Hello everyone. Okay. We will talk today about line shapes. Well, I probably do not have to tell you that spectroscopy is really one of the very unique diagnostics tool, plasma diagnostics tools because it allows for probing plasma non-intrusively. Well, in general, what is spectroscopy? Just looking for radiation that's coming from plasma. But you can look at that at different levels. You say just, okay, there is a light. And you say, okay, there is a plasma. Then you can look a bit in more detail like using the toy spectrometer Yuri gave everybody to test on the first day of this school. And then you see there is some discrete spectrum, which already says you can infer probably more or less roughly the temperature, electron temperature of the plasma. Well, of course, the chemical composition. Looking even at more details, you now start to see that this discrete spectrum actually consists of many lines with each having its own width and shift. And that already may give you some information about plasma density. Looking even with more details, you no longer see the separate lines as just something which has only width and then shifted. But there is a real line profile, line shape. And line shape gives you provided you have tools and you know how to calculate the interpreted line shape data. You can get a lot of more information about plasma, including density like it was before, but also electromagnetic field, which could be just spontaneous fields like plasma waves that have been created in the plasma, also macroscopic external fields. So what is line shape? Actually, it tells you what is the probability to emit or to absorb a photon at a given energy or wave usually one uses normalized to unity line shape. Sometimes in some books you will see and also you saw it in the previous lectures that people sometimes define it with a phi. I prefer to use L to designate normalized line shape, area normalized line shape. Howard already mentioned yesterday that absorption and emission line shapes are not necessarily the same. That's usually the case, but not always. Just please keep it in mind. We will not talk about this here because it's a rather advanced topic indeed, but one needs to keep it in mind in general. Many units you will see people use in different rocks. That could be frequency, some use angular frequency, wave number, which is just frequency over the speed of light and expressed in units of inverse centimeters, or in units of read-bursts. Again, it could be expressed in wave number, units, or in units of energy. People say both values read-burst, so strictly speaking read-burst is just the energy unit. And finally there is wave length, which is the inverse value of the wave number. For most of them you can easily convert one to another. For example, EV, just multiplication by some number, fixed number, you can convert it to inverse centimeters, or hertz, or angular frequency. When you want to convert to wave lengths, you have something different. You need to make to calculate inverse of that value. Usually people in line shapes talking about not absolute values of energies or frequencies, but only a deviation, which for example one, if one talks about width, right? And these values are usually much smaller than the value itself, that the unperturbed energy or unperturbed wave lengths. And for most of these units and entities the conversion is exactly the same, except for wave lengths, which now makes even more complex. And you often see in literature expressions which involve something like delta lambda over lambda squared, which what I want to say is they are just unnecessary complex. In my view they are also ugly. And come on, when we all now know quantum mechanics, and in quantum mechanics there is no wave length really, except for the Brault, okay? The experimentalists have always used wave lengths, anstrom, or nanometers lately, because the spectrometers itself are based on the wave nature of the light. That's okay. They are based on interference or diffraction and all wave optics phenomena. But physics is really about energy, not about wavelengths. So I will use only energy or angular frequency units. In atomic units they are the same. And I actually urge you to always try to use, to work with one of these good units and non-end wave lengths, especially when you are talking about line broadening in plasma. Okay. In plasma there are several phenomena that affect line radiation. These are the motion of the radiator, which is the Doppler effect and magnetic field, which gives rise to the effect of Zeeman splitting. And finally the electric field, which is the reason for stark effect. One can mention also natural broadening and some other types of natural decays, not only radiative like Kozhe. But in principle I would say all this is due to the interaction with magnetic or electric fields of spontaneous radiation. So basically it's just those three. Okay. Let's start with the Doppler effect, the simplest one. So instead of original energy or frequency, the light is an emitter. You detect the light, which is shifted by a constant value, which is proportional to the velocity, to the projection of velocity towards the observer. So in plasma there are a huge number of particles, a huge number of emitters, and each one emits at a, in each one has a different velocity. So one we need to go from a distribution of particle velocities, which is defined by e p of v, to the distribution of frequencies or energies that you absorb. So that's just a trivial variable substitution. And you can get the line profile, which is expressed through distribution of velocities. And the conversion factor here is the derivative of frequency shift with respect to velocity. And one needs to take the derivatives as a point when the velocity gives the frequency that one is interested here. So in case of thermal Doppler broadening, we will know what is the distribution of velocities, right? That's the Maxwellian. It's one-dimensional in the projection of a lone one axis. And so we immediately convert one to another and get a distribution of the probability of observing photon at given energy. And well, of course, one immediately says that's a Gaussian with standard deviation expressed by that formula. And that's a convenient numerical expression when you use temperature and electron volts and mass in atomic mass units. And you get full width half max of the line profile. Interesting property is that a product of peak intensity on the full width half max is a value close to one so. Yes, please. The same, the same. OK, full width of half minimum. What about the absorption profile? There is no maximum. I mean the maximum is zero. OK, so you just inverted. As I said, in most situations you can safely assume that absorption and emission profiles are the same. So we'll talk here when I say line profile, it will be line profile for emission, but you know it is the same, just inverted. Just a few examples of Gaussian profiles with different value of sigma of standard deviation parameter. And well, an important point here is that the winds of Gaussian decreases very fast. So it goes basically in practical terms to zero. So if the line profile is Gaussian, you can measure it in its entirety and don't care about far winds. We will see that it's not always the case with other types of line broadening. Actually, what the simple exercise that we've done with Doppler, with thermal Doppler broadening, is a good example of what's called quasi-static or statistical broadening. People usually do not use this term for Doppler, but in fact it's exactly the same. So what we have done, there is a huge ensemble of different emitters, different radiators. Each one emits at a just single given frequency. It's a delta function if we talk about its spectrum. But when we do averaging over a huge ensemble of independent or dependent radiators, we see a continuous entity, which is the line shape. And that's not the result of line broadening that comes from a single emitter, single radiator that is broadened by some effect. It's just pure mathematical results of mathematical averaging, averaging over an ensemble. Well, here we did it, we converted from probability to find a radiator with a given velocity, but in principle it could be very similar when we consider other effect which influences radiation of energy of radiation of one emitter. We will soon talk about stark broadening in which case this parameter will be electric field. So what are the distributions of microfield in plasma? Obviously in plasma we have a large number of charged particles, and if we just sit at one specific point or we consider just one plasma particle and look at different, at all other particles, charged particles, obviously there is a different probability to find different electric field. Each charged particle creates some field and we have an ensemble of such particles. So at each given moment, instant of time, there is a given, there is some probability to find one specific electric field. For another radiator, at the same time, there will be a different field because the combination of its neighbors will be different. At first, such a distribution was derived by Johann Holzmark in 1919 and it's expressed if one neglects interaction between different particles that it can be expressed in a nice analytic form. One usually use not absolute value of the electric field but normalize it to constant which is called the Holzmark normal field. If one forgets about this numerical pre-factor, the rest is actually obvious. If you want to know what is the typical electric field, you need to know the typical distance to the perturber which is density to the power minus third. That's the typical interparticle distance. And then what you see here is just Coulomb law expressed in this unit. You have a charge of the perturber and you divide it over r squared. So it's just Coulomb law and we get a typical electric field. The specific numerical factor is really not important. It comes from some mathematical considerations. So here I plot this Holzmark distribution in the units of this normalized electric field strength. So you see that it peaks at about a value just a bit smaller than 2. Actually it's 1.6 something and important to notice right now is the asymptotics of this distribution. For the weak fields it is quadratic. In the very strong fields its dependence is the field in the power minus 2.5. Actually this dependence is very easy. You can just derive it with one line expression on the back of envelope and just assume just a single perturber. It's in binary approximation. Again it's just the Coulomb law. Just express the radius distance to the back express distance from the field using the Coulomb law and you immediately get the asymptotics. Two notes. One is of course there is nothing special about electric field for gravitation. It's exactly the same Coulomb law and the distribution of one doesn't say micro fields in astrophysics of course but the distribution of gravitational fields by random distribution of stars follows exactly the same law and there is a very nice paper at Chandrasekhar and von Neyman from 42 which of course they quote Holzmark but they continue this to quite great length. It's very interesting paper by the way. The fact that it's the same distribution for plasma micro fields and astrophysical star fields, gravitational star fields either produces some confusion. Well because first of all Chandrasekhar and von Neyman are much more known to average physicists and especially not physicists than Holzmark. So I've had many times people even in the plasma spectroscopy community they're saying oh of course but Holzmark first derived it for gravitational fields. Not only that I just recently saw a large textbook and in the introduction it was written there was a sentence something like that in 1919 a famous Danish astronomer discovered distribution of gravitational fields. It's a textbook so there are three mistakes in one sentence. He is not Danish, he is Norwegian, he is not astronomer, he is plasma physicist and not gravitational fields he considered but plasma fields. By the way Holzmark was a postdoc of Peter Dubai so good school. Okay let's talk a bit about stark effect about static stark effect. We will consider a simplest two-level system that you all learn in the introductory course of quantum mechanics and actually you must know all this of course by heart but let me repeat to show you that there is nothing very difficult here. So the perturbation due to the electric field is just the dipole electric moment times electric field right we will assume the field which is directed say along the z direction so in the two-level Hamiltonian that's of course will be off diagonal terms because dipole because of symmetry properties cannot be must be zero between the same diagonal elements in the same way functions. Okay so it's only off diagonal terms now we add the unperturbed Hamiltonian with just diagonal unperturbed values of energies e1 and e2 both zero labeled zero now we want to find eigenvalues so we demand the determinant of h Hamiltonian minus e is zero and we immediately find that's a simple quadratic equation roots of the quadratic equations like that I've plotted the dependence of energies of both e1 and e2 levels as a function of electric field normalized to some value to obvious value right you will see it here asymptotics when the field in the weak field limit when the field is much smaller than the initial when the perturbation is much smaller than the initial split splitting between the levels for whatever reason it is the effect is quadratic in the strong field limit when the perturbation is much stronger than the initial splitting the effect becomes linear and you see it's here and I plotted asymptotics both for the weak the parabola and the asymptotics for the strong field limit which are just the straight lines in general so when people say that this level of this line has a quadratic or linear stark effect one should understand that's always a question of how strong a field is because in principle there are no fully degenerate levels there is there is always some distance between the levels at least between the level that talk to each other via dipole electric dipole interaction right even if you consider the simplest hydrogen neutral hydrogen one say okay all levels with principle quantum numbers have the same energy but we know if you take into account relativistic effects so you get fine structure and there is already split in between levels then okay even in that approximation to s say one half and to p one half have the same energy but then quantum electrodynamics corrections gives you the the lamp shift so in in practice there is there are no fully degenerate atomic systems so it is always the question how strong a field is whether you can talk about quadratic or linear effect should be kept in mind by the way when you say when one says linear effect it's also not exactly true because well you can continue expanding this expression in Taylor series and you will see that will be only even powers of electric field there is no linear truly linear term okay okay that's a stark effect of the simplest atomic transition which is limon alpha that's transition from n equal to n equal one in hydrogen or hydrogen like atom ion so the static stark effect is just a splitting when you have three components now we will talk assuming the effect is linear that's neglecting all fine structure and lamp shifts and whatever okay so there are three components a central component and there are side components which are split shifted proportional to the electric field so that the static picture have three components now when there is a distribution of of electric field like a micro field distribution and plasma instead of one single position which is in terms of line profile it's a delta function now we have a distribution of such an infinite number of delta functions but practically what we see of course it's just a smooth wing both wings red and blue wing okay the central component remains in this simple approximation and shifted which is of course not true but that's okay to demonstrate how the quasi static broadening works we next want to consider time dependent perturbation in general it doesn't matter what kind of what kind of phenomena we are talking about if something changing in time one can define what's called spectrum power spectrum of this entity okay for that if there is some entity of physical quantity evolving with time one takes Fourier transformative takes absolute value raises to the second power and that's a power spectrum okay so I just wrote it wrote here implicitly Fourier transform in the case of dipole radiation the electric field as you know is proportional to the dipole moment of radiator that's true also in classical mechanics and quantum mechanics quantum electrodynamics as well okay so we do not want to to to take with us all the numerical proportionality coefficient let's just focus on the main important proportionality so the electric field as observed by some distant observer is proportional to the dipole electric dipole moment of the radiator okay so we are following just this prescription now the dipole is oscillating okay because that's the in well that's omega is just the energy difference between the initial and final state let's consider natural broadening so we have a relative decay from state i to state f and the characteristic time of course is the Einstein coefficient if we neglect we do not consider induced radiation decay rate is just the inverse of the Einstein coefficient sorry it's proportional of course so when we say a state decays with the rate gamma it means that the wave function which describes the upper state absolute value squared decaying like exponent to the minus gamma t which means the wave function itself must follow that time dependence and we can neglect the any time dependence of the ground state assuming it's ground of the lower state assuming it's a ground state so that can be written as the wave function of the of the upper state and I introduced here what's called Helicite Helicite in step function that means that for time before zero it is constant it's radiate somehow nothing prevents us to radiate and then we start to decay so taking Fourier transform of this expression with just a simple exercise you get that now we are taking absolute value squared and what we see up to a constant Lorentzian line shape right if there are by the way some questions just ask right in the middle don't wait until the end of the two hours okay some examples of Lorentzians with different also standard deviations contrary to Gaussians profile that we saw before Lorentzian has very long tails long wings okay there could be the often our situation when a line is brought in by different mechanism one is has a Lorentzian line shape and another Gaussian for example Lorentzian could be natural line shape and natural broadening and there is a Doppler broadening and one needs to do is a convolve both line shapes assuming they are independent of course so the convolution of Lorentzian and Gaussian is a is what's called the Void profile Void distribution Void function let me first show you some examples so the actually the both Lorentzian and Gaussian is extreme limiting cases of Void profile for example here Sigma that's Gaussian part is one and Lorentzian broadening is zero you have just a normal Gaussian in the opposite case there is no Gaussian contribution only Lorentzian we have well we have Lorentzian and that's a convolution example of convolution when both contribute let's say equally and of course you have a broader profile important point here that the wings are Lorentzian wings so Gaussian broadening contributes to extra broadening in the core of the line but the wings remains the same as they were just due to the whatever phenomenon that caused Lorentzian line shape go back and that's for practical terms there is a convenient expression when you know the contribution the Gaussian and Lorentzian contributions so full with half marks of each one to get a full with half marks of the total Void profile just use this simple expression and you get with pretty good accuracy typically about one to percent okay now we want to do some more mathematical exercise but I promise to it be quite straightforward and again please now this is something which you will see if you ever want to see some theoretical work you will see the expression that we will derive in the end of five minutes I guess so please if something is not clear just ask right now I think it is important to understand it's simple stuff but even in textbook sometimes people just start from the final expression because it was derived you know 50 years ago in some another textbook or paper and then continue on and you don't really understand what the roots of this equation number one okay so that's we saw if we want to calculate intensity line shape of dipole we will talk for now only about dipole emission dipole radiation so we take dipole momentum take Fourier transform of it at a frequency omega the same omega absolute value squared nice and that's again Fourier transform okay now we can use cross correlation theorem that I believe you you've had about it and learn and maybe even proved it on a some exam so what it says that product of Fourier transforms of two functions is up to a normalization factor which is different for different by the way for different Fourier transforms some put here one over square root of 2 pi let's forget about this fine unnecessary details so again the product of two Fourier transforms of two functions is just Fourier transform of product of a convolution of this function okay so we can express this value Fourier transform of of our dipole function okay in our case by the way both both f and g are the same so instead of correlation we are talking about autocorrelation okay so c is just the correlation function right that's the definition of convolution of two functions that's exactly the definition of convolution or correlation up to a minus sign okay so f in my case and g in my case are the same d as a function of time so that's just autocorrelation function in if I take its Fourier transform according to this cross correlation theorem I must get Fourier transform of if the same function squared that's exactly what I want is it okay at this point I can repeat it on explain with more details if it's okay let's go on of course correlation autocorrelation function is symmetric so instead of just take an integral from minus infinity to plus I can do it from zero to plus infinity and take only the real part okay that should be well next that was for a single radiator but plasma as we know contains a practically infinite number of radiators so we need to average our ensemble of plasma radiators so we let's designate it by this average symbol and of course averaging taking averaging or integral commuting operations so I move this averaging stuff inside of the integral and I want just to average the the correlation autocorrelation function over the same ensemble now if you actually look at what is autocorrelation function that's this integral but integral is basically a sum infinite sum of pairs like that now one can say why do I need to do this operation twice if we believe in the ergodicity arguments that's the time average is equal to ensemble average we can substitute time average with an ensemble average of vice-versa that's actually very important point but it should be quite simple let's say we want to do some statistical experiment what is the probability what is the distribution of getting different values when you throw dice okay let's do the experiment I can give each of you one dice and each of you will throw it up and get some value then we can combine and calculate average standard deviation or whatever other statistical property alternatively I may pick up just one person out for example Yuri Ralschenko who is not listening to me give him the same one dice and ask to do it we are now 60 people about here so to do this this operation 60 times and again write down and do the same average and standard deviation and of course we will get the same well within statistical errors the same results well that's the error could be significant when we are talking about 60 people but when we are talking about billions of atoms in even small amount of plasma that's the averaging on time and averaging on ensemble should be exactly the same so what I say that in this infinite sum if I talk let's take just one one term for example tau is equal one million and consider correlation term for t equal to whatever units so what is this term for one radiator so correlation between time equal one million and one million and two I claim that I can find on the same term in the similar summation when I will do on some another radiator it will not be at t equal tau equal million it will be tau equal whatever other numbers but when I have infinite number of radiators to play with I'm sure I will find another one which gives for the same difference tau and tau plus t will give exactly the same result that just statistics okay so if so why do I need to take with me all this infinite sum let's restrict myself to just one single value of of tau and let's take tau equal zero why not so I can write if I do the average I can do it average over just a single term in this infinite sum or in this integral right so it's dipole moment at time zero times dipole moment at time t and I am going to of course average over ensemble of infinite ensemble of statistically representative ensemble of emitters okay so next as you remember once we have the autocorrelation function we need we take its Fourier transform and that's all that the line intensity that's the the line profile okay so we've done up to now we considered just a single dipole but in principle of course one atom can radiate a different frequency there are different transitions so instead of talking about dipole just dipole momentum one's talk about operator of the dipole momentum but the rest is exactly the same in addition we need to take into account probable distribution of population on different states of the radiator for example it could be Bolshevian but it could be any of course so that's a dense thematic throw so we multiply everything and take trace because we have all many possible transition even in single atom and that's again the same autocorrelation function an important note here is that you sometimes I would say even often see in the literature line shape broadening in literature expression like that when you the autocorrelation function is just this term without the important averaging over ensemble so of course in textbook even in textbook sometimes but in papers when people write it they understand what they are doing they assume that it is all is done in the context of averaging over an ensemble afterwards but it's not always clear for new cameras let's say to the field so please pay attention because obviously such an expression is invalid because what's that it's just it's a constant and that some function in principle arbitrary function so when you take Fourier transform of an arbitrary function you can get anything including negative values which is of course a nonsense for line profile but of course when you take this line profile which contains negative value and do averaging over ensemble there is no negative values anymore but please keep that important point in mind another note is that sometimes this autocorrelation this dipole dipole autocorrelation function is called autocorrelation function of the light amplitude or light magnitude and in fact I believe that a more correct name for this value because the transition is not necessarily dipole we can consider we can use exactly the same derivation for example quadrupole radiation in which case of course there will be no dipole dipole autocorrelation function there will be quadrupole quadrupole whatever autocorrelation function but in terms of light of light magnitude amplitude it's the same so I believe physically it's more correct way to call it okay so that's the final expression of the formal theory of line broadening and it looks very simple right but as it's always in the case in physics the simplest equations are most difficult to solve so what we see here is time evolution of dipole momentum we are still talking about dipole radiation okay and we have dense thematics and we have operation over over of averaging over ensemble and all of these three simple operations are actually infinitely complex why because plasma is basically is dynamics time evolution of its n body where n goes to infinity number of interacting particles each one may serve both as a perturber and as an emitter okay and all interact on each other there is also back and from from radiator to the bus which is the rest of the plasma particles because there is no rest all particles both perturber and radiator in general okay so in the remaining a few minutes till the break I want to show you some movie well this is the result of computer simulation of molecular dynamics of plasma particles okay what you see in this short movie is a life of plasma during just one picosecond I'm plotting here projection of of electric field onto some arbitrarily selected axis the color the color designates all designates absolute value of the direction of the projection and the intensity of the color is the the magnitude of the field okay and that's we are taking just very small volume inside of plasma so you see by the way it looks like something like biological stuff now we see why why why plasma in physics is called after plasma the blood plasma okay it looks like that so you see here the result of motion of different particles and some are obviously are very slow for example here right it's almost not moving but if you wait long enough you will see that slowly it does move and the field changes so this slow points are of course ions and the fast moving stuff feels due to electrons so I guess you realize that's quite a complex dynamics with very complex interaction between different plasma particles so coming back to this simple expression so coming back to this simple expression which is the basically the describe the line broadening is not easy okay so we will continue after the break


One other country is also facing real demographic collapse and real demographic challenges actually in the short run is in worse shape than China. And that country of course, maybe not of course, but that country is Russia. I mean Russia is really facing a kind of a nightmare scenario, you know, in many respects they deserve it. But the reality is that a China's population is shrinking dramatically. Over the last three years, the country has lost around two million people, then it would ordinarily have lost because of war, because of COVID, and because of people leaving, and people are leaving to a large extent because of the war. Life expectancy of Russian males, aged 15, fell by almost five years to the same level as in Haiti. Life expectancy of Russian males is the same level as in Haiti, but not Russian males in Haiti, Haiti men in Haiti. The number of Russians born in April 2022 was no higher than it was in 1942-43. And right now, because so many young men have died on the battlefield or wounded on the battlefield, and because so many young men have escaped Russia and left Russia, gone to a place like Georgia and Kazakhstan and any country that will take them, women outnumber men in Russia by 10 million, which is a massive number. By some estimates, between 175,000 and 200,000 Russian soldiers have been killed or wounded over the past year. Russia estimates are lower, but of course they're not going to admit it. But 500,000 to one million young men have, and these are primarily educated men, these are primarily relatively high owners, have left Russia and found employment and found homes outside of Russia. So what you've got is a war that is costing a huge amount of money for the Russian economy. You've got an aging population, you've got an ailing population, and you've got a shrinking population. Not a good combination, not a good combination. Russia started this decline a long time ago, about 30 years ago, a Russian population peaked in, and this is from an economist article on March 5th published today, a Russian population peaked in 1984 at 149 million. It went down, it's been zigzagging downward since, it was 145 million in 2021, and within a couple of, a few decades, it could be 120 million, given the patterns we are seeing and what is going on, what is going on right now, I don't know what happened here. The number of births in 2022 is the lowest since the 18th century, 18th century. And you look at this, Russia is kind of fading. And maybe that's part of why Putin wanted a war, maybe he wanted to bring in some Russian speakers from Ukraine, maybe it's an act of desperation, maybe it's just an act of preservation for the regime, knowing everything is so horrible domestically and diverting attention elsewhere. Russia also did very badly during COVID, total excess deaths in 2020 to 2023 has been between 1.2 and 1.6 million. And by the way, for those out there who believe that COVID vaccines are what create excess deaths, it is interesting that particularly mRNA vaccines that Russia didn't use in mRNA vaccine, and they still have 1.2 to 1.6 million deaths. It's speculated that Russia may have the largest COVID death toll in the world as a percentage of the population. Maybe after India, India probably is number one, China is probably number two. Again, by the way, no mRNA vaccines. So between 20 to 22 to 2023, Russia has lost between 1.9 and 2.8 million people more than would have been expected with no pandemic and no war. This war has deep negative consequences, deep negative consequences for the Russian people and for individuals in Russia. I guess the better people have left. So again, very aging population, the young people in Russia that are there just are going to have to carry a higher burden of taking care of older people, paying for them and of course sustaining an economy, sustaining their own lives. Again, it's going to be very hard to innovate, it's going to be very hard to produce, it's going to be very hard to be cutting edge in anything. And really what's happening right now is that Russia has a third world mortality even though its population is highly educated. Of course, a lot of those highly educated people have left Russia. So it is interesting, it's not exclusive to these countries but it is interesting that the two large supposedly threatening countries out there, Russia and China, are both facing real economic demographic challenges and demographic and economic are significantly related to one another. Now a lot of other countries in the world are facing demographic problems, certainly all of Western Europe is. The United States without immigration is certainly facing a demographic problem. But here in many respects the problems are much worse because not only is dynamism constrained by an authoritarian government, but it's constrained by the exodus or the lack of young people. So both of these economies, both of these countries I think are going to suffer significantly more than any Western countries. And also I think it's harder to reverse in an authoritarian country these kind of trends. So I wouldn't be surprised if some Western countries reverse the low birth rate trend that they're in right now by becoming more positive, more optimistic, maybe freer. Whereas I don't expect that kind of reversal in either China or Russia. Thank you for listening or watching The Iran Book Show. If you'd like to support the show, we make it as easy as possible for you to trade with me. You get value from listening, you get value from watching, show your appreciation. You can do that by going to iranbrookshow.com slash support by going to Patreon, subscribe star locals and just making a appropriate contribution on any one of those, any one of those channels. So if you'd like to see The Iran Book Show grow, please consider sharing our content and of course subscribe. Press that little bell button right down there on YouTube so that you get an announcement when we go live. And for those of you who are already subscribers and those of you who are already supporters of the show, thank you. I very much appreciate it.


Hey, podcast listeners, hope you are well. In this episode, I'm going to be speaking with you about our obsession as humans with labeling. We are born loaded up with labels we didn't choose, then all through our lives we have labels offered to us about ourselves and about the world and these labels create false narratives that lock us into a lesser life. These narratives cannot be broken without the power of self-awareness. Hope you enjoy this episode. Please comment and subscribe, even take a screenshot, send me through a DM. Let's keep in touch, enjoy this episode. Thanks for listening. The problem from birth for us guys is that our consciousness starts to look for identity and definition and meaning and status. From birth, we're introduced into a world where everybody locates each other by labels. So from birth, we are born into labels first of all, aren't we?  And you inherit all the baggage that comes with those labels. So from birth, a narrative is being constructed for all of us with no reference to us. And those that are involved in the management of our lives from birth, parents or guardians and then culture and environments and all the rest of it are all getting busy constructing a certain narrative about us that we never questioned because all that took place when you weren't conscious enough to question. So we get into our adult life like near 22 and I began to question my life for the first time consciously.  Is there another option? And my self-awareness shouted at me, yes there is. So from birth, we're obsessed with naming and labeling everything based on other people's narratives including the narrative of culture, as I said, nationality, skin color, gender, economic status and so on and so on. We get busy doing all of that and we grow up with this narrative about sex and marriage and intimacy and health and money and aging and God and faith and religion and so on and so on. These labels shape our consciousness that consciousness shapes our behavior, that behavior and those habits become our temperament and personality and entire world of you. And it's all autopilot guys. And without self-awareness, you cannot break that barrier of limitation. But most humans on the planet, 90% is estimated, have no self-awareness. Guys, this is huge. I want you to be part of the elite 10% and increase the 10% with me. If you want more teaching from me on self-awareness, I've just released a new online video course called Self-Awareness Made Simple. It's available now, but only till the end of October. Go to postcanon.com forward slash self-awareness or check out the link in the show notes. Thank you. Because to live your life without even hearing what I'm saying to you now, let alone experiencing it for yourself without even hearing it is a crime. It is a crime, but no one's gone to jail and no one's suing anybody and we should be. It should be a crime. We should be teaching self-awareness in school. It should be basic in school, shouldn't it? Now you hear what this is. In school, we should be taught this so that we get a generation growing up of future parents who get it and we break the link of limitation. We break the generational barrier of trapped inside consciousness that I've mentioned earlier because we taught kids about self-awareness and they had a fighting chance of accessing that level of consciousness earlier in life than most of us ever do. The difference between consciousness and awareness, let me say something about that for a minute before I let you all go. The difference between consciousness which I've spoke about a lot and awareness, let me try and explain it to you this way. If I said to you refrigerator, what room in the house am I thinking about and gonna speak to you about? Kitchen. If I said to you bed, what room in the house am I going to speak to you about? Bedroom. If I mentioned the toilet or the bath or the sofa or the TV and so on. By mentioning the furniture, you know what room I'm in though I haven't mentioned the name of the room. Awareness is those rooms without stuff in it to decide what room it should be called. Awareness is the level of consciousness that doesn't need labels in order to define something in your life that the moment is labeled, you forever afterwards call it the kitchen. If you take all those furnishings out of a room and think of a house and all the rooms are empty, are they still rooms with nothing in them? Yes, of course they are. And awareness is rooms if you like. Awareness is realms of thought. Awareness is a realm of consciousness that does not need labels for it to function. It functions fine without any labeling. That's why the gift of self-awareness, I think particularly as you age, is the freedom from the controlling power of labels that people insist on placing on your life and on my life and that you place on your own life. And self-awareness is the gift of being able to rename the rooms that people have insisted. This is what you call that in your life. This is what we call that person. This is what we call people that do that or people of that skin color or people that come from that country or people of that age and stage of life or people with that lifestyle. This is what we call that you were taught. Self-awareness is the gift to have a room that no one labels for you.   You can't know that without self-awareness. And because our consciousness is obsessed with labeling, self-awareness breaks you free from the tyranny and the containment and the tethering and the downward gravitational pull of labels that mean actually nothing when you examine them. This is why self-aware people don't like the intellectual laziness that produces stereotyping. Stereotyping is intellectual laziness. People can't be bothered thinking through something complex to come to a more healthy balanced description or conversation or conclusion. And all around us every single day we have been offered stereotypical thinking about stuff we can't be bothered thinking through ourselves. And the more you accept someone else's labeling, the more the rooms in your house become their version of what your life should look like, not yours. And self-awareness is the gift to break free from the autopilot default or whatever they call this, that must be it. To deciding for yourself what this is or is. I hope you enjoyed today's episode. If you want to hear more teaching on self-awareness, I've just released a new video course called self-awareness made simple. This is available only till the end of October so move sooner than later if you wanna get a hold of that. There is five hours of teaching, 20 videos with a full workbook attached to each section for personal or group interaction with the material. Please comment on today's teaching. Tag me into that, share this with a friend, someone that will benefit from it in your world again. Thank you for listening.


the DuPont Cavalcade of America starring Joel McCrae. The Nightly DuPont Company brings you Sheriff Teddy starring Joel McCrae. Now Sheriff Teddy starring Joel McCrae as Teddy Roosevelt on the DuPont Cavalcade of America. Oyster Bay, March 12, 1885. My dear commissioner, when you spoke to me a month ago, I was unable to reply. Even now I cannot give you my answer. My health is poor and the doctor says I must seek quiet and rest. And so today I start my journey for the West. I write this only in token that before long you will hear from me and in full. Faithfully, Theodore Roosevelt. Come. Your luggage is back, sir. Thank you, Sarah. Here's some soup. I thought something hot before you go out. Thank you, but I won't have time for that now. I can just make my train. Mr. Roosevelt, I do hope you'll do all the doctors told you. Do you know yet where you're going? Dakota, the Badlands. The Badlands? How long will you be? A long time. Then you won't be going back to Albany? Sarah, after three terms in the legislature and at the age of 25, the future I hope to make in public life has been closed. Come now, sir. I doubt that. That's the truth. That's what the commissioner was down here last month to tell me. So now you're going to Dakota? That's right. And turn cow puncher and ranch away the rest of my useless days. Goodbye, Sarah. Bless you. Mr. Your ticket reads Madora. That's right. I'm sure you want to get off there. Well, isn't that where the Northern Pacific crosses the Little Missouri? We cross there, yes, sir, but we don't like to stop. Now, if you want to go to the next town... Thank you. I picked Madora because I was in search of an extremely peaceful spot. I've been sick. I have to sit in a rocking chair for a year. That's why I insist on Madora. Lonely and peaceful. Well, it is lonely. Last time we stopped there, then Madora Cowboys was so lonely they shot out all the windows in the train. Time before that, they climbed under the dining car and shot up the first class passengers right through the floor. If you want to ride on to the next station, we won't charge you. Thank you. But I still want to stop at Madora. All right. Come on. But do me a favor. Jump off fast, and we'll toss your bag right after you. All right. Wait, let's slow it down a little more. And don't wear them glasses in that bow or hat. How's that? You've got a fine, honest face, and I wouldn't like to see it all shot in before you get off the train even. Why would anyone shoot at me? In Madora, they don't like glasses. And a bow or hat makes them think of a buffalo way off from the horizon. They say the breakman's throwing your baggage off, so jump now. All right. Goodbye, then. Jump. Mister, please save them glasses off. Without my glasses, I can't see. Well, then at least take off that bow or hat. Goodbye. A man should be allowed to wear the hat. He fancies anywhere. Well, excuse me. Do you men happen to know a good place to stay around here? Depends. Depends? Depends. Wouldn't you say so, dynamite? Yeah. Depends. Depends on what, exactly? Depends on a lot of things, exactly. Wouldn't you say so, Dutch? Yeah. Depends on a lot of things, exactly. Well, come to think of it, I ain't so sure. You see, that depends, too. Yeah, that depends, too. What did you come out here for, stranger? Just a rest and maybe hunt a bit, too. Hunt? Yes. Perhaps you could tell me where I could find a guide. Depends, don't it, dynamite? What was you aiming to hunt? Buffalo. Buffalo. Buffalo. Well, wait a minute. Not 10 minutes ago, we seen a buffalo. Huh? Oh, yeah. Right smack with a railroad track. Well, there he is now. Where? Well, where is he? Just above your ears. You're right, Dutch. I can see something black and round. Just above his ears. Now, now, wait a minute. Wait. What are those pistols for? Hold still now, fore-eyes. Hey! Hey, that's my best hat you shop all. Maltese Cross Ranch House. Madara Dakota. Date uncertain. Not only the temperature outside. 34 degrees below zero. My dear commissioner. It must be about nine months since I promised to write you. Time in the bad land stretches as far as space. I was soon at home in this country. I bought some cattle, built a little cabin, bound the partner. A fine old Scotchman with blue eyes and mutton chop whiskers. His name is Lindsay Sutherland. I'm not Ladi. Supers ready. All right, Pop. Boy! The thermometer outside the window says 35 below. Hey! And it makes our cabin snugger and better. And your biscuit's the hotter and better. It smells good, too.  Well, that's what comes from a cow-punching. You can't put in 18 hours a day in the saddle and not feel a mate healthier than if you were running errands for Albany politicians. Yes, sir. That's gone. I'm finished with public life and finished with public responsibility. From now on, I'm looking out for just TR. I wonder who that can be. Open it up, Pop. Hello, Grandpa. Don't you remember me? Dynamite here, Jake Saunders. Well, Grandpa, don't stand there looking at us like we was three ghosts slid down the North Pole.  We was just passing your fine ranch house. And Jake says, let's go in and thaw out. What is it, a raft, or a Jake Saunders? Well, he told you he wants to thaw out. There's only one place hot enough to thaw him out. Oh, Mr. Roosevelt, as I recollect, you asked me to sit down. That's right. I did. Thank you. You see, I've been watching the way you're building up the Maltese Cross. Put quite a hunk of money into it, eh? Yeah, it takes a good deal to buy cattle and make a decent start. And a fine job you done. Sure did. Except for one little slip. How's that? A little item you overlooked paying for. Jake Saunders, there's not a thing we haven't paid for. Sit down, Grandpa. Not a thing we haven't paid for, or else earned with sweat and all the station. Grandpa, sit down. I always thought the scotch was cool-headed folk. Godfair and debt-paying. What is it we haven't paid for, Jake? Well, I haven't wanted to mention it till you had a chance to get settled a little, but... But what? But this land you built on belongs to me. What? Take it easy, Grandpa. And these logs you built out of was cut from my trees. Nobody owned this land. It was open range, and belonged to him who used it, and those trees belonged to him who made them. And you're the earth-rottenest, murderous, snake-lickin' thief between here and...  Now, wait a moment. Mr. Roosevelt, I know you want to keep the work you put in here, and I want you to keep it all legal-like with a deed of sale from me. And what would that cost? Why, from a nice polite fella like you, I wouldn't want more than 500. I'll see you Monday night, the music parlor. Of course, Jake didn't own the land or the house. It was an absolute robbery, so we didn't go Monday or send him any money. Tuesday morning, there was a piece of rope hanging on our door and a note. The note said we had one week more, and the rope was tied in a noose. I decided to ride into Midor and have a talk with the editor of the little news sheet there. Come in. Come in. Come in. Come in. Come in. Come in. Come in. Come in. Mr. Packard, glad to see you, Mr. Roosevelt. I have you a moment to talk. Of course, I was only getting my newspaper out early because there was no one to talk to. Sit down.  Thank you. Mr. Packard, some trouble seems to be blowing up. Oh, you have the rocker. Oh, Grandpa says you'll love a rocker.  Yeah, well, as the editor of this paper for two years, you must know every soul in the county. I certainly do. And I know Jake Saunders. If that's what you're getting at, then what's your advice? If that's quick and that rocker bothers you. Come, Mr. Packard, what's your advice? Well, you have a choice. One, you pay him the money. Two, you leave town. A choice? You call that a choice, Mr. Packard? I came to you because you're honest.   How then can you give me the advice of a corrupt old man? You asked me. I told you. I asked you for a plan of action. I asked you to suggest some scheme whereby we could get a little justice. It seems to me that those of us who want law and order around here ought to unite and do something about it. Wait a minute, Mr. Roosevelt, you're rocking right into that fireplace. I know what you're going to say. Here's a county as big as Massachusetts, no government at all, not even a single sheriff and hundreds of miles, so the bad men rule. They have to rule, and there's nothing about it, is that it?  And Jake Saunders? Jake is boss of the valley from here to Cannonball Creek. Jake and his machine, always at a new ranch, they get started, then put in their claim as they did with you. And so your advice to me remains the same. Either you walk over to that music parlor and pay him $500, or you take the next train east. What if I don't? You don't do either? And a group of masked men will write up to your cabin and accuse you of horse stealing and hang you from the nearest Cottonwood. Has it happened that way before? Many times, Mr. Roosevelt. Well, sir, you'll excuse me. I'll finish up in my newspaper. Good night, sir. Where are you off to? The music parlor. And if you want to keep the paper open for an hour, I might make some headline. Oh, don't you remember Sweet Betsy from Pike? She crossed a big mountain with her lover, Ike. Two yoke of oxen, a big yellow dog. A tall Shanghai rooster and one spotted hog. Rudolph and Polly died on Rudolph and Polly died. The Shanghai ran off and the cattle all died.  Hey, Roosevelt, cut it.  Thank you, I will. Oh, I don't remember I've ever seen you in our music parlor before. Matter of fact, I've never been here before. I reckon he comes just to hear your honey voice, honey. What would you like, Mr. Roosevelt? Well, I... Sing anything you like. All you have to do is tell me what you want. Well, then sing almost anything western. I like almost anything western. So I see. Jake, when do you give me a start? Hello, Mr. Roosevelt. You want to come in the back? We'll have our talk. Thank you, Jake. I'm quite comfortable as I am. That's telling them, Mr. Roosevelt. Surely go tinkle it, too. Oh, why don't you? Are you coming in soon? No. I like it out here. Shirley plays real well. You came here to talk business, didn't you? I came here to listen. Suppose you do the talking. Hey, he's kind of sassy, ain't he, Jake? Yeah. His face calls to mind that fella got off the train last spring. You mean that fella with the bowler hat? Yeah. He's been making trouble ever since he arrived. Too bad we ain't got a sheriff here to handle him. Yeah.  You just have to take it. Unless, of course, you're willing to shoot him yourself.  Really? I can't believe it. And now he won't pay me the $500 he owes. I'm certain that if he owed it, he'd pay it. As it is? As it is, I'm going to have to shoot him almost any minute, unless he's got the $500. Jake Saunders, I don't intend to pay one dollar to you. With my partner, I built the house, and with my partner, I own the house. I hear you use a toothbrush ten to foot. Is that to clean out your lion mouth? Watch out, Jake! Hey, Charlie, he sure got him that time. Hey, hey, Shirley Bell, four-eyed's got Jake. Say, Mr. Roosevelt, you better beat it. You're all right for when Jake comes to, he'll start shooting. When he comes to, Shirley Bell, tell him he can find me at the Maltese Cross. You are listening to Sheriff Teddy, starring Joel McCray as Teddy Roosevelt on The Cavalcade of America, dropped to you by the DuPont Company, maker of better things for better living through chemistry. Ill health and political difficulties caused young Teddy Roosevelt to leave the East and journey to Madura in the Dakota Badlands, to find quiet and rest as a rancher. Well, instead of the peace he sought, he finds himself dangerously involved with the lawless men who control the Badlands. Now he continues writing his experiences to his friend, the Commissioner at Albany.  He wasn't seen by anyone, yet his actions were felt by me and the rest of the peaceful ranchers, cattle stealing, pelaging, navery of all kinds. This whole section felt the evil effects of Jake and his gang. Spring came soft and willowy. Grandpa Sutherland and I rode the range as usual and attended to our business. It's a shame, laddie. Beautiful country like this. A man can't ride 20 rods from his house without going armed like a battleship. Can I put my mind to rest for fretting for what Jake's going to do next? Maybe they won't do a thing. They've been quiet for a while. They don't know who could that be. Don't shoot. He's waving. Keep your eye to the opposite direction. Might be a tractor or something. It's me, Packard. Good morning. Good morning. Good morning, Miss Packard. Didn't mean to come up on you so fast, but this horse has been barned up all winter. Hey, come now. Why the scotch frown in a day like this? Mr. Packard, I canna condone you for a company. No, sir, I canna condone you. Come later, we'll leave him. Paul, let me ride along with you. Wait, I have something to tell you, Mr. Roosevelt. Remember that scheme we talked about? About getting all the honest people in the county together? What about it? You said I could never do it. Now it's different. Things have grown so bad, something must be done. You bet things have grown bad. They were born to.  What'd you expect me to advise him? To go get himself killed? Naturally, I was hoping you'd do just what he did. No way, sir. You've earned quite a reputation. You mean I've redeemed my Bola hat? Oh, more than that. The ranchers all respect you hereabouts. You ride the range, all the weather, like anybody else.  You knock Jake Saunders senseless. And furthermore, the ranchers know now that this section needs some government. And you're the one to help us unite and bring law and order. Unite, Mr. Roosevelt. If you go from ranch to ranch, calling the honest ones to meetin', they'll trust you and come. There's more honest folks than rascals, but they're sleepy and need to be jabbed awake to danger. You're both right. We can't let them sleep any longer. Of course, a lot of folks live 20, 30, 50 miles apart. It doesn't matter how far they live. Each one is important. We'll make a list and divide them between the three of us. Come on. This meeting has to be held as soon as possible. Take a look. What's the matter? What do you see? There must be more than 40 people I've seen going in there to the meeting. Frank Vines, Joe Ferris, Bill Merrifield, the four Eaton brothers, Hi, what a gem. Jake, I hear your young friends been gettin' folks kinda stirred up.  Are you gonna take his backwash, Jake? Look at him all goin' into that newspaper office like Arctic Owls bringin' on a hard winter. Be a hard winter for us, Jake. We let four eyes keep on like this. Well, and maybe we better start warmin' things up. Such as what? Well, just for a starter, is there any reason why a little prairie fire can't catch over the Maltese cross? And while he's here talkin' against us, ain't it too bad, but the whole gull-dang ranch house burns down. Folks, now that we've spent this day together, talking our hopes and troubles over, as well as having a fine sociable box lunch, and I must say Mrs. Merrill, that jellied tongue of yours in the wild plum conserve was such a... Well, folks, after we've had this long congress and confab, what do you figure's the next step? Let's share it! I wait your nomination. Packard! Any other nominations? Any others? Or is it unanimous? All right, Packard's elected unanimously. Sheriff Packard, come up here and take the floor. Folks! Folks, I thank you for electing me the first sheriff this county ever had. Back as soon as I leave here, I'm going over to my office and get out a special edition telling all about myself. I'm sure Mr. Packard will make us a good sheriff. Now until the regular county organization is set up, we're on our own. Sheriff Packard has only as much authority as we the honest citizens give him. Question, Mr. Packard? Right at this point, I'd like to ask if you folks will give me authority to name his my deputy sheriff. The young fellow that started all this, Teddy Roosevelt. I'm sorry my partner Mr. Sutherland couldn't be here. This is a dream of his too. But he's getting old and figured he'd done all the writing he could when he called on you folks. Well, what I want to say is this. The first step is for each one of us to be awfully careful never to buy any stolen cattle. And the second step is that when an act of violence occurs we support our sheriff with all the confidence. What's up, Frankie? Jake Saunders has been out to the Maltese Cross. What's that? The ranch house and all the buildings is burnt flat in a burnt pancake. What do you think of that? Grandpa Sutherland. I reckon that old Scotsman tried to stop him because they finished him off for good and all. For good and all they did. As it turned out they didn't burn my ranch but they did kill Grandpa Sutherland. Every honest person in the county rose to hunt Jake Saunders and his men, combing the Cooleys and craters and pock marks of the Badlands. After a week I tracked him down to the Little Missouri. He'd taken the only boat and gone downstream. My companion, a young cop on chair built a raft and we set off to follow. After two weeks of miserable hungry weather we spotted this camp. All day we lay in the sharp cold grass waiting for him to come back. Towards evening he came strolling along. Don't move boy. He must have been after game. He certainly feels safe. Oh look at him coming so careless like.  But if you don't mind then I'd like the honor. Oh golly golly how pretty he's walking straight at us. What are you talking about?   Of course not.  That's different. Why are you sitting straight? What have we been out of here freezing for if we ain't going to kill him? Oh look he stopped now. I got a bead on him. Let me shoot. Put that rifle down Frankie. Ah dog gone it. If he was you would it be die dog or eat the hatchet. He's going to jail and he'll have a trial. A fair trial with a judge and jury. That's what we guarantee a man in this country. That's what the meeting was for. There now he's turned his back. Jake's honors don't move you're under arrest. What the. Don't move your hands Jake. Frankie wants to tie him. All right Frankie go get him. Oh my dear commissioner when I came out here I meant to follow your advice and leave public life. But after a while I began to realize how important justice is in this big country.  Big prairies, big forests and mountains, big wheat fields, railroads, herds of cattle. Big factories, big steamboats and everything else. But if we're to grow bigger and stay great we must keep steadily in mind that no people were ever benefited by prosperity if they corrupted their virtue. For it's not what we have that will make us a great nation. It is the way in which we use it. And so let this letter serve as something of a notice. Tomorrow I'm leaving for the East to return to public life. Hopefully Sheriff Teddy. Thank you Joel McCrae. This week Cavalcade presents the popular Hollywood star Robert Taylor in Perfect Union. A romantic story of young John Marshall and his bride Mary in the days when the future Chief Justice's legal career was just beginning. And the following week on February 2nd our star will be Helen Hayes. Tonight's DuPont Cavalcade, Sheriff Teddy was written by Halstead Wells. Joel McCrae will soon be seen in the Harry Sherman Enterprise production They Pass This Way. Featured in tonight's play with Joel McCrae were Grace Albert as Shirley Bell Charles Penman as Jake and Charles Eggleston as Sutherland. The music was composed by Arden Cornwell and conducted by Donald Brian. And this is Ted Pearson inviting you to listen next week to the romantic story Perfect Union starring Robert Taylor on the Cavalcade of America brought to you by the DuPont Company of Wilmington, Delaware. This is NBC, the national broadcasting company.


Hey guys real is the game in here today. We're gonna be playing spider-man VR and we're here with bikes. Hey, what's up, Mike? What up, baby? Wait, who's that guy over there? SPIDER-MEN! SPIDER-MEN! I'm a beat-show athlete! Alright, man, whatever. Okay, so we're back to this, you guys. We're playing the Spider-Man VR game. This thing is so scary.  I'm not mad. Okay, so let's begin with this. You said it's sweet, right, Mike? Yeah, it's kinda sweet. Wait, is that too far? It's still down here first. Oh my god, this thing is scary! Woo! Oh, that just smacked me in the face. Okay, come on, we got this. Hey, look, it's cartoon. How he swings. There you go. Dude, this is hard. It's scary. Feels like I'm losing my balance to fall. This is awesome, man. Okay. This is awesome. Hey, I just said that. Oh yeah, we're talking to that one guy. What's his name from the movie? We got his name. Ned? The best friend. I think it's Ned. Okay, let's go this way. So is there people down here? Oh, there is. Let's say what's up to this guy. Yo! Hey, what's up, my boy? Hey. Oh, what? You're just boasty. Okay, let's say what's up to this guy. Can we touch him? Oh, that's so hard. Okay, can we get, like, hit by the cars or something? I don't know. Okay, that car's over here. Do whatever. Let's get out of here. Oh! Okay, let's go over here. Okay, so how do we start the mission? I think I can just run around. Just walk around and swing. Maybe I can press something? Hold on. They did put down a story mode, right? I think they did. Oh, that's their free mode. I remember pressing story mode. Yeah, let's keep running around. Uh-oh, something's going on. Oh my God, what? The sky is falling. The sky is falling? Oh my God. Let's get out of here. Oh! No, we just got hit. Did that thing hit me right in the face? Can you hear me? Yeah, I can hear you. What's going on? Why is everything black? Okay, now everything's white. Okay, now it's flashing. Guys, I think I'm dead. Oh! What is that?  Okay, my webs aren't working. Come on, work! Oh my God. Okay, we're supposed to fight this thing. Run! Where's my legs? Oh, weird. I can't shoot webs. Okay, uh... Stop. Oh, God, dude. Peter, we've got to stop. Oh! Okay, now... Oh, there you go. Pull up the armor. I'll pull it off. Why don't you shoot webs at it? Oh, you gotta be a hero. We've been training our whole life for this. Oh my God, this is crazy, man. Okay, so we have to chase that guy. Oh, okay. I see what's going on now. Come back here. This thing's leaving me behind. Stop it. All right, let's catch up to this guy. I'll try to, buddy. Give me a chance. You can run, too. Oh, yeah, forgot about that. No, no. Okay, pull it off. Why didn't I pull it? Oh, God. Why didn't I pull it? Okay, there you go. Should I just shoot it? Yeah. Oh, right now I see what's going on. We have to shoot it a lot of times, and then we pull it. Come back here. Oh, my God. Come on. He's getting away. No. Oh, my God. That was about a bar attempt. Okay, how many more armor plays do we need? He's running.  Oh, don't let him get away. I think he's heading for central. Oh, there you go. Oh, my God, this one's broken. If they shoot you, then it breaks for a little bit. Oh, there you go. No. Force him into a dead end. Hurry. Dead end trap him. How? Pull it. Pull it like that one move. Remember those moves?  Oh, my God. This is crazy, man. How did you feel like I'm fireman? Oh, my God. I just put the wall. He broke my web. Oh, great. Oh. I thought he broke both of them for a second. Okay, I'm so high up. Oh, my God. I'm so lost right now. Do the move in front of him. Hold on. Let me get on the ground. Oh, no, no. Great. No. I got it right now. Oh, my God. Let's get behind him. Oh, no. The robots are still here. Come on. Let me take these out first because they're bugging, man. Can you stop shooting at me for a second? I would appreciate it. Okay. Okay. We got them both back. The trap is in front of him. No, I didn't do it right. Hold on. Yeah, right there, dude. Oh, it's right there. Oh, he keeps shooting me. Give me a break. Come on. Where are you? Oh, there you go. There you go. There you go. There you go. Oh, my God. No robots. There you go. Oh, no. They took both of them out. What happened? The task was to surfaces. Okay. Okay. I'm just stuck here now. We need to trap them. Okay. Did that do it? I think we got them. Without us. We got them, you guys. Yeah, right? I think so. Let's go. We'll get you in there. These are dope. Don't they pull together? Yeah. All right. There you go. Oh. Yeah. He's dancing. All right, you guys. We're in Spider-Man's room right now. We're dancing as you can see. We can see ourselves right here. Which is pretty cool. Can you even, like, go down? Yeah. This is crazy, man. Hey. Hey. Hey. All right. So I said to pull the trigger to fire west. So we're just going to shoot up around the room. Oh, that was the Iron Giant. You saw that? That was pretty cool. Okay. So now we get out of here. Can I get out of here? Can you see that? Just shooting west. All right. So out we go through the window. And we're after, what's the city called? I forgot the name of the city. Oh, man. I forgot too. Oh, my God. All right, you guys. So since we managed to beat the boss very quick, and I had no idea it was going to be that short, I'm going to let Mikey play to the left. Well, I'm going to let Mikey try out the game for a bit since he really wants to try it out. So I'm going to go like... I always knew I would be Spider-Man one day. I always knew. Dude, it's so awesome. It's scary. All right, here we go. Spider-Man. Spider-Man. On the side, you click it. Okay. All right. Here we go. On the side? Yeah. Oh, my God. I forgot how crazy this was. Jump? Oh! Like you lose your balance. You catch yourself. Oh, you just broke your ankle, bro. I don't know why he keeps doing that. You just broke your ankles. I know what you're talking about. The show's like it zooms in or something. Yeah. That's why I think it doesn't work. Oh, man. Oh, you're like dizzy. Yeah, you're like stumble. Making my way downtown, walking fast. Hey, what's up, guys? How you guys doing? Hey. They're all talk to you, bro. Hey, they're all look like Eli. Look at that. Hey, what's up, bro? Hey, that's four of them. So, hey, we just thought, oh, we're trying to kiss me, bro. We're trying to kiss me, bro. Bro, there's no service. I know. They're not even walking around. They're even blink. See, there are people in the cars. I don't think so. Hey, what's up, man? How you doing? All right, let's see. Let's go over here. Can I pick up the trash? I don't think you can pick anything up. Can I push? Okay, here we go. Oh, I'm going to climb this building right now. Let's go. Just for yourself. Oh, my goodness. I forgot how real it was. No, I got to climb that one up there. All right, go, go for it. Oh. This guy. Oh, ow. Here we go. Climbing the highest mountain in the game. Let's go. Mountain or building? Oh, yeah. Building. Here we go. Let's go up there. You can walk up. Oh, oh. Here we go. He's climbing Mount Everest up. Oh, my goodness. It's by the man. Oh, yeah.  Look at that. Oh, my God. Let's go. Oh, my God. Come on. You got to pull yourself. All right, Jeff. Oh, here we go. What is that? Oh. I'm really on full spell right now. Oh, bro. Yeah, it's so scary. Wait, what's on that phone? Do it. No. Oh. Oh, yes. It's the mission, remember? You don't even know what I was at the time. It's the mission. It's part of the mission. I don't want to do the mission. That's how you beat it already. All right, man. I'm done. All right. You scared me, though. I really felt like. All right, you guys. Well, this was Spider-Man VR. Spider-Man. Far from homecoming something like that. I forgot to have all name of the game. So thank you, guys. Far from homecoming. Oh, oh. There it is. There it is. Don't worry. Don't worry. Oh, my God. All right, man. Thank you, guys, for watching. Thank you, guys, for the amazing support. If you guys enjoyed this video, we should have slapped the like button. Oh, my God, what's going on? If you're new to the channel, make sure to subscribe and hit that notification bell. And I will see you guys in the next video.