Good evening. Today I will be talking about the smart home I didn't ask for. So my name is Neil Samia. I'm a security researcher working at Kudalski Security. And I have interest in privacy, data processing at scale, and I'm a huge Linux fan. So what is this about?  And first, we'll talk about how I analyze network traffic, then how I analyzed the tablet itself, the findings I discovered, and how I disclosed those findings. So once upon a time, I was looking for a new apartment. And I found one for rent and decided to rent it. And the day I moved into this new apartment, this was on the wall. So it's a wall-mounted tablet that runs an app in kiosk mode. So there is no apparent way to escape that app. And you can use it to control assets inside of the apartment, such as motorized blinds, control the heating, turning on and off the lights. And when someone rings that the doorbell, you can also open the building's main entrance door. And more and more buildings come pre-installed with such smart devices. And they have very deep integration into the house or apartment. And tenants who rent the apartment become dependent on these devices because they really have to use it to do day-to-day tasks. And one example of that is, for example, if you have a balcony and you have blinds that are on the outside of the windows, and if the blinds are down, you cannot get out on the balcony. And the only way to get on the balcony is to turn the blinds up. And you have to use that tablet to turn the blinds up. There's no other way, no manual knob or anything. So this really creates a dependence on the smart device. So this tablet can be used directly, but there is also a feature that lets you pair a smartphone to the tablet. It can be an Android or iOS smartphone. There's an app for that. And when you want to pair it, you click a button on the tablet. It's going to generate a four-digit code. And then you have 60 seconds to enter that very same four-digit code on the smartphone app. And if it's the right code, then it gets paired with the tablet. And once it's paired, you can use it to connect things inside of the apartment from anywhere on the internet. So at that point, I was really skeptical and started to really wonder what the security of the system was like. So this brings us to the first chapter, network traffic analysis. So I had a look at the Android smartphone app. That's called eSmart Live. And I quickly saw that it mostly produces encrypted traffic, so there's not much to be seen in the clear text traffic. So I was like, OK, we can do a man in the middle attack to see what's going on and see the clear text traffic here if there's no special protection. So I used a Pixel 4 smartphone. That's what I had. It was running Android 11. And I routed it with Magisk. Just follow the tutorials. And since Android 7, the apps on Android only trust system-wide certificates. And you cannot install them directly. You have to install user certs first. So what I did is I used an extension that you can install directly from the Magisk app called Move Certificates. And that can be used to move a user cert to a system-wide cert so that then your cert is trusted by the app. So that's what I did. And just analyzing the traffic, so we see that there is very little HTTPS traffic. But the meat of the traffic is using XMPP, which is a chat protocol. So to intercept the HTTP traffic, I used a tool called Meetup Proxy. But we could have used Burbsuite or whatever proxy you'd like to use. And for the XMPP traffic, at first, it looked unencrypted. But quickly, during the connections, the traffic gets encrypted because they send a start to less message. And then the rest of the traffic is encrypted. So we need to also intercept that traffic and do a man in the middle here. And most HTTPS proxies just do HTTPS. They don't do XMPP. So here we needed another tool. And one that worked for me is called XMPP Meetup. And this is what I used for the man in the middle for XMPP. So here we have an example screenshot in Wireshark where we see an XMPP message in the clear. So we could decrypt the traffic. And here it's just the tablet sending us an invitation to a private room on the XMPP server. We'll see why that is used next. And to put that in place, I just set up a software Wi-Fi access point on my laptop that gives us a new network interface, let's say AP0, and then use the routed smartphone to connect to that software AP so that I can intercept and collect and capture the traffic on the laptop. And for the HTTPS proxy, so I just used Meetup proxy, like I said, and just instructed it to save the TLS handshakes to an SSL-Keylock file. And then we can use that file inside Wireshark. Just go to the preferences, browse, choose that file, and it's going to decrypt the traffic for you. And for the XMPP proxy, it's very similar. It's just that apparently the app was checking for the domain name that was in the certificate. So I had to generate one that had the domain name XMPP.mylesmart.net so that it works. And then same thing, we just run the tool, say that we want to save the TLS handshakes to an SSL-Keylock file, and do the same thing with Wireshark. And finally, last thing that was needed is we needed to do some redirecting to some ports and some addresses with IP tables so that the traffic goes in the right direction. So in the end, we could actually see the traffic in the clear. So the app was not doing any certificate pinning. And inside the XMPP messages, JSON payloads were sent. And here we have an example of one of these payloads. So for example, here, when I was on the app, I clicked the button to turn on a light. And it just sends like a payload where the body says turn on asset number 13. And 13 was a light. So I tried also to see to understand what the app was really doing, just seeing if we could decompile the source code of the app and see if it's readable or not, but it was obfuscated. So we could have tried to reverse engineer it, but that may have been a lot of work. And as one famous security researcher who did the keynote yesterday says, if it's smart, it's vulnerable. So there was probably a quicker way around this. So I decided to move on. And this brings us to chapter 2, analysis of the tablet. So the goal was to see how the tablet works. And first, is there a way we can connect to the tablet to analyze it? So it turns out the front pane plate of the tablet can be removed. It's just sticking with magnets. And it reveals there is micro-USB cable there. So if you have the right-angled micro-USB cable that fits in the plastic, you can just connect it to a laptop and see what happens. Maybe we have USB debugging enabled or something like this. And so just for the record, behind the tablet, there was a hole in the wall. And inside that hole, there was a chip. And there's an ethernet cable that goes inside that chip. And this is where the tablet gets its network connection. So using the cable, we immediately see that USB debugging was enabled on the tablet by default. So we could use ADB to connect and see what we can do. And just doing ADB shell, we see that we are roots on the tablet. So these guys are delivering tablets that are routed and have USB debugging enabled by default. And the tablet runs Android 4.4, which is pretty old, I would say. So one of the first things I tried to do was to enumerate what apps were installed on that tablet. So just did ADB shell PMList packages. And we see that here I stripped the output. But there was four apps that had My eSmart in the name. So it looked like these were apps made by the vendor. And there was one app called Quick SSHD that looked like an SSH server that was installed on the tablet. So then using another command, we could get the path where the APK file was located on the tablet.  So that's what I did. And so the targets that I identified were these four eSmart apps. So there was a tablet app, manager app, OTA app, and a launcher app, and this SSH server, the Quick SSHD. So what I did here, I just used ADEX to unpack and decompile the APKs. And sometimes it could not decompile all of the codes, or some functions sometimes could not be decompiled. But it was good enough for me. One other way would have been to first convert the APK file to a JAR file, for example, with something like nJarify. And then use more classical Java decompilers, such as the one you have built into IntelliJ that's called Fernflower. But I tried that, and it ran for like three hours. And it was still stuck. So JAREX worked better for me. So after decompiling that, I had a look. And the four eSmart apps were actually not obfuscated, so it was really easy to see what happened there. So here we have a screenshot of some part of the code that was inside testing that was inside of the tablet app. And here it's part of the code that is used to unlock the door when someone rings the main building entrance door. In the code, we also see that there are four different versions of the tablet hardware. So the one I had installed in my apartment was the RK3188, but there's mentions of three others, C91, C93, and Finch. And apparently, some versions of the tablet are running a different software or do different stuff. Maybe they have a different UI. It looks like there are at least two versions of it inside. What I also did next is I copied files from the tablet that were in some specific directories that could be interesting, like data, data, and the SD card folders. In data, data, there was a specific directory for each app. And in the tablet app folder, there was this file called doorIP.txt. That contained the IP address of the main building entrance door, so <IP_ADDRESS>, that was for my building. And in the code, like we've seen in the screenshot before here, what it did actually is it just does an HTTP get request to some URL on the door IP, and that just opens the door. So there's no authentication. You just have to be connected to the internal network, and that's it. You can replay the traffic and open the door. So that's what I did. And here's a quick video. So just for the video, I had my laptop plugged to the internal network inside the apartment, had the SSH server running on the laptop, and I connected to that using my smartphone from the outside of the building to open it. And the smartphone was just doing the HTTP request to open the door. And that's it. Just opened the building. So in my neighborhood, there were actually six buildings. And in each building, there was eight apartments. And in each apartment, there is one tablet. And just one building door per building. And then you have the apartment doors, but these are not connected. You have to use a physical key to open those. So all of those tablets and the door are connected to a switch. And then all the switches are interconnected. So basically, the whole neighborhood is connected. So they share the same network. And what I did is I was connected on that network. And looking at the IP address, and I was like, OK, $10.00 and $5.7. I'm in building E, apartment 7. It looks like there's a logic in the naming of the IP addresses. So you could just target a specific tablet or a specific door. You can just guess which one it is, but just by the number in the IP address. So for example, if you want to target the tablet inside building B, apartment 5, it's $10.00 and $2.5. And if you want to target the door of building B, it's $10.00, $2.00, $100. The doors are always $100.00. So I tried to ping the tablets in my building first. That worked. And then I tried to ping stuff in the other buildings, and it also worked. So yeah, it looks like we could open the doors in the whole neighborhood. I didn't do it for legal reasons, but when I reported it to the vendor, they didn't deny. So it looks like it would work. And so just as a reminder, you cannot open the apartment doors, right? It's the main building door. You still need a physical key to get inside the apartment. So this brings us to the findings chapter. So after analyzing the non-obfuscated decompiled source code, this is basically an overview of how the whole system works. So we have an Android smartphone that runs the eSmartLive app. And that smartphone, when you start the app, it's going to connect to an XMPP server and join a public room on that server. And the tablet runs multiple apps. The tablet has the tablet app, which also connects to this XMPP public room on the XMPP server. And when a smartphone tries to link to pair with the tablet, and it puts the right 4-digit code, the 4-digit code is actually sent on the public room. And all the tablets are kind of listening there and trying to see if someone sends a message with the expected 4-digit code. And if that happens, the tablet is going to create a private room, join it, and then invite the smartphone app inside of that private room. And once the tablet and the smartphone are inside of the private room, the tablet is going to interpret all the messages that are sent by the smartphone. And that's how basically the smartphone tells to turn on lights, control stuff inside the apartment. Another thing, there is something called a web platform that is actually used by the manager app. And this app is regularly checking whether there is any commands to be executed from this web platform. And one of those commands is actually instructing the tablet to do a remote port for warding on an SSH server that they call the tunnel server that is hosted by the eSmart vendor. And this is actually used by a technician that works for eSmart when they want to do remote troubleshooting. So it just basically opens a port on the tablet so that the guys can then connect back to the tablet from the tunnel server and diagnose and troubleshoot problems on the tablet remotely. And they can do this because there is an SSH server that is always running on the tablet. So as I said, when we start the smartphone app, it connects to the XMPP server. And both the tablet and the smartphone app have something called a Java ID or a JID that is something used in the XMPP protocol. And this value is derived from some random value and the MAC address of the device. And when authenticating on the XMPP server, the way it works is it uses password-based authentication with SASL and the digest MD5 mechanism. The password is just this JID. And sorry, the username is just this JID. And the password is a hash of this JID concatenated to some random value. And registration appears to be open on this XMPP server. And this is actually what the tablet does when it first runs. So when they deploy a new tablet, it's going to basically generate credentials, generate a JID, a password using the technique described above. And register on the XMPP server and then connect using that the next times. So they both join this public room. And when there is an invite, the tablet creates a private room that is named as its JID and then concatenated with at conference.mysmart.net. And when pairing is successful, it invites the smartphone inside it. And then, as I said, it's going to interpret the messages. So I was wondering, is there a way we could remotely exploit this? Because the room name is just the JID plus some hardcoded strings. So maybe there is a way we can guess the MAC address or maybe just connect to the XMPP server. And since it's open registration, you could just create an account, connect there, and enumerate the devices that are inside of the public room. So I reported this to the vendor. And they said that someone else had already reported it and that they had patched it early 2021. So this was an actual issue in the past. But now the rooms are invite only. So this is just a screenshot. I mentioned the web platform before. When you go to that URL, you will just see a login form. And this platform is smart for sending comments, but also for the agency that owns the building, for example, to send messages to tenants in all the apartments. So I mentioned this tunnel server. And it's actually just a SSH server. And the technician uses to remotely troubleshoot. And the authentication that is used is just password authentication. And it's actually using an MD5 hash of the password that is stored in a text file inside of the tablet. I tried to brute force it, but it looks like it's a very long password. So there's no easy way to brute force it, even if it's MD5. But there is another way that we could go around that. Actually, since the tablet runs the SSH server, and we have access to it. The tablet has USB debugging enabled. We are root on the tablet, so we could modify the SSH server so that it logs all of the login attempts. So you could just dump to a file the password and the username when someone tries to log in. And that someone could be the technician, right? So you could just pick up the phone, call the smart guys, and say, hey, I have a problem with my tablet. Can you remotely troubleshoot it? And you just wait for them to send the remote port forward in command, then connect back to the SSH server and collect the password that's in the log file. And one thing that is also problematic here is that all of the tablets in the same deployment, for example, in the neighborhood, they have the same password. So if you were to do that, you collect the password, then you're on the same network. So you can connect to the other tablets that are in the whole neighborhood, basically, because they all have this SSH server running, have the same password. And these tablets, they have a camera, they have a microphone, so there's like a real privacy issue here. And the tablets are also rooted, so if you get SSH access on your neighbor's tablet, then it's game over.  So what way to remediate this would be to not use public authentication, not use password authentication for the SSH server, but use public and private key authentication. So this way, even if we control the server, there is no way to get the private key. And another thing is that this server doesn't need to run at all times. They could just shut it off and turn it on only when it's needed and when they need to troubleshoot. They already have the web platform to trigger the command, so they could do it at that point. And some other findings, so the tablets are all on a separate internet connection, and the owner pays for it. So you could enable a Wi-Fi hotspot on the tablet and get free internet, since I'm not paying for it. You could also spam the pin codes, the four-digit pin codes when you are trying to pair the smartphone with the tablet. So there is no throttling when sending a pin. So you could just try all possible combinations and wait for someone to try to pair a smartphone and I guess you would be connected to a random person's tablet for a while until they figure out that it's not the right device that's connected to their tablet. I guess you would also get detected pretty quickly, but you could still be able to connect. So this brings us to chapter four, disclosure. So just a quick summary of the findings. So USB debugging was enabled by default on the tablet. The tablet is routed. We can open the door of other buildings if we are on the same network. The tablet runs an old version of Android that doesn't get security patches anymore. The apps on the tablet are not obfuscated. There is no certificate pinning on the Android smartphone app. The SSH server on the tablet uses password authentication, so we could collect this password. And there is no rate limiting for the pin code for pairing. So in December last year, I reported all of these to the smart team via email. And they acknowledged receipt the next week. Then the next day, they gave me an official response to all of the items, but I thought it was not really clear because some of the points maybe were not really well explained. So I offered them to meet them in person because they were not too far from where I lived. And we had to wait just a bit because it was almost the holidays. And then in January, I reminded them that I wanted to meet them to explain the impact of the findings. And finally, we settled on a meeting date. And finally, we met mid-February and explained all of the issues. And they said they were going to work on it and prepare some fixes. And finally, in May, I notified them that this talk was accepted and that I was about to publicly disclose it. And I received a response saying that a fix was in progress and that it will be deployed this month if the final tests were successful. And then I had no news. But I checked in like two weeks ago and they had disabled USB debugging. So it's not enabled anymore by default. And the SSH server has been uninstalled from the tablet. So in conclusion, smart devices should be built with security in mind from the start. These devices have really deep integration into the house or the apartment. So it can lead to privacy issues and really bad consequences even if it is hacked or even if the system goes down. Like you could not even go out on the balcony if it's not working and the lights are down. And if you want cool research, just put a smart device in a security researcher's house. So thank you. Do you have any questions? So thanks a lot. We have about two minutes left. And if there are any questions, please ask them. Micro, microphone in the back, please. Hi, a cool talk, by the way. Did you were you able to figure out the protocol that the tablet speaks to your smart house? So you maybe could replace it with something that's not terrible. That's a good question. So I have not looked at what the tablet does when it speaks to the actual assets in the apartment. What I just saw in the code was that it was opening a connection a serial port. And I guess it sends something to the module that was behind the tablet inside of the hole. But I haven't looked at it. OK, Signal Angel, do we have any questions from the internet? No. So microphone on the front, please. Hi, thank you for your talk. You said the tablet had a microphone and a camera. And are there any intended uses for these devices? Yeah, that's a good question. So inside of the apartment, I think the camera makes no sense because when someone rings at the door from the outside, you can see them from inside the apartment, but they cannot see you. So the camera should not be there. And in my apartment, I just put a sticker on it so nobody can see it. But for the microphone, yes, because you can talk to the person that's on the outside when they ring at the door. Yeah. OK, and we are out of time. And I would like to thank you for this very interesting, but quite frightening talk. So one round of applause, please, for Niels.


Regarding Matthew 18 where it says, forgive or else you will be tormented, what does that mean? Who torments Satan or God? There is self-torment, you know, we don't want to just break it down to say that the Lord would, I'll answer the question more fully in a moment, but we need to remember that we can be tormented by our own guilt.  So there is self-condemnation, you can torment yourself. And so the parable there is referring to the sin of unforgiveness and the man who refused to forgive a debt to somebody when he himself had been freely forgiven in immeasurable debt. And the point Jesus was making there was related to a person who doesn't understand the depth of forgiveness will never be able to give forgiveness to somebody else. So a person who doesn't accept the forgiveness of God will always be in a state of torment. You know there is a phrase that is used that one Bible teacher used in reference to that man who was cast into the place of torment until every last bit was paid, and they referred to him as the debt collector. And the point that we're making is if you don't freely release people of the obligations that you think they have towards you, if you don't release them, then you're always going to be wondering when are they going to pay? When are they going to take care of this? And you will live in a state of torment, you will live in a state of a lack of peace, a lack of joy, a bitterness because you haven't released to them, you know, you haven't released them of their debt. The word forgiveness is also, you know, forgive us our debts is speaking of something that somebody owes you. And forgiveness speaks of the releasing of that debt. So if somebody has hurt me and I hold it against them, I'm in a personal state of torment because I'm constantly so upset. I see them and I'm thinking as they smile at me in church and wave, how are you doing?  It happened, excuse me, when our church was less than a year old. I had a 1968 Ford pickup truck and Marie was driving it to work. She was a school teacher. She's going to Chino to substitute teach when the engine seized on her because I hadn't put oil in it. I forgot to put oil in it and the engine froze. And so we had it towed to our house.  I didn't have the money obviously to put an engine in it to repair it. So it just sat there. As it sat there, I met a guy who came to the church on occasion was a friend of a friend in the church who said, listen, I've got an engine that I can put in that, in the truck. I'd like to buy your truck from you so I can put my engine in it. I'll give you $500 for your truck. Well, to me, that's fine. You want to give me $500 for a truck and you can put your engine in it? I think that's fair. So he came and he had the truck towed home to his house. I didn't see him again. I didn't see him again. I didn't see him for several months. And he never gave me the $500, but it was nice to see that the front yard didn't have a truck cluttering it.  And so I went through this. I thought, man, I knew how to find him. And I had friends in the Mexican mafia. No, I'm just kidding. I knew how to take care of the dead. No, I knew how to get hold of him, but I took it before the Lord. And I said to the Lord, I still remember how it went. I said, Jesus, he owes me $500. I'm just not going to be a debt collector. I'm just not going to. I'm going to let this go.  You've been taking care of me. We have a car. We can drive. I'm good with that. I don't want to make an issue with him over something financial. I'm going to leave it alone. And that's what I did. And I let it go. I actually forgot about it. And within a few months after all of this, after me praying and saying that the Lord, he showed up at church one day. And I still remember him walking up and he handed me some money. And he never said, I'm sorry for taking so much time to pay. And he never said a word like that. He just handed me the money. I smiled at him. And I had actually pretty much forgotten that he owed it to me. So I really think that that's uncertain situations. For me, that was the right thing to do. But in sinful situations, that is the right thing to do. I leave it alone. Why? God forgave me of my many sins and my many debts. So I ought to be quick to extend that to others who've been offensive to me. And so I can torment myself. The enemy can provoke me to remember and all. But the Lord doesn't torment. It isn't the Lord at all. It would be my own heart that's condemning me. And it could be provoked by the enemy. But when I hand those things over to the Lord, I'm free. I'm set free. And that's how it works in general.


No, that's not somebody peeing off the bus That is all the rain water coming from the roof I woke up to a Thunder and lightning good morning from Fredericksburg, Texas That's how much rain dropped this morning. I would say that's three quarters of an inch. What do you say? More than a half inch That was just like in an hour. Yeah, it wasn't very long in it. Yeah Right hard though. All right first stop of the day. We are at a place called wild seed farms the largest wildflower seed Farm working seed farm and flower farm in the world apparently so It's not flower season. Yeah over here. They do have a bunch of fields There are no flowers right now. This is not flower season. So We're just gonna mosey around and check it out Find some psychedelic cactus here for $39.95 of Desert kind of plants and succulents and Clared actals over here. There's probably live music or events or something in the summertime This is definitely a spring-summer All kind of place to have a feeling because there's really not much blooming. Here is some kind of flower And that is pretty much the only thing blooming right now. These ones are hummingbird plants cool This place is that you can get a one-pound bag which covers about 2,000 square feet of all these different blends There's like southeastern Southwest Firecracker butterfly hummingbird and like all these different things for whatever region that you are from or that you're gonna grow so This is the next stop on today's journey Magnolia pearl house established 1865 Claire said 1865 was what? Louder, that's right folks This looks like an cool little old. I don't know 50s pickup truck With a chicken coop in the back Yes, Montal and Claire loves it. This is very Texas But yeah, super cool inside.  It's pretty cool We got some interesting witchcraft. Yeah, get some interesting Things around here. Yeah, this is pretty cool. Oh That's oh my god, that's made out of stone. I thought it was wood. Isn't that crazy? Super cool. This is like the the quintessential Texas farmhouse antique farmhouse look. Oh my god What? This is so cool This is an actual functioning toilet. That's funny. I thought it was like a set up Holy cow Look at how massive this fireplace is. Oh my lord. It's the size of Claire This right here is a working pulley elevator, I'm not even sure what to call this thing But it goes all the way up to the top of the building that is cool Well, what do you think about that place Claire? Vintage very vintage. I don't normally stop in a boutiques, but this place is almost like a museum inside there I would say half museum half Historically accurate over-priced clothes Definitely some pricey stuff in there, but definitely some high quality Vintage everything. This is one of the coolest older buildings. I've ever seen in my life nothing screams Texas like Right in your horse home from church on a Sunday So we parked and we're now at In in Fredericksburg. I think this is the local library and there's some voting going on So that's some kind of city hall thing, but we just stumbled upon some pecans and I happened to step on one asking Claire if they're edible And she's a pecan master Are these edible?  Just got scolded for almost stepping on the pecans and Claire said uh-uh, and this is a proper way if you step on them You shatter them. Oh, okay. This way see how it's all nice one big piece Yes, because it clearly tastes different when it's smashed up a little If you go through Texas and you don't stop and crack a few pecans fresh off the tree You haven't really experienced Texas Incredible great flavor some of them are just like Oozing with like sweetness and the oil and it's just it's great. These are delicious and it just fall right off the tree All right, so we're gonna stop off at the German little restaurant here Dirlindenbaum We're gonna get a little sausage, but basically this is a very touristy town If you have been to a touristy place before, you know, it's like you can get all kinds of like souvenirs gifts They got wine you can drink beer on the sidewalk and walk down the street popcorn fudge over the top and later But first we're gonna grab some lunch. We're gonna try the place across the street the Oslender beer Garten Hopefully it's a little bit on the cooler side that one was just a little bit warm and kind of stuffy and pretty quiet, huh? No going that place to a little bit too warm for me inside also I think for Claire, huh attempt number five Hopefully it is air-conditioned. We're not so hot inside Claire bird you want to do the honors It looks hot Yeah, so we got an order of a fried okra as an appetizer You can feel the heat rating off but here we go. Here's the main event We got the sausage German sausage plate two different kinds of sausages some kind of potatoes red Cabbage pickled kraut stuff and then we got regular sauerkraut and of course a yellow mustard and one hungry Claire bear What do you think about the potatoes? They're so yummy. I don't know they're they're sweet, huh? So we don't know what kind of we have to look on the menu, but these potatoes and sweet kind of flavor How do you like that red cabbage Yummy, which one's which I don't know. That's a Buckwurst and this is a other I don't know I think that's one that I have Yeah, bratwurst or just a dirt that's a dousel door the red cabbage right here Like a sweet flavor to it Now it's my turn Right Now we're having a sausage fight My gosh, well she was delicious and right across right next to our Um Restaurant place down there is a fudge place, so we're gonna get some fudge or at least sample some Claire what'd you get? Yep It was pretty rich, huh? Yeah So no joke. I just found my pink flamingos So great news finally in Texas discovered the pink flamingos. However, what is a bad news? No, it's clothes. That's so sad Packages of a chopped spinach added some some seasoning to it. There's a you know Southern seasoning the Louisiana seasoning a little pepper Claire bear Isn't it? It's super lean and super healthy So I guess you could substitute turkey for this you could do, you know a little butter Garlic onion mushroom saute a little red wine and then mix item with the the Elk or turkey or any kind of ground something lean because that the spinach makes up for the lack of moisture Anyways, I'm gonna call it a day Had a pretty fun day in Fredericksburg with this Pretty fun little munchkin Claire bear This is our last night together. I know big thumbs down for that one, but I'll see Claire bear at some point somewhere


Good morning everybody I'm Tommy O'Brien coming to you live from T F N N Monday morning 9am 30 minutes to go until the start of the trading week and we got markets in positive territory how about an SMP up by 40 points trading at 31 68 Nasdaq futures continue to charge higher up 130 points trading 10,045 the Dow up 377 26,136 all the major indices up about one and a quarter percent to 1.5 percent in the Dow we get the old contract down five pennies at 40 60 gold catching a bid over the last couple hours up $5 at 1795 silver up 35 cents at 1867 and notes and bonds a little bit of lower price the 10 year minus seven ticks at 138 27 the 30 year minus 23 ticks at 177 17 you're looking at a 10 year yield right now just under 0.7% Asia having quite a night overnight as they're talking about in the chat on the YouTube channel folks head on over to YouTube you can always find us there subscribe to our channel for T F N N they're talking about Shanghai about Shanghai up 5.7% last night how about the HSI 3.8% Nikkei up 1.8% as far as Europe you're the DAX up 1.7% at footsie up 1.7 and the cac up 1.7 as well we jump over to our markets the S&Ps now up 41 points at 31 70 as you can see we've been sitting at these levels since about midnight eastern time the market just creeping on higher price and cues up 133 there's your action as well made it to a highest 10,504 we'll jump around to some equities this morning with movement come on lots going on in the market let's go Uber they are buying postmates whoops you be are for a deal at 2.6 billion dollars all stock the market like in that from about 30 68 to 33 25 right now on uber shares and Tesla it just don't stop Tesla getting a price upgrade he was like 13 something higher prices folks Tesla higher prices that's the bottom line Tesla up $70 right now at 12 0 8 66 you just can't hold down Mr. Elon Musk in no way and why not we'll jump over to Amazon Amazon looking to open your record territory as well Microsoft actually gonna open in record territory MSFT records was Friday we're gonna open at 209 31 and Apple right up there near record territory as well gonna open at about 369 372 the all-time high on Apple stay tuned folks we got a man Larry Pezzamento coming up live next live programming all day at tfnn and don't forget that tiger dollar sale in today on the front page at tfnn.com look at that tiger dollars before they expire thanks for


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we discussed the following question which says, a cell phone was marked at 20% above the cost price and a discount of 10% was given on its marked price. Find the gain or loss person made by the shopkeeper. First let's recall the formula for gain. Gain is equal to selling price S P minus the cost price C P then gain percent is equal to gain upon the cost price C P into 100% then discount is equal to discount percent of the marked price M P and selling price S P is equal to the marked price M P minus discount. This is the key idea to be used in this question. Now let's move on to the solution. We assume let the cost price C P be equal to rupees 100. Now as given in the question that the marked price of the C P is at 20% above the cost price. So then we have the marked price M P would be equal to rupees 120 since it's 20% above the cost price. Now we are given the discount percent as 10%. So now discount is equal to the discount percent that is 10% of the marked price M P. This is equal to 10 upon 100 into the marked price that is rupees 120 and this is equal to rupees 12. This is the discount given on the cell phone. So selling price is equal to M P that is the marked price minus discount from here we get selling price S P is equal to the marked price which is rupees 120 minus discount rupees 12 and this is equal to rupees 108. This is the selling price. Now you see that selling price is rupees 108 and the cost price is rupees 100. So selling price S P is more than the cost price C P. So we say that there is a gain and this gain is equal to selling price S P minus the cost price C P, which is equal to rupees 108 minus rupees 100 and this is equal to rupees 8 is the gain. Now next we find out the gain percent. This is equal to gain that is 8 upon the cost price which is 100 into 100% that is gain percent is equal to 8%. So final answer is 8%. So this completes the session. Hope you have understood the solutions for this question.


The Senate also raised the urgent need for security agencies to investigate what led to the Tupper Bank robbery on Friday, October 20. The robbery incident claimed the lives of nearly eight persons, including four police personnel. It called for the explanation behind the lack of intelligence and alertness on the part of the police on the day of the attack. The Nigerian Senate has asked the President Bola Tinobu led federal government to construct a dust-in-house dam with a view of finding a permanent solution to the perennial flooding crisis in the country by making budgetary provisions beginning with the 2024 federal budget. To avoid impending disasters that come along with such a flood crisis, the lawmakers also called on the federal government through the inland waterways authority to dredge the River Benway, River Niger and other river tributaries all the way to Lakdodam in cooperation with the Republic of Cameroon. The Senate's resolution was in response to a motion presented during plenary titled Urgent Need to address the recurring issue of flood-induced damages caused by the willful release of water from the Lakdodam in Cameroon with which was sponsored by Senator Beno's Ya Rui and 16 others. Contributing to the debate, all lawmakers emphasized that the dredging of the River Benway would bring a permanent solution to the problem.


Welcome to the Control-M Using Priority and Critical Job Parameters video. In this video, you will learn about the Priority and Critical Job Parameters and how these parameters can help you control the submission order of jobs and reserve or hold resources for critical jobs. Before viewing this video, we recommend that you view our videos about control and quantitative resources. First, we'll talk about using the Priority Parameter. The Priority Parameter is helpful when you have a shortage of resources or a limited amount of resources, and you want more important jobs to run first during the same general timeframe as the jobs that are less important, for example, during the day. You can control the order in which jobs are submitted and also control a job's access to a quantitative resource or an exclusive control resource by using the Priority Parameter to assign a priority level. Let's look at an example that shows how a quantitative resource can be reserved for urgent jobs using priority levels. In this example, we have four jobs that all run on the same machine. This machine has one gigabyte of memory, and each job uses one gigabyte of memory. Therefore, only one job can run on the machine at one time. A quantitative resource was created for the machine's memory with a quantity of one, and all four jobs have one quantity of the resource. In this example, the ATM job is the most urgent job. So to make sure this job runs first, you would select the highest priority level for this job. The payroll job is the second most urgent job, so you would select the next priority level for this job. The other two jobs are not urgent. It doesn't matter which one runs next, so you wouldn't select a priority level for them. Let's look at how you select priority levels for jobs and how the jobs in this example will run in Control-M. Here are the jobs from the example. Let's assign priority levels to the ATM and payroll jobs. The priority parameter is located in the general tab of the job parameters at the bottom of the pane. In the drop-down list, there are five priority levels that you can assign to a job, from very high to very low. If you need more than five levels of priority for your jobs, you can use a range of letters and numbers. See the Control-M help for more information. For the ATM job, we'll select very high. And for the payroll job, we'll select the next level, high. The remaining two jobs don't get any priority, and we see that all the jobs use the quantitative resource for the memory. Let's order the jobs. We see that the ATM job runs first, followed by the payroll job, and the remaining jobs run in a random order. A few things to note about how priority levels work. A job's priority level is taken into account or recognized, only when the job's prerequisites are satisfied and it is within its scheduled timeframe. Meaning, if a job uses more than one resource, and one of the resources is not available, a job with a lower priority whose resources are available will run first. If you want to make sure that the high priority job does run first, you can select the critical checkbox which we'll learn about shortly. If a job has inconditions and these conditions are not met, or a job is not yet within its scheduled timeframe, a job with a lower priority may run first. Now let's talk about the critical parameter. When you select the critical checkbox for a job, the job gets preferential treatment in the allocation of resources, meaning that ControlM reserves or holds the resources for the job as they become available, even when other jobs are also waiting for the resource. When all of the jobs inconditions are met, the job is submitted. Let's look at an example where we have five jobs, two jobs with dependencies, and three jobs without dependencies. All the jobs use the same quantitative resource, and the maximum amount of the resource is four. The jobs use different amounts of the resource. Jobs one and two both use two units of the resource, and the remaining jobs use either three or four units of the resource. Job two will be our critical job. Because job two is critical and has a dependency on job one, job one will run first. And while job one is running, two units of the resource are being reserved for job two. This means that all units of the resource, four, are being used so that the other jobs have to wait until job two has completed before they can run. Let's look at how you mark a job as critical and how the jobs in this example will run and control them. In our example, job two is critical, so in the general tab of the job properties, in the priority area at the bottom of the pane, we'll select the critical checkbox. The quantitative resources have already been selected for these jobs, and are the same as in the example we just talked about. The amount of units is indicated in the job name. Let's order the jobs and see what happens. We see that job one runs first because job two is dependent on job one, and then job two runs. The other jobs run in a random order. You can use the priority and critical job parameters together to further prioritize critical jobs. The order of precedence when using these two parameters together is as follows. The highest priority you can set is very high with critical. Next is high with critical, followed by high without critical, and so forth. Selecting the critical checkbox always increases the priority level. Let's look at how jobs will run and control them when using the critical and priority parameters together. We'll use the same set of jobs that we used for the critical parameter example. This time, job four has the critical parameter selected, and its priority is very high. Job five also has critical selected, and its priority is medium. And job two has critical selected with no priority level selected. Let's order the jobs. We see that job four runs first, job five second, next job one to satisfy the incondition for job two, then job two, and last job three. Thanks for watching this video.


Hey everybody welcome back to the channel today. I'm going to be taking a look at Linux Lite version 5.4 now this is a version of Linux that is based on Ubuntu's latest long-term support and it's meant for people who are New to Linux who maybe are also running machines that are Lightweight, I'm not gonna say our like low-end because I don't think that Linux Lite is actually like Completely the lowest end you go in terms of a link to show that's meant for older hardware It has quite a few modern features in it that we'll see as we jump in here. So let's jump into it and See just how light Linux Lite is Now we're gonna be installing this in a virtual machine, so I've already set up the The machine here, so we should be able to just get it started and And we'll start Linux Lite. Oops. I got actually yep That screen that we just saw there was typical of an Ubuntu install it wasn't quite as neatly Designed because normally the text that's up there at the top is in the center and there's like an icon Why they made it like that? I'm not sure but it was okay. It checks for errors in the install medium It has a startup sound Now I'm not actually sure what desktop environment. This is this is probably Alex cute. I would guess Before we just install it. Let's find out if Neo Fetch is here No, I'm just curious what the desktop environment is because curiously you can't find that information on their website I looked alright, so actually this is Xfce Interesting, okay, um, I should probably should have recognized that from the beginning It's very well designed for an Xfce thing because normally the Xfce stuff out of the box is kind of Textured it has layers upon it. This is all very very flat kind of like Alex cute Or what at least what I remember Alex cute being but this is Xfce. So that's cool Why they don't promote that on their website or at least I didn't find it on their website So they do have their own custom logo, which is cool. All right, so let's go ahead and install this thing. Shall we? Interestingly their welcome app does not actually show you or prompt you to install the thing itself So we're gonna have to close that and Click on the thing on the desktop That right there is probably not the most user-friendly thing now. This is calamaris. It looks like This might be and oh, this isn't calamaris. That's dumb. This is the ubiquities installer It's just prettier than the ubiquities installer. I didn't And I'm not expecting the ubiquity installer to look be, you know pretty There's no minimal option here, but I'm assuming it's because it's meant to be minimum minimal, you know On on its own. It does have the experimental ZFS Thing here, but we're not gonna use that. We'll just go and install it Continue New York is fine and we'll name this light VM Because why not? Matt is fine We'll create a strong and complicated password. You know, hopefully DT hasn't Trademarked that If so, I've just copyright infringed DT All right, we're installing. We'll see how long this takes through. It's at seven forty five Okay, that took about three and a half minutes. So not very long at all Let's go ahead and what I'm going to do is go ahead and Continue testing here and then shut down properly that way I can remove the install medium from virtual box instead of restarting because now All the time will virtual box remove it properly We're just gonna shut down here And then we'll do this stuff here. Oops. I was gonna I was gonna delete it completely that would have been Matt you're starting the video over Oh Here we go. Oh this time it removed it Sometimes it does sometimes it doesn't and really I can never figure out why it does and or when it will and when it won't It's very weird. I'm sure something that I'm doing wrong. All right. Here we go looking at startup times Okay First of all that wallpaper.  Oh Yeah, I'm not impressed with the wallpaper. We're gonna change that almost immediately Desktop settings me. Yeah, I think so that's my that's so much better Okay, before we get started on anything, let's start up a terminal here and see just how light this is So we're gonna do free dash M And we're looking at 608 megs out of the box Now I did start up that wallpaper thing. So it's possible that that's taking up a little bit of room I don't understand why that would stay running in the background, but it's possible the welcome app is here running as well So that will be taking up some space 608 megs is not the lowest I've ever seen so there I've seen some Xfce things that have gone down to 300s I've seen Alex cute down in the 300s Obviously if you're running just a stock window manager a lot of the times you're gonna get down to the 300s But 608 it's not huge It's not the gigabyte plus that you'll often expect to see with something like GNOME or something like that. So Not terrible. Let's look at the kernel. So you name dash a So we're running the Linux kernel 5.4 Which is the previous LTS Kernel release and the one that came with the Ubuntu LTS as well So I don't use Ubuntu so it might be possible that the 5.10 kernel has been back ported to the LTS I'm not sure. So That's something you might have to keep in mind So if you want obviously if you're looking for the latest and greatest you're probably not going to be looking at Linux light This is meant to be something that's uber stable something like Debian stable or Obviously the Ubuntu LTS these are these things are meant to be workhorses that you just let sit for a long time You know on your computer until the next LTS comes out. So we can close that now So here we got the oh the welcome app So let's just see we can make it a little bit bigger. So we install updates install drivers set a restore point Install language support and select darker light things. Let's try that first we're gonna Okay, so dark theme applied I Would say that's not true At least the least the welcome app does not seem to be in the dark mode. Let's let's open up Thunar here So Thunar did go to the dark theme. Now. This is the the adapter GTK thing. I believe So I've always thought that that was very good looking so Interestingly enough it does not go to that p-color yellow background that they decided to choose so I'm gonna come back to that wallpaper quite often. So let's see if there's like a back button.  I Don't need to go through do any of that stuff online support help menu now supposed to leave the help menu manual Help menu help manual Has been updated for this release now Obviously, I mean that seems like an obvious thing, but supposedly it's different than it was before Now I can't actually go through and tell you whether or not that that's true And whether or not that applies to this online version or if that's just the One that's located on the computer, which I actually don't see So supposedly it's located on the system Right here. It's located right here Because yeah, these are exactly the same, which is good. All right, so you this is the online version This is the one that's located on your system. So start here. I'm not actually gonna go through and do a lot of this Actually, you want I bet you this is on their website and this is where it lists as X FCE is the desktop environment Yeah, okay, I did I Did go through and look on their website to see what desktop environment they were using and granted I should have recognized this is X FCE right away Because I like X FCE, but That flat look to it makes it look like LXQ to me But you got to remember I haven't also used LXQ in ages. So I might just be making this up in my mind It may be a complete figment of my imagination, which is so that's completely possible Anyways, the help manual supposedly is one of the things that was a big focus of this release and it looks highly extensive so if you're New to Linux chances are this manual here will be something that will really help you And I'll show you how to go through and install software and How it has synaptic that's interesting as a package manager Because synaptic is not what you would call new user friendly. It's just not all right Well, we're gonna explore the sub the software here in just a second We'll finish it with the welcome app hardware database you at UEFI and secure boot Contribute so there's not I mean, it's a nice looking welcome app, but not necessarily I mean, what do you want from a welcome app? It has the help manual. It has the the buttons you want to get started on That's really all you need. So we'll close that so We talked about the changed user manual But another thing that supposedly has changed is an updated version of the papyrus icon theme Again, that's one of those things where I just don't know enough about it to tell you whether or not This is actually something that looks different than it did last time or not, but I've always liked the papyrus icon theme It's always been what very well put together.  Oh, I need to write that one down. That's good So we got 10 new wallpapers, which we looked at here a few minutes ago Which 10 those are I you know who the hell knows? Let's see if we can actually look at that touch target was not very great These wallpapers Wait a minute what the I Somebody's getting sued seriously that is seriously it was a Miller light is at the Miller light logo, but with Linux light Interestingly That's interesting. Okay. That's a cool wallpaper So they have a couple really cool wallpapers here these ones here in the center with the Linux light logo Some of them are not bad the dark ones here aren't bad these yellow ones. Don't use those.  I mean nobody ever I mean seriously suicide doors look cool, but Not functional in the least I don't think This is gonna bang your head on those you know you will anyways you can close that Okay, so the rest of the changes in this particular version of Linux light appear to be with UEFI and incremental updates to Certain applications, so let's go ahead and go through some of the apps shall we all right So we're gonna go start here with my computer, which is just a list of all the their your folders, which is interesting to have there this is This is the but is it was this the brisk menu is that why that's called? I guess what that's called So we got the settings here at the top Color profiles desktop disks. This is GNOME disks firewall Configuration, so that's probably setting up ufw night light auto login Like desktop wait, wait a minute. Hold on a second. Oh, so this Will allow you to choose what desktop icons are on the desktop? Okay, so I was kind of hoping that was actually gonna Let you choose the desktop environment. That'd be cool scrolling down a little bit more Network shares. That's gonna be like Samba probably light software. So this tool is Easily installed to remove popular software. So let's see what this actually is Would you like to update your software sources now sure So we're gonna install some software Okay, so this is a custom tool obviously So I could you can hit the control key to install multiple. That's cool So that kind of reminds me if you use Pamac on arch you can go through and install multiple things at the same time Games pack. These are things like genie handbrake Hi device manager instant messenger Cody music player nitro chair OBS is here Packet password manager. This is so this is key past xc. Okay, play on Linux redshift is here simple screen recorder Skype sound use your Spotify steam Because this is based on a boom to you'd expect your software selection to be very robust and it is so pretty much any Pieces of software that you want you'll be able to get right through here So this means you don't have to go through and use synaptic if you don't want to so You can also remove software using the same tool. That's cool I always I don't have any software here installed that we can just close that that's a neat little thing It reminds me a little bit of that apt center at the app center thing that MX Linux No, it wasn't MX like it was sparky. I Think it was sparky that has that anyways Kind of reminds me of that accessories we got archive manager backups That's probably is that gonna be like time shift. Maybe I don't know not actually sure about backups This note. This is deja-dupe Okay, so that's a good one deja-dupe. It's always been really good for making Copies of your disks are backing up and stuff calculator file search fonts screenshot Probably this is probably the XFC screenshot shooter yet thing. Yep Let's see graphics we have gimp installed pre-installed this is going to be Genome photos maybe no, there's a shot. Well, okay shot. Well Okay, so that's a that's another big program. It's very very popular Paint which is probably like an MS paint clone We have Firefox and we have Thunderbird for mail multimedia. We have VLC and pulse audio So that's something that's really nice so far that I've seen There aren't like six Ways of playing media. This is just VLC and that's the way it should be. I mean You should either have MPV on here or you should have VLC in here You really don't need both. You don't need any of the other things now if you want a Application that manages a music library, then you can have something like lollipop or whatever on there as well I guess that would make sense But a lot of distros you find you download them and they have like four different ways of playing a multimedia file And it's just complete bloat. Just choose one. It doesn't matter which one you choose We have Libre office here and That's pretty much it so in terms of package selection Very well done. I feel there's nothing here that overlaps with anything else There are tools that you're for sure going to use. I mean everybody installs game for the most part Everyone has some kind of photo manager depending on what they use Everyone obviously uses I was gonna say like everybody uses firepocket, but that's not true Everyone has a web browser and a mail client install that they want to use whether these are not at least you're not seeing something That's two different mail clients or something and you know, I've seen that before so like I said application selection is very very good And it's it in is minimal. So that's what you'd expect with something with light in the name So let's take a look at the settings. So this is the XFC settings panel. There's not gonna be a ton here that is going to be Unusual we'll look at the themes that are installed. We got adapt a note nocto that that's I Believe that was first popularized like but Was it men Jaro that first popularized popularized it? I'm not sure At a wait, uh, which nobody knows how to pronounce correctly graybird Which is going to be your Redmond version But slightly modernized it looks like so if you remember the Redmond theme that are that's on a lot of these is Like the windows 98 kind of thing, but this has dark dark version high contrast And we'll go back here Yeah, that so not a ton of themes installed but Definitely ones that are good looking so we for icons at a way to eat papyrus gnome. They should really just get rid of that No one Those are crazy icons High concrete high contrast Humanity humanity dark logon icons papyrus adapter. These are all versions of the papyrus and then the boom to mono So those are the boom to the really old Ubuntu Icons that they you they haven't used in Quite a while. Okay, so interestingly you pop up on you hover over something you get a cool pop up That's cool. All right We'll go back to all settings. I don't think there's anything else here that we hold on a second Hold the phone light tweaks. What this what is this? Okay, so like the task you was to perform and then click the bigging button so Boot up fix this restores the boot up a splash stream for the next light clear memory So this is free up memory memory on your system default web browser display over our disk usage Firefox cache Hibernate suspend hostname kernel install so this will allow you to install specific kernels Which is cool. Not all distros come up with something like that You sometimes you have to just use the terminal to do it Locate large files large log archives login and layout options manage safe session num lock settings package system repair preload apps System D log cleaner So this is the nerdy stuff. So this kind of reminds you of like it has some of the stuff that you'd see in like bleach bit or something whisper menu even tells you Things that you could absolutely mess up your system with so if you want changing your hostname or Messing around with the kernels always going to need to be proceeded with caution So that's cool that it warns you so you can tell that they're very much trying to Aim this towards new users But also allow them to kind of spread their wings a little bit and you know Get into the nitty gritty Details of linux and tweak things because I mean that's what elix is all about being able to tweak stuff So this is really cool. I really that's really I mean when I first thought saw linux or light tweaks here I just figured it was going to be something like a gnome tweaks So yeah, that's cool Light welcome light user manager light widget. What is that? Enable light loot. So that's just a that's a conky Okay close cool Nothing else here that really catches my fancy. So I think that that's going to be it That's the first look at linux light version 5.4 now It even says in the release announcement that this is a very modest release So I believe now. I've never tried linux light before. So this is my first time I'm pretty sure that They're not the kind of distro that goes through and radically changes stuff every time they do a release So that's not what they're meant to be. They're meant to be very stable And something that's very much aimed towards someone who's not used linux all that much or who's not as familiar with the other desktop environments like Ubuntu You know using their good version of gnome or regular gnome or even kde which is can be very very Overwhelming for new users. So I was highly impressed with linux light now Is this something that I would use No mostly because I'd missed a you are I guess that's the reason why I mean in terms of This or zubuntu? So that's the that's the real question is use this or zubuntu And I think that if you're using if you're on a system that has Not a very big hard drive This is the one that would be better to go with because it has fewer programs if you install a zubuntu You're gonna get quite a bit more I haven't used zubuntu in quite a while So It's possible that it's not as heavy as you know, I seem to be remembering But I probably it's gonna have at least a little bit more in terms of pre-installed applications You're also gonna have to put up with things like the gnome software center and snaps and stuff like that That's not something now. I didn't actually go through and look and see I'm assuming that linux light Uses snap as well. So let's go ahead and find out here pseudo snap install mail spring Okay, so snap is not installed. So Let's see if I remember how to install flat pack a few moments later Oh, and I spelled it wrong. I can't spell with the dam All right, so flat pack isn't installed either. So Neither snap or flat pack. So Going back to what I was saying earlier If you're choosing between zubuntu and this if you're looking for an xfce base distro And it's meant to be running on hardware. That's either not powerful or doesn't have a lot of storage Linux light seems to be the one that you should choose because it has way fewer options in terms of or as way fewer Applications pre-installed because we need to go to a zoom zubuntu. I'm pretty sure you're gonna get snap installed Just out of the box. So that's the thing. Anyways, thanks for watching Make sure you subscribe to us and make sure you follow us on twitter at the linux cast at the at the facebook at the linux cast You can also support us on patreon at patreon.com slash linux cast. I My words today just did not like working very much I took the day off yesterday for the from a real video and Man, can I it's like one day just complete rust? Anyways, I'd like to thank you to take a moment to thank our Patrons tevon marcus maiglin mark marik and camp Words i'm telling you guys does i words are hard I I needed to hang it up and take a nap. Thank you for watching. Thank you for support. I'll see you next time


As a bartender, how many drinks do you, the viewer, think I need to know how to make in order to do my job well? Seriously, take some time to think about it, I'll wait. Ready? The correct answer is two. It's true. There are only two drinks a skilled bartender needs to know. Sours and Aromatics. Now, of course, I'm over-simplifying. Good bartenders need to know how to make hundreds of drinks, but most drinks fall easily into two categories. Drinks with some sort of citrus juice, or sours, and drinks that are all alcohol. Aromatics. No, a whiskey sour is not a Tom Collins, and yes, the old-fashioned Manhattan and Negroni are very different drinks, and while we're at it, flips and high balls don't fall into either category, but the vast majority of cocktails do. Which raises the question. If you want a boozy Aromatic cocktail with a citrus note, you can't use lemon juice because it'll compromise the thick, silky texture of the drink. So what do you do? Enter Nardini Citrone Lacour. Citrone is an original citrus and is the ancestor of lemons and limes, both of which are hybrids. Light nose, otherwise it smells more or less the way you think it would. Very lemony and very sweet. Honestly, it tastes like those lemon heads candies I was hooked on as a kid. It's also a fix I've been looking for for a long time. I've been trying to make cocktails based on desserts that I've had, most of which contain lemon curd or some other sort of lemon extract, and now I have an ingredient to plug into those experiments. Now let's make a drink. This is a 50-50 martini, but instead of equal parts gin and vermouth, I split the vermouth with a Citrone Lacour. I'll leave the recipe below. No, this is not my drink. I stole it from this guy. Beautiful. Perfect drink for warm afternoon. Drive-remove balances with the nardini. Great drink. Let's make another. Drink number two. This one's bourbon, fernette, and the Citrone. That is a stiff drink. Again, very well balanced. The sweet lemonyness of the Citrone is not overpowered by the fernette, and the bourbon provides a really solid foundation. Orange zest rounds it out. I am not going to lie, I just kind of farted this one out and it came out really good. Yeah, I would definitely have this one again. I'm going to make it with chocolate bitters next time. If you liked it, hit like. Consider subscribing if you haven't already, and if there's something you think I should try, let me know in the comments. Stay safe, follow the advice professionals, and I hope the rest of your day is as good as mine is about to be. Stay safe, follow the advice professionals, and I hope you enjoy the rest of your day as about to bed. ****


Today's story is from the culture of Draupadi from the Ginji region in Tamil Nadu which is supposed to be the center of the Draupadi stories. This one is a version of the jeer haran or the disrobing of Draupadi. Angarama had acquired such superior knowledge that she could defeat in discussions the greatest pundits of her time. These men did not like to lose in arguments and discussions to a young girl and so they decided to put together a plan to disgrace her in public. And so for this purpose they presented her with a beautiful smooth cloth to wear as a sari which would when she put it on her body slip unawares from her waist and make her appear naked in front of everybody. Angarama accepted their present but understanding their intentions she put it on in such a manner that it would not slip and then thus attired she entered the assembly where she managed to defeat an argument all of these men who had attempted to dishonor her. Now there's no way of knowing whether this is the original version of the story or a later version but those of you who've read the Mahabharati remember one of the Kaurav brothers later on in the story saying a few times actually that he believes that Draupadi had suspected what they were going to do to her which is why that plan hadn't worked because she had tied her sari in such a way that it would not come off. But whether it's original or later I absolutely love this story because I love stories of intelligent women who know how to look off to themselves and these are the stories that we need to be telling more.


I invite you to do one thing with me. Take a deep breath in. Then, breathe out. We breathe in oxygen, breathe out carbon dioxide, and other waste. In this waste, there are hundreds of biomarkers, the chemical trace that can be slow to how healthy you are, or not. If we can precisely measure these biomarkers in breath, we can constantly monitor our physical health condition and diagnosed disease, without any invasive process like needles. For example, the high level of phacetone in breath indicates diabetes. And there are more than 1.4 million diabetes in Australia, and that costs people a lot. To make it worse, most of patients have to do daily blood tests to monitor the blood sugar level. And my research aim to replace this painful blood test to a simple breath test. But breath is a complex mixture of gases, and we need a sensor that is very sensitive and reliable. So I designed and create a nanowire sensor to detect the acetone in our breath. Nanowire is a tiny, very structure, and a hundred times thinner than human hair. And I should say I grow the nanowire. I guide the growth of crystal in a specialized chamber, which is run by a digital machine that I write computer code for to tune the growth condition in the chamber, encouraging the crystal to form a highly-ordered nanostructure. What I end up with is a bunch of nanowire with exactly the same size and shape. And this nanowire absorbs acetone easily. And when you breathe on this nanowire sensor, a chemical reaction happens. The electron moves from acetone molecule to the nanowire and making it more conductive. We know there is acetone in breath because we can measure the electricity change in the nanowire. And my research has produced the nanowire sensor that can tell you whether you have diabetes. Of course, this is not the end of story. Next, I will insert this nanowire sensor into a whistle-like structure so patients can directly breathe in to monitor the acetone level.  In the future, your wasted breath might just help us blow disease away.