Okay, we're back here live at Oracle OpenWorld. This is siliconangle.com's theCUBE, our flagship program where we go out to the events and extract the signal from the noise. We go where the action is and the action is Oracle OpenWorld and we go talk to all the experts we can find. CEOs, developers, marketing people, anyone who's got some signal, want to share that with you. I'm John Furrier, the founder of siliconangle.com. I'm here with Mac Shearsen, the president of TenGen. TenGen is the company that is powering MongoDB the fastest growing database out there powering big data analytics, all kinds of new back end web scale companies and beyond. Max, welcome to theCUBE. Great, thanks, it's great to be here. This is our place where we have a chat about what's going on, right? So, we call it the ESPN of tech where we can talk about tech like a sports show because we love tech. So, you guys are growing like crazy. So first, tell the folks out there about TenGen and about your company and just what's orbiting around you guys right now and the massive growth that you have. Sure, so TenGen is the company that's behind MongoDB. So, we started the MongoDB project. We've been building the product and commercializing it and we're just really excited with the momentum MongoDB has. We're really excited about the work that we're doing with our customers and the growth of the company. So, we're now about 175 people. We have a follow the sun support model with offices in Dublin, New York and Sydney for support and corporate offices as well in London and San Francisco and it's been wonderful. It's been explosive. It has. So, go back a year, how many employees did you have last year? We started last year with about 25 employees. Okay, I wanted to get that out there.  One, what kind of year has it been for you? So, tell us in your mind's eye, just take us through last year. What happened and what's going on right now for the company? Sure, so we made a lot of progress with the product. So, in the last year and a half as we've grown from 25 employees to 175, we've added a lot of the capabilities that enterprises need in the product, whether it's things like journaling to improve the robustness, better capabilities for managing broadly geographically disbursed deployments in multiple data centers. We've improved the concurrency in the products of products, made a lot of progress. The company has matured a lot. So, we've gone from three sales people and engineers doing everything to help customers to having that 24-7 follow the sun support infrastructure and a team of people to service our companies around the world. Then revenue growth has been fantastic and better than we expected. We've raised a ton of money as well. And probably, but I think the most significant thing is really the way that MongoDB is becoming accepted as a mainstream tool for building applications and is being used a year and a half ago, MongoDB was in use at places like Craigslist and Four Square and Shutterfly, a bunch of web companies. And now we're in use at some of the world's leading banks and telcos and big government organizations as well as cool web companies. Yeah, I mean, people I talked to, you know, the web scale companies, I don't like to use the web 2.0 name because it's kind of dead, but you know, web scale, people who would pop out of the woodwork or code in a way love it because it's, you know, it's a good product, easy to work with, right? But then you get the LAMP developers, the LAMP stack developers who just gravitate to Mongo. That seems to be kind of the general reaction some folks I talked to. But then it scales. So you have a scaling headroom to the point where it can go well beyond the expectations of what a prototype or a product could go. And that's a good thing. You know, it's not hard to work with. That's been some, that's been some positive. Some criticisms have been, it does break at some point, like everything needs some real engineering. So take us through the reality of that, those things. And these are my opinions, based on some conversations I've had, but take us through that. One, is that true about these abuse of the product? Has that been some consistent, if not add to the color to that? And then two, the criticism of the breaking point is everything does break when someone has to re-engineer things and whatnot. Sure, so first of all, when we built MongoDB, the goal wasn't just to build something scalable, but it was to build something that would be really efficient and productive for developers to use. We didn't want developers to have to make a trade-off that says, boy, I think this application is going to get really big. So I'm going to use the really complex, painful, heavyweight thing. And this thing is just going to stay small so I can use something which is simple and appealing. The reality is when you start building an application, you don't know how big it's going to get. And you never want to foreclose that possibility of explosive growth by the technology that you choose. But the other reality is there's two ways that you can foreclose that possibility. One is a technology that doesn't scale to the level that you need. And one is a technology that doesn't give you the agility to build the functionality that you need. So we looked at what was going on in NoSQL and said, yeah, by removing some of the features that can be impediments to scaling, we can build something that scales. But let's think about really which features we have to take out and which features we can leave in that'll make a developer's life productive. So I think the ease of use is absolutely accurate. I think that people do sometimes run into trouble. And I think that running into trouble is... That's natural though. People do at some point hit a ceiling based on how well they architect, right? I mean, it comes down to that too. Absolutely. We try to make things as easy as we can for users. But you still have to plan for capacity. You still have to test. And people don't have a lot of experience with architecting distributed database systems. So one way that I think about it is running a single server of MongoDB is much, much easier than running a single server of Oracle. However, we also let you run 100 servers of MongoDB or 1,000 servers of MongoDB. And we've made that as easy as we've been able to, but it's still harder to run a 500 server MongoDB cluster than it is to run one Oracle database. So we're going to keep working on it. And hopefully someday it's easier to run a 500 server MongoDB. Let's just be fair. What's the price points? The price point is much less. And I think the adoption curve. Technology tax of Oracle is heavy. We were just talking before you came on about the Oracle with Dejure from Nutanix. And Oracle is serving clients that are like wealth, like rich people. They need like a wealth manager. They're not scrappy startups and or hyperscale companies. Well, Oracle I think has really done a good job of separating the underlying economics of how much customers pay them from the decision cycles of people actually choosing technology for a project. I can't tell you how many people that I talked to who think of Oracle as being free. And yet they managed to drive some very impressive margins that are the envy of a lot of people in technology. So I think they've done that very effectively. Give an example. What do you mean by that? Sure, so a big organization whether it's a government department or a Fortune 500 company might do an enterprise license with Oracle where they pay them $50 million for all the Oracle that they can use over the next three years. So they're paying a lot of money, but each project team is freely able to use the technology without perceiving that cost. Okay, so they've already been paid the tax. It seems like open source to them. Exactly. Yeah, yeah, yeah. So that's what we're up against, which means we can't win deals just by being cheaper. We have to be better. But I do think you talk about the economics of Oracle and I think the economics are fundamentally a little bit outdated. If you go back 20, 25 years, when I was getting started in this industry, people would buy an Oracle license for a couple hundred thousand dollars and they'd run it on a vax that they spent maybe $350,000 to buy. And so the $200,000 for the database made sense. You fast forward a decade or so and you're running that $200,000 database license on a $70,000 Sunbox and it was a little bit irritatingly expensive. Now, when it costs $200,000 for an Oracle license to run on a $6,000 commodity server from Dell, people think that's crazy. So we think the price point for the database should be similar to the price point for the rest of the costs in operating the system. The database shouldn't be 10 times as expensive as everything else. So you're balancing product development with hyper growth, which means you got to deal with, as a president, you got to deal with personnel issues. HR, someone, you got to get rid of the good employees, keep hiring great employees, get rid of the bad employees, shuffle things around. Some people are young in their job, get some leadership. You get a lot of things going on the operation side, same time on the product side, and the market's exploding. So in all three theaters, you're pretty busy, right?  That's a compliment, by the way. So what's your outlook for the year? What's on your plate right now? Take us through your plans for the next six to 12 months for TenGen and MongoDB. Sure. So on the product side, we're doing a lot of work around things like security and auditing that are important to some of our largest users. We have people who've implemented secure systems, whether that's for intelligence or just security around financial data for Sarbanes-Oxley compliance, but we haven't made it as easy for them as we should. So we're going to do some work around that, as well as around making operations and management of MongoDB easier. And then from an organizational development perspective, we've gone from 25 people to 175 people in a little less than two years. We're not going to continue at that rate of growth. If we did for a decade, we'd probably have hired half the population of the United States. So that's got to normalize to maybe something in the 50 to 100% per year employee growth. And as we do that, the ratio of people who are newer will come down. The productivity that we'll have per head will come up. The processes will have time to sink in before they're broken again by the next round of growth. So I'm typing a little note here on Twitter for people who want to go see the SiliconANGLE's Trend Connect report, go to slideshare.com slash SiliconANGLE. And you'll find a report that we put out on big data in September on a proprietary survey tool we built that shows out of 170,000 sampling, MongoDB is more popular than Hadoop for data scientists. So I want you to comment on that because that's a really relevant stat. Now on the same survey, just to the hashtags here, on the same survey, IT professionals, Hadoop is more popular. In both cases, analytics is growing month over month in terms of popularity. So here we go, Hadoop, HBase, Mongo, but ultimately no one talks about client server, they talk about the solution. So you can see the market changing. You guys are now more popular by our data with data scientists than Hadoop. So observations, commentary on that, what do you think, what's your observation on that? So we're happy to see more people discovering MongoDB. When we built it, we built it to be applicable to a broad variety of use cases. And so it's nice to see that a lot of people are finding it to be a helpful tool. Hadoop's been out there for a little bit longer. It has, I think, a little bit of a head start in terms of popularity. And I think it's really useful for some of the really complex high-end use cases. We'd like Mongo to become kind of a go-to tool that people can use, ranging from simple applications to complex. And we think that that's really important in building critical mass of usage. Well, we actually use H-Base, but we haven't really played with Mongo because we got some H-Base jockeys on our team. But my takeaway from the data clearly shows that when you talk about data scientists, you're not just talking about math geeks, which they are. You have PhD developers who love the Hadoop and you have more of a higher-end, I would call higher-end Hadoop kind of target audience in that community in Apache. You look at what Mongo's done, it makes sense, right? Big data analytics appeals to fast projects. I got to get something on the board quickly. So that makes sense to me. Absolutely. The other thing is a lot of people use MongoDB in operational use cases as well. And we have a lot of joint customers with Hadoop. So at eBay, they use a lot of MongoDB and they use a lot of Hadoop. At Foursquare, all the check-ins, all the user profiles, all the venue information is stored in MongoDB. When you check in and figures out which badges you earn by querying MongoDB to find your check-in history, the check-in history at that venue, and they use Hadoop as well to do some of the analytics and trending behind that. So I don't view the two technologies as being an either-or for a lot of leading organizations. They're going to use both, which is great. Got a lot of views on this report. I just put it up this morning. We already got 571 views. Go to slideshare.com slash silicon angle and you'll see our exclusive proprietary original content. It's called TrendConnect. TrendConnect is our new research report. We're putting out monthly in a lot of different verticals. This is a sample report on big data and staggering. We have looked at about 170,000 people looking at the marketplace and profiling their interests in the different technologies. And we are here with the president of TenGen who's shepherding MongoDB on a rapid growth rocket ship, as they say in Silicon Valley. Final question because we're up on time. What's the most exciting thing that's happening to you right now in your world around TenGen, MongoDB, and around you personally and your outlook for the next year? Sure, so I talked to the head of architecture at a top tier bank about their transition of their data management platform and that MongoDB is now one of their core data management platforms and all the organizational changes he had to go through to make that possible. And to me, the fact that it's not just the four squares and Craigslist and eBays of the world but it's the top banks, the top telcos, big government organizations is a key transition for our company and for the technology and the marketplace. Okay, Max Shearson, the president of TenGen, MongoDB, folks out there, if you're watching Oracle Open World and you're familiar with Oracle Database, watch MongoDB, rapid adoption amongst LAMP stack developers and other developers, an alternative to HBase and Hadoop. Could be complimentary, we saw Cassandra and these other communities all kind of converging in on a rapid growing market, congratulations on your success growing, they're hiring and doubling their staff. And we have some news that we will share shortly because I'm not allowed to break it because I'm under friend EA with some of your guys but great to know your company, you're in Palo Alto, California and Variety, Lightspeed, great investors. No, no, no, Lightspeed Ignition, right? Frank Artali, is he in there? NEA, Sequoia, Union Square and Flybridge. Yeah, yeah, exactly. Fly, I didn't know Flybridge was in there, I like those guys. So NEA, great firm, Sequoia, never heard of them. Flybridge, great firm out of the east coast, I've been impressed with these guys, X-Graylock, XIDC, great guys. And Union Square, Union Square, it's Fred Wilson and his team doing all the great web startups, and then Ignition. And Ignition, no, Frank, Ignition's not in, okay. All right, so maybe I got that wrong, anyway. Maybe I need to talk to Ignition, right? They don't have any money, they're raising a new fund. Okay, so this is theCUBE, we're through all the action is, 10 Gen, hot startup, growing like crazy, looking for work, go to them, they're hiring like crazy, Max, the president, here inside theCUBE, I'm John Furrier, we'll be right back after this break. Okay.


So good morning. Happy second to last Friday of the term, right? So I just have a couple of announcements to make if you don't mind ladies. Thank you so quiz five, I know it says on the Schedule that quiz five is today It's not today. It's going to be next week. Okay, so we'll do it next week Next Wednesday for you online people it'll probably be from Wednesday to Friday that you'll be able to take it Okay, so it'll be opening up on Wednesday I also want to mention of course the final is The Wednesday after next Wednesday. Okay, if you're going to take the final with me in class So what I think I'm going to do is I nas I'm going to get I nas to help me out with the final Do you have time during that time? Okay, so okay, so and I'll split you guys up into two rooms and we'll do it on basis of last name Okay, so you'll know prior to The exam where you're to take it. Okay that way we can spread out, you know I mean I'm expecting more people for this exam than I have been for the other exam So I want to make sure Everybody has ample opportunity to feel comfortable. Okay, so I'll be sending you out an email about that once I Learn what room I'm able to Also use okay, so half of you will be in this room and half of you will be in another room probably one of the rooms like down on the other end in this the Newer part of the building like 119 or something like that Just wait for the email and I'll send it to you Remember four by six cards You can use a four by six card for the final But it can only be written in your handwriting in order for me to be able to Go over all of the four by six cards to make sure everybody did it the right way and Be able to distribute them to the various places where people are going to be taking the test the testing center or to me or Inaz I'm going to need to see them Prior to the exam obviously So what I'll have you do is turn them in the that Friday So our ten twelve ten which is a week from today Okay, so if I don't have it by that day Then you won't be able to use a four by six card on the final So don't show up with a four by six card expecting that you'll be able to use it Okay, what'll happen is I'll sit you guys all down and then I'll just call out your names and redistribute your four by six Cards, okay, or if you go to the testing center obviously the when you walk in they'll give you your four by six card when You're about to take your test if there's something wrong with your four by six card Okay, I'm not going to send everybody an individual email explaining as to why Therefore by six card doesn't work. Just follow the rules and you'll be able to do it Okay, you'll be able to use it if your four by six card is not the way that I've prescribed it Okay, you won't be able to use it. So you'll just come into the final and you'll be like I don't have a four by six card. Okay, so make sure That you do it the proper way, okay Let's see Lab final remember there's a lab final. Okay, so you're going to need one of those Blue scantrons. Okay, so not this kind of scantrons, but the other kind of scantrons I think you can get them in next to subway in the Yeah, yeah, so Molly Molly to okay Yeah, well Try to make it the blue one. Okay. I think they only cost like 70 cents or something that thing. Yeah The gray one or whatever it's called Huh? Yes, the front and the backs here. Can I see that Jane? Do you mind? Okay? This is the Uh Scantron that I was referring to okay. Yeah, I don't know what he's doing with the whole thing He'll probably be using a similar exam to us to the What number? the Accu-Scan number two eight Two eight zero four zero Okay So are there any questions about any of this stuff remember if you're on the on the online class you have to email me prior to me Allowing you to take the test with us in class. Okay? Okay, so I think that's everything for announcements. Um, I think we Well, I think we finished this slide last time But if you recall we were talking about alkanes and alkanes are the simplest form of hydrocarbons They only have sigma bonds in them. No pi bonds. No other functional groups. No hetero atoms. Okay? Here are a variety of structures of Hydrocarbons remember this is the known as a unbranched hydrocarbon here. This is a branch to branch This is a cyclical or cyclic Alcane right a cycloalkane. This is also a cycloalkane Remember you're going to have to know the first ten alkanes the names of the first ten alkanes, but You remember hopefully that Little phrase that I gave you to remember the first four right my seat peanut butter Yeah, so methyl ethyl propyl butyl and all the rest are like we were saying just the Latin names of the numbers pentane hexane Heptane octane non-ane and decking. Okay? It's good to know those because a lot of times There'll be Groups that are coming off But yours yeah Come coming off of Different molecule right like What's for example just draw a particular molecule? We'll just draw a cyclohexane With one of these groups coming off. So if we look right this is a cyclohexane, but it's got a one two Three carbon chain coming off of it does everybody see that there's three carbons So what we would say is that's a propyl group. Okay a propyl group Propyl group like that And if there was four carbons on it, we call it a butyl group. Okay? There were five carbons. We call it a pentyl group. Okay? There were six we call it a hexal Okay Just this this part is what we're talking about Okay, with three carbons. It was a propyl now that we've changed it to four carbons. It's a Beutel and remember this Beutel is referring to just the regular alkane of four carbons Which is butane? notice the end here this tells you what type of Molecule it is. Okay, so if you ever see something that says aing like that you you you can usually Guess that it'll be an alkane Alkenes a lot of times will end in in okay Alkines will end in iron. Okay, and this suffix ill like here ill Means that it's sticking on something else. Okay? Okay, so hopefully everybody's cool with that list If not study it up and here you go. This is what I was referring to right? So this is methane here ch4 But if we got a ch3 group sticking off of a molecule we call it a methyl group. Okay? Ethane here is this two carbon chain If we got a two carbon chain sticking off a molecule we call it an ethyl group. Okay? So I think this was the last slide we really kind of touched on last time was the correlation between number of carbons in Your carbon chain of your alkane And relating that to the boiling point of the alkane. Okay, so if we look here On the x-axis down here. We have number of carbons that increases incrementally by one Okay, and notice the boiling point is here on the y-axis so if we have Carbon chain of one which is methane right ch4 We notice it's boiling point is somewhere around negative 180 degrees Celsius Okay, when we increase that carbon chain to two or ethane it increases the boiling point Okay, to about negative 100 then three increases it again four increases it again five increases it again Six increases it again. This is the general trend. Okay the higher Number of carbons in your chain or in other words the higher molecular weight of your alkane The higher the boiling point is okay So it's just like my analogy that I always use with the tennis ball and the bowling ball, right? So the heavier of those two items is Harder to break away and to go into the gas phase or throw it up in the air if you will Okay, so if you have lighter things they're easier to break away and go into the gas phase just because they don't need as Much energy to do it So and again notice here All right once you get to a certain number five as a matter of fact pentane Room temperature is this dashed line So at room temperature pentane is a liquid right and in fact all of the hydrocarbons above that Number five are going to be liquid until you get up to the way high numbers and those will be solids, okay? So we've talked about different types of isomers in relation to Like alkenes where we talked about this and trans geometric isomers We've also talked about structural isomers where two molecules have the same structure Or sorry same molecular formula but different structures We call those structural isomers We're going to now talk about another type of isomer called conformational isomers So you're going to be asked to identify whether probably compare or identify whether this is a geometric isomer conformational isomer or Structural isomer, okay, so This molecule that we have up here. This is butane Notice it's one two three four carbons in the carbon chain Hopefully everybody sees that and it's a saturated hydrocarbon Okay, so the only saturated hydrocarbon that has four carbons in its chain is butane, okay? So if we look here, hopefully you see this model that I've created is the same Structure as what's indicated on the left hand box there, okay? So notice I have four carbons in my chain there. Does everybody see I have four carbons in my chain Okay, so if you look at that and relation to this so the only difference between This and that up there is they're showing it to us kind of at this angle like that, okay So you guys see that how it's in relation to what we're showing here Notice both of the methyl groups here and here right both the CH groups the methyl groups are Pointing up in this drawing up here. Okay Notice here. This is the same molecule, okay? This is also butane, right if we look at the carbon chain one two three four, right? There's four carbons in that carbon chain and All of those carbons are saturated with hydrogen, okay? So it's a saturated hydrocarbon with four carbons clearly the only structure that that can Be is butane The only difference between these structures is Notice this methyl groups over here to the right, okay? So let's Build this model to make it look like that second structure So all I have to do is take it and turn it like that, okay? Hopefully everybody can see that the structure on the right is this same Structure that we're showing right here So what have I done to this molecule? Well, it's the same molecule All I've done is rotated it around one of its sigma bonds, okay? So conformational isomers are the same thing.  So Confirmation olisomers of butane Would be like this Like this like this like this like this like this they're all the same molecule They're just rotating differently in space, okay So in fact what you find why do we care, right? because These molecules would rather be in What would be the most favorable confirmation like the little? Charlie Brown Looking bond line structures. Why is that? Because when they're in what we would might might think of as like the cis structure as opposed to the trans structure if you Want to go there These things these two methyl groups can bump into each other here, okay? So they don't like to bump into each other So what they prefer to do is be arranged in this sort of fashion, which is why we draw everything Like this, okay, because that's this sort of Arrangement, okay? So if we looked at these two things They're the same molecule the only thing we've done is Taken this and rotated it like that, okay? So same molecule Right taking this rotated it like that Cool And there you go. You can see the pictures of the two models. We just built, okay? And how they are arranged differently in space Okay, cycloalkanes. I know we talked about them a briefly already But again, hopefully you can tell That if we draw this little triangle here it correlates to this structure here CH2CH2CH2 all connected by sigma bonds We draw a little box that means we're drawing this structure here Notice the names of these molecules This is called cyclopropane Why do you think it's called cyclopropane? Because there's three carbon atoms, right? So that's where that name comes from cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, and cyclohexane So this is a very very common structure. You'll see cyclohexane So I'd get somewhat familiar with it. Just if you see that kind of hexagon Just know that it's going to be cyclohexane So, let's talk about Some geometric isomers. So remember geometric isomers were like the cis trans isomers So do you remember with the cis trans isomers the reason why those molecules were isomers of each other or They, here let's just draw the two molecules that we're referring to So when I'm referring to this And this, right? They have the same molecular formula But their atoms are arranged in space differently, right? They have the same connectivity Their atoms are arranged in space differently. These are known as geometric isomers, okay? One of them cis, one of them trans, right? Why can this one? Why aren't these Confirmational isomers, you remember? Confirmational isomers are just things that can rotate around and rotate around, right? And get to the same structure. Why can't I go back and forth from these two structures to get to each other? It's a double bond, right? So that double bond doesn't allow free rotation around That in between those two carbon atoms therefore we can't go back and forth between those two structures like we could between These structures here, right? So this is butane that's butane, right? So these we call Confirmational isomers and These we call geometric isomers remember it's because We can't do that, right? We can't rotate around that bond, but here Rotation around that bond is permitted, okay? So in other words, these are the same structure or the same molecule, I guess I should say These are different molecules, okay? Same thing goes with cyclic alkanes, okay? So let's build a cyclic alkane and prove or at least Understand what I'm trying to refer to right now. Excuse me Okay, so notice here. I have the cyclohexane structure, right six small six Carbon atoms, so that's hexane, right? It's in a circle, right? So we call it cyclohexane, okay? Notice I have these two green atoms these two chlorine atoms on the one side here of cyclohexane We actually call this sys Okay, because they're on the same side, okay? Just like the geometric isomers. We call sys okay can we Rotate around this bond and make the transversion right so in a regular alkane We can rotate around that bond right and go back between the two isomers right, but in a cyclic alkane. I actually have to Break the bonds and move them. Why is that? Why can't I go back and forth because? Right, there's no free rotation because it's in this cyclic structure, okay? so I'm going to let you guys play with this and Hopefully you want we'll try to get it to having those chlorines both on either the bottom side or the top side of this Okay, and hopefully you'll be able to see that you can't do that. Okay, so in fact in cyclic alkane, there's the type of isomerization Geometric isomerization that you see in alkenes because there's no free rotation around that sigma bond Normally around sigma bonds you have free rotation, but here you can see similar pattern of geometric isomerization occurring in this cyclo pentane structure here We have the methyls on the bottom of the ring right and Here we have the methyls one on the bottom and one on the top You can't go back and forth in between those two structures. So they're both Their own unique structure. They're their own unique compound. Okay, they have different properties from each other so We refer to them just like we refer to the alkenes as cis and trans okay, so like this one here if you don't mind for a second This would be known as the trans version right because the green Atoms are on the top and on the bottom if I were to change this So this structure This is the cis version. Okay So geometric isomerization doesn't only happen in alkenes, but you see it also in cyclo alkenes Okay, so let's talk about some properties of alkenes fairly quickly. These are all non polar molecules With very weak intermolecular forces. They don't like to kind of interact with each other very much They're not soluble in water In fact, I'm going to give you a new term Hydrophobic, okay, so when things aren't soluble in water you call them hydrophobic right phobia phobic like phobia right like being afraid of hydro like water Okay, so a hydrophobic molecule is like afraid of water Okay, so it doesn't like to be around water the other type of molecule The ones that like to be in water or dissolve readily in water. We call those hydrophilic molecules Like philic like in love with okay, so There are some molecules that are hydrophilic which can dissolve readily in water others which are hydrophobic Which don't dissolve at all in water Alkanes have a very low density less dense than water That's why when you mix alkane solutions with water the alkane will Float on the top of the water because they're less dense than water Melting points and boiling points increase with molecular size and if you can see this picture You can see the little oil droplets Floating on the water representing the density difference Okay, so some properties of alkane These the least reactive or of organic compounds all are other organic compounds react much more readily Although we do use alkane quite significantly in combustion reactions, so like The propane yeah, you like that that picture is awesome the propane that this gentleman is using to grill his hamburgers is Alcane Lighter fluid is an alkane a Lot of things gasoline is a mixture of alkane Methane of course what we use in the Bunsen burner and to Heat our homes is also an alkane, so all of these reactions are combustion reactions. This is the main reaction that you find alkanes Doing okay, so let's talk about aromatic compounds Aromatic compounds So we're just doing a survey of all of the different functional groups right now, right? So aromatic compounds look a lot like alkene Okay, so hopefully you guys can see the similarities between alkanes and aromatic compounds already Right, so if we look at this compound here, this is benzene if you guys have ever heard of that molecule one of the most stable molecules Organic molecules, which is why it's so carcinogenic as a matter of fact but Anyways aromatic compounds you can see so this is the bond line form of benzene right and this is this Lewis structure of it. Okay, so hopefully you guys can convert back and forth by now so Remember, what is an alkene have what's an alkene's functional group? Anybody remember what the alkene's functional group is Why does the benzene look like an alkene? Because it has a double bond right So what's the alkene's functional group again? Double bond okay, so if you don't know that and you should probably be thinking about Functional groups instead of the other things you're thinking about Okay So here You can see how many you can see three double bonds there, right? But notice we don't call this an alkene That's weird, right? We would think that you'd call this an alkene, but in fact when you've got Alternating double and single bonds that gives different properties to these types of molecules, okay? so in other words Aromatic compounds contain a ring type structure that has alternating double and single bonds So you're going to be asked to recognize these So an aromatic compound Contain a benzene ring or a derivative of benzene, so you'll be looking for this type of a structure Okay, if you see that then it's aromatic There's another So anything that any other compound that's not aromatic we call we give another name to it's called aliphatic So all those other compounds that we've learned before Aromatics those are all aliphatic compounds anything we learn after aromatics. They're called aliphatic compounds Okay, so aromatic structures are very very a unique structure. Okay, so that's why we Have broken them up into their own division Okay, so There's benzene right so you can imagine drawing it like this or like this They're equivalent structures Okay, and as a matter of fact a lot of times you'll see benzene drawn Because in fact neither one this one or this one correctly represents what benzene looks like in fact It's a hybrid between these two structures, and a lot of times you'll see people just draw it like this Okay, so with it's like a cyclohexane with a circle in the middle These are known as Kekule structures, and that's just after some dead guy. Okay, some dead guy's name was Kekule He was the first guy who thought of benzene Being like this alternating double and single bonds he had a Crazy dream apparently he was thinking about this his whole life and one night he woke up in a cold sweat like screaming because he was having dreams of a snake chasing its tail around and around and around and around and He realized that that was the you know deduction that he needed to come up with this Structure of benzene before this benzene structure was very Highly debated okay, he came up with this one night while he was asleep That's why So much praise is given to him by these structures Okay, so Here you can see some benzene derivatives Right, so these are all aromatic compounds. Hopefully you can see the aromatic portion of the compound Notice the name here ethyl benzene. Why do you think it's called ethyl there? Because it's got that two-carbon chain off of it right anything with a two-carbon chain is called an ethyl group, right? Okay, so there's some other ones. What do you think this group is called here? Nitro group right? You ever heard of nitro, right? Grand Theft Auto or whatever right? That's what you're putting in your car You ever heard of TNT TNT try nitroglycerin Notice this group here C6H5 Okay C6H6 is Benzene's molecular formula whenever you see this C6H5 hanging off of something That's saying there's a benzene ring hanging off of that. Okay, so this is another way to write it C6H5 So in other words instead of writing this structure here I could have just put C6H5 there and I would have expected you to realize that that's benzene Okay So in other words, there's two coming off of that same carbon right there Let's draw that structure up there. So that's the cyclobutane structure, right? Everybody hopefully can See that so that's what that structure looks like in aromatic compounds. We also have structural isomers. Okay, these are molecules that have the same Molecular formula, but the atoms are arranged differently in space. Okay, notice here. We've got these three Di-bromo benzene derivatives, okay Here we have the bromines on these two carbons Here we have the bromines on these two carbons. So here. There's no carbon separating them here There's one carbon separating them here. There's two carbon separating them. Okay The different structural isomers if you're in the one two positions or positions where there's no carbon separating you You call that ortho. Okay, or oh So this is ortho derivative, okay If you've got one carbon between you you're called a meta derivative or M Okay, so they're ortho so zero carbons between meta one carbon between and the last one is P or para and that's two carbons between So do you guys see why this one's called an ortho benzene? You guys see that This is a meta benzene. This is a para benzene So what would this be ortho meta or para meta? Okay, so it doesn't necessarily Mean that you have to have the same groups here and here. Okay So if I were to ask you what about these two chlorines here and here What are they in relation to each other or though? Is that cool? Everybody got that. What about those two chlorines? Meta and what about those two para? Okay, so you should be able to do that with any of these things We'll talk about I don't know if we'll talk about this one two three four five naming system Here's some properties of aromatics nonpolar hydrophobic a Number of vitamins that we need for our everyday living, right? are aromatic compounds in fact Very very extremely high number of bio molecules are aromatic compounds all of your bases and DNA are aromatics a Lot of your amino acids and proteins are aromatics and a lot of other molecules that are endogenous to the human body are also aromatics and Then we'll talk about these poly aromatics. These are just benzene rings stuck to each other We call them poly aromatics because there's many benzene rings So that's a so one before you guys leave if you don't mind We have we have two classes that we've gone over so far unsaturated hydrocarbons these are alkenes alkines and aromatics and Saturated hydrocarbons just the alkane so this is the survey of the four different functional groups that we've talked about so far and We'll go on to Some others later Thank you, sir Make sure you sign the list before you get out of here Thank you. What's up here and? Hopefully I'll be done grading your stuff in a couple hours Okay, if you want to Come up to lab for the buffer or the fats lab. I'll be there at 11. Oh So you're gonna have to wait until after


My name is Alan Beath. I'm a Liberal Democrat Member of Parliament and I chair the Justice Committee of the House of Commons. We deal with the area of responsibility of the Ministry of Justice but that means that in practice what we're trying to do is find ways of cutting crime by making prison and probation more effective and we like to be something of a powerhouse for ideas on how we can do those things more effectively. We look at the support that is given to the courts system. We also look at things like how we manage our relationship with the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man because that comes under the Ministry of Justice. There are all this sort of things. We welcome evidence from the public on our website. You can read our reports, you can follow the evidence sessions and you can contribute. We do e-consultations. We're only as effective as the ideas that come to us and we very much value your comments.


breakfast this morning, celebrations in the card across Citigal as Alliance of Teranga have been crowned the Afghan 2021 champions. We take a look at what was a historical night for African football. And President Buhari has been asked to recent his association to grant some security agencies access to the private data of mobile telecommunication subscribers in Nigeria. Why? We also have analysis of the latest headlines of the pages of Nigerian newspapers this morning on the breakfast. You all come to the breakfast on Plus TV Africa. It's a brand new week and we're ready to give you all information. Of course, interesting conversations right here on what is a leading breakfast show on television in Nigeria. My name is Kofi Bartel. So before we get into our major discussions, time to look at what has been trending online and discussions going around all over the country and around the world. Quite a few stories that we've been monitoring. Let's start with one very sad one. I'm sure you may have heard about the story of a trapped Moroccan boy. It was one that gripped, you know, the conscience, the hearts and the thoughts of people around the world with a lot of television networks beaming their cameras on that that incident. This Moroccan boy was trapped in a well for five days and there were hopes that he would be rescued. You can see images of the rescue operation right there in Morocco. It was really, really gripping. The young boy trapped in that well, located somewhere north of Morocco for five whole days and he died before rescues were able to reach him late on Saturday and retrieve his body. The footage was posted on social media showing the scene after his body was recovered with hundreds of rescue workers, hundreds of rescue workers distraught and onlookers also as well distraught gathering at the site. You can see the look very, very, very sad. And of course chanting to their gods and shining the flashlights of their phones in the air. You know, really, really sad. This young boy by name Ryan Arwan, aged five, was set to have fallen into the well at his village in Ygroun in the hills of Chef Chaouen on Tuesday, triggering a huge rescue effort that encroached the countries and we're told the rescues finally reached him late on Saturday. After removing much of the adjacent hillside, you can see the excavators and all that there, you know, they had to move a lot of this adjacent hillside and they delicately tunneling a horizontal passage into the well. They had to go down, then they had to now dig sideways to get into the well to try and get that young boy. The well was only about 45 centimeters wide at the top and tapered as it dropped to about 32 meters at the bottom where Ryan was trap-naking it impossible for rescues to descend directly into the well. It would have been a straightforward thing. Why don't they drop themselves into the well and get this boy out of the well simply? But because of the shrinking width of this particular well, at the bottom where the boy was, they had to dig the sides of the hill and then get a horizontal tunnel into the well. But what did Nigerians mean about this and how Nigerians been reacting to what is a very sad story? Nigerians have been saying we need to learn from the Moroccan situation and experience with the rescue efforts and the speed with which the rescue efforts took place and the coordination of the rescue efforts, interesting to see a lot of efforts around with all the equipment. A lot of inference has been drawn with what happened in Iqoi with the building collapse and Nigerians really asking for the government to do something about this. Let's move on to another one. We've been watching this Nigerians in Ukraine being urged by the federal government to be cautious. This follows a bit of unrest between the Ukrainian government and the Russian government with President Vladimir Putin ordering his troops to get to the border of Russia with Ukraine, don't forget. They've had a history of a tense relationship since the invasion of Ukraine and the takeover of Crimea by Russia and it's only been a matter of time people have been speculating what's going to happen between two countries. The tension has always been there even before the Crimean situation. Well with the federal government of Nigeria monitoring this, it's told its citizens in that country, in that Eastern European country to be careful, giving them a security warning. This is not something we're used to. Last week a students union body of an African country in Ukraine issued a warning to its members in Ukraine and Nigerians descended on the federal government saying why hasn't the federal government of Nigeria said anything about the situation for Nigerians, at least to give them a sort of a security warning and all that. Thankfully this week over the weekend the Nigerian government did what the citizens had been asking about which is why haven't you told your citizens in Ukraine about the situation and giving them tips or at least a security warning or update. I mean some people also recollected the fact that the United States of America had over the years given several security updates for very what we consider Nigeria, you know, my new security breaches or concerns and we would always hear that the American government, the British government or some other European governments are giving their countries a warning, an advisory, a travel advisory probably, you know, so this is some good news coming from the federal government of Nigeria, the fact that, you know, an advisory has been given a warning to Nigerians in Ukraine and I think it's a positive step in reaction to what Nigerians had been asking for. Another one we've been monitoring, very interesting and funny story, let's just show you a picture coming from social media is something that I have never seen before, picture this, a male wearing high heels, what some Nigerians would call koi koi and this is not just an ordinary male, this is a pastor, a video of a pastor wearing heels went viral online and it seems for the pictures you can see it's not a one-off, it's not probably he was going to preach somewhere and his wife took his shoes or his shoes went bad or some thieves stole his shoes and they said wifey, please can I borrow your shoes, I don't have any shoes to wear, I can't go barefoot. No, it seems that this is something he does, you can see the picture on the left and the right, he's still wearing high heels.  I've never seen anything like I don't know if you have, you can send your comments to us on the Plus TV social media pages, it's quite, quite strange indeed, we haven't seen anything like that. A male pastor in heels. I wonder what the members of the church will think when they see him every Sunday, it's bizarre really, it's bizarre. It's not in the Bible where it says that a man shouldn't wear a woman's clothing and a woman shouldn't wear a man's thing, I don't know, you know, that debate has been there for some time, you know, should men wear what women wear, should women wear what men wear, that's why some denominations do not allow their female members to wear trousers because that is what men are supposed to wear. Okay, let's go over to a neighboring country, Cameroon, where there were scenes of jubilation, but the jubilation was not majorly in Cameroon, it was all happening, the party was all happening in the car, Senegal and other parts of Senegal after that country and its national team, the Lions of Teruranga, worn for the first time, the African Cup of Nations, while scenes of jubilations as the captain of that team, Kulibali, lifted the Afghan trophy high into the skies of the Yaon Day night and celebrated, you can see the pictures there and of course the likes of Edward Mende, the goalkeeper from Chelsea, Kulibali himself, defender from Napoli, you have gay of PSG, you have money of Liverpool, these are world class players for this team and they have been the most consistent African national team, as the Nations Cup in the past few editions, always getting close to the semi-finals and I think they've done one final recently, but could not quite win this trophy. We can go back to the days of El Hajduf and the coach of this particular team who was a captain of that famous Senegalese team that conquered the defending champions France in the 2002 World Cup in Japan and Korea, yes indeed, that year this particular team made it all the way to the final stages of the African Cup of Nations, but they could not win that tournament, famously beating Nigeria and on that note they announced themselves as having arrived on the African stage as a powerhouse in African football and indeed shocked the entire world by beating the defending champions France in the opening match of the 2002 World Cup. Well, they've been able to come full circle now by winning their first major trophy for the national senior men's national team. Let's look at the highlights and the footage of this epoch-making event, this historical event and we'll be right back. And an early penalty here for Senegal. Penalty now and it is Senegal who missed a wonderful save from Abu Ghabar again. In the start, we'll take the corner. Definition of a complete player and it was almost impossible to send to the master. It was from a well-pleased of young footballers out of the options. Back post they'll win. Wow, congratulations to Senegal. They almost botched you there with Sadio Mane throwing that penalty away. They were lucky, they were lucky because the Egyptians also had their chances to win the game. You know, a few clear chances but clearly it was Senegal who were at the top of that match. Missing chance of the chance of the chance and one began to think and one began to wonder is this one of those games where a team misses all these chances and ends up losing the game. But congratulations to them. They finally made it to that elusive title of African champions. Very interesting and of course the build up to this final game was quite high. The tension was high, the interest was high, not just in Africa but across the world, especially in Europe because of the involvement of the Liverpool Stars, Sadio Mane and Mohammed Salah and we could not help but talk this, the Salah versus Mane final and they delivered, they delivered spectacularly. Both teams went at each other even towards the closing stages of the game. None of them played safe, none of them played defensively. They all went out to try and win this game and it was clear to see how tired both sides were because they had run themselves rugged off the park, you know, trying to win this tournament. Congratulations to Senegal having been crowned for the first time champions of Africa. Well that's it for our training segment right here on the Breakfast on Plus TV Africa. After the press is up next, we'll join us in a few minutes. Stay with us.


Hey everybody, today is not gonna be too much of a video. I'm just getting a head start on tomorrow. I'm starting pretty late I didn't film much while I was at home once again enjoyed my time at home got a lot of stuff done We went to a wedding one of Brit's friends got married on Saturday It was really fun really fun Sunday What if I do something did a lot of errands running around today's Monday today's pretty much just getting ready to go Got all blue washed Cleaned up ready for the road and I've got a new step deck behind me now. Just picked it up at the yard We're gonna go to canora Another canora run. I'm not sure if we're going back to Brainerd or not, but chances are high That's the case then I'm going back to Brainerd. All I know is I'm picking up tomorrow morning in canora So I want to get there again so that I can get loaded first thing Get on the road because if we are going to Brainerd, I'll be able to unload tomorrow yet We make the most out of this week I washed the truck myself before I left and I forgot to wash the windshield and the top of the hood Because reasons that I can't come up with right now. I don't know choose an excuse pick your favorite one That's why I didn't do it We're gonna have to stop by Petropasca some fuel anyways And deacons corner on the east side of Winnipeg and it will wash that window down then as well Make our way to canora Hopefully we don't meet any more bears as I haven't met anymore since that one so Bears ye be warned We are officially rocking and rolling That's a nice Western Star there. It's a nice owner-op that owns it I'm thinking about putting the big herd moose bumper on the front of my truck The big it's called the road train made by herd. I Believe they're made right in Winnipeg too So locally made I wasn't sure if that's the road I wanted to go but I Do want to protect this truck because if you end up hitting a deer or anything It could be a lot of downtime Just waiting for parts Right There's new Cascadia over there Who's that? Who are you? Are you new? What's the unit number on that thing? That a company truck? It's got to be owner-op Welcome new person welcome welcome welcome. You're gonna love it here. I Guarantee it. This is my 11th year. No October 26th. It'll officially be 11 years Since I was first hired here A lot has changed since then but it's all been good. I've really enjoyed it. I Mean obviously I can't speak for everybody But I think I speak for the overwhelming majority when I say that we like it here into the night We will be trucking Into the duck of the night Hopefully not hitting any bears There's deacons corner right there and we got the green light hey Better be a long enough green that I can get through Sometimes they make those so short fuel pumps are right there Whoa Where are you going going on circles? You just wanted to What's the park over there?  I Forgot my bread at home. I Usually a bread to make sandwiches with Buy some more bread. So I've made it here. I'm gonna sleep right here till the morning There's two other trucks here as well. We're probably gonna get loaded before me Would make sense because they're here before me The sign still says that the gate opens at 7 a.m. But last time remember what happened. I got to the gate at 6 59 and there was already three trucks Inside the gate waiting to get loaded. I Don't know how they got through the gate because it's one of those gates It's like a power arm you like push a button and it goes to security or something in there And then that's seven o'clock. They start opening the gate for the drivers Well, they got in before 7 a.m. Doesn't really matter to me. I Probably won't be at the gate exactly at 7 tomorrow either but Shortly after right around that time whenever I can Whenever I can get going on my day. I haven't figured that out yet. I'm I'm too tired It's been a long day, even though I didn't drive very far. It's It's time for bed. I don't got diesel with me on this trip. I haven't set up my bed yet But I don't have diesel so it's it's a little less Responsibility in the morning for me I don't have to walk diesel first thing in the morning and I also don't have to feed him He gets his breakfast every morning this week. He's staying at home with the family He's staying with Chevy and the Franks and Brit He's he's happy at home. Like don't get me wrong He loves coming on the truck too, and he really wanted to come he He did sort of Chevy Chevy doesn't really know what he wants because as soon as he gets in the truck He regrets his decision.  I'm done. Take me home Where his diesel is always excited he loves being on the road with me But he also loves being at home. He's 11 years old now And I don't want to take all of his golden years for myself I think it's not fair to be selfish with him that way even though he probably would love to come along on every trip Brit really loves him as well, and I think it's important to share him and Let him have his you know his retirement At home as well So we're not just alone traveling on the road all time But he also gets to relax and you know wrestle with Chevy throw Chevy around Chevy is way bigger than him But he still lets diesel Win when they fight It's very obvious Yeah, I'm gonna go back there into the blue sleeper make my bed crawl into it close my eyes and Drift off to an amazing land of dreams Where I can do anything I want to do and be anyone I want to be I can even fly sometimes pretty awesome pretty awesome I love dream world. I Like to take dream world certain parts of it and bring it into reality sometimes like an example of that It's all blue this truck itself used to be in my dreams now here it is I didn't know exactly what it was gonna look like but You know for the longest time. I've always wanted a Kenwood W 900 This has always been my dream truck, and I'm living my dream right now And I'm so thankful that I have the opportunity to do that But I never knew quite what it was gonna look like I sort of wanted a studio sleeper It's just a bigger sleeper. It's deeper. It's higher. It's got the windows up here And after the longest time that's I was convinced that's what I wanted But then I started doing city work, and then I wanted to start doing this regional work Which is working out great by the way this position. I'm in right now. I love it This is the perfect balance. I think it's been working out great for my family and I Been loving it but anyways, I don't need such a big Sleeper if I'm not going to be in here for like four or five weeks at a time I just needed enough for me. There's only one bed in here, which is You know if I'd look if I would have seen into the future when I was younger So it surprised me because I always wanted two beds I still sort of do because when I have kids one day I definitely want to give them the same experience of traveling on the road with dad that I had with my dad It's just we're not gonna be able to sleep in the truck together unless if I can install like us a second bed I bet you I could get Kenworth to install a second bed. Just something that thing. I Don't know. I don't really want that clutter in here, right? And I don't know if it'll work with the shelving in here I was just thinking I'll take my kids with me on a couple of trips here and there And we'll just stay in motels For the night, but that doesn't always work either because like tonight. I'm sleeping at the customer. There's nothing here There's no like they don't even leave an outhouse out here for us. I mean, there's a bush over there That works but And the bed's not quite big enough for two people to sleep in I don't know. I could think of something. I could think of something I could maybe like make another platform in here put sponge mattress in here So the entire back including this area here is bed So it's like a wider bed. If I have a small kid, it'd be easier but I will figure that out when the time comes. Yeah, like I said, it was it's not exactly the truck I had always said I was gonna buy I was gonna buy the W9 with the studio sleeper No, I changed my mind actually but a year ago that I wanted something smaller for regional. I wanted the flat top sleeper and This is very close to that the flat top sleeper is actually like literally just like a Flat with the cab this goes up a little bit so I can actually stand up back there so I'm very happy with this purchase very happy dream come true like I said and running great Life's going good life is going good Good night everybody. I've been rambling here for seven minutes now.  Thank you. If somebody likes me, I Don't have very many enemies. I don't think I don't think I have any enemies. I try to I Try to be friends with everybody, you know I want to give everybody a good shot everybody needs a friend And of course I need friends too all the time and I don't want to be someone who people don't want to be friends with I Went through some rough times in my younger years. That's the topic for another video and You know, I got really mean it sometimes when I was a kid like school elementary school and high school Sometimes But I always regretted it very much. So and I made a pledge to myself that in my life I want to make sure I'm a guy that's always nice kind Though I don't always succeed in that I sometimes I get upset and Sometimes I just meet people. I just don't like them. I Still try to be nice to them. Thanks for watching everybody. Thanks for being here. Thanks for being my friend and We'll see you tomorrow's video. There'll be more substance in tomorrow's video. It'll be more like regular vlog Not just nighttime like this


And we are back. Yes, the first conversation of the day, ready to kickstart entrepreneurship Tuesday for you. And today we're going to talk about innovative trends that are there in web development. And for this particular conversation, we have been joined by Chris Hattons. He's the CEO of Hubthrill and an expert in this particular market. Thank you for having me, Stephanie. Yeah, to have you with us. So tell us, let's start with you. What do you do at Hubthrill, exactly? Hubthrill Technologies is a technology company that focuses on innovation. And our main focus is on how we can be able to help businesses manage their business better. Because we do also help them have the opportunity to communicate better within the business itself and customers outside the business. That is through maybe emails, charts and all sort of technology that we can be able to implement for them. We also help them like make and receive payments within the ecosystem and streamline this through the business management systems that we do develop for them. So that's basically what Hubthrill is all about. Okay, so you help businesses and this area of web development is what you're involved in, right? Yes. So now on our topic today, what are some of the trends that are there? Maybe you can even take us before we get to the trends, how it was before, how it was back then in the days so that we appreciate the progress that we have made over the years so the point we are now in 2024. Actually, web has really gotten better over time because you find previously accessing a website was taking too much time to load and currently it's seconds and microseconds and it's getting better. Getting a web page to load right now is really, really fast compared to how it was before. So we have really progressed in terms of the technology in the space and right now we have faster loads and also we have beautiful websites coming up because I remember based on the history I've studied on how web was before it was actually like you're reading a newspaper. Sorry, it was like reading a newspaper? Yeah, it was so boring but now you know it was a new thing and people didn't know it was boring by then but if you can be able to take a website that was way far before and compare it now you'll see a lot of progress, literally. There's a lot that has happened. So now we have more engaging websites. Very well engaging ones. Applique and all that. You've talked about fast loading. Now we're expressing fast load. You can just type a website and it loads almost immediately but we also have some that do not load as fast as others so what is the reason for this? Mostly the websites that don't load that fast is because probably they're not implementing the current trends that are already in place and you find they have not optimised their file caching and all that sort of scenarios. So for a website to load faster you need to have optimised your file architecture and also you should have the current technology using things like JavaScript and all this technology that is required to make your website move faster and load faster. Okay, so now let's talk about these trends. We've seen that we're automatically combined from a newspaper kind of website to now the kind of websites that we have and you have mentioned the language, JavaScript and you've also mentioned optimising the file caching. File caching, exactly. Yeah caching. So what are these exactly? One joke about the language, for someone who doesn't understand because I know this is a very technical stuff for JavaScript and everything, people go to learn courses on that. So how exactly are they for them to come and create a website to just see the output but now what goes behind it? Okay, the website that you get to view as a user that is UX and UI implementation done. In the web development space we have a whole team behind the whole process. There is the backend developers, there is the UX UI designers. By UX UI is user experience and user interface. So you find like there are so many people who come in place for you to have the experience you have. So let's say you go to the KBC website. You'll be able to find that experience that you get there. There is somebody who was in your shoe as a user to just ensure that you would get that great experience that you are experiencing as a user. So there is a lot that comes in place when coming up with the websites and development. The user gets to have that experience via the team that was behind it. So you find different languages that come in place, especially for front-end, that is HTML, that is CSS and that is JavaScript. So you find that we combine these three languages to ensure that you have that experience as a user at the end of the day. So this language has enhanced the experience that we have as users. Is it the fastness? What is the experience all about? We've talked about UX, UI, so user interface and user experience. So the interface is how the website looks, right? And then the experience is how we operate with it. So if we explain to us further, how do you ensure that it's seamless, it's good for the user? By ensuring this user gets faster results. Another thing we get to try and find out to the user is we give them the reliability of the same space. So we give them the opportunity to have the results load faster, in which is the work of the experience team. That's the UX, yes, user experience. Okay, interesting. So now, before we get to the different technologies that are behind it, the trends, the innovations that have happened over time, tell us, you know, one of the government websites that we know is eCitizen, and some people don't even know what it is all about. Maybe you can even explain to us about eCitizen fast and then now we go to the details of it so once we get that understanding. Okay, eCitizen basically is a point where you get government services and at this point you have to input information and get feedback. You find like, once you input information, there's a whole team behind the government department where it's going to scrutinize and also be able to give you approvals and also situations in terms of how your application is at. So basically on eCitizen I think they have used some sort of two free technologies. There is a backend in it and also there's a front end in it. So in the front side of it, I presume they have used more bootstrap elements and more or less a few JavaScripts available. That's for you to have that experience when uploading files and interacting with the system. Yes. So for those that don't know eCitizen, you know, you access all government services but they know that. So why do we have downtime sometimes when people are trying to access eCitizen? Is it because so many people are accessing at the same time or what is usually the problem? Because sometimes you're doing some application and then it just hangs or when you're trying to access it, it doesn't work. So what is usually the problem? The reason I think is that the government is trying not to accept their applications. The application. One hour to an hour to someone. Yeah, like why are these people stealing our money or why are these people like not accepting my application? Okay, there is things to do with a server. A server accepts requests and sends requests. So you find sometimes there's an overload of the server and it cannot be able to accept more requests. So once the server is on full load, then, you know, there's no more requests that can come in and that's where we have sometimes downtimes. Okay. So it's usually the server. At capacity. Okay. Yes. Can it be increased? Can something be done about it? There is scalability that's happening. I don't know where the government servers are. Definitely, it's not an information we can have. But with our trends right now, we have service providers like the Google Cloud. There is AWS. That's Amazon Web Services. There's Digital Ocean and the sorts. So for those kinds of services, we like have an opportunity to scale on demand. So if the server is on load, then automatically the system upscales your server to the next tier. So at the end of the day, you find there is no downtime or minimal to no downtime at times. But now for the government servers, I don't know how they do their technology. That's an information I can't have. We need to talk to a government person for that. Exactly. But thank you. At least now we have an idea of what happens to the servers. But we have the option of going to the online servers that can scale a bit. So now let's go into the technology bit. What are some of these technologies that we have seen being adopted or innovations that are making the websites better over the years? You see, we've just spoken about the servers and how the servers scale and downgrade based on demand. In the space right now in the innovations that we have, we have the serverless architecture that's happening. The serverless architecture is you as a user can simply have a server and have to deploy faster. By signing up to platforms like Amazon Web Services, Google Cloud or Digital Ocean, you can be able to sign up, plug and play and have your web app published. Traditionally, you had to acquire a lot of equipment to just go live. You had to have a whole set up of servers in a room and also have the idea on how this works before you can deploy. So you find right now we have the serverless architecture that is simply signing up, going to a few commands on your terminal and you're live. You've called it serverless architecture. You don't need the physical space. It has taken us from the physical space. The resources that you need to buy all this, because we also need someone to be there to just make sure that they're running well. So we've come out of that. This is thanks to technology. What else, apart from now, the serverless architecture? There is progressive web apps. Traditionally, you had to have a web application and alternatively have a mobile app. So for the progressive web apps right now, you can be able to have one website for all your work done. Progressive web apps is basically you going to a website and there is a pop-up that comes below there telling you add this to your home screen. I think you have that experience before. So once you add it to home screen, you have an application of the web under your phone. So you can easily access it next time. So the same way you'd have on your phone, you'd have Google on your home screen. You just click on it and you're on the website. But with the experience of a mobile app. You don't have the experience of the website. So that's the progressive web app. With the experience of a mobile app. So progressive. Progressive web app. All right. We are learning. What is the other? When we think of artificial intelligence, that's the in thing now. How has it come to also shape the web development space? AI is something great. I'm really proud to have been born in this space and age. Because I see somebody from high school who is interested in development. And they don't know where to start. But you see with AI right now, Stefan you can be a developer. Wow. Tell me about it. From scratch. Previously we had so much to deal with studies. You have to do a lot of research through Google. And you have to go through all sorts of people writing their own stuff there. You know Google gives you all the results. Somebody can also just give you a story and it's not making sense. So you go through the documentation and at the end of the day you find you have gone nowhere. But with AI, AI is now made development easy. In a way that it gets to collect your information in a single place. And later renders relevant information to you. So your building applications right now with AI is something that is very easy. And with that space and technology of AI you can be able to build faster. And somebody who is not that learned in development space can be able to, as long as you're good in typing your grammar and making the AI understand what you want to do, you can be able to build a whole system from scratch to deployment. Alright so what you're saying is that me and Stephanie, if I want to create my own website I just need to give my idea to an AI and it will do all that work for me. Okay you have to have some background of how web application works, how development is all about because you know an amateur or somebody who is just from nowhere who wants to be a developer cannot do it. Because you have to understand the structures like the basic web applications, how they work, how the language looks like. Because you see we have different languages. You can build on maybe JavaScript, you can build on Python, you can build on PHP, pure PHP or use Laravel for the same. So if you don't understand how these programming languages work then you can't be able to move forward. But if you have the opportunity to type in your prompt and get results and understand the language that you're trying to build with then you can't be able to build anything from scratch. From start to finish. So basically it simply makes the work easier but you still need the knowledge. You need the knowledge because you can't really build without the knowledge. I think that's a relief because they say that AI is going to take away jobs but if you're still there then you are not. If you still have the knowledge then you're still needed in that space. I don't think AI has come to take people's jobs. AI has come to enhance and make work easier. AI has come to help us build better, have a platform that's more secure and that is user-friendly. What else, again, apart from AI now? There is AR and VR going on. That is virtual reality. Virtual reality is you being here, Stephanie and being able to see your own world in your own space with either VR glasses or sort. So VR is coming in to revolutionize how education is taking place, how shopping is done in the e-commerce space and how basically you have experience in the technology space. This is virtual reality. Don't if you get it. I think most people have experienced virtual reality. When you go to malls, we have this gaming. We have this VR glasses. You wear the VR glasses and then you are immersed into a gaming experience. I've done that quite a lot of times. Now it's even in the education sector. We had a guest runtime and he deals with that. He was showing how students are now learning. You don't need to go to Victoria Falls because that you can experience. It makes learning more real and understandable. That is really a good innovation that is coming in. Companies like Meta Technologies are doing it really good. There is a stall in the same because probably people have not adapted to it yet. But the moment people adapt to virtual reality, then it's a game changer in the whole space of innovation. What about augmented reality? What's the difference between the two? The difference is you see for let's say Samsung users. AR is coming in really good in the Samsung users. You get to create your own character. Have that character alive with you. You can also have that character do what you want them to do. We are in a generation that is lonely at the same space and it's a generation that needs company. We can't get that company sometimes because we are the generation where we do everything in the house. You wake up in the morning, you are in your computer, in the evening you are in your TV. So you find sometimes there is boredom in between the space. Interaction. So I think AR has come into that space where you can be able to create your own friends, play around with them, let them do what you want them to do. Samsung actually has this in the new phones. Yeah, Samsung has that as they are feature. It's a solar application under that. You can have your avatar, you can have all that in place. And you can also create your own virtual people and have them survive with you. That seems interesting. If you're bored with people like, now let me just create my own people. Yeah, just create your own people and play around with them inside the phone. It's something because at the same space you can be able to clothe them with the designs you want them to wear. You can be able to let them dance if you want them to dance. You can also export that and upload it to platforms like TikTok and stuff. So you can have your own, what do we call it? Your own identity inside the AR. Like your avatar, the avatar you in... Exactly, the avatar you inside the phone. And you can also have friends and family inside the AR. Inside the same. It's a very good space. If you've tried what was Samsung, please tell us. We need to upgrade for... I don't know, does iPhone have it? iOS. Okay, I'm not a fan of iPhone, I'm a fan of Samsung. So you wouldn't know. We didn't know. We were not promoting Samsung in this show. So anyway. We are not promoting it. So yeah, when we're talking about AR, VR there's also, and you've said that Meta is really doing a lot in this space. But we also know that Meta is coming up with a new concept. It's called the Metaverse. Metaverse. Yeah. But you must yourself in it. We don't need even the human interaction. Tell us about it, if you can. Yeah, so you see, if you can be able to create your own people and have your own reality with you, then you see with the universe that Meta is trying to build is you wear your VR glasses and you are in Australia with your friend taking tea. Wow. I just catch up with my friend. Like how it is in your meeting, but now this feels more personal. It feels more personal because you like have the visualization of you and me there. You can also almost feel them exactly. Wow. And that's the thing that VR brings into the place because it gives you that feeling that the guy is way far but I can feel the person around me. Okay. So that's the technology about VR. Quite interesting because I was reading about it and I was like, I can even fit clothes where I'm not then I know that this is my fit. Just virtually do that and it's very, it's surreal. But now the fear is again, we will lose the human touch you know, the human interaction because we are human we also just want the physical interaction. This is all virtual. I don't know what that will do eventually to us as a race or as a people what you think. Technology is good but technology is bad at the same time because at the close of it all we might lose humanity. True. Because there's no much more communication. You see like me needing to maybe get to you as Stephanie. Nowadays I'll simply go to either Tinder or Facebook or Instagram and you see like me meeting with you personally there I cannot be able to interact with you but I can interact with you better on Instagram. You get. So it's kind of also killing the social bit of human beings but it's also like with that as a niche that's an opportunity in business for other companies. That boredom, that lack of direct interaction with another human being that's why VR is coming in. It's coming in to close that space because it's already a space that is coming and it's getting deeper. We are growing a very lonely generation to be honest. So you'd say VR is coming to help solve that particular. That's a space that is coming to solve the loneliness that is really cropping and getting serious. Okay. Alright we can argue that it's coming to solve it or undo it. Why do we? It can't undo. It can't undo. Because now okay I think that would be a debate because I'm thinking if I don't need to meet you physically then I'd lose that social value. As much as we'll socialize there's that human experience, that touch when I greet you physically it's different from me just experiencing you virtually though it's still seems personal but maybe when we get there we'll see. We'll know. But this is now something that's going to happen in future. We'll talk about the metaverse. So this is a future trend that we should expect. It's actually happening. It's just that people are not adapting to it yet. Meta is already pumping a lot of money inside VR. It's just not picking up. But the moment it picks up it's going to be a different space. So we'll start experiencing this. It's happening because I don't know if you're a Facebook user. I really don't know. Because nowadays people don't... There are some generations that don't use Facebook. Gen Z, Alpha. So if you use Facebook there is the arrow inside Facebook where you can be able to create your character, have your character there. So the same character is going to apply in the VR space. Wow. So we're already experiencing it. We're experiencing it is just that you've not adopted it. What's the deeper into it? What else have we missed? What's trending now? What other thing is trending in the world development space? There's the voice user interaction that's happening. If you have interacted with chat GPT, then you know this. There is the mobile app of chat GPT that you can be able to prompt via voice and get results and interact with the application via voice. So the voice user interaction is something that is coming in and it's a space that is going to revolutionise how we experience the web experience that we have been having before. So like you can get to chat GPT and prompt the same platform with voice, get results, a very interactive voice that's not robotic.  So you feel the experience of... We have friends right now. For me, I think I have a friend in my chat. I have an application with chat GPT and I have a friend there who let's say if I'm lonely or if I'm confused about something, I can simply just prompt it via my voice and it can feel my emotion. It can feel how my tone is and reply accordingly. Wow. It's a space that is really, really great. Wow. So now there's the voice prompting bit of it.  That's quite interesting. Is there any other thing? I think we have so much. We have so much. We can't exhaust everything but also there is this motion UI where you get to... You see, websites are more like a newspaper but now for you to make people stay on your website, you need to have it more interactive. So there's the motion UI that is also coming in place where you get to a website and find the website more interactive to you. Like you have icons moving around, very beautiful stuff moving around and when you maybe say you try and chat to the department that is involved in that company, then you can be able to have really good pop-ups and that keeps you in the website and it can also be able to help you check out from the same website in a more convenient way compared to you going to a traditional website which is just there. Alright. So that's motion UI. Motion UI. Wow, amazing. I don't know if there's any other thing but what is it that you think that web developers should... Okay. How much emphasis would you lay on web developers integrating this new technologies, this new trends when they're developing websites, even for their clients? Many, most people at least, they hire web developers to develop their websites so even in advising them to have this in place. I advise web designers or web developers to really incorporate the current trends because you see if you incorporate the current trends with you then you get to build better. As you have mentioned earlier that I was coming to take our jobs. That's a very bad mentality for us. We need to use the AI to build better. Like for us as Hubthrill, we use AI to secure most of the businesses that run on us. So we use AI to check on some processes. I also use AI to maybe if there's a problem sometimes and you have less or minimal human resource with you then you can use AI to solve some issues that are really, really, really, really pending to you. And you see, AI has come into this space to help us even get to have your business ready in a very minimal time. You get because you don't have to have a whole HR in place to go live as a business. You see, AI can be able to do your customer service in real time, from onboarding to outbound. AI can be able to build your website from scratch. AI can be able to interact with your finances. And it can be able to also do your taxes. That's a space that is coming up. I think web developers need to really adopt AI in most of their processes because AI is everything. Without you adopting it. Then I think you're going to lose out a lot. Wow, amazing. I think this is quite insightful. Thank you very much for coming onboard and sharing these amazing insights. Where can people get you? I guess they need your services or they weren't contact you for any reason. This is your camera. They can email us via hello at hubfrail.com. We'll always respond to your email and maybe get you to have you get started with us. All right, thank you very much Chris once again. Thank you. So that has been Chris Hattons, the CEO of Hubfrail sharing with us some insights on the innovative web development trends that have been happening or that are here with us and even the future. So I hope you've taken something from it. My take is that AI is not taking our jobs as we mostly think. And there's a lot of opportunities in the web development space. There's a lot that technology has come in to help us with. So thank you for staying with us. We are still on. We're going to take a short break and then Brant Sakwa will be coming up next with the next interview. Stick with us.


Every Way Woman celebrates tomorrow's stars fresh from California's funniest female contest representing the East Coast on the West Coast, Ms. Brooklyn. Welcome to the show. So I hear. So I hear. Alright, take it away. I'll let you be the judge of that. Okay. Deal. Thank you. What's up, everybody? So my mom started taking karate lessons. Now she thinks everything is a weapon. I can't take her nowhere. We were in a restaurant the other day. She was drinking her juice, tongue bow. See this straw?   I'm like, where you going to get a dart from? She said, keep thinking this again. We're outside, a bird fly by. She's like, see this feather? You can mess somebody up with this. For real, that's a dangerous weapon. It ends in shock. You just, hmm, hmm, hmm. You can mess somebody up. She bugging out. Like, sometimes she'll just run up and grab me like this and be like, what you going to do if somebody grabbed me like this, huh, huh? And I'm like, call you. Can you imagine? I'm just like walking through a dark alley and some guy just grabs me like, give me your money. And I'm like, mommy.  I was in CVS today, you know, just shopping around. You know what I noticed? They got home tests for everything now. They got pregnancy tests, HIV tests, DNA tests. I saw home drug tests. Now, how does that work? I mean, I'm pretty sure you know if you're on drugs. You ain't gonna be in the store like, I wonder if I'm a crackhead. Well, let me just grab one of these and I'm gonna go find out. This lady outside of CVS stopped me and was like, excuse me, miss. Do you have an extra dollar?  Like, I was in there counting my money like 19, 20, 21, 21.  Where this extra dollar come from? I don't even want this one. Hey, you want it? I hate when those extra dollars be getting all in my way. Making my wallet too tight. I broke this hell, man. I ain't got money to just be giving away to people. This homeless guy was outside shaking a couple of chains in my face. I was like, show off. I'm so broke, I'll window shop at the supermarket. They're like, excuse me, miss. Can I help you find something? No thanks. I'm just looking. I'm so broke when people come over my house. I make the food nasty on purpose so it'll last longer. They be nasty or mad slow. You have to be so broke you get jealous of people pets. Be like, that dog probably ate twice today. He ain't got no job. I'm not living in this nice neighborhood.  All right, let's get serious. Let me just ask you a question real quick.   Whoo! That is some freaky stuff. You'll be like, aw, ew. You ever seen an old baby? Look like somebody old Uncle Ernest. People try to say cute stuff about it. They be like, aw, I'm trying to use him as a weapon. They be like, see this baby? You could blind somebody with this. I'm Brooklyn. That's my time. Thank you so much. With anyone's baby? No, all the babies I know are cute.  I mean it. What's next for you? A lot of things. I do a lot of parodies. So you can check me out on YouTube at Brooklyn Jones Comedy. I just did an Iggy Azalea fancy parody, which is called Lazy. I also did a Beyonce drunken love parody, which is called Chunky Love. So you can check me out doing parodies and performing all around the city. I'm so lazy. Lazy? Yeah. You already know. Stay tuned for more Every Way Woman when we come back. Thank you so much for being here. Thank you. Thank you.


If your Nvidia graphics card not deducted in the device manager on Windows 10, in this video we will show you three different ways to fix Nvidia graphics card not showing in device manager. Method 1, show hidden devices. Go to Windows search, type device manager and click on it. Now click on view tab, choose show hidden devices. Now under system devices or other devices if you see any devices with PCI in the name and if there is a yellow error triangle in it just right click on the device and select uninstall from the context menu. After uninstall restart your computer then Windows will reinstall the driver automatically. Method 2, update Nvidia graphics driver. If the first method doesn't work for you update your driver to the latest version. You can do that by going to Nvidia's official website but if you don't have time and patience to update drivers manually you can do it automatically with advanced driver updater. Download and install the software on your Windows computer. You can also use the link given in the description box below. Once launched click on start scan now button. It will show you a list of all the outdated drivers. You can either just update your Nvidia graphics driver or click on update all to update all the outdated drivers in one click. Now go and check your problem should be fixed. Method 3, reset bios to default. For going to bios restart your computer, keep pressing bios keys to enter bios. Different laptop manufacturers have different keys. You can find the different bios keys in the description box below. After entering bios, press arrow key on your keyboard to navigate to the setup option. Then press F9 key for setup defaults. Select yes. After that hit the F10 key for save and exit. Now check your Nvidia graphics card will be showing up again. Hope now your Nvidia graphics card not showing in device manager problem should be fixed. If you have any questions related to this please feel free to ask them in the comment section below. Also don't forget to like share and subscribe for more.