Thanks guys, thanks for having me here this year was in LA last year. You'll hear from the funny sounding voice that I'm from New Zealand, not Australia contrary to popular belief. Best way to push my buttons is to tell what I am from Australia. … Now I've got to try and cram a lot of information into 20 minutes and kiwis and notorious for being fast speakers anyway. Just read the slides, so it'd be like subtitles through there. So, atho, it's just going to seem like an episode of Flight of the Concords for you guys. All right, so I'm going to talk to you guys about endurance sport and applying some of the ancestral health or paleo type principles to training endurance athletes. Part of the reason why I've got an interest in endurance athletes is, I guess, a similar reason as to why I was talking about corporate health last year. Within corporate health we've all got jobs and that's where we spend a vast majority of our time, that's where a lot of people are. We want to try and reach out towards a lot of the population and get them to buy in some of the ancestral health stuff. We need to go where the people are. On the sporting side of it we've got a large number of people going into endurance sport. So, if we look at the likes of cycling, cycling is being pitched as the new golf and I will say, while I'm going to talk about endurance sport, I'll refer mostly because my own spandex fetish and justifying that I am a cyclist, so I'll talk about cycling a whole lot. So, we need to look at cycling where it's referred to as the new golf. We've got triathlon which is drawing a large number of people in. All of these sports have got a very, very large number of masters athletes going into them. So, they're the 30 plus, 40 plus athletes going in. These are also the same people who are very, very concerned about their own health and a lot of the time they're going into those endurance sports as a means to do something about their health. So, that will be their initial entry point, I guess. They'll decide that they're a little bit out of shape, they need to get healthier, they need to drop some body fat or whatever and so they'll go and buy themselves a bike and they might sort of start recreationally and eventually someone will try and coax them into doing a local race and then they'll get bitten by the bug and then they're in trying to go on to the elite level. Now, I've got down the bottom a timecode there. Now, if we're going to talk about endurance sport from a physiological standpoint, we're talking about anything that lasts longer than about 40 to 60 seconds in terms of the energy systems being used. That opens up a huge range of sports that we can apply some of this endurance template work to. So, that's anything from our classic endurance sports, so things like our cycling, our running, swimming, rowing, those sorts of events, right down to maybe even some of the CrossFit Games types of events. They'll certainly exceed that timecode there. So, we're talking about a huge number of sports that people are engaging in. Now, we've got this situation at the moment where we've got a case of paleo-primal versus the mammals. Now, for those who are unfamiliar with it, mammals is middle-aged men in Lycra, of which I'm probably of one of those. And perhaps we've got competing demographics going on. So, again, we've got these people who are engaging in these sorts of sports primarily for their health. Obviously, the whole paleo-primal thing is about improving people's health first and foremost. But there's some of these perceptions and misconceptions around what paleo-primal lifestyles are versus what's actually required to be successful in some of these endurance sports. So, many of these people will believe that a paleo diet is a very, very low-carb diet, and that's incompatible with endurance sport. That it's all about just doing high-intensity intervals or getting big and buff in the gym, and that's not what endurance athletes are about. And it's not helped by the fact that we often see some of the popular magazines that go with these sports, like The Runner's World, the bicycling magazine, that do reviews on the paleo diet and say that it's not compatible with endurance sport because it's too low-carbohydrate and so on and so forth. So, perhaps when someone's just laid out $15,000 on a new bike and they go and look at the paleo diet and say, well, that doesn't really support my cycling. Therefore, I'm not going to do it. I'm going to stick with the conventional wisdom as far as the dietary side of things are concerned. So, can we do something about that? How are we marketing things? How are we broadcasting our message out to some of these sort of non-paleo, non-primal types? Are we using the psychological inference? And the psychological inference basically says that cavemen, our ancestors, were athletes in their own right. They had to be just as part of their daily survival. If we were to go and stick those athlete cavemen on a bike, in a boat, in a swimming pool, they will excel at it. Is that necessarily the case? Is that an illogical inference? Can we just mimic what they do in terms of their lifestyle and we're all suddenly elite athletes? I don't think that's the case because there is no ancestral or evolutionary precedent for the likes of cycling and rowing and those sorts of things. We're very, very novel from an evolutionary standpoint. So, should we be guided by our ancestry, that illogical inference? Or should we be guided by the sport science when it comes to training these athletes? And hopefully I'll show you which way we'll go. When we look at the goals of endurance training and I'll just split it out into two camps because there does seem to be two different approaches at the moment. Three main goals is to improve your economy. Now, your economy is the oxygen cost of your movement. So the idea for an endurance athlete would be to move as rapidly as they can at the lowest possible oxygen cost so that they've got a good economy. We talk about their fuel efficiency.  We know that our glycogen stores are relatively limited and we can chew through them in a very rapid pace when we're engaging in some of these sports. The more heavily we can rely on the fat side of things, the longer we can go. And there's a degree of robustness required. So when you are someone who's built to walk on two legs and stand upright, suddenly cramping yourself into a rowboat or on a bike puts a whole lot of strain on the body that it's not designed to take. So we need a degree of robustness in order to cope with that. When we look at a couple of the approaches there, so the popular or conventional approach for economy, so decreasing our oxygen cost, most people will train at their anaerobic threshold or their lactate threshold. So these are the classic cyclists who step out the door and they just ride on the limit right from the get-go. So they're pushing themselves as hard as they can at their high sustainable pace. Our paleo-primal approach, we seem to have emphasised the high-intensity interval training side of things. So that is to go out and work within short bursts and we will talk about the overlap if we work in these short bursts of high-intensity intervals. We actually gain some of the benefits that we might have done if we'd engaged in chronic cardio. From the fuel efficiency side of things, conventional approach is very much based around a high-carbohydrate diet, so trying to maximise our glycogen stores if we can supercompensate them, top them up as high as we can, then we can last a little bit longer without our sport. The paleo-primal approach tends to be at the lower carbohydrate end of the scale. And as far as dealing with robustness, most endurance athletes will tend to emphasise the stretching component, the flexibility component, overdoing any sort of strength work and within the paleo-primal fields. We probably tend to err on the side of the strengthening of the stretching side of things. So what's been our contemporary research focus for the last few years? Very interesting that lots of different approaches coming out. With regard to addressing the economy, there's an approach called polarised training and I'll go through each one of these individually. Fuel efficiency, we're starting to look at this method called train low-race high. And robustness, we're starting to talk more and more about building strength before applying power within endurance sports. So we look at the polarised training first. So polarised training is very much based around training at either end of an intensity scale and cutting that middle ground out. So that classic chronic cardio, sitting at your highest aerobic pace, we're trying to cut that out as much as we can. So we're either training at a very, very high, so these are a classic high-intensity interval approach, or training at a very, very low intensity overall. It's interesting when you go through the research papers to see which side of that scale the bias lies on. Now, if you read within the paleo-primal circles, you would read probably predominantly about the high-intensity interval training side of things. But when you look at it from a research standpoint and looking at elite athletes, we can see that the vast majority of the volume is concentrated towards the low-intensity end of the scale. So right across the board, across different modes, so skiers, cyclists, runners, rowers, very, very low intensity volumes make up the bulk of their training overall. There's a saying within cycling circles that every rider's a race. So novice and recreational athletes tend to perceive elite athletes as people who train on the limit all the time, for the most part. They might know that they have the odd recovery day here and there, but perceive that when they go out and train, they train hard. And so when these novice and recreational athletes try and mimic those people, they try and do exactly the same. And often they will skip the recovery days or the easy days in order to focus on what they think is going to give them the biggest payback. And so every ride, run, swim becomes a race. And you classically see this with, you know, two cyclists next to each other, two guys and a rowing machine and a gym. They'll just try and beat each other up all the way through. And they're always constantly pushing themselves up towards that anaerobic threshold. Again, when we go through the research and have a look at it, it's interesting that the Olympics is just about to finish. When we look at Olympic endurance events, even though they compete at those very, very high intensities, the bulk of their training is done well below lactate threshold intensity. And possibly up to about 80% of that training overall is done well below that lactate threshold intensity. So it's all kind of sitting there within the research when you go and pull it out. What about applying this to non-elites? Does it still hold up? Well, if we look at some of the papers, they're starting to question whether or not this current interval training phase is well suited to non-elites. So the takeaway from that is that if you're an endurance athlete, you should be looking at probably no less in about three quarters of a training overall with only about 10% to 15% at their top end. And that's not very much. So when you consider that as a non-elite athlete, you might only have five or six hours up your sleeve for the week. 10% of that isn't going to be very much in terms of your overall interval work. So you need to make it count. Now in terms of that, what's considered very low intensity, I've heard one cycling coach refer to it as guilt-producingly easy. And it's a very, very difficult thing to get your head around it. I spent pretty much most of my summer trying to do this training. And it's very, very hard to sit up on the bike and just turn the pedals over without getting sucked into racing, without going, the legs feel fine today, I'm going to race, I've got the wind behind me, I'm going to race. You've got to try and switch off from that. It's a lot harder to train to the low intensity at that very, very low intensity than it is to go out and do your interval work. It is if you do go and do that. Your training tends to look something like that. So... Train low, race high. What we're looking at is manipulating our glycogen stores to try and improve our fuel efficiency. Now there's been quite a few different approaches to doing this, so classically we've used the long slow distance training so that's go out for three, four hours at a time at a relatively low pace. There's things called twice daily training where you'll do a session in the morning, two or three hours off, and within that two or three hours you barely eat anything, and then you'll go out and do another session a little bit later on. You can do your faster training and we've looked at the high fat diets. When you look at the common ground across all of those is they all induce a low glycogen state within the person. And that low glycogen state tends to increase the cellular signal. So as far as training adaptation goes what we're trying to do is get our gene expression, we get our protein synthesis and we get our training adaptation. Most people think training training adaptation they don't understand or they don't know the middle ground in between. Or they think about it in terms of gross anatomical or physiological things so things like my legs are getting stronger my lungs are getting more efficient my heart's getting more efficient they don't tend to think about it from a cellular level. One of the key areas that's been looked at is the AMPK signal. AMPK signals the energy status of each one of your individual cells. When you're engaging in low engaging in endurance training with a low glycogen state that's going to send a pretty strong signal that the energy status is quite low and that sort of ramps up that training adaptation. Interestingly carbohydrate consumed before during training decreases that AMPK activation. And so the common approach of carboloading before you go out for training or making sure you've got your gels and drinks on the bike or you run or whatever it looks like that approach that's of common wisdom that we have actually switches off the AMPK signal and ends up blunting our adaptation. So what we're looking at now is encouraging people to go out in almost of an empty fuel tank state. So they're going out with their fuel light on.  And so because every rides a race, every runs a race every time you go out you want to set a PB or a PR it's a very very difficult mindset to get into because you do go out and you feel flat as a pancake some days. But maybe within that your training going out and being pretty flat and staying at that low end is exactly what you need in order to increase your adaptation. So again if we go through some of the research around it looks like this that ramping up our carbohydrate drinks and those sorts of things actually blunts that training stimulus and limits our adaptation. There's a saying that I use with some of the people that I work with that training is not racing. And so that some of the things that we do while we're training is not about mimicking the race and you can equally apply that I guess to some of the things that we do within the field of weightlifting, non-endurance events as well.  You have to deconstruct some of those things work on the different elements and then bolt it back together again and we do that within endurance works and again some of the things that we do within training won't necessarily lend themselves to racing at the time. I'll finish up with the strength before power side of things. Endurance athletes typically are afraid of the gym they won't go near them cyclists in particular because they're so afraid of putting on weight and muscle mass and think it'll count against them. And there's numerous benefits to that but one of the things that they tend to be most afraid of is that they'll lose flexibility. A lot of these guys struggle to kind of sit themselves on bikes particularly the middle aged guys they're coming in with tight backs and tight hips and those sorts of things so they're worried if they do more strength training get all muscle bound they won't be able to do their sport particularly well. They're worried that they'll lose their cardiovascular adaptation and so any time that they spend off the bike, off the trails out of the boat is time that's not actually making them go faster. But again does the research support that? No because we can go through and we can see that a well constructed strength training programme will improve your flexibility as much as static stretching if not better. So you can kind of kill two birds with one stone if we look at the cardiovascular side of it at an actual metabolic and molecular level there's really not a lot of difference between the adaptations that you would get from a strength training programme suited to endurance athletes and actually time on the bike. So for the minimum amount of time that they're going to spend in the gym they're not going to lose a lot of adaptation overall. So how do we bolt all of these things together? So it looks like low intensity training and technical mastery dominates. Now when you're looking at improving your technique and improving your skills you're better off doing it while you're under low load in that low intensity side of things. Again within the cycling field that I'm involved in we see lots of guys come in and they just want to ride fast, they buy the fast wheels, they get the fast kit but they don't know how to handle the bike and you stick them in a middle of a large bunch in their reliability both to themselves and to 50 other riders around them. So use that low intensity work to hone your technical side of things. It's very beneficial and the high intensity training is very deliberate so you go out with one or two sessions in mind per week and you go out and you really nail it and it's right at that top end. And we try and do this against a backdrop of training in a lowered glycogen state. Let's not say that you would race in that state you would not go on the start line with your fuel tank empty. It'd be fully topped up so that's that race high but during training you can train down that low end of the glycogen scale. We've seen this before and we've been exposed to it for a few years now and I can see Mark standing up the back so he'll recognise this slide. We've been promoting this for a wee while within the Paleo Primal Circle so this is from Mark's Daily Apple so building our base around that slow movement side of things, adding in the lift heavy things, adding the strength work and then topping it off with our high intensity work overall. So when we look at the sport science side of things and come back and answer this question to the athletes, yes we can and we can do it from the standpoint that the sport science where it's currently heading is it's heading towards us it's heading towards the field that we've known about for the last of two or three years and we've been starting to apply amongst ourselves but we're not doing it from a standpoint of just a nice little story that says cavemen were fit therefore they're going to be fit on the bike we're well supported by the science. That's me done. So would you also recommend going into a high intensity interval training with a glycogen depleted state? You can do generally it will depend on how big that session is going to be. If it's a very intensive short duration session you could get away with it. So what we're not saying is that you spend all of your time in a low glycogen state we're not advocating low carbohydrate diet. You can be low glycogen but still be having a high carbohydrate diet overall. So that high intensity interval training session yep you'll do it. It's 20 to 40 minutes in length overall that's not going to put a major drain on your tank. You wouldn't go out and do a 90 minutes interval training session and at a low glycogen state it would be too much stress. But you can do it. That's it. Another question? What's your view of doing the training in the low glycogen state no carbs but then on the race day adding back some carbohydrate or carboloning the day before just for the race? It's relatively easy to do. One of the problems that's starting to come through is that when you're on a relatively low carbohydrate diet overall when I talk about that in a paleo-primal context if you were to spend most of your time with that sort of diet and then suddenly turn up on the start line and start packing away the gels and the sports drinks there is a degree of gastrointestinal distress that will go with that because the fructose loading within some of those gels and drinks is very very high your body is suddenly not used to it. So there is, you may have to train yourself to handle some of those and particularly they talk about ultramarathoners ultra endurance athletes having to train their gut to handle that fructose loading again but there's not really too much of a problem with doing it through starches and glucose and those sorts of fuels. What do you actually recommend then for the race day? For race day ramp up your starches so within 24-48 hours out from race day really lift your starches up probably drop your fat take down to maximise that reloading race day you can come up with glucose solutions and glucose based gels bananas dates all those sorts of easy fuels but you'd go through periods where you'd trial those within your training you wouldn't try something new on the start line


Ranger Bill, Warrior of the Woodland, struggling against extreme odds, traveling dangerous trails, fighting the many enemies of nature. This is the job of the Guardian of the Forest, Ranger Bill, pouring rain, freezing cold, blistering heat, snow, floods, bears, rattlesnakes, mountain lions. Yes, all this in exchange for the satisfaction and pride of a job well done. There are two schools of thought on how to handle the teenage gang problem. One group says, use the strong arm of the law. The other group maintains that the Christian approach is best. We'll find out which works best in Naughty Pine, where there are two gangs of teenage lads who are waging war on each other. Here's the story, Mrs. Cain Wins a War. Let's go to the back of Mrs. Cain's large home on the outskirts of Naughty Pine. This lady's house is on the front of a 10-acre plot of ground. The back area is covered with trees, rocks, bushes and darkness. For some strange reason, the two teenage gangs have picked this area to wage their frequent battles. Right now, another fight is in the making as the two gangs of boys creep toward each other across the back of Mrs. Cain's property. The moon is up and the snow on the ground makes the battleground pretty well illuminated. Art and Phil of the river gang take the lead as they advance against the hill mob. Hey, I can see the hill gang now, Phil. Yeah, Moose is leading the way. Let's set a trap for them, Art. Okay, what do we do? We'll get alongside the back of Mrs. Cain's chicken house. When Moose and the rest of the guys pass by, we'll jump them from the rear. Yeah, that should work, Keen. Let's keep going. Hey, you guys, follow us. Here they come. Let them walk by and then we'll jump them. Pass the word, you guys. Don't jump till we tell you. Here they are. Quiet now. I wonder where that river gang is.  I think Mrs. Cain called us when she first saw the kids. And they're battling each other's ears off back there. Well, Rock, take your men and cut around behind them. Okay, Cal, we're going on the double. The rest of you men come with me. You've got to stop this before somebody gets seriously hurt or even killed. Get them again. Let's quiet down or I'll take you all in. Hey, you stop squirming around like a worm on a fish hook and behave. Make them behave, O'Rourke. Don't you be worrying about that, Cal. I've got five of me old, just like these scallowheads. I know how to make them tow them, O'Rourke. I'm not going to ask you tough guys what you're doing because you'll only double talk me to death. But listen and listen hard. I'm running out of patience and the next time this happens, you're going to jail. Next time I start biting instead of barking. Hey, you guys, pipe down. We ain't going to let the cops scare us, are we, fellas? Yeah, no, not all late either. She's the one that turned us in, Shari Shoten. Well, get even with old Mrs. Cain for calling the cops. Let's do it the same time we get the Hill Gang. Yeah, how about tomorrow night? Keep it under your hat before the cops won't find out. I'll challenge Moose in school tomorrow. If the Hill Gang ain't turned yellow by now, they might show up.  Is that right? What about the cops? What's the matter, Moose? Don't tell me you're chicken. Don't you call me a chicken, Phil. I'll clean up the hall with you right now. Yeah, you and what army? Don't forget there's two of us. That's right.  You'll be there tonight and I'll show you who's yelling.  We're going to take care of that old lady two at the same time we take care of you guys. I see the time I wasn't. Come on in, Jack. Grab a chair. Peace and quiet at last. I'm glad I'm not a school teacher, Jack. My job's a pushover compared to yours. Oh, it's not that bad. This has been one of those days when it would have been better to have stayed in bed. And so? What's wrong? Well, I don't know exactly. I heard rumors that the hill and the river gangs might battle it out soon on the back of Mrs. Cain's property. Oh. Those young fellas aren't going to be satisfied until somebody gets seriously hurt. And they'll be in trouble. Be able to find out when this scrap is going to take place? No. No, I wasn't. I only overheard snatches of conversation and a few disconnected remarks here and there. But adding them up, they spell trouble. There's a lot of bad blood running between those two gangs. So far, we've been able to keep it from spilling over inside of school. Yeah, I know. You and the rest of the teachers have done a fine job of keeping the warring tribes under control during school hours. Bill, I must be on my way. Exams come up tomorrow, and I have a lot of work to do. I surely wish you could do something to put an end to this nonsense before those lads live a lifetime of regret. I'll have a talk with Cal. Perhaps he knows more about this. Well, do whatever you think best. I came to you because you seem to have a knack for working these problems out for everybody's good. Thanks for your confidence. I'll follow this through and see what can be done with the young fellas. Thanks, Bill. Let me know how things turn out. If I can help, just tell me what to do. I'll do that, Jack. Bye. Bill, wait a minute. What is it, Jack? Well, there's one thing I forgot to mention. Oh, what? I also have good reason to believe that the lads may take revenge on Mrs. Cain for calling the police. That is, they seem to think she did. I'm glad you told me that. This makes a voice of another color. I'll get the sheriff on it right away. That's as much as I can tell you, Cal. I don't imagine it's much help. It sure is, Bill. My men and I broke up their fight last night. I sure would give $10 to know when the next one's coming off. Yeah, I can imagine. Bill, I'd appreciate your help. You have a great knack for coming up with the answer to this sort of thing. How about it? Well, I'd be glad to help, Cal. I think we ought to go out and see Mrs. Cain and tell her of the possible danger she's in. Oh, that's good for a starter. That's good going. Time's running out. You know, it's a young, tough, threatening revenge on a nice, elderly lady. Now, gentlemen, I appreciate your concern for me, but really, I can take care of myself. I wish I were sure of that, Mrs. Cain. I'd be glad to station a couple of men out here until this blows over. You'd better listen to him, ma'am. Those lads get pretty rough. I'm listening, Bill, but I'm not going to pay any heed to the sheriff. I think he's an old worry wart. Now, Mrs. Cain, it'll be too late for me to protect you and your property after something happens. Now, please, please listen to reason. Sheriff, what those young men need is love and attention. Why, I've even thought of inviting them in for tea and cookies. You what? You heard me, Calvin. You aren't deaf. I've raised boys of my own, you know.  I called you because I didn't want them to hurt each other. But, but, Mrs. Cain, I...  You just march right out of here and take care of enforcing the law. I'll take care of those young lads. You see when I show you that I'm right. All right, Mrs. Cain, you win. But don't say I didn't warn you if anything happens. Let's go, Bill. Right. Good day, Mrs. Cain. Goodbye, Mrs. Cain. I hope you'll be safe. You kind of took a beating, old boy. What do you mean, you? I didn't see you making any home runs or even stealing third base. Right. But at least I admit it.  Perhaps we're bucking up the wrong tree. I hope so, Bill. She's a fine lady I hate to see her get hurt. I don't see the law around you, Phil. No, they're not around. Tub and lefty have been watching since after supper. They haven't seen hiding her hair or the cops. It's safe. Good. Let's get over to the chicken house and fix those windows. We'll show that old lady she can't rat on us and get away with it. Yeah. Pick up rocks on the way. We gotta hurry before Moose and his gang get to the joint first. I don't see the Hill gang. We got plenty of time to take care of those windows. Yeah. Send a couple of the guys to take care of the house windows. Not all of them. Just a couple of small ones. We got to scare this whole lady good. Hey, Tub. Lefty. Go take care of the house. Just a couple of small windows. Okay, you guys. This is far enough.  Let them go. Make it good. Hey, the river rats beat us to it. Let's get them. Use your rocks on them. What are you stopping for? We gotta get out of here. Bill, we can't leave Mrs. Cain lying on the ground. Why not? If we go back there, we'll be in real trouble. You mean we'll be in a lot more trouble if we don't? She might be hurt bad. We can't just leave her there. Yeah, I guess you're right. Let's go back. There she is on the ground. She must be hurt bad if he's still laying there. She's been hit on the head with a rock. Yeah, and she's bleeding.  Tell him to get a doctor. A sheriff? Yeah, I ain't afraid of him. Hurry up. If this old lady dies, we'll be in more trouble and we know what to do with. It's Mrs. Cain lying on the ground. Take a look at her, Doc. You two lads stay right where you are. Keep an eye on her, Rourke. Sure, they won't be getting away from Rourke. Is she hurt bad, Doc? I don't know yet, son. Let's get her into the house before she freezes to death. That's Bill. Let's wait a minute and then we can use a three-man lift. I want her Rourke free so these two tufts don't get away. You warned Mrs. Cain that she might get hurt. Now you smart Alex will pay for this. How do you feel now, Mrs. Cain? I feel fine, Doctor. My head aches a little, but outside of that, I feel all right. Yeah, that's good news, Mrs. Cain. I've got two of the hoodlums right here. I'll lock them up and then get the rest and haul them in too. You'll do no such thing, Calvin. We didn't hit you on purpose, Mrs. Cain. You must have walked into the rock. Yeah, we didn't know who threw the rock that hit you. Believe me, we didn't mean to hurt you. We know that you plan to get even with Mrs. Cain. Yeah, but all we were gonna do is break some windows, not hurt her. I don't believe your story. I'm taking you two tough guys in just the same. You can tell your story to the judge. Don't you dare do that, Sheriff. I'll not press charges and you look awfully foolish trying to hold these boys without a charge. Besides, Art and Phil are the only ones who stayed to help me. Certainly that means that they're not all bad. Well, I didn't know about that. She has a strong point, Cal. If she won't press charges, you'll be up a tree. Well, all right, I'll bide my time, but I'll get them sooner or later. Mrs. Cain, why do you refuse to press charges against these lads? They and their gang have committed assault and battery. Bill, do you see the pictures on the mantle? Yes, ma'am, I do. The older man is my husband, the two younger men are my sons. My husband died after World War I because of his wounds and also from the effects of gas. My sons were killed in World War II. Gentlemen, the men in my family died because of violence and fighting. Perhaps they'd be alive today if the world had more love and kindness in it. You're right there, Mrs. Cain. I'm sorry to hear about your husband and sons, but what's this got to do with these lads? Bill, will you hand me my Bible, please? Be glad to, Mrs. Cain. Thank you. The Beatitudes tells what I mean. Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy. Blessed are the pure and hard, for they shall see God. Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called the children of God. Blessed are ye when men shall revile you and persecute you, and shall say all manner of evil against you falsely for my sake. Let your lights so shine before men that they may see your good works and glorify your Father which is in heaven. Gentlemen, this is my plan for showing these lads where they should walk. Our Lord is the very essence of love and kindness. He came to bring joy and peace and love to all men. What these two young men need is some of the very things the Lord brought into this world. Let me try the Lord's way with these young men. I know it'll work. I see your point, Mrs. Cain, and it's well taken. I'll admit I'm a tough cop, but I guess I have a heart that beats under this badge. Mrs. Cain, thanks. We won't forget this. That's right, ma'am. We'll talk to the other guys and tell them to lay off. You've been very kind to us. Thank you. I've never seen such a change come over anybody, as what's come over these two lads. Hey, Carolyn, that's a miracle you're watching. When a person radiates love like Mrs. Cain does, some of it's bound to be rubbing off on those who stick around. So now you know the whole story, guys. I say we ought to lay off fighting and leave Mrs. Cain alone. Yeah, I say that too. And anybody that doesn't agree will get a mouthful of floating molars. Mrs. Cain is a fine old lady. You say that none of us is in trouble, Phil? That's right. Mrs. Cain even talked the sheriff out of taking us in. I think we should tell Moose and his gang to lay off, too. And no more fighting on Mrs. Cain's property. I'll tell Moose and his bunch in school tomorrow. If he don't like it, we'll make him.    Yeah, and who's gonna make me? I still gotta get even for that old lady calling the cops. Yeah, you just try it and see what happens.  That's what you think. We'll be watching Mrs. Cain's place.  Ha! You guys are turning chicken. You wouldn't start anything because you'd be in the doghouse with that old lady. But you're gonna be sure we're gonna get even. You'll get even, all right. Even with the top of the ground. Stay away, Moose. I'm warning you. Stay away. You guys be quiet, so Mrs. Cain doesn't know we're out here. She might be worried if she finds out why we're here. Okay, Art. I'll pass the word. I don't see any signs of the hill gang yet. We'd better not see them. But Moose isn't chicken either. Yeah, I know. But he'll wish he was so he can fly out of here if he tries to hurt Mrs. Cain. Shh! Here they come, through the trees. Where? I see them. To your left, Art. Oh, yeah. So Moose can't take advice. Let's go after them and catch them way out back. Yeah, come on. Let's move out. Hey, hey, the cops! Let's get out of here! Hold it! That ain't the cops. It's an ambulance. Listen to the siren. It's different. You're right. Come on, let's find out what's going on. Hey, it's Mrs. Cain and she's out like a light! What's wrong with her, Doc? I'm not sure yet. It looks like a brain hemorrhage.  I'm not sure, son. But the blow from the rock could cause this. We're all set, Doc. Let's go. Yeah, come on. Take it into the hospital. We'll pipe down you guys. What's the matter with the old lady? Yeah. What do you care, Moose? She's bleeding inside her head. Yeah, from the sock on the noggin she got from the rock.  We ain't no Doc, but if she does, you guys are in as deep as we are. We'd better go over to the hospital and see how she makes out. I ain't going to no hospital. We can't help the Doc now. No, no, but we could show that we want her to get better. Not me. I'm lammin' out of here. You're yellow, Moose. You're as yellow as a banana. Oh, yeah. I'll show you guys. Come on, gang. Let's go to the hospital. Hello? Bill Jefferson? Bill, this is Cal. Oh, yes, Cal. What's up? I'll be right over. See you at the hospital.  I'll be sitting right here by the door. Bill, what's going to happen to us if she dies? We didn't do it on purpose. How are we going to find out who's to blame? We all have to go to jail. When are we going to know whether she's going to pull through? Oh, there, fellas. One question at a time. If Mrs. Cain dies, the sheriff will arrest all of you, and then it'll be up to the judge to decide the outcome. I know you fellas didn't do this on purpose, but you'll have to admit that you were warned by the sheriff and told to stop your fights. I've asked the doctor to tell us one way or the other what's happened. How are we going to stay here with nothing to do? The operation might take hours and hours. I'm sure it won't take longer than four hours, Art. Four hours? Man, alive. That's a long time. What do we do? All of you fellas have gone to church or Sunday school at one time or another, haven't you? Yeah, sure. What's that got to do with this? You fellas can help Mrs. Cain by praying. And while you pray, you can ask the Lord to save you from your sins and make clean cut lads out of you. How long has it been since Docs started operating? Half an hour. Boy, it seems like half a day. Never believe it if I didn't see it. Who would ever think these rough necks could pray like they've been doing? Perhaps we're seeing a miracle, Cal. This is the only way the Lord could get them to hold still long enough to deal with them. They've been here for two and a half hours. We've been waiting for three and a half hours now. How much longer is it gonna take? I don't know. I think we lost. Maybe all the praying we did ain't no good. Yeah, maybe it's because we ain't been the right kind of guys. Hey, it's a Doc! Hey, Doc! Hey, how's it going? What's the word, Doc? How's it gonna be, Doc? You can go home, fellas. Mrs. Cain's gonna be all right. It's so nice of you two to escort me home, gentlemen. We're glad to do it, Mrs. Cain. My mother's got the house already. She's gonna stay with you until you're on your feet again. Oh, how nice. Oh, my, the place looks different. In what respect, Mrs. Cain? Why, the walks are shoveled and the farward step. My, the whole place looks neat and clean. Now, who went all the trouble to do this for me? Come on! We just want you to show you that we think you're wonderful, Mrs. Cain. We're sure glad you're coming home from the hospital for good. Well, isn't this nice? These are the lads who fixed up around here, Mrs. Cain. Well, thank you so much. It looks fine, but what are you doing all this for? Because you did so much for us, Mrs. Cain. You were kind to us when we should have been punished. You spoke nice to us when we should have been yelled at. Yes, ma'am. We've talked with Moose and his gang and we've decided to quit fighting and join gangs so we can do good. Help folks, just like you helped us. Praise the Lord. And now a bite of faith, hope and love. These three. But the greatest of these is love. Boys and girls, I don't think that there's anything I can say that will add to Mrs. Cain's quotation from the Bible. We'll see you next week for more adventure with... RANGER! Our program today gives me Ranger Bill just a little time to talk to you moms and dads about our adventure stories and why we're on the air. We all know that every time a boy or girl listens to one of our programs, he gets some impression of the Christian life and the character of the people involved. So we must be constantly alert to guard the image that's presented, to make it realistic and truthful, neither setting up faults, ivory tower heroes, for fellas and gals to aspire to, or creating the impression that Christianity is an impossible goal in this day and age. We also try to present Christians as people, something which they are. The faults of a Christian don't have to be glossed over. He's human too. So we try to present to you, the listener, a story that from your point of view is a factual photograph of a way of life, namely the Christian way, and showing individuals living, seeing, understanding this way of life, or maybe missing it completely. Let's all be honest before God so that truth can survive and our young people will turn out to be the good citizens and real Christians that we want them to be.


When you're able to move with six degrees of freedom and look at all directions, oftentimes the things that you need to pay attention to are off-screen, so way-finding becomes crucial. This example from Supernatural has some really great examples of various forms of way-finding. The objects you hit are shaped in the direction that you should hit them. The motion trails indicate which way you should move your hand controls, and the arrows coming off the objects help direct you to things off-screen. Even the triangles indicate a shape you should move your body into, and all of the UI elements are designed to fit very naturally into the overall experience.


Well it's using some satellite data but it's mainly using remote sensing techniques but on the ground like ground penetrating radar for example or ground based magnetic surveys. Now the same types of studies can be done from space but we do them on the ground on very small areas and in a very explicitly defined area where it's more or less like mowing the lawn. You put down your corner points of your grid and these are areas where you want to understand what's beneath the surface to see if those areas would be of interest to be excavated subsequently.


Alrighty, so let's continue on with the branches here. And what I'm gonna do is show you what I did for the low poly version of the tree. So what we saw in the intro there. And what I'm going to do after that is show you how to then place actual tree cards onto this as well. Because then it becomes more of what we do in traditional games where you have a little bit more realistic trees. All right, so first things first, what I wanna do here is go into the branch here. And I wanna do the same thing that we did for the trunk. I wanna give it a little bit of noise, but I want it to ignore the root point there, the first point. So let's go and create some random normals first. So we're gonna use that attribute randomize here. Okay, like so. And I'm gonna apply that to the normal. So N is the attribute. And we want negative one, negative one, negative one for that. Let's take a look. So now we have some random normals. Very cool. All right, so then what we wanna do is we want to mask it out. All right, so let's go and drop down an attribute wrangle node here. So attribute wrangle, like so. And I'm gonna use my preset to create the gradient. Okay, but in this case, I don't need it to be an attribute. I just want it to be a local variable. So I'm gonna get rid of the at symbol and just declare it as a float. That makes it a local variable. It's local to this node right here. And what I wanna do is just multiply. So at N, so we're gonna do a times equals to multiply the normal by the gradient. Like so. That makes sure that it is tiny right there. Or there's no normal there and then the normals get bigger and bigger. Okay, so let's go and drop down the mountain node. And there we go. So now we can make the noise a little bit bigger, maybe the offset a little bit less. So just add some noise to it, you know? Just a little bit more realism there. Okay, so what we wanna do now is just rewire that up. All right, so let's do that. Now let's take a look at the final result there. Yeah, so that makes it just feel a little bit better. You know? Cool. All right, so what we wanna do now is we want to go and create a sphere. Let's create a sphere here. All right, so this is what I did for the little polytrees. Now you can use whatever shape that you want. I'm just gonna show how I use the sphere here. And we're gonna go and create a polygon mesh and I'm gonna place it on the z-axis. And the reason why I'm doing that again is because when we use the copy to points, the z-axis is the forward pointing direction. All right, so I always keep your stuff pointing forward in the z-direction and it'll copy to the points appropriately based off the normal direction. Okay, so with that, what we can do, right here where we have this polyframe, let's take a look here. Okay, turn on our points and our normals. All right, and what I do want is to have my normals facing in the correct direction. So again, I'm gonna drop down that point node, like so. Oops. Put that into the first input there and I'm gonna switch this over to normal and we'll just invert the normals on another way to invert those normals. Cool. Now what we wanna do is get the last point. So I'm gonna do a group by range. All right, we'll call this last point and the group name will be called lastpnd for lastpoint and we'll switch it over to a type of points that way we're selecting points. And then what I wanna do is just move the n slider up one. You'll notice that if we turn off our normals here, deselects that but I'm gonna invert it so then we get just the last point. And the reason why I'm doing that is because then I want to blast that point like so. All right, so we'll come down here and we'll select last point and we'll say delete non-selected and that gives us that point with the normal. So with that, what we can do is then do a copy of points like so and now we have our sphere attached to the point there. And you'll notice that it's pointing in the correct direction. It's pointing in the same direction as the normal's pointing and that's because we set it in the z-axis. All right, so let's make it a little bit lower poly here. That's gonna work out pretty good for us like so. You know what, at this point you can just go and start to change the shape of it a little bit. That's what I did. Another thing that we can do here is let me drop down a normal node down here just to give it normals again. All right, so you can do this there. We can do it here. All right, so if we do it there, what I wanna do is give it some point normals here like so and I'm gonna drop down a mountain node again. And this is just a quick way to add some noise. All right, we can change the height of that, change the noise type.  All righty, cool. So with that, we now have the sphere attached to the end of the actual branch up here. We have this branch that we were using. So let me actually do this right here like so. All right, so what we need to do now is we need to go and sweep a circle. So I'm gonna create a circle and this is gonna create the geometry for the branch itself. Okay, so I'm gonna create a sweep node. And this will be the backbone and this is our shape like so. And I always try to keep these guys organized appropriately. I am running out of space a little bit here. But I'll clean it up later. There we go. All right, so now we have that swept along the curve there and what we need to do now is I'm gonna make the circle a little bit smaller, less divisions, we don't need as much geometry for this. And I'm gonna turn on the auto closure. So everything's looking good there. Perfect. But what we need is the p-scale value. All right, so let's go and do that. So we're gonna do an attribute wrangle like so. And I'm gonna use my preset there to get the gradient. And again, I don't need, well actually, no, I don't need the attribute. It can be a local variable because what we're gonna do is we're gonna say at p-scale is equal to gradient like so. And that will create the taper effect, but we need to do a one minus. And there we go. And then we just control the overall scale of that with the actual uniform scale on the circle. Cool. Now you can drop down a normal here. Also, if you just wanna check out the final geometry. But what I usually do is just put a normal at the very end, all right? That way it just takes care of all the normals. But you can still keep that there. Just try to reduce the amount of nodes that I actually have. Okay, so what we need to do now is just merge these two together here like so. And then pump that into the final. And now we've got our rough looking tree stuff, the foliage, just kind of the rough volume of that tree foliage. It's a little big for sure. I just go through and I just, really, I just start messing around with a lot of the settings. We can change this overall scale here. Get something that looks kind of cool. You know, and change the type of shape as well. Mess around with the noise a little bit more. Maybe we change this to a perlin like that. Maybe make it just a little bit bigger. We can also go and drop down a transform node here. And if you go and translate it in the Z direction, you can see it could push it out a little bit more. We can pull it in a little bit more. We can rotate it. So you can all kind of point up a little bit. These are all values that you can go and expose. Cool. So the last thing that we really want to do here for the low polyversion, at least, this is the general idea here. I'll let you guys kind of take it from there. But what we want to do is I want to be able to group just the foliage area. So we'll call this foliage. And then turn that particular thing, that node on there and keep it on primitives and then just enable the base group. That way we can remove it by itself and then process it through some VDBs there. So let's do a group for the branches. So we'll say branches. All right. And again, just enable it. That way it just groups the whole branch, like so. Okay, so when we get to the bottom here, you can see that we have all the branches in there. And what we want to be able to do when we merge this here, so let's also create a group for the trunk. So we'll call this the trunk, like so. There we go. Okay. So now what I want to do is I want to do a blast and I'm going to remove just the foliage over here. So let's get the foliage and do a delete non-selected. Okay, and then I'm going to do a VDB from polygons. And this will merge it into that final mesh, like so. And you can see we're getting a cool like spiraling effect that's coming through from our spiral Vex. All right. And we can change the voxel size. This is a cool part about it. You can change the voxel size to get more definition or less definition. That really comes in handy with the low poly effect. Okay, so with that, once you've got it set up to where you like it, you can just do a convert VDB and we'll convert it to polygons. All right. And we can change that ISO value again to get even more of an effect. Let's get some more definition in there. And then I just want to do a poly reduce. And that's pretty much what I did for that low poly effect. Now, obviously you can go in there and start to create more detail or really fine tune the system. But this is the overall idea behind the whole low poly tree system. So I'm just going to do something like that. And if you want to equalize the lengths of these edges, you can go down to the equalized lengths. Just move it up a little bit. Though when you're doing the low poly modeling stuff, there's sometimes where you do want the long polygon. It catches the light nicely. Okay. So now that we've got all that, let's just do a blast. Let me copy this and we'll say delete non-selected there. And then let's just merge all this stuff together with a VDB. So I'm going to do a VDB from polygons, same process. And you'll notice that what happens is we don't get the branches in there. And let's take a look. Why? The reason why is because the branches are actually open ended. They have a hole at the end there. So a quick way to take care of this is to do a polyfill. Just do a polyfill like so and set it to single polygon. And that will cap any open holes and then the VDB will be able to work on it. So we need to actually reduce this down to like 0.05, maybe 0.01. There we go. So now we're starting to get that back. So we'll say 0.005. Cool. So that's looking pretty good. And it'll all be merged into one mesh. Something that I do like to do here is do a VDB smooth. Let's just smooth it all out so the transitions will be a lot better. All right, so you can keep doing the iterations there. And we can add more resolutions. So if we do 0.2, I'll just give us more, but you'll notice it takes a lot longer to process. So you have to be careful with that stuff. All right, so once you're happy, I'm just gonna do a convert VDB. All right, and set it to polygons. And then we'll do a poly reduce. So poly reduce. Now you can also go and reduce it but with the adaptivity to set this like 0.1. I'll at least make it a little bit better. You can see how it's all blended together now. And these guys actually need to be fixed. They need to be the proper size too. So I'll fix that in another video. But for now this works. I just wanted to show how I did the low poly stuff. So then I just kind of pull this down a lot. We really just want kind of the general impression. Down at 1% maybe. Yeah, that looks pretty good.  It's pretty good right there. All right, so with those two things settled, we can merge these together now, like so. And there we go, there you have it. That's what I did. All right, and if we go back and change the size of the sphere here, we get different looks by a little too small. The VDP is having a hard time getting it but you can start to get the idea really quickly how you can start to really design your low poly trees. All right, with that, let's go and give these some color and then I'll close out this video. And then the next video what we'll do is we'll talk about creating those actual tree cards. So let's just give this like a brown. All right, and I'll set this to primitive, that's fine. There we go. And I'll just call this the wood. And let's just copy it and paste it. All right, and this will be foliage like so. There we go. And then let's set this to face area and then just pull it all the way down and we now have low poly tree. All right, so in the next video, let's focus on creating the tree cards for this particular system. Because I do wanna show how you can actually take this almost all the way to a real tree system by setting up the cards. It's almost like how Unity does it inside of their tree creator and how Speedtree does it. It's really powerful. So I'm not saying it's a replacement for those at all because those systems are definitely very powerful, but if you want to learn how to make your own tree systems, then this is very, very useful. All right, so I'm gonna leave you guys there and in the next video, we're gonna talk about tree cards. Thanks so much.


Alright, so we're going to be deriving how to get this, which is the formula, I think, for the derivative of the inverse of function. So given a function f of x, what would be the derivative of its inverse?  Alright, so the way I was taught this in my calculus class was through implicit differentiation. Basically the x's and y's were flipped, then we used implicit differentiation. Now it wasn't really so much to show how to get that, but it was really more useful for how implicit differentiation worked. Alright, but this is a, but it required a lot of algebra. Well, not that much. It required algebra and it wasn't really all that intuitive. So today I'm going to show you a more intuitive manner that I found, that I came up with. And I always had this in my head and I decided I might as well just make a video about it now. So all you really need to know is how taking in versus work, what slopes, tangent lines and how the relationship to the derivative is, what the relationship to the derivative is. So I'm going to be explaining those really quickly. Let's first start off with taking in inverse. So let's say this is an xy plane and this is our function. When we're taking the inverse of function, basically we're flipping, let's take this point, we're flipping every x to every y. Now, so every y becomes an x and every x becomes a y. Now this isn't a function, but because it has two lines right here. But the basic idea, you can get the basic idea just by looking at how this works. And you're essentially just mirroring it across this line. Alright, so now that we know that, what is a tangent line? So a tangent line is, if we take a point here, we want to get a line that just barely, that only touches that point and not really anything else in the function. I think they say it kisses that point. Of course, of course when you have a function like this and you want to take, okay, you want to take this point, it's going to cross it. But you can get a basic feel for how that works. Like essentially you have a line and you can roll it on that function. That's the way I like to think of it. And the derivative is basically taking the slope of all those tangent lines and mapping them to the x as a function. So if we have x squared, its derivative at every point would be 2x. Alright, so this is how the, alright, so now that we got that down, let's take what would be the inverse of that slope. So let's say we have a line here and this will be a very small line, but I'm making it large for a reason. Because when you have a function, basically you have two little tiny, they say infinitely small, but I don't really like to say infinitely small. It's just really small. We're arbitrarily small. We have these two points. So hand we're doing dy over dx because that's the difference between those two points. And we take the, and that's the slope. Alright, so let's go back to, so let's go back to this slope. If we want to, if we want to know, or if we want to know the slope of this line when it is flipped across or when it's mirrored across this line, we basically do what I just described. So let's define A as x sub A and B similarly as x sub B, y sub B. For taking the slope, we're doing rise over run. So it would be x sub B, wait no, y sub B, because that's rise minus y sub A over x sub B minus y sub minus x sub A. These could be flipped so long as this bottom is also flipped because it would basically be just the negative of this and also the negative of this top and negative one times negative over negative one equals one. Alright, so when we're taking this inverse, again just flipping flipping x with y and y with x. So it would look like this. x sub B minus x sub A, that's terribly over y sub A minus y sub B minus y sub A. And that is just the inverse, the inverse of those points. So it just be, it's just this flipped around. So like one over x, one over that over over the slope. Okay. So now that we have, so now that we know what this is, let's hit one over s, we can map every tangent line with this inverse function. So again, let, let's have this PR inverse function, this PR original function. So what we're doing here is we're going to want to go backwards. So let's say we want to take the tangent line at this point right here. And let's define this point as x and f on the value of a negative one x. That looks more like a four than a negative one. Alright. And this is how, this is how this point is defined. What we want to find is that same point, but on the original function. So basically we want, I don't know how to explain this, but we want to flip it again. We want to flip it again through this line because we can, we can get the, we can get the derivative of this function. Okay. So when we flip it, we're basically taking, we're basically doing this. Again, we're flipping these two like that. So let's do that and let's just say that it's this. Okay. Now we just take the slope, which is f prime and we're sticking negative out negative. I mean the inverse of the original function into it. Alright. And now we have this slope right here, but that's not the same as this slope right here. We need to, since because we're flipping it across this line, then the inverse or whatever, we're getting one over that slope. So this is how we get one over f prime of the inverse function. So yeah, that's, that's pretty much it. I feel like it's better than deriving it through implicit differentiation.


So in the last video, we talked about integers or int for short an integer only allows me to store a negative 2.1 For whatever billion number to a positive 2.1 for billion number Well, sometimes I don't need that. I don't need such a big range I can go with something smaller like a Boolean a Boolean is a data type that allows me to just handle true or false And if we remember when I was talking about sort of electricity, we have power no power zero one That can also be translated to true or false We also have things like the char data type, which is actually what allows us to store characters single text characters But as you notice, we have actually a lot of more number styles. We have a lot of other different kinds We have doubles which allow me to store 64 bits along with decimal places and the reason why I mentioned that is Integers and if we take a look at those bottom ones those longs, those are both whole number only data types They only store whole numbers meaning no decimal places that can be a problem that we'll see a little bit later So something like a double or a float those now allow me to have exactly that They allow me to have decimal places in my code So Why is that all important why why do I care? Why do I have all of there? Why do I care about having all these guys? All over the place well, I'm gonna take a little side and hopefully you've Heard of a little video game called the world of Warcraft. I know I have I played it for way too long but World Warcraft it currently has come out with a new expansion pack called the warlords of Draenor and One thing happened in the side the warlords of Draenor known as an item squish And so I want to read this kind of paragraph for you guys if you want you can skip over this and Or pause it and read it yourself But right there this paragraph right here Additionally bosses have run into issues where their maximum health has gone too high Wow stores health values in a signed 32-bit integer We just talked about that inside of our PowerPoint sites a 32-bit integer Which has a maximum of 2.14 billion?   You're doing it wrong and all of a sudden magically he dies and All right, I'm not gonna complain I get free loot I get my epics I got my purples or whatever they do nowadays in the world of warcraft I haven't played it in so long, but I miss it so much This isn't a real-life application. This is why World of Warcraft has actually released that expansion They're doing that item squish to shrink those numbers down and become more percentage Their other option was to expand to say for example along but the problem is 64 bits that turns their game from I don't know 10 gigabytes 20 gigabytes to a 50 gigabyte game Huge so why would they do that? It wouldn't that's where they shrunk things down So these data types actually start to matter a little bit when we start to look at the real-life application of it all


Appalachian Wireless now has new forward pay pricing, where you can pay up front and get the data and features you desire. 5GB of data, just $39.99. Unlimited, just $79.99. Better service, bigger savings. That's today's Appalachian Wireless. A pair of South Carolina cousins were arrested over the weekend after racing vehicles through Pikeville. But the traffic violations turned out to be the least of their problems. The Pikeville Police Department received a call Saturday stating two cars were traveling over 90 miles per hour along U.S. 23 South. Not common in the area, because of all the red lights and the congestion. That's just not a place where it's typical for racing to take place. And both of these individuals being from out of state, they almost seem to know why they didn't know the road in the area. Police were able to stop one of the vehicles near the Cassidy Boulevard intersection. It was determined that vehicle was considered stolen because the driver, 24-year-old Shaquille Weaver of Conway, South Carolina, had allegedly paid for it with a fraudulent check. The driver of the other vehicle, 25-year-old Tim Vereen, also of Conway, South Carolina, turned into Cassidy Boulevard Shopping Center. While attempting to stop him, police received a call that Vereen parked the vehicle and was running down the street with the suitcase. Police were able to locate and apprehend him. Upon further investigation, it was determined that both his vehicle and license plate were stolen out of Michigan. The suitcase contained his clothes and some cell phones. Tim Vereen was charged with speeding, fleeing or evading police, receiving stolen property over $10,000 or more, and racing a motor vehicle on a public highway. Shaquille Weaver was charged with theft by unlawful taking over $10,000 or more, theft by deception, and several traffic offenses. Both were lodged in the Pike County Detention Center. In Pikeville, Shelby Porter, EKB News.


The Cavalcade of America. DuPont, sponsor of the Cavalcade of America, wishes to thank all of you who have taken the time and trouble to write expressing appreciation for this series of programs. In choosing a program, we recognize that people throughout the country derive keen enjoyment from stories of America's history depicting traits of American character that built this nation. It's appropriate that the chemical firm of DuPont, established at Wilmington, Delaware in 1802, should sponsor a program of this type. During the 134 years of its existence, the progress of the DuPont company has closely paralleled the progress of America. It has been the privilege of DuPont chemists to develop a number of products that help make life easier and happier for Americans of today. That is what DuPont chemists mean by the phrase which guides their work. Better things for better living through chemistry. This evening's first episode concerns a family who ventured into Ohio territory in 1798 when it was a wilderness inhabited by Indians. Our Cavalcade Orchestra sets the scene with Frederick Knight Logan's American Indian melody, Pale Moon. Since it is largely in the hands of women that the care of our families has been placed, it is to the history of American womanhood that we look this evening for the highest examples of unselfish devotion. It is the winter of 1798 in the small town of Harpersfield, New York. In the parlor of Alexander Harper home, Colonel Harper is talking to a group of men, but in the sitting room, a more informal meeting is being held. Two ladies of Harpersfield talk to the Colonel's wife, Elizabeth Harper, and her friend, Dorothy Gregory. I cannot see how you and Dorothy can remain so calm, Elizabeth, when your husbands are in there planning your whole futures and that of your descendants. Elizabeth Fields, there's nothing so greatly unusual in moving our families to the western wilderness. Perhaps you think you will find a pretty home like this one waiting for you in the western reserve, Elizabeth. Oh, no. At first we may not even have cabins, but tents or shelters made of bark. Elizabeth, what in the world will you do in that wild country for neighbors? Well, we may have to take to minding our own affairs. I think you treat this matter with unbecoming levity, Elizabeth, considering that you have induced poor Dorothy Gregory to accompany you. Why, indeed, no, Mrs. Bigelow. Ezra has long wished to go to Ohio, and when the Harper's resolved on moving and I saw Elizabeth's resolution, I consented to the plan. Well, you will both be sorry. Come, Mrs. Stevens, we must be going back to the village. We must do leave. My husband's business will be concluded soon. Well, everyone in Harper's Field is so curious to know your plans that we must bring them word. Well, good evening, Dorothy. Good evening. Good evening, Mrs. Stevens.  The whole hour of such talk. No. I am angry at myself, not them. Their words raised old doubts. Elizabeth, it isn't too late for us to say no. Even now, we can... Well, then, we'll start the journey by sled, Gregory, before the forest set in Colonel Harper. Elizabeth, my dear. Yes? This meeting has determined us on final steps. The McFarlane's have promised to join us. It wants, but our wives consent. Well, Elizabeth has been taking it. I'm sorry. Will the plan of travel be safe for the children, Alan? We go by sled to Rome, by boat to Oswego, then to Queenstown, and from there on the Canada side to Fort Erie. How far will we find roads? There are no roads west of the Genesee River, unfortunately. Alec, it is best for the children, isn't it? You have assured me. There's no question of it, Elizabeth. You have but to sign this deed. Oh, wait, Elizabeth. Look. Look what a great expanse of map without towns or houses. Have you noticed, Dorothy, our land is directly south of Lake Erie, near the waterways route, through these great lakes. Pounds follow waterways. Later trade routes will follow towns. Our descendants will be living on a great route from east to west. Well, I know nothing of trade route. You decide, Elizabeth. I think we must go, Dorothy. Alec? Yes, dear. Here's my name to this deed, which will take us westwards. The journey passed safely, but the arrival was tragic. Fever struck the little colony, and Colonel Harper died. Elizabeth was left to endure a first winter that meant hiding her grief and comforting her children. It is early spring. In the forest near her cabin, Elizabeth Harper and her three youngest children search about through the grasses for wild plants. I have to go on picking, Mother. I'm so tired. I feel dizzy. That's good. You're so hungry. I get wobbly, too. Well, now sit down on this log, children, and rest. Yes, Mother. There. Well, we've got five baskets full of wild leeks. I'm almost sure that when they're boiled, we can eat them. Will there surely be some food to eat in spring, Mother? Real food. We don't have to wait for frankings, do we, Mother? No, I've told you, children. There'll be food as soon as your brothers come back from Pennsylvania. Someone there is bound to have food. Oh, if I'd only come early enough to plant more grain, or perhaps if your father had lived. Elizabeth, this is Mrs. Gregory. Oh, Elizabeth. McFarlane's and Ezra sent me out to speak to you. They thought, all of us thought, you should consider something. What is it, Dorothy? How long has it been since James and William sent out for Pennsylvania? Six weeks, tomorrow. It is a long time for such a journey. Oh, but the rivers are thawing, and it's the worst time of year to journey. So, William McFarlane said, perhaps they wandered southward rather than forward a stream and fell in with Indians. My sons would not take risks when our lives depend on them. But they're scarcely grown to manhood, and what do they know of Indians? Oh, Mother, have Indians got Bill and Jamie and Mother? Mother, I'm scared. Eliza, hush, all of you. You must listen to me a moment. Sit down again and be quiet. I want to tell you a story about your father. 15 years ago, when you boys were not yet born, and Eliza was a baby, your father fought in the revolution. He was captured by a Mohawk chieftain. He was what? He was dragged northward through the forest to Niagara, threatened with death at every step and told he might never return. Go on, Mother. He was made to run the gauntlet. When that did not kill him, he was sent to Quebec, where he laid in prison for two years, wandering every day if his wife and his children were safe. But he never gave up. He came home, didn't he, Mom? He came back because his courage did not fail him. Now shall we go back to the cabin without fears of what may have happened to William and James? Yes, Mother. I'll carry two baskets. Come along, Rob. I'll run ahead and get water to boil. Are you coming, Elizabeth? I would stay in the woods a moment to gather strength. You go with the children, Dorothy. Well, I'll thread the news that we'll have something to eat. Dear Lord, I pray that you give me the courage I have counseled in my children. We are near extremity. Oh, I pray they spare the young ones of mine, for they suffer without understanding. Oh, dear Lord. I saw figures through the trees. I thought I was drowning. Oh, James. Oh, Mother. Oh, how good to find you. But where's William?  It's these heavy sacks of corn we were carrying. Look, Mother, plenty of corn. Oh, come with it. Quick, we're starving. We got it from a man on Elk Creek in Pennsylvania. Oh, yeah. Give me part of that sack. Oh, no. Mother. No, I feel faint. Food. And I'm too weak to carry it. Hurry ahead, James. Tell everyone we have food. The settlement was saved from starvation. And though hard times followed, no such crisis of hunger ever rose again. For the first three years, the settlers saw no end to it. They toiled to improve their tiny village and build additions to their cabin. At the Harper Cabin in 1802, in the larger room of their two-room home, Elizabeth Harper anxiously instructs her daughter, Eliza. Need a quotation from the merchant of Venice, Eliza. The quality of mercy is not drain. Not drain. It droplets out. As the gentle rain from heaven. Upon? Upon that place beneath.  Why did you insist that Mr. McFarland and Mr. Gregory come over to question me? Certainly they will choose me, teacher, because there's no one else to be teacher. Eliza, in this rough country, men will quickly forget the graces of life if women do not constantly remind them. For that reason, you must know your literature and history. And we must have a proper examination before you take charge of our young ones.  I think that Mr. McFarland and Mr. Gregory now don't behave like a little child, Eliza. Answer the door and press it. Oh, yes, mother. Thank you, mother. What do you want, mother? Mother, shall I run to get the men? Make no sudden movement to alarm them. Oh, but what will they do to us? I do believe the man is hungry. Else why does he point to his mouth? Come, sir, inside here. Oh, mother, now. Look, you Indian. Do you see where I point? Those corn cakes? Yes, for you, for your friend. Hey, they'll pass you this room without harm. Don't be calm, Eliza. You're not even looking at us. Oh, they look thin to the point of starvation. We are safe. Oh, mother. The deep snows must have ruined their hunting. Mrs. Harper. Mrs. Harper. Oh, there they are. Put down that gun, there, sir. A tribe of Indians in your cabin. I invited them. It was the safest plan. I'll get William and James. They stay there. We have them trapped. But, Ezra, they mean us no harm. They could have slain us at once if they had. But I cannot make it out. You, we have waited for them three years. Then they appear and walk peaceably into your cabin. It's a stroke of luck, Ezra. And one of our firsts. Look, you, today we planned a school. Heard the post road was coming. And now our traditional enemies eager to try my corn cakes. Oh, for these long years I've fretted for the east. But today I'm content. For even after all the hardships we've been through, I feel that this country is home. A safe home for me and my children. Indians become friends of the colonists and often help them. New settlers arrive from the east. And Elizabeth Harper watches her children grow up in a well-populated country. Her loyalty to her family bore fruit in their success and in their services to the new state of Ohio. It is natural to American womanhood today as at the end of the 18th century when Elizabeth Harper fended for her children and the wilderness. The second episode in this evening's Cavalcade of America, presented by Dupont, takes place in the autumn of 1922. In the office of a department store manager, Nancy Barrett has an anxious talk. The manager, Mr. Johnson, is speaking. Of course, this is an interesting hobby, Mrs. Barrett. Oh, it's more than a hobby, Mr. Johnson. I really work at it in all my spare time. I've been giving nothing but my pottery as gifts for years. For the last few months, ever since my husband had to go south for his health, I've been selling them. How do you do the firing, if I may ask? Well, it was just luck that I found a man who knew kilns. Francois, he's an old Frenchman who worked when he was young at Limoges. He built me a small kiln and a workshop back at my house. Well, frankly, Mrs. Barrett, we're not doing much expanding at the present time. Oh. Even adding a new pottery shop to our china department would come under the head of expansion right now. Well, I have a lot of friends. See, so many women in town know my work already that I have a ready-made clientele. Well, if you'll give me your address. It's 458 Judson Boulevard. 458. It's the White House set back in the trees. But, Mr. Johnson, you don't really intend to come. I think I'll have to show you my emergency vase. Your what? My emergency vase. The vase I brought along to show you in case you simply wouldn't set foot over my doorstep. Well, I... It's in this box, which I'm trying to open. Can I help? I'm nervous, I do believe. Salesmanship is new to me. There. May I put it on your desk? It's very beautiful. I think this aquamarine color catches an under-surface sheen that I'm working for. Well, how do you get these magnificent swirls of color? Oh, that's a secret. But I'll tell you one thing. I'm using native clays right down on our own riverbank. It means a lot of fuss with the firing because almost anything's have to go wrong. But from there on, it's not... Mrs. Barrett, I'm impressed with your work, even though I don't know much about pottery. I'll certainly have a look at your shop. Oh, I'll be so happy. My secretary will make the appointment. If we make a deal at all, it has to be for the holiday trade. Can I help you get that vase in the box? Thank you. You packed it well. I'm shipping it. Oh, you have an out-of-town trade? No, but I've got a husband in a sanitarium down south who sometimes gets flowers when I feel prosperous. Goodbye, Mr. Johnson. And thank you very much for answering my letter and for seeing me. I've enjoyed our talk. Goodbye. A few weeks later in Nancy's home, it is just before daylight. But in the dining room, Nancy sits asleep. Her head fallen over her drawing board spread on the dining room table. Randy, her young son, in pajamas and bathrobe, comes in, sees her, and shakes her gently. Mother. Mm-mm. Can't you come to bed? Oh, Randy. Gee, you're getting almost as bad as Dad was about staying up. And that was pretty bad. Oh, Francois and that new man are on the oven. They're going to call me as soon as this firing is finished. Don't worry about it so much, Mom. Oh, I'm not so terribly worried. Oh, you act like it. Won't the store take it if you don't get it done on time? Not so much that. But if anything goes wrong, I haven't money enough to pay for another firing. What would happen to a friend? I don't know. Read Dad's letter again. Oh, no, Randy. Why not? Because it's only a letter. What good does it do? He's so far away. All right. Oh, I'm sorry, Randy. Of course I'll read it, darling. Here it is. Let's see. He says, well, he misses us terribly. He likes the doctor down there. And the doctor says it's been six months of progress. And it'll only be two years more. Maybe you'd better not read it. What's that? It's the alarm clock going off in the kitchen. Oh, I got it. But what? Why is it going off? I don't know. Didn't you set it? Yes, but for six o'clock. That's what it is now. Oh, it couldn't be. Well, I sat down here at ten o'clock to rest just a few minutes. Oh, they're going to draw the oven at midnight. Something's gone wrong. They'd have called me. Mother, where are you going? To the oven. Wait! I'm coming. Wait, Mother! Francois! Yes? Oh, Francois! Yes? Yes? Yes? What is it, Mrs. Bow? Oh, what happened? Why didn't you call? Nothing happens. I come to the house. You asleep? And the new man and me withdraw. Oh, let me see it. Why, it looks all right. But in this saga, it looks fine. Sure, it is fine. Other sagas just as good. Oh, thank heaven. I feel like shouting. Mother! Yes? It's getting late. Look at the sky. They don't hurry. You won't get any sleep. I don't need sleep. Francois, you and Randy and I'll have breakfast right away. Then, before I start on that sorting, I'll write a letter south. The ability to endure separation and loneliness is one of the sternest tests of loyalty to family. Two years later, at the railroad station, Nancy Barrett and Randy are talking together. I guess we've been here about an hour now. Well, we did get here a little early. I can see it. The minute it comes around that curve. Yes. And boy, am I going to yell. Not too loud now, Randy. Oh, I said you'll yell, too. How do you do, Mrs. Barrett? Oh, how do you do, Mr. Life? Hello there, Randy. Hello.  Your husband should be very proud of you. Thank you, Mr. Life.  Yes, we are. So, I'm missing it on that curve. Hurray! Randy! Randy, take my hand here. Yes. Sorry, Zorn. Oh, dear, you don't suppose he missed connections. Oh, he wouldn't do that. Yeah, I shouldn't say he weren't. Oh, I hope so. Where is he? How are you, dear? I'm glad you're back. And now everything's all right again. Say to family, in the most difficult time, there's triumph over every obstacle and presented to children an example of courage and faithfulness. Though many kinds of idealism have appeared in the Cavalcade of America, the devotion shown by pioneer women and by their enduring sisters today is of a distinguished sort. To those members of families who have contributed to their country's welfare, by guarding the welfare of their loved ones, we pay a special tribute. They are true leaders in the Cavalcade of America. This evening, the Cavalcade of America has brought you two episodes exemplifying the American spirit of loyalty to family. Now we want to share with you another true life story of loyalty, as related in a sincere and human letter recently received from one of our listeners. Mr. C.A.F. of Washington, D.C., writes, I have been listening over the radio ever since there were sets available, and I've never heard anything that has been interesting like the Cavalcade of America. It's wonderful, and I look forward to it every week. I am proud of America and what Americans have done, and I hope you'll keep up your good work. When I was a boy in Michigan, I learned to use dynamite to blast out rocks on my father's farm. I got the blasting rocks and stumps for the neighbors and ordered the dynamite directly from the DuPont Company in Wilmington, Delaware. I thought your company just the greatest thing in the world, for I was able to make enough money at this work to buy all my clothes. I never had much chance to go to school, but finally got a job in a Detroit power plant and went to night school and worked up to be an engineer. When the war came, I enlisted, and upon returning, learned photography and started a studio in Illinois. I got along real well and married. It didn't seem to be our luck to have any children, so we adopted too often a boy and a girl. We had just taken these two children when the big crash came and we lost our business. Things are a little better with us now, and with the educational advantages here, I hope to make the boy what I always wanted to be. Since I was associated with your company when a boy, I could not help telling you the above story. Keep up your wonderful program, and I'll be listening to you. Thank you, Mr. CAF. Yours is truly a story of loyalty and of faith in America as a land of opportunity. Letters like yours, furnishing at first hand the experiences of listeners, tell better than any words of ours could possibly do, how chemistry touches the lives of the American people. In your case, it was your skill in using agricultural dynamite to clear farms of stumps and boulders that gave you a start in making your own way in the world. The DuPont Company, of course, makes many other useful chemical products, and we hope you have enjoyed learning about some of them through the brief stories of research usually given at the end of these programs. Your experience and that of millions of others throughout the country emphasize the phrase which DuPont chemists hold as their guiding principle. Better things for better living through chemistry. Next Wednesday evening at this same time, DuPont will again present the Cavalcade of America. Since next Wednesday of February 12th, the birthday anniversary of Abraham Lincoln, it is fitting that our program for that evening should dramatize some of the less familiar incidents from the life of the great emancipator. Long be a broad-casting person.


Dropshipping from Overstock became very popular and a lot of dropshippers started to work with this supplier as their main dropshipping supplier. In this video I want to show you 9 interesting facts and reasons why this supplier became so attractive and so interesting opportunity for any dropshipper. Hello everybody, so in this video I will show you really everything that you need to know to start working with this amazing dropshipping supplier Overstock. You will know everything from products finding, shipping methods, shipping speeds, prices of shipping, special programs of Overstock, special policies, how does the return there works, which type of products can you sell from there and how works the customer support of Overstock. So let's go. The third thing that I want to talk about is that for sure this is an American supplier so we have up to 5 shipping days to any location in the United States. The second interesting thing here is that the shipping is actually free. So we can send all of the products of Overstock with one condition that I will talk about soon to any place for free. This is something really amazing for us and gives us the opportunity to be much more competitive. The third thing here is their amazing customer support. So if I go to the bottom of the page, Contact Customer Care, I will see here on this page the option for chat. So we can see that the chat is open most of the times in the day which allows us to communicate easily with Overstock and gives our customers the best customer support that we can give because they give us the live chat in Overstock so it's much easier. They actually have a great customer support compared to any other American supplier that you already tried. Now I want to talk about the fourth interesting thing and this is the PayPal that they allow to pay. If I go to here, I click checkout because I already have some products in the cart. Let me go back and add the product to the cart. So I will just take any product here and click add to cart. And here I can see that they actually support PayPal which is great for us. We don't need to have headache about how to transfer money to our credit card and about cash flow. We just get money by PayPal and we can pay using this PayPal directly to Overstock. This is something very interesting and very amazing. I think that many people really prefer a supplier that works with PayPal over any other supplier. Let's jump into thing number five. The thing is that Overstock doesn't have a lot of warehouses which is good for us because the shipping time is fine and we don't have taxes to most of the states in the United States. So actually it means that when we work with Overstock we will save in many cases money for taxes because we don't need to pay taxes when we send to other states and because they don't have warehouses in all of the states, so in many cases we will not need to pay these taxes and the amount of taxes is really, really low when we work with these suppliers. Now let's go to the really interesting thing. The Club O program. The Club O program is a program of Overstock that actually the loyalty program where you can first you can try it for 30 days for free and then it's just $20 for full year. It's nothing. If you compare it to Amazon Prime or to any other site you can see that this is really, really low price and really worth it. Using this program we will really have the free shipping to all of the products for all of the products. We will get 5% cashback for any our order. This is amazing and I really like this thing because this thing gives us the opportunity to get even more profit per sale. Let's jump into the last three things. The first one is the price match guarantee. We can see here that actually Overstock promises us that we will get the lowest price in the market. So if we find the product cheaper with any other supplier we can just contact Overstock and get money back for the price difference. This is amazing for us because we know that we will be able to be always the cheapest for any specific product because if we find it in cheaper price with any other supplier we can just compete with them. Now let's see what we have here more. If I go to the Returns policy I will find something really interesting. The Returns policy says that they have 30 days of returns but you can see here that after 30 days they still offers you partial refund. Now this is actually a decision that you should take but eBay promotes much more products with 60 days of returns. So if you compete with someone else who do dropshipping from Overstock you can put higher returns policy return time and then you will be ranked over and much higher than they are in the search algorithm of eBay. I check this, you can also check this. For sure it depends on many other criteria like the level of the account but this is something that will really help you. And I recommend you to put for Overstock 60 days in Returns even if it means that sometimes you will lose money because you will not lose all of the money and all of the price of the product because they offer the partial refund. Let's jump into the last thing that I really like with Overstock and this is their sales and deals. This category in Overstock sorted and organized in very interesting and very easy working method. You can see here products with discounts and they can just go to gifts under $100. Find here a lot of interesting products and they can even sort it by on sale. Now look how many different products we have now on sale on Overstock. Now because not a lot of people are working with this supplier it will be much more competitive than any other of your competitors because if you go to this category every day and find products that right now with good discounts you can just list it using the monitor using AutoDS and you will be sure, you will be make sure that actually when the price will be increased your price will be also increased because you're covered by the monitoring system. Other people may be not covered or not working with this supplier so you can list products from this category, start sending them immediately because you will be much cheaper than the competitors and then you will make a lot of profits. I really like this supplier, I really recommend you to at least try and work with them. You can see that you also have coupons for them using price blink and many, many, many interesting things with this supplier. Just jump into the water or don't afraid, take the risk. Maybe in the beginning it will be hard but I promise you that for the long term it will worth it and it will really make profits. See in the next videos for any question about this supplier or any other dropshipping related question just ask me other this video, subscribe to this YouTube channel, share the video with your friends like this video and see you in the next time. Bye bye.


Pregdiki you definitely suffer from that mr.   Oh, that was beautiful crossing Nothing close. Yeah, yeah, I was okay Events events. Tell me I'm gonna go to town. I'm lining now. He wants to beat me. Yeah, I'll stop him. I'll stop him I'll chip him behind the corner. Yeah, I should be missed. Oh, my Hero hero He's getting my field Just close close right. He's gonna fair now. What's right? Blimey blamey blamey. No fair I'm sitting blind.   I trinket I am serious There may be I'm just focused. Okay. I'll just focus that Half sheep half sheep