I'm Marcia Joyner and we are navigating the journey and today's journey is into Hanukkah. This is December in the middle of December and everybody is about Christmas and Christmas and Christmas and we never think of looking at other people's cultures and other people's religions and in fact with Santa Claus you would think that's all that Christmas was. We don't even look at this spiritual part of Christmas but that's a different story. Today we are going to talk about the story of Hanukkah and honestly it is an amazing story and we have two great guests both of which are brilliant and they know all about the Jewish traditions. So, Pearl, hello, where are you? Thank you so much and Sam, where's Sam? Thank you so much. Sam came all the way from Maui to be with us today. So, Sam, tell us something about you and your relationship with the Jewish traditions. Well, I grew up in Jerusalem. I come from a conservative family in Jerusalem and we always observed the festival of Hanukkah. It was really a special time for us. In Jerusalem people light Hanukkah menorahs on the outsides of their houses in glass boxes and you can see them as you walk down the streets. Everybody has their Hanukkah candles on the outsides of their doors and beautiful displays and the whole town is kind of lit up with these Hanukkah menorahs all over. And for us it was also a time when our family got together and we really connected around the lighting of the candles. So, I recently moved to Maui and I've been a part of the Jewish congregation of Maui over there and we still get together and have you know Hanukkah lightings. This year will be a little bit different because of COVID but we're still going to do everything on Zoom that we would normally do. And what about the meals? Now, I've got the latkes and the jelly donuts and I had Paul order them, Safeway made them just for me for this morning for today which was wonderful but I don't eat jelly donuts. Why the jelly? I understand the potatoes. I understand cooking everything in oil. I just don't understand the jelly. Carol, do you know why the jelly? I think the jelly was added later on to make it sweet. The idea of both the latkes and the jelly donuts are the same. We eat foods fried in oil because of the miracle that took place 2200 years ago when the small band of Maccabees defeated the mighty Greek army of the mighty Greek Empire and they entered into the temple in Jerusalem and they wanted to like the menorah in the temple in Jerusalem. It didn't look exactly like this. It may have looked a little bit more like this but this is an eighth branch with an extra in the center. It was a seven branch menorah in the temple and there was a, they found one cruise of oil, one pitcher of oil that was unadulterated. All the rest the Greeks had deliberately opened and defiled so that it wasn't kosher to use for the candelabra in the temple, the menorah in the temple. So they found one jug of oil which was enough to light all the lights in the menorah for one night and the miracle was that it lasted for eight nights in order to give them time to make new oil which took them eight days to travel from wherever it was made in Israel outside Jerusalem and to bring it to Jerusalem with that whole process took eight days. In celebration of the oil that should have lasted for one night lasting eight days so we now have an eight day holiday and eat foods heavy on the oil hence the latkes and the jelly donuts. So I think the jelly is it's a later invention to make it sweeter that's it. The idea is that it's fried in oil. Well and I tell you when I showed up in a safe way and they were so wonderful about helping me with everything and everybody kept telling me happy holiday happy holiday so happy holiday. So now that okay so we we're going to begin because it really is sundown tomorrow is that correct? Correct Thursday evening before sunset yes well after sunset action. All right so let's tell us the story. Were you exactly what happened now you were talking about Maccabees Judah Maccabee who was that?   Well I wanted to start a little bit with a kind of a bit of a bigger picture but okay when we when we grow up in Israel when we grow up um in our Jewish communities very often the Conica is really of the oil and the miracle of this little picture the temple is soul and the triumph of the soul and the way that the soul perseveres. What's really fascinating is that the story in the book of Maccabees was not included in the Tanakh the Jewish Bible it's not really mentioned very much in Jewish sources at all but there is a very long description of what the Jews in around about 167 years before the common era 167 BC before the common era were facing at that time and they were facing essentially the annihilation of a culture so what we're looking at is Jews were being told that they weren't allowed to celebrate being Jewish they weren't allowed to represent who they are they weren't allowed to study the Torah in public they weren't allowed to circumcise their children they had to eat foreign meats particularly swine which is against the Torah's laws and they were trying to figure out what to do at this time and the people split up because there was two groups of people among the Jews and there were some that were enamored with this Greek culture they were in love with the Greek culture and they wanted to participate in the gymnasiums they didn't want to be circumcised they often went through operations to cover up their circumcisions and then there was a group of Jews who said no we realized that this is a tradition that we have to keep alive this is something that is the dignity of our people this is something that needs to persevere this is something that we believe in and this is something that we're willing to die for necessary and the many of the Jews at that time period gave lives and small group of people led by Matathias who is a priest Matityahu Matityahu Ben Yohanan Kengadol from the family of Yoyarif lived in a place called Modi'in which is now a big city in Israel and he decided you know what we're going to take a different path we're actually going to stand up for ourselves and we're going to fight this oppression and we're going to create a rebel army and we're going to recapture this country for the Jewish community and he and his sons and Judah the Maccabee was his eldest son fought a war of rebellion of resilience in order to recapture the temple and rededicate the temple their rule was very beautiful for the Jews for many years but then the rabbis later on after the destruction of the temple wanted to emphasize something that was more inward something that was more about the soul and they realized that the Jews were now going to go in and to die to diaspora and they weren't going to have their own country so they wanted to have a way to have conica keep the people alive without this ideal of the warrior and in order to do that they emphasized a different aspect of the holiday which was more about the light and the oil and the inner process of transforming ourselves oh i love that so so for those of us that don't practice Judaism uh Pearl can can this mean the light of in ourselves can can we as of outsiders how can we share the light the candles being lit the whole idea of light because that's basically what we are well thank you for that question marcia that's an excellent question and i'll tell you why it's particularly pertinent two of all the Jewish holidays the Hanukkah holiday and to put the cart before the horse this is actually why khabad all over the world not just here in hawaii and on every island Sam where you are in Maui and in kawaii and the big island but also all over the united states and all over the world khabad makes great emphasis on displaying menorahs in public we have a display going up at alamoana shopping center a mecanica ali in west oahu in Waikiki and the reason for that is marcia is because particularly Hanukkah carries a universal message and the the message is as follows when the Greeks try to defeat the macabees as Sam just pointed out so eloquently and so very well informed that they just try to destroy the Jewish religion the Jewish people the Jewish culture and wanted to Hellenize the entire Israeli population meaning that everybody should speak Greek talk Greek act Greek have Greek names etc and wipe out Judaism Jewish study and Jewish practice and therefore with the victory of the macabees we're not just talking about military victory again as sam had mentioned we're talking a spiritual victory and to quote one of the famous prayers of the Hanukkah holiday we are commemorating the victory of right over the might over the few over the many in other words this message resonates universally that it is not might and it is not physical power that makes one victorious it is the power of doing right and doing what god wants and the light of the oil the light of the menorah king Solomon said it very beautifully much better than I he said kiner Hashem Nishmat Adam that's in Hebrew the soul of man is the candle of God every human being is created in God's image we all have a spark of God within us and it is our duty and obligation to shine that light of God that is within us to the world and share that godly light living the way God wants us to moral good kind lives respecting each other respecting our society that that kind of life is shining our godly light so the Hanukkah candles they represent freedom of religion and the freedom of our light to shine as we each want to practice it people of any faith and people of no faith at all we all are created in God's image and therefore the United States of America has a very special place in this pantheon of beliefs because the United States was the first country in the history if I'm correct in the history of the planet to say that we can all practice as we want to to give us the freedom of religion and to celebrate that the universal message of the Hanukkah lights resonates with everyone we have the freedom to practice religion that's one message of the Hanukkah lights we have a godly light that is within us that is a soul that we need to shine to the world because the world is desperately in need of spiritual light and of course to literally light our menorahs so whether you light a menorah or not you can celebrate the message of light by eating oily foods and by shining your individual unique light to the world now most of the winter the december religion all all across have candles and I guess it's because this is the dark time of the year and for most of these religions they were created long before electricity so I would think now both of you you can tell me I would think that this the candle the light of the candle across the traditions means something special about the light what it is about us as as our soul as our spirit regardless of the religion but that seems to be the one thing that is in all of those religions and you know the asians have one at the beginning of winter and then of course Hanukkah and I think the Muslims have one at this time of year and the Christians have Christmas of course but the candles seem to be the one standard thing the one in common is there a reason for that is it or am I making help something or am I well should I answer that one please oh okay so what what comes to mind in the Jewish sources is really fascinating I mean there's a lot of sources on the the idea of light in Hanukkah and certainly the lights of Hanukkah have a certain quality to them that they are meant solely for the purpose of admiring the light as opposed to the Shabbat candles which we light each Friday night the Shabbat candles have a have a purpose that they're meant to give us the type of light that we use for our purposes on Shabbat and that we actually enjoy in a kind of a personal way the Hanukkah lights are not meant to be used for any purpose they're meant to simply be looked at and contemplated and meditated upon so we can't read to the light of the Hanukkah candles and we can't use them for any other type of illumination all that we're meant to do is enjoy simply the fact that light is there and the fact that light is lighting up the darkness in this darker time of the year and actually one of the early sources for you know the one of the things that's sort of been connected in some way to the Hanukkah festival is something that actually speaks about a totally different topic but it's in the Talmud and it's in the track date that speaks about the holidays of all nations and in that track 8, it talks about the first human being in the world and the first human being, Adam, was cast out of the Garden of Eden and in our tradition that happened in the month of Tishrei which would be around September time and he was cast out of the Garden of Eden and he just started seeing that the days were becoming shorter and gradually darkness was increasing in the world and over that entire fall period this Adam who had only been born into the world towards the beginning of the winter started seeing darkness increasing in the world and he said oh woe is me all this darkness that is coming into the world it's all part of this same sin or the same casting out that happened from the Garden of Eden. I am responsible for all of this darkness and then around the time of the winter solstice the days start to change and light begins to increase and slowly slowly there's this little hope that happens and light comes back and at that time it says that the first Adam decided to make a festival of Thanksgiving for eight days and that festival of Thanksgiving was a festival of the changing and the return of light into the world. So the Hanukkah lights are in some way symbolic of this moment in time when we're at the height of darkness and light begins and that light symbolizes redemption it symbolizes the resilience of our tradition of all of what we have to share with the world the symbol that goes out and simply alludes to my hope. Well so much of the Christian traditions come from the Jewish traditions simply because I think they're all created at the same time from the same place but I call desert religions the Jews, the Christians, the Muslims all created in the desert in under same conditions and I think they're all cousins because they come from Abraham but that's a different story. However there's so many of the traditions that are seen down the same path yeah they're all different but I think at the heart of it they're the same. Or am I making a pearl? Help me. I can't say I have that much familiarity with Christian traditions but I am sure as you said they all evolved from the same source and as I mentioned before there are some things that are just universal the fact all of humanity we all share a godly light and a godly soul we all share a piece of God within us every human being yearns for love for peace for warmth for kindness these are universal values and as a matter of fact you know again to touch on what you said earlier Marcia about like what do people that are not of the Jewish religion how can they tap into Chanukah and celebrate. So while the Jewish people accepted upon themselves 613 commandments at Mount Sinai approximately 3,300 years ago there is a code of universal morality called the Noah Hyde laws which are applicable to every human being and by living by that moral code I encourage everyone to google it there are seven basic laws about you know no idol worship sexual morality courts of justice kindness to animals etc those are some of the laws I would encourage everybody to google that because by living our life by a moral code and a recognition that there is a creator above that is a commonality amongst all of us on this planet regardless of what religion we practice regardless of what faith we practice or don't practice or how much or how little we observe but there is a common moral code a shared expectation on the part of God that all of humanity recognize that there is a creator that there is a higher power a higher source and that's why I think you'll find the commonality of traditions expressing that in terms of candles in terms of light in terms of wanting to bring light into this world and expressing our own light in this world and manifesting it in a physical manner connecting the physical and the spiritual I think those are goals shared throughout humanity regardless of how it is expressed in different religions and that's why I think the universal message of the Chanukah candles resonates the light of freedom the light of godliness and the holiness that we each have within side of us and can share with the world and the light of right over might that not not not not simply having a physically powerful makes you correct and right in this world and there are times that we see that openly that God reveals that openly for all to see and that is the Chanukah message that everyone can tap into I I love that idea can you explain to tell us a bit about each of the candles and how the the order in which they are lived uh Sam you want to go for it yeah so um so the custom the custom originally was that we would only light one candle and that was that was the original custom of Chanukah that's described that it was enough to light one candle because the whole point was just to have light and then it became a custom that each person would have their own one lamp an oil lamp and then later on it became a custom that there would be eight lamps and there were two two ideas of how that would be celebrated and one one said well you should start with eight and you should take one away each night and that idea was um the opinion of the house of Bechamai and that that that opinion sort of had to do with thinking about the potential of the days to come and the the kind of the way that we're building up towards kind of a um we're we're sort of marking this time that is we have eight nights that are still before us on the first night and seven nights that are still before us on the second night and six and so on but the custom that's become accepted is to light one lamp additionally each night and that was the opinion of Bechilau which is the sense of increasing some of the increase way um and so what we do is that is the candle that is the candle that's used to light the other candles and that candle is called the Shamash because it serves as a servant candle the tall one yeah and so it's not in line with the other candle it's called the Shamash it's just used to light them and then it's placed in the middle um so you would light that first and then you would start the new candle that you had placed for that night so on the first night you would just light the first candle on the second night you would start with the second candle and the second candle so if you were placing for example um the menorah on the outside of your door which is the custom that i mentioned in Jerusalem um it's not usually most people put them in their windows but you would have a marker the mizuzah on the right side of your door and you would have the Hanukkah on the left side and you would start with the um the new candle which would be the candle that would be um added one to the left of the first one so then you would start and you would light with that candle first and then you would light the previous candle which would only have a minute or two left tell me about the dreidel i'm gonna go ahead girl yeah so the dreidel is like a little a little spinning top a little spinning toy and why we play with it today is because it commemorates when the Greeks as Sam had mentioned the Greeks forbade the Jewish people to study the Torah the Torah is our bible otherwise known in the world as the Old Testament so they refused to allow the Jews to study Torah the Jews never gave up studying Torah and what they did was they would hide the fact that they were studying Torah and when even the little children when they would come the Greek army would come and suppress the Jewish people from studying the Torah they would simply take out their spinning tops their dreidel and say oh we're just playing a little game we're not doing any studying so to commemorate the fact that notwithstanding the fact that the regime that ruled over Israel at the time which was the mighty Greek empire we forbade the study of Torah in any and all circumstances Jews have always clung to our Torah that is the light and the source of our life and that is God's words and God's teaching and even if we have to hide it by playing a spinning top that's what we'll do so till today and on each of the fourth sides there's a Hebrew letter which stands for the Hebrew phrase nes kadol hayasham a great miracle happened there and actually in Israel it says nes kadol hayasham a great miracle happened here so there's actually two versions of the dreidel and Israeli one and one for the rest of the diaspora and that just commemorates the miracle of the Jewish victory the victory of the Maccabees and the victory of the oil as Sam mentioned today many light candles but there are still some people that light oil menorahs the old-fashioned way with olive oil and cotton wicks and as Sam mentioned we increase in light every day on the first day we light one candle on the second day we light two on the third day three etc throughout the eighth day holiday until we build up showing of course that always we're meant to increase and actualize our potential and not decrease well now we've just about at the end you mentioned something about cars with with them is there a procession or something with automobiles yes thank you for reminding me so marcia we are having well first of all we're having a bunch of things covid notwithstanding we're doing zoom uh zoom events like Sam mentioned we're also doing in-person events with social distancing tomorrow night at 7 p.m we will be gathering in oahu on at the entrance to Waikiki Kohio Kornokawa we're going to be lighting our big menorahs we have for the last 33 years with social distancing five people every 12 feet apart as per government regulations but then on sunday we are going to have a car menorah parade so everybody will be distancing in their cars we have about almost 50 cars our goal is 50 cars for the 50th state we've been doing this for about 15 years now this year we're up to about I think 42 or 45 we hope to get 50 before sunday where we're going to be starting out and traveling throughout town with menorahs on our car in a display of pride and joy and unity and celebration of the holiday and everybody is welcome to honk and wave when you see our car menorahs passed by either your home or your store we'll be going through Waikiki, Kahala, Wailei and Kaimuki and back ending in Waikiki so feel free and honk when you see us thank you both this has been such a wonderful time and it went so fast I do appreciate this and again thank you both Shalom and we'll see you next time Shalom


For wave equation we have so far discussed Cauchy problem. Cauchy problem is posed on rd cross 0 infinity that is x belongs to rd and t is positive. We have considered wave equation in 3 space dimensions namely d equal to 1, 2 and 3. In this lecture we are going to discuss wave equation when it is posed on not necessarily on rd but on a subset of rd. In this lecture we are going to restrict ourselves to d equal to 1. So we consider wave equation which is posed on sub intervals of r because the equation is posed on sub intervals of r they have boundaries and the problem that we are going to consider is what is known as initial boundary value problem and we are going to solve it using first principles in this lecture. So the outline of the lecture is as follows we state the initial boundary value problem with what are called Dirichlet boundary conditions in one space dimension that is in r and then we solve this IBVP using first principles I will explain what the first principle mean here. In the end we would like to express the solution obtained in the form of the Dalambert solution. Recall Dalambert formula gave us a solution to the Cauchy problem in r. Now we would like to have a similar formula even for an IBVP that is the goal here. So IBVP on a bounded interval in r with Dirichlet boundary conditions what is it? It is also called sometimes IBVP for a finite string. Remember the one dimensional wave equation we have modeled as a model for the transverse vibrations of a string. So since the string is finite it is called finite string here 0L that is the string position is 0 to L. So given functions phi which is in C2 on the interval 0L and psi which is C1 on the interval 0L please note the closed intervals here. Find a solution to the homogeneous wave equation it means the IBVP we are going to consider the homogeneous wave equation posed on the domain x in 0L T positive. With the initial conditions the initial displacement is phi x and initial velocity is psi x and Dirichlet boundary condition these are new compared to the Cauchy problem in r that is because we are considering x in the domain 0L. So it has two boundary points namely 0 x equal to 0 and x equal to L and that there we describe U of 0 T equal to 0 and U of L T equal to 0. In other words this is the domain we are considering 0L this is x this is T. Here we want that the wave equation to be satisfied homogeneous wave equation and this is T equal to 0 here we prescribe U x 0 and U T x 0 this is phi of x this is psi of x and here these are the boundary points this is x equal to 0 and x equal to L here we prescribe that U of 0 T is 0 U of L T equal to 0. We have introduced this initial boundary value problem in a tutorial in the lecture 4.3 earlier. So what to do with non-zero Dirichlet boundary conditions? The Dirichlet boundary conditions prescribe the values of the unknown function on the boundary. We are considering 0 Dirichlet boundary conditions an IBVP with non-zero Dirichlet boundary conditions may be transformed to an IBVP with 0 Dirichlet boundary conditions but we may have to pay a cost that will be introduced as source term and also modify the initial speed and velocity initial displacement and velocity. So the PDE would become non-homogeneous but source term of course consists of a known function so that is something good and we will discuss this question in a tutorial what is the question how to transform a problem with non-zero Dirichlet boundary conditions to a problem with 0 Dirichlet boundary conditions. So what about other boundary conditions? So IBVPs with other boundary conditions may also be considered Neumann conditions that is dou U by dou x 0 T and dou U by dou x at L T are prescribed. In Dirichlet we are prescribing U 0 T and U L T instead of U we prescribe dou U by dou x at the boundary points x equal to 0 and x equal to L at the boundary x equal to 0 is actually a line and x equal to L for all times they are prescribed positive times or Robin conditions which is a combination of Dirichlet and Neumann.  So any mix of these types of boundary conditions may be considered in other words what we are saying is this is the domain that we are considering okay this is 0 this is L here we may have U of 0 T and here we may have dou U by dou x of 0 T of L T we may prescribe this we may also prescribe something like this alpha U 0 T plus beta dou U by dou x L 0 T here and here we prescribe for example U of L T. So any mix of conditions is also possible one can study finding solutions from first principles might become cumbersome for these other boundary conditions not so much for Neumann conditions but for Robin conditions it is going to be cumbersome given any boundary conditions due to linearity of the wave equation one may find a solution to IBVP as a superposition of solutions to simpler problems. So when we are when we have to solve an IBVP we should identify simpler problems out of them and then solve them and then superpose the solutions and that will be a solution thanks to the linearity of the wave equation or wave operator on IBVP for non-homogeneous equations and other domains. So IBVP for non-homogeneous equation may be solved using Duhamel principle exactly as we did for the Cauchy problem. We are studying the IBVP posed on an interval 0 L that is only for convenience one could also consider an interval AB it is similar one may ask what about infinite intervals or semi-infinite intervals that means zero intervals of the type 0 comma infinity that is much more simpler. So that is why we are not studying that instead we are studying a more complicated which is a finite interval 0 L case this is much simpler the methods that we are following in this lecture will apply and solution can be obtained in much simpler manner. So there are two methods that we are going to discuss to solve the initial boundary value problem. One is solution from first principles that is what we are going to discuss in this lecture. The starting point for this approach is the fact that solution to the homogeneous wave equation is of the type f of x minus ct plus g of x plus ct that means it is a superposition of a left moving wave and a right moving wave. Solution by the method of separation of variables that is another method this we are going to discuss in the next lecture and that is a very general more general method it does not assume a specific knowledge of the general solution or the problem of the wave equation. This is a very general method it is applicable for many linear equations we are going to see later on in the course that we will apply this for Laplace equation and also heat equation. So let us start discussion of the solution of IBVP from first principles. The main idea as explained before is that general solution to the equation wave equation homogeneous wave equation is a superposition of a right propagating wave and a left propagating wave that is uxt equal to f of x minus ct plus g of x plus ct. A general classical solution would be exactly this formula where f and g are c2 functions. So what is the action plan for us find expressions for fg of course we are solving IBVP. So therefore naturally the expressions for them will involve the data in the problem namely phi and psi how we get that we have to use the initial and boundary conditions and find out the compatibility conditions that phi and psi must satisfy. It is actually not enough that phi is a c2 of 0l and psi is c1 of 0l as mentioned earlier that is not enough they must satisfy some compatibility condition between them so that the f and g are c2 functions. So what are the goals in this find expressions for the functions f and g obtain a solution to the problem at each point of the strip 0l cross 0 infinity one sided strip. Usually strip is like this infinite thing but no we are starting we are stopping here so obtain solution here 0l cross 0 infinity express f and g in terms of phi psi find conditions under which f and g are c2 functions and finally present the solution in the form of D'Alembert formula. Now let us ask what is the information that we can get on f and g from initial conditions the initial condition ux0 equal phi x gives us fx plus gx equal to phi x always keep writing this domain for which this equality is valid very important if you ignore this we can easily make mistakes we have another initial condition which is ut of x0 equal to psi so on differentiating u of xt we did this earlier exactly the same computation we did this while deriving the D'Alembert formula. So ut dou u by dou t of xt is by chain rule f prime at the point x minus ct into derivative of x minus ct with respect to t that will give us minus c similarly g prime of x plus ct and derivative of x plus ct with respect to t is c so that is what exactly we have here when you put t equal to 0 it reduces to this. So integrating this last equation over the interval 0 to x will give us this expression minus fx plus gx equal to 1 by c integral 0 to x psi as ds minus f0 plus g0. So now we have two equations in fact linear equations for the fx and gx one equation is here one equation is here therefore we can solve for f and g. So solving the system of equations gives us fxi equal to this and g eta equal to this. I am using different notations here xi and eta because we know normally we use xi for x minus ct that is what we are going to substitute later to get a formula uxt and here we are going to put g of x plus ct that is why we are using eta fine. So when you write u of xt equal to f of x minus ct and plus g of x plus ct something will happen from here but this will get cancelled. This is f0 minus g0 by 2 this is exactly minus of that so when you add it will be 0 it is a constant. So finally what do we have initial conditions determine f and g only on the interval 0l f and g are determined only on the intervals for xi in 0l and eta in 0l and we dropped here the constant terms for the reasons that I have explained earlier. So when we substitute in the formula uxt equal to f of x minus ct plus g of x plus ct what we get is the D'Alembert's solution exactly D'Alembert's solution. What is this domain where xi is between 0 and l and eta is between 0 and l that is exactly same as all those xt for which x minus ct is between 0 and l and x plus ct is between 0 and l. So initial conditions determine solution by the D'Alembert's formula but this solution we obtain only for few xt not for all xt in the strip that we wanted to solve for it is only here in this region that means solution is determined in this region which is written here xt in 0l cross 0 infinity such that x minus ct lies between 0 and l and x plus ct lies between 0 and l. We have a figure on the next slide let us look at that and also the interpretation in terms of xi and eta okay xi between 0l eta between 0l look at this picture this is exactly this picture this is this is the region where the D'Alembert's formula gives us solution okay if you look at this this is x minus ct equal to 0 and if you just write a line here that is x minus ct equal to l so this is xi equal to 0 so this is xi equal to l so xi lies between 0 and l similarly eta eta lies between eta equal to l is here this line is eta equal to l and a parallel line here would be eta equal to 0 okay common part of that is precisely this triangular region this triangle that is where we have the D'Alembert's solution so the initial conditions determine the solution in this triangular region so this picture is sometimes called diamond picture strip as a union of diamonds in terms of xi eta coordinates where the characteristic lines are xi equal to constant and eta equal to constant in terms of xt coordinate there x minus ct equal to constant and x plus ct equal to constant observe that the values of f are needed on minus infinity 0 and g are needed on 0 infinity why is that let us look go back to the picture okay this picture we obtain as you see x minus ct equal to 0 x minus ct equal to minus l minus 2l and so on minus 3l and so on therefore the values of f are needed because we have an expression f of x minus ct values are needed only from this l to infinity minus infinity here similarly if you look at g what do we need is here this is x plus ct equal to 0 x plus ct equal to l here x plus ct equal to 2l 3l and so on therefore since we have g of x plus ct we need that g is defined on 0 comma infinity that is all we need so values of f are not needed for positive real numbers other after l and the values of g are not needed for negative real numbers and the various regions in this picture the boundaries are the lines the characteristic lines now if you see the 00 we have not used boundary conditions that means boundary conditions do not influence the solution in the region 00 so fix in x not in 0l the information from the boundary x equal to 0 reaches the point x not at time x not by c example let us draw this we will draw the picture at the end and the information from the boundary x equal to l reaches the point x 0 at time because the distance to the boundary is l minus x not speed is c therefore l minus x not by c is the time taken thus information from neither other boundaries reaches the point x not for all times t which is less than or equal to minimum of both of them minimum of these two times information does not reach x not and the region x 0 consists of such points x t okay this is this is the point 0 this is the point x 0 this is 0 this is l so the distance is x 0 speed is c therefore the time is x not by c okay this distance is l minus x not therefore the time taken is is here l minus x not by c of course in this picture as you see x not is very close to 0 than l that is why this time is less if you are taken a y 0 here this will be the corresponding time y 0 by c and this information from here will be here this time in any case if you take the minimum of the times up to here the information does not reach and this is true of every point in x t okay set of all those x t is this the times and the spatial points they are the ones which are in the region 0 0 now let us see what information we can get using the boundary conditions one of the boundary conditions is u 0 t equal to 0 so what we get is f of minus c t plus g of c t equal to 0 because x equal to 0 we get this equation now I observe here that f c t c is always positive speed t is positive so c t is positive minus c t is negative so f can be made sense for a negative real number provided you know the g for the corresponding positive real number c t what do I know about g g we have already determined in the interval 0 l therefore now f can be given meaning or defined or f is determined in the interval minus l to 0 because g is known on 0 to l that is the idea we are going to use so we write f of zeta equal to minus g of minus zeta for zeta less than equal to this is of course true for every zeta but only thing is that I know the formula for g only when this minus zeta is in 0 l that is that there are two aspects here one this is a relation satisfied by f and g this is true for every negative zeta there is no doubt here this is true but if do you know the expression for f that can be done only when zeta is in minus l to 0 because g is known only in 0 to l now let us use other boundary condition u of l t equal to 0 substituting in the formula for you we get f of l minus c t plus g of l plus c t is 0 for t greater than or equal to 0 so this condition how do we see you have l here this is a point l plus c t that means you travel c t to the right of l and you travel to the left side of l that is l minus c t l plus c t so f at l minus c t plus g at l plus c t is 0 that means f at l minus c t is minus of g at l plus c t see had it been the same function imagine it was some function f of l minus c t plus f of l plus c t equal to 0 imagine this is something different from what we are considering here then this actually means what f of l minus c t is equal to minus of f of l plus c t what does this mean it means that the values at l plus l you travel c t distance to the right side and to the left side the values are tied like this it just means imagine l equal to 0 what is it f of minus c t equal to minus f of c t it means f is odd about 0 so and this condition is what is called f is odd about the point l but here it is not the same f it is different f and g so this will give us f of l plus zeta equal to minus g of l minus zeta for zeta less than or equal to 0 because c t can be any positive real number therefore this zeta can be any negative real number our goal is to find expression for f and g right so these are the information that we got this we got from the one boundary condition this we got from the another boundary condition now let us compute for zeta less than or equal to l f of zeta minus 2 l that is equal to minus g of 2 l minus zeta this is actually minus of the inside thing so I am using the first equation now just this rewriting of the same thing l minus zeta minus l now I am going to use the second equation I need the argument to be negative right this argument is negative yes because zeta is less than or equal to l zeta minus l is negative so minus g of l minus any negative quantity is given by f of l plus that negative quantity okay done by second equation but what is this f of zeta so f of zeta minus 2 l equal to f of zeta for every zeta less than or equal to l what does that mean we have l here okay take any zeta and take zeta minus 2 l the values of capital F are the same it means it is a periodic function on the left side of l so if you know the value of capital F on this interval minus l comma l you know the values everywhere every negative number thanks to this relation okay these follows just from the boundary conditions so if f is known on minus l comma l then f is known on minus infinity to l now for zeta greater than or equal to 0 let us show similar thing about g g of zeta plus 2 l is minus f of minus 2 l minus zeta by first equation and that is equal to minus of f of minus zeta because we already showed the periodicity which is g of zeta therefore if g is known on the interval 0 to l then it is known everywhere 0 to infinity now let us define f on minus l comma 0 using the boundary conditions we have already noted how to define this g is known on 0 l therefore f is known on minus l to 0 by this formula therefore now f is known is determined on minus l comma l therefore on minus infinity comma l now let us do the other one for g g is already known on 0 l let us define it on l comma 2 l so that g will automatically determined due to the periodicity to 0 to infinity now f is known on minus l comma 0 so we are going to use the second condition because this condition is saying I have l here 0 here minus l here I want to define in this region right up to 2 l in this region I want to define therefore we from the second equation we get this g eta equal to minus f of 2 l minus eta for l less than eta less than or equal to 2 l g is known on 0 to l therefore it is known on 0 infinity so please stop here and convince yourself about these relations various relation that we have derived so the information that we get and using both initial and boundary conditions as follows using initial conditions we got this formula for f on the interval 0 l using the boundary conditions we have extended not extended we have determined f on the interval minus l comma 0 this is just the formula for g of minus into minus minus g of minus i and the periodicity on g similarly for initially we have determined on interval 0 l then using the second boundary condition we have got this expression on l comma 2 l and we have periodicity so now we need to write the formula we have determined f and g everywhere so now we are going to write the formula for the solution so take any point x t in 0 l cross 0 infinity now if you take somebody in that diamond picture a point in the diamond picture it is going to lie in some region it is going to some region means what it is going to lie between xi equal to some number and xi equal to that number plus 1 similarly eta equal to a number and eta equal to that number plus 1 so that is what we are setting up the notation here so x minus c t will belong to some interval of this type in fact unique m is unique in n union 0 minus m l comma minus m minus 1 into l similarly eta x plus c t that belongs to an interval of this type for some unique m so this is actually determining the region m n we have marked the region 1 1 1 2 in that picture so a general region m n is characterized by this okay for example I take 2 comma 3 okay this is my m n m is 2 right so it lies between what xi equal to minus l to xi equal to minus 2 l yeah it is here xi equal to minus l to xi equal to minus 2 l what about eta this point I have taken so it is going to lie between here which is cut eta equal to 4 l and eta equal to 3 l okay and this is the region that we get finally so let xi belongs to let x t belongs to 0 l cross 0 infinity let m n be such that xi is in this interval x minus it is in this interval x plus it is in this interval that is the region m n now we need to write f of x minus c t right but as such we have formula for f only on minus l l rest is by periodicity so we are going to use periodicity and bring this value x minus c t into the interval minus l comma l similarly x plus c t we are going to bring it to 0 comma 2 l by some translations so by the periodicity of f f of x minus c t has this formula if m is even it is f of x minus c t plus ml if m is odd it is m minus 1 l I request you to do this computations by yourself similarly for g we have an expression okay so if m is even x minus c t plus ml is in 0 l now we have to be careful because f and g are f is known on minus l comma l formulas are different on minus l to 0 and 0 to l similarly for g formula is different on 0 l and l to 2 l that is why we are making this more finer classification if m is even then x minus c t plus ml is in 0 l if it is odd this is the one which f uses so this will be in minus l 0 and I know the formula for f on that so therefore f of x minus c t is given by f of this if m is even and f of this if m is odd similarly for g we can write down we get this formula now this is something that you must verify by yourself if m is even and n is even because I have to write now u of x t equal to f of x minus c t plus g of x plus c t but the values of f and g depend on whether m and n are even and odd so I have two cases for m and two cases for n so in overall I will have four cases so this is expression for you this is expression in terms of phi and psi m even n odd we get this and this is a final formula this is for m odd and n even note the final formula is not in the Dallambert form because Dallambert wants only phi here but there is a minus here and x minus c t here but something else is here so we will do that later so let us see m odd and n odd again mixing the formula for f f is this g is this so this is the expression now I am going to substitute the values of g and f that I know and that becomes this is the formula so now the question is are they classical solutions we obtained an expression for f and g and for u in the last four slides are they classical solutions are the functions f and g is c 2 functions since f and g are expressed in terms of phi and psi answers will depend on phi and psi so we are assuming that phi is c 2 of closed interval 0 l and psi is c 1 of 0 l is this good enough when is f a c 2 function this is what we know about f there is no doubt about smoothness of f when you are not at these points like 0 l minus l and integral multiples of l because inside functions are nice this is nice so it will be a smooth function so the doubt is only at points which are like l minus l 0 2 l minus 2 l etc because that is where we have breaks in the formula so f is continuous at psi equal to 0 that means let us see here psi greater than equal to 0 so you pass to limit as psi goes to 0 what you get this integral term goes off what you get is half phi of 0 and here from here you get half minus half phi of 0 both have to be same if f is continuous which means phi of 0 is 0 now these are all similar considerations f of minus l equal to f of l if and only if phi l is 0 please answer these questions for yourself f is differentiable at psi equal to 0 if and only if psi of 0 is 0 f dash of minus l is f dash of l why do we even have this because it comes from here this holds for f of course it will hold for f dash f double dash and so on and that is true if and only if psi l is 0 f is twice differentiable at psi equal to 0 if and only if psi double dash of 0 is 0 similarly f double dash at minus l is same as f double dash l if if and only if psi double dash of l is 0 so f is a c 2 function if and only if the following happens phi and psi satisfies the following compatibility conditions these are called compatibility conditions phi at the end point 0 and l are 0 psi is also 0 at the end point 0 and l so is psi double dash under the above conditions and phi and psi the function g is also c 2 so we have a classical solution if phi satisfies these two conditions and the these compatibility conditions so let us summarize our discussions in the form of a theorem it is done on the next slide the existence and uniqueness theorem let phi and psi have this smoothness further assume the following compatibility conditions these three sets of compatibility conditions the IBVP has a unique classical solution this is IBVP remember it is a devilishly boundary conditions if you are considering no I mean boundary conditions the compatibility conditions will change so let us get the solution in the dilumbered form that is another goal that we had for that what we have to do is phi and psi which are defined only on 0 comma l we need to extend to r because we need to take phi of x minus ct psi of x plus ct and so on they should make sense that means phi and psi should be defined for every real number yeah let phi 0 and psi 0 denote the extensions of the functions phi and psi respectively to the interval minus l 0 as odd functions with respect to 0 and then as 2 l periodic functions to r so phi 0 of x is minus phi of minus x psi 0 of x is minus psi of minus x this is what is defining or extending the function phi and psi as odd function to the interval minus l comma 0 after that we can extend it to r then u of xt has the dilumbered form this is exactly what we like right phi 0 of x minus ct plus phi 0 of x plus ct by 2 plus 1 by 2 c x minus c to x plus ct psi 0 of s ds this is exactly how the dilumbered formula looks for the Cauchy problem in 1d but now not phi and psi but in terms of phi 0 and psi 0 that is the only change let us look at an example of solution in the region 1 0 1 0 means m is 1 n is 0 so this formula which I have taken from the slide where the solution m is odd n is even I get this expression and this is a formula I get now in terms of the extended functions it becomes this because ct minus x will be in minus l 0 and we have extended phi 0 as an odd function therefore this quantity is precisely phi 0 of x minus ct this is between 0 l therefore there is no change it is the same and this integral becomes this integral that is left as an exercise for you though I will be doing on some other domain later on so find the value of u of 1 by 2 3 by 2 where u solves the ibvp given here where I have given psi equal to x into 1 minus x phi is 0 as usual the Dirichlet boundary conditions which are 0 here so solution for m odd n odd will apply here because we have to look at c is 1 so x minus t is half minus 3 by 2 there is minus 1 x plus t is 2 so m equal to 1 n equal to 1 that is that is what you have explained the reason I have written here the formula is precisely this which is here and it is a matter of computing this integral minus 1 by 6. Now let us get the solution using Dallambert form because on the last slide we have used the formula which is coming from this slide which gives solution for m odd n odd. So now we need to extend our function phi 0 and psi 0 but phi 0 is 0 no need to extend so this is the formula so we need to know what is psi 0 now this formula is half minus 1 to 2 psi 0 now psi 0 is a odd function therefore if you integrate between minus 1 to 1 it will be 0 therefore this integral is essentially from 1 to 2 and 1 to 2 how did we define psi by this manner then please do this computations by yourself you get the same of course you get the same answer now let us illustrate the solution in the region 1 comma 2 where we see the connection between the Dallambert form solution and reflections. So region 1 2 is algebraically given by these inequalities and solution is given by this this you can write from the slide where m is odd and n is even you get this. Now look at this picture here I am in this region 1 2 I take a point p I want to find the u at x naught t naught p is x naught t naught it is in the region 1 2 of course region 1 2 is characterized by this inequalities that you know so what I am saying here is how do I get this solution do I have to do every time the m even n odd find which m which n etc how it comes look at this point now through this point there are two characteristics which pass through one is this pink color which is moving to the right side and this is the violet color which is moving to the left side as t increases but what we have to do is we have to do backward thing. So take the point p we want to come towards x axis because that is where our initial data is there so therefore follow this characteristic and come back you will hit the bound boundary when you hit the boundary change over to the characteristic line from the other family and you hit this point this computation can be easily done after all these are straight lines and you know this equation x equal to 0 is x equal to L.  So this is L and this is R okay and exactly the coordinates are identified what is R what is L now this is a formula that we have written down on the previous slide no the formula in the region 1, 2 is given by this now this is just for a placement where what is happening so minus L, 0, L, 2, L, 3, L. Now x naught plus CT naught lies between 2 L 3 L so it is somewhere here and x naught minus CT naught is between minus L and 0 so it is here but what we have is CT naught minus x naught which is coming this side and this we are translating by 2 L so that we fit into 0, 2, L interval that is where we know the function f and g is right f g is known on 0, 2, L so this is x plus CT so g is responsible we come here and what is L CT naught minus x naught what is R is this point okay why are we doing this picture is because we want to get the dialomert formula in dialomert formula what is integral that is between x naught minus CT naught to x naught plus CT naught so let us look at this is integral we have this integral is nothing but minus of this just switching the limits you get this now this is the integral that appears in a dialomert formula that I am writing as between x naught minus CT naught to CT naught minus x naught that is from here to here and again from here to here and this piece is repeated so I subtract but this piece is 0 because this odd function and this is a symmetric interval around 0 so this is 0 here it is odd as well as periodic therefore the this is an integral on length 2 L interval so it will be 0 so what remains is just this in other words what we have is precisely the dialomert form so this integral we got instead of L 2 R we got x naught minus CT naught x naught plus CT now this is phi of x naught minus phi naught of x naught minus CT naught and this by periodicity is phi naught of x naught plus CT naught okay interpretation of the solution using reflection of waves let x t be a point in the region M n then the formula is this the L and R exactly as I suggested we have to come to L and R but that is multiplied with minus 1 power M minus 1 power N respectively and this is 1 by 2 C integral L 2 R L and R obtained by following characteristic lines backwards as described earlier let us also do one more point and try let me take a point here okay so first thing is go like this of course these are characteristic lines which is a family of parallel lines so not too much so this point you can compute the coordinates this is L and let us do the R okay then R okay so this here M n our M n is 2 2 how many reflections we made one reflection here and two reflections similarly here one reflection for this side and two reflections so this is actually the number of reflections that we are going to do you can identify this L and R and the formula as before is applicable what is the formula minus 1 power M in this case it is 2 into phi at this point L plus minus 1 power again N is 2 phi at R by 2 plus 1 by 2 C integral L 2 R psi s ds this formula holds is a very easy way to determine the solution so let us summarize what we did we consider the IBVP with Dirichlet boundary conditions it is solved from so called first principles we are calling it first principle because we have obtained to that the beginning we have obtained the solution to the homogeneous wave equation by transforming into the system of characteristic coordinates where the equation read W psi eta equal to 0 and solution was a function of xi plus a function of eta that is why we are calling this first principles and the same problem may also be solved using the ideas presented in tutorial which is called lecture 4.3 there we did problem one as an application of that problem to solution of IBVP this IBVP can also be solved thank you.


Right, back in that is, you know what, it's nice to be on a golf course even though I'm just filming on it. For what is a long term project, something I'm doing with Wallacy Golf Club at the moment and really interesting, more on that in the future, but for now, this is about how, well, it's a simple one. Have you ever wondered what is the longest 7-iron that is out there right now? I know that I have and that's why I'm doing the video, because don't forget, everybody is looking for the same thing from their golf clubs and some people do need a better help and the stronger lofted irons have given them that help, that bit of extra yardage and extra distance. What we're going to find out today is, is it all about loft, so is the strongest lofted going to be the one that goes the furthest, or is it going to be a combination of a number of factors that get that ball out there and end up being the longest? There's only one way to find out.  We'll soon find out. Right, so as I said in the intro, let's not forget, this is all a bit of fun, but I'm certainly interested to find out what this is and in theory, the strongest lofted club is going to be the longest if everything is based on loft, equates to distance. But will that be the case? We've got six irons that we're going to be looking at and let's put these in some kind of order. The strongest lofted is the Titlist T400, incredibly at 26 degrees. We've then got the Maverick iron, 27 degrees, and then you look at the Simmax, 28.5. The Big Bertha B21 on the hot melt at 29, and the G710 from Ping is 29.5 degrees, so if we put them in sort of a descending order, the weakest lofted being the G710 should be the shortest. And like I said, up there at the top end will be the Titlist T400. But that's on the assumption that everything is based on loft, equates to distance. But will it be? No, it wasn't. So comments down below about my shoes. Jimmy doesn't like them. Just coming here for two minutes just to give me a bit of abuse. What would be your opinion? What is the strongest, what is the thirdest iron out of this batch that I've got? Which reckon is going to be the furthest? No, I'm asking you. You. You first of all. You don't know. You don't know anything. No, but what do you think? Any opinions? T400 is in there? Yeah, yeah. No, no, I don't know. Yeah, I'm getting a wall outside. I'm going to hit that. I haven't got the data yet. Data's coming next. I'm waiting for the bait. Yeah. I've seen as you double booked it. One thing that has interested me a great deal is that I know we're all talking about what is the longest iron out there, but there's a bit of an interesting one that it has thrown up, putting those heads together, laid out on the floor, looking at them directly from above. There is a noticeable difference in profile, and you've got the likes of the Maverick, which is fairly thick and as is the B21. But then it certainly slims down towards that the Ping G710 was thinner than what I expected it to be in terms of its profile. And as we already know, so is that GPX921 hot metal, which is the club I'm using right now. So even though you might want a bit of distance in your irons, you still now can get it in terms of that power spec loft, but in a smaller, more compact profile and certainly what I'd have expected to see it address. Right, I'm going to kick things off and start collecting data with the Maverick. One of the chunkier irons are going to make me way down to the bottom end of that G710 and also the GPX, but before we go any further, don't forget, click down below in that comments section, which one do you think is going to go the furthest. It's a great help when you get involved in the comments and don't forget, if you do like what you're watching, please consider hitting that subscription button and maybe hitting a like as well. Anyway, let's get things going. We're warmed up. That's a decent start with a Maverick. I fell with this one. We needed a good warm-up. This is all about swinging it as hard as I can, finding just how far we can get these seven irons out there.  Get your comments down below, which one is the longest. Yeah, there's one thing I will say is that where we are right now with irons of this type compared to we were maybe even just two years ago is a huge difference. People that sort of suggest that technology hasn't moved on and I'm not referring to about loft or how far a ball goes or all those different things. It's just about just a feel for one thing straight away. We've got five irons here that they perform so well across the board. And like I said, you would have picked up these type of clubs maybe a year or two ago and there were sacrifices that you had to make. The only sacrifice I can see and make from going to these, whether you like the loft thing or not, that's a different story. But the only sacrifice is really the profile of the club. Everything else is very much positive on how these things perform. Yes, they help with distance, but they also help with the way the ball launches. And even so much as how this ball is spinning in terms of control is also a noticeable difference. Right, so a video that started off as quite a bit of fun. Yes, it was. Finding the longest seven iron is in many ways neither in or there, but it was an interesting thing to do. And while I learn a lot along the way, as I always do with this testing, I always say drive all data is kind of can be a little bit tedious, but the end of the day, it tells a tale. And it certainly did in its longest seven iron test. If you want to know what the longest seven iron was on the test, it was. And I'm going to read from the screen. It was the Maverick and it was a Maverick. And the longest I recorded was 182.6 yards. Carry 5000 touching on spin. It was only 81.9 clubbed speed and that's relative in a minute. One 26 ball speed launch at 13.5, descent angle up 42.3. There was another ball in there as well that you've seen on screen, which is not too dissimilar, but with a slightly better land angle. Now, and I say slightly better on why this has become an interesting test rather than just about what was the longest. First of all, it once again dispelled this idea that the longest, the strongest lost would be the longest. The T400 didn't perform as you would have expected it to. And what I want to do is rather than go through each individual set of numbers, I'm going to put them right at the very end. And for those of you are interested in data, then it is worthwhile read and analyze them. But obviously this video would literally go on forever if I went through every piece of data. But what you will see is this. Yes, like I said, the strongest lofted didn't necessarily produce the longest carry. But what they all did extremely well and the fascinating bit for me was that overall performance was really good from all these clubs. As I said again in the video, people need different things. Some people need a help with distance, with ball speed, with launch angle. These clubs did, everyone did exactly that. But they all did it with great spin number, good launch angle, good descent angle, and all those things are very much relevant. And peak height again, I mean, some of these things were coming down out the clouds. So they very much performed like, both like characteristics of what I would see from a 7-iron, albeit that longer carry distance. But like I said, for a lot of people that will be a help. But the other interesting thing was again, just on that looks factor, they've improved so much this kind of club. You'd have maybe, you know, you were looking at the real sort of chunky irons to get this kind of performance out of what is classed as I suppose a super game improvement iron. But everything's been, you know, there's a more streamlined approach in that G710, which again, that thinner top line, there's something in there for everybody. And I think again, the lesson learned is this. Don't dismiss clubs because of loft. Don't dismiss clubs because of a category that they've put into. Sometimes by the manufacturer as well, I think it's a, you know, a fatal mistake on their part. Lots of us would benefit from these type of irons where there's loads of help, but we're not giving up lots in terms of the performance. Yes, there's drop offs, the spin num is not as good as what you would get in a 34 degree seven iron. Obviously it's not, but those launch angles are still good.  Would you benefit more from the extra help in distance, from the extra help in launch than your perhaps would in that little bit of a drop off in a spin number? There the questions I'd be asking myself when I was choosing my set of irons that were relative to me. But anyway, that's it. Like I said, in the main, a bit of fun just to find out what the longest seven iron was out there, but wait till the end, look through that data, and you'll see there was a fair bit more learned through this test along the way. Right, as I ever say, and I should say it a bit earlier on in the video, and I don't actually always say it, is if you like what you're seeing in terms of this channel length, please consider it in that subscribe button. Also, if you like what you're seeing in this video, hit the like. If it is that you don't like it, then I would just leave well alone, never come back to this channel ever again. I don't blame you. Anyway, for those of you who do, thanks for watching and I'll see you all soon.


Hi guys, welcome back to this channel. If you new here, please consider subscribing. Don't forget to click on the bell icon, your worries be the first to know when I upload a new video. For the returning subscribers, thank you so much for subscribing to this channel. And if you new to this channel, consider subscribing for the latest opportunities, for the latest information that is going to benefit us all. In today's video, I bring us something that is very new for those that already thought of being delivery people or being delivery boys at one moment of time, which is a very good opportunity for us right now. There's a new company that's called Medina Delivery and it has a very good opportunity, especially for people who are inside Qatar or still in residence in Qatar. It doesn't matter if your ID is expired or if your Qatar is on, Qatar ID is on, but this is a very great opportunity for people who want to do the delivery job or delivery work in Qatar. It's a very good opportunity to remember. When we talk about delivery salaries, actually one of the good salaries here in Qatar is amount to delivery people because you really determine how much is supposed to earn at a given period. Depending on how many deliveries you make in a given day, at the end of it all it is what will give you the amount of salary you get which is quite a very good salary. With all its other benefits that we are going to say. In today's video, there is a new delivery company that's Medina and I share it with a friend and say they need delivery boys and these are some of the requirements that you need to know that nationality, any nationality and you must be available in Doham. You must have NOC from the company and you should know how to ride a bike. For the license, the company will work for you, will work out and you get a license. You must have a valid or unexpired QID because if you have a valid unexpired QID and you are living inside Qatar, it's quite very easy to change. Remember, when we talk about NOC from the company, there are many ways you can take NOC from the company and right now you are learning to have NOC. But if you can resign from the company and your company can sign up a resignation letter out for you to clear you up, it can still work you as your NOC to get another job. Remember, when we talk about the facilities or what you are going to get and I'll say this job is one, the bike is from the company, you'll get a sim card and a data pack that you'll be using. Then also Petro is going to be from the company, the company will give you accommodation. Then also the health insurance. When we are talking about the health insurance from the company, we are looking at the medical, we are looking at the Qatar ID that you'll have to get at one moment of time. Remember, when we talk about the salary, the salary ranges from 3,000 to 5,000 and I told you for delivery, it will normally depend on how much you get to deliver or you deliver in a particular day is how much you get additive. For those that are interested in this job, you can call on one of the WhatsApp number which is plus 974-3052-666 or you can call on 300-76502 for more information. For those that are interested in delivery, I think this is a very good opportunity. Thank you so much guys for coming back to this channel. If you are new here, consider subscribing. Don't forget to press the notification bell. You will always be the first to know when I upload a new video. It makes from the next creation. Thank you so much. See you again in the next video. Thank you so much for watching videos to this channel.


Hi, I am here at the Edwardian Ball with Catherine Bevkar of Leelinda Dye. And she makes these incredible light-up necklaces and headpieces and buses and all kinds of food stuff. So I still want to just kind of ask you about your mission here and what you're doing. I love light in clothing. I want to wear lights. I want to always have illumination. I love LED lights in clothing and I love them being able to make it. And I actually have a lot of Edwardian products in my line. I use the Circuit Playground Express to make the necklaces here. I had a lot of the single color LED style of make-up pieces. So I really appreciate the community was in that Edwardian support because there's tutorials and forums and tutorials and tutorials and more tutorials. And then it allows me to take a couple of my dreams and actually make them into things that I can come myself. It's great. That is so fantastic. And I'm just delighted. Can we all pose up for the next class? Yeah. Oh my gosh. Now I'm just delighted with some so that's different modes. I was able to set the Circuit Playground Express to do different flickery modes. This is fire mode. We got lightning. We got water mode. And then I've got a few different colors. White, you know, because I use different natural stones. This one is elaborate. And so I really like being able to have different colors to fit the vibe and different outfits that people are going to wear and then tend to school. Where can people find out more about you? So my website is Glee-Moon-Design.com. I'm also on Facebook and Instagram is Glee-Moon-Catherine-the-K. Yeah. And then so feel it the first we got it to be connected. All right. Thanks so much.


How do I explain this? Y'all, I know you saw the title of this video and y'all are probably super confused, but I've been hiding something from you all as well. This showed up at my front door today and it is a non-used pregnancy test because no, I did not get another woman pregnant. But that's not what Mariah's gonna think. Today I'm gonna be wrapping this pregnancy test up with a note from another woman that says something like, you have a one year old child, I've been holding back from telling you this, but it's time that you start paying child support and it's time for you to become a dad and help our kid out. Something along those lines. Okay, I'm gonna write it a little better. But it's gonna be a note addressed to me with a positive pregnancy test in it. And the best part is I'm not gonna be the one to answer the door. So y'all, I'm gonna wrap this with a note up, like I said, and I'm gonna put it on the front door. Mariah's in the bathroom right now, she's taking a shower so I have to make this super quick, but I'm gonna basically go and ring the doorbell and whenever we get packages, like Mariah's usually the first one to go get them.  And second of all, because she's always the one ordering stuff, so I'm gonna wait for her to get out the shower, ring the doorbell, and then whenever she goes to pick up the package, I'm gonna have her open it. It's gonna be in Christmas wrapping.  I don't know if y'all ever seen that, but you could basically fake a positive pregnancy test and we're gonna get this girl's reaction and we're gonna see if she really believes that I have another kid with another woman and we're gonna see how she reacts to that, which most women, especially ones that they've been dating for seven years, probably wouldn't react that good. So if y'all never seen it inside of a pregnancy test, this is literally it. This is literally all it looks like. It's a blue line right here. This is what you pee on. Pee goes in here and this, I'm pretty sure is like a moisture thing. I don't know exactly what this thing does, but I'm basically gonna peel this paper back. This is what shows the positive sign on the pregnancy. Oh wait, there's a line right there. Oh wait, I have an idea. Oh, I have an idea. So I basically need to make it look like a plus sign. So here's what the line looks like, but I need to make it look like a plus so it really looks pregnant. Got a blue marker. I know it's gonna be dark blue, but I'm gonna make the whole plus look the same. All right, so this is what the plus looks like, but you put it behind a piece of paper. So I'm hoping that it like makes it look not as fake. Let me just test this out real quick. All right, attempt number two, because I kind of messed up. I think this marker was a little too much. Yo, legit, this does not look like a drawing. Dude, this looks like a pregnancy test. All right, I'm gonna put this back together. We're gonna see what it finally looks like. I'm not even messing with y'all right now. The color marker that I found literally matches the color of this pregnancy test. So when I drew on it, look at how legit this looks. Look at how legit this looks. Oh my God. Yo, she about to freak out. Dear Billy, I'm here to tell you it's been too long. Me and your baby have been struggling to pay our bills. You have a one-year-old girl.  This is not a joke. I've been waiting for months to tell you, but you are the father. Come live with me and the baby and let's make this our family. Love yours truly. This is what I wrote for the note. I'm gonna stick it in this box. Now, look at that, look at this box. This is like a legit gift box, right? So I think what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna fold it up and put it maybe like that for the test right here and wrap this up as a Christmas gift, put it outside and see how she reacts. Oh my God. This literally, this might be the end of our channel. Like this prank might just be a little too much. But you know what? I know at the end of the day, Mariah's gonna think it's funny, but I honestly can't wait to see her reaction. So without further ado, let's get this outside. I'm trying to clean the house a little bit. It's a mess, huh? Do you need to get in the shower? Yeah, I've been in the shower. I already took out the garbage, but we need to leave. We need to go get my soup. They finished it. They texted us. What are you doing? You said there was a package out here for me? Oh shoot, yeah, I forgot. Someone just dropped it on the laptop. I think it was by that, so there's something. What'd you order now? I think it was that. What if someone wrapped this in... What is that? I'll open it and it'll be a Christmas gift and I'll have to open it up. What if this is a package or whatever it could be? I don't know. Did you order something? No! I'll open it up. See what I mean? I'm scared. I'm sure it'll be fine, babe. Nobody sends gifts right. Yes, they... That came from that some girl who just dropped it off from like DHL. She was in some like minivan. Should I just open it? Huh? Should I just open it? Sure. Okay. Are you sure? You don't think it's part family? I'm gonna go put it onto the tree. So what if this is like a gift for us, for Christmas? Okay, but if someone sent it to us, nobody has hit us up. All right, do you want me to open it? Open it! See what it is. I'm curious now. Do you want to open it together? Just open! Why are you acting such a problem opening it? Oh my God, it's a baby, it's in a nice box. Probably just some gift from a family member. It's probably someone's like Christmas cards or something. Even though it's a big box. It's too long. Me and your baby have been stroking a pair of bills. You have a one-year-old girl.  This is not a joke. I've made her want to tell you that you are the father. Come live with me and the baby and let her focus on you and her truly. That's not, this is a prank. It's not a prank, it has a big impact. It's a prank. All right, this is not real. Clinton! Baby, this is not real, I promise. This is not real. This is garbage. Okay, it's not real. Okay, it's a prank. Don't get all worked up, okay? This is not a prank, Bill. Who are you texting? Nobody, nobody. That's not real. This is just a prank. This is directed towards you and my daughter. That's not even a prank. I don't. I didn't cheat on you. Clearly you did know a one-year-old daughter. Stop what this is. I don't even know who it is. Does it say name on it? No, love yours truly. You really know who it is. It's a joke, it's a prank. You know who this is. It's a joke, I don't know who did that. I don't know who that is. You know who this is. That's not a prank. That is clearly a positive. Oh my God. Bill. Is that yours? Is this yours? Is this yours? No, this isn't mine. Would I really be this sad that I was lying? No, I'm like, I'm a blackout man. I'm a blackout. What the? I didn't do anything. I didn't do anything. I didn't do anything, Mariah. Yes, pretty much happened two years ago.  Nobody. Who did you cheat on you with? Did you just think you were Las Vegas? You just, like, when did you do this? Las Vegas was, like, six months ago. Okay, but when did you f*** do this? I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. I got to make a phone call. So you did do this? No, I'm calling. You're calling the person out. No. Can you go? Baby, this is, someone's messing or you're messing with me. Bill, this is important to me first of all. No, Mariah. This is huge. This is detrimental to our relationship. Do you understand that? I got to call my dad for something real quick. Can you just- No, you can phone call here because this is something that needs to be settled right here, right now with me. I didn't do anything. No. You did do a show. I didn't do anything. You did more than what I ever could imagine you would ever do to me. Baby, why are you- We're about to start our own family here soon. We're about to get married. We're building our life together. And you cheat on me and now I did it. You don't know that I cheated on you. I can't live with a puppy, Chris. Okay, I'm sorry. Clearly you know something. You're not telling me. I'm sorry. Clearly you know something and you're not telling me. I don't know what that is, but that has to be a fake pregnancy test because I didn't get any girl pregnant. Clearly you were hiding something. I didn't get any girl pregnant.  No, I promise. I promise. I didn't get her pregnant. I didn't get any more pregnant. You won't lose me. I didn't get her pregnant.  I'm not playing this game. We're gonna handle this together. So if you do want to go about it, I'm gonna know what that will happen. Come here, I'm sorry. Okay? I'm sorry. Why? I don't know what happened right now. I understand your love language is a physical touch and you like to hug people in their homes like this, but I'm very confused and hurt. I did not get her pregnant. I'm hurt. I'm very hurt. How do you know this is real? Someone would send this to you out of a prank. Yes, how do you know this is real? You know, you trust me? Then how are you gonna say that I did that?  I don't know what to believe though, because you seem like you're being flaky right now. Walk in there or take me to call your dad.  Did you see who dropped it off? Clearly not. I was in the shower. You saw whoever came and dropped it. I didn't. It looked like some girl. So it was a girl? In a van, but I thought it was like a FedEx or a DHL girl. Bill, please explain. I would rather you just be honest with me. Oh my God. Can you be honest with me? Did you cheat on me?  I literally just remembered she had a kid in the back of her car, but I promise I didn't cheat on you. No, no, no, no, no. I couldn't have done it. She must have had it mixed up. I am not the ability that she did. Okay, so gotta mix up. You did do something with this girl. No, no, she must have had it mixed up with a different girl. I would rather you be honest with me. She must have had it mixed up with a different girl. I like honesty. I would rather you be honest with me right now. It'll save you so much less of a heartache. It will save you so much less of a heartache. Okay, okay, okay, wait, wait, wait. If this is true, wouldn't you be happy? I don't know. I wouldn't be happy. I'm a dad. I'm a dad. I have a girl. Hold on. Hold on. If it's true. Hey, can you talk? I didn't cheat on you though. Let me, clearly you did. She's one years old. Clearly you did for six years. Listen, listen, listen, listen.   You could be step mom. This would be a different situation. We could be parents together. Oh, I remember. We could be parents together. This would be a different situation if I met you and you had a kid. But you did this. No, you did this to me. But they don't relate to you. Think about the family we'd be creating. No, no, stop. Think about the family we'd be creating. With the woman you cheated on me with, I couldn't even look at the kid, right? I couldn't look at the kid or it's all I can picture that's the kid, you cheated on her.  Okay, but I- Well, you know how stressed I've been playing this day on my wedding? This is what I have to respect. When would I have time to cheat on you? When would I have time to cheat on you? I'm around you 24-7. Clearly you're- Oh my, baby, baby, this is not a big deal.  No, I didn't. You know you did something. Do you trust me? Not right now. I know. I can't look at you. Well, leave that. I can't even look at you because I can't even believe, six years, about to get married, we're about to buy our next house together. We're about to have kids to raise our kids in that house. And this is what I have to wait to see on Christmas. Babe, it was an accident. Not even on Christmas. It was an accident. Maybe this summer? It was an accident. Too much of waiting for Mark Blatting. Oh, so you're in an accident. It was an accident. You're in an accident. It was an accident. I was drunk. What? I don't even remember. You know what? No, but it was an accident. Well, hit her up. It was an accident. Nothing is an accident. She didn't even go in on her feet. I think she's crazy. I think she's crazy. No. I think there's some girl that's trying to make it seem like I have a kid, so I'm with her. Let's see. But I don't want to be with her. Thank you for being honest with me. Thank you for being honest with me. No, we're not done. We're not done. I'm kidding. It's a prank. It's a prank. I'm not. No, this is a prank. This is a fake. This is fake. It's a prank. It's not a prank. It's not a prank. We're not breaking up. We're not breaking up. It's fake. It's fake. I did this. I did this. I wrote this. It's not an actual prank. It's a prank. I threw the camera. I threw the camera. It's a prank. It's a prank. I'm kidding. Please don't be mad. It's just a joke. It's just a joke. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. No, no, no. We're not breaking up, right? I don't know.  Just kidding. No. I'm sorry. Okay. Okay. I didn't know what else to say, so I just started agreeing with it, saying it was an accident and that I was drunk. Baby, I would never cheat on you. You know that. You know that. That's why I said, do you trust me? Do you trust me? At that moment I didn't trust you. Do you trust me now? I will never cheat on you. I will never do that. No matter if I was drunk, no matter if I was loopy from surgery or something. Well, no, it just feel better, but I would never. I was literally like, I was like in shock. Like, it was like a shock.  Like, I couldn't even cry. I couldn't even feel emotion. Like, I literally felt like, I just got like, I don't even know. I don't even know how to describe it. Oh my gosh, Bill. I'm like still in mindblood. Mama's spot, please. I'm in like shock. Give this video a thumbs up right now for Mariah's reaction. She's so cute. And give it a thumbs up because one day that pregnancy test will be ours.  It's so crazy you did this video because lately I've been kind of like having really bad baby fever. And I'm like, I'm like really excited after we get married. What? We're planning on getting a house and like we can have our kids there and like, I don't know. You want to have a baby? Kind of. This is news to me. No, like next year, like later next year. Babe, I'm the one that always wanted to have a kid. I want to enjoy our marriage first. So you're saying within a year? You want a kid? Is this happening? You want a kid?  I do. But are we ready? We need to buy diapers and we need to do a nursery and we need to get a crib. I want to wait for our next house so we can just like deck it out. That's why we're in the process of buying a house right now. You ready? You ready? All right, it's getting way too deep. It's getting way too deep. We're not having a baby any time soon, Marvel Squad, but I'm sorry for putting on your feels. And you know I would never do that to you. I know this prank was kind of mean, but hashtag team Bill had to come back somehow.  Oh my gosh, sure. Marvel Squad, I hope y'all enjoyed this video. Thank y'all so much for watching and we will see you in the next one. Also, 10 days till Christmas.  Happy early Christmas, Marvel Squad. Oh my God, two months. Yo, stay up to tune. Make sure to have your post notifications on our channel so you do not miss out on any wedding content coming up because it is literally two months away and I want every single one of y'all part of our channel to be here. But thank y'all so much for watching again and we will see you in the next video. But until then. Peace, love you guys.


Number two is keep your hand relaxed and then tense your hand at the last second. So it's relaxed, relaxing, my hands pretty relaxed and at the last possible second I make a fist. Okay, so it's relaxed and in the last possible second make a fist. This is what creates the snap at the end of the punch.