is what a catalyst user package looks like. Installs an account skeleton. You know, the things that people generally want when they set up an account on a machine, bash, bash, I see, vermar see, authorise keys. Then it creates an account when you install a package and it generates a random password for the account and GPG encrypts it. And either it just saves it in a local file in that account or it emails it off to the person concerned. That's going to be a choice. Then, when the package is deleted, so if you go after the remove package, it disables the account but doesn't remove any of the data and if you go after the purge, it removes the account data completely. Yes, sort of model seems to work quite well. If you've got something in conflict, it gets deleted and encouraged so you can upgrade packages and packages that you've deleted. Data that may be important is still there. The host information system that we use also has a package that gets installed on every machine. We have that sent an email to a centralized database every night and we can query it. If anybody is interested, I can show you what it looks like at the moment so we can query package versions and hardware versions and partitioning information and IP addresses and things like that. Looking at this a bit further, you've got to consider what are the security implications of taking this approach. You have to trust the person making the package so these user packages aren't generally made by the general users of the callus. They're made by the systems administrators who have full access to the systems concerned in any case. Because of what goes in the package.  So it's potentially a source for Trojan privilege installations and like that. But you also have to recognize that whenever you install a package on your machine, that's happening. You have to trust everybody when an Indian creates a package that you're going to install on your machine because you're giving them root the whole time. It's just pretty dodgy, I don't know, it's a pretty dodgy character. What I want to do in the future is to turn these scripts into something so that you can go make user package and it'll pull down a template and basically create the basics of a user package and then you can build it and use it for yourself. And I also want to create a make user package script that will just give a list of dependencies and a list of conflicts on the demand line and it will just create a user package. I think they're very useful and they should be more accessible. Feel free to ask questions. What's your version number? My version number, yeah, I'm just curious. Give me your version number, instead of saying the version number of my package. I think there's 21. Have you got any RC box on yourself? Yeah, lots. Are you suitable for release? Yeah, I was thinking about loading the Debian deposit tree just to see when it's still... The host information system that we have is currently client and master packages. So the client package gets installed on every machine and that sends the information about the machine back to the central point. And then the master package is the website that you can browse it for. Hopefully I'll make these two packages available publicly before the end of the year. What are the IP addresses you're sending back? I don't know. It's sending back IP addresses, the NSPCI output, the partition table and some free space information. Well, don't use this for monitoring free space information or things like that. Yeah, this is sort of standard information about it, so mounts and mount points. The users, the groups, and the most important and most useful thing we do is the list of installed Debian packages and their versions. Daily, yeah. We're configured to run daily. So it's a kind of personal life popcorn in a certain sense. Sorry? It's a kind of internal use personal life popcorn with some more information. Sort of, yeah, sort of. It's not really a popcorn because popcorn is really just tracking the numbers of machines using this package and less version-related information. So I'll show it to you. There's only a few more slides here. Well, yeah, on the server side, it's not like popcorn, I mean on the client side, just something that... On the client side, it's similar to popcorn, but on the server side, it's quite different here. That was actually the end. So, you know, I guess I'm interested in what other people have done in this sort of area. And probably you guys are too? Yeah. Does anybody want to share their experience? Yeah, exactly. It's similar to what I've seen. In September, we preceded file, things like that. So to install a new server on my end, my procedure, I've served with one software on one specific basis and configured the way I like it. Very similar to what it's doing with Meta package or things like that. Meta package for all the software in my machine. Meta package specialised for server or Meta package specialised for software to do that network problems and things like that. But I'm now trying to do more and I would like to share experiences package carrying configuration information. What I mean is, I style something. I don't like very well how it is configured by default. I want to install the next package to configure that problem. What I'm doing now is using scripts and patches. I back it around the patch to make it patching the system from the root so I can patch any file that is inside the machine in the patch. Now if I want to do anything around it, click this package with configuration information He uses a centralized LDAP set of fil for our users and so we have to configure each host to change the plan information to actually look at the LDAP so apparently we are kind of doing the same. So we had an accent package which changed the plan information and the live NSS, and the live NSS LDAP, are you sharing that configuration? Yeah, we injected later to go to LAPify the host and put it into our LAP similar. But yeah, we don't have to use a metadata but this is adding this personal It's kind of a combination of using LAP and having your home directory in some version control system that they have in combination. The main reason we didn't go with an LDAP solution is the problem that many of these machines are located at clients' offices on a client's local area network and many of them are located on the internet so we have strongly partitioned client networks so for one client we have a firewall that's on the internet and then a bunch of layers of machines and firewalls behind that which is usually just found possible to get to straightforwardly. Yeah, we have a centre by centre so that's how it works. In a lot of organisations say a university or something like that you're going to have a lot more possibilities Yeah, except that it doesn't use a metadata that might change the route you're seeing and stuff that's not supported only setting your shell. How does the call back work? How does the information back to HPV email? The email. All of the machines can't be able to see the email that we're setting up just because there's a lot of systems administration tasks that can happen over email so if a call job goes wrong the client expects to be able to see the email for the year so all of the machines have to be able to see the email they don't all have to have access to HTTP for a site or something like that and we generally don't want this information to be we don't want it to be hard to access internally so there's no authentication on this that I can't get on to the site and share with you. For the question I've got I understand the question and the start of the data for my PC and I to share information and I want to waste my time on the things I'm curating everywhere so in fact I use two things I use a meta-package which contains the whole package the dependency that I want to to install on each PC by class so there is a desktop one desktop 3 desktop it's 60 86 desktop AMD 64 and all this kind of thing I install it but it just takes packages works quite well but with Unstable it's a problem that from time to time it's great because the package which is not up to date or something like that it's great because the main package you have to install the main package remember to install it from the breakage period so it's quite an easy you just have to check on the package to synchronise because for Unstable at the same time nothing is broken very complicated and for the configuration file I use the puppet which is like CRMG works pretty well you have the central repository you don't have to be connected you just have to be connected once and once you get this you if you can connect let's say once in a week you access the puppet central repository you pull many configuration files and you configure your system you have your own script it's pretty well done I think it's really a bit memory consuming but why not? and you have a script to extract idea of your account and create account using the vets for the startup and what so it works and what?


I'm in charge of the boys for a few minutes this morning. Look at this entertainment out the window. Oh yeah, not that my good entertainment out the window. Do not a bad view, YouTube. Welcome to Boulder, Colorado. This is where I went to college nine years ago, so it's been a little while, and this is the cross-country course for the University of Colorado. I'm gonna share some stories about this course here in a minute. Oh my gosh, so many memories right behind me. But before I do that, we gotta get our warm-up on in the Peg 35s. There they are. And I'm reading your comments, everybody. You are calling for a comparison between the turbos and the 35s. So that is coming up not today, but I will compare these two shoes, how they feel, what they feel like underfoot, the upper, all that good stuff. So stay tuned for that later in the week. But guys, I gotta get my warm-up. This is the first speed workout of 2018. I gotta get these legs moving forward. Come on, come on. And what's the old adage? If you don't use it, you lose it. Gotta keep those legs moving. Gotta keep those legs, turn over. Turn over, baby, turn over. The Peg is this 35s, baby, before the warm-up they felt amazing, just as good as yesterday. Wow. Okay, but somebody did comment on yesterday's vlog. Go check it out. And they talked about how they felt like their heel was slipping in the shoe a little bit. I didn't feel it today on the second attempt in the shoe, but if you feel like you're heel slipping in the 35s, let me know. All right, first workout of 2018 happening right now. Six by 1K repeats with 60-second rest on a cross-country course, so dirt, which I'm doing it on dirt because the race that I'm doing in 10 days from now is a buffed-out trail run. It's meaning the trail is very smooth and clear. So, ready for a little turbo action? Yeah, all right, let's do it. I forgot one last thing. Basically, the Pegasus Turbos, they felt fast when I ran in them two days ago. They did not feel like a everyday trainer. They felt like a tempo shoe to me, so that's why I'm wearing them today in this 1K repeat workout, just testing, seeing how they feel going faster rather than a little slower. Like I ran, I think, 720, 730 pace in these three days ago, and they did not feel comfortable at that pace. So, let's stay tuned. I'm gonna let you know how they feel at, well, I don't know what pace I'm gonna go. I'm gonna go as fast as I can. Let's roll. Or should I say, let's turbo. It's in the books. This is a cross-country course, so I'm just kind of marking it off. Approximately, that first 1K was 335. Okay, 60 seconds rest. Then number two, I don't do workouts. That hurt like none other. Question of the day, how often do you do interval or speed training in your workout regimen? Oh, that was the first really speed intervals of 2018. I know why I don't do them now. College, we did that twice a week. Right on this course. Who's up there? Being invaded, being invaded. Let's go eat some Jersey Mike's subs. Oh man, welcome home, everybody. Welcome home, YouTube.   This is my car. What's that? Yeah, I'll start it back. I'll be back in like 30 minutes, YouTube. I'll be back in like 30 minutes. I gotta eat dinner because I'm about to pass out. Tonight's editing station. Tonight's editing station. All right, folks, I gotta get the shoes zesty for their photo shoot. They're clean, they're clean. Right over there, they're looking good, looking fresh, looking zesty. All right guys, I said this maybe three times already this week. I'm not going to sugarcoat it. I'm not gonna sugarcoat my gear reviews and I'm not gonna sugarcoat how I feel after a hard workout. My planter hurts like. It hurts. It's killing me. It hurts. It's fascinating. I woke up, it felt good. And usually your planter does not feel good in the morning because at night, the tendon gets tight. Basically, thank you for all your comments and concerns from the last two or three days about my planter. And I've suffered from planter fasciitis throughout my entire life actually. And I'm gonna reveal something to you soon about what happened in college with my planter at the University of Colorado. So, the University of Colorado, let's talk about CU Boulder. On that cross-country course, that is a, that cross-country course I was running on today. It's a love-hate relationship. I walked on to the, all right, hold on. I gotta set my phone down. I'm just too excited. High schoolers, listen to me. I was not recruited out of high school. I was not recruited out of high school. What was my high school 5K PR? Any guesses? Any guesses? Comment below. Hip pause, hip pause. 1627. 1627, 1627. That's good, but it's not division one good. So I was not recruited out of high school. Therefore, I had a dream. I had a goal to fight for, to walk on to the University of Colorado's cross-country team, which at the time had just won the division one national championship. And fortunately, I did it. I did it. I walked on. I walked on.  So I did a time trial and I made it onto the team. High schoolers, don't give up. If you want to run competitively and all of you guys like that are in high school, you're commenting on like your 5K PRs from the video last week, keep the comments coming about your goals and dreams. Guys, you can do this too. If I can make a division one program, you definitely can. All right, back to the shoe, back to the workout today. I started out in the Pegasus 35 and I thought I had died and gone to heaven.  So I put on the turbo and it actually felt, it felt great underfoot. Now listen, the outsole on the bottom of the shoe is not made for that much dirt or definitely not gravel dirt, which is what I was running on a little bit today. So I was slipping around a little bit, I think on a really nice buffed out trail or a completely flat trail, it would be great. But on a gravelly trail, is that even a word gravelly? On a gravelly trail, not so good. So the outsole was interesting and I could feel my planter throughout the workout, but I pushed through. I think I'll just rattle the times off. Half of it was uphill, half of it was downhill. I was anywhere between 330, basically 330's on the uphill 1K and 305 on the downhill 1K. So I was very pleased, it was a great workout. My first, this was my first workout of 2018 and it hurt as you saw at the end there. Like I know, I love running far and hard consistently, but man, starting and stopping and going into oxygen debt and working on your anaerobic threshold and oh, so I'm not, I gotta work on it. That's what I gotta work on in 2019. Anyways, I almost kept the Pegasus 35 on for the workout but I decided to go with the Turbo. Now this is not my official comparison video between these two shoes, that's coming up. I wanna do plenty more running in both of them before I compare them and see how they, because I know a lot of you guys are wearing this shoe. All right, key word of the day, comment below if you've made it this far in the video and you hear this word or words, planter fasciitis. Just kidding, just kidding. Does anybody know how to spell planter fasciitis? If you do, bonus points. Instead, type PF, shortening planter fasciitis to PF down below and basically Bridget and I, true love and I, my wife, we have started calling planter fasciitis PF around the house. Like how's your PF instead of saying it out? So if you've made it this far, thank you. Comment below, PF, that'd be amazing and that is all for today folks. Thank you for answering the question of the day about your workout routine and like what you do for speed work. I'd love to know down in the comments again. And oh yeah, there's gonna be a playlist that pops out all about the Nike running shoes. Go up there, upper right hand corner, check out that playlist. If you're interested in watching some time trials in some of these shoes behind me, upper right hand corner and welcome to all the new subscribers, by the way. New video every single day and I'll be doing another time trial later this week. Stay tuned. Oh, it's gonna hurt. Oh, it's gonna hurt. Love ya. See beauty. Work hard, work hard, yeah? Yeah? And love each other. See ya.


T-intuitionistic fuzzy graphs are a powerful tool to analyse and display relationships that are difficult to understand, establish complex relationships with multiple factors or dimensions of a physical situation under consideration, and have practical applications in decision-making and policy-planning in complex societal issues. This article was authored by Asim Aarazakh, Ibtizam Masmali, Leila Latif, and others.


Guitar and Excel spreadsheet creation mapping the path to fretboard enlightenment part number four Get ready because it's time for our guitar skills to Excel Here we are in Excel if you don't have access to this workbook That's okay because we basically built this from a blank worksheet, but we started in a prior presentation So if you're starting with a blank worksheet, you may want to begin back there if you do have access to this workbook There's four tabs currently down below an example tab to starting point tabs a blank tab The example tab is the finished product the end work in essence the answer key The starting point tabs will give those various starting points as we work through this long practice problem Which will correlate to the video presentations the blank tab is where we started with a blank worksheet And now we're continuing at this point in time Let's give a quick recap of what we have done thus far and then what we're planning to do from here We started out by mapping out our musical alphabet and letters a a sharp b c c sharp d d sharp e and then there's no sharp to the f f sharp g and then G sharp and then back to a and then we repeated it two times We assigned a number to it because we noted that it's kind of hard to sing the musical alphabet with the sharps and flats And what not in there and be able to say it forwards and backwards And if you number them one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve Twelve eleven ten nine eight seven six five four three two one much easier to go up and back Therefore we are recommending that it might be something that you want to memorize highly Recommending to do that then we combine them together so we can see them as one here seeing both the number and the letter Representing the actual notes remembering that these numbers are not Representing the numbers in a scale they are representing the absolute numbers the numbers that don't change a c is the fourth note in the musical alphabet if you start counting from A being one Okay, so then we used we also created our fretboard starting with the concept that that Using our numbers first and just noting that a fretboard is designed with an e a d g b e Set up putting the related notes mapping out the fretboard so it maps out two times over So we are repeating the fretboard out to 24 so it repeats two times over the black areas are the repeated areas And then we used the fancy x lookup tool to then create this information and pull in the Letters and the numbers so now we've got this great fretboard that is mapped out that we can use to basically Start to analyze Whatever it is we want to do on the guitar and so now we're going to go over here and Continue let's go to the example tab to see what's next so we've created This and now what we want to do is make this table And that's going to help us to make this nice little chart, which will then show us the the Scale that we're working in and it will show us the related chords that we can work with as well as the intervals And we'll do it both in numbers as well as numbers and letters And these then will be right next to our fretboards so that if I wanted to hide some cells for example going from here to here And right click and hide Those cells they're going to be side by side and I can see this right next to the fretboard And it's really useful to work like that. So I'm going to right click and unhide Let's go back to the blank tab And get it get into it All right, so I'm going to be over on the left hand side I'm going to make a skinny ad I'm just going to make a skinny ad here. So we don't want anything right next to we don't like the tables next to each other We like to have a spacer Column that's just standard excel practice. It's kind of like a picky eater That doesn't like like the mashed potatoes squished together with the peas in there They need to have a divider between them if not a physical one at least some space And then we're going to say we're going to make our table. This is going to be the number So we'll make our table up top. This is going to be the number. This is going to be the The formula. Let's call it the Formula And this will make sense once we start work once we start adding the information And this is going to be the note number I'm going to call it the note number And this is going to be the note number number and Letter i'm just going to put l for letter And then this is going to be the distance Or interval Turbo from root Let's call it for now. We might change that later. All right. I changed it a little bit I'm going to change this to scale relative number. This is going to be the formula This is going to be the note number note number and i'll say letter letter And this is going to be the interval from the root So i'm going to select these as my headers then i'm going to go to the home tab And we will go to the font. Let's make it black and white as we normally do with the headers alignment Let's wrap the text this time and then i'm going to alignment and center it now when I wrap the text it makes this cell Quite large and it kind of messes everything up to the left But that's usually not too big of a problem when you're in a header when you're in the header Cell so I don't think it's going to bother us too much at this time Now if it does become problematic some workarounds of that is we can come up we can come up with abbreviations Of our headers so they don't have to be so long Or we can cut the header up and put the scale here and then the and the relative number down below it So it takes up two cells which will still look like one cell once we highlight it And so we so we'll look into possibly those possibilities if we becomes a problem later But for now we'll keep this and we're going to say all right So the scale relative number the reason I want to say relative number Is because we're unless make this I can make this as small as I can To have it three size high so is because it's going to be different than the number that's absolute This is an absolute one is an a if we're seeing it as an a the relative number means What's the number of the scale that we're working in so so i'm going to call it This is the one two and it's just going to be going down to 12 So i'll just copy that down to 12 Uh, right there Okay, and then the formula And let's look at it this way first. I'm going to put the note number here The note number is going to be let's start with a four which is c and c is the easiest To work in because there's no sharps in flats So and also if you're the the guitar is kind of tuned to work quite well in the key of c And it's relative minor a and to work in the key of g and it's relative minor e So those are some common Those are some common Scales to start practicing in and they also line up c of course lines up quite well to a piano people that are Starting to play the piano and whatnot. So i'm going to make this as small as we can to still fit there and then So then we're going to say all right Let's then also just show the The related letter and number so what I want to do is use my x lookup tool here To say if that's a number four, I want to pick up the the four c from this table So we'll use our nice x lookup tool again equals x lookup Tab and we have the lookup value. I want to look up that number four comma the lookup array I want to look it up in these numbers because I want that four right there. So i'm had control shift down Selects the entire thing and then comma and then the return array I want you to give me this one with both of them in there That's what I want you to give you and it'll come up with that c4 or 4c Control shift down will select the entire thing if you hold control backspace It'll take you back up to the top And that's what we want so we can close that up and so there's the c4 Okay, and then I'm going to want to be able to copy that down. So if I double click on it This cell right here. I want that cell to be able to move therefore I don't need any absolutes or mixed references no dollar signs here But there I want these two arrays to stay the same so everything in here I'm going to say f4 Putting a dollar sign before the a's and the two making it absolute same here I'll put my cursor in here f4 on the keyboard Dollar sign before the a's and the number here f4 dollar sign before the letters and numbers and here Dollar sign before the letters and numbers. I should be able to copy this down So next what I would like to do is put the interval when we think about a major scale The introvert of the major scale is what we think of as The holes in half steps now when I think of intervals a whole step is two Notes so two notes whole step whole step half step one note whole step whole step whole step half step That's the formula for a major a major scale. So what does a major scale mean whatever note we're starting on We're applying these distances. We're going from that note a whole step up which is defined as Two notes up. That's what a whole step is And then two notes up from there and then a half step Which is just one note up a whole step a whole step a whole step and then a half step So you kind of memorize that formula that you just have to memorize it right whole whole half whole whole half Now if you remember it in numbers It would be two notes two notes one note two note two note two note one note Remember that the whole whole half stuff too doesn't have anything to do With the sharps and flats Because the sharps and flats Really have nothing there's nothing special about a sharp or a flat. It's not any different than any other notes I think from a music theory standpoint It looks to me like what happened is music developed around kind of like the c scale and that's why the c to g is all in uh The musical alphabet And then when you started to to widen that Perspective that has now been lettered to add the other notes You had to use these sharps and flats that came into play Which makes it seem like the sharps and flats are something different than the other notes But they're not because they're just they're just if you start from a different point Then you'll be using the sharps and flats now the guitar and the piano are tuned So that they work better and I mean, you know, they work differently in different notes. So obviously Uh a piano if you just play all the white notes It sounds good in and of itself because that's in the key of c But if you want to play in any other key, it gets a little bit more complicated because you have to change the pattern Uh with the guitar The open strings become quite useful So so if you want to play in open position Then it lends itself to playing certain keys, but in theory There's no difference really between the sharps and flats. So anyways, here's there's our formula So then I can say what I'm going to do is take the four plus two So this is our running balance This is like a running balance for for accounting and then I can just put my cursor here and copy that down So now I'm just taking the last one plus The interval the last one plus the interval gives us our running balance We had four we added two now we're at six then we added two we're at eight We added one we're at nine we added two we're at 11 But there's a problem because I shouldn't be able to go past 13 And notice if I copy this down We'll get the right Numbers here until we get to here and then we get an error an error So if we go from four to six we got four five six or c Uh c sharp to d right because it because there's a c sharp here, right? We we'd be we'd be at c c sharp and then d two notes and then I go from Uh two notes up to eight So we we've got six seven eight eights and e or d two notes up d sharp and then e right So here's a d and then d sharp and then an e and then I only go one note up from there But note that when I go from e there's no there's no sharp after e that's where it's weird That's where on the piano you don't have the black note in between And you just have to know that but if you just number them Then it's not an issue right because you're just going to say that's from eight to nine And and it's just one note, right? It's just one note if you just count it from one to 12 And so that sharp and flat thing Isn't really an issue if you just number the notes because then that's why it can be easier sometimes And then it goes to 11 two steps so nine 10 11, which is a g Uh, but if you if you count this way nine Is an f and then uh f sharp and then the g But then it goes to 13 and we can't do that so I have to do a more fancy formula So let's say okay. How can I do a formula? So I so this will all work out like good And I don't have to do So I'm gonna I'm gonna delete this and I'm gonna do this again using our logic function equals if brackets I'm gonna say if this cell plus that cell And let's put some brackets around that just to make sure It takes that whole thing if that whole thing brackets around it is If that whole thing is less than 13 we're taking 13 this time because this is going to add up to If it's something over if it's 12, it's okay because then it would be a g sharp But if it's 13, then it's no good. We can't do that. So if it's less than 13 What do we want you to do comma if that's true, then I just want you to take this Plus this just do what you would normally do, but if it's not true. What do we want you to do? I want you to take this plus this And then it would be over 13 If it's over 13, I have to subtract out 12 because 12 is the number of Of notes in here. So I'm going to take that plus that I mean if it came out to 13 you'd subtract 12 and it would get you down to 1 or a right so minus minus 12 And then I'm going to say okay, so there it is Boom, so it still gives us the 6 here, but when I take it down to To here copying it down See see then it takes me so then I'm okay right here, right? It didn't take me above 12 It took me back to 1 or a so there's our there's where the fanciness happens Fanciness has happened right before our eyes with excel. It's helped us greatly Oh, by the way, so now I did now I messed up this though. This is uh Whole whole half whole whole half and then this is going to repeat itself again So So I can then say okay And let's take it down. I think we should only really need to take it down to like 16 and because note that We we start at c and then we've got one two three four five six seven notes And a scale a court and then it goes back to the one Uh, which is which is going to go back to the c So if I number you can see this note as either A one or an eight if you were going to continue up an octave, right? So I can see this as it's going from the one in the scale two three four five six seven And then back to one or I could say it's going up to the next octave And I might name it the eighth and the ninth and you know an eight nine ten You could kind of continue on so i'm going to go ahead and continue on Numbering it up this way To 16 So let's number it up to 16 And then I will copy my intervals By saying the intervals are going to then repeat or back at one Which isn't represented by an eight and then i'm going to say that this equals the two above And then when I copy that relative cell down It'll copy the the same Pattern and the pattern will repeat itself. So nice little trick little excel trick and then I can copy these down And everything should work Uh, very nicely. So I'll copy this down. And so there's our formula So now we've got We start at c which is is the four up two notes to a six Which is a d up two notes to an eight, which is an e up one note to a nine, which is an f up two notes 11 Which is a g up two notes 11 12 and then back to one Which is an a and then again now we go to two notes up which is going to a three And then we go One note up which is going to a four or a c and then two notes up to a six or d and so on and so forth Okay, and then it's sometimes it might be useful to see how far away Something is from The root note. So this is the interval from note to note Right from each note to note But sometimes it might be useful to say well, if that's the one note if that's my root How far away? What's the interval from the root? So obviously the first one is going to be just zero Because it's it's it's is the root the next one I can say well the the distance from the note to the root is this six minus the four So notice how the numbers are useful here then the next one would be eight minus four But once again, we're going to run into a problem when we do this Because we're going to end up going over Like like what if this is a one? Is the the interval wouldn't really make sense if it was One minus four is going to give us like a negative number So it's like, okay, how can I do a logical function to try to give us each of these notes? Distance from that root note So let's try to do a fancy formula like that So i'm going to say on the second one i'm going to say Logic test if so equals if brackets here's our if then function again or formula We're going to say if this minus this And let's put brackets around it Just to make sure it's that minus that if that thing is greater than Zero if it's greater than zero, so it's a positive number. What do we want you to do then comma? We just want you to take this minus that But comma if it becomes less than zero, what do we want you to do? We want you to take this minus that still But it will be a negative number and to get it back to where it should be We're going to say plus 12 because there's 12 notes And that should get us back to where we want to be so i'm going to say there it is boom now to copy that down However, there's some of these cells I don't want to move down because I want to compare everything to this note right here. So the four which is an ag Ag2 this one needs to be absolute. I want the six to move down, but not the four So everything that has an ag2 i'm going to make absolute by selecting f4 Dollar sign before the letter and number So here's another ag2 putting my cursor there f4 dollar sign before the letter and number. Here's another one ag2 f4 dollar sign before the letter and number and enter Now if I put my fill hander here and copy it down You can see the intervals look like they're doing what we would expect So this would be six minus four. This is eight minus four. This is nine minus four. This is 11 Minus four and this here's where the key is to see if it works with this negative number because it this would be one minus four But no, it's an it becomes a nine not a negative three because The the distance between the two if we go like around The horn is going to be nine not negative three In other words, for example, if you counted up from four You'd say four if I counted my fingers four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve and then It goes back to one Which is the nine one if you count that out on your fingers four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve And then back to one So nine it looks correct. So then I can copy that down. So I think that's I think that's right And so i'm going to copy that all the way down here And it gets a little bit tricky when we get above You know above here because you can kind of think of this as another octave up Or I can think of it as a repeat of that d So if it was another octave up, you might think it's like 12 plus two because it's that's the distance But I'm just going to keep it. I'm not going to do that. I'm just going to keep it at this distance here Which means the distance between the closest d and the closest c you could you could get fancy and try to do something Different with that but I'm going to keep it where we're at. So then I'm going to select all of this stuff I'm going to make it my normal formatting home tab font group. We'll hit the bucket drop down. I'm going to make it blue And bordered and it's about as thin. I'm going to make this a little bit thinner as thin as I can without Making it to wrap So there we have it. All right. So next time we're going to take this information and we'll use it to create Then this bit Which will give us which will give us that and we'll see this one As well giving us the letter and the number of whatever Key that we're in notice if I go back to the blank tab that we can change the key. We might want to make this one green Home tab font group. I'll make that one green because that's kind of the key To switching everything up. So if I wanted to switch this entire thing to any other major Scale all I have to do is change this if I change it to an a that'd be a one Everything else will change automatically and this formula will change automatically if I want to change it to a d That would be a six and then everything else will change automatically because The formula the whole whole half whole whole half formula Is based off whatever root we put into it So we're going to keep it at four which is a c because the c's don't have those sharps and flats And that's usually the first You know scale that people get familiar with so we'll keep at the familiar scale But you can obviously that's the key to flipping it to different scales and then experimenting with them


I'm reminded of a story of a Jewish man one time came to Sayyidina Umar, R.A., and said to him, Sif lana Habibak, described her beloved to us. So the Jewish man, he knew who the beloved of Sayyidina Umar was. He didn't say Nabi Yaqar or Kursula or something. Sif lana Habibak. And Sayyidina Umar, he said, this is difficult. So why is it difficult? So this is just a very difficult thing to do. And so the Jewish man, he kind of lost his patience and he went to Sayyidina Ali. So this was during the caliphate of Sayyidina Umar. And he said, Sif lana Habibak, described her beloved. And Sayyidina Ali, he said to him, he said, Sif lana Mata'a Dunya, described for us the pleasures of the world. And the man said, oh, you're going to have to be more specific to that. And then he says, how do you expect me to describe the one who was addressed by Allah SWT? Verily, you dominate magnificent, magnanimous character. So the ethos of the Prophet Sulelah is something that is just unfathomable, is incredible. The kind of human being that he was.  You know, as one of my colleagues said, visit his wife during the day, he would fight the Byzantines in the afternoon, and then pray to Hajj at night. Mashallah. So innaka la'ala khulu ki na'aleen. And he was meditating about the khuluq of the Prophet Sulelah. And something that's just amazing is the Prophet Sulelah said that in a position of power which forgives people. And this is incredible, you know, because that's true virtue. Someone who doesn't have power, imagine like a really weak man. You know, someone tries to pick a fight with him on the street or something. And he says, look, I didn't engage. He doesn't have the power to even physically defend himself. That's not virtue. That's weakness. You shouldn't confuse weakness for virtue. Or someone who has an incredible ability to defend the faith, right? Using da'ala'in. Proofs that are rational and scriptural. And someone is trying to go to him into this type of polemical debate or something where there's, you know, where, you know, people are sort of, it's a type of jihad that is reaching good character. And he restraints himself. You know, that's virtue. Not someone who says, well, I didn't engage, but I didn't know anything. That's not virtue. The Prophet Sulelah said during the conquest of Mecca, this was incredible. That when he came into the city and Sa'id bin Urbada, radiallahu anhu, when he passed by Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, he was saying, al-yawma yawmu al-malhama al-dallallahu qureisha. That today is the day of slaughter, the basement of the Qureish. Right? And so word reached the Prophet Sulelah that this is what Sa'id was saying. His name is Sa'id. Ibn Uba'az now. And so the Prophet Sulelah, he said, go tell him not to say that. And so this writer approached him and he said, don't say this. And he said, I don't believe you. And so the writer came back to the Prophet Sulelah, and the Prophet took off his blessed imama, and he said, present this to Sa'id and take the liwa from him, the standard that he was holding. But give it to his son, Faiz. And this is the genius, the hikmah of the Prophet Sulelah. He's taking the standard from him, would hurt his feelings as it were, because he's holding the standard of the Muslims. But give it to his son, Sa'id's son. So that when you honor the son, you automatically honor the father.  So the Prophet Sulelah, he passed by Abu Sufyan and he said, al-yawma yawmu al-malhama. You're Izzullah of Qureishan. Today is a day of mercy, the exaltation of the Qur'an. This is incredible. We think about it. It's really incredible. La tafriba aleykum al-yawm. So you find in the previous prophets, all of the fada'il of the previous prophets are in him, Sa'ad Allah, he says. And you look at the sort of story of Yusuf A.S. He was rejected by his brothers, was forced into exile, came into a position of power, and then had the ability to exact retribution from his brethren, and he forgave them. This is exactly what happens in the life of the Prophet Muhammad, and even quotes from Surah Yusuf at the conquest of Mecca. Today there's no blemish upon him. This is true virtue. He was the most formidable and courageous of human beings. But true courage is balanced. There's something called foolhardiness, where you sort of plunge yourself into danger without thinking. That's not wise. And then the other extreme of that is cowardice, where you fail to respond. So he is the pinnacle of ethics. The pinnacle of good ethics, Salam A.S. And this is an area of study just by itself. It's incredible. On the day of Qazwa B'uhr, as we heard as well, the Prophet, Salam A.S., reported that he injured his blessed face and there was blood streaming down his face, but he was trying to catch the blood with his hands and absorbing the blood with his clothes. And the Sahaba said, What are you doing? And he said, If one drop of blood should strike the earth, then immediately the angels will come and vanquish all of our enemies. And so they said, Let it flow. And they saw him a short time later with his hands raised. Oh, it's game over now. Allahumma hadhi qawmi, Innahum la ya'nami. This is what he said, Salallahu alayhi s-salam. There's something similar attributed to Isa alayhi s-salam and the New Testament Gospels and the Gospel of B'ud, but almost all scholars, sexual critics, believe it's a fabrication that he didn't actually, that Isa alayhi s-salam did not say this. Support, apparently said it while crucified. Of course, But it should be alone. So these are the virtues of our prophet, Salallahu alayhi s-salam. And the Barakah of B'ud, he brought up the drawing of the prophet, Salallahu alayhi s-salam. And the drawings of those days was poetry. The poet, the Sha'ir had a lot of power. If a Sha'ir that was well known insulted you or lampooned you, or lambasted you in a poem, that could stay for generation after generation after generation. They were feared of the poems, and they were beloved. They would have poetry contests, right? The Mu'allakata al-Saba'a, the Seven Greatest Odes would be hung in the Ka'ba, right? So when the prophet, Salallahu alayhi s-salam, came into Medina, Medina al-Munawara, there was a man, Hassan ibn Thabit, who would later become a companion. He was a great poet. And so the Mushrikeen in Medina, who would become the Munafiqeen, right?  And so Hassan ibn Thabit, they gave him some money, right? Here's some money. So Hassan, he said, you know, he was waiting by a certain road, and the prophet, Salallahu alayhi s-salam, passed by, and then he sees the prophet, Salallahu alayhi s-salam, and then he just, he is in awe, and then he goes back to the Mushrikeen, and he says, here, I don't need this anymore. I don't need your money. He said, did you write something? He said, yeah, I wrote it. What is it? He said, He said, he said, when I saw his lights approaching, it was like an war, lights were approaching. I had to cover my eyes because of the illumination. I was fearful of losing my eyesight because of the beauty of his countenance. He said, it was like a soul made of light. His body looked like the full moon. He looks like a mantle stitched together with illuminous stars. Muhammad is a human being. He is like a gem or a ruby, while other men are stones. A gem is also a stone. It's the same genus. He's not saying he's an angel or something like that. He's not so demigod. He's still a human being. But he's like a diamond. He's like a diamond. He's like a diamond. He's like a diamond. He's like a diamond. But he's like a diamond. The greatest of human beings. This is just one glance into the countenance of the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam. And the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam, he was... He had these virtues. He was a long-suffering person. He was very, very forgiving. You know, we have to learn the Sunnah. I mentioned this the other day in the Khutbah people, they go on these YouTube rabbit holes. And they come across channel after channel after channel of antiques and content. And it gets them into this type of crisis. But they fail to put things in perspective. As he said again, I'm taking everything from the Mother Earth. When Kofar speak about the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam, it's like dogs barking at the moon. Does it affect the majesty of the moon as it traverses the sky? One, Iona, it's a total waste of time to insult the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam. It gets you nowhere. It's a total waste of time. And Allah SWT tells us, Wala tastu wa l-khabibu wa'ta'ib. You know, good and foul things and good things are not the same. Wala a'ajabaka tathlatu l-khabib. Even if the sheer abundance of the fowness would dazzle you. It's so amazing, there's so much of it. Thattakullah ya'ulil al-bath. Fear God. Oh, people of deep understanding. The people of lup, the people of essential understanding. They know. They put things in perspective. They know he is the Shafi'ah on the Yom al-Qiyamah.  Who cares? Are you kidding me? The leaves of the trees of Jannah, they have the name of the Prophet SAW. The Arsh of Allah SWT says, The name of the Prophet SAW is on the Arsh of Allah SWT.  We should pity them. Really? We should make dua for them. We should want their guidance. The Prophet SAW, the guidance of the worst of his enemies. He would not give up on them. This is what I mean when I say he's long suffering. He would not give up. If you're 20 years of fighting, you know, the Prophet SAW, he came up with Sufi'ah and said, Isn't it about time for you to acknowledge who I am? I'm about to take over Mecca. Isn't this a sign to break these idols? Isn't it about time? And he said, Is this religion? This is what he cared about, ultimately. This is what he cared about, ultimately. This is what he cared about, ultimately. The woman who cannibalized Hamza, on the battlefield, is the Quraysh who would do things like this. She came to him completely veil. Hind had been to Ritba. Completely veil. And she said, Praise be to the one who made his religion victorious. And he said, Who are you? Hind. Welcome. And Hamza was, you know, his uncle, but he was more like his brother. They were almost the same age. Like his brother. She cannibalized his brother. Because the point is, come into Islam. This is incredible power to be able to do something like this. When you could flex in just you could have done it. And he's well within his rights to do that. But to forgive for the sake of Allah, Subhanahu wa Ta'ala. Forgive the man, All of the leaders of the Musharri-Keen at the battle of Uhur, most of the leaders on that day became Muslims. Amr Ibn al-A'as who was fighting against the Prophet, he said to his son on his deathbed, Abdullah. He said there was a time when I hated the Prophet, so much. I fought against him in many battles. And then there came a time I loved him so much. I couldn't raise my eyes to his because I was all struck by him. And if you ask me right now what did he look like, I don't even really remember because I couldn't look him in the eyes when I became Muslim. And this is a person that the Prophet so much loved to. Someone who was fighting against him. He showed him so much love that Amr Ibn al-A'as came to the Prophet one day and he said, Ahabun Nass He said who do you love the most from humanity? And the Prophet What do you love most from humanity? What do you love most from humanity? And the Prophet said You see? His wife. He loved his wife. And some of the more tough desert Arabs they don't they don't admit you love your wife. It's part of the culture of the tough. He said whoever lives in the desert becomes sort of gruff. Like if the better one would come and ask the Prophet some questions the Sahaba had mixed feelings about it because they loved the questions but they were kind of rough with the Prophet so much. They would grab his clothes and they wouldn't address him by his title or things like that. When the man came urinated in the masjid the Sahaba got up to address the man you know what that means the guy is in trouble and the Prophet said let him finish and then the Prophet goes up himself imagine if this happened today imagine if he wouldn't make it out of the masjid on life imagine a homeless man or something like that who comes in and can't find a bathroom what's gonna happen to this man Subhanallah He said you know brother this is a Yara Akhir Ara Oh my Arab brother you know this is an appealing to him you know this is a masjid this is a place of salawat of car we don't do these things he said oh I didn't know and then when the man was leaving the masjid he turned around because the Sahaba scared him he said he said oh Allah have mercy on me and on the Prophet and nobody else how can that mean the Prophet laughed and he said you're constricting the Rahmah don't constrict them it's okay to offer everybody you know this is incredible as the brother mentioned again they're making fun of his name in Mecca you know which has the opposite meaning of Muhammad the Sahaba were sad and they're this is terrible and the Prophet said and he said oh this Quraysh are strange what strange weird people they are what do you mean and master tactician defuse the entire situation with a bit of humor he said they're reviving this Wudemna I'm Muhammad I'm the most prayers who are they talking about that's not me people draw pictures that's what some loser drew who is the Prophet we have a picture of him in the Qur'an he said the Prophet the Prophet has more beloved to the believers of their own selves he said he said he said he was more beloved to us the shape here means something that was brought into existence something that was willed into existence does not include in this context it doesn't include Allah so out of all of creation out of everything that is willed into existence he was the most beloved to us even more than cold water he's using analogy in the desert Arab understanding he really loves the Prophet cold water in the desert Arab that's Jannah on earth as a word so there's many things we can say but I'm going to put it short inshallah ta'ala Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala accept this from us Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala put us under the banner of the Prophet and make us of those benefit from the Shafa'ah Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala give us a trophy to be implemented in all the Qadir of the Prophet in our lives inshallah


The Great Search. The Great Search. Every single week where Lady Aida uses all of her powers of engineering to show you how to find all the cool things on digikey.com and Lady Aida, this week there was a forum post or the person who had a question. That's right. Do you want to show the forum post? Do you want to show the thing? What do you want to do? Yeah. Let's go to the forum post first. All right. Okay. And if you all ever have a desk of Lady Aida great search thing, post it up in the forums because that way we'll definitely see it, but you can also like, you know, put it in the chat. Okay. Thanks for the great timing. All right. So what is it this week? Okay. So Eric says, I've purchased many AFU sensor break up boards, can't resist them. And I recently bought three BME 280 sensor boards. The green LED on that board is so bright and beautiful. I want to order them for myself to use in my projects. Can you tell me what the part number is? I'm living in the Netherlands, back in the war from Farnal in Digikey. Digikey ships internationally and people love doing that. Oh my God. Every time you say Digikey, that's the secret word of the day. All right. This is like our spare phone. Weird. Okay. Sorry about that. Okay. So somebody wants to know about these green LEDs. So let's go to the overhead real fast and look at this green LED. Okay. So this LED, it's an 0603 LED. And it's our power indicator LED that we put on our modules to let you know that it's plugged in and powered. Really handy. You want to make sure that your power, your system is working. It's a great little visual indicator to make sure that it's plugged in. So just in some boards, like this one does not have a power LED a lot. Some of our boards do not. A lot of our feathers don't. So this LED is an 0603 LED and it's an ultra high brightness 0603 LED. And it's green. And so I picked those two things for a reason. One, human eyesight is most sensitive to green. Like green is blindingly bright to us compared to other colors. You're going to get a little bit more boost for the current, like for the amount of photons hitting your eye, you're going to get the most oomph out of green. Now, technically it's 550 nanometers. This is a 525 530 nanometer LED. And the reason I do that is because there's a couple different, like semiconductor physics techniques to make LEDs. You can like bond materials together to make that PN diode that's emitting light. And the red, yellow and yellow green LEDs use one, I think it's in-gan. And those I find you are not as bright as to the eyes than when you go with the green, the pure green or blue or white LEDs. And they use a different chemistry. And I find those to be like much brighter and clearer. And so, you know, normally on LEDs that like I will show a, hold on. I'm trying to find, I actually don't. Okay, so I have a metro. Let me show a metro LED. So if you look on here, these LEDs, now they're quite bright, but these are using red, yellow and yellow green. And you can see the difference in the yellow green versus the bright green. It is like, this is a 20 milliamp LED. And this one I'm driving at like 100 microamps or less. So I'm using much, much less power because it's a high brightness LED with that pure green output. It's going to be much brighter than these yellow green LEDs. And the side effect of that is that I use much less power, but it looks quite good despite it. But you're going to pay a little bit more. So that's why I used a pure green LED even though on many dev boards, I tend not to. I tend to use the red, yellow and yellow green LEDs on those. For the STEMQTs, I make them a little special or pure green. So let's go to Digikey and show how to find the pure green LED. So first I found this cool mental floss article about the brightest color that it is that our eyes can see and it's 555 nanometers and it's about a jacket. But yeah, green LEDs, you got to be careful because they can really blind people. You can also use blue LEDs, but I think blue LEDs are a little passe. So let's go to Digikey. And so let's search for an 0603 LED. So 0603 green. Well, let's not search for green. Let's search for 0603 LED. And we want a discrete LED. Again, there's kits, there's arrays, there's all sorts of stuff. But we want just individual LEDs. One thing to watch for is, you know, and I have been bit by this. There's 0603 metric and there's 0603 imperial. 99% of the time when somebody you're talking to is talking about 1206, 0805, 0603 LEDs, they mean imperial, which means in metric it's 1608. I know. It's like why did they do this? I thought we were not going to have two confusing measurement systems. But that's what it is. So let's pick 0603, whatever, 1608 metric. And then again, you can pick the wavelength peak, right? We wanted, we were talking about this. We want to pick, there's dominant and there's peak. I mean, you're going to pay if you want to have like specifically binned LEDs. But let's just go with, you know, between like 510 and like 560 or something. Why not? And then you're going to pick the Millicandella neck. Well, actually let's go with active. So we get rid of all the ones that are not that active. So the Millicandella rating.  Now, unfortunately some LEDs are tested at 1mA or 5 or 10 or 20. So this is not going to be, you know, you can't always compare apples to apples if you're really specifically looking for a certain type of LED. But in this case, I'm just going to tell you to make the LED use a 10k resistor. So it's bright enough to be human visible, but uses very little power. Not being driven at the full 20mA. You'll want something like 500 Millicandella. So let's go to 400 and pick up to like about 900. Okay. I think it's actually a pretty good, but yeah, and you can see current tests. So this is a little bit of my pet peeve, which all the LEDs were always tested the same current, but they're not.  They don't seem to have a way to search for that. However, I'll tell you that if you get something with three plus forward voltage, that'll get you the ones that are pure green as opposed to just plain green. So let's apply. And then lens type. So I don't like the dome top kinds. Let's see if there's a photo of one of them. I'll show you what I don't like. So these are the dome top. Some people really dig these. I don't. I don't know why. It kind of gives me the willies. I think they look better, not lit up and not on boards, but like this is a cool piece of technology. It's super cool. It looks cool. It's like one of the, it's like clothing sometimes. Like it always looks good. But let me take it home. You put it on. It looks good on the mannequin, but it's like later on it's like that totally does not look good on me. So let's go with the rectangle with flat top. And then I think we already picked active. Folks like the pure green LED trick. Pure green, pure green. Okay. And here we go. So we got a couple options. So as usual, you know, when we're looking at these jelly bean types, generic components, you know, resistors, LEDs, capacitors. Even some regulators or transistors, you're going to have a couple options. You know, they do vary a little bit. You know, if you look, you'll see some are 450 and some are 500, some are 750. They're all about the same size. Some are like 140 degrees, some are 120 degrees. I don't really care. Right? It's, this is not, you know, somewhere a little bit higher than the others. To me, this doesn't matter. Like for you, it might. I will say that if you're making something where there's an array of LEDs, like you're making a matrix of LEDs, you really want them to be matched. Like it has to be all one supplier. And it has to be the same. You know, all the, all the wheels have to be the same because they're real. You will notice the differences when you see them side by side. But if it's just for a power LED, like nobody's going to know this, in my opinion. So here's something interesting. So the top link here is actually from American Opto Plus. This is a marketplace product, which I guess is this, you know, it's, it's kind of like a little bit like eBay or Etsy. It's like you're, you're purchasing it through Digikey, but the product is actually shipped to you from someplace else. You're not going to get it next day. Like, you know, classic Digikey quickness. So if that's important to you, but it is a little cheaper to get them from these other places.  But let's say we don't want to have the marketplace options. So now, you know, it's, it's a matter of pricing so we can put in, you know, I want to buy at least a thousand. So show the pricing at a thousand.  I kind of like this one because, again, it doesn't really matter, but they have a lot in stock, which I always like to see. The price is good, you know, eight cents apiece in quantity. And this one is like super, super bright, 720 millikendales. So it's so bright, you know, you might even be able to get away with a 20k choke resistor and still have it be very visible. But it's a hack, right? This is supposed to be like an illuminating LED, but I'm just like way, way, way, way under driving it. And they're happy to be one off of 3.3 volts when you do that because the forward voltage is at the beginning of that curve. It'll look great. So this is what I sent the purses what I recommend. So it's a cute little LED. I like that it only has five-week lead time. You can get them for about eight cents. And they come in reels and tape and all that good stuff. So you want to have a cute little LED? This one, I think, will do the job quite well. All right. And from the chat here, Scarce says, this is a great search, great search tonight, because I'm getting ready to build final build materials for some boards I'm working on and looking for some nice green LEDs. I've used yellow, green LEDs. So I definitely agree on the overall visual quality. It's more for me. It's a power thing. When you use the yellow, green LEDs, I find you just have to drive them a little bit. You have to drive them a little bit harder for the cheap ones. Whereas these pure greens, I find that you can get away with a lot less current and still have them be quite visible. So for me, look, I don't care that much about power for these breakout boards. But I don't want to draw 20 milliamps for no reason when I can draw 0.1 milliamps. Why use the power? That is a great search. All right, thank you.