Hello everybody, glad you could make it. So as you see there, the title revolutionary thinking changed the impact of social media. Welcome to a whistle stop tour of Who Knows Where. So a couple of things at the very beginning as I start to talk as we move through the slides. Something I do with all my students in the classroom, just be present, don't lurk or turn your screen off. Hopefully the phones won't go off in the background, which is good. If I ask you to participate, by all means feel free to do that, but just be mindful of people communicating and having their opportunity to speak. And on that note, I'm just going to move on. So ladies and gents, this is an online session. It's about the way you think. So one of the first things I'm going to do, the next slide I put up, you have two minutes, ladies and gentlemen, to answer the nine questions. The slide will roll over after two minutes. So you have two minutes with which to answer these nine questions. Here we go. How we doing? Just over a minute. You have about 30 seconds left. 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. That's just about swap over now because that's been two minutes. So let's just address the thing in the ring. Feel free to speak up and participate. Do they have a 4th of July in Scotland, Chloe? Yes. Of course they do. Of course they do. Exactly. So let's have a look who we've got. So some months have 31 days, some have 30 days, but how many months have 28 days? Blake? All of them. Absolutely all of them. Well done. If you had one match and then to the dark room where there was no lamp and oil heat and some kindling wood, which would you like first, Chris? The match? The match, absolutely. You're going to like the match. If the doctor gave you three pills and asked you to take one every half an hour, how long would the pills last? Laura, number two. It would last an hour because you take one, 30 minutes, take another one, another 30 minutes, take the third one. So it would last an hour. Can a farmer have 17 sheep and all but nine die? How many is the farmer left? I put eight and that's the last one I got too. Lots of people just think about nine minus 17 is eight, but actually all but nine die. So technically it's nine. But we don't see what we do with the dead ones. If we said 17, two, we could also win that one. So a man built a house with four sides, it is rectangular with all sides facing south. Along walks of bear, what colour is it? Well done, Chris. White. Awesome. It's because the only place you can build a house where all four sides face south is the North Pole. If you take two apples away from three apples, how many do you have? Two. Well done, Chris. I guess you've done this before. How many of each species did Moses take on to the ark? None because it was never well done for. Awesome stuff. And then if you drove a bus with 42 people from London and stopped at 15 to pick up seven more and drop off five passengers, then drove to pick up three more and drop off seven, then arrived in Edinburgh to drop off 16, all journey took six hours, 54 minutes. What was the name of the driver? Chloe? Jason. Chloe. You drove the bus. So if you drove the bus, it would be you, your name. Thank you very much. Chloe. Awesome. So it's one of my favourite eyesbreakers because it really does just do exactly as it says on the tin. It breaks the eyes. So here we go. What are we here for?  Consider your roles in your life journey. So what is it you're actually doing? Where are you? Consider being revolutionary. Cover what that means in a minute. Think about the processes of change. Think about your need for connection. And how is AI going to affect you now and in the future? So some topics to think about there as we go through. So what is revolutionary thinking? So has anybody told me who that is? Feel free to contribute in the chat. Einstein, absolutely. So why is he a revolutionary thinking? Because he then got kicked out of school for daydreaming. And the fear fact that he had an imagination meant that he could imagine relativity and therefore it gave him a way to think about a concept that was so unusual to others. What about this fella? Picasso. Well done Chris. Yeah, absolutely. Now this fella, artist, everybody knows, famous artist, but most of his paintings during the cubist period, where it was all sort of very square, were mathematically accurate. So more than just an artist, one might say, also very clever in other ways. What about this chap? Lots of people were confused about this fella. Any ideas Chloe? I'm sitting there thinking, what does so-and-so look like? And what does so-and-so look like? OK, no, this is Lewis Carroll, the guy that wrote Alice in Wonderland. He also wrote one of the most obscure poems in the English language called Jabberwocky. But he taught mathematics at Cambridge. So revolutionary thinking means we start using every part of that grey noggin we have inside our school. And what about this fella? Last but not least. Anybody tell me who that is? Well done Chris. Yeah, Leonardo da Vinci. So he painted the Mona Lisa, an artist, but also an engineer in his later drawings when it was found through all his records. He'd actually got the first design of a man-powered helicopter or a flying device. So revolutionary thinking is really about being able to use all of our mental capacity. It's about thinking differently about what we do and how we interact with where we are and what we're doing. So things that are current issues within education think differently about mobile phone use. There's a current hot topic perhaps. Sometimes professionalism require the staff. There's another stove point thinking won't get us anywhere. We need to think differently about how we interact with our environment and how things move on. So I started to think about who I was. So predominantly I would call myself a knowledge seeker. And over time, as I've gone through life, I think that question for knowledge has led me to be other things. So in some parts I've been an engineer because that's what I learned to do when I left school. I joined the ministry in the Air Force as an engineer at Fixing Airplanes. People person because I love this whole interaction dynamic with people. Teacher because that's again what I've done in my business as an ethnic lecturer. And a professional person because as a teacher you're respected as a professional person to absolutely just be that person that people will go to and trust. Student. So finished my first degree in education professional development. I'm halfway through a master's in psychology. Always learning, always looking for things, kind of an obvious one. And then activist, sorry, researcher. So I'm getting ahead of myself because I'm reading my name. So researcher, so knowledge if something catches my ideas. I have this horrible habit of going down rabbit hole sometimes just trying to find out the truths of things because I like it in philosophy too. Activist as you will see from one of the slides that comes up. I started a Twitter chat called Rev Evolution to discuss those revolutionary ideas in education. I started it with a young lady called Jennifer Lindsdale. And who knows in the future I might restart it. I think because there are certainly topics around now in the education piece that people need to talk about. And then finally, but no being by no means least creator and innovator. So creative thinking about things that I can do. You can see from some of the slide backgrounds and things like that. I like to create things that are visually impactful and innovative because I like being able to embrace technology. I like being able to utilize all of my skills with the advent of technology to bring innovative teaching to a classroom. I wonder where you are on your journey, whether you consider you're in that same space. So it might be worth maybe when you get a minute spending some time to think about the roles that you've fulfilled in your life and how you want to be. So moving that on as an agent to change, Rev Evolution, born out of a conversation that took place after one of these sort of login events with an amplifier theme. My co-creator and I saw things the same way. We wanted to raise issues we thought were important in the education. At the time, we actually thought that the UK in itself missed the once in a generational opportunity to change the educational landscape for the better for good. And I still believe that we did miss that opportunity. But being a rebel or revolutionary also means it gave me a voice within the education community to talk about educational reform and radicality. It needs to change. Education has far too long been about doing something to the poor so the wealthy get the best of everything and that needs to change. We all need to be an agent to change perhaps. And I would argue on Revolution, somebody put this on Twitter and I thought it was brilliant for the life of me. I can't remember who it was. Revolution is a rebellious act, punching holes through time and space to find like-minded souls, finding friends of all different ages who question the world like you do. I think even Chloe would back me up and say, you know what, that's exactly what Twitter chats do. We reach out into the ethereal space, connect with people who are like-minded to find that we have something in common and share that expertise around the educational piece. So talking about change, is there a good time to do it? When should we do it? So this is a picture of a neuron in your brain. And that bright light shows that neuron connecting a fire in a synapse and connecting to another one. This is why learning is hard. This is why change is difficult because actually things have to change inside our head. But it's not necessarily so much of a bad thing if we're ready for it. What we have to think about is when we do it. So this is called a sigmoid curve. As you can see, there are different phases as we move around this thing. But actually what we need to be doing is we need to be looking at, whoops a daisy, my apologies, my pen has decided that it's mightier than the sword. So this is the bit where we need to change. So that the curve goes all the way up, not over the top on careers downhill. So the change needs to occur here. The change needs to happen here so that we keep going in this same direction and keep getting better. Rather than roll over the top, career downhill and go through another dip and another development slide. So when do we need to change? We need to change when things are going really, really well and be open to that to grow. So are you connected? Great question. I wonder what you think I mean by that. So Kenneth Gurgan wrote about the saturated self. What he means by that is the world is ever shrinking. And as you can see from this, if you just think about the number of things that we're all connected to these days, it's amazing that we hold in our hands a simple computer, but it allows us to connect with anybody around the world at any given point of time. And in his book, he talks about how the world shrank for him. It became less about letters and content and having some pause or some time to think. Now, because we're all connected via this interconnected world that people are driving at, we seem to have less and less time. You know, we seem to have less and less time to pause and think and maybe just think about where we're at and what we're doing. So a question to you is perhaps as an exercise move forward to think about how you too are connected. And so this is a blank slide on purpose because what I'm about to do is I'm about to draw a grid. And what I'd like you to do is perhaps think about drawing this grid for yourselves when you get an opportunity because I'm running out of time, I think. So what this is about is how you're affected by what you're connected to. So here at the top, this would be individual. I'm thinking my Android now apologise, that's awful, individual. At the bottom is your organisation. Over here we have for our consumption. And the upper part. Consumption spoke correctly. Consumption and here coming down the way we have broadcast those things. We want to shout about how we connected. And then at the other end we have engagement. What are the things that we engage with to create discussions or context or context. So, for example, if I was thinking about how I'm connected for my individual consumption, one of the first things I put is LinkedIn because I'm connected to LinkedIn. I'm also connected to Twitter, WhatsApp broadcast for work outlook. Teams, Facebook, that's another thing that people do. So, you know, how does this work for you? Some of these might actually step across. So LinkedIn might also be over here because it connects you to other things, Twitter and WhatsApp too. So how are you connected? How does this space? How do you consume your social media? What are the things that you use to shout about throughout your organisation or make your voice heard? And then how do you contextualise some of that with the things that you do? You know, one of those might down here might be share points or organisational share points. How do you think you stick these together? This was something I found really helpful and it's not until you sit and pause and take a moment to think that you actually realise just how many things you're actually connected to and how that works. That's just a very, very quick illustration, but I could recommend it might be something worth doing for you in the future. Sit with an A4 page or even if you have that many connections, maybe an A3 page, create the grid and just do some moments to think about just what it means to be connected for you and how that works. So I've now got a quiz to prove just how connected you are. So what I'm looking to do here is I'm looking to put things on the page that have two meanings. So ideally, if you have microphones, it's easier to shout out the answers and we'll get through it quite quickly rather than chat. So I'm more than happy for people to shout the answers out as you see them and we'll just work through. So for example, I'll give you the first one, the first one, Apple and Angry Birds. OK, so you're going to see more symbols like that. And what I'd like to do is find out just how connected you really are and see how many you can actually get. So feel free, please, to shout out the answer and we'll just move through them as we go so that we can cover the content in the required amount of time and I can finish it clearly. Everybody can be happy. So here we go. What's the next one? What have we got? And so there are two. Android is one. What's the other one? Disney. Disney, well done. Facebook and Domino's. Facebook and Domino's. Starbucks and, yeah. Starbucks and Google Chrome. Google Chrome, yeah. What about this one? Nike and... NASA. NASA, well done. Nike and NASA, yeah, absolutely. Well done. Twitter and Nissan. Close but no cigar. Skoda. Twitter and Skoda. What about this one? Well done. What's that? Spotify. What's that? Yeah. Yeah, what's that one? Spotify. Spotify, well done. Pepsi. Yep. And this one catches a lot of people out of Fairtrade. Put Pepsi in Fairtrade. Apple and Windows. Fairtrade. So this one? Apple and Windows. Microsoft. Apple and Microsoft. Windows. Firefox. Yeah, Firefox. And... Is that Sonic? Yeah. Yeah. Oh, VW. No. No? Mm-hmm. Looks like VW and... Oh, yeah. VW is VW. My apologies. This is VW. And... Mazda? Mazda. Well done. Now we're cooking. Lagerbyn McDonald's. Well done. Lagerbyn McDonald's. WWF and HMV. HMV. Well done. HMV. Yes, absolutely. Toblerone and Paramount. Well done. Yes, Toblerone. That's the one people missed. Toblerone and Paramount. Well done. We can see some people. HHBC. Yeah. Ghostbusters and HHBC. Not that we're going to ghost you down to count at all, but... Oh, yellow pages in the A.A.? Yellow pages is one. What's the other one? The little pages from Snapchat on the top. We've got Snapchat and yellow pages. This one. LG. MSaiders. Well done LG MSaiders. And the last one. Oh, Wikipedia. Absolutely smashed it. It just shows how connected we all are in the world. So if you're getting all of that, then that's other connections that you're making. So you can see quite well connected. So the power of social media to connect people is absolutely amazing. I would have been on my knees if it hadn't been for Twitter for me. Because joining the edgy Twitter community meant so much to me. It actually saved my bacon over lockdown. But as you can see, there's a few there. Just WhatsApp, Instagram, Twitter, TikTok, Snapchat. I've tried Snapchat, not a fan. Don't do TikTok because it links to Chinese intelligence. WhatsApp or Instagram. Instagram I tried, but really not my cup of tea. But Twitter, I've definitely found a home. So, you know, power of social media has recently been proven by many campaigns require a voice. Allows them minnows to raise the game and to stick their heads above the parapet. And it allows society to come together and to bring like-minded professionals together. So I talk about education as a piece because that's where we are to make a difference and to stand together. And I as a member of the edgy Twitter community, as Chloe will tell you with my comment about FB being the super humans of the educational community. We stand together when we talk about that kind of piece through the application of the Twitter chat. It's really, really good. So very, very quickly because we are kind of type of time.  So how do we use it effectively? What we do is we make the students understand the need for critical thinking skills and problem solving rather than allow them to think about, oh, I can just use it to cheat, chat, to cheat GPT or a little work, did all of that. Actually no, what we really need to do is think about how we're allowing them to engage and foster that engagement with it so they can understand the need for critical thinking skills and problem solving as an assistant rather than otherwise. My brother has a natural aversion to computers. He has this terminator fantasy that some robot is going to come turn up and kill him. Felly, mae'r sgwpeth yn ei wneud. Felly, yna, yna, yw'n gweithio, ac mae'n ddim yn ymgyrch yn ei wneud, mae'n bwysig o'r byw i'r bwysig o'r gweithio. Mae'r lleidio'n... Felly, rwy'n cael ei wneud y ffianfa i'r ffilm i roi, ond ASEMF, ASEC ASEMF, roi'r llwy, roi'r llwy o roi'r ffianfa. Mae'r llwy o'r llwy o'r ffianfa i'r llwy o'r llwy o roi, gyda i chi'n ddweud i'r parwysgol o feiddiol. So byddwch yn gallu yn reddiol o obi yn myfaf y rhyw iawn i'ch arfermwyng gyda'r rhywun.. felly fel byddai'r rhai ddweud i mewn ddoent, yn ddullus i ddinstrydd. Mae'r cyhoedd iawn i'r parwysgol yw'r societiaeth ac人ol nawr yn respiratory ailydd ar amlwgiaeth EI. Mae'n rhai ddiwn i EI, Llywodraeth arall oedd ydw i'r provider a'r amlwg exitol yn yr argyrchu mae'n rhai iawn i'r YI iawn i greu, fel y mor fras enhanced i gael gyda'i iawn, osti i ddwygen arweig. Dwi'n meddwl ychydig yn rhoi'r cyffredig er oeddu y cerdd. Dyna'r aelod ni yn chweithio bod yn eisteddfod gyda'r cyffredig cyffredig, ond rwy'n meddwl yw'r cyffredig llaw yn ei gweithio. Mae'r cerdd yn rhoi'r cyffredig eithaf fel y cerdd yn rhoi a rhaid i wedi'u comea yw eu cyffredig taeth y cyffredig gyda'u cyffredig a'u cyffredig. ... to embrace it or ignore it? I think we pass for not to embrace it ... because in my experience if you don't embrace it ... you end up falling behind or being left behind ... so unfortunately I don't think you can leave it to be ignored. Then as I've mentioned already... ..critical skills that we need to impart to students ... about its use. So that's about engaging with students about the use of them... and not but just simply being able to .. ac nid o'r ddweud yw'r cyfnod, i'w hyfforddiadau allanau i ddweud y gallu gwneud i'r ddweud. Fodd y gallu gwneud i ddweud, yna yna y cwestiynau bod ydych chi'n gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio, yn ymgyrchafol ei'r ddweud hynny, a fyddwn i'r ddweud ei'r ddweud. Mae'r gyfrifeddau yn y ddweud i'r ddweud, dwi'n dechrau, oherwydd mae'n ddweud, mae'n ddweud ei'r ddweud i'r ddweud i'r ddweud, rydych chi'n gweithio fe, ond mae'n fyddai'n ffordd arall, ond mae'n meddwl y sgol yn y bwrdd. Mae'n meddwl fod y brifysgol, yn ymdweithio, yn ymdweithio'r ymdweithio ddau i gael eu pwysigol a'i'n gweithio'n meddwl yma, mae'n fyddai'n gweithio'n meddwl o'r ffordd a'r hyn ymdweithio'n meddwl a'n gweithio'n meddwl i'n meddwl o'r hyn o'r ymdweithio'n meddwl. Felly cyntaf am gwybod ddim yn meddwl i wneud â'r ymgyrchu. Dyna mynd i'r gael ddim yn ymgyrchu. Ond rwyf amwysgai gydag i ddim yn anthefnwyr, phobl yn ysgol iawn. Mae'r gyfan yn ddweud hefyd yn eich casgliad caiff erbyn o bryd. A'r manual yn ymgyrchu, mae'n fysgar i'r hoff i ddim yn maith o ddweud? Erbyn i'r hoff i ddweud? Mae'n gweithio'r awnod, sy'n dduf yn cael eu mynd i'ch unedol.raidiau chi wedi unrhyw y gwirionedd, rwyf yn ei ch expenditureio'r gweithio arnyn nhw'n gweithio'n twffwn, wedi'u gwirionedd o'r bwysig o'rolaeth yn ennerion ar gweithio'r sutimage. Mae i gyd yn ymgyrch yn yr edrych yn y sydd wedi'i'n ddiweddio arbennigau dystodwyr, gydymaen nhw el-darchanwch arnal o'r llyngrau maen nhw i'r llaw dda mid-feydd. Yma oedd o'r llaw dda yn ganlu a adroddiad yn y cyn agaf. We're no longer the oppressed as free air, might say. We are rising to realise our own futures and those of our children and theirs. So consider being revolutionary. Stand up to things that you don't think are right. Maybe through the power of that social media we can create a campaign to be heard and have a voice and make a difference. Think about the processes of change. Changing things are good when it's easy because that makes the change process much easier rather than doing the difficult thing in the hard yards when we're in the decline bit. It's not really such a great idea. The need for connection. Well, these things are only going to get more capable and we are only going to have more need of it. Linda Gratton wrote a book called The Shift. The future of work is already here. I know of a professor, a surgeon in the Royal Barth Hospital. He's a heart surgeon who does operations with Snapchat and Facebook. He's had avatars next to him who are specialists in their fields whilst he's doing operations to be able to do it. So he's had his Snapchat goggles on doing operations. The guy is absolutely amazing following lots on Twitter as well because he's just a really, really nice bloke, met him too. And then I've got you to think about, albeit very briefly, with my statements about how he's going to affect you now and in the future. That's kind of where we've gone in our whistle stop tour. For me, it's always been about the supreme out of the teacher to awaken joy and creative expression and knowledge. But as Einstein says, I have no special talents. I am only passionately curious and will remain so. Are there any questions, ladies and gentlemen? Maybe Chloe might allow a few minutes for questions if you have any because that was really him whistle stop tour. I hope you enjoyed that. Thank you, Arlene. Appreciate that. Thank you very much. I look forward to watching it in the out of fire space on YouTube again. Let's see what I went horribly wrong. Thank you all for coming.


Aloha. I'm Dan Lee. If I go by Fig, welcome to Figments On Reality, a bi-weekly show where I talk about issues of the day and there's no hotter topic than the one we're going to talk about. Many facets of failure in Afghanistan. It's a tragic few days, actually a tragic 20-plus years in Afghanistan. And there's plenty of blame to go around. I'll do my very best and I think I'll succeed at living by the mantra of the show and being apolitical and avoiding vitriol. I can be non-political in this discussion because there's plain across any aisle there might be in our political landscape and it's not one or the other, but it's 20 years of American failure. And I want to talk about the causes of that failure as I judge it and the costs of the failure in human and material sense and what I think our lessons ought to be. And I'm sure there'll be some disagreement or I no doubt always is. I invite you to drop me a note at info at phase-1.com. Ensure your thoughts or find me on Facebook or do whatever. Just don't come to the house, okay, because I'd better not meet that way. But I'm willing to have a discussion and in addition to being constrained by not always being right, I only have about 28 minutes and this topic will merit many doctoral dissertations in years of research. Furthermore, President Biden may be addressing the nation as we speak. We forget to de-conflict our time slots, so I'm doing it without reference to what he's saying. And I don't think that matters, not that what he says won't matter, but because I'm taking a broader view of it. Now some of you, if I can judge from the vitriol that is present on Facebook and in various other media, would like me to lambaste one or another political figure about their failings in regard to Afghanistan. And as you look at these four presidents, you're going to be disappointed. I'm not going to attack anyone personally. That's not my intent. The shared characteristic that those four presidents have is over 20 years they all failed. They all failed. This outcome is an abject failure and they all bear responsibility. And you could also submit the predecessors, not just President Clinton, but beyond that have some responsibility for where we are today, August 2021. So that's not where I want to go. I understand that they were making difficult decisions in tough times. That's an observation, not an excuse. Life is hard wars, really hard pieces, perhaps the hardest. And I do acknowledge that their subsequent decisions were always constrained by preceding events and preceding decisions. So again, not an excuse. It's a reality and we are where we are. My perspective, my personal perspective as I consider this, comes from my 33 years in the Air Force and the United States Air Force, but also from the fact that I was in the Pentagon on September 11th, 2001, approximately across from the point of impact and down on a lower level, the mezzanine level in the Air Force ops center on the day of the attack. And I subsequently deployed briefly for Operation Enduring Freedom Afghanistan to help assist in time critical targeting, sensitive targeting. I was one star and had recent combat experience that was relevant to this. And then I deployed for several months in the early part of 2003 for the invasion of Iraq. And in that case, I was the senior Air Force representative to the land forces commander, General David McKiernan. So that's my perspective. It does make me right, but at least it's not totally informed. So what happened here?  How did we get here? I think there's a single word that really captures our failings. And it's a word I like to consider because it's meaningful and important. That word is hubris. Hubris takes some time to read that folks exaggerated pride or self-confidence. We all have some pride and we can easily get overconfident. I'm prone to that everywhere except the Gulf, of course. But it comes from ancient Greece. And I think the three highlighted areas are what we saw and what we're seeing. It's a dangerous character flaw. And it can provoke the wrath of gods. And we're kind of seeing that not in a ethereal sense, but this outcome is so tragic that it's the fitting punishment for hubris. And hopefully the offenders in our nation will be humbled by the mistakes, learn from them, and do better in the future. The hubris that I'm talking about goes across political and military boundaries, thinking we could win in response to the attacks on 9-11 without doing a very good job of defining what winning was. And more importantly in my mind, failing to do the moral math. And I believe that's become a characteristic of modern warfare, especially as it gets more remote with the use of drones, remotely, remote vehicles where war can be waged to some degree without risk and without moral consequences to our side. We have lost sight of the fact that the first calculation should be what's right and what's wrong. And that is in a religious calculation. What's right and what's wrong? What's the cost in human life? And not just the life to friendly force, cost of life to friendly forces. I heard a couple times, military leaders, U.S. military leaders say in a couple of conflicts, there isn't a target in, name a country, worth a single American life. I'm still stunned by that. How can something be worth, how can an objective be worth killing for if it's not worth dying for? To me that moral math does not work. Now, I'm not advocating throwing bodies at a problem and intentionally seeking an opportunity to suffer casualties. But morally, if it's not worth dying for, I don't see how it can be worth killing for. And that applies to all lives, friendly forces, the innocents, if you will, and the adversaries. Now, I know that some of the people that I killed during the war in coastal operations, how I enforced, were committing war crimes because I saw them do it. They're still human beings. And the taking of human beings, regardless of the circumstances, should be a matter that requires a great deal of deliberation and a consideration of the moral equation. I don't regret what I did, but I do recognize that I took human life. Additionally, we have got to consider in our moral math, the aftermath. This is what's starting now. Today and the last few days in Afghanistan are not an end. The U.S. withdrawal is not an end. It's a continuation of the turmoil and, in fact, a beginning of a very dark period in the future of Afghanistan. And we bear responsibility. We broke it. We haven't fixed it. And it's not just the U.S. And I'm not America bashing here. I served my country for 33 years in uniform, five years as a Department of Defense and Senior Civilian. But we have to do better. And we have to accept responsibility. So I think this hubris and failure to consider the moral consequences of our efforts in Afghanistan were a big part of the 20-year failure. I also think that a real challenge or problem mistake was our mission, the andering. What was the mission in Afghanistan? I was in the Pentagon, as I said, on September 11, 2001. In fact, was the crisis action team director for the Air Force on that night. And I believe that night we were already talking about our response measures. We're already looking for forces and ways to attack the Taliban and al-Qaeda, mostly al-Qaeda, in Afghanistan. They've not, certainly, within days of that. But to what end? And the slide you showed some of the missions we had, could have had, might have had. So I'd like to bring that back up. Yeah. Was it revan your retribution? Was it deterring terrorist attack from any number of transnational terrorist groups? Was it specifically the disabling and destruction of the al-Qaeda apparatus? Was it nation building? Or was it simply to find a way out? Well, in fact, I think at times it was all of those, all of those missions. And we never clearly had a mission focal point that we stuck to that allowed us to set the conditions for a victorious exit, if you will. And I don't mean victorious in a parade high five mission accomplished since I mean in defining what our objectives were, scoping the effort accordingly and knowing when to finish. We didn't do that. By the way, I think all of those missions can be legitimate, could have been legitimate, except the revenge and retribution. And again, in a moral math term, I and I, for I in this case, I don't, that's not the way of thing. Operationally, we meandered around as well. And I saw that from afar, was not involved directly in that effort, though I wasn't or I couldn't. Originally, it was largely a CIA special operations effort to find high-value targets and when it were possible, neutralize them, sometimes kill them. That means folks just did not sugar coat it. And sometimes to identify potential allies or co-conspirators, however you want to turn it. And certainly a big part of it was the hunt for Osama bin Laden, which took much longer. And the second element of the initial effort was a bomber offensive, an air power offensive against the Taliban and al-Qaeda in the field in Afghanistan. And I just submit that that was very effective and very much undervalued by some of the operational leaders. And again, I'm not criticizing. I was not in their shoes. I might have made the same mistakes. I would hope not. But I do think with my bias as an airman, that bomber effort was very undervalued because it was uniquely effective. The Soviets had used helicopters and fixed wing airplanes against the Taliban, then known as the Mujahuddin in Afghanistan and failed, but they didn't have a key element that we did, the U.S. Air Force did. And that was mass precision because we put B-52 and B-1 bombers against their deployed forces in trenches and caves and hiding spots and were exponentially more effective against them than the Soviet Union had been. And that was undervalued. Why was it undervalued? Because as it became a more traditional conflict, as we got out of the initial holy cow, how do we respond to this? It fell into the traditional command and control structure under U.S. Central Command, which was led by an army officer. Now, I served with our army many times over my career. As I said, I was the senior airman with General McKernan, great general in my mind, just put a plug in there. And I even taught at the Army Command and General Staff College for a couple of years after graduating from that school. We have the best army in the world. They're extraordinarily effective, but they understandably, army senior leaders are products of their upbringing and their environment. And they take a land-centric army approach. In this case, the commander was not just an army officer, but an artillery officer. Again, I'm not criticizing all my friends who are red legs as artillery officers are called. I'm just saying that that's a particular view in bias. And because of that, the effort in Afghanistan morphed into a more traditional land-centric approach in a land that was horribly ill-suited to that. And that didn't work clearly, as we see now. It was the efforts are muddled and meandering. It was conflated with Iraq. And frankly, in my view, as somebody who was looking at both conflicts in Pentagon and then involved in Iraq, it was subordinated to the efforts in Iraq. And so you have one officer in charge of both efforts initially, and we kind of meandered around for a couple of years. And then we went more into, and I'm not giving the specifics of timelines here, because I don't have the time or the resources to do that with any specificity. But then we went into special operations, get out amongst the population, dispersed as it is in Afghanistan, broadly dispersed and difficult terrain. And that in turn morphed following some initial success in Iraq into nation building. And I can't help but sigh when I think about nation building in Afghanistan. And what a folly that should obviously have been to people. There had been success in Iraq. We had done well early militarily. And then we had the purple thumbs, the initial voting, and things that looked like they might serve well. And the counterinsurgency community tended to say, well, that's what we need to do in Afghanistan. I said then, I can't prove it, but maybe somebody who's watching this will recall that I said then, this is crazy. Why is it crazy? If you compare Iraq and Afghanistan on any measure, they don't. They're fundamentally different. In fact, I would say Afghanistan is quite unique. But if you look at arable land, agriculture, electrification, road networks, population density, education, literacy, life expectancy, tribal divisions, anything. There's a reason Afghanistan has been the graveyard of conquerors for centuries. And that nothing changed that. September 11th didn't change that. Modern warfare didn't change that. It's the way it is. And to pursue it in Afghanistan turned out to be folly. And then subsequently, I do believe that for many years, her finding a way out has been our mission. That's no way to win a war. How do you win finding a way out? And how do you have any control over the aftermath? As we can see, we have no control over the aftermath. Right now it's chaos. The tragic chaos. I'd also submit that any effort that was in Afghanistan because of its unique geography, topography, demography, everything about it that was built upon boots on the ground was folly. Now, I know that some of my great army friends are going to unfriend me on Facebook and maybe send me an angry email. But it's on the ground to have a place in conflicts. And this simply wasn't one of them. For one thing, all the unique facets of Afghanistan, the history that we should have learned from, and then the cost. Boots on the ground in a country like Afghanistan is extraordinarily expensive. I wonder what we might have done with that. So let me talk about the costs now and remind you that this is a beginning, not an end. And we can't calculate the costs yet because there are second order effects that are going to be tragic and expensive in many forms of currency, I think. The second order effects are what happens after you do something and every consequence has its own consequence and sometimes has there in this case, they're anti-theatical to what you were trying to achieve. Clearly, what we're seeing with the reemergence of Taliban is the ruling body in Afghanistan and all of the subsequent effects of that weren't what we set out to do. In fact, they were anti-theatical to what we're going to do. Let's cut that cost in lives and the quality of life of the Afghan people is incalculable. But what were the other costs? I don't have accurate data because as far as I can tell all the data I find very so widely that I don't think anybody does. But here's what I think I can say with reasonable certainty of being correct. We lost about 3,000 Americans since September 1. Subsequently, about 3,000 coalition forces died. Many more were injured, cost of life, and then 3,000. Certainly tragic on the scale of other conflicts, not very large, but over 100,000 Afghans and security forces and civilians were killed and perhaps that many, maybe half-precorders as many Taliban and foreign fighters. Almost 200,000. That's a pretty big human cost if you value human life regardless of its origin or orientation. I do. The sucking chest wound to the U.S. budget is incredible. I can't find an accurate estimate. I think from everything that I read, I would say that $2 trillion is a low estimate, $2 trillion dollars. That's 12 zeros, folks. For a war we didn't win. For a war that had no clearly stated objectives. For a war that inflicted tragedy upon Afghanistan. Unbelievable. That's an unbelievable number. The reason there aren't good accurate estimates is because it's hard to calculate the interest on the debt that will compound over time and on the national debt and the cost of the long-term care for veterans. Unbelievable. There's another fiscal cost that I haven't heard mentioned much and that is the shift in procurement priorities for Iraq and Afghanistan. It was both wars, not just Afghanistan. That diverted defense, increased the budget, but at the same time drained funding from capabilities that we think we pretty much need now as we look to counter and deter the rising and increasingly assertive, I'd say, aggressive China. Okay. For example, we took the MRAP in a five-year program. We bought 12,000 MRAPs, mine, reinforced armor, something. It's a truck. It's a big truck. You may see one because your police force might have one because the army doesn't need them anymore. They were short-term fixed to a problem we made long-term that has no outcome, no victory. Those were incredibly expensive, $500,000 a piece. Now they're going to police departments. Even a school district bought one as a police vehicle. That's money that could have gone into a couple. Let me give you a couple options for money that we spent on boots on the ground and the subsequent new equipment for these boots on the ground. One is, how about some intelligence surveillance reconnaissance capabilities because we're really good at that. We did suffer an intelligence failure on September 11th, but we're really good at that. So suppose we took, let's say, half of what we invested in a conventional approach to warfighting and put it into intelligence surveillance reconnaissance and being able to rapidly respond to any reemergence of al-Qaeda in Afghanistan. And instead of the 20-year effort that had gone in in early, late 2001 and early 2002, as we did, significantly impacted those forces, the enemy, and left with a message that we're going to be watching very closely. We're going to invest and watch you very closely. And if need be, we'll be back quickly and violent. I'm certain that would have been cheaper, briefer, and more effective. So suppose we had done that. Suppose we had invested in our long-term capabilities instead of a long-term war with no outcome. So the real consequence, the cost, isn't about lives lost now. It's not about the fiscal impact. And it's not about the future of the U.S. military, which I do care about. But what bothers me most is the long-term cost to the people of Afghanistan. And I found this photo during my web sniffing. I don't know what year it's taken. It's in Afghanistan, mother and children. That's our future, folks, because of our failure. That's the future of Afghanistan. We should all be haunted by that. We should all acknowledge that the United States failed. Republicans didn't fail. Democrats didn't fail. No single service failed. As a nation, we failed. And we can't let it happen again. So what do we do about that? I'm sorry, folks. There's no happy ending to this story. I don't have an upbeat closure on this episode in the remaining few minutes. I offer, here's what we should do, instead of my usual, what would they do? I think this is what we as Americans need to do. First is, regardless of upbeat messages, we ought to take no solace in successful evacuation of the embassy and rescuing translators or other Afghans from their country. There's nothing good about this. The tragedy is so broad and so devastating to women and children and the men of Afghanistan. There's nothing good. Second thing we need to do is reinsert moral considerations into every entry into any conflict, no matter how large or how small. Become too easy to apply lethal force. And it shouldn't be. It should be an excruciating decision for civilian and military leaders. That doesn't mean we should never do it. That means we have to consider the moral element of it always. Another thing I think the United States needs to do is diversify military leadership. I'm not talking about the diversity approach that's been the news so much, but I am talking about diversity. I taught for a while, of course, in conflict crisis management, conflict resolution. And I was once asked, how was the Japanese could make the flawed decision to attack the United States when it should have been clear that in the long run it was going to end badly for them? And my response, I think I'm right, was that the decision was made by a bunch of similar white thinking individuals. Diversity matters in all realms. Getting a different opinion and being able to accept that opinion is hugely important. Secondly, we need to hold our military leader. And that means that PECOM should not always be a Navy admiral or name a command where we get in service mindset. We need diversity. And the PECOM leaders, I've known many of them, all of them that I've known are outstanding officers, but we need diversity of thought and approach. And furthermore, we need to hold leaders accountable. In this case, we have 20 years of failure and very limited elements of military leader being held truly accountable. And I'm not talking about court martial, I'm talking about your fire. Sorry for that phrase and sure triggered some folks, but we need to hold leaders accountable. And I don't think we did. And finally, we need to realize that the incremental approach to warfare where we start slow and kind of ramp up increases costs over time. I truly believe this. If we make that agonizing decision to enter a conflict with clearly stated objectives, we should enter fast, hard and violent and win it. And compared to an incremental approach where we sort of figure things out and sort of meander through missions, the long term casualties, human and material will be significantly fewer. I believe that. So that's all I can fit into the time available. There's much more to say. Please comment if you agree or disagree. Info at phase-1.com. Coincidentally, I've got a friend coming on next week's figments, the power of imagination. And this just serendipitously came up. Clusso Tallini and I flew F-15s at Carina 40 years ago, 40 years ago. And he shot 25 during Desert Storm. He wrote a book, plug the book during the show. But we'll also talk about how he and I both learned to live with what we did taking human life because we do think about it one more way. And he's got a unique perspective that I think is invaluable. Finally, thanks to Think Tech for letting me express my views on figments on reality and also share my friends and figments the power of imagination. Remember, they're a nonprofit. They need your support. Please go to their website and support Think Tech Kauai. Thank you for watching. I look forward to your comments. Mahalo and Aloha.


So my name is Scott Sealy and I am currently the Community Manager for Cumulus Linux, or Community Cumulus Networks. What we do is we produce a Linux distribution based on Debian, Jesse, or Debian Weezy currently that runs on Whitebox Network Hardware. So you can think of it as sort of the red hat for the networking world or DDWRT for the enterprise world. We give you a full Linux console access to the hardware, giving you SSH access, Chef access, puppet. Ansible. All those kind of favorite tools and things that you would do to use automation dev ops, all those kind of good things. You can use from the top of your rack all the way down to the bottom. Just give it a short little pitch about what Cumulus is. My talk today is going to be about open networking and what that is is there's a bunch of different things out there that people call open networking and everything from software defined networks to network feature virtualization to OpenStacks, Neutron to Open Daylight, and a bunch of things you'll see. You'll see when we get the slides up if we ever do that there's a lot of open, open, open networking pieces and a lot of different companies have their own versions of it. If you were in the exhibit hall you obviously saw the F Boss wedge that they had out and it's a stack of switches and that's based on the open hardware project and allowing people to get the granularity down to the hardware of what they want to be able to do in a completely open source way. And I'm going to talk some more about that with some of my other things, other slides that I have. But that's just a bit for right this second. Let me go ahead and pull my slides up and I can at least talk off of them.  Thank you very much. Yes, I am the community manager from Cumulus Networks. I am a former customer support junkie. I've done customer support for about seven years before I became a community manager. You can find me on a multitude of things. Obviously my email address, my Scott S at Cumulus Networks. I made bit dad on the Twitter's, Kilted1 on FreeNode. I'm in a multitude of channels but obviously you're going to find me on Cumulus Networks. So what we're going to talk about, so you can see that my little attempt at being diagrammed over there with penguins all the way down and the Cumulus Networks are actually sitting on top is the fact focusing on what Open Networks is and what Linux's role in Open Networking is and how people can get involved, what's driving the market. I'm just going to give you a quick little history lesson. So in the beginning we had early attempts to communicate. So your network administrators are your people who are doing the cave drawings telling people, you know, this is what can be found here. This is what we were tracking. This is what we were looking at. And your sysadmins are the handlers and gatherers who are going out there attacking and they're gathering the things and bringing them in. And this is sort of the early functioning areas of networking. Advancements, we go to the ancient Greeks and you have the city states and they're trying to get information back and forth. So you have your network admins with your intermediaries. These are people who ran the city states and wanted to get information back and forth across Greece. And your runners, your marathoners are going to be your sysadmins because they were running the data through the wastelands of Greece back then. We move forward, we have medieval expansion and obviously things became more advanced with shipping routes and the world became bigger and network just had to get that much further. So you've got your captains and explorers who are doing the network management and your merchants are your sysadmins sending the data through it. And then we came, we got a little bit further in. And now we have telco companies and the, obviously you can see the, oh gosh. I'm sorry, you have a telegraph, sorry, blank. But your method of data transfer becomes faster. You know, you're seeing things happening much more quicker than, you know, shipping it out or somebody running it from point to point. And you've got your network admins of your telco companies and your sysadmins being the operators, having to plug in all the different things and sending the data across the globe. Computers were invented and obviously things got a lot more crazy. Data could be done in a flash of a second whereas it was taking days before or even hours and you can see as simple layers of the internet and how things came about, you know, 91, the content of the internet, 98, Google search engine, browsers in 93, World Wide Web in 1990. The internet itself in 75 and networks back and all the way in 1973. Your network admins are born and your sysadmins are born because you have much more data and a lot more ways to transmit that information back and forth. So everybody knows what happened in the past but, you know, it's great stuff that's why they're called the Good All Days. But you've got to review the history of where things were and where things were, what they were doing so that you're not doomed to make the same mistakes that people made in the past. You know, those who don't remember are the past, are the first people to repeat it. So let's take a look at where we are now. Obviously, with networking you can't have a conversation without talking about Cisco. Cisco is the 800-pound gorilla in the networking environment. Everybody in the room probably has some Cisco device somewhere within their network infrastructure. If you don't, that's awesome because that means you're not giving into the Cisco behemoth. Let's just get a quick show of hands. How many people use something that's not Cisco in their current work environment? One, two, apprehensive, three, maybe. That's awesome. But just so you know, Cisco has some open things. Their ONS for their Nexus lines are getting a little more open. They do have their Cisco One, which is their open network environment. And they have Cisco Viral, which is a virtual environment that you can sit down and play with and attach the different things and diagram a network out and go through things with it. Open WRT, Tomato, DDWRT, I'd say probably, is everybody in the room familiar with what this technology is? This is where you can flash the firmware on your home router and make it that much more accessible. You can be able to do much more things with the stock hardware that you buy off the shelf. And a lot of the companies nowadays are actually starting to advertise that they are currently able to run this stuff when you buy the router off the shelf. You can go to Best Buy now and you buy the latest D-Link router. That logo right there is on the side of the box. It says that you can go ahead and flash this firmware and run this software on your machine. And that is a huge leap from where it was 10 to 15 years ago when these things started coming out. The ability to say, you know what, we put this on here, but you go ahead and you upgrade that and you make it better. That is huge. Not a lot of companies are going to say that to you. You look at this, this is just a stereotypical network stack. So over on your left, you have the closed down compute side. You know, you've got your Cisco Juniper Arista sitting at the top of the stack. Obviously, you know, you've got your servers in the blade sitting in your rack and these could be anything from Windows, Linux, you name it. And then on your right hand side, you've got an open environment and you've got a choice of hardware vendors. These are just a few that you can choose from. And the same hardware vendors that are there also provide networking gear and that networking gear is wide open. It's a white box that you can just buy, put at the top of your rack and you can put a choice of operating systems on it.  And that's something that hasn't always been around. This is a little open networking cheat sheet. I'm going to say there's a lot of words on here. I don't expect you to read it all. My slides are going to be online later. You can take a look at them. But this is just a few of the networking things that you'll see that say open. As I was saying earlier, there's a lot of projects out there that deal with networking that use open in the name. So, open daylight, open flow, open stack, open compute project, open contrail. We'll go into these a little more in depth. Oni. So, let's start with Oni. Oni is the open network install environment. We had a guy who works for us that described Oni as pixie that doesn't suck.  Is there one local? Is there one somewhere in the data center? Is there one on the internet? Where is it directing me to get this? And it goes out and it says I want you to install this operating system. It pulls it down. It goes through a boot cycle and it kick starts the machine and loads it. And it's just like pixie is for servers. This was written by an engineer for our company and then donated to the open compute project. If you talk to the people who were in the Facebook booth in the exhibit hall, there was a bunch of people from the open compute project in there as well. And what that is is it's basically a project that comes together with a bunch of different companies backing it and it says we want to make hardware and software as open as possible and get it to as many people as possible and give them the ability to get down to the granularity of what the hardware and what the software does for them and what they can do with it. Open Daylight was started by the Linux Foundation. It's a huge advancements for software to find networking and network feature virtualization. They're trying to give a standard to the market which is something that you don't have. I mean you remember the chart that was just up there a few minutes ago, there's a lot of things. If we could get something where it was a complete standardization, it would help out a lot. Adoption rate on this is a little slow, but the list that has backed it is getting some big names. So expect to see more things out of that. Open compute project as I was just stating, great project, great things coming out of this and it's only going to get better. More big names are signing on. You can see some of the big ones I put up here, Apple. Goldman Sachs, Bank of America, Fidelity, Microsoft, Rackspace, Facebook, all these people are getting in there and they're contributing to it and that is huge. That is going to be big for the networking field in the next several years. This is just a screen barf of all the people that are contributing to the Open Compute project and you can see, I mean, huge names are there, including the one right in the middle, Cisco. You can tell that this is something that even they see some credibility in and something that they need. Open switch, this is a new thing that was launched at LinuxCon in Ireland this past fall. It started by HP, a community-based network operating system and it's getting some support. You can see HP, Acton, Broadcom, Intel, VMware. So some big names in the networking field are coming through it. They're trying to develop a fully open network operating system and you'll talk to that a little bit more later when I talk to the cumulus slide. But they're looking to try to get something out within the first half of 2016. Will it hit that soon? To be determined, but, again, some huge things coming here. Cumulus Networks, obviously, is myself. I wouldn't be remiss if I didn't talk about my own company. We're Debian-based, currently based on Weezy, going to be going to Jesse at some point in time in the first quarter of this year. Mostly open source, with the exception of one thing. If anybody's worked with networking utilities, Broadcom is not exactly one of those ones that wants to let go of what they're doing. So the SDK is not open source, currently. Will that change? Time will tell. You know, you saw them back on the open network systems with HP, who knows. But we contribute a lot of software back to the Debian main project and also open source communities. IF Updown, too, is a huge one that's just now coming out. It's a rewrite of IF Updown and Python, which is being much more supported than the current IF Updown currently is. Quagga and VRF. But basically, it helps you make Linux the language common to your entire stack instead of just, so you don't have a network operating system who's run Cisco, and rest of everything's Linux. You have this common language that you just admins and your network admins can talk back and forth. It makes it easier for them to be able to converse and talk about the networking. Dell Network and Operating System 10. This is a operating system by Dell that was sort of rolling behind, but they just made an announcement that they're going to put more tools behind it and start garnering a little more force behind it coming in this 2016. And they're going to add a premium layer, two-in-layer three abstraction to that. Basically, the software abstraction and infrastructure basically was just a little piece that would sit over top of the networking box. It would allow you to talk back and forth, but there was still more underlying things. The premium layer, you're going to pay a little bit more to Dell for it, but it'll give you the full L2L3 experience. Neutron, obviously, is OpenStack's version of networking. There are a lot of different companies out there that will talk to you about networking in OpenStack.  But basically, it's an intermediary for the virtual NICs in OpenStack and other services to talk back and forth to one another, setting up your VMs and all that kind of good stuff. This is something that I expect to see some really cool things happen between now and April when OpenStack Summit happens in Austin. So I expect to see some pretty big things coming out of this process. Google Jupyter, obviously, Google has a huge need and desire for a lot of bandwidth and a lot of networking power. So they said, you know what, none of these things are giving us what we want. They started their own. They built it from the ground up completely. And it's set up to handle both OS, hardware, and SDN that Google has within their data centers. And obviously, everybody knows there's a lot of data centers for Google to handle this. I don't know if anybody was in here who saw the Facebook Gluster talk yesterday. But it made me laugh that when they said, oh, we may lose a couple petabytes here and there. This is huge, a couple petabytes. They might lose data. I can't even, I can't even fathom it. But one of the new things is DevOps, all the things. If you were here on Friday for LA DevOps days, that room was packed and that speaks to what the future of DevOps is. I mean, a lot of people want to see more and more from the DevOps community and how to be able to handle that within their infrastructure. Open networking, obviously, lends a huge amount to that because it takes the DevOps tools that are currently available for your Linux and your server environment and applies it to the networking environment as well. We've done a couple meetups and webinars on NetDevOps and it's just, it's garnering more and more support as it goes faster. The ability to automate things, the ability to have a common language in the data center. I mean, if you could think about it, if you have a data center of, say, 20 racks and you make one mistake on one configuration, on one switch, you lose a portion of your data center. With automation and then with the ability to have DevOps, you have a configuration file and it allows you to keep that human error down a little bit. Obviously, this will happen, but you want to be able to have that layer in there. Looking ahead, this was an article on MarketWatch talking about software to find networking and network function virtualization, $45 billion business by 2020 and that's huge. And you know everybody's going to be standing up, trying to figure out how they can get their part of it. I mean, you saw that even Cisco was involved with that because they realized that this is where the future is going. So what's next? Traction helps drive the innovation to companies and that's what is wanted and you never know what's possible until you have. A lot of these companies, you never saw their involvement until somebody came up to them and said, you know what? We want something like this and that's when they started going, hmm, maybe there is something more to offer there. So how can I help and what can I do to help? How can I get involved? Well, that's a great thing and coming to scale, you all know that there's a lot of different ways to get involved in open community. First off, I'm going to show you talk about is GNS3. GNS3 is a project and it is a company out there that allows for the set up of virtualization of networking systems. So you go and you grab their software, you grab your ISOs from Cisco or us or somebody else and you can set up a virtualized network environment right there on your laptop with their software and the ability to set that up and test it and see what it's going to look like is huge. The ability to say, you can go to a sales person and say, here, I've virtualized what my network environment wants what I want it to look like, build this for me, make this happen, huge, Revella Systems is another one. This is a really cool set up that we've started using at work for our training and our consultants.  We've tested virtualization on it, we've tested demos on it, we've tested all kinds of stuff with it, we've done presentations with it and it's huge, huge, huge and it's got a lot of great tools. Podcasts, podcasts in this community are obviously huge. I mean, thank you, podcasting in the open source community though are a great resource, you know, you saw Bad Vultures here on Friday night and you know, there's other podcasts that have been represented in the exhibit hall but these are two networking ones that are very great to the community. They give you a lot of information, a lot of videos, a lot of communities to talk about for certifications, information study groups, all those kind of good things and it's all available at the fingertips. I'd be remiss if not saying my own community. This is the one I've built for the last year and it is building Steam every day. We've got a lot of great customers that have been a part of it. We've got a lot of people who have been interested in Q-Mess who've come and asked a lot of great questions as well and you come to our community, you ask a question, you may get an answer from somebody who's done it with being a customer but you may also get the engineer who wrote the piece of software you're asking a question about. Our engineers are in there, our consultants are in there, I'm in there, a lot of technical resources and a lot of great people are behind this one. OCP, I've talked about that one already but they've got a lot of great resources and places to get involved, obviously the top link there is to get involved with the OCP and they are always looking for people to be part of them as well, whether it be companies, individuals, engineers, whatever, they like to help. ONI, there's the GitHub for the ONI project, obviously it again is under the umbrella of the OCP but still they have a lot of development that goes into this, whether it be helping develop the code or getting information out about it. You have your own open source projects that you love, open source, whether it be cookbooks, playbooks, manifests, you name it, if you have something that can benefit the networking community, open source it, get it out there and talk about it, show people what it is, let them know how they can get involved with you. The more you talk and the more you get people energized about what you're doing and show them what it is, the more they're gonna be enthusiastic about getting involved with you and helping you out. Meetups and user groups, again, these are great resources to the communities as well. I know just in this area, there is a lot of communities that are dedicated to the networking spot and also to the DevOps spots and all these other things and with a minimal involvement of hey, you come out and have a place of pizza and a beverage with them, they'll be glad to talk to you about anything. But it just gives you more opportunities to get involved. But yeah, involvement doesn't always involve just yourself and your time, talk to your company. If there's some great project out there that you're using at work and you think that it's worthwhile to talk to your bosses and say hey, maybe we should get behind this project a little more from the company sampling, projects love that even more because that's what allows them to continue on. People resources is awesome, but the ability to continue making that resource with it's an open source project takes funding too. If everybody remembers the thing that happened with GPG a while back and it was down to one guy and the reason why he hadn't gotten to fix the project was because he ran out of funds and ran out of time by himself. And when that happened and when it hit, he got flooded with donations from companies and individuals and people to help him make this and make it work. And that goes a long way in the open source community. But let me leave you this one last thing.  That's it. Any questions? Any questions? I'm sorry? Yes. There's a little bit of different, there's a little bit of different choices out there, but Broadcom is mostly the merchant silicon that's doing the networking call for the devices. Your switches currently are going to be either PowerPC based or Intel X86 based as far as the chip processor goes, but your networking hardware is still mostly Broadcom. They are not the only option as far as it goes, but they are the best. A lot of years and a lot of involvement with them have made them the leader in that field. And again, much like I said, it's hard to break somebody's single point of control when there's not a lot of talk about the alternatives. But yeah, there are alternatives, but they are woefully behind in that realm. But yeah, as I was saying, there are Intel based chips and there are going to be arch builds coming out with the next generation. So hopefully soon we will see something that will come about. Any other questions? All right. Thank you very much. Oh, you have more? We'll say I'm not hugely familiar with ITF, but that's not to say that it's not being involved with a lot of these projects. That would be something more, I would need to look into it a little bit more. I apologize that I'm not, you know, completely up to date with all of them, but yeah. But it would be something I would definitely like to look into and find out more. Thank you. All right. Take care, everybody.


Covering it want to join me. Yeah, of course.  You're as Peter Parker suits A lot of people gonna be a fan of that suit. It's got it's got claws and everything couch surfing So humiliating taking money from me. I don't hear your thoughts. What was this? Helping Howard Okay, I should head out into the city and try to pay it forward That's what happens when you mess up Snacky time. Long time no see. It's a power. How's Pidgey do? He's a little down today Mrs.. His cousins been a bit of a whirlwind for both of us owners of my building rezoned for commercial We had to move into feast to get our bearings. I'm so sorry New York landlords can really be heartless when they kick me out of my place. They said all my birds lose Pidgey's the only one who found me. I've been looking everywhere for the rest of them But with my bad leg and all I gotta go find some birds. I get around How about I keep an eye out for What do I get for a pigeon suit? Do I get a pigeon suit? Do I have a pigeon suit if I catch all these pigeons?   I don't get a beer, but you blick What hey Jeff congrats on the ceremony today? I'll be glad when it's over a truck full of armed demons scares me less than public speaking I'm calling about something else The demons are moving on the fist construction site in big town Life would kill me if I did the ceremony prep to play cops and robbers, but I thought maybe my family neighborhood partner would want to know Understood. I'll do a swing by let you know what I find and hey Here's the tip on public speaking just picture everyone in their underwear Wait, not Osborne. You know what just never mind What was the button I Saw the button and I don't know what it was Was the X oh, it's that one plus R1 Hey, come here. I missed them This bird knows I'm after him chat every time I get close he changes trajectory Hope this works out doc's work is too important to go on my goodness.  I think he reset. All right now. I know the button should be Pigeon oh come on. I'm close dude. I was I was 10 meters Oh, that was lame. I was 10 meters away and the prompt didn't come up.  Oh, come here He's doing the same route. Maybe I should just wait at this building this billboard ruined my life Oh, he's gone. I got the prompt chat Whoa, I sure can't Again, I went this guy stream. He was going around a cool spider-man costume like soon He's been playing for hours. He was chasing the freaking bird the whole time chat. I mean not chat No, I was right on top of him. What is this nonsense to do? What is this chat? What is going on with all of your lives? This is not right I lost them. Where'd he go? Where'd he go? He's over there Dude, these pigeons are just you know what when I catch them I'm gonna do something to this Okay, we're good. Let's go to this one next How many is I got catch well, I better get something sexy How about I sell them for his meat? I wonder if I can get them right when they're taken off That would be efficient. You know I'm saying the prompt just doesn't come up. It doesn't come up So it's a possible to do it right when they man Man come here. Yeah, where's the next one come off of this now There's one. Oh, yeah. Oh, yeah. Oh, this is in Central Park. Oh No Course he's getting away To catch that pigeon All right, that's the lane where you supposed to catch them right there I think I got maybe one more lane like that and then he's gone forever. I'm about to reset There was it that was it that was the lane that was the lane Whoo, all right next I remember you said you hated tracks Monster Hunter wrapping in tracks these quick game, but I see you chasing pictures of Spider-Man I take a little bit of a little bit of favoritism here I'm saying anything out loud, but you know, you know, actually I think this is probably worse than tracks Swingin around town and chasing pigeons. I can't say that sounds fun No All right, let's get this one It's a pity yellow All right, this one might be easier What I am I am definitely close enough to this thing. I know it's people trying to sleep They cheated that one. I should have had that earlier. No time saving pigeons. No time saving pigeons All right, here we go Timmy there's a way chat. I'm actually in front of them. I'm back. Oh my gosh I actually got in front of them and these pigeons flew far away man. What is up there? How do I know what these pigeons are? That's the burning question. How does Spider-Man know what these pigeons are? This one's gonna be a little tough. I can see it already Like are you thought this was easy marina put one on top of the freaking world? Never we're gonna do you got it. You got it Come on Fast one pigeon knows the city better than I do. Wait, how do I turn around? What? intonation. Oh My goodness. Yeah, this was hard next That's not a pigeon. That's a pigeon Pidgey yellow chat very tempted to trade in God of War for a spider-man One is spidey thong great sales tactic Dude games good. It's good.  You discount the other one They get it, but I never play God of War because I'm not a fan of series, but I can't compare to games This is a good game if you can keep both that'd be good too. All right, let's get this one Were you going boy? Sure. Well, you're going that was the lane. This was a This was proven to be a challenge. I think it's the rowdies taking these zigzagging and now he's going up Okay, he's gonna come back down. No, he's actually climbing Okay, this is bad. I'm not gonna get this one He's not he's not coming back down. He's actually going up. Oh, he is coming back down crap But I got that one that won't that one proved to be tougher than I thought it would be okay, uh Go this one to left All right, time's time. We go to sleep. Let's hope I don't wake with injuries in the morning Wasn't a car crash this morning. Oh man. I hope you're okay Yeah, take it easy. Don't overdo it Hopefully your bite is okay Huh, I just saw the NYC wall crawler grab a pigeon Love these names is Sandra happy to see them back.   I actually had a good beat on them that time and I missed them That time to crap Again, I missed three chances chat. Oh, I think that's I think that's it Whoo, almost missed that again. All right, Chibi. Thanks for coming by man and I hope that again. Hope you feel better So is that? Gotta remember to check it out. Oh Swerve in 78 with the twitch prime You guys know about twitch prime. I don't know if I told you in a bit.  Do you own Amazon Prime? You do Wow Did you know you could get a free subscription on twitch? How well, I'm glad you asked Link your Amazon account to your twitch account. That's it. You're done. Come back to twitch.tv slash one and get your free sub Thanks, and you're welcome Look at that knowledgeable knowledge No, there it goes Thank you again for the twitch prime. So I really appreciate it What was that move? That's not the right button at all Oh No problem been a while Cool man. Thank you Okay, so where am I at now? This one just popped up This this game is special man. It is this Every so often man these games come around where People like I'm tempted to buy a console just for that game We call them system sellers and that's what they do It's like It is amazing No the infernal brown chat Let's see if I can cut them off That message threw me off I was like, what is this? What's the paying attention where I was going? I think I might lose them. No Can't get this out.  I ain't got time for you. I gotta I gotta save some pigeons. I gotta save pigeons Just he's a br mode. Oh my gosh Somebody asked the other night is this gate does this game have multiplayer and I was just thinking to myself What in tarnation would be a multiplayer spider-man game? I couldn't even think of how you would even make this multiplayer Co-op maybe But multiple spider-mans I guess heroes versus villains. I guess I don't know. I don't know what you would do That's it You see who gets the pigeon first Pigeon hunter. I think this guy hates me I don't think I got a suit for that. Oh new suit new suit new suit new I was hoping for a good suit. That is a good ability though I might actually use that because web throwing enemies don't need to be webbed up you throw them and then they just They're webbed immediately, but I don't know how often I've used that You hate to see it though.  That's kind of crazy Uh payback Oh, that's only after perfect dodging. Oh, that's cool. Okay, so I like this uh when blow health health attacks generate focus faster.  What's this? Internet famous chat Let me let me tell you something though Can you imagine balancing pvp?   I don't think pvp will work for this game You got the I mean like city of heroes city of villains You'd have to generic size like everything even uh dcu You just have to generic size everything you can't have like spider-man versus rhino So I mean it worked for star wars, uh Battlefront, right? Hero mode capo face. I don't know what that is. Well in that case Oh, are these real? SM This is starting to sound time consuming. Sorry, but people need my help. I have to play along This requires a suit change chat We're gonna put on the best suit I have How much does it cost? No, that's gonna use two base tokens any worth that. Um Okay, here we go We're on somebody's stream


This was the year of the reusable Space Shuttle. It was also the year of a picture-taking unmanned Voyager to Saturn. And in aeronautics, it was the year to begin major flight tests of research aircraft. As astronauts John Young and Robert Crippen headed for the launch pad, they represented more than being the pilots of this country's first Space Shuttle flight. They represented years of hard work by thousands of people and businesses, both large and small. Columbia's maiden flight was brief, just 54 and a half hours, 36 orbits, and returned to Earth. But it signaled the beginning of a reusable space transportation system. 30 weeks later, after Columbia had been returned to the Kennedy Space Center, cleaners, refurbished and rolled out to the panel, astronauts Joe Engel and Dick Pruey flew Columbia into space again. While an imaging radar system mapped distant Earth, the crew made a critical test of a Canadian-developed mechanical arm that will be used to place payloads into and out of orbit on future flights. Even though the second mission was shortened from five days to two days because of a fuel cell problem, the crew managed to carry out nearly all major tests. As Columbia landed the second time, the circle was complete. A new generation of space travel had begun. Looking ahead to 1983 and beyond, NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center began training Space Lab crews. When placed inside the cargo bay of the shuttle orbiter, Space Lab converts the shuttle into a research center that will be used by scientists from around the world. Planned our experiments in communications and weather forecasting, crop surveys, manufacturing, astronomy and life sciences. A mobile workstation, a concept developed by NASA's Langley Research Center, was tested underwater at Marshall's Neutral Buoyancy Facility. The mobile workstation may be used by future astronauts to construct large platforms or antennas in Earth orbit. It allows a pair of pressure-suited astronauts to move horizontally and vertically and build systems that are too large or complex to fold up and transport aboard the shuttle. As Columbia took its place in the history books, a small unmanned spacecraft, Voyager 2, made its mark a billion miles from Earth. Voyager 2 approached and passed by the planet Saturn and its 17 fascinating moons, taking thousands of pictures and making detailed scientific measurements as it went. Those music-like sounds occurred as tiny particles hit and bounced off Voyager 2's plasma wave detector antenna. Saturn's vast ring system is made up of many small particles that orbit the huge planet in wave-like patterns. One instrument onboard Voyager 2 actually measured the thickness of Saturn's rings and found that the edge of the main ring system is remarkably thin, less than 500 feet thick. Its atmosphere is dominated by a strong equatorial jet stream that blows eastward at 1,200 miles per hour. Those storm systems are something like hurricanes here on Earth and are the means by which the internal heat energy of Saturn may feed the high-speed jet streams themselves. As Voyager swept by, it detected hot gases surrounding Saturn that are 600 million to 1 billion degrees Fahrenheit, the hottest gases ever observed in the solar system. For the Voyager team, years of analysis lie ahead. In the meantime, the small spacecraft will be watched and guided toward its rendezvous with the planet Uranus in 1986 and Neptune in 1989. Preparations continued at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and in the Netherlands to make ready IRIS, the Infrared Astronomy Satellite, now scheduled for launch in 1982. IRIS will make a comprehensive survey of the entire sky, mapping possibly a million infrared sources, many previously unknown. The results are important because most infrared light from the stars and other cosmic sources is blocked out by the Earth's atmosphere. Scientists have been studying the planet Venus for years, and a large number of them recently met in an international conference to compare their new findings. Apparently, there are two major volcanic regions on the thick-crusted Venus that serve as escape valves for the planet's seething internal heat. Venus clouds are upside down and are made up of a smog layer and a layer of sulfuric acid droplets that produce drizzle but seldom hard rain. During its early history, Venus may have been Earth-like with cooler temperatures and an ocean. When the space telescope is launched and begins operating in 1985, it will send electronic data to a newly established Space Telescope Science Institute at Johns Hopkins University. The Space Telescope will provide astronomers with 24-hour views of the sky of unprecedented clarity. This specially-outfitted C-141, the Kuiper Airborne Observatory, is operated by NASA's Ames Research Center in California. The Kuiper Observatory routinely takes astronomers and their instruments to altitudes above most of the Earth's distorting atmosphere. From there, they can examine distant galaxies and study their vast energy. Some of NASA's high-flying picture takers look down rather than up, down at the Earth, that is. The high-altitude U-2 aircraft is a good example. In addition to aerial mapping cameras, these planes carry air sampling devices to study the protective ozone layer in our atmosphere. They are also helping to locate new water sources, assess flood damage, and fight forest fires. Two Landsat satellites continue to orbit the Earth 14 times a day. From their 570-mile-high vantage point, they return images like these taken over rich California farmlands. Telltale red images indicate vigorous vegetation growth. The state of California is using Landsat imagery to inventory and map its irrigated cropland. Not all of NASA's research has application to airplanes or spacecraft. Sometimes that situation is reversed. On a little-used runway, within sight of where the Space Shuttle Columbia already landed twice, engineers are studying how to make tractor trailers and weekend motor homes more fuel-efficient. Using known aerodynamic techniques, the corners and underbody of this van were rounded. Result? 70% lower drag with a 30% fuel savings, just by reducing the air resistance as the van travels along. These encouraging results may help change the shape of many vehicles in the future. This car can be driven thousands of miles without ever moving. Only the wheels spin to simulate driving. It is part of a program that the Jet Propulsion Laboratory has been involved in for the Department of Energy since the late 1970s. The research is aimed at making electric-powered cars competitive with those we now use for our regular shopping or commuting around town. Much of the activity this past year focused on finding batteries that will last longer and have an operating range of 75 to 100 miles per day. Since May, residents of the Pacific Northwest have been receiving some of their electricity from an old power source, gathered here at Goodknow Hills, Washington by the largest wind turbines in the world. 350 feet tall, with blades the length of a football field, the three computer-controlled turbines represent the first wind farm, a cluster of wind generators working together to act as a single power source. Built as part of the Department of Energy's Federal Wind Energy Program, the trio of wind turbines are managed by the Lewis Research Center and provide seven and a half million watts of electricity to the Bonneville Power Administration, enough to power nearly 2,000 of the area's homes. NASA launched satellites for a variety of users, including a new ComStar communication satellite for the ComSat General Corporation. Also launched was the second in a series of improved weather satellites, GOES-5, for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. In Aeronautics, the NASA Army XV-15 Tilt Rotor, an experimental vertical takeoff and landing aircraft, completed proof-of-concept flight tests at the Ames Research Center.  Once in the air, the engines are rotated forward, and the XV-15 becomes an airplane capable of flying at speeds up to 350 miles per hour. A Tilt Rotor's speed and comfort would make it an ideal intercity transport. It could also be the most economical way to service oil rigs more than 100 miles from shore, and because of its speed and endurance, the Tilt Rotor could be used to carry out long-range rescue operations, searching for three and a half hours, then flying survivors to a hospital 200 miles away. Another plane, the Quiet Shorthole Research Aircraft, or QSRA, performs exceptionally well in short takeoff and landing operations. By directing its own exhaust over the plane's upper wing, the QSRA is able to improve its short takeoff and landing performance. The QSRA's simple but versatile systems permit a wide variety of flight investigations that are providing important data to the American aerospace industry. Following a hard landing from 12 feet, it was decided not to repair the X-14B vertical takeoff and landing airplane. The X-14B is really a very sophisticated electronic flying simulator and has been used as a research tool at AIMS for the past 20 years. The largest wind tunnel in the world, with a test section of 40 by 80 feet, is being made even larger. Six new 22,500 horsepower drive motors are shown here being installed in the AIMS facility. When complete, the improvements will add an 80 by 120 foot test section capable of handling full-scale aircraft with engines running. It will also increase the airflow in the existing 40 by 80 foot test section by 115 miles per hour. This busy wind tunnel has been operating two shifts a day for the last 30 years. Although this prototype propeller will never help pull an airplane through the air, it may very well be the forerunner of ones that may. A 10 bladed high-speed turboprop was tested in a wind tunnel at the Lewis Research Center in Cleveland. The quiet fuel-efficient propellers were also flight-tested at the Dryden facility in California. From the successful missions of the space shuttle to the fly-by of the planet Saturn, 1981 was a busy and productive year for NASA in both aeronautics and space. This special report brought to you by NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.