My name is Gazelle Samizai and I'm a multimedia artist. Honestly, it's been a real honor and privilege. Like several times when I've been here, I was like, oh my gosh, I'm the luckiest person in the world. I just get to come and like learn and research and also because my own art practice is very research-based. One thing that is in common in all the projects that I've done is the idea of telling stories and I very much have been kind of on this quest to put the pieces of my history together because we immigrated to the US when I was a baby. Getting this residence right now, I think has been an affirmation of being an artist here in San Francisco since I am barely new. It's been really nice to have that support.


How do narcissists fake being normal? When you first met the narcissist they were kind and helpful. They were eager to know more about you. They were always there for you but as time went by you saw a different side to them. They no longer displayed sympathy or concern for you. They seem to lack feeling. They may even have laughed at your pain and it's like you were dealing with a completely different person like they had suddenly changed because now they're very mean to you. They lack interest in you. They're showing determination to not change their attitude and position in spite of good arguments and reasons to do so but now you see that they've moved on to someone else and now they're really friendly. They know how to act normal. They know how to be kind and helpful and it leaves you very confused because they're not that way with you. They can turn on this quality of delight in attracting and fascinating other people whenever they need to but it's fake. It isn't real. It's just something they use to manipulate people so that they can get what they want because they want attention and admiration. They want people to have a favorable opinion of them. They want to have a good reputation but they're not really connecting with anyone. They see people as objects that exist to meet their needs that exist to make them feel better about themselves and that's really your only purpose if you're involved with a narcissist which is why when you first met them they showed a lot of interest in you. They were friendly and helpful but it was like they wanted to rush things. They were very impatient and then it wasn't long until they turned against you until they began to devalue you and then before you knew it they were repeating the same cycle with someone else but they're actually very selective about who they choose to fake being normal around. It's only people who they have a use for. People that they're able to manipulate. People who are powerful and successful. People who are physically attractive. They're quick to be friendly to those people because they can gain an advantage by being around them so they're going to be extra nice to them. They will ask personal questions. They will try to learn personal information about those people so that they can later gossip and use it against them but when there's a problem or argument they will brush it aside. They will dismiss it as being unimportant and not worth their consideration. They won't want to talk about it because it's difficult for them to act normal in those types of situations. They don't have good conflict resolution skills and they don't really want to do the work to make it happen so they just pretend like it wasn't a big deal. They will try to keep things positive and friendly. They will act like nothing is wrong. So that it appears normal but really it's all a facade. It's badly organized and pleasant and full of confusion and to need what they display to people. It's a messy situation but they sweep it under the rug. They hide it and try to keep it a secret. They conceal it from public view but they don't really want to connect with other people. They're very shallow and superficial. They just want to have fun. They just want everyone to provide what they need which is why they will change their opinions and behavior according to the situation. They will fake being normal because everything revolves around their own personal gain and they're just looking for attention and validation which is why everything is so superficial with them. There's nothing of a deeper meaning or purpose which is why you cannot have a relationship with them because when it gets difficult to continue or to make progress they're just going to abandon you. Be very cautious. When people are too friendly or helpful to you early on they may have a hidden agenda. Take things slowly because time will show you who they really are. Thank you for watching. I hope this video resonates with you. Please like, comment, share and subscribe. If you would like to donate my PayPal link is in the video description. Coach the inquiries. You can email me at coach.narksurviver.uk. Thank you for watching and I'll talk to you soon.


So we're going to check out interview Martin Doerr. Hi, so who are you? Hi, thank you, fine. I'm Lumix Ambassador and here for the people explaining cameras and making some shootings. And you use a lot this one? I use this G9 together with the Nocturon lens because it's super sharp and it gives me the perfect cello depth for working with people in portrait photography and all that kind of stuff. Did you take this one with that or no? Yeah, sure. Did you take it with this? Can you hold this for a second? So it allows to get super sharp in the eye. Super sharp and nice bokeh in the background so it's really good use, very good lens and good to carry. It's very light? It's very light, yes. What kind is your favorite lens? Yes, there are the 52-200mm and the 10-25mm which is relatively new to the whole range of the lens. Do you use the 10-25mm or? Yeah, it's very good. For photo? For photo because it's more into street photography and architectural photography so it's super sharp and also it's bigger lens, it's very lightweight. And you also use the new S1, right? Yes, sure. And this S1R? This S1R together with the 50mm lens, 1.4. How is that lens? It's wonderful. It's super sharp and there have been tests where it is better than the Zeiss lenses so it's a really, really good lens. Really sharp? Really sharp and easy to use. Which one do you prefer working with this or? To be honest I'm using both, in a lot of my shootings I'm using both cameras, I have them side by side and whenever I want to choose it's no problem. So because the menus of the cameras are nearly the same and therefore it's very easy to use the whole range of cameras. Of course you're a Lumix ambassador but is it possible I can ask do you think there's no better full frame mirrorless in the market? For me it's a real, real good camera because I can work with it all day and especially the grip, it's very ergonomic. So I'm not tired carrying the camera. It's very reminiscent of the G9, the one I'm using to film this video. The designs are, the grip is kind of like a big brother of this one, right? Yeah, sure, yeah. And all that kind of like the style. Yeah, the style and every knobs and menu points are nearly the same so it's not a big deal to work with both cameras at the same time. So this is a Leica? Yeah, it's a Leica. A Leica and the 50-200 is a Leica. Yeah. And the 10-25 is a Leica. Yeah, we have it here. Yeah. It's also a Leica, right? I think so, it's a Leica. Right here? Yeah. This is an amazing lens, no? Yeah, yeah. Can you explain, what do you think about it? Yeah, even it's a bigger lens, it's very lightweighted and you have very precise control because very smooth and it's perfect if you have from, let me say, great to wide angle shooting. It's the ideal companion for the camera, for the G9 or GH5 or whatever. But of those three lenses you talked about, the 42.5 nautical crown, the 10-25 and the 50-200, only the 50-200 has dual IS, no? Yeah. This one doesn't have one, so isn't dual IS really useful for photography? Yeah, it is, but the stabilization of the camera is so good that it's working, it's really working. So it's working great, even with a lens that is not stabilized like this one. Yeah. It looks really, really nice, but it's bigger than my 12-60 Leica. Yeah. And it's not stabilized, but also it's a little bit expensive or something, I think, I'm not sure, but I think it's a little bit expensive. It's a little bit expensive, but it is a dream lens. It's a dream lens. It's super sharp and the image quality is perfect. When I shoot the video now, it'd be wider. It'd be nice to have a wider view. Yeah, just a little bit wider. It's 10 millimeters, yeah. It does something different, right? And it has a 1.7 only. 1.7, yeah. Yeah. Very good. All right, awesome. And this is my lens. No, not quite. Not quite. I have the Leica. Oh, I have this. Oh, yeah. Do you use this or not, this lens? Not too often, but it's a perfect lens. I know it's a perfect lens, but as a portrait photographer, I'm doing more portrait stuff. So, sure, I have the 50 to 200 millimeters and I can show you a picture I did with the 50 to 200. It's only on my phone, but I will show it to you. Maybe that helps. Do you use it a lot, the 50 to 200? Yes. Yes. It's really good. This has been taken with the 50 to 200 of the G9. So, you've been photographer for a while before also doing Panasonic stuff. Yeah. How is it the life in the Panasonic world compared to what you're doing without Panasonic before? For me, it's perfect because it's, like for a cook, having a good knife, it's a working bench and I can work with that tool day and night. I don't have to think about menu points or things that doesn't work. It exactly meets my goals. I'm more an artist than a technical photographer. So, it gives me all the freedom and creativity I can have or I want to have. So, this is for me the right choice. What do you do before, the Panasonic? What do you use? Nikon or Canon? Nikon. Nikon D800. D800. So, how's the difference to do work in a DSLR and work on this stuff, right? I don't want to go back. For sure. I don't want to have a DSLR. What's the main difference? You see what you get exactly in the... Yeah, you see what you get. I'm very eager about having the result immediately.  I often shoot in black and white, only on the screen, to see the contrast and all the light and dark areas to get a better feeling for the image. So, everything you can do is easy to manipulate. All the ratio, the image ratio, which is not possible on a DSLR. Do you think Panasonic has been able to... Look at the S1, right? Match or exceed whatever Sony is doing? Sony for me was never a solution because they are too small, the cameras, too small, and not so... And I don't like the menu. But this is a very personal opinion. It's important to work with the menu. Every day you have to go through the menu. You want to be effective, get to your vision. But how about the performance and all that? The performance for me is perfect. There's nothing... Okay, there are always minor things like they switch the audience which has been in front of the camera. Watching in there. Which is perfect. Which is perfect. I like this. They have made it again on the S1H. Did you play with the S1H? Not yet. You do any video? No, not. Just for behind the scenes, maybe, but not really video. Let's say you have a project right now.  It depends on the wishes the client has. If I know the client, let me say the fashion shooting and they want to make huge prints, then I use the S1 or S1R. If they are only for online presentation or for small printed catalog, then I use the G9. It's probably 90% G9, I'm joking, but very few people do large prints. It's not even a photo, it's drawing. I've seen large prints from the G9, two by three meters. They look amazing also. Are you a fan more of the micro four thirds or the full frame? I couldn't say at the moment. I love the micro four thirds and the size of the cameras and it's really, really good to carry. I had this GX9 in Portugal for shooting with two lenses, the 12.5mm and I think it was the 42.5mm. That was enough. You put the notch crown on this? Yeah, put everything. If you see it when you do complex sunlight shootings it can really good compose the light rays and the sun coming into the screen behind the model. This is even easy to use with the GX9. The main difference between a GX9 and a G9 is the buttons and the stuff like that. You have more serious, faster series, you could shoot with a G9 which is not possible with GX9, but for traveling... For me it's very, very important to have two HD card slots because I have HD cards that break. You do this where you record your bows because it's important if you have a customer you don't want to lose the files, right? You can't really do that on this one. Alright, and what Canon and Nikon are doing is, I'm joking, but this is working. What's happening here, right? Yeah, it's working. It'd be nice to see what's coming next Me too. What do you want? I want a LCD of the G9. Even I'm a visitor, I don't know what's coming. What do you hope for? You have some... This is the camera at the moment, it's really good. Not too much wishes. I also like the... I'm often using the filter menus because they have a very nice and adjustable black and white modes. So I can... When I record in JPEG and in RAW I also can decide afterwards whether I use it in color or take out the JPEG which is often perfect. How about the ND filters? Do you care about this kind of stuff? At the moment not. So maybe for landscape photographers it's important that... Do you mostly take pictures of people? I mostly take pictures. That's the best, right? On landscape we don't care so much about... You have to get up very early. People wake up late, it's much better. Sometimes. Alright, thank you very much. Thank you very much for your time. I'm looking forward to the next Micro Four Third, GH6. I want it to have everything. Yeah, they will come.


I love you all and welcome to my talk on our paper on the impossibility of purely algebraic signatures. My name is Dominik Hartmann and this is joint work with Nico Dötling, Dennis Hofheinz, Eike Kils, Sven Schäger and Bogdan Olsson. So, let's get started. We look at digital signatures and as we all know they are an integral part to modern communications and basically ubiquitous. And therefore various assumptions and primitives have been shown to yield digital signatures. For example, we know that one-way functions are sufficient and necessary to build digital signatures and we can also build them from discrete logarithm assumptions. And the random-oracle model, for example schnoir signatures, from pairings like Bonille-Boyant signatures, from lattices and random oracles, e.g. the construction of gentry et al. and hash functions like merkle trees. And it is always interesting to see which assumptions are actually sufficient to build specific primitives. So what we are looking at is whether just a group is enough to actually build signatures because as of right now there are no constructions from just groups. You always need some additional property like a pairing or a random oracle to achieve signatures. So we ask the question, is this inherent? Can we actually build signatures from just groups? And we prove that for a specific class of natural signatures over groups this is actually impossible. So what are our contributions? Firstly, we've defined this class of signatures which we call algebraic signatures over prime-order groups and show that in the generic group model these signatures can't be secure. Secondly, we define simplified algebraic signatures which also capture hidden-order groups and we show that these simplified algebraic signatures can't be secure even in the standard model. And lastly, we show an application of this whole framework and show that BLS signatures can actually be expressed as simplified algebraic signatures if you instantiate them with an algebraic hash function and therefore we also show that BLS signatures can't be implemented securely with an algebraic hash function. Okay, so let's get started. How do these algebraic signatures actually look like? Because this will be the main focus of this talk. So I'll mainly focus on the prime-order group case and just give you the high-level idea for the hidden-order groups and I'll just briefly talk about the application in the end. So how do we model signatures over just a group? Because it is not so clear how exactly do you prevent an adversary from doing things that are not really allowed or should not be allowed in a group or what these things actually are. So a signature that works just over a group should basically only use the group structure and it should also be independent of the group representation because then it could do all sorts of things with this bid representation. For example, hash the group elements or hash into the group and then the security might actually depend on the hash function and not on the group itself. So especially it should not be allowed to encode some other hard problem into group elements or into the structure of group elements and of course we also need a formalization which actually allows for more than just pathological examples so we need a large class of signatures otherwise an impossibility result wouldn't really be all that interesting. And it seems that the right abstraction for this is the generic group model which was introduced by Schub and later a different definition was given by Maurer. So let me recall the generic group model first. In the generic group model we idealize a prime-order group and instead of giving an adversary access to the group representation it only gets labels for group elements which themselves don't have any structure and don't help in computing anything about the group. So in order to actually use the group the adversary also needs oracles which perform the group operations. And generally in the generic group model the runtime of an adversary or an algorithm is generally measured in the number of group operations that it performs. So oracle queries. Later our adversary will actually be efficient in terms of group operations but inefficient outside the groups except the exact interpretation of that will come later. So keep that in mind. I'll talk about this specific runtime measurement in a bit. So as I said there are two variants of the generic group model one by Schub and one by Maurer and they differ in how they assign these labels. In Schub's generic group model every group element gets a random bit string as a label from some domain that is large enough. While in Maurer's generic group model the labels are sequential so whenever a new group element is given to the adversary it just gets the next label like 1, 2, 3. So they aren't random they are just completely meaningless basically and just a sequence of numbers. So why should we choose one over the other? Well in Schub's generic group model we know that this implies signatures. You can actually prove Schnorr signatures secure in this model and it even can be used to build a random oracle. While in Maurer's group model it's not known to imply signatures. So we use Maurer's generic group model because otherwise impossibility results are actually feasible because we know that there actually are signatures in Schub's generic group model. Okay now that we know what we can do in this model we can talk about how to model algebraic signatures. And the idea is of course we have a prime-order group G and we need some parameters n, k, l and kappa and throughout the rest of this work we will call the message base capital M. And how does such an algebraic signature now look like? Of course we have to define key generation, signing and verification and for key generation of course we get a verification key and a secret key and on the secret key we don't have any constraints it's just a bit string and the verification key consists of n group elements and also some random bit string and for making it clear if I'm talking about group elements or exponents I'll write group elements in these brackets and whenever I'm talking about exponents I will leave the brackets out. So for this verification key if I talk about x without the brackets I mean the discrete logarithms of these group elements. But we don't make any constraints on how this key is actually computed so we just say it looks like this but not how you can compute it. Similarly for the signing algorithm we just demand that a signature consists of k group elements and some bit string t of length at most kappa. And lastly the verification algorithm and here is where we actually do make some constraints and that is we say that the verification is actually just checking linear equations namely we have these matrices a and b which can depend on s the bit string from the public key the message m and the bit string t from the verification key and now verification is just checking that a times x is equal to b times y and note that a and b are actually matrices over zp and this is because of the generic group model because as I said we don't want to be able to hash into and out of the group so these matrices can't create new group elements from sm or t and in the generic group model we also can't multiply two group elements so this actually seems to be reasonable constraints in the generic group model to say that we are only allowed to check linear relations between the public key elements and the signature group elements. Okay, so for every message we get different matrices and because later in the security game we only have one public key I will mostly omit the s from the matrices because it will be fixed either way so we can also think of it as a function only dependent on m and t and this makes everything a bit shorter and notice that the parameters that we defined above so the n, k and l are the dimensions of the matrices and we will see this later in the performance of our adversary so now that we have defined how our signatures look like we also have to define what security we actually prove impossibility for and since we want to prove an impossibility result the weaker the notion the better so we won't use standard ufcma security but ufqrma security and intuitively this just says that an adversary gets q signatures on random messages and the verification key is not allowed to make any signature queries on chosen messages and in the end has to produce a forgery which of course cannot be contained in the messages that he received in the first place and obviously this is weaker than the standard ufcma security so if we show that even this is impossible then of course this also implies that ufcma security is impossible so it makes our result only stronger ok and now that we have defined how our signatures look like and what security notion we consider we can actually state the main theorem for generic groups and for prime order groups and this is our first impossibility result namely if we have an algebraic signature scheme SICK with parameters n, k, l and kappa then there exists a generic group adversary A that breaks the ufnrma security of the signature scheme with probability 1 over n plus 1 and it only makes a polynomial number of group operation queries but the additional runtime so everything else is exponential in kappa but polynomial in n, k, l and the logarithm of the group order so just as a reminder these are the parameters that we consider so the parameter of the assumption this n is the size of the public key so the width of this matrix A and the other parameters as I said l and k are seen in the other runtime of the adversary ok so now let me give you an overview of how this attack actually works and the main idea is twofold namely first the signature verification is public and also it's a linear equation so whenever we see a valid signature this actually tells us something about the verification key or more specifically about the discrete logarithms of the verification key and we can see that if we knew these discrete logarithms this would also already be enough to compute signatures and we also observe that these possible verification keys they form in a fine subspace of finite dimension of Zp or more precisely the discrete logarithms form this affine subspace so whenever we see a new signature one of two things can happen either we can learn something new about the public key or the discrete logarithms of the public key and in this case the dimension of this affine subspace of possible public verification keys decreases by at least one and since this is a finite dimensional subspace this can only happen a finite amount of time or the other case is that the signature doesn't reveal a new constraint but in this case the forgery is already possible because then we could just take any of the public keys or the discrete logarithms of set public key from the space of possible keys and we could forge with that now the question is how do we compute this set of possible verification keys with just polynomially many group operations and if we know this set how do we actually check that such a verification key works because as I said before these matrices A and B depend on M and T so we have to find a message M and T such that we actually can know whether this public key space that we already know is small enough and these are the two main problems that we have to solve and I'll talk about them one after another so first how can we compute this set of possible public keys and well basically the answer is we can't with just polynomially many group operations but we can compute something that is good enough namely we can compute its dual space so we don't compute the set of possible public keys instead we compute the space of constraints on this public keys space so basically we get linear equations of the form z transposed times x so the discrete logarithms of the public key is equal to zero and each signature might reveal some of these equations and these equations also form in a fine subspace of zp to the n and whenever the space of possible public keys would shrink by one the dimension of this dual space increases by one so now instead of having a decreasing dimension we have an increasing dimension but still the vector space has finite dimension so at some point we know either the whole space or we know at least enough that we can actually forge a signature okay but still there's the problem that we need to know when we actually have enough information and how do we find such a pair m and t that we actually know enough and here we see that these constraints are all in this left kernel so what we do is we check for a new m and t if this left kernel of the matrix B times A is actually already covered by all the constraints that we've seen before so these kj's that we defined on the previous slide and since A and B are zp matrices and these constraints are also a subspace of zp to the n this is checkable without group operations and we show in our paper that if this condition holds then there exists a solution to the verification equation and we can actually find it I won't go into the technical details there but it's basically just linear algebra using the basis extension theorem if you want more details you can look it up in our paper okay so now we can collect these kj's by considering the left kernel of the matrices that we get for the signatures that our challenger gives us and for a new message we can actually check if there is a solution by using this inclusion in the subspace so now we can actually show how our adversary works as in the u of rma game it gets n signatures on messages m1 to mn and for each of these messages we compute this affine subspace of constraints ki and we consider the vector space sum of all of these constraints which we call li or ln for the last of these subspaces and as I said these form a rising inclusion of subspaces and then we just take a random message m star and now we have to try for all possible t if this left kernel of b of m star t star times a of m star t star is actually in the set of all constraints and if we don't find such a t well then we didn't know enough constraints on the public key yet and if we do find such a t then we know that there actually exists a solution to this linear equation system that we need to solve in order to get a signature and we can actually solve this with just polynomially many group operation queries because we can compute a weak inverse of b think about it as just Gaussian elimination and then we get a solution for this equation system and since the verification is defined just in a way that this verification equation has to hold then of course this solution is a valid signature and we can just output it and the adversary will win the only thing left to consider now is the probability that such a t star exists or doesn't exist and this is a simple dimension argument because if we assume that for every message m1 to mn and m star the dimension of the constraint space increases by at least one well then in the end we would have a vector space of dimension n plus 1 but it is a subspace of zp to the n which has dimension n so this can't happen so there are at least two messages which are subsequent where the dimension does not increase and since all messages are random with probability at least 1 over n plus 1 this is mn and our message m star and if that is the case then there will be such a t star and we will be successful and this is where the success probability of our adversary comes from okay and this is it for prime order groups now as I said on to the interpretation the attack that I just described is only pseudo efficient that is it needs polynomially many group operations but it is exponential in kappa for operations outside of the group because it has to brute force search over all possible strings t so this is an efficient attack as long as this kappa is small or there is some smart way of finding t star which is not exponential of course this might not always be the case but there are two other possibilities namely either kappa is large and t star is hard to find even with the secret key but if that would be the case well then even an honest signer that knows the secret key wouldn't be able to reliably find it and then he couldn't produce valid signatures and then the signature scheme simply wouldn't be correct so this is unlikely and the other option is that kappa is large and t star is only easy to find with the secret key which is some arbitrary bit string but then the security of the signature scheme relies on finding a suitable t star and then it must rely on some other hardness assumption which is somehow encoded in this bit string in the secret key so by ignoring the computation that we do outside the group what we actually do is something similar to an impagliato-routage style oracle separation there the adversary is normally provided with an oracle of the assumption that we think is not sufficient to show something and a p-space oracle which allows it to solve all other problems basically also there the interpretation is that this p-space oracle allows it to bypass all other external hardness assumptions and only focus on the hardness of this assumption that you get an oracle for and we do almost the same here just that we don't give a p-space oracle but we say that our adversary is unbounded outside of our generic group so even though this doesn't necessarily give you a concrete attack on such signature schemes it is still a reasonable attack for an impossibility result ok, now on to hidden-order groups and the core idea here is similar but there are some new challenges because first of all we can't compute inverse group elements or rather we can't compute inverse exponents and since we need to invert these matrices to do Gaussian elimination and they consist of exponents we can't do this because we don't know the group order so this doesn't work and additionally there is no generic group model for hidden-order groups so the whole oracle separation approach also doesn't really apply so we have to make some simplifications and come up with different ways to show impossibilities here and this is where the definition of simplified algebraic signatures comes in now we define everything over a group of potentially unknown order n and we only have parameters n, k and l and key generation and signing is similar but we omit the bit strings for the verification key this isn't actually a constraint because now we actually get the representation of the group elements so we could encode this string s into the group elements for the signature this is actually a constraint because this string t was an important part of the previous definition and here we don't have it so this is why these are simplified algebraic signatures and the verification equation then of course also is simplified now a only depends on the verification key m because we don't have t and b can only depend on the verification key and not on the message which is a constraint on the proof that we use later so here is also a small simplification note however that a and b depend on the whole verification key and not just on some bit string because as I said we are not in a generic model but the adversary gets to see also the representation and can actually use it okay so let me state the impossibility result for these simplified algebraic signatures and it is actually pretty similar to the previous one again let sik be a simplified algebraic signature scheme with parameters as before over group g this time of potentially unknown order and now we are in the standard model so we say that now there exists a polynomial time adversary in the dimensions of the matrices and this adversary wins the u of q s r m a game with probability 1 over q s plus 1 so again the probability of winning corresponds to the parameter of the assumption and here q s is larger than before namely it is n times l squared times t max where t max is polynomial in the logarithm of the group order which is the size of the public key plus the message length it is still all polynomial but it has to be a bit larger because now instead of working over a field we work over the integers and there we have to bound the size that the integers might take and to do this efficiently we have to use more signatures and what is the proof idea here we want to combine previous signatures into new signature and due to the constraints we can just do linear combinations of previously seen signatures this is why this matrix B can only depend on the verification key and not on the message but as I said the problem is now we have to work over the integers because in an unknown order group we can't invert so we can't work over it as a regular vector space or field and to solve this is the so-called Hermite normal form short h and f and if we compute this over the matrices a of vk mi for all the mi for enough signatures in a specific form which I won't go into detail here then we can use this to find a linear combination of this a vk m star and we can do this efficiently and this h and f has some nice properties which allows us to accurately bound the number of signatures that we actually need with a similar dimension argument and some properties of the h and f so as I said we also cover BLS signatures and for this we define plain algebraic signatures which also include pairings although they are pretty much similar made to the setting with algebraic hash functions and I won't go into the details here if you want to learn more then you can look at our paper and then we apply our impossibility result for simplified algebraic signatures to these plain algebraic signatures in the standard model and of course there are still some open questions as I said algebraic signatures are a bit limited for example we don't consider inequalities because they could also be checked in a generic group model and another open question is can we remove the simplifications we made in the hidden-order group setting and of course similar results for short purely hash based signatures would also be interesting because now we talked about signatures just from groups and we know that with groups and random or hash functions in general we can build short signatures but from groups we can't and from hashes we only know long signatures so this would also be an interesting question thank you all for your attention and if you have any questions feel free to ask them at the conference bye


Hello and welcome to CMC Markets and this is the preview of the week beginning 17th of July. The main focus of my attention this week is going to be on the latest UK inflation data in light of the wages data that we saw earlier this month, which came in at 2%, a slight increase from the 1.7% that we saw in April, and also be looking at UK retail sales for June as well, in light of the disappointing number that we saw in May. And certainly I think the health of the UK consumer has been a concern in the second quarter of this year, particularly since average earnings have fallen significantly below the level of inflation. So I'll be looking at UK inflation this week and UK retail sales in the context of a continuing debate I think on whether or not it will be wise to reverse the rate cut that we saw the Bank of England implement in August of last year. And that also ties into a wider debate about central bank policy more globally in light of the rate hike that we saw from the Bank of Canada, which followed on from the rate hike, the third rate hike, that we've seen from the US Federal Reserve in the last seven months, which we saw them implement in June. So the big question I think is are central banks starting to consider quite strongly the prospect that we could well see a slightly tighter monetary policy going forward? Certainly bond markets do appear to be reflecting that so-called new normal, and we're sort of seeing that in this chart that I've got here in front of me, this Bloomberg chart here. In the past two or three weeks, we've seen bond yields, not only in UK guilts but also on German bonds jump quite substantially on the basis that there is a perception now that central banks more globally are looking less about more stimulus and looking at more about pairing back that stimulus. Certainly comments made by ECB President Mario Draghi at the end of June would appear to suggest that that is the discussion that is going on behind the walls of the governing council at the ECB. We could well get some colour on that on Thursday when the ECB meets for its latest policy meeting. I think it's unlikely that we'll see any new indicators as to whether or not the ECB will look to taper its 60 billion euro a month stimulus programme, but I certainly think there is some speculation that they could outline a plan as soon as the September meeting and even before that at the Jackson Hole annual symposium which takes place at the end of August. So in the context of the way euro has gone, that could be a very, very interesting discussion over the course of the next few weeks. Certainly it's been reflected in the performance of the euro dollar and I think the performance of the euro has also been helped by the fact that Janet Yellen, chairwoman of the Fed, was slightly more dovish and affected by investors in comments to US policy makers at a Humphrey Hawkins testimony. Her comments about inflation and her comments about a much lower neutral level of interest rates would appear to suggest that potentially the Federal Reserve could have done the bulk of the heavy lifting when it comes to interest rate hikes and ultimately their focus now is more on balance sheet reduction. I think something that she's probably likely to get a much better consensus for on the FOMC than the possibility of future rate rises. And I certainly think that's been reflected in Fed fund projections with respect to the possibility of a rate rise this year. It's a less than a 50% probability that we'll see one more rate rise before the end of this year. In fact, it's more likely that the Bank of England could well reverse the August rate cut that we saw last year by the end of this year. Given some of the recent data, that still I think remains very much a 50-50 bet. But certainly I think given recent comments by Andrew Haldane, the Bank of England's chief economist, it has appeared to be slightly more of a discussion about the prospect of at least reversing the rate cuts that we saw last year even if it doesn't mean a complete reversal of the current easy monetary policy. In fact, comments by Ian McCafferty would appear to suggest that he's in favour of potentially tapering back quantitative easing as well. So we may not be having a discussion about a rate hike. We could actually be having a discussion as we head in towards the end of this year where the Bank of England actually starts thinking about withdrawing its current stimulus package. So that also ties into the rebound that we've seen in UK guilt yields. So what does this mean for currencies more broadly in terms of what to expect? Well, I think a lot will depend on this week's inflation data. UK CPI is currently running at 2.9%. And I think there is a good chance that that could well soften over the course of the next few months. Certainly I think in the context of what we've been seeing with respect to oil prices is helping, I think, temper inflation expectations even if the weakness of a pound isn't helping. But what we have seen over the course of the past few days is we appear to have found a little bit of a base around about 127.5%. Despite that brief drop below it in the middle of June we were able to reverse it quite quickly by running into a barrier around about 130.40%. That, I think, for me is the big level on the cable at the moment. If we can get through 130.40 and we could go for a little bit of a run to the upside but I think a lot of that will also depend on how weak or otherwise the dollar is over the course of the next few trading sessions. I think what's more important in the context of the euro-dollar is where the euro-dollar goes to next. We do appear to be finding a decent area of support above this 113 area which I highlighted as a previous resistance in the early part and in the middle of June. Now that we're above that we do appear to be finding a little bit of support above there. But what is particularly interesting, I think, with respect to the euro is that on some of the crosses we do appear to be showing some signs of a little bit of topiness, if you like. If we look at euro-yen, for example, we can see on the daily chart here a potential bearish reversal there on euro-yen which could suggest that maybe we could go for a little bit of a trip to the downside towards 125.80% and these previous highs through here through May. We haven't as yet been back towards that. Certainly, this does appear to suggest that there is a little bit of selling interest up around the 130 area but we've also seen a similar sort of a daily reversal on euro-stirling as well over the course of the past couple of days. So certainly be keeping an eye on euro-stirling and the euro-yen for further evidence as to whether or not we're going to see potential sterling strength over the course of the next few trading sessions. We're going to wrap this up with basically talking about UK retail sales. There has been some concern that UK consumer has been pulling back over the course of the previous month simply because of the squeeze on average incomes. Certainly the May retail sales numbers that we saw were very disappointing. They declined 1.2% but that has to be put in the context of a 2.3% rise that we saw in April. As far as the British retail consortium has been concerned their retail sales numbers were quite encouraging at plus 1.2%. So will the June ONS retail sales numbers be as encouraging? The forecast is for them to come in around about 0.4% but that could go either way given how wages and inflation is unfolding at the moment. But that's really it for this week. Keep an eye out for the ECB, the Bank of Japan, the UK data, UK inflation data and UK retail sales data. That's it for this week. Thanks very much for listening. This is Michael Houston talking to you from CMC Markets.


Change can happen really quickly when you have the right rules, regulations and incentives in place. And then California passes AB 32, an emissions control law that had large incentives for renewable energy. I mean look at this, the whole of California is being lit up by solar PV. And all of that happened in less than 15 years.


Here we go. Christmas message. In here. In here. In here. In here. Right. Here we are. I'm filming. I'm filming now. Christmas everyone and a merry new year. Hello everyone. Susan from Lathamper here. Wishing you all a healthy and happy festive season. Thank you for all your guidance and support over the last year. Merry Christmas everyone and a very big thanks to Jane, Chris and everyone else involved for all the fantastic webinars you've been running throughout the year. They've been great. See you next year everyone. Hi Chris and Jane. I'm Katie. I work at University of the Arts London and I just want to say Merry Christmas and thanks for all your help this year. Merry Christmas everybody. It's been a funny year hasn't it? But yeah, things are alright aren't they? They're not too bad! Have a good one. Yay! See you later. Bye!


Hello, everyone. I'm Sanjay Gupta. I welcome you on Sanjay Gupta Tech School. In this video, I'm going to discuss about admin config related questions and answers. So if you are giving interview as an fresher, so there may be a question like what is Salesforce? So you can say Salesforce is the world's most popular CRM system. CRM basically stands for Customer Relationship Management. So many companies and customers rely on this dynamic web-based low-cost CRM platform. It was founded in 1999 by a formal oracle executive Mark Benioff. Salesforce CRM provides a complete feature with solution for marketing, sales services, health, nonprofit, education, partner and community management, etc. Next question can be what is CRM? So as I told you, it stands for Customer Relationship Management. So broadly defined CRM is a strategy for managing a company's interaction with clients and sales prospects and ensuring the connect sustains throughout the relation. So if you want to build a system where you interact with a customer, so that system is basically known as Customer Relationship Management and Salesforce basically implements this functionality. So it can be known as a CRM. Now, what all editions are available in Salesforce? So we have personal edition, we have group edition, professional edition, enterprise edition, performance edition, unlimited edition, developer edition, contact manager editions. Then what all licenses are available in Salesforce?  So these are some examples of licenses which are available in Salesforce. Now some technical questions like what is object? So an object is similar to a database table in Salesforce where you can store information. So object can be of two type, it can be of standard type and can be of custom. So standard objects are those which are provided by Salesforce by default and custom objects are those which we create as per our requirement. So here you can see if you have standard objects, so label will be account, it is just an example. And if you create custom objects, so maybe you provide label as student. Then plural labels, these plural labels are used for tabs. So whenever you create tab for any object, so it uses plural label because under tab you will be having more than one reports. Then API name, so if you have standard objects, so its API will be simple like account. But if you have custom objects, so its API name will be having underscore underscore C appended automatically. So this way with the help of API name you can easily recognize which is standard object and which is custom object. Now one more thing, if you want to know or you want to learn like how to create object and other things that we will be discussing in this question and answer video. So you can visit studysalesforce.com where I have placed all my videos, those I created on Salesforce. So you can view those videos so that you can learn things in detail. Next question can be asked like what is field? So field is like a database column. There are various data types are available in Salesforce to create fields. By entering values in fields we create a record in Salesforce. Fields can be standard as well as custom. So if field is standard, so there won't be underscore underscore C appended in the API name. But if it is custom field, so you will see underscore underscore C for sure. Now what is tab? So clicking on tabs we can navigate around an application, right? So every tab serves as a starting point of viewing, editing and entering information for a specific object. So you just need to remember like whenever you create any object. So if you want to access that object from the front end, so for that purpose you need to create a tab. Otherwise you won't be able to access your object from the front end. So when we click a tab, the corresponding homepage. That object appears. For example, if we click the accounts tab, the accounts tab homepage appears. It gives you access to all of the account records. We can view details of a particular record by clicking on it. So after creation of object, tab creation is also an important thing. Now what is an app? So an app is a container for all the objects, tabs and other functionality. It is similar to a programming project where we keep all our code files. The Salesforce app consists simply of a name, a logo and ordered set of tabs. So apps can also be of two types like some apps are provided by Salesforce by default. Those can be called as standard application. If you want to create new applications, so that is also possible. So those are known as custom app. And if you want to know like how we can create. I would say visit study Salesforce.com. There you will find all the videos to learn how these things works in Salesforce. What is record? Records are the rows or you can say entries in object which are uniquely identified by their IDs. We can create records by entering values and fields available in an object. We can create, add it, view and delete a record in Salesforce. Then standard navigation and console navigation applications. So we have two types of application. Standard navigation opens one record at a time on the page. Whereas in console navigation, if you open more than one record, so they are opened in sub tabs together. Now if you want to create a field, so they can be question like what type of data types available. If you want to create a field. So this is the list. So I'm just reading the names so that you can remember few of them. So we have auto number, formula, roll up summary, lookup relationship, master detail relationship, external lookup relationship, checkbox, currency, date, time, email, geolocation, number, percent, phone, pick list, pick list, multi-select, text, text area, text area long, text area rich, text, encrypted, time and URL. So these are the data types available so that by picking any of the data type you can create fields. Now if you want to know like how we can create particular type of field. Just visit studysalesforce.com there you will find individual videos related to these data types. Now what is lookup relationship? So it creates a relationship that links one object to another object. The relationship field allows users to click on a lookup icon to select a value from a pop-up list. The other is the source of the value in the list, right? So let's take an example. If you have two objects or two entities, for example, college and student. So you have created one object for college and one object for student. Now one college can have many students, right? So on student object you will be creating a lookup relationship that will lookup to college. So here you can see lookup relationship basically we use when we have one to many relationship. So always remember lookup field is created on the child object which is on the many side. And it will lookup to the parent object and you can say like it is loosely coupled relationship because if parent records are deleted in that case child records are not deleted. Next is what is master detail relationship? So it creates a special type of parent child relationship between two objects. One is known as child or detail where we create where master detail relationship field. So basically master detail relationship field you have to create on the child object as I explained for lookup. And another one is known as parent or master. So some more points are listed here. So required on all detail records. So if you create master detail relationship in that case all the child records must be linked to at least one parent record, right? It is required whereas in case of lookup it is optional. Ownership and sharing of a detail record is determined by the master record. So the parent or master record sharing and security will be automatically applied to the detail or child records. This doesn't go with lookup relationship. If user deletes the master record then all detail records are deleted. One can create roll up summary fields on the master record so that detail records can be summarized. So it is a special feature that is only available with master detail relationship. It is not available with lookup. Now what is roll up summary field? So it is a read only field that displays the sum, minimum or maximum value of a field in a related list. This field also can count all records available in the related list. Related list means one object that is on parent side if it's record. If you open that record and if it is this object is linked with any child object. So all the child records related to that particular parent record they can be found in the related list. So whatever records are available in the related list so roll up summary will be applied on that. Roll up summary field is always created on the parent object. Also when you create the roll up summary field so you can apply conditional roll up summary as well. Like you want to include all the records or certain records basis on the condition. Now again if you want to know like how we can implement these things so just visit studysalesforce.com. Next question can be convert lookup to master detail. Yes, but first you need to populate values in lookup field on each record available on the object. If you convert lookup to master detail so in case of master detail that field is required. It should have some value populated but in case of lookup it is optional. So you need to make sure if you are converting lookup field into master detail. So on each child record that lookup field should be having some value. Next question can be convert master detail to lookup. Yes, but if you have created roll up summary fields then you need to delete those fields before converting master detail to lookup. Many to many relationships so it is another type of relationship. So lookup and master detail both are one to many relationships. So lookup is loosely coupled and master detail is tightly coupled relationship. But if you have a requirement like where you want two objects and for example we have two objects A and B. So A can be having one record and many records those are available and under B object related and vice versa is also possible. Like B record is parent and it is having more than one child records those are available under A. So this is like many to many relationship. Okay, so here you can see this can be implemented with the help of junction object. So example object one is class and object two is student. So junction object create lookup or master detail field one related to class and another related to student object. So here if I elaborate this so here you can understand we have two objects class and students so one class can have many students and one student can have many classes. So this way if you want to build a relationship so you can have junction object created. So that junction object will be having lookup and master detail associated with both class and student. What is formula field? So it is a read only field that derives its value from a formula expression you define the formula field is updated when any of the source field change. What is the difference between pick list and multi select pick list. So it is quite simple pick list in pick list user can select one option in multi select pick list user can select one or more option together. What is global pick list value set so global pick list value set can be used by any pick list or multi select pick list and any object. So for example, if you want to create a pick list under several object which will be having week days. So what you can do you can create a global pick list named as week day and that global pick list you can use under any object wherever you want to create pick list or multi select pick list. What is field dependency. So create a dependent relationship that causes the value in the pick list or multi select pick list to be dynamically filtered based on the value selected by the user in other another field. So the field that derives filtering is called the controlling field standard and custom check boxes and pick list with at least one and less than 300 values can be controlling field right. The field that has its value filtered is called the dependent field custom pick list and multi select pick list can be dependent fields. So this you need to remember about field dependency. Now what is page layout. So page layout is used to display field values for records through page layout. We can control related lists as well. What is compact layout. So compact layout is used to display selected fields and buttons on the page. It is also known. It is also shown when we hover on the lookup relationship field or maybe master detailed relationship field. What is related list. So when lookup and master detailed relationship fields are created then on parent object related list will be available through related list. We can view child object records on parent object types of lightning pages. So we have three types app page home page and record page. And if you want to create any of the page so in setup quick find you need to search app builder and through that app builder you can create any type of the page. If you want to know how we can create just visit study Salesforce dot com component visibility. So it helps to apply filter criteria to control whether components should be visible on the page or not. So if you want to apply component visibility so you need to edit your page. So to edit the page you can go to top right corner there you will see gear icon if you click you will find edit page option. And it will open the app builder and from there you can select particular component and then apply the component visibility. What is validation rule. So to apply custom validation we create we can build validation rules validation rule fires when the defined criteria matches upon record insertion deletion and updation right. Next question is what is feed tracking so feed to tracking enables to track changes of selected fields and related records as well. Changes are shown in the chatter component. It shows old value new value and who changed. What is field history tracking so field history tracking enables to track changes of selected fields. Changes are shown in the history related list. It shows old value new value and who changed. What is activity component so activity component enables users to use following actions like event task email log up all. What is chatter component so chatter component is used to track feeds users can post content on records also they can mention other users. What is duplicate rule and matching rule so duplicate rule prevent creation of duplicate records. It shows either warning or block record creation and updation in case of duplicates we can create reports on duplicate records as well.  Then matching rule here we need to set the criteria for duplicate check. What is list view so list view shows list of records available under object we can choose which fields to display in the list view. We can also apply sharing and filters on list views. What is record type so record type helps to launch different page layouts and can show different pick list values for different layouts. And if you want to know how we can create and how we can control pick list and layout so visit study salesforce.com. What is schema builder so schema builder helps to view objects and pictorial representation one can see the relationships between multiple objects. One can create objects and fields through schema builder as well. And if you want to open schema builder so you need to open setup in quick find you can search for schema builder. What is email template email templates contains messages and merge fields that can be sent through automation tools like flow or trigger. We have classic email templates that is having text HTML custom and visual force for types and we have lightning email template as well. Global action versus object specific action global action one can execute operation without opening any record on object and object specific action can be executed through records of an object. One sorry what is sales process so one cannot control stays pick list value of opportunity object through record type. So one can create a sales process to control stays pick list values of opportunity object for different record types. And for this I created a video that is available on study salesforce.com so you just need to watch like how this can happen. What is support process one cannot control status pick list value of case object through record type. So one can create a support process to control status pick list value of case object for different record type. So this process is also available on study salesforce.com. What is lead process one cannot control status pick list value of lead object through report type. So one can create a lead process to control status pick list values of these lead object for different record types. What is setup audit rails so setup audit rail shows a list of changes done by a user in the org in different components one can download past six months changes. And if you want to search for setup audit trail so you need to go to setup and in quick find you can search for setup audit trails. Different ways to make a field required so you can make field required from field itself. You can make it required from page layout through validation rule and through trigger. Different ways to make a field read only so through FLS field level security through page layout through validation rule and through trigger. What is help text help text basically shows additional information about a field. It is optional to have help text for fields. What is data import wizard so it helps to import data from Excel or CSV format into Salesforce. One can find this in setup. One can import up to 50,000 records at a time. One can perform insert update and absurd operations through data import wizard. So it is in build in build tool. You don't need to install it. It is available with your org by default. If you want to learn how it works. Visit study Salesforce.com go to administrator section. You will find it. What is data loader. It helps to import data from Excel or CSV format into Salesforce. One has to install it in the computer through setup. So in setup you can find this and you can install one can import up to five. Five million records through it at a time. Right. Operations in data loader. So we have insert update absurd delete export export all includes delete records as well. So these are the operations which are supported by data loader. And if you want to learn like how these operations work. So I created a video which is available on study Salesforce.com in administrator section. Okay. So this is all about like admin configuration questions. So I tried to cover as many questions as I can. There may be more questions, but these are the basic things that you need to know if you are a fresher and you are appearing for admin interview. So I hope these question and answer will help you to prepare for interviews as a fresher. Thank you.