All right, should I get started, is there, ah, okay, there's a tissue. I thought we were just... Yeah, let's get started for the last lecture on cosmology. So let's briefly review what we have been discussing. So the first two lectures, here's the beginning end of inflation. Ita going to minus infinity, Ita going to zero. So the first two lectures were about this diagram here, spontaneous pair production and the power spectrum of two scalar fluctuations. And then yesterday, we discussed this diagram here that comes from self-interactions to zero.  And that in slow-row inflation, this is very small. But for all single field models, this three-point function is essentially vanishing around the squeezed configuration, which one of the modes has much longer wavelength than the two other modes. So the question today is, can we use this as some sort of LHC, as a particle detector? Or at least this will be part of the lecture today. And so we're going to talk a little bit more about scalar fluctuations, but maybe for the first 15 minutes. And then for the rest of the lecture, I want to talk about tensors, because tensors are the future targets of experimental efforts. So actually the thing that people want to measure is the tensor-to-scalar ratio. The theory is essentially done, modular complication that I'll explain to you. There's some theoretical problem. If we detect tensors, how to make sense of it within an effective field theory, so I'll briefly review why. But then I want to move on to more future things. Once we measure tensors, can we measure more than just the tensor-power spectrum, or the amplitude of the tensor-power spectrum? So that's the plan. So the first thing I want to do is to consider this diagram here. So we learn information about inflaton self-couplings when we measure this type of diagram. So the question is, and the other thing that we wrote is that this by-spectrum is B of K1, K2, K3. Around the squeeze configuration, which is K3. So I had the ansatz for it yesterday. So K3, I called the, and that's what I wanted to check, K2. So the limit K3 goes to zero. I was writing it like the power spectrum of the long modes, the power spectrum of the short modes, and then some series, AN and zero to infinity, K3 over K1. And A0 and A1 give me no information. So I'm just remeasuring features of the power spectrum. They are determined by the power spectrum. So A2 is new info. A2, A3, and so on. Starting from maybe Aj. All right, so there is an assumption that there is a nice Taylor expansion in this ratio, K3 over K1. And yeah, some sort of analyticity assumption. I'll show you today that this breaks down if there are other fields around. So the slogan is cosmological collider physics. So you want to use inflation as a particle detector. So let's consider the following situation. So we have some extra field sigma of mass M and spin S. And then this extra field couples to the inflationary fluctuations. And then these inflationary fluctuations decay. And I'm still measuring the bi-spectrum. So there's K1, K2. So I have a bi-spectrum. And the question is, what does the bi-spectrum look like if this is happening, if there is a particle of mass M and spin S mediating the generation of this bi-spectrum? So one thing, recall that in the sitter space, so let's contrast. I said this in the previous lectures, but let's remind ourselves. So in flat space, the representation theory breaks down into massless and massive representations. In particular, so there's no intrinsic mass scale. So it doesn't make sense to talk about heavy or light particles. They're either massless or massive. And in terms of the number of degrees of freedom, massless particles have two degrees of freedom. Massive particles have two S plus one degrees of freedom. In the sitter, something different happens. So now we have the Hubble scale. So there is a notion of light. There's a notion of heavy. And there, let me call them massless with a quote. There are degrees of freedom that somehow don't have a simple flat space interpretation. Their masses are certain multiples of the Hubble scale in such a way that they actually carry a number of degrees of freedom, which is in between two S plus one and two. So these guys here will carry two S plus one degrees of freedom. But then there are certain values of mass for which I, instead of jumping from two S plus one to two, I actually go down by steps. So this is a little bit weird. And this is called these fields that satisfy this relation. They are called members of the discrete series of the representation of the sitter group. And they're also referred to as partially massless particles. So there are chasmiers of the sitter group. So there are two chasmiers, and you associate one of them. So there will be linear combinations of the mass parameter in the Lagrangian and the spin parameter in the Lagrangian. So I'm just calling it by association with the mass parameter in the Lagrangian. But there are again two chasmiers. So we associate with them mass and spin. Yeah, there's some partial gauge symmetry that protects their mass. Let me define them, and I'll explain how they are. So we did this for massless, for spin zero, sorry, in lecture one. Here M. There are two special values, zero and square root. The spin zero case is a little bit weird. So these are special values of the mass. So let me use three different colors. So these I would call members of the discrete series. Then for scalars, of course, all fields have the same number of degrees of freedom. But as you see, the mode functions have special behavior for the members of the discrete series. So then there's a range here, up to 3 halves h, which is called the complementary series. And then once the mass is bigger than this factor of h here, so factor of order one times h, this is called the principal series. These are heavy fields. So let me illustrate this weird phenomenon here for spin two, where this was, I think, first recognized by Higuchi in the 80s. So for spin two, there's the mass. Here's zero, the graviton. And the principal series is different color. And of course, here's forbidden. So now for spin two, there's something interesting that happens. So now at square root of two times h, there is again a member of the discrete series. And then actually the values are the same kind of an accident. It's not always the same values of 3 halves h. And the weird thing now is that this mass range is forbidden. So you can't have lights. So there is some mass gap in which the representations will not be unitary. This is forbidden. And this range here is the complementary series. And this range here is the principal. So in terms of number of degrees of freedom, so these guys here, the complementary and principal series, they have five degrees of freedom, like a massive spin two field would have. So this guy here has two degrees of freedom, like the graviton should have. But now this guy here has four. So this is called a partially massless graviton. So it's just an oddity of the Cedar representation theory. So there's some partial gauge symmetry. So of course what makes the graviton Lagrangian have only two degrees of freedom is, so for the graviton m equals to zero, there is h mu nu going to h mu nu, something like this, that reduces the number of degrees of freedom. And for m equals to root 2 times h, so there is some gauge freedom that removes only one degree of freedom, like let me call this, so there's a scalar gauge symmetry that removes one degree of freedom. So this type of Lagrangian is allowed in the Cedar representation theory. So that's what removes. So it's called partial gauge symmetry. I don't know, does that answer your question? So for all higher spin fields, you will have this type of game. So let's say it's a spin four. So heavy fields will have nine degrees of freedom, then for a certain range of, you have a forbidden bend, but in between the nine degrees of freedom and the two degrees of freedom of the massless spin four field, you have islands, just specific values of the mass for which you will interpolate. You go from nine to eight to six to four to two degrees of freedom. So these are called partially massless fields. They were studied extensively by Stanley Dazer and Andrew Waldron. So it's very interesting. So let me just write the formula for higher spins. Spin three, four, et cetera. So if M squared is bigger than or equal than S minus half squared H squared, I should probably use color principle. Series then S, S minus one H squared less than M squared less than S minus a half squared squared. Then it's the complementary series. And then the members of the discrete series satisfy M squared equals S times S minus one minus T T plus one times H squared. So these are the members of the discrete series. So T is an extra label of the representation and this is called the depth. It ranges, as you can see from this formula, it ranges from zero to S minus one. So it only starts being interesting. It only starts having different depths at spin greater than or equal to two. So let me show you how the mode functions behave and that will essentially answer this question. So the point is that around the squeeze limits I'm going to be probing the mode function of this extra field floating around. To understand how the mode function behaves I'm more or less done. So if you're ADS CFT minded, the behavior of the mode functions have to do with the conformal dimension of the fields. And if you recall, so let's do a box here. So in ADS, this formula gives me the dimension of the representations, right? So delta will satisfy as unitary bounds. So bulk unitary and boundary unitary are identified. In DS, recall the analytic continuation that I described in the first lecture that takes you from ADS to DS. You take RADS to I times one over H. So this will flip sine. Delta, delta minus three is minus M squared. I'm doing this just for the scalars. There's some formula for fields of spin. But now unitary ES gives a non-unitary CFT. In particular, the weights can be complex valued. It's not easy to, it's not hard to convince yourself that if this is a very heavy field of mass much bigger than Hubble, then delta will just be proportional to I times M over H. And the mode functions at late times they essentially decay as eta to the delta. So the mode functions at late times. There's some coefficient here, but you just sum over the conformal dimensions eta to the delta C to the delta, just like in ADS CFT. So let me just make a plot. Yeah, so in ADS CFT you control one of the powers and the other is a response. Here I just set up the initial states at early times and then at late times both modes are present. One will usually decay and the other will survive, but there are examples, for example heavy fields. Both modes decay at the same rates, but they oscillate. So both modes are present. So let me call this phi and eta. So I'm going from minus infinity to zero. So for, so there's some horizon crossing moment. Recall that this is when K eta is order one. And then after that, let me be consistent with the color. So members of the discrete series will just have, in particular the massless field will keep the amplitude constant. That's why the power spectrum survives at late times. Then members of the complementary series, they decay, but they have tails. So they just decay smoothly. So members of the complementary series will decay like this. And from this formula here, you'll see that there will be oscillations for members of the principle series. So for members of the principle series, this is a bad drawing. So there will be some decay, but moreover, there will be oscillations. Moreover, another thing I must say about these heavy fields, remember that in the first lecture, just a second, I'll take your question. So heavy fields, they have a nice particle interpretation. You can think of them as being created by a thermal box in the decider temperature. So there will be a Boltzmann factor. So not only they are decaying and oscillating, but also the amplitude of the mode for a given value of mass will decay like e to the minus pi m over h. So when you square this, you'll give you e to the minus m over the temperature of the decider. So this is like e to the minus m over Tds over 2. Question? So all massless particles of higher spin are members of the discrete series. Not that I'm aware of, yeah. It relies on Lorentz invariance. So I would say that a Vasiliev theory, in particular, is a counter-example, because it's an interacting theory of massless higher spin fields. It evades Weinberg with him. In a contrived, it's a very rigid theory. It's not clear that it's easily deformable, or we don't know of many examples, but yeah, I think that when there is cosmological constant, you can have interacting theories of higher spin fields, massless higher spin fields. Okay, so this factor of exponential damping is important because, of course, if the mass is very big compared to the Hubble scale, then this amplitude dies off really fast, right? So you don't expect this field to propagate for very long before it decays into the inflationary fluctuations. So I want to make this point just to say that we have some range of masses for which this is a good particle detector. So let me just keep this diagram here. So I would claim that the cosmological collider is efficient because if M is much less than Hubble, then the power spectrum of these fields should survive. So in particular, if there are scalar fields, we should see them around. So if it's much less than Hubble, then you need to somehow make them generate this non-Gaussianity, but not affect the constraints on other modes floating around. So we basically just see the adiabatic mode, so you need to suppress the power spectrum of these fields. So M much less than H, they do generate the type of non-local non-Gaussianity that we're seeing here, but one needs to explain why we don't observe. At least it seems natural that one should observe first the power spectrum of the sigma field. For M much bigger than H, then these guys don't propagate for a very long, they're amplitude decays fast, so you would imagine that the diagram, it's the idea of integrating it out. So the field is very heavy, we can integrate it out, we're just going to generate some analytic context vertices. So you would imagine that this is well approximated by just a context interaction. So then you won't be able to really do spectroscopy, you'll be indistinguishable the signature from this field here from the signature just of a context interaction, because it decays so fast, you don't have enough time to see this modulation. That's the point. For M or their H, then you will see something, and let me describe to you what we'll see, and then we'll move on to tensors, because I want to do some tensors, otherwise we're going to do cosmological collider physics the whole lecture. So I'll state to you the results more or less without proof, but I hope that this description of the mode functions will make the results look plausible. So we want to detect mass and spin. So the question is what feature the by-spectrum gives me the mass and the spin new field sigma. By the way, this principle can be a very powerful detector, because the scale of inflation can be as high as 10 to the 13, 14 GeV, so way above anything we can ever do with the LHC. The only problem is that the experiments just run once by the universe, so we have to work hard to actually see the collision, but in principle this can be very heavy, much heavier than anything we will ever have access to through a collider. So M or their Hubble is not really a bad problem. So for the mass, we'll break the analyticity, so we'll see non-analytic behavior around the squeeze limit. And for the spin, as we dial the angle around the squeeze limit, we'll see a Legendre polynomial. The Legendre polynomial just follows from the fact that this guy carries spin, so we need to contract its polarization tensor with the momenta of the scalar fields here, and that's where the Legendre polynomial is coming from. It's just a group theory statement. So let me write a formula, showcases this, so the limit S k, k3 going to zero of the bispectrum is proportional, and I'm hiding the proportionality constant because it's a whole different story, how we crank up and down, we have to develop an effective field theory. The naive estimate is extremely low, so you need to worry about how high the signal can be, but I just want to show you the feature. So I'm showing it for the principal series. So you consider a member of the principal series that is slightly above the bound here of order Hubble, but not much above in such a way that you just kill the whole signal. For the principal series, we'll see oscillations. k3 over k1 to the 3 halves cosine m over h plus some phase that is computable. So you will see oscillations as I dial this, so the idea is that if I were to plot the bispectrum as a function of the squeezing, k3 over k1, I would see some... So the amplitude dies off with some power, but it also oscillates, and the oscillation is controlled by the mass over Hubble ratio. So that's how we would measure the mass of the field. So this is around the squeezed configuration, so I'm taking the triangle and making it more and more squeezed. Interesting thing is that these 3 halves is non-analytic behavior and it kicks in before the first physical contribution, too. So you should see something... So if you really have single field inflation, even if the field is heavy, you should see something before you see the first analytic contribution coming from context terms. I mean, modulo the coefficient, of course. The coefficient of the quadratic term can be much bigger than the coefficient in front of the non-analytic term, but in terms of power counting, the non-analytic term has to kick in before. For these guys here, you don't have these oscillations, but the power tells you the mass, because the power is essentially controlled by the conformal dimension. In the extreme example of having another massless field around, then actually you will create an A0. Remember that A0 and A1 were essentially zero in single field inflation. So the words that people like to say is that local non-gaussianity is a signal of other light fields during inflation, because if I have another massless field in the theory and it mediates this diagram here, then I'll actually generate an A0, just because delta equals to zero. But then, as I said, you have the problem of explaining why we're not seeing the power spectrum of this other field. Finally, for the spin... No, I think it's fine. You can have this guy be 10 times or 100 times smaller than this. It's always squeezed anyway. It's just much more squeezed than here, and you pick a factor of two or something. That's right. And I forgot to put the spin information, so this will be multiplied by a Legendre polynomial. And the order of the Legendre polynomial is given by the spin in terms of cosine theta. And cosine theta is just... If I take this triangle here, and it's very squeezed, and I just take this angle and rotate it, then I will see Legendre polynomial behavior. So let's say I kind of fix the ratio more or less, and then I dial this angle here, then I will see Legendre polynomial behavior. So I'll see something like theta zero 360. So if you were like a spin two particle, then I would see something like this. So these oscillations in the angular for more or less fixed ratio, squeezing ratio, these oscillations in angle give me the spin of the particle, and the modulations as I squeeze more and more, the triangle will give me the mass of the particle. So that's how I would do spectroscopy. The problem is really the size of the signal because there is an e to the minus pi m over h here. And if you do weakly coupled calculation, there will be factors of slow roll. So it's like really, really tiny. But you can go around this, build an effective field theory like we did yesterday for the example of small speed of sound. So the factor of e to the minus pi m over h, you can never beat, but that's expected, right? Because otherwise you'd be able to probe very heavy fields and see non-analytic behavior, but we just don't expect that to be possible for this reasoning that I gave here. So questions? If this field is massless, is that the question? Then you would see k3 over k1 to the zero. So the a0 that is zero in single field inflation would be non-zero. So the non-zero a0 is a sign that there is another massless field around that sources the scalar fluctuations. No, it's another field, it's not the inflaton. It's not single field inflation. You need to have another extra field that is not the inflaton itself sourcing it. It's important that the inflaton is a part of the gravitational sector. So the a0 being zero is related to the gauge symmetry of the theory. So you need another field in the game. Okay, so now I want to do tensors because if you read the literature of the upcoming experiments in cosmology, people are pushing hard to detect tensor modes. In a sense, because it will teach you about what is the scale. At least in these vanilla models of inflation, it will really give you the ratio h over m-plunk. So we'll know if inflation happens at a very high scale or a very low scale. So that's, and also the prediction of inflation is that the tensor modes also have essentially scale, quasi-scale invariance. They have a small tilt once again, but they have a roughly speaking scale invariance power spectrum. So those are the two predictions from most inflationary models. So people want to measure tensors or at least put tighter bounds on tensors in the near future. So I'm going to switch gears and do tensors for the rest of the lecture. So tensor modes or primordial gravitational waves. So we saw in the first two lectures that the quadratic action is just that of two massless scalar fields in the sitter for each polarization mode. So each polarization is a massless scalar. And then gamma plus k, gamma minus k, s s prime will be given by h squared over m-plunk squared delta s s prime. I might be missing some factors here. Cubes. So the k-cubes is again associated with scale invariance. By the way, if you're finding it weird that scale invariance is related to k-cubes, you can start from position space, impose that the correlation function is the same for separations xx prime versus lambda x lambda x prime. Do the Fourier transform and you'll see that it needs to go like 1 over k-cubes in three dimensions. So the power spectrum, p gamma, is so using the right definition is 2 over pi squared. And I'm using a slightly different way of representing it. I think it addresses some questions that were asked in the first lecture. So in this way of representing it, the k dependence is hidden in the non-trivial k dependence. The tilt is hidden in the fact that h varies with time. Remember that we're doing inflation, not the sitter. So here I just pick a baseline wave number and I'm saying that the amplitude is measuring the Hubble parameter, this baseline wave number and then there will be some mild dependence on the power spectrum. And I'm just tripping off the factor of k-cubes to make it have no k dependence if it's purely scaling variance. And the tilt is hidden here. So the tilt is controlled by this low-row parameter, nt. So this is the tilt and the tensor to scalar ratio. So I'm just reviewing things we did in the last lectures. p gamma over p zeta is equal to 16 epsilon. So this is just the epsilon factor that appears in the scalar action compared to the tensor action. If you look at this formula here for nt and for r, then you can write this. And this is kind of a nice formula. It's called the tensor consistency relation. And it's a prediction of weakly coupled single field inflation. If we were to measure the tensor to scalar ratio, then we would have a clean prediction for the tilt for the dependence of the power spectrum on wavelength. They should be related by a factor of minus 8. The minus is related to the tilt being red. So this looks nice and we'll get back to this equation in a second. The interesting thing about the tensor is, of course, that the power spectrum is probing h over m-plunk. So we're really measuring the scale of inflation compared to m-plunk. And if we see them soon, then this scale of inflation is actually pretty high, but it implies a problem for effective field theory. So I just want to review the problem. She's famous. So if we see them soon, then I think h can be ordered 10 to the 14 GV or so. It goes under the name of life bound. So let's estimate how much the inflaton has to roll in order to generate this tensor to scalar ratio. First, I must say what do we mean by see them soon? So the current bound at the moment is less than 0.07 at 95% confidence level. I think this is a joint constraint from the Bicep Experiment and Plunk. But in the near future, and unfortunately I can't quote the precise experiments, but we expect, or at least this is what experimentalists say, we expect that in the 5 to 10 year window will either be detected or bounded by, depending on who you ask, 10 to the minus 3, all the way to factor of a few times 10 to the minus 4. If we see anything here, then one might worry about the following. So r equals 16 epsilon. So I'm just writing epsilon in slow row inflation. If you look at your notes from the first lecture, sorry, h squared divided by m Plunk squared. The amount of time that elapses during inflation in units of Hubble is called the number of e-folds. This is d phi bar over dn number of e-folds squared divided by m Plunk squared. So it means that the inflaton field range during inflation, the amount that the inflaton has to roll along the potential to generate this r in a in Plunk units is to be equal at least to the integral from the e-folds probed from the C and B to the end of inflation. I'm just inverting this formula here, dn square root of r over h. So inflation has to stop and we at least see this r in the C and B. So this is an approximation, of course. And I'm going to assume that r is approximately constant during inflation, that the amount of power generated along these e-folds is not changed. This is an order of magnitude estimate. There are many ways around this, but I think it's still useful to have it in the back of your mind. So it means that, so this is order 50, 60, whatever. So delta phi over m Plunk should go like r divided by 0.01 to the 1 half. Efficient. So this is called the life bound. It means that if we detect tensors in the near future, so we are at 0.07 right now. So if we push it down to like even 10 to the minus 3, 10 to the minus 4, because this is a slowly growing function, the inflatum field range is order Plunk. And that's a problem, of course, because if the inflatum potential, if the higher order terms are suppressed by the Plunk scale, you need to have control over these higher order corrections. So this is a problem for an effective field theory and I guess an opportunity for string theories because if this is true, then it means that it's really sensitive to the UV completion. So you need to understand the UV completion to some extent in order to be sure that your model is under control and is really generating the amount of tensors that we see in the universe. So when Bicep claims that it detected tensors, then there was a flurry of activity in string theory because this problem reappeared. And there's still, even though it turns out that Bicep announcement is consistent with dust, polarization from dust, people are still working in this problem in string theory. The question is if you inflate with some string, some effective field coming from string construction, say an axion and so on, it's possible to have a controlled UV completion for which the inflaton has excursion of order M Plunk. That's the tricky question and the claim is that while there are conjectures, so-called weak gravity conjecture and swampland conjectures and so on, that if you apply these conjectures to the models that generate inflation, they tend to show that delta phi over M Plunk is always less than one. So it would be some sort of prediction of string theory that we shouldn't see tensors. It's a bit of a depressing prediction, but yeah. I think the models that have everything under reasonable amount of control, they predicts much lower tensor to scalar ratio. So the claim is that we won't see them in the near future. So do I have five minutes? Yeah, because we are measuring the tensor to scalar ratio for the part of inflation, the modes that are generated that now affects the CMB, but we need inflation to end, and as long as inflation is still running, tensor modes are being created and then we're just approximating that the same amount of power is being generated for each extra E-fold. You can change. Yeah, there are ways around this, but it's just a rule of thumb, just an order of magnitude estimates. Now, I really want to tell you something about this formula, r equals minus 8 and t, because if you're at, from the point of view of the SCFT, it smells kind of tantalizing. Actually, I'll give you an explanation and then I'll tell you that it's wrong. So if you look at this, I need to write down the formula for, so if you recall from yesterday's lecture, so the power spectrum of the scalars is like 1 over 2 times real. The stress tensor, two-point function, but the trace, i, i, j, j, and the gamma-gamma two-point function, traceless transverse. So if we are in a pure SCFT, let's say the SCFT exists. So if I'm in an actual conformal field theory, then this thing is non-zero. I have gravitational waves, but it doesn't make sense to talk about scalar fluctuations. I need to have some breaking of conformal symmetry. I need to introduce this clock field in order to generate scalar fluctuations. So it means that the amplitude of scalar fluctuations is controlled by the trace of the stress tensor, which we know is zero in a conformal field theory. So a way to move away from the conformal fix point is to slightly deform the conformal field theory. So let's say we do conformal perturbation theory. So we start from a fix point and add to the Lagrangian a slightly relevant operator. And then we see how it corrects both this guy and this guy. So if you look at this formula here, r is controlled by the generation of a trace. So once I have a trace, then I'll have no zero r. Agree? Because then I'll have a non-zero scalar power spectrum and I can take this ratio. So I have generated r, the moment that I generate a trace two point function. But also because I deformed the CFT, then I expect the gravitons to acquire some anomalous dimension. So in a conformal field theory, Tt in three dimensions is just gonna go like k cubed. So it's gonna be precisely scaling variance. So I'm gonna induce some small anomalous dimension and then you stare at this and you say, okay, if I do conformal perturbation theory, I'll generate both r and then T. And then it would be beautiful if I do it for generic perturbation that I always get the factor of minus eight. But this doesn't work. I was like, okay, this has to work, but it doesn't. What happens is that to leading order in conformal perturbation theory, you actually generate the tilt first and you don't generate the trace two point function. To generate the trace two point function, you have to go to second order in conformal perturbation theory. But to leading order in conformal perturbation theory, you do generate the tilt. So if this formula is not true, then it means that inflation must be in some sense stringy in a way that I'll be happy to tell you offline because I'm over time. But from the point of view of the DCFT, it's a pretty neat thing because it implies that there are some higher derivative terms that in principle could be relevant and affect the tilt. So let me step back and repeat the claim. If we see, first we have to measure R, but then we're both and let's measure NT. And let's say that R and NT are not related by a factor of minus eight. It's very different. Let's say it's like minus four, minus three. Or even a crazy case in which this flip sign is called the blue tilt. So if this happens, it means that inflation, actually the derivative expansion is breaking down for the gravitational sector. And one really needs to use something like the DCFT to make sense of inflation. And we're really probing higher derivative operators. But there's a very clean and nice way of understanding this from the DCFT. So now I'm just advertising the results. So this formula, in a sense, can probe whether inflation in the gravitational sector was weakly or strongly coupled. That's the claim. If it was strongly coupled, then I claim that this formula can be completely changed. If it was weakly coupled, then this formula should be correct and we should see the factor of minus eight. So once again, it's like a probe of the high energy completion of inflation. So the reason why tensor modes are exciting is really because they're very UV sensitive. So it's a nice opportunity to test the playgrounds of ideas from string theory. So with that, sorry I went over time, but let me stop and thank you for your attention.


There's a reason why Xtrades is currently the fastest growing application on the market for sharing financial ideas. With over $2.5 million paid in the last two years to contributors, users are flocking to see what trades the top traders on the leaderboard are sharing in real time. If you're looking to grow your reputation as a trader on the internet or discuss your trading ideas with other reputable investors, click the link below and get connected with a trading mentor today, completely free of charge. All right, what's up guys? This is Alex from Xtrades back to you with another weekly trade ideas list. Hope everybody had a wonderful trading week last week. We actually had a really good list last week. I recommend you go tune into the last video, get some educational value out of it because all the technical setups we had for calls, all four of them played out and worked out very well. So hopefully this week we'll have just as good of a week. Usually I start these videos out with the economic calendar and some economic data, but this week we really don't have any big data sets. We do have retail sales and then a lot of Fed speakers. We basically have Fed speakers every day of the week. So I won't be doing the economic calendar this week. Just due to time purposes, I have a wedding to go to tomorrow. And as well, there's really not anything important. Just know there's Fed speakers every day this week and we do have retail sales as well. So before we get into the setups, let's go over the seasonality real quick. We're pretty much expecting upside in terms of the dates we had last week historically, and we did exactly that this week from the 16th to the 20th. We do average a 0.43% return, which is pretty good. Not seeing any dips historically here. If we go to the last 15 years, we average a 0.44% return. So it's positive there as well. And then the last 10 years, looks like we average a plus 0.3% return. So not bad at all. Looks like this week could be pretty good just based off seasonality. Obviously macro risks and, you know, the war in the Middle East going on right now, all that. That does not get baked into seasonality, because it's just something you can't predict. Some seasonality can't predict either. So I just see how that goes. A lot of tensions overseas, lots of crazy market movement. But we did have a very good week. Actually had a green day every single day this week, except for Friday. And I took a couple of losses on day trades, trying to buy the dip, just sticking to the strategy, sticking to the trend. And we did pretty heavy and lots of whips on Friday. So unfortunately, I broke my winning streak on Friday, but that's okay. That's trading. Hopefully we'll have a good one next week. So for our first one, we're looking at McDonald's here. It's pretty simple. We do have 245.73 here. This is major support. Looks like it's trying to make some sort of double bottom. Obviously a double bottom won't be confirmed until you get over the resistance. It'll be at 253. And then once it gets over that, if it makes a base off that, it can go higher and that'd be a confirmed double bottom. So it gets confirmed at the breakout. But either way, still holding support good. I feel like this could be a nice little speculative setup up to the resistance at least. Once it gets up there, you can determine where it goes next. If it starts rejecting, you may want to take profit. Be careful. If it starts getting over, start looking for that bigger move to the upside over 253, that'll confirm a double bottom.  So McDonald's has just been getting slammed. Obviously it's really been in a pretty gnarly downtrend. This little article here showing that we actually had a 17% dip total. I'm not sure if they're talking about from all time highs or from 52 week highs or what, but that's a pretty big dip. That's a pretty big downtrend. 17%, especially for a value stock like McDonald's, which really usually doesn't have that big of a volatility, and it really doesn't move that much to begin with. So this is actually pretty much at a discount, I would say on the short term for talking price to earnings ratios and all that. I'm not sure what the price to earnings ratio is on McDonald's, but they do pay a dividend. So it's a good long-term hold pretty much. It's a good long-term hold and it always has been, but we're looking at options on this. So MCD looking at calls, as long as it doesn't break under 245.73, which is that pretty much that double bottom support and your full risk off level, as long as it doesn't get under that. This is a pretty good setup to start going up, have a dead cap bounce, obviously slow stochastic starting to cross down. So I'd like to see that cross back up, but that could be lacking as well. As long as we're holding support, this looks pretty good for more upside. So McDonald's looking at calls, just to make sure you keep your risk off under 245.73, maybe just 245 flat. All right. Next, we're going into CVX. This is a oil play energy. It's actually one of the biggest holdings in the XLE ETF. So if you trade XLE, Exxon and CVX are the two biggest holdings. They have the most weighting. So with the more in the Middle East intention starting to rise, obviously CVX and Exxon and XLE, any oil play right now is pretty much in somewhat of a bull market lately. Dips are getting bought, crude oil futures are blasting off, and there's just a lot of volatility in the energy markets right now. So I really wanted to get a piece of this move, hopefully because I haven't traded energy much lately at all. And CVX looks really good here. So you got to test one, you got to test two, you got to test three bounce, and this is a test four bounce. So this uptrend line looks pretty good. I would say it'll probably get up to this little downtrend line and it'll need to break out of that. But if it can get up to that and break out, this would be a nice little wedge setup and it could try to break higher. Obviously, this setup would go invalid if it starts breaking under the uptrend line, which is your lower line right here, which has four tests. So it starts breaking under that and 160 may want to be careful with that, but this does look like it's getting pretty tight and it could get up to this little downtrend line at least. It really need to break out of that for more upside. So this is kind of tight right here. So maybe wise to wait for it to break out to the upside, you can even right click, hit add alert. We can call it break out, hit create, and then that'll be there for the future. So once it breaks out of that, we'll have a nice energy play and it'll be able to break out to the upside. So CVX is mostly aiming to play calls on this, but obviously it really needs to break out of that. And then we can look for upside right now. It might need to form this wedge, but it would be really nice to get some energy exposure here, especially with all the tensions going on. And I really haven't caught any of the move in the energy sector. So that would be pretty nice CVX looking at calls, be patient, set that alert at the downtrend line, wait for the breakout. If you want to be more patient and have more confirmation, waiting for that breakout is the way to go. All right. And last but not least for individual tickers, we're looking at draft kings here. So you can see it's a really nice wedge. You got a test one, test two, test three, coming down for test four. You also have a test one, test two, test three for the downtrend line. So this is a classic wedge. It's a symmetrical wedge is not confirmed. A wedge is not confirmed until it breaks out, obviously. So you don't know if this is a bearish symmetrical wedge because it doesn't broken down to the downside and you don't know if it's a bullish symmetrical wedge because it hasn't broken out to the upside. But that's not what we're playing. We're not playing the breakout on this at the moment since it's coming back down to the uptrend line. You can see I drew this arrow here. I may be looking for a bounce and we can see that move back up to the downtrend line and try to fill up this little salad bounce. Obviously, if it starts breaking under that, you can switch and go to puts, start leaning a little bit more bearish because it breaks under that. That's going to confirm a bearish symmetrical wedge. But I hope you understand that the fact that it's at the uptrend line right now and it can hold up. That's why we're looking for a potential bounce and maybe a move back up to this. And since it's not broken down yet, we're not looking at puts yet. If it gap down under this Monday for some reason and it starts opening under this, there's a good chance I could just start flushing down. Maybe to bounce back, test the line, then go lower. Maybe you're just straight flushed down, but I just want you to understand that it's not broken down yet. That's why we're not looking at puts yet. You want to wait for that confirmation right now. It's right at the uptrend line. There's a good chance it can hold up here and it'll try to bounce and head back up to the upper downtrend line. So DKNG looking at calls mostly, but willing to switch if it breaks down this uptrend line right here and forms that symmetrical bearish wedge. As long as it breaks under that, I would be willing to flip my bias and go short. Obviously that would make your long set up invalid as well if it starts breaking under this. So this could go either way, but right now the first focus is calls just because we're not broken down yet and we're right at the uptrend line. Maybe we would need to see a little confirmation, some type of bounce at this line and a nice bullish close that had back up higher. But either way, if you take the risk right here, keep your risk off under the uptrend line, it really wouldn't be that bad if you do get stopped out and then you can switch to puts after that. So DKNG looking at both calls and puts, but right now focusing on calls just because it's still holding the uptrend line. All right, now on to the indexes this week. I'm just going to go over spy and QQQ, I'm going to do a little experiment, see if I can get this video done in less time because a lot of my videos, I do like doing, you know, the full thing where we do spy QQQ, IWM, DXY and VIX, but for time purposes and maybe see if we can get a little bit more views. I'm going to see if I cut down the time, if maybe we can just go ahead and go over spy and QQQ and leave the IWM, DXY and VIX out. So I'm sorry if you do enjoy that portion of the video where we go over the other indicators as well, but we'll still go over the spy and the QQQ and I may re-add it in future videos, but right now for time purposes, as well as just an experiment to see if we can get maybe a little bit more retention and more views on our videos. I'm going to just do the spy and QQQ for right now for time purposes. So over this week, the main level of support I'm watching is this 431-23, it's got a point right here, you got a resistance area right here. So this is kind of like a back test level and then you can see it actually bounced on this candle right here as well. We had a brief break under it with this bar right here and then reclaimed over it very choppy day on Friday and that's why I got stopped out a couple of times. It's very hard to trade this. It's just very whipsaw-y.  Another cool thing about this setup for the spy, there's a little sort of wedge forming right here, so you can see it actually poked out of that and it closed outside of it. So as long as we're staying over 431 on Monday, opening above it, or just staying over the 430s in general, I feel like we could see a nice little pop on this, maybe head back up to the 437-22, which is this double top, it would probably be a triple top once we got up there, if it can get up there. But as long as it's holding over that 431-23, which is this point right here and this point right here, also a little support right here. So you got multiple tests on this support, on this previous resistance as well. And this 431-23 probably down to 430 as well because you got a little wick low right here. You can see it's at 429-88, we'll just call it 430 flat. As long as it's staying above this zone, I feel like there's a good chance structure is still holding and it'll try to go back up, follow the seasonality trend and start blowing shorts out of the water. Because obviously we've had a really good rally. We rallied all deadbys were working pretty much every single day. So now we're starting to get into maybe a structure or a consolidation phase, some type of accumulation phase to where it's not just going to trend up all the time and it may require a little bit of choppiness before it gets that blast off move to the upside. But this little wedge looks pretty good. As long as we're staying over 431-23, spy looks really good to go up. Maybe it can go lower if it starts breaking under 430, but that's not really the focus for me right now. It's still holding structure. Everything looks, you know, pretty decent. There really wasn't that heavy of a sell off. The VIX did go up like 20 percent though and hit the 20s. So that could be a little concerning, but a volatility rejects at the 20s again like I did last time. It'll just repeat what it did last time. I have a sharp sell off on the VIX. Spy will go higher and then we'll need to get over 437-22 before projecting anything higher. So that's for the spy looking for more upside. I showed you the seasonality pretty much matches my bias as well as as long as we're holding over these structures, everything looks gravy and we can see that move to the upside. So spy probably going to stick to looking at calls this week on it. Usually for day trading, I stick to in the money contracts, look for those high delta contracts. I trade about anything over 0.60 of a delta and it's just so much easier to manage. If you do take a loss, it's not as bad because you are in the money. The delta is not that bad and you're still relatively in the money, even if it dips. So spy looking at calls still needs to stay for 431 looking for more upside. All right. And last but not least for QQQ, we actually were looking for a move up to this supply. I thought this would look better than spy last week. So I was looking for more upside on QQQ and I wasn't as sure on spy last week because we were at supply. So I just kind of left that area alone. I didn't really make a projection on spy that last week. But last week, we did have a nice little projection on QQQ to go higher up into supply, at least 369 and we did do that plus more. And we actually ran into this downtrend line. So you got to test one, test two, test three. This is a test for rejection, which is crazy that we made it all the way up there and it rejected perfectly. We actually had some type of bond auction and that send the 30 year yields like skyrocketing like instantly. And this is when we dumped. So the yields just totally screwed us to stay. And then we had that fall through the next day as well. Because Friday we closed down over 1% on the NASDAQ. So and that was regardless of the bond yields actually were down, which is crazy because usually the narrative lately for the bonds is once the yields are, you know, lower, we usually start rallying and everything looks okay again. And we start, you know, rallying with the bonds as well. But not Friday. The yields were down. The DXY really wasn't even up that much. And regardless, we still still dumped. Spide didn't close down too bad, only half a percent, but NASDAQ, which is really sensitive to, you know, bond yields and interest rates. It actually closed down the most despite the yields closing down as well. So very interesting day on Friday. I didn't really understand it as much. And that's why I was trying to buy the dips on Friday, because the yields were down so much. And I thought, you know, be a pretty easy trade. And there's less macro risks made a little bit easier to try to buy the dips, but kept dipping didn't work. So that's unfortunate. So for this week on QQQ, need to hold 362.95 or the 363 we were talking about last week. I mentioned as long as it's staying over this, it's still bullish and it would go up into supply. Same thing this week. It might try to dip maybe a little bit lower into that. But I mean, it doesn't have to if Monday, for some reason, we gap up, it'll just open up around this area. We're still over the 363. And it might just try to head back up into supply, maybe try to head back up into the downtrend line as well. Not sure how fast they would get back up here after a drop like that. You can't really put a timeline on the market. But as long as it's holding over this 363, everything looks pretty good. If it starts breaking under that, this is a straight buy and balance candle, and it'll feel back down into the 354.71 that we've been covering. This is that structure low I've been talking about. This is the area I've been mentioning you could, you know, be looking to add a dips and worked a couple weeks ago, worked last week as well. That's the area of focus is that 363. That's the main level.  If that doesn't hold up, you can start looking for more downside. And that probably to fall through with this downtrend line rejection as well. But otherwise, just kind of stick into the seasonality, expecting this dip to get bought maybe as well as 363 hopefully will hold is the back test level and we can go back up. Same thing for spy. Hopefully we can go back up on that as well. Get that little 30 minute wedge. You got three or 431 and the 430 is holding good. So nothing too bad. Friday obviously, maybe a little bit bearish, but nothing too crazy. We really just took out the previous day lows, the weekly bar, maybe a little bit ugly. If you look at it, you get a pretty heavy top week right here. So not the prettiest candle, but hopefully we won't see too much follow through to the downside after that. Usually these last couple months on the seasonality, they're pretty straightforward. Obviously with macro risks and interest rates, we're in a pretty different environment. So anything could happen. But you can see these last months of the quarter are pretty good and pretty smooth. A lot of Wall Street bankers, a lot of money managers are trying to get that performance bonus at the end of the year. Everything look pretty gravy, their performance look good for their clients and you'll see that bid towards the end of the year. So I hope you guys enjoyed this video. It'll be a little bit shorter this week. We'll see if maybe it helped a little bit on views. Maybe it helped people stay and watch a little bit longer since it's not as long. But I hope you guys still got as much value out of my previous videos as you will with this one as well. If you want to go back and look at my last video, we go over the individual tickers, we go over everything. That's usually our usual format. But let me know if you like that better or if you like this shortened video better with less indexes and just individual tickers. And then, you know, thrust seasonality in there as well. So I love you guys. Make sure you like comment and subscribe to our extra YouTube channel. Go check out our web platform or Discord server at X Trades. If you want to go check out the web platforms, go to go to app.xtrades.net. Check us out, follow traders, follow seasoned traders, follow rookie traders, follow whoever you want, post your own ideas, get market analysis from people and socialize. It's a nice little social trading platform. So go check us out app.xtrades.net. Love you guys and I'm out.


This study compared the antibacterial efficacy of cold atmospheric plasma, CAP, photodynamic therapy, PDT, with two photosensitizers, PSS, and diode laser for disinfection of primary mandibular second molar root canals infected with enterococcus fecalis, E, fecalis. The results showed that CAP was most effective at eliminating E, fecalis, followed by PDT and diode laser. Additionally, CAP was found to be more effective than PDT and diode laser as an adjunct to mechanical root canal disinfection of primary molars for elimination of E, fecalis, and can serve as an alternative to 2.5% sodium hypochloride irrigation. This article was authored by Leili Haafi, Arosh Azizi, Mehdi Vattemper, and others.


This market's gonna go much higher. She's here Melissa Armo with the company known as the stock Squoosh great name. Good morning. Thanks. So you're wildly bullish very very bullish the Dow's at 26,000 Where's it going? Well, I think we're definitely gonna hit 27,000 We're not that far off the previous highs once we hit over the high We could we should still keep going the QQQs the spy where the SMP as people know it That's already made brand new all-time highs and if you look at Amazon today that made new highs today apple made new Highs today, so just because we're down a little bit this morning. I don't think it's a crisis overall I'm very bullish and here's why Institutional money which really moves the market in a very big way is back in and it is full-on back in We've rested almost eight months from February from the drop-off up until August until we hit over those highs So when the way price action works is it rests like took a nap and now it's ready to it's has the energy to move higher And that's how I'm looking at it You want to come back tomorrow Oh my gosh, it's too late. Yes. I know I don't think it's too late I don't think it's too late at all if you miss that run-up in 2017. Don't miss the next one So wait a second. We've got an awful lot of anxious viewers Probably they got a little money on the side and you're telling don't worry get in there That's right Intersta want to be in and the sooner the better because we're gonna push higher and here's another reason why I'm bullish in the market To besides the fact that institutions are buying it the economy looks strong on all cylinders We had that revised GDP number yesterday and in the corporations Okay, they are seeing the benefit of the tax savings and no one's really filed yet full-on for 2018 since the Since we took they took a fat so look to 2019 for this to carry through I think we started the year really strong remember go back in time January. We made new highs and everything I think we end the year just like we started it despite all that tower of tension that created the markets resting and we Gotta get over this hump with China after the NAFTA thing China's the next hurdle and that's all that I really think the markets have to worry about You don't see any dark clouds on the horizon which could really upset things The only thing I say is if there's some kind of war I always preface that say North Korea I mean that's an unknown these are unknown factors But overall the market is usually a leading Indicator for the economy if you bought the market the day after the election if you've got one share of the spy you made $76 so you made 30% So that I'm telling you the markets saw that the Trump administration policies were going to work Which was the tax cuts, you know the rollback of the Regulations and also remember all these companies like Apple they brought all this cash back into the US all the repatriation of that money They're gonna invest it and this is why people are starting to spend money. You've seen Target earnings were good Walmart earnings were good Would you like You're projecting very well But you're really all wildly bullish I don't think we've had anyone on the show Professional in the market really as bullish as this note They normally couch things in more calm Well, we think we might push a little higher. You're saying the exact opposite. We're going up. Yeah, what you agree with me, right? Oh, I don't pass judge Microsoft right now 112 dollars a share Microsoft I own some of it. Yeah. Yeah, where's it going? Well, I think that could easily say 125 You got yourself a job Season we've won more earnings season on this year and that could really sky Look at what these companies are doing in the summer summer doldrums and these companies are making new highs. Yeah, okay? Okay, I think we're done. Um You'll be back and that's a promise. Melissa. Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you Now this


Hey, this is Brett and this 2019 Nissan Ultima Platinum All-Wheel Drive is stock number 2-3-T 117A. I am here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, you're new and used car headquarters. This 2019 Nissan Ultima has the 2.5-liter dual overhead cam inline-four engine. It puts out 188 horsepower. It's paired up with the continuously variable automatic transmission. This car has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop, has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off and this car is 100% ready to go. Very nice and clean all the way around inside and out and that's exactly what I'm going to do in this video. I'm going to go all the way around inside under the hood, start it up, show you all the options and just give you the most accurate representation that I can of the vehicle. Gun metal gray metallic is the color. I shoot all my videos in 4K. If you like the video, consider subscribing to the YouTube channel. Click the bell notifications, get updates on the videos I do each and every day as well as having access to one of the largest catalogs of vehicle walk-arounds on YouTube. This one comes with the painted and polished aluminum 19-inch wheels. They are in very nice shape. It has a hand-cooked Kinnergy 23540R19 tires in the front here. I would say these tires have right around half the tread left on them. Four-wheel disc brakes on this car. This is a clean title history, clean car facts, owned in Michigan and Wisconsin. This one has the LED headlamps, LED running lights, and LED fog lamps. I'm going to turn those on at the end of the video so you can see just how bright they are because they are very bright and look really good. Front bumper is in great shape. I didn't see any major dents, dings, or cracks on there. And the hood is in really nice condition. Passenger side front fender is in great shape as well, no dents or dings on there. And the passenger side front wheel is in very nice condition as well. Gun metallic gray has got a lot of metal flake in it, a lot of fine metal flake. Really good looking color and you can see just how nice that paint is. And as you go down this side of this 2019 Nissan Ultima, just take note of how clean that body is, how reflective and mirror-like that paint is. I take these HD videos, so if you're far away or even if close by, you just cannot make the trip down. You can still see the vehicle, hear the vehicle, and have confidence in what you're looking at. Before you even get here, so when you do get here, there's absolutely no surprises, and you can make a smart and informed buying decision from wherever you're at, or just make the decision to come take a look at the car. If this video helps you do either of those things, let your salesmen know that you saw the video, that it was helpful and that Brett sent you. Back wheel is in excellent shape, it has brand new brakes in the back here. And on the back tires, we have Nexon and Ferra tires. These are 23540 ZR19s, and they have just a little bit under half the tread left on them, still okay tread on there. Coming around the back rear quarter looks really good. Rear bumper is in great shape, it does have the backup parking sensors, no major dents, dings, cracks, scuffs on that rear bumper. The trunk lid is in fantastic condition as well. It has the trunk popper, which is really nice to get into the trunk, and then it comes with an aftermarket set of all other formats. You get jack tools in here, and then your spare tire is underneath there. You can see right there, you also get an emergency roadside kit, and these seats fold down, so release that so we can check that out. Trunk lid shuts nice and solidly, you do get a little bit of a spoiler back here, and that trunk lid is in great shape. Coming around the driver's side just as clean as that passenger's side, no major dents, dings on the rear quarter or door, and for full disclosure this back wheel is in pretty nice shape as well. Down the rest's side of the vehicle, doors all look fantastic, I didn't see any major dents or dings on there. You do get the power mirrors with the built-in directional signals, this one also has the 360 cameras, which are right up in there, so we'll check those out in just a second. Back seats are in fantastic condition, no rips or tears back here. You do get the latch child safety system for any child car seats you may have. Like I said, these seats do fold down for extra storage and access to the trunk area. They go back up like so and latch into place. Factory floor mats back here, you do get a USB-C and USB jack back here as well. Side current airbags on the front seats, and the inside of the back doors look really good and you get child safety locks back here as well. Inside and bottoms of the doors all look fantastic. Take a look at the front seats.  Both these front seats are power, both of these front seats are heated. Smells very clean inside this car, I don't think it's ever been smoked in. No rips, no tears on those seats, power driver's seat with lumbar, factory floor mat in the front. You do get tilt telescopic steering wheel, auto headlamps, trip, trunk popper, and then your different steering feels, power windows locks and mirrors, and memory driver's seat. This one does have the Bose premium sound system. Hop inside, check out the miles, the radio, and everything this car has to offer on the interior. You can see this one has 81,100 miles exactly. It does have the digital speedometer on here. You also have your adaptive cruise controls and all that good stuff on there, as well as outside temperature display and time display. So that's really cool. You get the flat bottom leather wrapped heated steering wheel. No major scuffs or scrapes or excessive wear on there. You get cruise controls, adaptive cruise controls, Bluetooth controls, that's for your surround. So you can see what the sonar basically around the vehicle, and then you get your information center controls and volume controls on the left. You get the nice touchscreen radio on here. This one does have the factory navigation system. There is highway 41, so that is working nicely. You also get AM, FM, and Sirius XM radio capabilities, as well as USB, Bluetooth, and AUG's hookups and Apple CarPlay. And then you get all your different apps on here, including your connections, audio, the map, and of course your settings. Not going to go through everything, but just kind of show you how that all works. Get the nice woodgrain trim across the dash there.  Down here is a USB, USB-C, AUG's jack, and a 12-volt power point. And then here's your electronic parking brake and your auto hold. Passenger side format and seat are in fantastic condition as well. No rips, no tears, smells very clean inside this car. You do get the power sunroof on there. You get an SOS button and sunroof controls, as well as map lights, and then you get home link buttons for your garage door security systems and lane systems in the mirror, and an auto dimming mirror. Let's start it up and take a look under the hood. Starts right up. No check engine lights or anything like that. Let's turn those lights on as well. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this HD video you've been able to verify the quality condition options and of course cleanliness of this car all the way around inside out. You see all those LED lights are very bright and all working nicely. Under the hood we have the 2.5 liter dual overhead cam i4 engine. Engine bay is very clean, runs very smooth. Once again this car has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop, has a fresh oil and filter change, all the fluids have been checked and topped off. There is the emissions sticker and this car is 100% ready to go. I would highly recommend this car for make quality and condition standpoint and to see more pictures of this car or one of other 550 new and used cars, trucks, SCVs, minivans, wranglers, you name it we got to go to the website right there is summitauto.com. Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle all at summitauto.com and if you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com slash summit auto. Click the bell notifications, get updates on the videos I do each and every day as well as having access to one of the largest catalogs of vehicle and car walkarounds on youtube and state current on our inventory that comes through our detail department that I do the videos of each and every day to get the most updated inventory we have here at summit auto. In fact in a second you will see a link to subscribe to my youtube channel in the upper left a link to all the Nissan Altima videos I've ever done in the upper right a link to this vehicle on our website in the lower left and a link to one of our latest youtube videos in the lower right. Click those check us out we're super excited to help you with this ultra clean fully loaded 2019 Nissan Altima platinum edition all wheel drive and gun metallic gray thanks again for checking out the video remember to like subscribe and share on the youtube channel I really appreciate it thanks again


I'm going to read for you an actual email that was sent to me by one of the subscribers today and it says I've been in contact with other companies for quite some time now so I decided to pursue government contracts. I established my company however I'm having a difficult time trying to justify my past performance under my company and because I was an employee for another company. This is a very commonly asked question for all of you out there that are just getting started in this marketplace who've just heard about government contracts. Maybe you formed your LLC recently or in the past however you were an employee or you work for a company as a 1099er maybe you are an actual product consultant you're wondering Eric what do I put down for past performance? How do I handle that? Well so today in this video we're going to discuss what should you be putting down for past performance and or how do you get around past performance and what are some alternatives options that are available for all of you out there who want to take part in this federal marketplace at the highest level possible to maximize your total revenues your total opportunities out there what should you be doing? Watch right now. All right so the first thing is if you are getting started out here in the marketplace there is always the option to be a subcontractor. I cannot stress that enough you know when you are getting started and you don't know anyone you don't have any resources you don't have a reputation being a subcontractor is a great way to go it's a perfect avenue to get yourself inundated inside the government facility working on the government base on the government installation now you are there you're on site your people are on site and the government gets a chance to really know who you are because again if the government doesn't know who you are how can they help you? One of the things that happened to me a long time ago when I was working as a subcontractor is that the actual person doing the inspections knows who were the ones doing the work so even if some large company like St. General Dynamics gives you the project the guy who's doing the inspections the government agent that is on the site who's doing the inspections the site manager or project manager whoever that may be they're going to recognize your firm for being the ones that actually doing the performance so if you do a good job you're going to have a good name and what's going to happen is they yes they obviously they like to use the big contractors and when they're handling these huge enormous projects but when they're smaller projects that they think as within your will house within your spouse and your skill set they're going to want to offer those jobs directly to you so if they can get around working with some of the big guys and and a lot of the scenarios then they'll definitely they'll take a chance and they'll do that right away so I remember the first time that the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers one of their reps stepped up to me and said hey Eric listen I see you've got your firm I checked out your website which I didn't even know this guy knew who I was but he had already done some research he checked out my website he said look it looks like you're up and coming you need to talk to the person over here at this particular location and talk to them about some particular contract opportunities directly for your firm instead of you working for these other guys so again being a subcontractor is a great way to get your foot in the door the second way is let's look at the RFQs you know you have RFQs which are requests for quotes and an RFPs which are requests for proposals well the RFQs majority of the time they're not asking for past performance so if you focus your attention on just the RFQs then it's like a 90 probability that past performance is not going to be a factor it's going to be based on your ability to be able to perform it's going to be based on price delivery schedule time other factors but not actual past performance whereas if you're looking at request for proposals those require technical volumes which whenever you're putting together anything that involves a write-up more than likely it's going to be a best value scenario and you're going to have to look do your past performance and put that in there as well as your team members so you're probably going to lose out when you're looking at RFPs versus RFQs let's take a look at some of that example right now on the screen I've got pulled up here site security and alarm system this project over in Hawaii and I just went on FedBizops pulled up the project I pulled down the SF-18 form again SF stands for standard form 18 this is the document you actually fill out to submit they ask you to put on here your DUNS number so on this form they're asking you to put in your DUNS number and then put in your price and that's it and if we pull up the actual statement of work nowhere on here on the statement of work is it asked for past performance so I pulled down all these documents again there's a schedule there's tells you about the existing systems tells you about some holidays your wage rate gives you maps and drawings and layouts of the building but nowhere on there is asking for past performance but again we're talking about here we're looking at let's go up to the top we're looking at here it's an RFQ over here another project on FedBizops this one was a special notice and I just again I'm just searching around doing queries as we're discussing and what they're asking for on the special notice is an actual product demonstration and if you go through and scroll down it tells you the description of what they want done doing some sort of experiment detection track identification of swimmers and a port harbor and and the instructions it tells you very clearly it says okay list your company your organization description for company note if you're a small business or for an own describe your demonstration experimentation objectives and goals here's it says the capability description product maturity installation integration application if you have any classification such as secret classifications how is it set up but again nowhere in there is it talking about actual past performance so when we're looking at jobs online if you focus in on for example like dibs and fed bed which and nico and fed connect things like that you're going to see a lot of the RFQs out there so those are just price proposals versus the RFPs now I've seen some RFPs that don't require past performance so you just have to look for it and what I do is I do a quick search you know search and find I type in past performance and that's you know how I do it number four is actual bid local and state jobs we just made a video recently about doing local and state projects but to summarize on the local and state levels they are open floodgates for people that are just getting started off the ground now that's not a way that I particularly like to recommend for people because a lot of times what happens is when people start doing state and local contracts that becomes your new comfort zone and when that becomes your comfort zone it becomes very difficult to break out of that and then jump into the federal marketplace that's why you don't see a lot of companies that are state and local companies that are doing federal contracts and you don't see federal contractors doing state and local contracts so a lot of times what'll happen is that becomes your new normal and you become accustomed to just working at that very small level and you're not really preparing yourself for anything larger you just kind of get into the everyday routine of doing those types of projects so again it is an option that's available to you if you want to get started in a federal marketplace now some out of the box opportunities some out of box solutions first thing is teaming teaming is a very viable option I've got a lot of videos that I've talked about you know how do you rocket ship to success team you could team with a company that has past performance we have people in our golf con giants group that have they have the hustle they have the grit they're going they're really thinking about all the energy they're going to go out there and find the jobs pull them down knock them down and close them right and then you've got companies that have they've done some work in the past they've done some work in the private sector they've done some government products maybe years ago maybe when they had a day maybe when they had a certification the government gave them projects and now you know they're kind of they've lost their ambition and lost that desire and so they're not as they're not the ones that are going to go out there and reign in the deals so you could be the guy that goes in the or girl that goes in and wants to bring those deals in and partner with a company that's already out there that's already has some past performance on the books you can use a team member do you have anybody on your team with 1099 employee do you have a subcontract that works for you that has past performance i know that when we've put together deals so for example when we put together deals on some of our construction projects you know we didn't do electrical per se but my electrical subcontractor he did electrical work and he had a whole slew of past performance because why he works with everybody on those the installation so if you decide right if you're going off the project on your know you're working at a government facility maybe it's wise to partner with some of the existing contractors out there because why if you hire the brick mason guy that's already out there he's got tons of past performance if you decide to hire the ac guy out there he's got a ton of past performance but when you put it all together you look like a solid outfit right again what they're judging is the overall proposal so they're not judging just your company on its face yeah they want to know that you have done some work but at the same time depending upon the size scope scale project they want to know that you have a team of people a team of organizations that can actually perform and execute on those contracts number three lie please do not lie do not try and fake it till you make it on this particular scenario because what happens is this um if you lie on your past performance it's likely that if you don't have that experience it's probably highly unlikely that you can execute and perform that task and I would say this for not because I think that you're going to get in trouble with the government because they're so big that you're probably not going to get in trouble however my concern would be that you were going to get in trouble in the sense that you're not going to be able to perform you're not going to be able to execute and so you're going to get yourself and more of a a headache situation more anxiety trying to do a project that's above your ability uh that's outside of your uh comfort zone right and then you're going to not perform they may be hit with liquidated damages so there's a lot of other factors that I that I you may want to consider before actually lying on the project and then number four my all-time favorite is become a consultant I don't see what's wrong with becoming a consultant what's wrong with finding a company right like we said before find a company that's super successful in the private sector that's not doing government contracts right uh agree or work out with them to help represent them to the government marketplace so again you're going to go to this company and you're going to talk to them about bringing them in more business who doesn't want more business you're going to talk to them about bringing in opportunities now you go out and again I know it takes some humility right so you've got to humble yourself and say listen I know that I don't have the past performance to actually start working in a government marketplace but what if I decide I go and find a company a mentor someone out there who already has past performance and I help them get contracts at the end of the day you're still on the government site you're still on the government installations you're still doing the work right and for the majority of people out there the monetary benefit or the monetary value of what you gain at the end of the day that's what you're looking for right you know we're not I mean yeah you may want to build this national global international firm right Fortune 100 company but for 99 percent of the people out there I think that the bottom line is right making money making additional money building a career finding something long-term that can sustain you your family and the lifestyle that you want to create for yourself so again by being a consultant right and working for companies that's going to get you in the game get you in the door makes it a whole hell of a lot easier to represent someone that has past performance that has history that can execute on the projects right if they need you don't have to worry about the money part of it so again when you step up and you're sitting down with a government agent and you're talking and you're representing this large firm right that's behind you it's very easy to say to the government unequivocally that yes we can't perform this job yes we will execute yes we've got the financial resources yes we've got the team members so when you're putting together these technical proposals these these volumes right of documentation you can list all of your team members experiences you can put their resumes in there and then if you say hey listen John I need someone who's got experience doing this you just pull it right just pulled information he said oh yeah we've got three products we did that we've got 14 different people who have that skill set that have that certification so it makes it a whole lot easier right when you're out there right now we have for all of the gov con giants groups if you're subscribed to my email list you've probably seen it before I'm actually going to be working with five people who have consultant clients helping them take their business to the next level we're going to be doing a 20 week program we're working directly with five of you guys out there who you already want to go to consultant route you have a potential consultant client or a member who's a large firm that can perform an execute I want to take five of you guys out there right and actually execute on some contracts I want to help you get your client win your client contract in the federal arena so if you're interested in that today uh go to my website send an email in uh if you're on my subscription list you will have already seen that email it's called gov con giant certified trainer pilot program so if anyone out there is interested in that pilot program send an email and we'll make sure to put you on the list for our upcoming webinar thanks for watching today we'll see you next time


coming conference. So stick around. Amazing, my dear friends. I wanna say we hope that you're doing well. Thanks for being with us. It's always a blast to have you here. We wanna say whether you be flat earth, globe earth, banana shaped earth, you name it. We're glad that you're with us. And wanna say thanks for all of your support folks. One thing we forgot to mention before I went to the post credit scene is, hey, hit that like button if you enjoy this debate. We really do appreciate that support. It's a little thing to you when you're like, ah, James, it's not a big deal. I'm not even gonna, you know, but it means a lot to us. It really does. Here's one reason, because a lot of people are like, well, why? I mean, does it make any difference? What it means to rank on YouTube. It means that if someone typed in flat earth debate, this debate will come up higher in the rankings if it has more likes. Now, the way it works is a new video will come up pretty early in the list. And depending on how many likes it gets, it'll come up early in the list when people are searching like flat earth debate. And then, depending on how many likes it gets, it'll move down the list because there are way bigger debates that have like millions of views on like ABC news or whatever. But it'll move down the list, but nonetheless, it'll, you could say, move down the list less far. In other words, it'll have a shorter trip down the list with more likes. So we do appreciate it. It actually does make a difference. I wanna say we appreciate that. And as I mentioned, you guys who've got all sorts of cool stuff that I gotta mention in particular, we are planning a huge celebration for you guys, thank you for your support. Seriously. I can't believe that we are only about 1500 subscribers away from 100,000. I never thought, I never even thought that would ever happen with this channel. It's always just, I think a lot of you guys know I'm working on my doctorate and I'm in my fifth year. So this is my last year. That's the plan. And I'm determined to make that the case. I started this in my first year of my doctorate and I love it. It was always just a hobby. And it's still just a fun hobby because I do still plan on being a professor in some way, shape or form. But you guys have supported us so much. Like I just wanna say thank you guys so much that I never thought it would ever get to 100,000 subscribers. But now probably by like April 10th or so, we're probably gonna hit 100,000. So we wanna say, my dear friends, thank you for your support.  Are you one of those people that's like all about the numbers?  No, that's very cringe. The reason is this. We believe confidently and without hesitation that we provide a value to YouTube. In particular, the debates are the lifeblood of the channel. We give them all the credit. They make this, I should say, the debaters. We give them all the credit. They make this channel fun. But our goal in terms of modern day debate ourselves, we're a neutral channel and we are determined to provide a neutral channel so that everybody can make their case on a level playing field. That's our vision and that's what we're determined to do. This is just the beginning of our story, my dear friends. We are under 100,000 subscribers. Join us while we are small. Join us while we are still just beginning our story because it really is just the beginning as we're determined to carry out that vision and to continually live out our values. Those values are these. One, you can already guess it. We want to be fair. We wanna give everybody their fair shot in making their case. But the second thing is, we believe in the value of freedom. That people can say what they want. Our debaters were free from their first breath and we wanna keep it that way by providing a neutral platform that gives them a chance to make their case no matter how controversial. No matter how, some people would say, silly. No matter how far-fetched or controversial and triggering it might be, we wanna give them their chance to have that freedom. The other thing is this. And this value leads to our third value. Because some people say, James, if you let controversial people have their seat at the table, that's not good. That's dangerous. They might share their controversial views and that might be bad because it might influence people in their direction. That's where we would say our third value of fierce competition comes in. In particular, we don't think there's anything wrong with some people say, oh, I don't like debates. It's about trying to persuade or prove your, you know, make your case and that's bad. And we can say, we don't think that's wrong. We don't think that's bad. In fact, we think it's a good thing and the reason is if there are ideas out there that are harmful, which I don't deny, there are. The good value in a debate and in particular, a competitive debate is that you have a natural selection of ideas. In other words, if you let the cream rise to the top, the best arguments went out. You have to let 1,000 flowers bloom. You have to let the chips fall where they may. And nonetheless, when you do that, the best arguments will come out on top. And I can tell you, some people say, James, I'm not sure about that. I don't know. I can tell you, as a guy getting his doctorate in psychology, the empirical research is in favor of this idea. Cause sometimes people say, James, I'm worried. You know, this controversial person, cause what I always say is I say, well, you know, did you think that the person with the dangerous ideas like had better arguments? Did you think they won? And they go, of course they didn't have better arguments. And they say, well, then why did you think that they won? Why are you so worried they're gonna win if they don't have the better arguments?  It might be those peripheral things that make them more persuasive and win people over to their side. And I would say, hey, the research has been done and it's been around for a long time. This is a very popular theory in psychology. And when I say theory, I don't use it in the parochial sense. I use it in the scientific sense. It has mountains of evidence for it. It's the theory called the elaboration likelihood model. And it says that the best arguments, namely the most logically, you could say logical evidence-based type of arguments are more persuasive than more peripheral route types of persuasion like the attractiveness of the speaker or their sense of humor. That's what the research says. And it is mountains of research that says that. So when people say, oh, James, the funny thing is I always say, well, okay, great. Well, what's your empirical kind of evidence for making this claim that, you know, platforming these controversial people is dangerous. And they go, oh, it's just common sense. And I'm like, well, my view is just common sense too. The difference is I also have empirical research backing up my common sense. But I want to say thanks very much for your support. Appreciate it, Tim Pryor. Thank you very much for your super chat says, so the other 95% of your money you don't care about. I think that was for, I can't remember if that was for Nathan or something that came up about, yeah. So sorry, Tim, you might be watching the debate just a little bit delayed because it's the live stream. So Nathan already left by the time that question came in. But I do appreciate it. This one came in from Malavia. Says, love you, James, see you again in a month. Thanks so much, brother. I appreciate that. And I am looking forward to seeing you and I am looking forward to this conference. It's gonna be amazing. We're really excited about that. So seriously, it means a lot. Thanks for your support. And thanks for upping your channel membership. I think if you look at the scroll at the bottom of the screen, Malavia, I've included your name in the ticker box. So thank you for your support. I just added that. I think it was this morning, for real. Tim Pryor says, your misunderstanding of what Einstein said is hilarious. I think that must have been for the Flat Earth team as Tim was coming at him earlier. And sorry, Tim, that they left at this time that the super chat came in. So wanna say though, I have been sharing with you why we are excited about the future of modern day debate, why we are thrilled. And by the way, have you guys ever seen Dodgeball? Because I brought that up and I'm kind of thinking like, oh my gosh, you guys maybe haven't heard of it because it's so old. It's not that old. Come on. But wanna say, I wanna say hello to you in the old live chat before I go because I've been talking about the vision and I'm excited about the vision. And I wanna say, this is kind of weird. Okay, now the video is up to date. So in particular, my dear friends, wanna say thanks for all of your support of modern day debate. We are excited about the future. We are constantly working on improving ourselves because we'll be the first to admit we have things we can work on. That's true. We wanna be coachable. We wanna teachable. We wanna be teachable. Wanna say thank you guys for being with us. I see you there in the old live chat. Is it Sherry or Cherry? Let me know. I think it's Sherry. Sherry, let me know. We hope you're doing well. Ref Rider, good to see you there in the live chat too. Dear old Davis, glad to have you here. Tremaine Douglas, I see you there in the live chat. Glad you're with us. DJ Batman, good to see you. Thanks for being a moderator. Thanks for that point about the Discord. We do, modern day debate does have a Discord. If you have not yet checked out our Discord, highly encourage you. Please do. As we're really excited about that, we hope everybody feels welcome there as well. I have pinned the Discord link to the top of the live chat. So if you wanna check that out, you certainly can. This one from Hey You, good to see you there in the live chat. Sam Pedro, glad to have you with us. As well as David Reif, glad to have you here. And One Nation Underground, good to see you. Kevin Howe, good to see you, Kevin. Spent a while. And, amazing. Flat Sabbath, good to see you there, Flat Sabbath. Appreciate you being with us. Can't believe this day flew by like so fast. I even woke up early, which is why I'm like, wait, how did this day go by so fast? I'm just gonna find my sleepy pills. Oh, let's see. I've been sleeping great lately. I'm like super pumped about that. So I wanna say, my dear friends, we're excited about the future. We appreciate all of your support. I wanna say hi to more of you in the old live chat, and I'm gonna do that in just a second after I take this little, heavy little sleepy pill. And a little bit of melatonin. It really hits the spot. Melavia says, thanks for updating the ticker for me, James. My pleasure, Melavia. Seriously, appreciate your support. And, hold on, I just have to take a swig. Oh, there it goes. Red Dirt Farm, good to see you there in the old live chat. And, beheaded kamikaze. Thanks for coming by. Ms. Sweet, am I saying it right? Glad to have you there. Says, thank you, Dr. James. You can't call me Dr. yet. But I will let you know when you can. It's gonna be this year. That's the plan. And I'm determined, because I've been in this program too long. Says, much love to you. Thanks for your kind words, Ms. Sweet. Says, much love to you and everyone in the chat. I'm going to go watch Dodgeball. Thanks so much. And you should, for real. You are going to totally, let me look this up right now. Dodgeball. Cast. This movie's not that old.  Gordon in the movie, Dodgeball? That's totally Brian's voice. Like, if you guys like seriously. Gordon. Let me look this up. Dodgeball. His voice is like, you guys, it's uncanny that I'm just like, come on, you guys. It's just so, it's just funny. Like, while I was listening, I was like, oh my gosh. I've never heard a voice that was that similar.  Anthony B, good to see you there in the live chat. Corey Clark, glad to see you. Jay, I see you there in the live chat. Thanks for dropping in. Hannah Anderson, good to have you with us. Bob, thanks for dropping in. But let's see. Jim West, thanks for coming by. He says, thanks James for being a great host and mod. Thanks for your kind words. Living Room Speakers says, tremendous jug of water. It is a tremendous, you're right about that. Did you know I use the word tremendous a lot? I do. I use, no joke, I use it a lot in my everyday and people will like think it's weird. But flat sabbath, thanks for your kind words, the salutes and good moderating. Thanks for your kind words, that means a lot. And let's see here. Hannah Anderson, good to see you there in the live chat. Thanks for being here, appreciate it. Hope you feel welcome. Hope you're doing well. And I want to let you guys go. I want to say thank you for all of your support. Thanks, Rethink, Inc. I see you there in the chat. Anthony B, thanks for being with us. Troll, good to have you. Tay Lad, am I saying it right? Hope that you are doing well. Thanks for being with us. Kevin DeChille, thanks for dropping in. Master Optics, good to see you, good to see ya. Ooh. You're right, Master Optics says that day the scan of a diploma has to be shown instead of James' live video. That's a good idea. That's kind of cool, I like that. So I want to say thanks for your support, though, folks. I love you guys. Thanks for all of your support. You guys are super helpful. I appreciate it. If you haven't already, that's the last thing I was going to say, is if you know of a friend or a group of friends online that like topics like this or debates like this, hey, click that share button and share this link with them and say, hey, this is a fun one. We appreciate that. You can share it to a Facebook page or a Facebook group or a Discord group or a Twitter thread with friends or even a text message or a Facebook message to someone. So I want to say thanks for your support. Appreciate you. You guys have a great rest of your night. I love you guys. You always make it fun and I look forward to seeing you at the next debate. I think we've got one on Tuesday. We got several coming up this week, though. So thanks, guys. Love you guys. Keep sifting out the reasonable from the unreasonable and we'll see you next time. Amazing.