Welcome everybody. Well those few of you who are here now and hopefully more people will join us. I am Liz Wade and this is Adam Navas. Hey everybody. Whatever side he's on. I am on your right but sometimes the screen switches things. Yes that way. Okay and Adam Navas over here and we are here with a live show where we will answer your questions. We're gonna talk about programs that are coming up, programs that we have had this week and the last month. Yeah and really just talk with you. So if you have a question please write it in the comments. What else? Oh I love shoutouts. I love well I love to shout out. Different countries right because we always see that people join us from all over the world and so if you want to say hi to us put your name in the comments and where you're from say hi to us and we'll call you out back. So Adam did I miss anything? I think I'm ready to roll the intro. I think you did everything. Oh that little intro video it did it reminds me of a simpler time when we could be together. Did I startle you? See now I'm all embarrassed and my face is turning red. I'm trying to see where I can see the comments too. Yeah. So I was trying to like turn that on and I thought that I had I thought that I had turned off the sound of my computer but apparently I had not. Well we've got a few people joining us. I want to give some shoutouts to let's see we got Kawabin. He says hi. Daniel Danieli. My name is Riki. I am from Israel. Hello. Oh Zadon is there. It says nice to see you again. If you've joined us in the past you know that this program fits within the spotlight world. We have our regular spotlight program which you can listen to on YouTube or wherever you get your podcast or follow along on our website. We have our advanced program and then we have this program. What did I miss? Oh our conversation program our new program where Liz and I talk about some details that are not that we haven't been able to include. Did I miss anything Liz? Okay I'm having a lot of technical difficulties over here. Okay. Well you seem like you're fine. Well I'm trying to turn on the comments so that I can see them but then all of a sudden it starts playing like everybody's like really loud so. Oh okay well we have a lot of people have joined us. We have people from Vietnam. We have people let's see. Oh. Nyeong says my English name is Karen. Well that's fun. Yeah we've never asked people if they had to pick an English name. That's a good point because you know when I have taken language classes in the past I have picked a you know a German name or a Spanish name. I guess I didn't ever pick a Spanish name. Do you remember any of them? Yeah for sure do. Okay so tell me tell me Pete. When I took French. My German name was Ursula. Ursula. Okay when I took French I was Raul. Oh. Or Raul. Yeah see because there's not really an Elizabeth in the same way. I mean there's Elizabeth I guess. But yeah so and it's fun to choose a new name. So yeah that is a good question Adam. Like what is your what is your English name if you have chosen one? Yeah. We got Tato says what awesome people it's always good to see you. Did you already do that shout out? No I haven't done many shout out. Oh Adam while we okay so speaking of social media we have had maybe you have noticed a well not you Adam I'm sure you've noticed but I'm talking to people out here maybe you have noticed that we have like we've had a facelift. We have had some big changes on our social media with some new pictures and new name actually I mean not our program is a new name but a new handle so you can just search for spotlight ESL and find us there and we you can find us on Twitter and Instagram and of course YouTube and Facebook but all of those things have new pictures. Yeah no we're very excited to kind of get a you know sometimes you look around and you you just need to to change things and update things in your house or your home and that's what we that's what we did so we've got some nice what easy ways to identify that you're in the right place. Oh we have a we have an English question. Shia asks and this you can answer this Liz okay what's the meaning of I'm putting my foot down. Well okay so I don't actually know where this came from you know this is an idiom and usually an idiom will come from some historical thing but putting your foot down means that you're not gonna change your opinion or your your stance on something your opinion or your or what you already said about something so if I don't know my guess would be it has something to do with breaking a car or a vehicle that would be you think so yeah putting your foot all the way down you're stopping you're not doing anything more. I just agree I think it would have something to do with like your stance like actually standing like oh you're not walking I'm going to like plant myself here so that I can do this thing. Oh yeah. No but I was gonna use it in an example so like let's say we're deciding where to go for dinner Adam. Yeah I want to go to Italian restaurant and you want to go to an Italian restaurant and I want tacos and I say Adam I'm putting my foot down we're going to tacos and then that would be the end of discussion. End of discussion yeah. I also wanted to point out something that we have new in the YouTube chat and that is supers so you can highlight your comment if you want by clicking on this little there's like a little sort of dollar sign at the bottom and if you pay a small amount of money your your chat will be featured at the top and we will be answering it right away so if you feel like using that that thing it's just something new we have that you can support spotlight English with by a little bit or make sure that we hear you and that we answer your question so yeah that's pretty cool because we have a hard time getting to all all your questions. Yes yeah you know and so this is a this is a way for your question to be featured right at the top. So for example Vipul Saini asks the I think I think they're asking the phrase give up on something what does it mean to give up on something. That's a hard thing because I think it's a hard idiom because to give of course is to like take something of your own and like give it and make it someone else's right so if I give something to you but give up doesn't have anything to do with giving so to give up means that you're not gonna do it anymore you're gonna stop what you're doing. Yeah you give up yeah you stop trying I'm trying to think of how it would make more sense but it yeah it basically means you stop doing something. Uh-huh. Yeah. Let's see I okay so Imran says hi there I'm your I'm with your content it is wonderful but I have a concern on the length of the content is it possible to reduce it to short so this is something we have actually we have actually thought about for a long time and because we talk about things that are so complicated usually we need that time right to describe things and talk about issues so we do have a short form program it's called the word of the day and we used to do that more in the past in the last couple years but we haven't been able to do that or we haven't done that in the last year or so but there are there are a lot of word of the day playlists that you can go through and then even check out the program that that comes from. Yeah we know that a lot of the people who are maybe watching this or watch spots like follow along with spotlight are also you know watching other YouTube channels about trying to learn English or improve their life and some of that content is shorter but we really we really think that what we do well is to engage those larger subjects and make we think ultimately you're going to be more interested in learning English if you're also learning about the world so that's that's why it is the length it is we of course we of course want to offer you everything that will help you yeah but sometimes we have to make choices. We have Musso says morning I'm Gustavo and then Beppa says I study English very hard and I never give up so that's great and Hua says never give up so that of course is a great way to use give up right never give up. Hua actually has a question a little she's I think it's I think it's a woman anyway watching on Facebook says what's the difference between do you have time and do you have the time and so I would say do you have time would mean are you able to meet with me or help me do you have 60 minutes to watch a spotlight live or do you have do you 60 minutes well I'm giving an example and do you have the time could mean the same thing but it also means do you know like on your watch do you know what time of day it is yeah that's true I think do you have the time might be of like a kind of a formal way to ask what time is it yes do you yeah it depends if it's just do you have do you have time kind of yeah it can mean the same thing you know sometimes Liz and I try to explain things and it forces us to realize that English is a big big mess and you guys are amazing for trying to understand it yeah I do often think that like I have said I've studied Spanish before and Spanish follows just it just follows the rules I mean there are irregular verbs or whatever and there must be that that in every language except maybe Esperanto but English there's no there's no rhyme or reason I remember teaching my son to read and telling him that I gh makes no sound like in the word light right so you'd read it like no it's light and why is that that's so weird I know it doesn't it doesn't there's no consistency sometimes there's some phrases that can mean the opposite but actually mean the same thing you could say it's all downhill and mean oh it's easy going that we're just going it's it's all downhill or you can mean like downhill from here and mean everything is terrible yeah you mean everything it can only get worse right and I don't understand why it means this the same thing can mean the opposite meaning yeah okay so Ivan or even says you always tell about the application for Android and Apple in the end of each video but I cannot find it so here is how you can find it we do have a link like if you look on YouTube there are links that are at the top in the heading and you can click there and I just uploaded those yesterday so I know they are right and then the other thing you can do is you can go on to our website at spotlight English calm and you can find a link to our app there or you can look for spotlight English in the app store but make sure you get our official one because there are people who have stolen our content and tried to post it and we do we do try to track them down but we haven't been able to catch everyone and I want to say hello and thank you to Imran Khan Pathan who says thank you so much Adam and Liz thank you so much you are our first on Super's user I am so excited about it you guys don't understand how like Liz is actually just super excited right now it just made my day so that is so amazing thank you so much for your support for our work here and our channel and all of us so yeah so Moa Q I apologize again we should say that every time when we miss your names ask where can you find the transcript to these programs there's a transcript on our website which is spotlight English calm if you have a particular program or a playlist you're looking for all the words to follow along with the program are there and those the link to our website to that script to that program is on right in the description of either on on Facebook if you see our videos there it's in that program description and on YouTube if you see our videos there it's on that program description and you can just click right through to that link to our website and it will bring you to that script and but I do want to tell you about something really exciting that is also coming we get a lot of emails or messages about our old programs our archives that people want the PDF script to and just for numerous reasons it's we don't have all of our scripts on our website but people I'm gonna interrupt you yeah spotlight has been around for a long time longer than 20 years 20 years longer than 21 and podcasts it started as a radio program so we have many many programs that you have never heard yes yes and people who have listened to a program and just really love it or you know want to study it more closely and so they want the PDF but one of the things that we are going to start first of all I want to tell you we're not changing any of our content you will always get our classic program and our advanced program and our conversation program for free on our YouTube channel we are not changing that but if you would like a little extra we are going to start YouTube memberships probably this month and so one of the levels is that you can ask for a PDF script one time a month or three times a month or five times a month and you can get those PDF scripts to keep forever so maybe if that is the way that you study best and you want to support spotlight English that way and also get that benefit we will have levels where you can subscribe to our channel and get just those extra benefits for your English learning it's gonna be really an exciting thing and we're starting to develop new content additional content extra content however you want to call it that is going to be fun it's going to be kind of a glimpse into my life or Liz's life or or we've talked about doing a live spotlight program so you can see how we mess up when we when we do the voicing we think there's a lot of fun we could have and really help you take your English learning to the next level but also just be encouraged and have some fun mm-hmm yeah so that is an exciting thing you know we are we're just trying to make our program the best that it can be for you to serve you as people who are listening and learning English yeah so we so I'm really excited about that we did have a couple more questions that I'm all right you Nin Lee asks can you explain the word nonchalant and then asks is it is it a popular word do people use it well I'll answer the part is not a popular word I would say I would say it's a common enough word like if you used it someone would know what you meant but many people aren't using it no and honestly I think that I know what it means in context but I'm not sure I could describe it very well yeah nonchalant means very kind of like you don't something is easy you're not making a big deal about it so if I did if I did something jumped really high and and and Liz was super impressed and I was like oh that's no big deal it would be very nonchalant mm-hmm however I do not think the word chalant is a is a word yeah that's a good point because usually if you put non on something it would change the word or like it's a prefix yeah but it's not a prefix here it's just part of the word no and the word I'm guessing comes from French so if there's anyone here who speaks French and can say where the word nonchalant is she'll tell us yeah chalant must mean I'm gonna start using it as a word oh that person they wanted all the attention they were so chalant they're so chalant see there we go that's a that'll be an in-joke yeah um Kawa says I'm so happy to watch your face I was imagining your face who you are that is very fun Melissa says hi from Mexico Malique says hello I'm Turkish Caleb says hi I'm a Tao says hi Rin says hey Ninley says thank you very much so yeah how fun yeah we didn't even talk about like our our own lives here I know we we have so much going on we didn't talk about our own lives I do have a question I do have a question for people though but I wanted to say hoa says I usually listen to your program but I don't know how to read and record it can you guide me if you go to the website at www.spotlightenglish.com and that should be linked on our Facebook page you can listen to the program and read along at the same time and also on YouTube you can watch the words go on YouTube so I had a question for our listeners because or viewers I guess both okay so a few days ago this weekend I went camping with my family and as I was sitting there what we do is we you know we take all of our food with us and we take a tent and you know a little stove and you know a water bottle all of the or you know a water jug all of the things we need and we drive out to the woods and we set up a camp there we set up our tent and we we just we eat there we sit around the fire we make all our food there are you by yourself or are you with other people we were with other people this time but we have gone by ourselves before as well and you know during the day you can sit in the woods or you can go to the beach because we live near near a lake and it's very pleasant but I was wondering to myself do like do other people go camping is this a is this a culture thing like a US thing or yeah so I guess I guess my question would be in your country is camping a normal thing like is it something that you think these people from the US are a little weird why do they leave they leave their nice comfortable house to go out and be uncomfortable in the in the forest yeah yeah I don't that's a good question please because you're not answer that question for me you're not hiking you're not hiking up a mountain right yep it's really just to well and there are different levels of camping right you can go backpacking where you hike out for 10 miles or 20 miles and then you you have find a clearing and you set up all your stuff and you have to use the bathroom there in the woods and you have to find power or or do everything or you can go to like a campground where there are fire pits and maybe like an electrical outlet that you can plug stuff in and a community bathroom with some showers so that's where we went okay that was gonna be my question yeah we were at a campground but yeah so I don't think I would be up for hiking 20 miles I do love walking and being fit but I don't love maybe using the bathroom in the woods I wanted I wanted to ask that question I will somebody said oh Moa Moa yeah says I'm from Jordan it's in the Middle East and we love camping a lot oh that's really interesting to me I would not have thought about that yeah so thank you for answering that question in Saudi Arabia we don't have good pitch so we don't camp says Osama like a good maybe a good ground to pitch a tent on yeah or good field that's interesting yeah I didn't think about how that could affect that um Ba says no camping and or it's not normal yeah that I think Ba must be from Vietnam it looks like from the name Sardar says I'm from Uzbekistan camping is popular but only in the spring when everything turns green oh yeah that I will say we live in Michigan and Michigan is a beautiful state it's surrounded by the Great Lakes it has many forests it has hills doesn't have any mountains but it is a tourist destination for people who are camping and so we are really lucky to live in a place where we do have a lot of green space but it's snowing for half of the year so there there's really only camping in the summer yeah that is true though people do camp in the snow yeah um oh kawa bean says this is my apology for free scripts for a long time have a good day oh no apology necessary for your support and um yeah thank you I'm glad that you have been able to get free scripts that's that's good yeah yeah thank you so much for your support um Shaya says yes we go camping but not on a regular basis and in local areas in my country only men are supposed to go camping in the desert waterfalls mountains or near the river oh now that's very interesting how do you feel about that Liz what would you do if you yeah well first of all I want to know where Shaya is from but it's also very interesting to me um but I think I don't know it's a cultural thing I guess I would feel bad about it but here it's very common for um anyone to go camping really yeah I really wanted to point out this comment Adam from Carder which says if Adam and Liz married they will produce a new language a lot that is one of the common questions that we get are we married if we were we would assumably be in the same same place yeah but no we are not married we are we are married to we each are married but not to each other you always say it in the most confusing way possible I know well I don't want to say yes we're married you could just say we're just friends we're friends we each have our own families that brings up an interesting point that I did if you've been watching we are gonna offer a very specific a webinar it will be a way and you and if you if you sign up for it you get to meet actually my wife because she's gonna help us out and so if you've ever wondered what she looks like or whatever but it's Adam married up I did I did I married better it's a good there's a good idiom for you it's a webinar about it the important role of grandparents in child development so if you're a grandparent or you have a grandparent and you or your parent who you who you want to their your child to have a better relationship with your parent sorry if that's confusing we're gonna have it we'll put a link in the description of this video but it's really we we want to talk about grandparents the role of grandparents in helping raise children the role of grandparents in connecting with their grandchildren at different ages because of course a baby needs very different things so check that out and we'll try to get some more information that's gonna be the 1st of July coming at you at the same time that this live show started so if this is a good time for you I think we scheduled it for nine o'clock oh but it was 1030 okay well I'll be there you can sign up to reserve your spot because of course we want to make sure that we know who's there so that we can connect with you and that we know we have enough spots to to do um Ivan asked a question were any mosquitoes in the forest in Russia it depends in the place where you live I live in the Moscow region we have many forests around sometimes we do it with my family that's so cool there were not very many mosquitoes around us I think because it was very cool and also we used a lot of bug spray to keep the yeah there are some things that can ruin camping rain and bugs are yeah I will say we left a day early because there was going to be a thunderstorm and we were in a tent and I did not feel like packing up our tent in the rain or after a thunderstorm yeah so we left a little early well we have not been able to answer all your questions but we will try to write answers if you've asked a question we'll try to we read them all and we apologize that we haven't been able to answer them all but we have been going for over half an hour now and we know with flew by we just we love all of you we always say spotlight has the best listeners and viewers and we hope that you just have a great day and I will say someone asked about the fear the fear of learning English and the fear of of it being of being embarrassed or of getting over that and I want to say the answer that is we just we hope that this is a place where you feel comfortable where you can make comments where you can test out your English and not be afraid of what we're going to think because we're all on a journey we're all we're all everybody is learning right along with that I want to say I love that I have seen in the comments on YouTube that some people are you know asking a question and other people are answering it like what it means or using it in a sentence and I love that yeah well we hope you can join us again we try to do these every every month and you can always go back on YouTube and watch them if you really if you really want but yeah so stay in touch and yeah we have a new tagline now listen watch practice learn and then at the way end when we have to say goodbye we say spotlight out all right so spotlight out bye everyone thank you


Good afternoon, everyone. I'm Deanna Markham. I'm beyond established. I'm now fading, I think. So we all have our little order, I guess. I'm delighted to have you here for this session entitled, Constructing Digital Research Collections. A few of us in this room have been working on the notion of a digital library for longer than we care to think about. And we've seen many manifestations of digital collections trying to become digital libraries. A decade ago, many of our libraries were working on digitizing special collections, the beautiful, the rare, and they were almost like publications for the website. And we've seen a real transition to collaborative work that will result in an honest to goodness digital library. So we have three speakers today to talk about some of the initiatives that are underway that involve collaboration and rethinking what we are doing. We are running a little behind time, so I'm just going to introduce the speakers by name. In the program, there's very nice biographical statement for each of them, but I think we'd rather hear about your future thoughts than your past, if that's okay. So I'm very pleased to introduce our three speakers. Chuck Henry, Charles Henry, the President of the Council on Library and Information Resources, formerly at Rice University and Columbia before that. Ed Van Gemert is the Deputy Director and the Associate Director for Public Services at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and Bruce Cale is Digital Librarian and Founder of the Internet Archive. What I've asked these speakers to talk about is each of them will talk about one of the initiatives that's now underway. I'm asking them to describe what is it, what's it all about, who's involved, how does it affect or can affect ARL libraries. And do you see these as important initiatives for true collaboration that leads to the kinds of results we're all looking for, or do you have something else in mind that you think would work better? So with that, I'm going to ask them to speak. We will go in the order that you see them at the table, beginning with Chuck Henry. Thank you, Deanna. It's a great pleasure to be here, as always. I get to talk about the Digital Public Library of America, and as Deanna said, large-scale digital libraries have been under discussion for decades. This one is probably the most recent. It's been around for about a year, and it has garnered a great deal of attention and interest for something that's relatively short-lived. As those of you who have some familiarity with this project know that it is susceptible to many interpretations, and I will just give you my take on it this afternoon. And then we can talk more, we can triangulate with some of the other steering committee members to see where this may go. Every term, almost every term in the title Digital Public Library of America has been contested, and it goes on and on. Maybe of, we haven't seen much email on OV yet, but there's time. And to give you an example, I think that the interest and the concern and the potential threat of this is legitimate, something to keep in mind as we go forward. The term public has probably received more email exchange and more consternation than the other words here. Many, if not all, the state public libraries and many, many city and town public libraries were very concerned from the beginning of the use of the term public. And their concern focused mostly on the possibility of, if this took off, if this really was built, if we did build this very large millions and millions of digital objects library and called it public that funding for their libraries would decrease, that funding would go towards this and not to them. And I raise that because there may be some truth in this. And always when a project gets going with this amount of funding at this scale and involves so many different constituencies, I think these issues are going to be raised. They're healthy to raise them. And again, something to keep in mind. I'm going to be fairly brief and just give you a kind of chronological story. I guess narrative of the digital public library with a few editorial comments as we go along. They are mine. They don't represent necessarily the steering committee of the project. Digital public library of America got started a little over a year ago. And it was largely the initiative of Robert Darten, who was a Harvard librarian at the college at the time. I think many of you know Bob and know his work. He's a quite distinguished 18th century French historian. And he was concerned, and here comes the editorial part. I think Bob and some others were concerned at Google and Google Books. And their concerns had to do with an industry, a corporation that was digitizing vociferously our cultural heritage. And at the same time, there was a lot of uncertainty about the access of this cultural heritage. There was uncertainty about what this might cost, how we were going to use this, were we going to be charged per page. There was also concern, I think, about the quality of the scans and the difficulty often in trying to determine the provenance of some of these objects. So Bob and others got together and felt that perhaps if we banded together, we being the libraries, archives, museums, academic institutions and scholars, could we in fact put together what might be called or seen as something counter to Google? That we could build a digital public library that was more encompassing, that was open to the public, that was a true national good, and it would be a kind of aggregation of our cultural heritage in all the different kinds of media, text and images, moving images and such. So the concept, I think, was interesting. There was a meeting in Cambridge and the project began. The management of this project was turned over to the Berkman Center for Society and Internet and Society, and Berkman still manages this. The Sloan Foundation put up money, considerable money, millions of dollars in this case, for this project, basically, for project planning. So it has a healthy chest, it has a healthy revenue base or reserve at this point to move forward. Sloan funded this for 18 months. So we're about a year into the game, and I imagine it's going to take another year, possibly more, in the planning process. So the funding was there. The statement that came out of the meeting in Cambridge a year ago, almost to the day, was that the Digital Public Library of America, or whatever it eventually is going to be called, would be an open distributed network of comprehensive online resources drawn from the nation's cultural heritage, and its main intent would be to educate, inform and empower current and future generations. And I think that's a very lofty goal, and I think it still holds true. I think that rhetoric is still very much alive in the DPLA. After the meeting in October, the steering committee was formed, Deanna is on it, Mr. and I are on it, a number of ARL directors are also involved, other ARL directors. And starting around last December, seven or eight working groups, they call them work streams, were put together. And I'll mention them briefly. A lot of this information, if you really want to dig down into the DPLA, it has a really good website. More information than you probably care to delve into, but it's there. And it's actually quite, some of it's quite interesting. Some of these work streams are, as follows, audience and participation. And now the work streams are made up of anywhere from probably about 10 to 15 people drawn from libraries, drawn from archives, scholars are involved, amusing people, some funding agencies participate. So it's a very interesting mix from our various communities and constituencies. So audience and participation, that work stream, they're asking questions as the digital public library of America begins to take shape. Who is being served? What's the audience? And the thinking right now is that it has to be as broadly conceived as possible. It has to have multiple constituencies. Well, okay, who are they? What benefits a crew to these communities? This work stream will also look at how successful be measured. Now, if the DPLA is serving its mission, how do you measure that? How do you assess its efficacy? What are the methods of outreach? How do we reach out to more communities? How do we reach out to our own community to talk about this? So that group is focusing on these questions. Again, these groups are dealing with questions that are logical and they're pertinent to everything that we do here in this room on a national scale. Another work stream is content and scope. This is basically formulating a collection development policy for the DPLA. It's also looking at metadata issues and interoperability and questioning the term, what is critical mass? This is going to work. How big does it have to be to work? And again, good questions. Financial and business model, work stream, self-explanatory, looking at sustainable business plans for this venture. Governance, another timely thorny issue. How will the DPLA be managed? What will be the rules, the policies of its governance? Will there be a system of self-monitoring? Will there be the ability to modify the rules and who will be represented on the governance, through the governance? Legal issues, Pam Samuelson is leading this up. This is, again, obviously had a best approach and influenced legal and copyright environment in which we are currently mired, I suppose, and muddled. And Sloan, the Sloan Foundation has put up a special fund for this. So there's a large, a good amount of money that's going into this, to the study of the legal issues involved. Technical aspects, again, looking at how, what kind of digital architecture would be most appropriate that would conform and advance the mission of the DPLA? So these groups were put together, and there's a few more. And there was another meeting in Cambridge in February, with the steering committee and other, many others attended. And that meeting would discuss, again, some issues, all these issues had come up, the work streams were discussed, the mission statement was discussed, the name of the project was discussed. And I think it would be fair, but again this is my take, at the end of that meeting a group of us got together and felt that another year or more of discussion and planning was perhaps a bit too vague and too long. And out of that, we felt it was important to begin to build this, or at least begin to build aspects, or begin to test some of the assumptions through building components of it. In other words, keep talking, but get off the dime and start putting something up. And I think this acknowledgement, and I would say this a little bit of frustration, was elegantly conveyed into what was called the Beta Sprint, and some of you may have heard that about that. This is essentially, it's not a contest so much, it's just sort of an open call for innovative proposals that could help build and build more rapidly the digital library, the digital public library of America. And these proposals, it was when the prospectus was put out, they could be ideas, they could be models, they could be prototypes, technical tools, interfaces, all the kinds of aspects of building a very large scale digital library. And to more or less deconstruct it, look at its components and throw some proposals out that might help all of us think about the complexity of this, and also models that might be used in building it. About 45 proposals were received, a very distinguished panel reviewed them in September, and nine of these proposals will be presented next week. The national rollout of the digital public library is in Washington next Friday, it's all day event, it's being sponsored by the National Archives. There will be a series of speakers, and I think the idea of this, the concept of it will be, I hope, much more sharply clarified through this national meeting. And the projects that will be presented will also give you a bunch better idea of where people are coming at this. Briefly, I'll talk about these projects and then conclude. Some of the projects there is the coordination of the American National, what's called the American National Digital Collections, and that's a proposal that's from the Library of Congress, the National Archives in the Smithsonian. And then we'll talk about how their digital collections can be better made coherent, correlate, and more easily accessed and queried. There's also a proposal looking at interoperable metadata for the DPLA. There's a proposal called Shelf Life in Library Cloud, it's looking at combined content exploration with the social component, looking at content and also then connecting with other people who are looking at similar content, sort of building communities, virtual communities around this. My organization is making a presentation as well, clear through the Digital Library Federation, as you all know now, it's back into clear. And we have built a prototype that's based on an IMLS funded project from the Digital Collections and Content Registry, also called Opening History. And that's several million digital objects and what the team has done is to bring them together. These are multimedia objects as well, they're text and images and moving images and they sort of cut across American cultural heritage. And the team's been working on how to make this more coherent and usable as a possible prototype. This project is based on the Euripiana, which many of you are probably familiar with. And I raised that because again a bit of editorial comment here, I think the inclination of this project is to look at models like Euripiana as an example. And that model would be that the DPLA, again this could change in a week, but I don't think so. The DPLA would be much more of a federation of existing and future digital objects. It wouldn't own anything. The institutions that currently have large digital libraries and institutions that can contribute over time will do so. The job, the contribution of the DPLA would be to build, to set standards, metadata standards, interoperability standards to help aggregate and federate these millions upon millions of digital objects, as well as to create APIs to use this material more efficiently and effectively. And that's the model that it seems to me makes the most sense, but again we can certainly discuss that. So that's what's going on and that's the way this project has been attacked and managed. And I think it's been actually managed very well. Just some concluding remarks to speak to some of Diana's questions. This is not a library per se. The term library is somewhat misleading here. I don't think this project is out to build a new library. It's out to make visible and reveal this incredible array of assets that we have already that are very difficult to access because of the siloed nature of our world. And also I think to look forward to develop the platform, the architecture and the standards in order for people to contribute to this over time. In that sense, if it's done well, it's not going to compete. It's not a competition, but it is a service to all of us or should be. I honestly think that it is a national good or could be and a very exciting one. It's already attracted and this alone it seems to me is worth our attention. It's attracted a really strong pool of talent to this. Those proposals are quite good and a lot of the top people are involved with this now. And I think that in itself is noteworthy. It also has clearly the interest of significant funding and funding agencies. So there's a will here and there may be a way to build this at least financially over time. I think in closing this project, it's nascent obviously. It's contested at every turn. It's actually building quickly but a bit intermittently and somewhat ad hocly. That's okay, but I really do think that this is a project to watch. And I think that particularly for ARL it has, I think, enormous significance over time. My sense of this again and concluding here is that there's a lot of constituencies that could be represented here and many, many constituencies who contribute small amounts of digital library material or vast amounts of digital library material. If this is going to be done well, it has to be a project and a program that can respond to the most disparate and varied kinds of questions. And it's the user that has to drive this. And my sense is that if we do this well that we would have hundreds of millions of objects that could be efficiently searched, that could allow for new questions to be asked, that could allow new methodologies to come into existence, that could create new kinds of scholarly models of communication and a project that could be as of fundamental importance to our senior scholars as well as to a curious 10-year-old who's interested in the Middle Ages. So I'll stop there. Good afternoon, everyone. I should probably also just disclose too that in addition to my work at Wisconsin, I'm also the Chair of the Strategic Advisory Board for the Hathi Trust and sit on the ex-officio on the Executive Committee as well. So you're aware of that. I'm really pleased to be speaking with Chuck and Brewster. I do want to echo a couple of things that Chuck said too about this not being a competition in a sense. When friends of mine asked, how on earth are you going to create space up here with Chuck and Brewster for Hathi Trust, that was my pretty quick conclusion that although there are limited resources today, there's a lot of work here in this space, and I think that one of the main issues is how we think clearly and coordinate our efforts, regardless of what's gone on in the past. So I've got a couple of slides here in an attempt to keep me on track in terms of trying to address some of Deanna's questions that she posed to us. Given that I am fully aware, so I've been here since last Friday, I'm beginning to feel like an honorary Washingtonian, but I know that a number of you, about 60 in fact, were at the Constitutional Convention for the Hathi Trust earlier in the week. So I'm going to try my best not to bore the heck out of you with repeating a lot of that information, but I'm also aware too that a number of you weren't at that convention and there might be questions or information you'd like to know about Hathi Trust. So I'm going to go over some of it at a fairly high level and my remarks are intended to try to generate some discussion about larger, broader issues of collaboration that we could try to address across organizations. Hathi Trust is three years old and it was and is all about preservation of digital content. What to do with all this Google stuff was initially on our minds, but it has become since then also an avenue for access and an avenue for us to be thinking about our print collections as well as other collective decisions that we're able to be thinking about for planning our libraries. It is becoming a comprehensive collection and maybe most important in terms of a value or a principle is the notion of moving ahead with a shared vision. Whether it be particularly, as one example, the whole area of rights clearance is becoming of more interest to the membership. Not only with University Presses, for example, but with our own scholarly authors on campus and elsewhere. Also the trademark I think of openness and transparency is one that Hathi Trust Governance and members try to achieve. For example, we're talking now about the possibility of using Creative Commons licenses for the development of the various programming that we're working on. Certainly one of the accomplishments is the membership, I think, over the course of three years. We're now at 60 plus. Pretty remarkable when you stop to think about it, I think. I love this slide. It's not mine. I stole it from John Wilkin. And basically it shows a direction in terms of Hathi Trust thinking. So at the beginning we were all about how much is this going to cost by the drink for us to pay for storage and preservation of our digital content. We're one of those institutions at Wisconsin where when we cost it out how much it would cost locally in Madison to store the material, it turned out to be three times more expensive for me to store it locally than it did through the Hathi Trust. And so moving from that sort of a notion of paying by the drink to a broader concept, thinking more as a shared digital repository, thinking about how we can apply the digital content more broadly to how we plan our libraries and moving a cost model toward that rather than just paying for our own preservation of the material. So on average basically what this is saying for example for Wisconsin, a little bit under 40% of our holdings, things that we at Wisconsin held or hold are represented in the digital repository, the Hathi Trust digital repository. Pretty remarkable. The growth is somewhat astounding. Just a little bit under 10 million. Last night it was at 9.7 when I updated the slide. If you look today it would be something more than that. The public domain material at a little bit under 2.7 million has been predictably and reliably around 27% for quite a while. Interestingly for me is that over the course of time there have been fewer than 20 requests for takedown by rights holders. Over a digital repository of 10 million books. Whereas conversely more than 5,000 requests have been made to open up material by rights holders. We all know that libraries exist in a changing landscape in our universities. We're in many cases a microcosm of what's happening in our universities. We're seeing at every level more and more collective decisions being made. At Wisconsin when we talk about digital preservation, when we talk about programming, when we talk about technology today, we always bring Hathi Trust into the conversation. To put it simply, we simply can't afford to do our work separately. That could be done collaboratively. So, I've already mentioned a little bit about the share and the cost, but I'd like to say just a few words about the governance of Hathi Trust which is interesting to say the least. It has an executive committee and the executive committee was initially appointed from the CIC and the University of California and also from the University of Michigan and Indiana University, the two founding members. And has just concluded with our constitutional convention where we're moving into what we think of as phase two in terms of leadership and governance for Hathi Trust. In my estimation one of the major challenges will be to maintain a very high level of leadership for the organization, a very high level of agility and the ability to focus which sometimes are always not in the same sentence. So partners want that balance between those that contribute a lot of resources and dollars to be able to have more of a say in the direction of the organization and sustaining members who join to use public domain content because they believe in the operation also want a say in the direction of the organization as well. I won't go through each and every one of these what I call practical rollouts, but I think they give you a sense as to some of the values and some of the efforts and the principles that we've been focused on. In March of 2011, CRL certified Hathi Trust as one of only two digital repositories and secondly something I think is occurring that is of importance. There's a lot of discussion about the quality of digital files regardless of the repository and coincidentally, Paul Conway at Michigan is using Hathi Trust as a basis for his IMLS study of quality in digital files. This is important because it will establish a benchmark it begins to measure the quality of digital files. So what's the scope of the problem? Is it a problem? And so if for example there's a small percentage of items in the repository that are not of high quality what would it take, what would it cost to fix those and how could we go about doing that? So it'll be good to have that measurement and I mentioned a little bit about permissions before. The whole area of access to in and out of copyright material for patrons with print disabilities is an issue that we've been working on for some time and are ready to roll out. Michigan already has it in play. And you know, probably maybe the most controversial piece that we're working on certainly is and I've bolded lawful uses because I believe that we only have lawful uses of in copyright material but section 108 uses with replacement copies and also access to orphan works that we believe strongly in and intend to continue to move forward on. So one of the things that emerged from the Constitutional Convention was this notion that we may not all have to move forward exactly in step, that it's certainly possible that what's emerging for example in working with university presses that there may be two or three institutions who might want to take the lead in that area and work with presses to open up their material in the repository or some of these other areas that that work might influence the organization as a whole and others may join in. Some of the other moving forward issues that I hope represent a little bit broader collaboration possibilities would be the desire to want to increase the size of the repository even though it's at a little bit under 10 million we think that with some effort we could get to 15 with the inclusion of some of the North American collections that are still remain out there and also keep in mind we've got a number of Canadian participating libraries as well. The whole issue of international membership for the Hathi Trust is important but it's probably more complicated than introducing North American libraries into the organization. There are lots of other copyright issues and there are lots of other repositories too of course around the world too. I think that the international membership for Hathi Trust is going to have to take a separate focus and a more strategic focus. I was talking to the chair of our classics department on campus a couple of weeks ago and keep in mind this is Middle Earth for the humanities and I was telling her that we would no longer, the library would no longer be able to maintain a locked and keyed Greek and Latin reading room and that we would in addition to that the materials, the volumes in the current Greek and Latin reading room are likely candidates for storage and I was expecting all hell to break loose and she looked at me and said, that's no problem, I almost fell over dead and she said, most of the core material in classics from the late 19th and early 20th centuries available to me, us in the Hathi Trust and through Google Books so we can take this decision and stride. It's going to be a good week. But one of the areas that we really need to focus on more generally is the whole educational piece because I think she might be an exception in terms of our faculty understanding of and about the value of Hathi Trust. I think that my observation is that many of our selectors and bibliographers probably do the best job in terms of outreach to our faculty and scholars as to why they would want to be using the collections and how to use the collections. A third area is, of course, what are we doing about non-book material and what are we doing about special collections material? That's the stuff that Google didn't digitize. You know, I think, I don't know the exact number but Google digitized about 20 million volumes which is an astounding accomplishment but, you know, that was pretty much kind of easy stuff if I could say that. I mean, a huge contribution and we wouldn't be talking about the Hathi Trust and other organizations like it without Google work but image collections, sound, video, it takes a different level of focus and a lot more resources to be able to be thinking about those newspapers would be a perfect example on our campuses. So, we like to say that the Hathi Trust that we're developing an organization that's a part of us rather than a part from us and it is not perfect by any stretch. I mentioned a little bit about the leadership. Watching the Constitutional Convention roll out last week was really an interesting process to be a part of. It really was like a convention, if you will, or a Constitutional Convention, that is. And I mentioned before about the key for leadership moving forward. But, you know, we can think of organizations that we belong to that have become distant from us, that are apart from us and the cost get away from us and Hathi Trust is really entirely about the membership. And really, I think a case study for unfolding large-scale collaboration, being able to accomplish initiatives at a pipe-tream level that we would never be able to accomplish on our own. The trick is, however, to be able to balance the values and the costs and the risks and to stay open-minded about moving forward. So, I think I'll conclude at that point then. I'm Brewster Cale, Internet Archive, and I wrote desperately to Deanna, please don't leave us. I'm going to slip a paper and I slid it over to her and she wrote back, never. So, I'm heartened. Deanna, I'm going to keep this. It's an honor to be here. I've only been to one other ARL meeting. I remember asking Dwayne, when he was president of ARL, our head of ARL, to the Internet Archive, join. And he looked a little ashen at the time and said, oh, don't do that to me. But I think the Internet Archive has matured along and so I thought I'd catch up a little bit on sort of where we've gotten to and how we've gotten there, but really hit this particular question because I think we are out of crossroads on a very important one.  And if you continue doing the budgets, the way you're doing them now, the course is clear. So I'm going to try to open a question here that I hope that you take seriously. And it's buy or rent. And really, it comes down to how different are books and e-books going forward? Because things have changed. We're not in a mainframe era anymore. We're in an era of the Internet and we're in an era where there's a great deal of storage and capacity of our computers in a distributed environment. That really wasn't with us 10, 15 years ago when we got our chops. So there's, I think, some differences. But okay, who am I? Where are we now? The Internet Archive. It's a 501c3 nonprofit library independent of government and universities. It's one of the top 250 websites on the Internet. We get about 2 million users a day. About 10 million books get downloaded a month. But it's a place on the Internet that is quite heavily frequented and we're a registered library in California. We've been building collections of different sorts. Our newest collection is physical books. So we've worked to try to figure out how to store physical books effectively. And we do things in the same way. We try to basically use ourselves as a guinea pig but then offer our experiences. We try to knock a zero off of the cost of storing books. We want to make it so that if you don't want a deaccession you don't have to for cost reasons. So either if you are going to deaccession we'll show up with a happy bunch of people and we'll pay for the shipping and take them away and credit you or not credit you. If you're interested and we will try to keep one copy of every book that we collect alive forever. But really what we would like is to offer you technologies so that you can go and store even more densely, less accessible but at least they're not pulped to go and store away millions of books. So this is a modified shipping container that are plumbed for temperature and humidity control. They've got individual environments so that if one has problems doesn't spread out you can store movies in one and books in another and records in another and other types of anyway. So the offer is open. We would like your books. If you're going to throw them away really what we would like you to do is consider not throwing out your books. And it is very inexpensive to store millions of books. We have now 350,000 that are cataloged and we've got another couple hundred thousand to catalog and we're starting to get good at this. So we think we're beyond the prototype stage. Moving images, we've got about 500,000 moving images we've now gotten quite good at moving them forward into different formats and trying to get them distributed dealing with the rights issues which are thorny but doable. These are a lot of them are user contributed but also digitized moving images and lectures and the like. We have about one million audio recordings. These are very popular out there on the net. Anything from news and public affairs types of things to lectures to recorded music. Again, all these are the publicly accessible ones and we keep the ones that are commercially available offline for all the normal rights issues. We've been collecting a lot of television where we recommend it. It's an important cultural aspect that's underappreciated in our libraries. We now have over about two million hours of television. We've been collecting television for ten years 20 channels, 24 hours a day Iraqi television Chinese, Russian, Japanese BBC, CNN, ABC Fox basically a good swath and we've now really turned up the collecting into Africa and trying to make sure that we've got key channels in every country that brings it beyond the original 20. Again, even a small organization like ours can take on something of that scale. We have now about two weeks ago we hit three million of electronic texts that are publicly accessible. Probably two million of them is what you'd call books but there's lots of other types of materials. These mostly came from libraries like yours. They were and the cost of our building this the money that went through us mostly for the digitization was about $50 million over the last eight years. Thank you very much. It's basically those libraries that are signing up to have no restrictions on the public domain. Those that basically want to make sure that anybody can have access to these. These are the three million that are publicly accessible and then I'll go on about in copyright and some of the things that we're doing there. The idea is to not show how great we are gosh we think we are pretty darn terrific but it's trying to show technologies and techniques that you can do these as well. I think one of the big things that have changed is the storage technology is quite a bit easier. I remember visiting back in, gosh it was forever ago OCLC and asked just how big was the database and if I remember it correctly it came down to and you calculated it about 17 gigabytes. That sort of sounds like a thumb drive to you now. It is. This is one of these new four terabyte hard drives and if I'd finished loading it up with books it would have 150,000 scanned books, searchable, downloadable, browsable books. You probably put it into a Macintosh and it takes a little while but then you have full text indexing on your desktop. So the idea of 150,000 books being like this I'm not trying to make it look cheap I'm just trying to make it look approachable but the changes happened from the era of mainframes and requiring that to having it so that you can actually think about having something that kind of looks like a book and if you had six of these you'd have a million books. If you had 60 of these you'd have 10 million books which is kind of the number of a big library. So that's sort of a Yale or a Princeton or a Boston Public Library so we use 10 million as the number that we're shooting for and we have lots and lots and lots of webpages so we got our start on collecting the web and we have a lot of it and we're trying to keep up with it. But the real point of this is to separate buy and rent and to try to give an idea of how we might be able to proceed. I don't mean to be placating here but let me hit a couple of points because I think they're important. You buy it once and then you own it. You can reformat it for new uses so we're digitizing our collections and reusing them in digital form in the movies collections. We've reformatted them six times so going in reformatting is important to be able to do and you can if you own it. You can organize and present it ourselves and we can do distributed preservation. Frankly, this is the library system that I thought I was joining into 25 years ago when I attended briefly library school back in Boston. Then there's renting or licensing. Well, you pay for it every year or you lose access. It really has you over a barrel. There's external control of the formatting. Say that's a blessing. Sometimes it occurs. Usually it's both. The external control of representation and organization. This is one of the key things that I thought we as librarians were trained to do. But basically it's really outsourcing it and things might be preserved. It's sort of these guarantees of somebody else will have it. But what about the aspects? I've been thinking about exactly what happens when we build up these organizations that we license from, whether they're for-profit or non-profit. These integrated services usually are bundled with the content themselves. So the services comes with the content. If the services were unbundled so you could have the content and you could go and put different services or there could be competing services, actually I'd be really happy with this. But usually it comes bundled but there's only one organization or company that you can go to. And bundling, say with journals, becomes common. So they really, again, sort of the turn of the screw that most of you have probably had to deal with when contracts have hit your tables. And then there's these price increases. It's not really a liquid market.  So this licensing tends towards monopoly. I would suggest that basically we are building monopolies when we engage in these, building these licensed organizations. And I'll put some of our friends on here. Lexis, Nessus, and Lesla, OCLC, Elsevier, JSTOR. I know I'm, you know, I'm going to go hard here. But I think it's important to notice what happens as this goes through. There's HathiTrust and again we don't quite know what DPLA is going to be. But the idea of having these centralized resources that we license, we end up with few publishers, few services, and one view. When we rent, I suggest that we're going to be reducing many of our library services. The things that we went to library school to learn are really going to be replaced by being basically customer service departments for other people's services. This isn't good enough. We are the big libraries of the richest country in the world. We can do better than this. Is there another way? I would say yes. And the technology has come around a corner that allows us to think quite differently. And that I think is a great advantage. What do we want? What I'd suggest is we want many of many things. We want no central points of control. We want many publishers, many booksellers, many libraries, many authors. That get paid. And everyone can be a reader. Not just the people that have sort of crafted themselves within a license restriction on our campuses. But anyone can be a reader. How do we get there? I suggest we can get there, and we are getting there. But we have to work together, and again, our wallets. We really decide our future. Let's buy the e-books that we can outright. What does it mean to buy things? It means the same thing as it always has. If you have 100 copies, only 100 people can be reading it any one time. But you own it. You have it forever. So we pay for it, we own it. And publishers, some publishers, not the core publishers, but fringe publishers are selling us e-books. And it's working. We can digitize our older books into an e-book format but this is working out very well. So we've digitized a couple hundred thousand current modern books. And of those, we make everything available to the blind and dyslexic and have for a couple years. But we take basically the 20th century and we've been lending it one person at a time. We've been using the same technologies that the publishers use to protect their in-print works, to protect these basically out-of-print works. We've been lending it one person at a time. And we distribute using open platforms like web browsers, as opposed to going for bundled devices such as Kindles. So we really tend towards open platform delivery. Those are the ingredients. So how is it going? It's going fairly well. The technology for going and serving e-books is about as complicated as serving your library catalog. Sorry, the typo. Serving is now as difficult as running a library catalog. Books aren't that big. They're just not that big in terms of what digital... And if you're maintaining a catalog, you might as well maintain the actual collection itself. So how are we doing this? Well, we got good at digitizing books thanks to you guys. Thanks to Sloan Foundation. Thanks to the Microsoft Corporation. And we've gotten it down to ten cents a page. We're digitizing in 27 locations in six countries. We're digitizing over a thousand books a day. And it's going along very smoothly and very well. So this whole flow in terms of how to do this, and this includes all of the optical character recognition going and putting it into about 15 different formats, storing it on two continents, all of that stuff. About ten cents a page, or $30 a book. So about $30 a book is what it costs to digitize a book at the level of quality that you can see, which we're pretty proud of. So where are we? Well, if it's a 10 million book library that we're trying to build, I'm using rougher numbers than your 27 percent. But about 20 percent is out of copyright. About 2 million. 7 million in copyright, but out of print. And 1 million in print. We think that the public domain should be free, really honest to God, free. None of this, oh it's free but Google says we can't do anything with it, free. None of that. Free. You can download all of it and go nuts. And we're now at 2 million books that have been posted on the Internet Archive. So I'd say in many ways check, we're doing pretty well on that front. So over this period of time, of 8 years we in the open world I think have gotten a large part of the way there. We're a bunch of the way through the out of print but still have quite a bit to go and we're starting to buy books from publishers on our terms. Old style. Buying them. And at least French publishers are going for it if not the core. Yeah. What do you do with it? Lending. What we're finding is lending is a good model. It doesn't cause people to ranker. It doesn't cause people to have endless negotiations with lawyers. It's kind of what we have always done. We bought things, we lent it out. And there's no lawsuits. Maybe one will pop up tomorrow. But so we've been doing it now for about two years led with there are now about a thousand libraries that have contributed in copyright books to be digitized and offered under their name a thousand from six countries and there people are borrowing them all over the place in an in library lending program as well as public library. So you have to be either inside a library or on campus or not. Signing up because we got money from the stimulus program to digitize a hundred thousand books so that all of that is available to anybody that wants to sign up for free. I'm just going to flip through how it works. These are the thousand libraries in eight countries. If you're in one of the Boston public libraries if you go to the open library site you can see that you can get this particular book say I want to borrow it this is a new book you look too young to be a mom say okay I want to borrow that this book said it's been checked out somebody else has it so you can't have it and since we only own one physical copy we're only lending out one copy of this book at a particular time. This is another book that we bought as digital from this particular publisher you can download the PDF and be able to see it in Adobe digital editions and people are all over the world and doing it now. It says you can loan the expires and every after two weeks it automatically goes away unless you return it explicitly. A Mayflower Ancestors book that's being borrowed from the Boston Public Library and it says that it's from the Boston Public Library you say you want to read it in a browser thanks to the Boston Public Library from 1946 and now you're reading in a browser on things like iPads or iPhones or whatever it is you want to be reading on. So the idea of this lending program for dealing with the out-of-print is going along very well and it hasn't run into some of the other problems that others have or at least not yet. So who has joined? We're now over a thousand libraries University of Toronto, Alberta, Florida are all in. We have now all the public libraries in Kansas, California and North Carolina and turning those on over time and Colorado Public Library Consortium and a bunch of other libraries around the world. Working on distributed discovery by offering all of the mark records to be integrated in with other people's catalogs if they want to or they can use an API service to be able to get to them. How to join basically you have to contribute a book you have to open up all your public domain books IP address IP addresses that define who it is you are and a contact person and it's free. So I want to say that there's a possibility here of digitizing and lending books and buy and lend e-books that this is a way that's working it doesn't have any centralized points of control. I think we can make this go. It's not that expensive. We're in process to try to get to the 10 million book library we're sort of at kind of two, two and a half million. Now we still have a ways to go. One thing that I would like to throw out there is let's do a million books and have all of the people that are contributing significant amount of money. Say 20 of us get together, 25 of us get together and say let's do the next million books. Then I would suggest that we digitize those and put that million books back into your physical collections. You'd have a few of these and you're restricted by copyright to what it is you can do. We're all law abiding citizens here but exactly figuring out what we can do or not do, we can certainly give it to our blind and dyslexic and they're starting to be more and more aspects of what we can do. Owning and serving a copy of this whole library costs $30,000 in hardware and declining fast. So what of our libraries would really not want to own a copy of the 10 million books? But then look at the people that you're looking to work with and are they going to give them to you? And I would suggest that there is a role for us to have in our collections for a computer scientist, for a social scientist, for linguistics, for doing all sorts of interesting things that wouldn't be necessarily put up on an internet archive, a Hathi trust, do it yourselves. These are the great libraries of the world. The corner we've turned is that the equipment is just not that expensive, that the capability of making searchable, browsable, downloadable, readable, can be legal within lending constraints and appreciate it. So this is just a way of saying there's an alternative. It's being built by a large number of others. Thank you very much. Thank you for listening. Music was provided by Josh Woodward. For more talks from this meeting please visit www.arl.org.


Hi and how are you all today? The question says differentiate under root tan x with respect to x from first principle. Here let y be equal to under the root tan x. Right? Or we can say that y plus change in y is equal to under the root tan x plus change in x. Right? Further let this be the first equation and this be the second equation. Now on subtracting the second equation from the first we get change in y is equal to under the root tan x plus change in x minus under the root tan further we have now it adds. Now let us rationalize the numerator by multiplying and dividing it by under the root tan x plus change in x minus under the root tan x. Similarly this will be the term in the denominator also and on doing so we have it adds a minus b a plus b will give us a square minus b square that will be tan x plus change in x minus tan x upon under root tan x plus change in x plus under the root tan. Now further we can write it as sin x plus change in x upon cos x plus change in x minus similarly it can be written as tan x can be written as sin x upon cos and the numerator remains the same here we are not changing tan into sin and cos. Now further we have on taking the LCM we have sin x plus change in x into cos x minus sin x cos x plus change in x upon under root tan minus under root tan x. Change in y upon change in x is equal to limit change in x upon x and this all these part will be in bracket. Can we now written as on using the limits that is 1 upon cos x into cos x under the root tan x plus under root tan x. Can we written as secant square x upon under root tan require answer to this question. Hope you liked it have a nice day.


2. Sir Edward Wilfred Travis, Deputy Director, from Colonel Lionel Pierce, Bletchley Park, date, 6th November 1944, regarding German project in Upper Celestia. Sir Edward, in obedient to your order of 26th October, I have directed the staff of my section to identify and analyze intelligence relevant to an understanding of special German military assets and projects that are located in areas that we expect the Soviets to take in the next 60 days. This memorandum discusses such a German asset. The juries have it in Upper East Celestia near Katowice, an area that we expect Marshal Konev to overrun in the next few weeks, in view of the implications of the Soviets acquiring and possessing this asset, I wanted to get this report to you immediately. I attach three exhibits. Exhibit one, plain text decrypt of an intercepted pre-war enigma communication. As this was an older message, we didn't prioritize breaking the code on this one and it remained in the queue until a few weeks ago, when one of the lads took it up as a training exercise. Exhibit two, intercepted orders dated 7th August 1941, from R. Hydrich to Dr. Edward Wirth, regarding the construction of a facility to house the asset. Exhibit three, description of assets and protocol for its handling. I respectfully suggest that command convey this information, in particular exhibit three, to the Soviets through appropriate channels. They need to know what to do when they get there, and more pointedly, what not to do. Respectfully, S. L. Pierce. Attachments. Exhibit one, 24th January 1939. Two, Dr. Schmidt, N. Schwabenland. Coordinates. From S. S. Gruppenfuhrer, Reinhard Heydrich, Reichsicherheitshauptamt. Heil Hitler! Allow me to be among the first to congratulate you and your team on your discovery at Austwold and Ridge. Colonel Pierce's note, German name for geographic feature at 73 degrees six minutes south, by one degree 35 in its west. Berlin has been following the reports of your expedition to Antarctica, with the closest attention. Although the Airbesenzahler translated as beam counters, will probably be less than pleased that the establishment of a German whaling station on the Antarctic continent has proved to be impracticable. That setback cannot diminish the results of your valuable scientific work. The ship N. Schwabenland is to remain in the Antarctic for a few weeks more. You and your team, however, are directed to return to Germany immediately and bring her with you. Colonel Pierce's note, here and elsewhere, the juries refer to the asset as she or her. See exhibit three for our best effort at a physical description. In 11 days, the Kriegsmarine will dispatch U-38 from Wilhelmshaven to pick you up and convey to Hamburg. U-38's three forward compartments have been modified into upper warung scama, translated as containment chamber. Feed her if you must, then freeze her just as you had found her, then crate her, and get her aboard the U-boat with as much discretion as possible. Captain Moots of the U-38 has been instructed not to ask questions. You must get her back to the Reich as quickly as possible, as political events in the near future may inconvenience sea access to Antarctica in the short term. You were very brave to dig her up and thaw her out. Do not second guess your own decision based on what happened. It is upon courageous men like you that the Reich's vitality and glory depend. Upon your arrival in Hamburg, you will be presented with the Reich's highest honours. The remains of expedition members Hess, Gruber, Schneider, and Joachim will also be given an honourable burial. In truth, not a burial given the circumstances, but I am sure that the widows will appreciate the gesture. Yours, Reinhard Heydrich, director, Sicherheitspolize. Colonel Pierce's note. We know from subsequent intercepted communications that U-38 returned to Hamburg in late February 1939 and delivered Ernst Schmidt, a few researchers, a large metal tank, and several tons of other equipment. This journey was not without incident. Based on some intercepted communications between U-38 and Admiral Donitz's headquarters in early February 1939, it appears that the crew of U-38 attempted to mutiny and scuttle the boated sea about 120 miles southwest of the Faroe Islands. However, Captain Mutz was able to reassert control on 18 February and notified Admiral Donitz regarding the same. U-38 was retired from service following a rival and disassembled. The tank was loaded onto a rail car and sent eastward. Our man on the ground tracked it as far as Dresden. Exhibit two, 7th August 1941. Two, Dr. Worth. From, he says, Gruppenfuhrer, Reinhard Heydrich, Reichseekerheitshauptamt. Heier Hitler! In four days, you will take delivery of the asset that we discussed after the conference back in June. Gruppe G. Technisch Arbeitsmittel of the Abte-Long nach Richtern-Bestschaffung. Colonel Pierce's note, we believe that this organization directs the Wehrmacht's research division, has attempted for the last two years to make a reliable weapon out of her without success. She is voracious and deadly to be sure, but she has consistently been as great a danger to our personnel as to the enemy. Since we have not yet found an effective way of permanently neutralizing her, we are shipping her to you, so that she may serve the Reich in a different way. In your letter of 22nd July, you noted that the research that Hopsternfuhrer Dr. Mengele will be undertaking under your direction could be carried out with greater efficiency, if there were a reliable means of rapidly disposing of the detritus of failed tests. We believe that she will serve admirably in this capacity, at the Vernichtungslager that you are constructing. However, in order that she may serve this function safely, we have learned from experience that she must be contained in accordance with the attached protocol, which must be observed diligently and without fail. Yours, Reinhardt, Colonel Pierce's note, the protocol document to which Exhibit 2 refers is attached as Exhibit 3. Exhibit 3, Data Expunged. And a file. To learn more about the SCP Foundation, subscribe to SCP Orientation Today and turn the notification bell on so you don't miss any of our videos.


What's up everyone it's your girl Kenzie here from late in sports cards and I'm ripping 2022 panini prism football Hobby four box break number 60 pick your teams Gonna go over the teams and then we will get ripping we've got Ali s dolphins alvin s packers kaloom f with the Giants carlos f with the falcons broncos thanks again carlos closing us out Chad s browns david f washington ed b raiders edward p cowboys hung chi c bills james g with the patriots and titans jeffrey h stealers niners chiefs lions and bucks and seahawks um jesse p ravens joel b jags kenny h with the bears colts cardinals kevin k texans And saints kyle s vikings michael o eagles patrick z chargers ricky b panthers ron l bangles russle b rams and zachary a with the jets All right, best of luck everyone Here we go again only three spots left for the daytime breaks browns broncos titans up next That is the only break with spots remaining More breaks tonight with sam and then uh, kyle will be live over on drip starting at five Good luck everyone Got a merchant of garret wilson ricky orange donovan mcnav for the eagles the 249 jack jones anaya brock purdy bass ricky silver devin duverney first auto up is going to be the 149 texans ricky red wave auto derrick stingley jr james and williams ricky david bell What's up for marz? Let's see some gold. Let's do it. I haven't seen gold yet. Still looking for our snakeskin, too silver fireworks garret wilson orange wave the 60 is going to be a deshawn watson for the browns Jaquan brisker and to rick woolen for the samuel lambert we've got blue ice to 99 elie michel for the niners Now we've got hyper 175 jaquan brisker behind it Carson strong jake furgason silver erin donnell got red waves to 149 ritchie grant falcons zamir white louis sign silver shawnt taylor we got a redemption here blue waves to 199 teddy bruski uh romeo dobs troy anderson our redemption is going to be a danie dimes bass autographs prism silver daniel jones goes to the giants i've seen that one yet to new york Winston elie michel purple ice to 225 kenny clark packers checo and devin loy purple ice to 225 rookie evan neal jailen tober and fadrian mathis silver emergent demian pierce taxons next auto up is going to be to 249 a Oh just kidding. It's just backwards. Dolan schultz cowboys. Sorry ty chandler and sam howl rookie I'll blow for honors already I don't know why that was backwards brilliant joe burrow got blue ice to 99 tyler boy funger and demian pierce silver velas jones jr. rookie purple tyler higby for the rams to 125 dexton hill and erica zucama last pack over tom radie flashback there you go bucks nice hit there orange hutch another nice hit lyons 227 of 249 sam williams and kenneth walker the third rounds and titans left on the next one down to the browns and titans rounds 29 titans 169 two teams left there is the link right there for you last two spots in the daytime breaks heli mitchell we've got richie grant to 149 falcons kenny pickett rookie chris alivey rookie silver singletary our auto to 75 going to be green scope rookie auto josh pascale detroits cross and hassan haskins ricky silver rookie emergent malik willis blue waves to 199 tyran mathy of sinks pittry and hutch rookie base emergent staphon diggs got purple isa 225 quandre diggs algea rookie desmond ridder rookie trail on berks green scope to 75 nice one there titans 30 of 75 village and ekpegeti silver fireworks cmc got orange derrick hannery for the titans to 249 sauce rookie bonito purple power new recruits to 49 jahan dotzen commanders 19 of 49 there orange jahan dotzen right behind it to 249 commanders nicobi dean and philips got silver brandon cooks hyper to 175 devin singletary wandale robinson and truck mcduffey got silver robert woods next auto is going to be to 75 green scope sensational signatures john randall fikeys uh deshawn watson to 199 browns pickens rookie mafe got emergent rookie of garret wilson orange wave to 60 jim kelly bills montreal washington christian watson silver james cook rookie for the bills got purple duce mcallister saints 10 of 125 jordan davis and tyquan thorton rookie silver lockdown shack Leonard we've got blue ice to 99 malik willis wow what a willis case here here you go titans that one is 12 of 99 very nice hit who had him this time around tennessee that is james g grats on that james will mag that one for you gordon and rishad white rookie box three new recruits breeze hall red wave christian watson there you go packers six of 149 there flip it upside down jersey number right we've got alante taylor malcom rodriguez close enough silver rookie john dotzen commanders purple ice to 225 courtland Sutton drake London rookie echelon move silver lockdown cam jordan orange antonio gibson for the commanders to 249 isaac spiller logan hall brilliance johnton taylor orange wave to 60 cowl pits falcons mcreary and trevon walker red wave of alex smith nice color measure for the chiefs drake jackson skylar thompson silver brilliant josh allen blue wave to 199 vince young titans johan dodson and derek steamley jr height javante williams blue ice rookie to 99 drake jackson tibetel rookie and trey mcbride silver jalen waddle we've got orange captain kirk for the vikings 249 ebner and garret wilson rookie base silver brachston barrio snacks auto up is going to be for the cowboys on the silver auto michael gallup evan neal ampere strong jr fireworks cd blue ice to 99 melvin gorn the third broncos calvin austin the third and jack jones rookie silver dick buccas got another redemption here rock pretty rookie and jimison williams save that redemption for last got silver new recruits rookie kenny pickett purple davante parkard 149 125 sorry david bell and jacquan brisker and redemption good luck everyone we've got a george pickins rookie autograph prism silver he goes steelers new recruits garrot wilson rookie blue ice to 99 rookie of tyquan thorton patriots skyler thompson and johan dots and rookie rey kelly silver rookie davante white packers got robbie anderson on the hyper for the carnals staley jr and elante taylor see where we are on this next one just the titans left on the last one 169 just titans left that's what i'm a leak will is case let me tell you silver fred warner niners blue wave to 199 nick bosa um alcumron regas and rake london rookie brilliance matt staffer purple ice to 225 ceh cheeks garrot wilson evaniel orange mild sanders for the eagles that is 106 to 249 strong jr and mccreary silver brilliant josh allen got red wave to 149 mac jones this off color match their packs walker and red uh drake jackson height tealaw loose sign to 249 vikings cook and khalil shekir silver christ jones blue wave worn sap to 199 bucks trail on berks and tibodeaux silver jamal adams we've got to 149 jamal charles on the silver sensational signatures chiefs brine and tristan ebner fireworks dak purple ice to 225 tj watt steelers guanwu and isaac spiller silver jk dob ins we've got to 149 malcom rodriguez red wave rickie auto detroit lands doing well logan hall and calvin austin the third last pack silver new recruits kenny picket orange to 249 tyler conklin got jack jones and a rock party rookie base all right so a recap here again our autos red wave malcom rodriguez lions jamal charles chiefs michael gallup cowboys john randall vikings josh prashile lions staley jr texas giant's redemption of daniel jones steelers redemption george pickens andy blue ice to 99 rookie malik willis tyens 12 of 99 on that one congrats everyone thanks so much again we got 61 it coming right up thank you


All right, here we go Dylan Derby right side in the ram and wait on to our next night's route take off. There he goes top end 1193-113 So today's video I'm gonna show you how to make cheap race gas at home This is what I do Especially if I'm just gonna be you know joy riding frostbite or cruising around Obviously at the track. We usually run like MS 109 But around town and everyday use I try to just run like a hundred octane That way I can still have a pretty hot tune in the truck, but You know Race fuel gets pretty expensive So I'm gonna try to show you how to make it at home and build it get a hundred octane fuel very easily so first thing you're gonna need is Some regular gas. All right. Now. I have a gas station here in Georgia that actually carries 94 pump gas Majority of people will only find up to about 93 pump gas The next thing you're gonna need some VP racing matted it now This is the newer stuff they come out with that is actually the unleaded version Now what this does is this will raise your fuel octane up to seven complete numbers so for instance if you Mix this with 10 gallons of 94 octane regular fuel you will get a hundred and one octane fuel Now if you have 93 pump gas You'll get a hundred octane if you have you know say 92 pump gas. You're gonna get 99 octane But majority of people will have 93 pump gas Available to them so again if you mix this with 10 gallons of 93 pump gas you will get a hundred octane fuel and For instance like me we have 94 pump gas here I can get a hundred one octane with one bottle of this mixed with 10 gallons That's how this stuff works So one bottle treats 10 gallons of fuel and it will raise the octane rating of that fuel up seven numbers If you mix with 10 gallons So for instance, this is a five gallon pill if I was to put 94 gas in here five gallons of 94 or 93 pump gas and a half a bottle of this stuff I can make a hundred to a hundred one octane fuel at home very simple. So Obviously 93 pump gas is pretty cheap. You can usually get it around three dollars and some change a gallon or something right now a Canada stuff is gonna run you about 20 bucks But it makes 10 gallons of race fuel up to a hundred octane That's pretty good deal, you know, usually a five gallon pill of race gas You know even hundred octane VP fuel is gonna run you over 50 to 60 bucks for a fit for a five gallon pill of a hundred octane MS 109 is gonna run you 80 to 95 dollars for a five gallon pill so Being able to make 10 gallons of hundred octane or 101 octane at home with just a can of this stuff is pretty easy Now you can order this stuff online You can go to the parts store and find it usually auto zone O'Reilly's Advanced auto most of your parts stores carry this on the shelf and I actually got the last few cans that I have currently I actually found that O'Reilly's on the shelf and I bought two cans of them But that is what I do guys. I usually run a hundred octane tune around town on the street and even at the drag strip sometimes The times that we are really going all out. I'll usually run MS 109 But for the most part, I'm doing a hundred octane and I'm mixing it myself And that's the cheapest way to do it to be able to get you know up to a hundred octane and Have a pretty hot tune for your daily driving Very easy to do It has the Instructions and everything on the back, but like I said one can to ten gallons of fuel raises the octane number seven numbers So just a recap if I put one bottle of this to ten gallons of 94 pump gas I'm gonna have a hundred and one octane if you have 93 pump gas available to you one bottle of the VP Matative to ten gallons of 93 pump gas is gonna get you a hundred octane And again, this is the unleaded version So this is safe for your O2 sensors catalytic converters all that stuff very very streetable stuff And it's not not terribly expensive I said one can is gonna be usually about 20 bucks or maybe just under $20 a can but it makes 10 gallons of race fuel So that's pretty Pretty damn good and definitely cheaper than buying barrels at the racetrack So other than that guys, I hope that kind of helps you out I'm actually about to mix me up a batch now to put in frostbite, but just wanted to share that That's what I do most of the time for my street driving and Like I said, I'll use a hundred octane at the track a lot also But if it's really really hot outside or we plan on running frostbite pretty hard I will use the MS 109, but the truck always has at least a hundred octane in the tank at any given moment So that's a deal guys. So I hope it helps you out as always stay safe out there Don't forget hit that subscribe button and we'll see you guys on the next one