Os oesonnal chwaraengau yr unig hwn i ddiogelu'r ddisguaddu, trafod hyn yn dda i ddifrif iawn o gy ail. Dwi'r wych sydd yn grifos o'r ddangos, rwy'n golygu'r mwy fneddol yn ddifrif iawn o'r ddangos, dwi wedi gweld rwyf yn uddiad amdano gan algodau. Felly, dwi'n gweithio'r ddifrif iawn o'u ddifrif iawn. Salw ddifrif iawn i d грfod mai'n ddifrif iawn i ddifrif iawn o gydag. Fy lwmp yn oedodog, First Minister. Isanc, y dyfodwsgolion, sef yr oeddwn gael cérdraeth ar fynd gwaith gael cérdraeth wedi'u cyfnogi ar gael Cymru? Rwyf i ddweud i'r rhannu ei cerddau roedd, creffters ac crofters ar Ffwrdd Scotland wedi'i cerddaw. Felly, yna ni fod mae'r cyfnogi ar y Cerddraeth. Yn mynd i'r cyfferfyn, mae'r cerddau yr ydyfodd aethau yn blaw hwnnw. I will ask you again. The microphone is certainly on, cabinet secretary. Sorry, could you begin again? Yes, thank you, Presiding Officer. By 9 November, over 13,200 farmers and crofters across Scotland had received their national basic payment scheme loan payment worth more than £308.6 million to the Scottish rural economy. The first loan payments arrived in farmers and crofters bank accounts on 5 October. Those loans were made available almost two months earlier than the start of the 2018 cap pillar 1 payment window, which is set by EU regulation at 1 December. Before any comparable loans or advances were made elsewhere in the UK, I would encourage every farmer or crofter who has yet to take up the Scottish Government's offer of a national basic payment scheme loan to consider doing so. Given the fact that, obviously, many farmers had to use their winter fodder supplies in the summer months due to the exceptionally dry conditions, what assurances can the Scottish Government give that farmers will be well supported should we have a bad winter? The member makes a very fair point. We all agree that the weather this year has been exceptionally bad, first of all exceptionally wet with snow and then exceptionally dry. Those have caused real difficulties of which I am acutely aware, having had many discussions with farmers. That is precisely why we did respond with setting up a weather panel and providing other modest assistance to farmers. I know that farmers are extremely resilient, and they have done a number of measures to ameliorate and tackle the problems in the availability of fodder, for example. However, we are most certainly keeping a watching brief on all those issues. Of course, our main task is to ensure that, as far as we are able to do so within our powers, the administration of the support payment scheme is done as smoothly and effectively as possible. That is why I am very pleased that the loan scheme, which is really an advanced payment scheme, provided assistance to farmers and crofters in Scotland earlier than anywhere else in the UK. We will continue to review that, and I do so on, frankly, a daily basis. Alasdair Allan. Presiding Officer, is the cabinet secretary able to establish what the take-up of the loan scheme is among crofters specifically to ensure that they benefit from it as much as other groups? Overall, there has been an extremely high take-up of the offer of loan, but I would take this opportunity presented by Dr Allan's question to say to any farmer and any crofter who have not yet made application for a loan payment, please do so. It is still possible to obtain that payment. At most cases, provided the individual farmer-crofter unit is eligible, the loan will be available at 90 per cent of estimated entitlement. That is still available, so I would urge any remaining crofters to take up that opportunity. I will specifically check with the Stornoway Arped Office to make sure that if there are any further local measures that we can take following up the raising of the matter by the local member. To ask the Scottish Government how it is supporting the rural parliament, which is being held in Stornoway Arped. The rural parliament, which is being delivered by Scottish rural action, aims to empower rural communities across Scotland and by giving them a stronger voice to initiate change at a local and national level. The Scottish Government has supported the voluntary organisation since its inception in 2014 and has enabled three rural parliament events to take place. The last one in my home city of Beacon, albeit the rural parliament later today and tomorrow and on Friday, the Scottish Government will be represented by the Cabinet Secretary for Government, Business and Constitutional Relations, Mike Russell. The timing of the event is timely because we have Brexit ever looming. In the run-up to this event, SRA has been engaging the underrepresented voices in our rural communities about the future of rural funding and policy post 2020 to make sure that their voice is heard. The Scottish Government has been happy to support that work with £25,000 from the Brexit stakeholder engagement fund to ensure that people in rural Scotland have had a say in the process. I thank the minister for that answer. The minister will be aware that Strunrar and the Rins and other parts of Dumfries and Galloway share many of the challenges that other parts of rural Scotland experience. What assurance can she give us that the new South of Scotland enterprise agency will work for the benefit of all parts of Dumfries and Galloway and represent all parts of the south Scotland region and ensure that more events like the rural parliament are brought to the area along with the associated economic benefit? I can give my absolute assurance to the member that that is the case because that is the purpose of the south of Scotland enterprise agency because it has a clear focus on place and it will have a vital role in driving growth across the region as a whole. The agency will deliver a tailored approach and look at the very particular opportunities and needs of the whole of the south of Scotland region, looking at how we can support businesses, strengthen communities and drive the economy forward. We have tried to engage widely in our plans for the new agency and we know that it is absolutely essential that we keep that on-going engagement with stakeholders to try and drive that work forward. When the new board will be chosen to provide a balanced mix of relevant skills and expertise, we aim for that to be representative of across the south of Scotland region. Of course, we now have in place the gender representation on public boards act, so we will be working towards equal gender representation on that agency. To ask the Scottish Government how its food tourism action plan will aim to support producers. The new food tourism action plan, Food Tourism Scotland, is a unique initiative that will align our tourism and food and drink sectors to double from £1,000 million to £2,000 million in value, the amount that visitors to Scotland spend annually on food and drink. There will be a number of specific actions to support that, such as supporting our top 100 visitor attractions to get our taste, our best accreditation. This is Visit Scotland's quality assurance scheme on local sourcing and working to get all our major events showcasing local food and drink. That work and much more will directly benefit our local food producers and manufacturers as we seek to make Scotland a good food nation. The cabinet secretary will know the key role that Scotland's chefs play in promoting Scotland's food at home and abroad. As we mark the year of young people, will the cabinet secretary join me in wishing our culinary world cup team, the youngest team in the competition of more than 100 teams, the best of luck in Luxembourg later this month? Cabinet secretary? Yes, I am delighted to welcome the efforts of the Scottish culinary world cup team. They have carried out a great job in recent years in ensuring that our food is highly prized, presented and champion both at home and abroad. I wish Robbie Penman and his highly skilled young team every success in Luxembourg at the end of the month and have no doubt that they will do a great job of further raising the profile of our fantastic produce to help Scotland's aspiration to become a global food tourism destination. The regional food fund, established in the Scottish Government's ambition of 2020, has awarded grants to 15 collaborative projects that are designed to promote local Scottish producers. Cabinet secretary, what direct economic benefit those grants have had on local producers and tourism? Is there any plans to expand the scheme further? Cabinet secretary? I believe that those and other events have had significant benefit. We promote our food and drink at a national event to Gleneagles bi-annually. As a result of the success of that event, I decided that the regional showcasing events should take place. We are having a variety of events, and they have already taken place. There will be an analysis of our estimates of the value of the products that are made in due course. The member will appreciate—I know that she has experienced in the sector—that some of the benefits take some time to come through.  The analysis is not necessarily something that can be produced in a matter of a few months after the event, but the Gleneagles event has been spectacularly successful for the companies involved. I will share what information I can, as I always do, as soon as we possibly can. To ask the Scottish Government what it is doing to ensure that farmers have access to public procurement contracts for food. Since 2007, we have seen a 41 per cent rise in the proportion of locally sourced produce in the public sector. This has seen more and more farmers and other food producers supplying our public sector contracts, such as those provided by Scotland XL. We want to see more of our local produce being served in our schools, hospitals, prisons and other public bodies and facilitate that through a range of measures, such as the supplier accreditation programme, regional showcasing, which I just mentioned, and the expansion of the food for life programme. Brian Whittle I thank the cabinet secretary for that answer. Moscow Farm near Mawthland is leading the way on organic milk production, having done away with plastics in favour of bottling their milk and supplying local businesses, restaurants and cafes. However, he told me that it is next to impossible for local suppliers like him to make any headway with the public XL procurement contract. The 69 per cent of food that is supplied in that contract is coming from outside Scotland. I am sure that the cabinet secretary agrees that that is unacceptable. If he does, what can he and the Scottish Government do to support our local food suppliers and simplify the public procurement process so that the prepared food will make it to the school dining hall? I understand that 100 per cent of fresh milk that is used across Scottish schools is Scottish Wisemen's graham dairy. Already, there is a Scottish supplier of milk to our schools in Scotland, and I am pleased about that. Mr Whittle mentions another supplier, and if he cares to write to me, I will look into the circumstances of that particular company. As far as Scotland XL, which he mentions, is concerned, Scottish XL is now requiring a Scottish price within its groceries and provisions framework. It does that by having a secondary price list for products only with a country of origin of Scotland. Definitions of that of country of origin of Scotland and manufactured in Scotland are now included in the Scotland XL frozen tender. Having met Scotland XL, I have heard of the excellent work that it does. It is difficult for small businesses to break into public procurement. That is why we have a supplier accreditation programme. That is why in the 2014 legislation, we have specific provision to encourage small businesses to be able to get on to procurement. It is still not easy in some cases. It needs to be a relationship built up with local authorities and other public sector bodies. That takes time and it takes input from all sides, but I am delighted that we have made significant progress with more and more Scottish produce being provided to our school children, our patients and hospital workers and across the whole public sector. That work continues. Rhoda Grant In spite of that, it is very difficult for small producers to supply their local primary school or indeed health centre. Is it something that the cabinet secretary could bring forward in a good food and nation bill? There is no need to do that. The work is already under way and is in train. The Food for Life programme is extremely successful. Mr Whittle mentioned that a fortnight to go in respect of East Ayrshire Council. We have a programme of £400,000 to extend the good work to all other local authorities. That will be done over a period of years. There are many examples of great success of relatively small businesses or medium-sized businesses in supplying food to schools around Scotland. For example, Swanson's fruit company in Inverness supplies local sourced fruit and veg to schools across the highlands in the region that the member represents. McWilliam's butchers and Aberdeen supplies meat to schools in Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire. Corry mains farm in East Ayrshire, all the eggs to primary schools. Fenton barns farm in East Lothian, 40 per cent of poultry sourced by the NHS. Many companies do and are succeeding and we are doing a lot of work. We do not need any further legislation to do this. We just need to get on with it and that is what we are doing. To ask the Scottish Government what discussions it has had with the fish processing industry in the north-east regarding training workers to make best use of exiting the CFP. The Scottish Government is in regular dialogue with the seafood processing industry regarding the many challenges facing the sector as a consequence of Brexit. The loss of freedom of movement, providing opportunities for people from the EU to live and work in Scotland, is key. Given that more than 70 per cent of the seafood processing workforce in north-east Scotland are non-UK EEA nationals, the processing sector has every right to be concerned. The UK Government has failed to provide clarity and certainty for people already here and working in fish processing and in other industries. That has been compounded by the recommendations of the Migration Advisory Committee for Future Immigration Policy and all served to reinforce why Scotland should have full control over immigration powers. Maureen Watt I thank the cabinet secretary for that very full answer. On 2 November, north-east politicians attended one of the regular north-east fisheries development partnership meetings at the new Peterhead fish market. They were shown new trainings space in the facility, which Tory MSP Peter Chapman welcomed on the basis that it would help replace foreigners working in the industry with local youth. Mr Chapman was reminded at the time that the fisheries development partnership has an equality policy and that his comments were out of order. Does the minister agree that all discussions over the future of the fishing industry, especially in the context of Brexit, must be conducted in a way that does not discriminate or stoke xenophobia? Yes, I agree with the sentiments that Maureen Watt expresses. People from across the European Union and indeed beyond have made Scotland their home. They have enriched our communities, especially our rural communities. They bring in many cases a strong work ethic, family values and a strong sense of community spirit. I think that we are very fortunate to have them give of their effort and time to work in Scotland, and therefore I entirely endorse what the member says. However, do not forget that 70 per cent of those working in the north-east in the processing sector come from EU countries. It is very difficult to see how that sector would be unable to continue to be successful without the excellent contribution that those welcome residents in Scotland perform. To ask the Scottish Government what it is doing to mitigate the potential impact of the closure of the Cairn Gorm funicular railway on the area's economy. Cabinet secretary. Presiding Officer, the safety of passengers at this time is paramount. The Scottish Government continues to work closely with Highlands and Isles Enterprise to mitigate any economic impact. HIE and business gateway are supporting local businesses that might be affected, including offering one-to-one advice and access to loan funding where appropriate. A funicular response group has been established to oversee the operational and communication needs relating to the closure. Richard Lyle I thank the cabinet secretary for that answer. Tourism plays a significant role in our economy with winter sports being of particular importance to rural economy. Can the cabinet secretary outline what has been done to develop further opportunities for the Cairn Gorms and other winter sports facilities and what help is being given to reopen the railway as soon as possible? I can assure the member that HIE is working flat out on those matters. I am in touch with its staff on a very regular basis. I know that, for example, it is about to receive a report on the potential problems that are facing the funicular. That report should be available at the beginning of December. It is also working on ensuring the availability of snow-making equipment in early December and, hopefully, operational as soon as possible thereafter. It is working hard with the local community representatives in order to ameliorate the problems posed by the loss temporarily, we hope, of the services of the funicular railway, to ensure that there is skiing taking place in Cairn Gorms this year as soon as possible and to the maximum extent as possible. We are absolutely determined to make those efforts to bring as much success to the area as possible, because the funicular railway and indeed Cairn Gorms mountain are essential to the success of the local economy of Bain Argynstrasby. I regret that. I have been able to call Angus MacDonald, Alec Rowley and Neil Bibby in this set of questions. We have no time in hand to move on to the next set of questions on environment, climate change and land reform, question 1, Mark Ruskell. To ask the Scottish Government what the expected demand will be for the incineration of waste following the ban on sending biodegradable waste to landfill in 2021. The Scottish Government is committed to the waste hierarchy, which promotes reduction, reuse and recycling of waste. As the preferred options for waste management, statistics show that we now recycle more than 60 per cent of waste from all sources. We do however recognise that incineration is a necessary part of the management of residual waste if we are to reduce our reliance on landfill. We have commissioned a waste market study to better understand the current and future markets for the disposal and discovery of biodegradable municipal waste, including the energy from waste market, and to understand the implications for the Scottish waste system of alternative disposal and recovery options once the ban comes into effect. We will have a clearer picture of key issues, including likely future demand for energy from waste facilities once the report is completed. Mark Ruskell. Correspondent sent to me by the cabinet secretary suggests that we are going to see a seven-fold increase in waste incineration capacity in Scotland in the next three years.  Isn't it now time that we see a moratorium on new incinerators in Scotland? We have to ensure that we are able to manage the waste that is produced. I remind the chamber that this is about residual waste. I encourage everybody in the chamber and in the country to ensure that, as little residual waste is produced and ends up in this fashion. We need to deal with the landfill ban. Incineration is going to be a key part of that. There is an issue about managing incineration and managing it once we get over that particular period in which it is needed most. That is what the study that I referred to is going to help us to get a handle on. There is an issue and there is undoubtedly a concern. However, there is a situation to be managed and we are doing the very best that we can to manage it correctly. I refer members to my register of interests. The cabinet secretary has outlined the SNP solution to the ban on landfilling by a degradable municipal waste to construct an extra 1 million tonnes of incineration capacity. That seems absurd. Will the cabinet secretary outline what non-incineration treatment options are being considered and how does the Scottish Government plan to support them? I made it clear that incineration is not what we are supporting as if that was the only thing that we are doing. I want to emphasise that this is about residual waste and what is really important in all of that is that we reduce the amount of residual waste that there is in the first place. That is the real focus of what the Government is doing. To be a picking mix across local authorities, some have four bin collections, some have one bin and they are recycling it, is there best practice and is the Scottish Government looking at best practice in order to try and advise authorities on the best way forward? There is indeed a household recycling charter that, at last, I looked about 26 out of the 32 local authorities have signed up to it. They are not, of course, able to switch overnight to a uniform system, but that was agreed between the Scottish Government and COSLA. I would be very happy to update Alex Rowley on some of the detail around that and, indeed, on some of the more specific questions that I have been asking recently about where we are with each local authorities adherence to it. To ask the Scottish Government what assessment it or the Grousmure management group has made of the environmental impact of hill tracks constructed in open Moorland. The Grousmure management group was established in November 2017 and its remit was to examine the environmental impact of Grousmure management practices such as Muirburn, the use of medicated grit and mountain haircalls and advise on the option of licencing groushooting business ous. There have been no request to consider the environmental impact of hill tracks. It is for planning authorities to consider the environmental impact of individual hill tracks on a case-by-case basis when determining planning applications or prior notifications. Andy Wightman I thank the minister for her answer. The Cabinet Secretary for Environment, Climate Change and Land Reform approved the Cairngorms national park plan in 2017. It contains a presumption against new constructed tracks in open Moorland. The problem is that the authority can only properly implement this presumption over the 25 per cent of the area of the park that is a national scenic area. Given that IUCN categorises both national scenic areas and Scottish national parks as category 5 protected landscapes, does the minister agree that both deserve the same level of regulatory control? The Minister for Environment, Climate Change and Land Reform I am aware of the member's concern about the issue. I know that some of the issues around the issue were discussed as part of the amendments to the planning bill in the recent local government committee meeting. I would say that all of those concerns can be addressed when the Scottish Government looks to consult on the permitted development orders. As the member will know from the minister for local government's response to him, when the amendment was discussed at committee, the Scottish Government has committed to carrying out a review of the general permitted development order after the completion of the planning bill, where he said in his response, that we will consider calls for changes to permitted development for private ways, alongside other proposals for change, and any proposed changes will be subject to full public consultation. Gail Ross Thank you. Can the minister outline the steps that led to the introduction of the Grouse Moor Management Group and what action the Scottish Government has taken to tackle wildlife crime in recent years? The Minister for Environment, Climate Change and Land Reform To answer the member's question, in 2016 we were faced with a number of reports about tagged golden eagles going missing, which led to claims and counterclaims about what was happening. The cabinet secretary then asked SNH to commission an analysis of all the data to see if there was any suspicious pattern linked to that. What emerged from that report was a shocking finding that up to a third of tagged golden eagles had gone missing in suspicious circumstances. Many of them were in clusters on or near Grouse Moors. It was that finding that led to the decision to set up the group, led by Professor Rarity, to examine whether we need new regulation of Grouse Moor Management. Alongside Professor Rarity's work, the cabinet secretary also commissioned a research project to examine the costs and benefits to Scotland of shooting estates. Professor Rarity's group is due to report back in April where we will see what recommendations are made at that point and if any improvements can be made. Claudia Beamish Thank you, Presiding Officer. The minister will know of the revived coalition report on Grouse Moors. I would seek reassurance in view of the wide range of concerns that have been expressed, both in relation to the planning bill and Andy Wightman's amendment, and, to me, from constituents, that surely it would be possible for the remit of the Grouse Moor Management group to be expanded to look at this. That would feed really well into what I welcome as the review of the permitted development rights. The Minister for Environment, Climate Change and Land Reform I suppose that my only concern would be if we were to add that at this late stage, that it could slow down the progress that has been made so far in the group. I do think that we will have the opportunity to look at the permitted development orders once we have had the completion of the planning bill. I am well aware of the report from the revive that was launched last week. I also met with environment length this week as well, who conveyed their concerns to me about hill tracks. The consultation on that and will be coming after the planning bill. We have the commitment to do that, and we will consider all the issues surrounding permitted development rights and around hill tracks at that time. To ask the Scottish Government what issue it expects to be given priority at the UN climate change conference in December. Conference of the parties to the UN framework on climate change, or COP24, will take stock of global efforts through the culmination of the Talanoa dialogue process, which the Scottish Government has contributed to and will seek to agree the rulebook for how the Paris agreement will be implemented. I plan to take Scotland's positive messages on climate action to COP24 and to show the world that our low-carbon transition demonstrates that deep emissions reductions are achievable and that they can be delivered in a way that promotes sustainable and fair economic growth. Following a personal invitation from Patricia Espinosa, the executive secretary of the UN framework convention on climate change, the First Minister also plans to attend this year's COP subject to any urgent parliamentary business, and the on-going message is Brexit. That is further confirmation that Scotland's experience remains highly relevant to the rest of the world. Gillian Martin. Thank you, cabinet secretary, for that answer. Obviously, she agrees with me that it is essential that Scotland not only is represented as a nation at these global events, but that it will continue to be leaders in the global effort to fight climate change. Cabinet secretary. Well, indeed I do. The Government, as most people know, is committed to international co-operation. We engage regularly with partners overseas to share our successes and to learn from others. Adopting new, more stretching emissions reduction targets puts Scotland amongst a select number of countries who have committed to translating the Paris agreement into domestic law. We also remain the only country in the world to have statutory annual targets, matched by a comprehensive package of stretching and credible on-the-ground delivery measures that are set out in our climate change plan. Question 4, Rhoda Grant. To ask the Scottish Government in light of the forthcoming ban on burning of plastics on farms, what contingency plans it has, should the market approach to recycling farm plastic not work. The relevant amendment to the waste management licensing Scotland regulations was actually made in 2013, and a group was established in autumn 2016 to plan the transition towards a position where the ban could be enforced. That had membership from National Farmers Union Scotland, SEPA Zero Waste Scotland, Scottish Government and several waste plastics collectors and reprocesses. The transition to full enforcement has therefore been carefully considered. In most areas of the country, there are recycling collection services available, and I am advised that, since the announcement, the network has expanded. That is one of the reasons why a transition period until 1 January 2019 is in place. SEPA has published clear guidance for farmers to help them to decide how best to dispose of plastic waste. Local SEPA officers across Scotland can provide more direct assistance. Rhoda Grant. I have been contacted by crofters in rural Scotland and in our island community saying that there is no recycling facilities local to them. There is a concern that the only option that they can take is to bury those plastics, which will have a knock-on effect to the environment and, indeed, to animal health, should they become unburied. I wonder whether Rhoda Grant would consider working along with local authorities to see if they could recycle along with their normal household recycling. I think that we would want to have conversations where necessary. A list of plastic waste service providers is available on the Zero Waste Scotland website, so I am not sure whether or not access to that would be helpful in those circumstances. If all other options have been exhausted—I think that we would need to make sure that all other options had been exhausted—and there is no recycling service available, the waste can be sent to landfill at a licensed site or to an energy from waste plant. However, that should only be considered as a last resort. I think that we would want to have some serious conversations first to ensure that there is not an alternative solution. I have three members wishing to ask supplementary questions. If you ask short questions and I have succinct answers, I can take all three, otherwise I would not. Liam McArthur Thank you for following on from Rhoda Grant's concerns. There are clearly concerns expressed by constituents in Orkney, which he undertakes to ask SIPA to complete an island impact assessment so that we can explore the options that either involve landfill at the moment or potentially one or two ferry journeys to get plastic away. I am conscious that there is an issue particularly on islands in terms of transport issues. I am happy to discuss with SIPA whether or not the request by the member is appropriate. I am happy to speak to the member about the particular circumstances that he might wish to raise. Some of what I answered in respect to Rhoda Grant may also be applicable in respect of the member's constituency. John Scott Thank you, Presiding Officer. In the clearing of interest as a farmer, the Government agreed to hold a number of stakeholder events supported by an engagement programme in order to support farmers' transition to the requirements of the ban. How many events have been held? Jeane Freeman I do not have a note of the precise number of events. I do know that there has obviously been a clear amount of discussion and that group that I read out the membership of has been involved in that. That includes NFUS. I will undertake to make sure to get not just the number but the locations of any such meetings and ensure that the member, and indeed any other members who wish to know that, if they would contact me, can see whether there was one locally. Colin Beattie Does the cabinet secretary agree that we must continue to work on reducing the amount of plastic used in all sectors and industries? Can she confirm that farmers will have time to prepare for the ban ahead of it coming into force? Cabinet Secretary I have already prioritised action on plastics, and we will continue to do so. I think that most members will know that the work that has already been done in respect of some of the single-use plastics and is planned. We do support EU plans to tackle single-use plastic and ensure that all plastic packaging is easily recycled or reusable by 2030, where I found a member of the plastics pact, our commitment to a deposit return scheme, signals a step change in our ambitions, and I can confirm, as I indicated in an earlier answer, that there has been a transition period until 1 January 2019 to allow farmers time to prepare for the ban. I invite members who have local farmers or crofters or anybody else who have specific concerns to flag them up to me and we will see what we can do. Question 5, Elaine Smith. Thank you, Presiding Officer. To ask the Scottish Government what action the Environment Secretary is taking to enable people from deprived areas to access woodland areas. The Scottish Government recognises that access to woodlands in deprived areas does improve people's lives. We have committed around £1 million this year to woods in and around towns, which is a programme that tackles the barriers to accessing woodlands. The current programme for government supports Europe's largest green space project, the Central Scotland green network, which this year will receive £950,000 to support woodland creation with a particular focus on deprived communities. Furthermore, the national forestry state's investment in urban woodlands includes more than £5 million at Cunningham loop, which supports the regeneration of deprived communities in the Clyde gateway. Elaine Smith. I welcome the minister's response, particularly given that tackling health inequalities crosses all portfolios. Is the minister aware that the green networks of urban woodlands have been found to bring value of £14 million per year through recreation and health benefits, as well as contributing to the network of carbon sinks? Given the minister's previous answer, will the minister work with the minister for planning to set a target for urban woodland expansion to ensure that those spaces and their benefits are accessible to people across Scotland, particularly those for whom travelling into the country is much more difficult? I want to thank the member for that question. I agree with her that this is an issue that crosses all portfolios. Earlier, in one of my first official visits, I went to Jupiter art land in Edinburgh, which was in relation to a fund launched by SNH for £600,000, really aimed at getting children and helping children, particularly from disadvantaged backgrounds, to get in and experiencing nature and into our woodlands. I think that all the projects, there are so many positive projects and initiatives that are taking place by a number of organisations, by our national parks, and we recognise the issues that there are around travel. If we look at some of the work that has been done by woods in and around towns, in 2017 and 2018, they had over 520 events and activities, and 14,000 people attended those, and they were from areas of deprivation, including Castle Milk, Craig Miller and other areas in Glasgow's east end. They also had Scottish Forestry grant aid to bring 1,360 hectares of sustainable woodland management for public access and 7,600 metres of footpath upgrades, and nearly 9,000 metres of new footpaths. There is a whole raft of positive work that is going on there, and that is work that we want to encourage and further develop. To ask the Scottish Government whether it will provide an update on SIPA's investigation into the Musmorran petrochemical plant. Unplan flaring at the Musmorran site remains under investigation by SIPA as an independent regulator. SIPA provides updates where it is able to do so through the Musmorran and Brayfoot base section of its website. I understood from previous statements by SIPA that the report was to be concluded this month, perhaps the cabinet secretary could clarify whether that is also her understanding and also clarify whether that report will be made public, as will be the case with the joint SIPA route and branch review with the health and safety executive, and again if she could clarify that when that final report, and we don't know when that will be, if that report will be made public so that my constituents can assure themselves of their safety. Both regulatory authorities are fully aware that local communities want to be kept informed about what has been happening. SIPA's investigations into the unplanned elevated flaring that occurred at the Musmorran facility in 2017 and 2018 have been on-going and are at an advanced stage. SIPA has been clear that the evidence gathered during its investigations cannot be made public because that could compromise any potential enforcement action. SIPA has not committed to publishing a report but has provided updates at local meetings and working groups, as well as publishing information on its website, including on the enforcement actions that it has taken to date. Aspects of that work are being jointly carried out with the health and safety executive. We expect the joint SIPA and HSE review into the site to conclude this month. In respect of safety issues, HSE will consider what can be made public and when as a result of its work. I am sorry, but I have to conclude questions there. I apologise to James Kelly, Kenneth Gibson and Kezia Dugdale, as there is no time in hand. We have to move on to the next debate, as that concludes the portfolio question.


Colorectal cancer, CRC, is a major health concern worldwide due to its high prevalence and mortality rate. It has been established that certain bacteria such as Fusobacterium nucleatum play a key role in the development of CRC. In order to combat this disease, researchers have developed an in-silico vaccine consisting of the B-cell and T-cell epitope regions of FAP2, a protein produced by F. Nucleatum. This vaccine has been shown to interact with human-toll-like receptor 6, TLR6, suggesting that it could potentially induce strong immune responses against CRC. Additionally, the vaccine has been successfully expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using affinity chromatography. These results suggest that the vaccine could be used as a promising therapeutic option for treating F. Nucleatum-induced CRC. This article was authored by Somrita Padma, Ritwik Patra, Parth Sartesan Gupta, and others.


Good afternoon pastor David. Hey John. Welcome everybody to a random moment unfiltered with pastor David. Well pastor we're sitting in this freshly Fresh chapel. Yeah, and you know last night we had service here and The worship and everything about last night was just amazing and and that's what I want to speak a little bit about last night You you opened up our Wednesday night spiritual warfare, and I love what you said about how sometimes we can think spiritual warfare is this Demon or this big lion, and it's this big battle when in fact Spiritual warfare are the little frustrating things that we go through every day. Yeah, very often what spiritual warfare We don't even recognize it for what it is, and we have to be careful Not every single thing that we encounter in life is not and necessarily a Spiritual warfare. There's so very very many dimensions in various things Obviously that we experience that aren't necessarily Demonic, you know attempts to destroy us. I have to be careful with that Hopefully as we go through the series together, I'll make that clear There are things I can do by the flesh in the flesh that just reap the repercussions that Didn't even require a demon of any sort or Satan strategies, you know, I'm just being fleshly but often they are the things that we don't even realize our Our our strategies that the enemy is using we don't realize that because we fail to remember That as long as we've been alive There has there has been an observation of our lives There are multiple billions of of demonic spirits. We don't know how many of course, but You know God created a host and a third of that host Failed with Satan and that host that he had created is is certainly more than population on the face of the earth and so we know that that there are demonic entities we're going through Ephesians 6 and Paul speaks of the the wilds of the devil the the strategies devices That he has plans that are evil and all of that So so we spoke about that last night and I was trying to mention that we need to be aware That it's not always a demonized a person that we're encountering or Something that is blatant But in fact very often what it is is the small things that seem to add up That are once they have their effect on us well, they undermine our faith or they steal our joy and Remove our hope Those are things that we have in Christ We we have love because of Jesus and we have faith because of Jesus We have hope because of Jesus and so the thief comes to steal and to kill to destroy the enemy has been scrutinizing humanity from the beginning and Usually brings the same kinds of tactics in one form or another But as he observes through his minions He he learns your weaknesses and and he's aware of your strengths. Now. How do we know that? Well in The book of Job, it's it's made very clearly Made very clear there that when the angelic hosts including Satan Came to to assemble before God God spoke to him and asked him where have you been and in the way he's speaking. It's as a interrogation Declare to me give to me A rendition of the things you've been up to and and there's an inference there I know you're up to no good. So you need to say what you've been doing Well, I've been going to and fro throughout the earth. He says and have you considered Have you weighed Job? I know you've seen him. Have you set your affection and attention on Job and Immediately Satan says of course, you know you put a hedge about him and that's where the whole battle in the book of Job ensues The thing I'm pointing to is the fact that I was he was very aware of Job and Satan is very aware of Those who belong to the Lord. He's aware that we're Christians. He's aware that we want to serve God bring honor and glory to him He's aware of that So what does he do? He does what he can through his imps if you will to undermine and to steal to to make us or try to render us useless in the in the battle and To have his way so if he can cripple a soldier if he can take you out of the battle Then he has a form of victory in all of that and so It's not always encountering a demonized man. It's not always some very obvious Spiritual thing where you just know it's it's normally subtle. It's more subtle. It's it's you awakening to it all of a sudden realizing This is this this ought not to be this way. Why is oh I'll give you an example. It's like we were sharing earlier talking in When my children were small and I was preparing a Bible study And I needed to concentrate and I didn't have an office. I was was working out of my house and My babies would be kind of arguing or getting upset and it would always seem to take place Just before I was to go out and and give a Bible study or while I was in preparation of a study And I was mentioning that what I would do is I would I would put down the pen because they used to use just pen and paper And I would pray and I would say father if this is something that is Needing me to go and correct I will but if this is something That is spiritual. There's a provocation to disturb my peace and my attention to my preparation Father, I pray that you would settle this down that you'd bring calmness John that happened so many times and I before the Lord it became my habit Because the enemy I know was working through my children to take away my peace take away my attention from his word and Then to cause me to be provoked to an anger towards my babies I mean there were some very real things going on and I I began to learn that a long time ago the first thing That I need to do is pray and and Lord if this is something that is is Provoking me in the wrong direction. I ask in Jesus name that you would awaken me to it And that's what the Lord many times That's what happened and and to this day it continues that way John and it's the you said last night It's the prayers. There's some stuff going on there in the back It's the prayers that really would help you or at least answer when we're going through a spiritual warfare Yeah, just Lord help me with that And so last night was very practical pastor even the the scriptures that were shared in Ezekiel how Satan how he was before and how he was now cast yeah Yeah, and but you know at the end and I want to wrap it up with this pastor would really tied everything together Was before come out right right before communion. I really personally I really love that time because you share your heart and You're sharing how much you love for your family, obviously but how much you love our church and and I think people sometimes may not understand how much you truly love our church and Because I work here to work close our office are very close in proximity I see the love that you have for our church and it was amazing for you to share that last night with our Congregation well, they need to know that you know and you know and if you're watching I can say that Truly our pastor loves our church and he's not hand-signally emotionally me right now like say this say this say this No, but but how much you really love and and they just seem that everything just tied together with that with the practical aspect of pray during our spiritual warfare and And and to top it off with you express it how much you love our church, you know that we'll be looking at the Weapons of our warfare Obviously, we'll be looking at being girded with truth You know when the Apostle Paul was describing the weapons what you know This is a man who was guarded by Roman soldiers. He was very familiar With their armor, but he was also aware of the order in which the armor was put on and He actually enumerates said as we go through it putting you know Yourself with truth and all of that each one of those pieces he speaks about came in a certain order So we'll be looking at that as we go through the study. So again, invite your friends and family come join us on Wednesday evenings The cool thing about it is just you just started the series on So it's not too late to come check us out on Wednesday nights at 7 p.m. And then on Sunday morning It's at 8 30 and 10 45 we have our services as Pastor David's taking us you're taking us to mark And we're going to be looking at the the widows mites widows mites. Yeah, and so I mean if anybody's ever been Israel That's their they're very very small. They are and so well pastor. Thank you so much and you guys thank you for tuning in Thank you again. God bless you and we look forward to see you on Sunday. Amen. Thank you pastor


Hey everybody Good morning, how are you? We are going to do a live Monday with deco art this morning and like with the watercolor. We're gonna start out with some basics Good morning I've had all my coffee. So yay. I think I'm awake Well, I've got some I've got some tea next to me. It's half decaf, but you know good day All right, so this morning with our Monday with deco art, we're gonna start out with these little bottles here now This is the palette sampler set of deco art traditions artists acrylics It comes with these 12 bottles. You can order these from deco art comm go to traditions deco art traditions and They have the palette sampler kit. I think it's like $21 in change And it comes with 10 colors and two mediums. So it's a really easy basic kit to get and try and you get You get a good selection of basic colors and we're gonna go over that today and we're gonna do some color blending color mixing And if we have time I'm going to show you how to turn it into a journal page to Decorate chalk paint this weekend. Oh cool. All right, so the kit comes with oh See now I need my glasses so I can read the labels Extender and blending medium Glazing medium these will both extend the drying time of your acrylic paint and the glazing medium will make it a bit translucent or see-through you get opaque white and You get carbon black You get raw umber raw Sienna Let Hansa yellow night. I almost called it lemon yellow because it looks very lemony to me Napsal red light Red violet Thalo green blue Thalo blue and Ultramarine blue And you all know me. It's got it's got a number of blues or blue-green. So I love the palette So for the at least the first part of this we're gonna take out the two mediums and We're gonna take out the black and the white now if you choose to expand on this Sort of exercise that we're gonna do you definitely could add in black and white later and I'll talk about that as we go along and you can Experiment by adding in the black and white, but for right now. We're gonna use these colors and we have three six We have eight colors I'm gonna arrange them on my table from sort of lightest like yellow Orange red. I'm gonna put the violet one the the blue green and Then the thalo blue the ultramarine blue and I'm gonna put the raw umber at the end so I've got This is the that's okay Cheryl This is the deco art traditions artist acrylic palette sampler set of paints I have more deco art traditions paints But I thought for this exercise if we limited sort of the color palette that would be better for you guys Then because I think I have like 20 colors. I think that would be too many So we're gonna start with Hansa yellow We've got raw sienna the napethol red the red violet the phthalo green Blue the phthalo blue Ultramarine blue and raw umber in that order and you notice I'm not complaining about my Picture being upside down because I think I figured out what I was doing wrong I'll show you what we're gonna do so we I can't so I know we have eight colors here So the first thing we need to do and this is a piece of hundred and forty pound watercolor paper Strathmore watercolor paper So the first thing we're gonna do is you're gonna get a ruler and a pencil and We're going to mark out a grid. That's eight squares by eight squares And I want to kind of try to center it in the paper Let's see The paper is nine nine by twelve so I'd like to do one inch squares one inch squares would be good So I'm going to do a go a half an inch up from each end And then we're gonna just make tick marks, you know, put a little Line have a have a eraser not too far away so you that you can erase when you make a mistake like I just did Okay, so one two three four five six seven eight Okay, now we need to do it this way And we have twelve So I want to do two inches in so one Two three four five six seven eight That'll work I'm gonna switch to this ruler just because I have it in its handy. This is a actually a quilting ruler from your fabric store Or your craft store if they have a fabric department going to first Mark out my half inch border Now the nice thing about this ruler is it has all these lines on it So you can really line it up with the edge of the paper so you can get a nice straight line the first time I'm just using a big market. You want to use a watercolor marker. I mean watercolor marker. Hello waterproof marker. I Did say I had all my coffee Doesn't seem to help them. Let's see Now these lines don't need to be perfect, but you know, I don't want them completely wonky either I'm gonna do the outside first and we're just we're making a grid right now You want a grid that's eight squares by eight squares.  I Missed that comment and I already messed up. I can tell you guys already, but that's okay. We're gonna work it into the Finish piece. Yeah, I already miss I already messed up, you know Maybe I ought to have an extra cup of coffee before I do these things It's okay. We'll make it work. It's a make it work moment, right? Maybe we'll use the extra space for Writing I hope you guys all had a fabulous weekend. I hope we had a nice quiet weekend We chose not to go anywhere or do anything for a change Which was very nice and I already have too many lines because I already messed it up, but that's all right We're gonna work it out. I'm gonna I have one of these it's longer I used to do as some of you may know a lot of sewing so I have a lot of these like Rulers and tool I love tools. So that's one thing when I got rid of some of my sewing stuff I didn't get rid of the tools. So however many colors you decide to do this with you want to make sure that you have At least when you do your grid, you have at least one square for each color At minimum. Yes, I love my Omni grid rulers, which is the brand of these plastic rulers And if you're into mixed media and art journaling making your own journals, these rulers are super handy. Good morning, Miko How are you? I am making a sort of color We're gonna make a color blending chart and I already messed up because these I have too many squares, you know Because I had two cups of coffee this morning. That wasn't quite enough and you know I can paint your pretty pictures, but math is not my strong suit. At least not anymore anyway. All right So now how many squares did we end up with now that I to screwed this up? Let's see One two three four five six seven eight nine ten see ten and I only have eight colors Oops That's okay because right here that's gonna actually come in handy Because we're gonna write the color names Here yeah, we're gonna do that So the first thing I'm gonna do is I'm gonna take the same marker and I'm gonna write my color names Since I have this extra row of squares Yeah, exactly for some info. So I'm gonna write in this extra row of squares. I'm gonna write the color names Okay, so we have Some of these words I have to look at them Yeah, see right? I have to look at them to see how to spell them This is a good exercise though in you know working with whatever happens in your artwork or on your art journal page things don't always turn out the way you have them pictured in your head and That's okay, you need to just figure out how to make it work. It doesn't mean it's wrong It's just different than what you thought it was going to be So put all your color names here And you can use any like I said any range of colors grab some craft paint from your stash If that's what you have and use that This is a basic exercise. It's not about having any particular color range of colors if you have Deco art Americana paints use those Whatever colors you may not have these exact colors and that's okay Okay, so the first thing we're gonna do is grab one of my brushes here. I'm gonna just use this filbert brush You know, I don't know you could put this in your art journal I can show you how to turn this into a journal page if you have a reference book you could do this Exercise in your reference book as part of your reference book as one of the exercises You could have a section in your reference book your supplies reference book. That's for exercises and experiments So I'm gonna squeeze out a little bit of each one of my colors on I have some wax paper here Nothing special. This is just dollar store wax paper Which is my favorite, you know disposable palette paper dollar store wax paper You can throw it away when you're done or you can Spread the paint out on it and use it as collage material in a mixed media page How's everybody liking the inspired by Van Gogh series the part three aired this morning? There is a part four that shows you how to finish and seal the piece Okay, so now the first thing we're gonna do is Put a swatch of each color in the box next to the name Then what you're gonna do is take the next box next to that name Put some of that yellow and then put some of this next color. That's below it. Ross. Yena mix it Just mix it right on the page about 50 50 See what kind of color that you get you could of course mix it on your palette paper Kind of rinse my brush off a bit And I'm gonna take the same lemon yellow in the next square And I'm gonna mix it with the red maple red right on the paper You go of course you could mix it over here and then put it on the paper, you know, whatever you Whatever works better for you Remember, I'm the lazy crafter. So, you know, and you're gonna do that all the way across I'm gonna finish doing my swatches here first You see here's the original Ross Yena compare do it mixed with the yellow the different color that it turns color blending yep So here is the nape fall red and you can see the difference between it and what it looks like when it's mixed with that yellow And you want to blend these all the way across just like with the watercolors. This is one of your basic This is like an acrylic basic You don't know what your materials can do if you don't play with them And you don't try and you don't do experiments like this Now what you could do at the end since we have this like extra or a squares is you could pick Um, oh, thank you. You could pick you could take the color and you could mix it with white And then also black in half of the color and see what happens And maybe we'll do that since we have that extra square So there's the phthalo blue No, these colors came in the deco art Palette sampler kit of their artist traditions paints. Um, this is the color Sampling that they send you and it's a set of 12 paints. These eight colors black white and two mediums You would want to probably for Experiment sake Pick a warm and cool of each one of your primaries at minimum. So you'd want a Um, a warmer and a cooler yellow a warmer and a cooler red a warmer and a cooler blue Um at minimum But you can do this kind of experiment with whatever colors you have If all you have are like neons and pastels because that's what you love I still recommend that you do this with those colors Okay, so going across on our yellow, we're going to take our yellow now and we're going to mix it with our red violet and I wouldn't do all these squares across in the yellow because you really want to Do this while the paint is wet And look what happens purple and yellow or some of those colors. You shouldn't mix unless you really want a brown tone But sometimes you want a brown tone So you want to know how to mix it and you want to know what color brown you're going to get So you see that red violet and the yellow made a brown So now we're going to do it with the phthalo blue green Try to rinse your brush off pretty well in between And i'm just doing about 50 50 now if you did this with You know more yellow than the green you would get a different color. So I do encourage you to you know Do a few of these charts So look what happens when you mix that So here's the original green blue and here's what when you mix it with the yellow So we're going to do this all the way across and i'm going to keep going These are acrylic paints. Yes You can do this kind of color experiment with acrylic paint with watercolor paint with um, of course if you work in oils You could do oil paint. I don't work in oils Let's see. I want the phthalo blue And and again, like I said, if you have a reference book, you know If you're part of journaling crazy island style last year, we did reference books at the end of the year and if you have a reference book I really um Recommend you, you know, probably doing this as part of your reference book I have it. Yeah, I have a big. Um, I have the golden Um color chart poster. I actually don't have room in it in my stu for it in my studio anymore Okay, so now we're going to do What's we were up to ultramarine excuse me ultramarine blue Yeah, erin, where do you keep your watercolor chart? It's a good question One of the things you learn by doing this exercise is what colors you don't like to mix I'm really like, oh, that's really an ugly color Okay, so there's our handsome yellow Mixed with all of the other colors we have on our palette paper, but we have this extra square So let's get some of the black and white Which I wasn't going to do this morning, but Subconsciously, I must have wanted to do it Yeah, I have so much paint that's never going to happen Thinking about purging some more paint.  I meant I did something to my iPad hang on I can't see what's going on Okay, there we go Yeah, yeah, yeah All right, so now let's take we have just a little bit of yellow left Let's not enough yellow. Let's get a little bit more yellow Yeah, my reference book I have is just um Can't as the um kanson xl mix media spiral bound I actually unbound a couple of of the pads And then did my sheets and then rebound it with binder rings So here I'm going to mix half of this with the white and you get this really pretty pale yellow And then I'm going to mix the other half with black And you get this really interesting yellowy black color I'm actually going to put a little more yellow in that. All right. So now now we should do the raw sienna So the raw sienna we're going to start with the handsome yellow So you don't don't start with the color that you have there As for blending because you already have that I'm I missed something. Yeah, sorry. What did I miss? I had some iPad issues because my rag hit the iPad So again, that's it mixed with the yellow Yes, so as my art improved has improved And I've it's not that I'm I'm weeding out lesser quality paints as much as I'm weeding out The paints that I initially bought That to try And now as my art has improved and I've gotten more experience. I've discovered I don't care working for Working with So I have some products that I just you know I you buy because when you're starting out you think you have to try everything And in a way you kind of do But Now that I have some more experience under my belt. I'm realizing, you know, I I tried it. I'm glad I tried it I don't like it and I have a few things in my studio stash that I've been Kind of reluctant about getting rid of but at the same time I'm not using them. I don't really care for them so I And there are some things I would like to have and or do like I want to take life book next year, so Oh, I think some things have to go now now here we have the red violet mixed with the yellow And mixed with the rossiana look at the two different colors that you got Yeah, pan pastels had to have them for me I know it's probably some kind of artistic sin, but intense blocks I like my intense pencils I'm not a big fan of the blocks. I gotta say So now we're going to do it with the green Yeah, I love my pencils. I just I'm not a big fan of the blocks and maybe it's just because they're A pain in the neck to use and again as I've said I'm the lazy crafter, so You know I don't know. There's just something about them. I'm not a big fan So there's the green the green blue mixed with lemon and mixed with rossiana Look at the two different colors that you get I have to stick my finger over here. I forget what color I'm on So I'm going to just keep going and I'm going to I'm going to keep blending and mixing and I'm going to keep looking at the screen And while I'm doing this, um, you know Shoot some questions at me Okay, again, look at those two different colors there So one of the reasons you want to do this is not only so that you know what colors mixed To get what other colors, but also so that when you need to mix a certain color for a certain Um Painting or piece of work that you are very comfortable with blending your colors together And and playing and experimenting and it doesn't scare you to have to say, you know blend a certain color to match You know, I don't know the red the red in the spreader Um, because you don't have that exact color red and I've taken classes where they've asked asked you to Uh, pick look at that creamy color that happened when I put that white in there Um, they've asked you to pick two items from around around you and then color match them By blending colors and so They're one of the most important tools Aaron. I totally agree with you You learn so much by sitting and playing with your supplies and blending your colors About what you can do and about what they can do Okay, so now we're going to do napsal red light and again when we do this we're going to skip over You know the You know like here I blended These with the napsal red um, you could you could actually do this so that you have a row of the Original colors down the side and across the top and so you have so you can meet them here And you can you know, you would have a handsome yellow here and then everything with raw umber You know going down this you could do that Color charts are not ever pointless not ever in a million years. I totally disagree with that They may they may be a little tedious You you can do it that way again, as I've said I'm the lazy crafter. So yeah, I don't usually do things that way I've I've done it where you have to mix it. You know, you should mix it on the paper. I'm just mixing it I mean on that palette. I'm mixing it right on the paper I'm doing one square at a time. The paint is wet. Uh, see I don't I totally disagree with that Public color paint color swatches may be a little tedious, but I think it's an important exercise and an important practice thing that you have to do to get better at art So this is the red mixed with um Rossiana I'll show you how to mix color tones. Um, everybody does it a little differently There's some michelle the burge on um, youtube has some really great videos on color mixing skin tones Okay, let's see where was I so we want to do red violet So here's our red and our red violet and look at the color that we get It's pretty dark reddish purple. Look at that I'm going to keep moving my finger because I'm trying to answer your questions And do this at the same time and I'm going to lose where I'm at So here's red and green and these are Normally two colors you don't put together because you're going to get black or brown But sometimes you want that neutral color and look at this dark interesting brownish black color that we get And wouldn't that be pretty In a painting as your neutral You know you need when you do a painting with lots of pops of bright color You need a neutral to make it to really offset it and make everything pop and look at that color Now when these dry before you forget what you've done you could put little notes right over the dry acrylic paint Again with your waterproof marker or any marker really once these are dry Just make sure it's dry completely And you it's a 50 50 blend and you could put what two colors Um, you know that you put in each square so that you remember Okay, where was I that was red and green oops See I forgot where I was at It will totally make your painting come to life. You need to have that in your paintings Then you need is you need neutrals to offset the bright colors Oh, I'm glad. Um, do you do periscope erin? Look at that dark purpley color reddish purpley blue It's pretty Doesn't show up so well on my drop paper because my drop paper is kind of an off white color But oh my first few pair of periscopes were not great Just FYI my first few YouTubes were not great, which is funny because some of those First few YouTubes get a lot of views Cracks me up. Okay, so now we're going to do Ultramarine blue and just like with the watercolor Wednesday experiments these these um Basics color blending this is really important if you want to you know get better at art Don't jump into just doing a painting you need to do these basics and you need to You can do all your colors. I chose to just do these sort of primary colors for this demo because my chart would end up being too big for the demo and we'd be on camera for too long But you can definitely do all your colors and I encourage you to do that And to make notes in the squares or to rearrange your chart so that you have a pure tint here and a pure tint across the top So you know which colors you've put in each square Yes, yes, I agree with you So now we're going to do our black and white Also doing a chart like this where you only use two colors and black and white And then you mix those two colors in various amounts By themselves and or with black and white to get different colors and see how many different shades of color you can get With a very limited palette and believe me you're going to get way more shades and tones of color Then you think you will And mixing your own neutrals and your own blacks and knowing how to do that by doing a chart like this um and using another Kind of a homemade neutral rather than black or white is a lot more interesting in your painting Than just plain old black. Okay, so this is the red violet Which is a little purpley and we're going to mix it with yellow, but it might turn a little bit brown See look at that Turned into almost a yellow ochre color, didn't it? But that's a real pretty color So now we're going to mix it with the raw sienna Again real pretty color. That's a nice Um reddish new it's kind of a neutral, but it's still kind of on the reddish side, but it's pretty I'm going to do it with the red This as usual this will be on periscope for 24 hours and after that it will be um on youtube Probably as a monday for deco art So probably i'll air it next week because it takes a little while to reformat these periscope videos To be something that is watchable on YouTube i'm going to mix it with green You're going to get a neutral you're going to get something that's you know pretty dark I'm going to add a little bit more of the because that wasn't quite 50 50 Editing so pain in the neck erin Just FYI it is not my favorite thing I'd rather clean the bathrooms, but it has to be done Okay, see where were we okay now i'm on phthalo blue um I did not go to school for art. I went to school for um Early child development of all things Um, I have done just about every job on the planet including um, I was a licensed dispensing optician for a long time um, I learned mostly by doing And practicing I have a few favorite teachers um in person and online one of them is Pauline Agnew And I learned a lot from her and her um sometimes teaching partner melinda kutsuna they're both um Fine artists and they do a lot with mark making and color blending um, let's see So I think i'm here So we've only gone about halfway and look at the different colors that we already have On our chart So many different colors and I haven't added any new bottles of paint. We're using the same palette of paints Doing okay.  So who knows what's gonna happen Yeah, exactly so I've only done half of it and look at the different colors that you have on here Now you definitely could do this as an art journal background. Let it dry and paint something over it um using your glazing fluid Which would turn the paint translucent And allow some of these colors and marks to show through that upper layer You definitely could do that um and then in that case what I would do since this background is so colorful Is I would limit your palette to maybe black and white For what you paint on top so that these pops of colors show through what you paint on top And that would be really really really cute thing to do I'm gonna do uh one or two more rows and um I encourage you guys to Keep going and get your whole chart filled in if you have any questions. I'm available all over social media um And and my facebook group life of art and self-expression you can go to facebook and look it up and um request to join And uh if you need any help with anything Yeah, you could do one that's on raw paper and one that's on gesso You also could take your little squares and put a strip of gesso Along one side and let it dry before you do this And that way you know what it looks like on raw paper and gesso Which is always a great idea So just keep going and keep playing and seeing you know what you can come up with how many different colors you can come up with and definitely think about um So I have a strip here. This is just plain. This is another piece of watercolor paper. So I want to show you one more thing before we go this morning. So if you have A palette of paint of paints And if you limit the palette to two colors plus black and white, so let's do red And The phthalo blue, which is the darker of the blues and then black and white So take a I'm going to take about 50 50 and mix them together And put them on my paper You get this really dark purpley blue color Then I'm going to take a little bit of my white And mix it in look what happens to the color They're the same colors. I haven't done anything Yeah Then I'm going to take it and I'm going to add some black Look at that charcoal gray that happens Then you can take it and you can take there's not much blue left over here But I can take the little bit that's there and add it to the red So we have mostly red with a little bit of blue. Look at that Completely different color than what we started with And again, you can add your white and then add a little bit of black And you get another gray color, but look at the different gray color And this is another good color blending exercise And again, this is another one that is really good to do Like you could do this on the back of a journal page and wouldn't that be cool or or use this Like this could be a bookmarker cut up for ATC cards or something Does anybody have any questions? So I want you to go out today.  You notice this one is warping a little bit But not a lot. Um mix media paper warps more and I like things to stay pretty flat You can do it on any paper. You can do it on cardstock. Whatever you have. Oh good carol. I'm glad I've got to practice cutting some more stencils today because somebody Asked me if I could do the flower in a three inch and I don't think it's gonna work well But I'm gonna give it a try and see what happens. I'm out of flowers. I've got to cut some more I've only got mistake cuts Or oops cuts Alrighty So go out and make some color charts with the paints that you have on whatever you have When I did my reference book. I use mix media paper. You definitely could do that You could use cardstock use what you have I have it's okay, Cheryl I have a lot of watercolor paper around my studio because I I like to paint in watercolors primarily So that's what I have but use whatever you have These are something to be used for reference and as a practice exercise. They're not meant to be a finished piece of art So use what you have I would just recommend that you start with a white base So if what you're using is not white then you probably want to make it white with some gesso Um Keeping in mind that how your colors look on top of gesso is going to be different than raw paper Um, I would recommend plain white raw paper And then if you want to you could take each square and you could put a little a little spot of gesso in each square And then do your color swatch over that and that'll tell you the difference between what it looks like on the paper and the gesso Yep, you can use acrylic paper if I mean I always wait I like again I like watercolor paper because that's what I primarily work in you can use acrylic paper Remember to use your coupons most of your big box arts and craft stores have apps The apps have coupons in them Um, usually 40 off. So use a coupon a lot of them will have paper sales And you know buy one pad straffmore especially has sales all the time buy one pad get one free so um I would recommend that I always wait until when I need paper I wait until there's a sale or I use a coupon. I never just go just buy paper without one of those To save some money We're all starving artists here. So, you know, you gotta save a couple bucks where you can I love coupons. I love my coupons on my smart smartphone especially because I'm never forgetting my coupons Which is a problem Doesn't help to have coupons if you can't remember to bring them with you to the store But hobby lobby has an app joanne's has an app michaels has an app Yep, that's the way to buy paper. Cheryl. That's I always buy paper when it's buy one get one free buy one get One 50 off if you have an erin brothers art and framing near you Um, they are a subsidiary of michaels and they frequently have like buy one paint brush get too free Buy one canvas get too free Um buy one pad of paper get too free something like that So if you're near an erin brothers art and framing Then I would recommend waiting for them to have a sale They also have coupons, but they don't have a an app. You have to go to their website and print the coupon um and it's erin a a r o n brothers So if you google that you should find their website And that's where I also stock up on like paid brushes because they have a really nice selection of fine art quality brushes as well as lesser expensive brushes And they always have a really good sale when they have a sale. It's a really good one anything else all right, so Um Yeah, see ac more. I know has coupons There's a lot of different, you know arts and craftsors around the country that aren't near me so If you have a particular Arts and crafts retailer near you look them up and see if they have an app or at least a printable coupon on their website A lot of them have both these days So I want you to go out and I want you to make your color charts and I want you to just play with your paints And look at right here all these different colors of neutrals that we got Yeah, some stores will take a paper coupon from another store, but they won't take the app coupon So you need to be aware of what the you know rules are for you when you're couponing If you've done any couponing before you need to read the rules and five fine print for that store and their coupon policies Believe me. They have them. I know it's yeah. Anyway, so read their coupon policies before you leave the house So you know what they are and you're prepared You may need a paper coupon But look at all these pretty neutrals we got that you could definitely use In conjunction with like a neon. So if you put Let's see So here's another americana paint.  That's the only way to learn what you like and what you don't like And um, you know after you've got a little experience under your belt and you've done a little playing You realize like me with my intense blocks that I think I'm gonna have to put up for sale because I don't really care for them Um, the things that you like and the things that you don't you can purge them Pass them on to another artist who's just starting out. You can sell them on art supply hoarders on facebook. Um Anything like that so go out and have a great day everybody do something nice for yourself play with your paints And I'll see you all later. I'll be here wednesday 10 a.m for um watercolor wednesday and we are going to do a watercolor fish And play with some background textures and some more basics you're welcome I'll see you all later. Bye