So welcome everybody and in this demonstration style of that my name is Aaron Ford and I'm learning and development manager here at TechSoup. I'm also an organizer of AlphabetSoup which is TechSoup's LGBTQ Plus Affinity Group. Next up we have Jessica Hubley who will talk a little about Story LLP. I'm Jessica's the founder and CEO of Story LLP which makes software to translate legalese and serve as anyone's lawyer friend. Story LLP uses inclusive user design alongside a proprietary legal issue taxonomy to help clients understand how to choose and use lawyers efficiently. Take the right action at the right time to optimize their legal position and to connect and manage an alliance of rock star female and minority specialist attorneys to ensure a great ROI on legal spending. Jessica was previously founder and CEO of the nonprofit Annie Cannons which transforms survivors of human trafficking and gender based violence into software engineers. And Jessica will demonstrate how Story LLP helps all humans translate legalese and get their legal rights from the start. Again, my name is Jessica Hubley. I spent the last 15 years or so as the primary lawyer to hundreds of startups and also as a serial entrepreneur. And as you hear, I also ran a nonprofit and through that time I learned a key lesson, the kind of founders who are not lucky enough to have lawyer friends who are helping them translate legalese for free are facing way higher costs and money and time and that includes pro bono. As well as much more pain to get their organization off the ground. And that doesn't matter. It doesn't matter whether the most talented founders I know or not. The lack of lawyer friends is coming from the same kind of systemic barriers that make it harder for founders to raise funding, get equal opportunity or get equal respect and this part probably doesn't surprise you. But it might surprise you to hear that historically underrepresented lawyers are facing a strikingly similar problem. So I founded Story LLP to help underestimated lawyers and clients cooperate to get more of what they deserve. Today our cooperative comprises over almost 600 lawyers at 34 law firms, as well as hundreds of clients, our organization and our fiscal sponsor. So to quickly frame today of the people in this world who could use a lawyer's help for themselves or their business, only about 30% are even trying to reach out to a lawyer. And as a result, really preventable mistakes cost even successful organizations very dearly can be millions in legal fees for a for profit. If you're exiting. Not to mention sort of lowering your purchase price for a nonprofit. This is staff time and headache and sort of precious funder dollars, but it can't be used to do good. So the platform we created is targeted to help all founders no matter what kind of organization you found, or what your story is to get your legal right from the start by serving as a friendly legalese translator and a general council, even if you don't know what that means yet. We have three types of services. So first we have a free web app, which here's a plain language shory, can submit through an email form and calculates the kind of legal service you might need the kind of cost you might expect and surfaces some affordable alternatives for you. You can opt into more from there. Finally, we offer standard services that are designed to be super high quality but also super affordable, including things like document forms and an automatic general counsel subscription service, which sets organizations up to get legal right from the start more affordably, and prevents the most common kinds of IP employment and governance problems that inexperienced founders might might make. And our clients need custom help from an actual human lawyer. We are connecting great lawyer from our attorney alliance and sharing in their fees. So clients today are paying significant invoices to these lawyers but only at the point where they actually benefit from getting human lawyers help. This actually raises to a huge market opportunity. Most people look at the legal services market and think it's as big as it's going to get because it's serving all the people who have money to pay and that's not true. I've had a lot of people in my life in my time at Annie cannons who had an opportunity to be incredibly productive numbers of our society at huge value to add didn't have job because they hadn't had opportunities. So stories about helping to make opportunities including opportunities to start companies happen so that we can make a bigger and more equitable legal services market. So the team said that I started off my my entrepreneurship journey at a nonprofit organization. So I know that actually the kind of challenges that I faced at my nonprofit and the kind of challenges that I'm facing at story as a for profit founder and that those of you who are out there finding different kinds of social enterprises also face are actually almost all the same. So the kind of solution that we've developed to help for profit companies works just as well for nonprofits and that's that's what we're out to do more of. So the first thing to know is there are about a million and a half nonprofits in the United States. The software that we will launch in about a month will be able to help all of them find things like employment classification issues in the people that they hire show them litigation risks because nonprofits can be sued just like for profit companies particularly for employment claims. What we do is actually offer our subscription service with a Tom's model where you if you buy a subscription for your for profit company you get to choose a nonprofit and we'll give a subscription to them too. So we're definitely open to hearing more about more from folks if people are looking for sort of overarching legal help for a nonprofit and as a nonprofit founder I know that I often had big law firms that were super fancy and want to work for me, and I also would often have do a ton of work to repair a project outline, have an introductory call here that we are moving forward, be promised an engagement letter and a conflict check and then never hear from that law firm again. So we understand that if you do have to pay for a lawyer you might have to pay for a lawyer to get them to work timely. And that's why we built this alliance of super affordable specialists, many of which will discount their rates for nonprofits and also work on a timely model. In the future, the AI model that we're building to power all of this general counsel service. Actually remember is meant to help people figure out what lawyer they need and what their context is for free in the end. And that includes over 40 million people living in poverty in the US, including survivors of trafficking of gender based violence. It also includes the same function for legal aid and pro bono attorneys who do this full time every day who are specialists and experts in nonprofit needs to to make sure that they can spend less time screening out the clients they can't help, and more time actually providing legal services because those lawyers are incredibly precious in this role and see the rare. We also use the same system that we use to screen manage clients for our attorney allies can be used to manage and screen clients for legal aid to they get there for 20 to 30% of their budget back because they have to spend $0 on screening clients that they can't help and on experiencing traumatic stories both from the client reaching out and the person listening to the story. We can cut that out of the whole of the whole game. This is our sort of nonprofit initiative this is what we established our physical sponsorship to power. If you want to get involved in what we do we would adore that. There are a few different ways we can do that. We are open to equity investment to hire the kind of engineers who have lived experience like that of our clients and of our target demographic meaning they need a salary to work. We are hiring more people at solid market salaries from diverse backgrounds to join our engineering team. We also are happy to help your for profit your social enterprise or your nonprofit organization as a client. If you are a nonprofit organization or historically underrepresented founder we have an option for fiscal sponsorship to have somebody actually donate funds tax deductibly to help you. If you have other ideas about how we might work together or if you run a legal aid pro bono organization please reach out to me I would love to be connected and help out.


Hey, good morning guys once again welcome back To today's lecture or worship ministry Hope you guys are all doing well. Thanks for connecting. It's good to see you all once again Can I request hey hey Canon do you mind is starting us off with the word of prayer, please? Yeah, sure You can hear me, right? Yes. Yes, please go ahead I Dear heavenly father, I praise you in this morning lot lot I Pray for each everyone of us in this class lot. I pray for a Past ocean Lord give us a good understanding and knowledge to Receive something new in this class lot lot from starting and the Until the end We we should not have any connection issues and and all Lot give us a good understanding and Help us to learn more from your word lot Lot strength him to teach us nicely Lot help others also To join very quickly lot In Jesus name we pray Amen Thank you conan Okay, all right, let's get started Okay, so let's do a quick recap of what we covered in the last class. Okay, Ken Can all of y'all just share what we you know what we covered The last class Okay, starting is the problem. We spoke on the the four altars of Abraham, right? We We did a few just a we didn't go too deep in it, but Just the basics of basic understanding of what all does actually meant people of those days and then We saw Abraham building four altars and how he goes on Journey of faith, right? What is can you recall from our last lecture? If we do unmuted and just share very quickly Go ahead Who alters of Abraham Past altar is obedience Altar of obedience second is the ultra intimacy that is unto ultra Commitment and separation or separation and for this altar of sacrifice Thank you, Prince. So you have the altar of obedience alter of intimacy alter of commitment and separation and then alter of sacrifice right and each of them resembles and symbolizes Abraham's journey spiritual journey, right and and and we kind of concluded With what God expects of us So like in the Old Testament altars represented a place of worship a place of death where blood would flow It was a place of surrender It was a place of sacrifice I'd ultimately it was a place of worship where you would just come and surrender your all and be in awe of who this God is We also saw that there were The other tribes, you know of those days in the surrounding nations They also had altars, but their altars would have idols that man made idols However, the idols, sorry the altars that was built by Abraham Had no idols. It was just a plain altar on which the sacrifice would be burnt, right? And then we came fast forward to Romans chapter 12 and where we see the Paul says Therefore, I beseech you brethren by the mercies of God to offer yourself as a living sacrifice Right So this is one thing that God is expecting us to build altars But he's not just expecting us to build altars He's also expecting us to lay our life on that altar to live our life as a living sacrifice Right. So that's what we concluded, uh, you know in in page eight from your notes and So that was that was the first section of of chapter one Okay, today we will continue and to see how worship ministry was organized in the Old Testament Okay, we are still in page number eight 1.2 worship in the bible how it was organized in the Old Testament Okay, so just give us a basic understanding of what exactly happened Again, we see the Abraham, you know initiating this altars And then when we come to the book of exodus, we see that God gives Moses a blueprint for the tabernacle, which is known as the tabernacle of moses, right? And that Was the place of worship for the Israelites through the wilderness and it was also supposed to be Their place of worship even after they reached their promised land but Then you read that in the book of Joshua and judges especially that They forget about the tabernacle and they go back to Alters to the worship method of building altars You read that through the book of judges is that they go back Kind of say something that they they forgot about the presence of God They forgot about the place of their place of worship, which God gave moses Which they were supposed to continue so So let's go to the notes and uh, you know and see what it says Would you like me to share the screen of our notes? Yeah, I'll actually go ahead and do that. We can all follow So, yeah We see that The Old Testament doesn't give us an exact blueprint of the worship of ancient Israel. However Contains some important principles that can help us in Structuring our worship Okay, those word principles is very important for us to understand So it's not giving exact methods and steps and whatnot But we can certainly take away certain principles that they follow. So After leaving Egypt God gave the people of israel the law and the commandment that a tabernacle be constructed The tribe of Levi were set aside to serve as priests for God and his people The Old Testament book of exodus and leviticus provide specific instruction about the manner in which worship and sacrifice was to occur Right. So all of this was given. I mean we read the book of exodus and leviticus There's a certain instructions that God gives moses and the tribe of the levitical priesthood to follow Right. Okay, you have you ought to do this sacrifice and uh, you know, follow these certain procedures, etc, etc All right And then while the people of israel were clearly commanded to worship God Deuteronomy 6 13 Says you shall fear only the lord your god and you shall worship him And swear by his name exodus 33 10 says when all the people saw the pillar of cloud standing at the entrance of the tent All the people would arise and worship each at the entrance of his tent. So this was primarily Uh, how the worship was kind of organized in the tabernacle of moses this whole passage is talking about that but we will learn in detail about the tabernacle of moses in an In the sections to come. Okay, so this is just a gist of uh, you know, what went on but let's just Uh, come down and we'll see how worship was organized in the tab in the temple in david's temple or also known as the tabernacle of David and and in the temple that's solemn built Okay, these are just a few scriptures that I've mentioned Once again, we will learn in detail about the tabernacle of david in another section after the tabernacle of moses. Okay So I hope you are all with me so far Um, so here we go worship in the temple So after its construction by solemn in thousand dc The temple in jerusalem became the prominent focus of jewish worship Okay, it was It that you know that was it that was the place where every jew would go to worship That was like the ultimate place of worship the temple that's solemn built It appears that the emphasis of worship in the temple was primarily on sacrificial offerings and praise to god through music Okay, sacrificial offerings and praise to god through music where in the temple that's solemn built The music was comprised of numerous various instruments that even david created invented As well as well trade vocal choirs Okay, somewhat similar to the melodies four part. How many that we have in today's dnh. Okay, so So two things that was prominent in in the temple that solemn built was sacrificial offerings and Music praising god through music. Okay. Now those two was obviously now sacrificial offerings was carried forward by By what day i'm sure they would you know understood that this is what happened in the tabernacle of moses And so he brings that along and that that happened through his Tabernacle and then it was david who introduced music You know as another aspect of worship in his tabernacle. Okay, so we're going to read a few scriptures Of You know that's mentioned about the tabernacle of david and the temple. Okay, can Can some of us take turns to read these sections that's mentioned in your notes, please One of us read the first two points Anybody just go for all right prince. Do you mind reading the first two points, please? These are now Second summaries six five Yes As the arc of the covenant was being brought to Jerusalem david and all the house of israel were Celebrating we put the lot with all kinds of instrument made of fowl and with layers herbs and tambourines two tambourines cast Castanets and and symbols and first chronicles 16 46 He appointed some of the levites and As a minister before the arc of the lord Even those even to celebrate and to thank And praise the lord god of Israel As the chief and second of him Shakira Then jail Samaritan Jail Matithaya Matithaya Eliva Ben Anaya Obey obey dome and jail with music musical instrument harp Plades Also as a plate loud sounding samples and Benia and Jahai Jahazel that in the face Bill trumpet continuously before the arc of the covenant of god Thank you so much prince. I appreciate it. Okay, so from just these two points We see that david was very passionate about worship. That's one thing and he was so passionate about that. So he introduced variety of instruments Around, you know, so and just from the very first verse in second time l 65 As he was bringing the arc of the covenant back to Jerusalem to you know, to Israel He introduced these, you know instruments made up of wood and liars and harps You know and tambourines and and symbols And whatnot can we can only imagine what that procession looked like, right?  He's excited. He's happy. He's worshiping He's dancing before the presence of god. That's what the arc of the covenant symbol isn't it? With all these instruments played by The people, you know, just making that noise worshiping him praising It it should have been it would have been quite a scene. Isn't it? And then we see that in first chronicles chapter 16 it was four and six After the arc arc is brought back to Jerusalem He sets up the tabernacle and then he appoints some of the Levites as ministers before the arc of the lord Okay, even to celebrate and to thank and praise the god of israel and there were a few people he sets like asaf Zachariah And then met a metathiah And these names are very hard to pronounce Obed, edom, etc. etc. Okay, so and notice this line The priests blew trumpets continually before the arc of the covenant of god They blew trumpets continually now, I don't know how it went about that how they went about that but They must have had a lot of energy and it must have been a loud loud place to be around right with all these instruments being Clashing and so beautifully organized. I mean the trumpets, you know being blown continually I mean It would have been an awesome sight Okay, let's go on. So we see that in first chronicles chapter 25 Verse one it says more over David and the commanders of the army set apart for the service Some of the sons of asaf and of heman and jerethen who were to prophesy with liars harps and symbols Now we are going to go deep into this Verse first chronicles chapter 25 verse one in another section Okay, we're going to just break that verse down and understand more about how david set his tabernacle How he organized worship in his tabernacle. Okay, but look look at this. So he sets a few people What were they supposed to do with their instruments? It says they were to prophesy with with their instruments with liars and harps and symbols And so now we know that we can prophesy with instruments as well. It doesn't necessarily have to be verbal Isn't it? It's wonderful. Okay Can somebody else read this section please second chronicles chapter five verse 12 and 14 There's a quote in speaks of all the levitical singers asaf, heman jerethen and their sons and his men Those in fine linen with symbols harps and liars standing east of the altar and make them 120 priests blowing trumpets in unison when the trumpeters and the singers were to make themselves heard It's one voice to praise and to glorify the lord and when they lifted up their voice accompanied by trumpet and symbols and instrument of music and when they praise the lord saying he indeed is good for his loving kindness Is everlasting than the house the house of the lord was filled with a cloud So that the priest could not stand in to minister because of the cloud for the glory of the lord He is the house of God Thank you, Dave Now I want us all to share what stood out From that verse to you In the chat section or feel free to unmute your mic and share what stands out the most for you in that verse Or what are some of the key words that stand up to you? Not just one word And the cloud of the lord the glory of the lord The glory that they felt so that they couldn't even minister Because of the presence of the lord Okay, thank you, Dave the cloud the glory of the lord. Okay, I feel the house. Okay Uh, what else? House of the lord Sorry Konan House of the okay, so I feel the house of god. Yes, so it was his house. Okay, not someone else's anybody else's. Okay. Thank you What else? Okay, let me read it again. Okay, and uh, you see what stands out His loving kindness is everlasting Okay nice That's what they were singing isn't it for he indeed is good for his loving kindness Is everlasting. Thank you prince. What else guys? Kiran Manu Aaron every everyone is praising god that he's Loving kindness is forever But what what what what else stands out? Uh, what other key words kind of stands out to you as you read I tell you what Sorry Wordify the lord Okay, glorify the lord. Okay. No, I'm going to read this scripture one more time. Okay, and uh, let's see If there are certain words that kind of stand out to you. Okay, so second chronicles 5 12 to 14 All the levitical singers asaf heman Jirathan and their sons and kinsmen kinsmen just means relatives. All right Uh clothed in fine linen With symbols harps and liars Standing east of the altar. Okay, so notice that word altar um It was also in the temple with them 120 priests Blowing trumpets in unison When the trumpeters and singers Uh were to make themselves heard with one voice to praise and to glorify the lord When they lifted up their accompanied when they lifted up their voice accompanied by trumpets and symbols and instruments of music when they praised the lord saying He indeed is good for his loving kindness is everlasting Then the house the house of the lord Was filled with the cloud so that the priests could not stand and minister because of the cloud For the glory of the lord filled the house of god Okay, find the Oneness unisonous. They they all one heart. There is the voice and play the instrument Okay, so promises unity unison Okay, there was oneness togetherness. They were all united. That means everybody knew that the focus Was just on one person.  Okay. What else what else come on? Anybody else add you want to share? Neelam, okay. All right, so, uh, yeah, thanks Thanks for sharing everybody, um, you know For me, yeah, as as thomas was also sharing, you know, that the unity kind of stands stands out Okay, but there's a there are a couple of things that we need to know and understand. Okay Um, it says 120 priests Okay with 120 priests blowing trumpets now um So I studied a little bit about music and orchestration, right? So you you know, you've seen this big orchestra where you have violins in the front and you have the you know The percussion instruments at the back Um We've seen that right in one side. There'll be flutes and all these wood instruments And and the other section is the brass section, right? That's where you'll find the trumpets and all these trombones where the you know Have you seen that you guys know what I'm talking about? Yeah The brass section right way at the back the brass section Is the loudest section in all of the orchestra Now there there will be 60 violinists, you know, the string section there will be so many in the percussion section But there will only be like four trumpet players Okay, and then you'll have this conductor in front of the orchestra who's conducting, right?   It seems like that, right? They're all with one voice to praise and glorify god And their song is not, you know, it doesn't seem like a One, you know reverse chorus and an amazing bridge that we have is very simple They praised saying he indeed is good For his loving-kindness is everlasting That was enough their one heart their one voice That you know to come together to just lift up praise and god shows up And when he does the priests the people are not able to stand in that presence Because his cloud his glory was tangible Right tangible means what you can touch it. You can feel it the weight when we say shakaina glory It simply means the weight of his glory They could experience And feel that weightness of his glory and that they could not stand and his glory filled his house Amen, that's so important. Isn't it for us to know when we learn about worship ministry? We always have to remember Who are we worshiping and who is this ministry about? Because it's very easy for us to make this ministry about ourselves and and we and think that We are the recipients of worship when we are not The worship is towards him The ministry that we do is for him And when that is clear he shows up in a way that we can never imagine. Amen All right, let's go on. Are you guys with me? Everybody Let's go on. Can I request somebody else to read this section, please second chronicles 29 25 to 30, please I'm ready sir. Sure Second chronicles 29 Verse 25 to 30 speaks of the worship to God instigated by his He then stationed The Levites in the house of the lord with symbols with hearts and with lyres according to the command of david and of god and king seer and Of nathan the proper the prophet for the command was from the lord through his prophet The levite stood with the musical instrument of david and the priest With the trumpet the hezekiah gave the order to offer the burnt offering on the altar When the burnt offering began the song the song of the lord also began with the trumpet Accompanied by the instruments of david king of Israel while the whole assembly worship and the Singers also sang and the trumpets Sounded all his continued until the burnt offering was finished now at the complication of the burnt offerings the king And all who were present with the with him bowed down and worship more ever king hezekiah and the officials ordered The levite to sing praise to the lord with the words of david and asha the seer So they sang praise praises with joy and bowed down and worshiped Thank you mano. Thank you so much All right guys come on speak to me What stands out to you what words kind of stick out to you from that scripture? Come on. Come on.  Okay I are you all reading that verse again? Okay, praise god with musical instruments. Okay praise with joy. All right What else kind of what else kind of stands out to you offering and worship? Okay All king worship him All right Thank you The lord through the prophets The lord through the his prophets, right? Okay, right. So Hezekiah was another king that came after david. Okay, so And although the kings changed They kind of followed the pattern and the instructions that was set by david Okay, so here's what it says, right? He then who hezekiah he stationed the levites in the once again house of the lord with symbols with harps and liars, okay According to the command of david That means he has said this is how it's supposed to be everybody who comes after me as king Follow these commands. Follow these instructions. This is what you ought to do. You set levites in their station They they have to have their instruments okay according to the command of david and of gad the kings seer and of Nathan the prophet For the command was from the lord through his prophets next The levites stood with musical instruments of david that means that says david also created musical instruments And the priests with trumpets now everybody's ready. Then hezekiah gave the order. Okay, you see this Until everybody were in their position Until everybody were ready and prepared to do their roles and responsibility The king did not give the order to start the service Okay, you see that When when everybody was ready when everybody was in position when everything is set Then hezekiah gave the order saying to offer the burnt offering on the altar Now When the off burnt offering began the song to the lord also began with the trumpets Accompanied by the instruments of david king of israel While the whole assembly worshiped the singers also sang and the trumpets sounded All this continued until the burnt offering was finished. Now. This is so important All this continued what all continued the singing the shouting the playing of the trumpets the playing of the instruments Everything continued Until the burnt offering was finished Now I wish this scripture said for how long it went on like the offering was, you know, burning Or we don't know it must have gone on for hours hours Right sometimes we get tired of 30 minutes and 45 minutes of worship and singing and shouting But I really don't know it must have gone for long hours, isn't it? All of them continued singing dancing praising worshiping the king of kings until the burnt offering was finished What happened after that? Now at the completion of burnt offerings the king And all who were present with him bowed down in worship The worship service didn't stop after the offerings were done burning After the offerings were burnt completely the king and all who were present that means the priest the the palace officials the kings officials the ministers everybody With the king bowed down and worshiped Bowed down in worship Moreover king Hezekiah and the officials Ordered the Levites to sing praises to the Lord and with words of David and Asaph the seer So they sang with praises with joy and bowed down and worshiped I mean it must have been such an event such a grand Possession when it came to worshiping the Lord It's like they just didn't want to stop worshiping him Okay, okay, so you know The burnt offering was on the altar. We worshiped it's it's finished burning We will still worship and after that after we bowed down and worshiped we will still continue to worship It's like they didn't want to go back home They wanted to be around the presence It wasn't isn't that wonderful Yeah, and one of the and one of the key things here where you read at least that stands out to me is It the king was also a worshipper He led the way now Later on gods, you know gods called us to be leaders in our own ministries or wherever you are God places you for whatever ministry he calls you to do It's so important for us leaders for you as a leader to be a worshipper And because king Hezekiah led, you know, I said come on, let's go do this everybody followed his command And because king bowed down and worshiped everybody else followed him in worship Amen, so as leaders it's very important You know to God our hearts and to be a worshipper Okay, are you guys with me everybody? All right, awesome. Let's just continue now Worship in the second temple Okay now So what happens as we know that uh in the first temple gets destroyed, uh, you know by Nebuchadnezzar By the Babylon the king of the Babylon's Okay, so let's read here Following the destruction of the temple that was built by Solomon by Nebuchadnezzar and the Babylonian exile Happens right after the destruction the Babylonians invade Jerusalem and they take people as uh as slaves as prisoners and they go back Okay, and that uh And that exile lasts for 70 years Okay, so That's the context here. Okay, so the people of Israel return to Jerusalem in 539 BC around that year The time of the second temple is divided into different periods. That is the Persian period The Hellenistic period and the Roman period Okay, so there are three empires that ruled uh during this period and this lasted Approximately for 500 odd years Okay, all these three um empires these rains put together. Okay I'm sure you would also read about this in Nehemiah talking about this when he's when he serves as a cup bearer And you know the king Xerxes sends them back He's like, okay, you have my permission to go back and build that walls build the temple Right, so that's the context of what is happening here so, uh King Cyrus of Persia he issues uh the permission for them to go back and build the second temple so And then we see before the destruction of the first temple Jeremiah had famously prophesied about this For so said god For at the completion of 70 years of Babylon I will remember you and I will fulfill my good word to you to restore you to this place So And indeed, uh, this is what happened a little more than 50 years after the destruction of the first temple The Babylonians who had destroyed the first temple Were vanquished by the rising Persian empire So after 50 years 50 years into the exile The persians were now defeating the Babylonians slowly And the Persian king Cyrus the great soon authorized the Jews to rebuild the temple Isn't that amazing a king who doesn't know this god? Authorizes them to go and build the temple But construction ground to a halt due to interference by the Samaritans Every time Jews would go and build the Samaritans will come and destroy the temple destroy what they're building You know, this is what Nehemiah also writes, right? So around 353 bc Exactly 70 years after the destruction of the first temple the Jews the Jews began building again First independently, but king Darius soon ratified their effort. He pushed he encouraged them to build it pretty fast so And the second temple era it's panned approximately 420 years Ending with the roman's destruction of the holy temple in 70 c e So the romans again destroyed the second temple around 70 c e which is now which was known as ad right after death Okay, but here's the thing Why why is it so important for us to understand the historical background the context? Is it's very simple There was a temple the Solomon built it was destroyed And the Israelites are gone as prisoners for 70 years in exile. They serve different kings But the something unique happens which we will learn in sections to come is something called the house church and this The system of the synagogues Was birthed and was developed During this period because the Jews did not have a place of worship, right? They did not I'm not I don't know if they were allowed to build altars like they were used to They did not have a temple. They did not have a tabernacle that they carried around in the wilderness So how else they had to continue to worship. They had to continue to meet for fellowship, isn't it? And the system most historians and scholars say the system of the house church and synagogues was initiated here and it developed and progress as as the years progressed, okay, so The Old Testament books of Ezra and Nehemiah Tell of the work in repairing the damage that was done Of their worship at that time, okay Can I request somebody to read this passage, please Ezra chapter two this whole section, please Anyone go for it. Yeah, I think All right, so Ezra 241 records the return of 128 levitical levitical singers the sons of aspa Ezra 310 11 states now when the builders had laid the foundation of the temple of the lord The priest stood in the day up rail with trumpets and the Levites The sons of aspa with symbols to praise the lord according to the directions of the king David of Israel They sang praising and giving thanks to the lord saying he is good for his Loving kindness is upon Israel forever and all the people shouted with a great Shout when they praise the lord because the foundation of the house was the lord of the lord was slayed Man, thank you for that Isn't that isn't that wonderful there, you know after the exile people come and but they have not forgotten What used to happen in the temple? And the con and the command and the instructions which was originally given by david Years later generations later The same pattern of worship seems to have followed here, right? They returned with 128 levitical singers And Ezra 310 11 states that when the when when they laid the foundations for the temple of the lord The priests stood in their apparel. What was that apparel apparel means the clothes, right? In in the previous scriptures, we saw they wore fine linen Okay, so that means the priest stood again with fine linen with trumpets again and the levites the sons of Asaf with symbols to praise the lord According to the directions of king david They sang praising giving thanks to the lord saying the same song that they had sung before For he is good for his loving kindness is upon israel forever All the people shouted with the great joy Great shout when they praised the lord because the foundation of the house of the lord was laid Man, uh, thank you. Uh, can I request somebody else to read the next section, please? Nehemiah chapter 12 verse 27 243 Now on the dedication of the born of jerusalem They thought of the levites in all their places to bring them to jerusalem to celebrate and dedication of the gladness both now with the thanksgiving And singing with the symbols and string instruments and hops And the sons of the singers gathered together from the countryside around jerusalem from the villages of NATO from the house of gilgal and from the fields of geba and Asma that for the singers had built themselves villages All around jerusalem then the priest and the levites purified themselves and purified the purified the people the gates and the wall so I brought the leaders of judah up to the wall and appointed two large thanksgiving choirs one went to the right and On the wall towards the Refuse refus gate after he went Sire the half of the leaders of judah and azaria ezra Meshulam judah ben jameen Shemaya jarmaya and some of the priest sons of trumpets zakariah the sons of jonathan the sons of shemai the sons of Martini the son of mikaya the son of zakul the son of asaf and his brother brethren shemai azaria milalay gilalay my Nithan nithanel judah and hanani and the musical instruments David the men of god and ezra the scribe went before them By the fountain gate in front of them they went up to the stairs of the city of david on the Stairway of the wall beyond the house of david as far as the water gate eastward The other thanksgiving choir went up Opposite way and i was behind them with the half of the people on the wall growing fast On the tower of the owens as far as the broad wall and above the gate Above the old gate above the fish gate and the tower of hanan and the tower of the hundered are as far as the sheep gate and they Stopped by the gate of the prison So two thanksgiving choirs stood in the house of god. Likewise. I stand off of the rulers with me and the priest elia kim maasi maasi here mean manager mikai yellow nine zakaraya and hanano with the trumpets also missus i shemai elizia wuzzi jonathan minkeza alarm and ezad the singers sang loudly with the zakaraya that the director also That that day they offered great sacrifice and rejoiced For god had made them rejoice with great joy and the woman and the children also enjoyed so that the joy of jerusalem was heard afar off thank you so much the farmers appreciated so I mean we would generally not go to this passage and uh, you know, we will not tell okay, my favorite passage is Nehemiah chapter 12 in the section isn't it? Because we will tend to overlook it because of the names and the details that's mentioned But in the context of what we've been learning when you see, you know that Coming togetherness. He's mentioned so many different names in this scripture That just goes to say that there were so many different people Different people coming together in unity just for one reason That is to praising and worshiping him and And you know, they organized they just didn't say okay, you go to whatever you want.  It was planned. It says okay You this group will go this side and this choir will go that side. You will go stand over there We will go to this gate Very clear instructions were given right and again when everything was ready when everybody were in place Then the instruction was given to worship to offer sacrifices to sing praise And you know, it says the last one says the sound of rejoicing in Jerusalem could be heard far away Okay, the sound of rejoicing in Jerusalem could be heard far far away And I found this section these scriptures so beautiful Uh, you know, let me just stop by Sharing here. Okay This is one quick question here. Manu is asking why destruction of the temple happened. So, uh, you know as Jeremiah prophesied prophesied right Manu what happened is that again people of israel did come in evil in the eyes of the lord and and and the other army the nebuchadnezzar the Babylonian army invaded israel and They destroyed the temple as well. So that's why the destruction of the temple happened So if they destroyed the temple because the people of israel And juda they did evil in the eyes of the lord and actually when you read the scriptures The enemy that attacked israel the Babylonians also said is like hey, you know We attacked because you lived a sinful life. Uh, you know, you were evil doers And yeah, that's that that's what led to the exile. Okay So, uh, is everybody okay, I know we've just gone a few minutes over a break time, uh, but What we were able to follow everything from the section until now Yes, sir. Okay. Let me stop the recording then. Um


Hi everybody, I'm Jen with opensource.com and we have a brand new top five articles of the week for you for today, February 12th. At number five, have you ever used a virtual machine? Our virtual machines old news to you or have you ever tried one out? Take our poll and let us know what you think about virtual machines and their uses. At number two, an open-source fix leads to a new career in IT. When plans to move to LA with his band fell through, Linux and open-source software helped Tim College jump-start his IT career. At number three, cluster computing on the Raspberry Pi with Kubernetes. Have you ever thought about making your very own cloud using a collection of Raspberry Pis? Well, in this article you can learn how to do that by installing Kubernetes to control them as a cluster. At number two, four open-source tools for Linux system monitoring. David Booth shares his favorite system monitoring tools for understanding what is going on in any Linux environment. Using top, atop, htop and glances. And finally at number one in a big way, why I fought for open-source in the Air Force. John Allison shares why he looked to open-source software when he was tasked with modernizing a U.S. Air Force Command Center. Very cool article. Great collection here. Great top five. Thanks so much for joining me and I'll be here next time next Friday.


Collision of Result is ongoing in Anambra State after two days of voting to determine who succeeds Governor William Biano. The Independent National Electoral Commission has collected results in at least 17 of the state's 21 local governments. With the candidate of the All Progressive Grand Alliance, Chukuma Soludo, getting the most votes in 15 of those. The PDPs, the People's Democratic Party one in one, and the All Progressive Congress one in the other.


So have you ever wondered how to clean the lens of your camera? Well, in this lesson, we're going to talk about it. Lenses get dirty.  So we're going to try to clean up this very dirty lens on my Nikon here. So I'm going to start by picking up the camera. And you can see here that it's got a sun shield on it and lots of other stuff. I'm going to pick it up and push the camera release here, and you can see I'm sliding off the lens. Just flip it like that. And you can see I'm putting it face down. I can do that because the glass is not touching the tabletop or anything like that. And I'm going to start by putting some caps on things. First, I'm going to put a cap on the body of the camera so that no dust or dirt gets inside. That's very important. Make sure you use that cap. I'm going to put that to the side. You can see I also put a cap on the top. That's just to keep any dust from falling on top of the lens. Now I'm just turning it around there. You can see I was just trying to see how to take off that sun shield right there. I'm going to put that to the side. You can see it's got a cap on one end of the lens. And I'm going to put the other cap back on the other end. Now to do this, we're going to need a few things. We're going to need lens cleaner. We're going to need a cleaning cloth for a lens. And you're going to need a body cloth. So you can see that they're basically the same thing. I use one to clean off the body of the lens and one for the glass. And I keep them separate. You can also see my little blower brush right there, which kind of puffs air onto the lens. And it works as a brush. See, I've got some optical cleaning paper right there. And over to the side, you can also see some Q-tips there. Now I'm going to start with the shield. I'm going to start with the sun shield. I'm just going to clean that off. And this is simple, super simple stuff. Not a very big deal. And really most people don't do this. But I'm doing a sort of professional total clean up job on this lens. So wipe that off really quick. And I've got actually a harder brush that's kind of better at getting sort of stuck on dirt. I pulled that from my little kit in the back underneath the table there. See, I brushed off the table because there was quite a bit of dust falling off of it. So I've got that taken care of. Now I'm going to take my body cloth, the sort of lens cloth that is a little bit older and dirtier. And I'm just going to put some cleaning fluid on there. And I'm just going to wipe it off. So this only gets got really dirty because it was stored outside for a very long time. It was very dusty and dirty and kind of covered in grime. I don't think it had ever been cleaned. You don't have to clean things like sun shields. And the outsides of your lens is very often. But you're going to see me doing it in this video just as an example. And because the lens that I'm holding in this video is also pretty dirty in general. So there you go. You can see it kind of even looks a little shinier in the video. So I'm going to put that to the side. And now it's time for the lens. I'm going to make a little space for myself here. You can see me moving everything to the side. I like to have a lot of space when I work on projects. So put those aside. You can see that little brush was getting away from me for a second. And I'm going to start by cleaning the body. So I'm going to need my body brush, which is you can see that brush on the table is got really hard bristles. It's not going to be anything that I'm ever going to touch to glass. But I'm going to start this entire little project by cleaning out the lens cap. Because that's actually a spot that a lot of dust and dirt will collect.  So it's a good idea to clean it off. So here you can see me cleaning that off. I've got my little other brush. But that's that brush that I just put down in the bottom left of the video there. That is actually a lens brush that I use pretty much just for lenses and mirrors and things that are a little bit more delicate. And that little brush that I'm sitting in the middle of the table is more for kind of the rougher stuff, the outsides of the barrels of the lens or the lens cap you can see here when I'm cleaning the body. Now I've got that body cloth there that I've put a little bit of lens cleaning fluid on. And I'm washing that off, rubbing off all of the dirt and oil and all that kind of stuff. Now we've got our back body cap here. You can see I put it down on its face, the lens. And I did that I would never put on the side that has the mount. I always put it on face down. You don't want to do this with fisheye lenses and things like that, especially with wide angle lenses. You want to be careful. But with this lens you can be careful. You don't have to be so careful because the glass doesn't stick out. Now I'm going to start cleaning this lens by getting the really sort of the broader things that get kind of the biggest pieces of dirt on them. And that would be the body of the lens. Because I'm not getting a whole lot of garbage on the glass. I really am very careful about that. So I'm starting with all the sort of cracks and crevices around the outside. You can see I've got kind of pointing out the spots where the contacts on the mount. And I pointed out earlier the barrel. Also the front right around the lens, there's like a little some threads that you can kind of see that are for the filters and things like that. And I'll start right now with those or actually I won't start with those. I'm going to clean the outside of the barrel here. Actually, sorry about that. I think I was pointing out earlier that they were pretty clean already. So I'm taking the brush and I'm just wiping off the little. This lens has some sort of perforations that you use for the grip. This is for focusing and selecting your focal length. And I'm just going around and wiping those off. I'm going to extend the lens out to its longest length. And I'm going to get the barrel right there. You can see there's some spots where dust is collected on the barrel. And you always want to watch that spot on a lens. We've talked about this for the point in shoots and maybe even for some of the other videos. But dust will collect on that barrel.  So now it's time to use the body cloth on this one. And I've just put a little bit of lens cleaning fluid on there. And I'm just kind of going around and getting all the dirt and oil off of the lens. Now these things spend a lot of time in our hands. And if you know anything about hands, you know that hands are pretty dirty. So it's a good idea every once in a while, not too often. But every once in a while to clean off your lens. And you can see here I've actually found a piece, what looked like some honey that was stuck on this lens. I'm not exactly sure. It's not a lens that I've ever really used before. I cleaned it. So I wasn't exactly sure where that came from. Usually if there's something sticking to my lens, I usually know where it came from. Now you can see I'm pointing again to the rings. And those are filter rings. You can actually screw a filter onto the front of your lens, which is something I would really recommend. This lens doesn't have one yet. But it's going to get one soon. And you can see me just going around. I'm not touching the glass. I'm not doing my best to avoid touching the glass. And trying to keep things actually too from falling onto it. So you can see I'm holding it to its side. And you just go around and sort of brush those out.  And that will make screwing lenses on and off a little bit hard so you want to make sure that you keep those things clean. And you also want to make sure that you don't bend or break them when you're using the camera in general. Now we're going to move to the front element. We're going to start with our little blower brush here.  Now I'm going to put the brush part back on. And you can see I rubbed it on my hand. You actually want to keep your avoid doing that kind of thing. I was doing it to demonstrate that it is a soft brush. I had just washed my hands so there was no oil on my hands. But if you get any oil on that brush, you're going to then paint that right onto your lens. And you want to not do that. So I am demonstrating right there my lens cloth. And that lens cloth, I actually just used that for when I'm traveling and I get something on it. I always have that lens cloth with me. So say I'm taking photos of maybe a protest or something like that. And it's raining on that day. I'll make sure always that I have that lens cloth with me so that I can wipe off my lens if it gets wet. But in general, for actually cleaning the lens, I usually stick to optical paper, which you see me crumpling up right there. And I'm just going to take a little drop of cleaning fluid and put it on there. And I'm going to carefully, very carefully, just dab it on and in a circular motion rub off the lens. You can see I'm just kind of starting from the middle and sort of working my way out. And I was trying to open up my hand so that you could see what I was doing. But in the end, I ended up being too hard to hold the paper. So now I'm going to go do this again and again because this lens was very dirty. So I'm going to go again. And the lens was actually quite wet, so I didn't need to reapply any lens cleaning fluid. And you can do this with the cloth. Like I said, the cloth that's crumpled up down there in the bottom right corner of the video. But I use paper because it just is a little bit more of a guarantee that you're not going to scratch anything.  And the room that I was in had a little bit of dust in the air, which kind of was making a little bit of a fight a fight against nature. So one thing you can always do is wait for a human time of day to do this so that all your dust is gone. I happen to just be doing it in the middle of day. And our house is across from a construction zone. So there was lots of dust and dirt in the air. But here you can see me continuing to kind of work my way around the lens. And I'm doing everything very carefully, very fine touch. But there you go. It's basically done now. And at this point, generally, I would put on a filter. This lens doesn't have a filter yet. I hadn't run to the camera shop to buy one. So I would normally be putting a filter on the front of that lens, but I didn't. So just keep that in mind. It's a great way to protect your lens from any future dirt and grime and damage. And it's a great way to reduce the amount of time you have to spend cleaning your lens, because you don't have to be as careful with filters, I find. All right, so you can see me up. I've flipped the lens here. And it's on its front, sitting on the table, and I'm just cleaning the mount right now. So I started and I brushed it off with the sort of body brush. And then with the body cloth, I went around and sort of cleaned off anything that could get in the way. I also can see me out with the brush there, cleaning around the glass. There's a little piece of glass right at the very top of that. And now I've pulled a Q-tip to clean the contacts. You can see that little row of dots on the very little black bit right there that I'm touching with the Q-tip. Those are contacts for electrical contacts that connect the lens and the camera. And so those are basically the telephone wires that connect and allow the communication between the lens and the camera. So you can see here that I've also found another spot right there next to the focus ring. You can see there's a little spot where I can switch between manual autofocus and I clean that. Now you can see I didn't actually clean the back element of this camera. And you might be wondering, well, why not? Well, there was no dirt there. So one of the great ways to protect your lens is not to clean it. Sometimes the best thing you can do is not clean your lens when it is not dirty because cleaning your lens wears on it. It adds to the number of scratches and things like that on your glass. And you don't want that. So the best way to protect your lens is to not clean it too often, but when you do, to clean it well. And after you've cleaned it, to put a filter on it. So that was your lesson on cleaning a lens. I hope you enjoyed it. And come on back and check out more videos for this course.


So we're talking about free communications and messaging. Today's session, I'm going to quickly go through some slides and some pictures. I'm going to show how they relate to the Debian project. Particularly the next release, Weezy has some new features for voiceover IP. And then it's going to open up a little bit for some discussion and questions as well. Voiceover IP goes beyond Debian itself. Obviously you have to inter-operate with other systems. I'm keen on things like soft phones on Android. I've worked on things that work on Windows as well. But the focus of most of what you're going to see is on Debian. So this is an outline of the session. So just looking at where we are today and how we got there. Email has become tremendously successful. Everyone's using it. It's based on open standards like SMTP. You can see that in the heading. Mail servers are installed by default in most Linux systems. In Debian you get Exim or you might swap that for PostFix. It used to be SendMail. But you'd always end up with one of them when you install a Linux system. That's probably been one of the reasons why email has taken hold. It's because it's always been on systems from the beginning. The trivial amount of effort is necessary. You need a static IP address, an MX record. You can change maybe two or three lines of config file and start filling up your mailbox with spam that you never wanted. VoIP servers have not been deployed by default. Typically they're not nearly as easy to configure either. So distributions that offer packages like Debian offers asterisk and still leaves a lot of setting up as well. So it's not installed by default. And if you go and get it with apt-get, you have to do a lot of the effort to set it up. It does come with a default configuration for a demo, but that has to be adapted. You can't just go live with that. The bottom line is that the free software and open standards have not become entrenched. We don't have an open source equivalent to Firefox in the VoIP world. Asterisk takes a lot of setup effort. I've got Asterisk systems with dozens of config files for every protocol, for different classes of user and gateway connection. It's a real pain. I haven't seen any voice-over IP system that automatically gives VoIP to all the Unix users on a machine. Once again, email servers will typically turn your Unix users into mailboxes, just out of the box. It's all automatic. But none of the voice-over IP products have tried to do that. There have been a number of legacy traditions, like telephone numbering. These are important. On many devices, you don't have a full keyboard, so you do need to preserve these traditions. But they have slowed down the adoption of new techniques. Another one is emergency dialing. Depending on which country you're in, whether it be 9-11 or 9-9-9 or 1-1-2 in Europe, these things have all been factors in the slow deployment of a universal VoIP infrastructure. Email never had to deal with things like this. There's no emergency fax number in most countries that email never had to compete with something like that. The two major protocols to choose from right at this moment, SIP and JABBA, and even that is a dilemma for people. Like Google has gone with JABBA, Microsoft has gone with SIP for some of their products. A lot of the physical desk phones are based on SIP without JABBA support, but Google is huge in their JABBA. So both protocols are very relevant right now. There's no definite winner. And that has been a huge headache, but people have often embarked on a VoIP project and ended up pulling their hair out because someone will take a VoIP phone into their house and their router will mangle the signalling packets or it will lose the audio in one direction. It's caused a lot of frustration. Google doesn't have those sort of headaches with NAT. So SIP, and now more recently we've seen Viber have seized the day. They've become very prominent. If you ask people about voiceover IP, they will talk to you about SIP. Is there anyone here who has not used SIP? Yep. Okay. Let me see your hand up. If no one has ever asked you to talk to them on Skype. Okay. So we've all come across this, and we're going to touch on this again later, but there's a certain amount of peer pressure in communications that doesn't exist with other open source endeavours. With free software, people won't worry about whether you're using Linux, but when you actually need to talk to them, it's a very common platform. In the corporate world, Microsoft Link is gaining traction. In many of the big corporates that I've been working with, I've seen Link projects getting underway. I haven't seen one that has been successful yet, but that doesn't mean they've failed. It just means that they're taking their time. And that at some point, a lot of them are going to be stuck on this, and people are going to see this as the default in the corporate world, like Outlook. Just wait. We need to get you the microphone. Is Microsoft Link, is that OCC? Is that another name? So just hold the microphone. Is Link Office Communicator? Yes, it's had various names. So you will notice that there are products like SIP phones that have been made for earlier versions of Link when it operated under another name. And most of the SIP phones offer compatibility features, which are necessary because Microsoft makes extensions to the protocol. Another point to think about is who has seen the recent Facebook attack on email addresses? Does everyone know what I'm talking about? In contact lists, people typically have their friends' email addresses on Facebook, and they have their own email address. Facebook is trying to get people to use their Facebook ID as an email address at facebook.com. And at some point recently, they somehow switched off or hid the non-Facebook email addresses so that if you look at a profile, you see the Facebook email address that you never knew you wanted, but you've got it. And you have to go in there manually and put back your own email address if you are a Facebook user. On top of that, I've read that the people who are running the Facebook app which integrates on their handheld devices got so excited about this that it actually modified their contact list outside of Facebook, but their phone contact list actually started picking up the Facebook email addresses and losing the other email addresses, which caused a lot of frustration. But you could see where these big companies are going with this. They want to standardize the user on a particular ID and then they want to bring all the communications through that single ID for their various reasons and we'll look at those reasons in a moment. But this is scary stuff and that Facebook example gives you a very... it's a wake-up call about the lengths that they will go to to get hold of your communications. So real-world examples in other domains in technology. You've got this encryption of DVDs. You've got HDMI using DRM to protect media to stop duplication of media. You've got secure boot coming to the PC to stop you running other software. I mean, what can we anticipate next? In voice-over IP, with Skype so widely deployed and with Link getting a foothold in the corporate market, could we see a similar trend that DRM could come to voice-over IP? And how would that look if that happened? Is it already the case with Skype? Not quite. It is a proprietary and encrypted system, but it doesn't really link out to other systems very effectively. They haven't so tightly bound it with Link. But if Link becomes established in, say, your Fortune 500 companies and they can all call each other through Link, and the member of the public wants to call a big corporate call centre or something and they can do that for free through Skype. Or maybe they will have to go to their traditional phone company and pay for that and there'll be no other option. That's the type of thing that we should be concerned about is that the market will be steered in this direction. Another way that they could steer the market is with things like emergency calling, which is currently a bit difficult over the internet, that each country has got to a different stage in trying to support emergency calls over voice-over IP. But if you look at the relationships of governments and big companies, Microsoft or another vendor may try to propose a proprietary protocol to solve that problem. That could be very dangerous to open and free protocols. DRM-like mechanisms may extend the barriers that already exist with Skype. So you may see a few big companies that agree to work together even more than they do now. At the moment they're like islands, like Viber and Skype are separate, but if a few of these companies stitch something up together using some sort of a DRM mechanism, then it becomes a lot more dangerous. Just about that, we have seen things, a proposal like that to prioritize certain types of internet content to others with regards to others. Videos should have higher priorities than text-based things, and if we see some stuff like Skype should be more prioritized than the rest, we are also in the same type of situation. Yes, there's a real risk that when you combine technologies like deep packet inspection and so on, then an ISP could recognize Skype packets and they could offer Microsoft a deal to prioritize their traffic on the network, which is another attack on freedom and choice of what product you use. This list could go on and on in all the different ways that open and free solutions could be put in danger. Advertising has come up recently. There's some talk about Skype displaying advertisements during audio calls, so you would see an advertisement in the video window if you were not using video. I don't know if it's already switched on, but it has been discussed publicly, but it may not be in your face like that. They may actually use more sophisticated mechanisms, and I'm going to touch on those in a moment. Corporates may be able to opt out of having advertising for their callers, so if you call your bank, you might not see advertising. You get the free call with a proprietary VoIP system, but the bank might have a deal with the vendor to exclude advertising on those calls. And calls between corporates, we don't know which way this is going to go now because it hasn't really taken off yet. But there's a real danger that that could also depend heavily on Link, that if a lot of them start using Link and a lot of governments as well, then people will not be able to make a credible case to use something else. So if other solutions don't actually get in there first and if these big boys get established, then it becomes a lot more dangerous. They can't do that retrospectively with email now. I mean, we've had some fears about domain keys and other techniques that some companies have tried to introduce to email, but they haven't completely stopped open source and free solutions. Here, we're at a different point because the open and free solutions don't have a strong foothold yet. I'm not sure if you can see this. Can everyone read that at the back? No? Okay.  And what you've got in the big box on the left is your soft phone, whatever that may be, your non-free product. And then these two little arrows, in the top arrow, we've got a system analysing your speech to extract the words. And these systems already exist. So they're extracting what you say in whatever language you choose to speak. And the other arrow is analysing your emotions and other context. And they can do this as well. They can detect whether you're happy or sad. If you're happy, they want to sell you a holiday. If you're afraid, they'll try and sell you car insurance or something. And this all goes into a data warehouse somewhere. This then drives some logic for positioning advertisements. And on the right, you've got your web browsing and your other online activities, not just during the time that you're on a phone call, but maybe for the rest of the day or the rest of the week. So they build up a picture of your state during a phone call, and then they can use that to influence what advertising you'll see. They can link all of that together using a single sign-on and other mechanisms that track you. So this is serious stuff because it allows advertisers to target things much more closely than ever before. Just to break out of that for a moment. So in the browser here, this is a publication from the IEEE from 2006. It's been around for about six years. But this basically concerns analyzing emotions in speech to understand how you react to different brands. So you can imagine that this is not the only application of this technology, but if you type this into Google recognition of emotions in speech, you'll find a lot of stuff has been done over quite a few years now. So communications, it's very pervasive. Every person in every business has some sort of communication system, a technological solution, whether it's their mobile phone, their email, maybe a combination of things. Not only that, they get a lot more angry if it's not working compared to just an outage of their internet browsing. As I mentioned before with the operating system, you don't have so much pressure from other people. I've worked in offices where I could use Linux even though the guy sitting next to me was running Windows. I've been able to use Thunderbird or iStuff to connect to the exchange server even when the guy next to me is using Outlook. But with communications, you have a bit more pressure to use something that's compatible. That's why we all get these requests to use Skype or it's typically Skype that people mention. And it's just a very dangerous area that if we fail to address the concerns about the quality of the service or if we fail to attack the peer pressure issue and to provide solutions that can be widespread, then open source and free solutions just won't get a foot in the door. So what can we do? So here I've got a list of some suggestions and I've mentioned some packages that already exist in Weezy. Supporting both protocols, the SIP and Java. I think that if you choose one or the other, then you won't have 100% coverage. Do we have some questions? A microphone. I'd like to add something before you go further. I've missed the first slide but I think you didn't talk about also the issue of the lack of encryption or at least end to an encryption that could guarantee that your communication is protected and confidential which I think is much more worse than advertisement. Yeah, encryption is an issue. It's not the fundamental issue of the talk today but a lot of what we're going to go through does actually support it and it is on this slide as well. It's further than you'll see TLS. It's grayed out at the moment. But we'll get to the encryption there's a little demo coming as well. It is very relevant but it's not fundamental to having a free solution. Okay, I mentioned this because recently I heard about Skype integrating some technology to be able to make possible and easy to governments to wiretap calls. Yes, well they already do that with GSM networks. I mean most people have the perception that when they take out their mobile phone and they call their friend if I call Hector I might believe that my call is encrypted all the way to his phone. Is that true? No, it's encrypted to the tower and then the tower decrypts it listens to it if necessary and then encrypts it again and sends it out to his phone. So most people have the perception that it's encrypted from their phone to the phone that they're calling that there's nothing in the middle. It's not true. So just going back to the slide SIP and JABA in parallel another question? Microphone? You didn't mention Mumble's protocols is that not relevant here as something that is in use and isn't either SIP or JABA as I understand it? It's not as widespread but it is relevant. But what we'll do I'll go through or do you want me to stop for a minute and you can tell us it? We can go through a bit more detail for those who don't know I'll explain. Go ahead. The other issue to maximize the chance that two people can speak to each other is to have as many codecs as possible that if you have different codecs and this is common with open source solutions is many of them have the 64 kilobit codec but they all have different low bit rate codecs some have GSM, some have Speaks you actually need to have as many of them as possible to have success. Plug and play solutions I mentioned before you don't have that with Asterisk but now we have packages like Repro which is for SIP and each ABBA D has been around for a while it's web based, it's easy you just install the package do a few settings and you have something you can use. NAT, there is a solution now that the only requirement for ICE and TURN to work is that all your devices need to support it so as long as you can use modern SIP phones or Java devices or soft phones this will work it seems to be the only strong way to deal with the NAT issue and the package for that is this reciprocate TURN server phone spam I mean if you imagine all the spam you get in email who gets more than 10 spam messages in a day? Can you imagine if those were phone calls? Yeah, okay this is a real issue and it's another reason that voice over IP has been held back is this fear of spam, impersonation as well as the interception of calls TLS with mutual authentication can address a lot of those problems because you know who's calling you because it's signed by a certificate and not only that but you can implement access controls and other mechanisms you can use statistical methods to identify patterns from spammers because they need to have some certificate to get on the network you can recognise when they're using that certificate and legacy traditions like phone numbers so ENUM is one way to address the requirement to keep using phone numbers or to support them this package, the DLZ LDAP ENUM if you have phone numbers in a LDAP directory it exposes them all over ENUM instantly so any other voice over IP application that can use ENUM can use your LDAP directory for routing so that's a very quick win installing that package this is just a quick diagram the main thing to notice here is that the two phones at the bottom right calling each other on the local network the RTP stream is going within the network between them for the phone on the left the one that's out on the internet somewhere his RTP stream goes through that turn server at the top and that's how we deal with the NAT issue and you notice in this case if you can read the IP addresses that the guy on the left actually has the same IP address on some other NAT as one of the phones in the office but for the turn server that's no problem but it would be a problem with some older SIP solutions so if we go back and forth you can see the JABBA solution is very very similar but the JABBA system can also use the same turn server to handle the connection of NAT users so that's another victory for open standards you don't have to deploy two of these things one of them is enough and this is putting them all together you'll notice that the SIP server and the JABBA server they can both use the same certificate as well so you don't have to buy different certificates for each server and that's working with the single turn server for both of them you have a soft phone using JABBA on the top left through the top right and on the bottom right you have a desk phone using SIP and you have various users out in the wild so free software and free communications they go together the DRM like things that they're a real threat so we've already gone through half an hour so what I'm going to do is I'm going to skip over some of this and just go over here to do two quick demonstrations this is the JABBA D server so it's a nice web interface after you install the package you just go in and you add your users you need to set up a certificate and start adding your users and then you've got a JABBA system and that's federated so when you add your friend on Google Talk they see your full domain with your email address rather than a Google Talk user ID the other demonstration is re-pro the SIP proxy which is very similar but for SIP that's not installed and so we don't see anything here so we're going to see if it actually installs in the middle of giving a presentation without breaking something so install the... yes I can do that is that better? is that better? okay so we've just installed the library package this lib reciprocate and we install the... let's install that turn server package that's installed in the latest version of the package is their config files moved a little bit but they're largely like this so we just set up our IP address here and then we have that turn server you'll notice the default password here I'd recommend changing that so this one I'm actually going to remove that now so you can all see my host name there what was that package name? it's return the actual package is not named return anymore it wasn't appropriate for the archive so it's now reciprocate turn server but the other one is the repro proxy this one also has a config file you get to see some more passwords here just admin is the default and the port is 5080 so if we're lucky you can log in as admin you can add some users you should add some domains first mydomain.com we just put that on the default port add a user so we put Daniel and there it is and if I successfully configure my phone then it will appear on this list so those are some of the quickest ways to get started with SIP and Java on Debian so those packages should be there in Weezy very much in the form that you've just seen just to look at it from another angle this is the Bloomy call dialer for Android and you can see here a demonstration of dialing with enum so I've selected a contact and the dialer has actually found an enum record for Bob's phone number so that's the first record you see with enum is via SIP5060.net so it can place the call for free using that the next option is it's found Bob's email address which you see there and it's realized that he has a SIP server for loomycall.org so it offers you the option of calling that email address as if it's a SIP address so it just works that out if the domain doesn't have the SIP address it won't show up as an option so the user should not be confused and then it can dial through the mobile network and you pay for the call just let it continue so I've chosen the enum route it dials the number and in this case it's doing it's warning us the call is not secure there it is it's done the ZRTP setup and it's now secured those two words you see there both users on each end of the call should see the same two words the security of ZRTP is based on two things that you should both see the same words and that you should recognize the other person's voice so it doesn't work if you call the airline and you get someone in a call center who you've never spoken to before because you don't have any way to recognize their voice so ZRTP gives you these two words and if you hear the voice and you recognize it and they read out those two words to you then you know you have a secure line it's based on a Diffie-Hellman key exchange so that's Lumicall so that's the end of the presentation so I'd like to have questions Yes By security here you mean security as in I'm talking to who I would like to be talking to? Yes, using the voice authentication you're verifying the identity of the person and on top of that it's also encrypting the call with AES so all the packets are signed with a digest so that there's no impersonation and they're all encrypted with AES so it's encrypted I'd like to point out a couple of things about the whole topic but first of all here I would say immediately that I don't think anybody will ever read those two words to anybody who they're calling I don't think that's possible for real users I think any solution that tries to do something like that will fail to be honest but independently of that you seem to be making the point that the problem we have currently with communications is based only on the difficulty of creating a SIP server configuring it, etc but I don't agree with that I think the biggest problem we have is first of all that soft phones are in general not very good that when people try a free soft phone it will not work well even though there is plenty of SIP providers that give decent products no sorry, decent services so I think the biggest issue to overcome is having really well-working soft phones and then also another thing as I said before the security concern I think is growing and many people that is not technically oriented especially after what happened with Facebook and other stuff so that I think is something to concentrate on if we want to make those people switch to free software but if we are not bringing the security and confidentiality as top priorities I think you're not getting these people and I've seen your graphs your RTP connections were not secure they were only caring about authentication and I don't care about authentication I care about encryption okay, the diagrams that we looked at before were very simple so I didn't go into the S-RTP simply because we don't have a lot of time to do that if you look at the opentelecoms.org website you'll see it's covered in more depth the ZRTP itself, these two words they come from Phil Zimmerman the guy behind PGP so it is popular this is just one implementation it's not something I created and I don't take any credit for that protocol but does anyone else have anything? I remember reading once something that was saying that when you use Skype you are actually going through somebody who is running a Windows version of Skype and having set up his computer well so it's not nothing I mean it just has no firewall on their house and so in a sense you get a good quality phone call because you are running in some sort of zombie network of Windows users so any thoughts on that? Yes, this turn server does the same thing, it relays the packets for people who do not have real internet connectivity themselves who don't have a static IP address they are behind a NAT they cannot directly communicate with someone behind another NAT so they need to relay their media somehow Skype solved that problem by as you describe acting like a Trojan if it discovered that some machine is open to the internet it would turn that machine into a relay you have various consequences if the user switches off their machine or if they are downloading something quality suffers that's why deploying the return server package here builds much more solid solutions I've been using a hard SIP phone for the last 7 years or something and that works pretty well with an external SIP provider but I could never get the soft phone stuff to work on my laptop until I got an N900 which actually makes phone calls that work so I found the usual problem that you only got one way comms or you couldn't get through the NAT thing and you end up using Skype to actually talk to somebody and now you are saying that basically you reckon that is all now fixed and it really will just work and also the second part if I am running your eJabbaD service stuff does that mean I don't now need an external SIP provider except for the connecting to the PSTN part that's correct just to focus on that first because that relates to the previous question about SIP providers as well is that in the world of email we don't rely on external email providers we don't have a system of widespread use of email to fax gateways I mean they do exist but they are not representing more than 1% of today's emails so in voice over IP we still have a lot of reliance on SIP providers their business models vary, their quality varies most of them aim at a low cost market and that has consequences for customer support it causes a lot of frustration for users who are very technical who want to discuss a problem with an engineer because the SIP provider has a call centre in the Philippines or something like that so there's a lot of frustrations there the way around it is to build federated systems to just work around them I mean you still need to have some connectivity to the PSTN just a comment from IC apparently Skype no longer proxies through users, computers and this is a recent change apparently there's Skype there is a similar thing in Jabba as well called jingle nodes that attempts to do the same thing in an open way I won't go into that now I have a couple questions first of all do you have any opinions about free switch there is a now obsolete ITP which has been closed it hasn't been worked on any thoughts about that? maybe I open that up to someone else okay, I've been failing to package free switch for a very long time I'm currently collaborating with someone that's one of the free switch developers who has done most of the work that I did and a load of other work in parallel and a much better job because he understands the build system for free switch which is a bit twisted to say the least it includes things like W getting libraries in the middle of the build which is deeply beautiful so I think there's a reasonable chance of it getting packaged once we've done an audit of the copyright of the 150 odd libraries that they include they seem to have a tendency to whenever they see anything that could conceivably link against free switch some cheerful person goes off and does it they're starting to understand that that means that you end up with a lot of libraries that are three years out of date because I haven't got the manpower to keep on updating things maybe we will be able to get that as a Debian package probably not with all those libraries intact there is an instance of free switch which is something on void.debian.net at the moment which we're also trying to get to the point where we can give all DDs an account normally I set that up as the way that you can make calls out of DebConf this year I ended up not having an operational hard phone so that didn't happen but hopefully this time round we'll actually go into LDAP at the moment so that you can select a password for your login should be ready really soon the server is running the new packages now the new packages have some sort of sanity to them hopefully that will all work well I'm going to say something that people that like asterisk are going to get upset about now but I would say that free switch is to asterisk post fixes to send mail we have to wrap up now but I have actually addressed this in detail on the open telecom store dog website and so you can read this and find all the answers here so thanks thanks for all the questions


You have to think about it is, when is your edge in favor? Bed Bath and Beyond was that example of Bao drinking Hennessy. So I bulldozed into Bed Bath and Beyond and made hundreds of thousands of dollars. But today was an example of Bao at Disney World. There was a 50-50 chance that NERV was going to go down, so I didn't use much size. I ended up losing about $950. I got out around $11 and as I'm recording this video now, stock is at $14. So I did really well today. I did really well today considering how crazy of a stock this was, right? So the point that I'm trying to make here, guys, before we get into the details of this video, is the MIC strategy. MIC process teaches you to bet heavy on your ideal setups. If you do not know what your ideal setup is, if you do not know what your edge is, that means that you have not tracked your data enough to know what you are good at. you