YouTube team keep it clean What's going on? It's engraving here with another video and In this video We're here to talk about the game that we just finished watching between the Eagles and the Redskins this was an NFC East showdown and It started as a showdown Then it started to turn into Something a little bit short of a massacre Um, but anyway First and foremost, but let me before I even introduce myself Let me congratulate all the Eagles fans out there big shout out to my god pot see big shout out to all the Eagles fans out there Man, I'm really I'm a Ravens fan. I'm really happy for y'all though, man. I'm really happy for y'all I'm happy that y'all are having success. I'm happy that you do y'all are just enjoying this right now, man And I hope it continues to me. I hope y'all continue to do good this season I'm happy for y'all like watching that guy is it got me hype for y'all, man Just seeing them have success man. It's nice. It's nice Seeing Carson Wentz play out of his mind is this a beautiful thing, man But anyway, let me introduce myself really quick before we get into this me I mean Graven vids and this is my YouTube channel engraving vids and I'm a Ravens fan Like I said, but on this channel as you can see we talk about each and every NFL team So if you a Ravens if you're a Ravens fan, you can subscribe Or if you're not if you were Eagles fan if you a Redskins fan, you can subscribe if you just a fan of football You love to talk about football This is the perfect YouTube channel for you.  Leave a like on a video too.  They weren't letting them do anything But they weren't letting the Eagles do anything for the most part in the beginning of the game and then Things things just started clicking for Eagles things just started clicking Wentz and that offense They just got it turned on they got it turned on out of nowhere, and that was it. That was it. That was it That was it something that I noticed about This team who meets they thought seeing a quarterback though multiple touchdowns make me depressed I mean, it's tough. It is it makes us Ravens fans very jealous very jealous Seeing a team actually have each other's back One thing that I did notice about this game before we get into it though the thing that kind of killed this game Two things two big things Penalties and injuries injuries more so than penalties, but penalties and injuries It seemed like every series every drive somebody was going down every single drive, man That's what it seemed like it was always somebody hurt and again like I always say about football That's the worst part about football man worst part about football is injuries, and I hate that I hate that If I could eliminate one thing in the game of football one thing in a game of football It would be injuries. It will be injuries That's it. It will be injuries if I could eliminate one thing But anyway, like I was saying in this game. It's nice to It's nice when you see teams that have each other's back when you see teammates that have each other's back When you see different parts of the the three phases of football have each other's back See Every soccer you got to keep it clean in here, man. Got to keep it clean in him Let me remove that comment got to keep it clean my friend But anyway, it's nice to see teammates of all three phases of the game have each other's back now When I say that what I mean you saw it in this game by the Eagles the Redskins defense They were taking care of the Eagles. They were taking care of the Eagles holding them out of the end zone The score was like I think what was it 10-3 for a little while? They were holding them out of the end zone But Eagles defense even though Eagles offense wasn't doing anything the Eagles defense was keeping them in the game because they They held the Redskins to 10 for a while. It was 10-3 for a little while. It's all good in me soccer It was oh boy posse posse Congrats, man. I'm happy for you man But it was 10-3 for a little while and the the Eagles offense wasn't doing anything But their defense was keeping them in the game by keeping the Redskins out of the end zone, too So what ended up happening?  We know you guys are gonna come around and what happened Causing when so he just throws like four touchdowns. That's it. Nothing major Wow, man Wow Second-year guy. I remember I said it last year. I said it last year a couple times I like Carson Wentz, but I thought he was gonna be a lot better I thought he's gonna be a pretty good quarterback, but I thought he's gonna be a lot better in his third year Not yet. I said in a couple years from last year. So that's two years a couple is two You know how a couple boyfriend girlfriend husband wife couple that's two So I said he was gonna be good in a couple years meaning to And but what is he doing?  He is shutting me up He's good now. He's been playing great now. I know it's only what's been only been seven weeks I don't care because if if a quarterback is playing bad through the first seven weeks We're gonna say he's playing bad now So give Carson Wentz his proper credit since he is playing great right now. He is playing great I love it. I love watching Eagles games, man My boy vegan king he mentioned earlier on Twitter He said um, and if you want to follow me on Twitter, it's engraving vids But he mentioned on Twitter. He said Nelson Aguilar is playing with a lot more confidence this year He's catching a lot of passes that last year. He would have dropped Say hey, that's Carson Wentz man. That's Carson Wentz now he has been Again, like I want to go back to it real quick. It's nice. Whoa emisaka. That's very that's completely incorrect That's false. That's a lie my guy emisaka I don't know if you just wanted me to say this on stream or what? Emisaka said the Ravens are still better than the Eagles. They are definitely not So yeah, you do you might need to be drug tested. You may need to be drug tested. Maybe just maybe But anyway, they almost beat Ravens last year Ravens got lucky on that game. They almost lost to the Eagles last year Eagles. They were already out of the playoffs They didn't have anything to play for last year So on the at the very end of the game the Eagles just got they scored a touchdown So they were going for the two-point conversion, I believe they scored the touchdown and then if they would have got The extra point it would have went into overtime if they would have got the two-point conversion They would have won they went for two. They didn't have anything to lose and CJ mode costum went to drop back through the past but CJ Moseley barely tipped it and save that game Save that game. But anyway anyway Shout out to this team man Shout out to this team man Shout out to this team Redskins fans. I mean, I wouldn't I wouldn't freak out or nothing Y'all will be fine. But right now the Eagles are better. Oh and shout out to the Eagles because they just They just swept the Redskins. They swept them They swept them they went we talked about this in the in the preview for this game a couple days ago We talked about this game We we potty had brought out and he brought out in the last stream about the Eagles and Redskins the preview for this game He brought out that in week one. I think I think he said they beat them like 31 17 I believe he brought it out that they beat them 31 17 and then what I said Just to piggyback off of that was that it's When you play one a division opponent since you played them twice a year when you play a division opponent and You beat them in their house.  It wasn't no last second win no game when it field goal It wasn't a game that um that oh it was just decided in the last couple of seconds or the last 30 seconds of the game. No It was decided going into the last five minutes of the game last 10 minutes of the game, but um They beat the Redskins convincingly at at the Redskins house So going in going into this game. They had an advantage already because they're playing at home They're playing at home Monday night football. They already got all this this hype this excitement behind the team and what do they do? They deliver they deliver they deliver These dudes delivered Anthony cursed it. I've been an Eagles fan for 11 years proud to see us doing well again. When it's just the white version. I'm gonna have Westbrook is my favorite all-time running back whose minds hmm That's a tough question now. I had to think about that one. That's a good question That's a that's a real good question. I'm gonna have to think about that one I had to put that on questions from subscribers maybe but um wintz Shout out to wintz couple of plays. I want to talk about with wintz real quick Couple of plays that really are starting to separate him from a lot of other quarterbacks And really quick make sure you leave a like on the video if you haven't already It's 35 people and hit with only 18 lights y'all make sure I click that thumbs up button But really quick I can't do Super Bowl predictions because I stopped doing that because this NFL is just too wacky It's too wacky week to week these different teams some look good some look great then some look bad some look terrible Then it just flips every single week So I stopped doing the inner the Super Bowl predictions because I don't know I don't know it. You can't tell But really quick couple plays from Carson wintz that I noticed that separate him from a lot of other quarterbacks You can tell that this dude He loves football now a Lot of y'all yet Kirk Cousins is nice too man. He gonna get paid definitely you can tell Carson wintz loves football He loves football now some of y'all might be thinking engraving. What are you talking about? Of course, of course He loves football. He's playing. He's getting paid millions of dollars to play a game, of course But no this guy loves football It's some players that get paid a lot more than Carson wintz and it doesn't seem like they love football I'm not gonna name any names, but I'm sure y'all gonna put it in the comments section I will be sure to see the names of who y'all think I'm referring to but anyway Carson wintz loves football and you can tell that he puts his heart into the game Now the first play I want to talk about Was that Was that the touchdown he threw While he was cramped in that pocket and while he was getting hit the dude I don't know how he completed that pass shout out to that running back who caught that pass in the back of the end zone That thing was beautiful. Carson wintz was facing pressure He got hit on the play was sort of kind of like falling down a little bit and he threw the ball at me soccer Come on man. That's two times man. I don't want to have to block you. I know you come through every stream I don't want to have to block you man. You just said you just apologized for cursing now. You cursed again How real was that apology anyway? Carson wintz threw that he threw the touchdown and The and while he was getting hit while he was falling to the ground and it was just well No, he didn't actually fall but he was kind of stumbling and whatever it looked like it was just gonna be a throwaway Play but it ended up being a touchdown. Oh, it's just like wow Carson, why you got to make us so jealous man It was that play and then the play that that topped off that play to me I know not to a lot of y'all but to me the play that I liked even more than that touchdown play Was I think it was it was third and short. I believe I think it was like third and two something like that It was like third and two so It was they were in shotgun wintz fake the handoff to um Legere blunt he faked the handoff to oh it's third and eight. It was that long. Okay. Appreciate that Joey So you already know what play I'm talking about. So he faked the handoff to legere blunt legere blunt Obviously, he didn't get the ball cuz he faked the handoff to him. So Carson wintz ran He ran he took off and he had got the first Got the first so that was done his main mission on that play had been completed so instead of Running out of bounds.  He's not a running back. He's not a receiver. He's not a tight end He's not a cornerback. He's not a lineback. He's not a defensive lineman. He's not a safety He is a quarterback quarterback And the way that this dude cut back in left the Redskins defending the dust the Redskins defended just put out his hand and he went And if y'all look at that replay it looked like once he missed Carson wintz It looked like he's just it looked like that took the life out of him Looked like that play took the life out of whoever that risk is cornerback was But Carson that was my favorite player tonight from him So shout out to nick nick said uh, I think he said Carson went what you said he went to your church or went to your high school one of them too but They them eagles man They've been looking good man Looking good looking good Did you see how kirk tried to truck the db for the first down? I saw that too kirk kirk be doing a lot of that too kirk cousins He put a team on his back He's not afraid to try to make a play with his legs And he won't fall down. He won't go. He won't slide either. He ain't afraid to do that Now hopefully he don't end up like another Redskins quarterback who he came into the league with Because not sliding didn't work out for him too well but Hopefully he stays safe man Hopefully he stays safe man hopefully so Yeah, Nelson agolo been doing pretty good, man He's been doing pretty good. He's been doing pretty good a lot better than uh, he had been doing um And like like I told you like my boy vegan king said he been playing with a lot more confidence tory smith, man I've been missing tory smith. I um Sometimes I don't forget that he's on the eagles, but sometimes I forget that um Because I feel like he's out there, but I don't see a lot of passes go his way I don't know if it's just Maybe it's He just hasn't found his rhythm with cost and wins last time and eagles fans correct me if i'm wrong, man The last touchdown I know of him catching from cost and wins was um in the cardinals game Well, it was in the Cardinals game So I don't I don't know if that was the last touchdown that he caught. That's just the last one that I saw from him On the eagles, but okay. That was the last one. Okay. Appreciate that and that was that was a couple weeks ago And I I thought that he was a starter. I know Nelson agolo has been killing it He's been killing it and alshon jeffrey too. I feel like he's been super quiet too But This I appreciate that chris. Thank you. Um, but this eagles team Even though torii may not be getting a bunch of catches alshon may not be getting a bunch of catches a win is a win and They're they're winning And they're maintaining good chemistry on offense with other players But collectively that offense has been playing very good and collectively that defense Fletcher cox he got a violent sack on kurt cousins toward the end of the game a violent sack violent sack Violent sack I felt bad for kurt man I felt bad for That was tough Zilla, I agree, but that was tough Zack earths earths is nice too, man earths is nice That little quick cutback move that he made costs and went through it to him in a flash by the goal line He made that quick cutback got into the end zone A lot of people wouldn't have made that play a lot for a lot of people that would have just been They would end up running out of bounds It would end up running out of bounds Donovan said did you think the eagles were gonna win? Yeah, I picked them to win But what I didn't pick was it to be a game that wasn't even that At the end of the game the score was technically close to 10 points, but it wasn't that close It wasn't as close as a final score. What's up lino The audible touchdown aglow is the best play of the game.  I'm a ravens fan again Um, but something that frustrates me about my own team is just seeing guys like like costs and wins Seeing guys like him, um Now with fleco, uh I don't even want to compare his first year To cost and wins first year and then the second year to cost and wins second year Even though cost wins second year is not finished yet, but just seeing um And and it's a lot of different factors that play into it. It's a lot of different factors that play into it. Um for just Seeing and again, it's not all on fleco because it's a mix of things Office of coordinators just the the gm for assembling these teams and whatnot But just seeing cost and wins jump so much From his first to his second year. Just seeing him jump so much Yeah, fleco had a way better defense A way better defense. You're right But just seeing him jump so much from his first to second year And I can only imagine How it's gonna be In the future I can imagine how it's gonna be in the future. This guy's playing like this right now He was decent last year. He was he was decent last year. He wasn't this last year But they got him some weapons. Um, they man, I feel like there's something in my eye They got him some weapons. Um, they got, uh They got Nice offensive line. I know. Yeah, we I did see that jason peter's injury. That was nasty Um, so he's probably done for the year. Um, I'm sure that's gonna come out Either whether it's not whether if it's later tonight or to come out Tomorrow morning that he's done for the year um But just seeing him jump so much from his first to second year And I know like I said, I know it's a lot of different factors um But still it's just It's a beautiful thing to see and not even just with Carson Wentz with a lot of different quarterbacks of mary odor with jamies winston um Russell wilson just a lot of different quarterbacks man. I just I just love seeing them Take that leap that leap forward. I love it. Um Yeah, yeah, that's true. You're right. Lionel. Yeah, he could rely on his defense. So he didn't have to do all that. Um But it's nice that Carson went see us His rookie was 2008 joey Uh, we had a third stream in a linebacked start of night because hicks hurt his ankle. Oh, yeah, michael kendricks didn't play either Swearing you look foolish on that earth's touchdown. DJ swearing. I never really liked DJ swearing I never really liked him. I never really liked him. I think he what he played for the texas too, right? I never really liked that guy, man never really liked him um but yeah, man Eagles congratulations Congratulations, I'm happy for y'all again. Like I said, I'm happy for y'all Fly eagles fly boy. They flew they flew They flew Oh, oh, I forgot. I forgot to me journey. It was uh, was on the eagles I forgot all about him But I mean, yeah, he started to go in my a but I mean they winning so he Him being in my a is uh Ain't so bad I mean worst thing. I mean worst case scenario The They just won't recite him this year The worst case scenario. Terrence Brooks is on the Jets. I don't think he's on the Eagles Not anymore. He's on the Jets. I believe so anyway Appreciate y'all man Thank you for coming through again. Redskins fans. It ain't over. It ain't over. Y'all it'll be all right It ain't over but Redskins fans Yeah, Cory Graham is on the Eagles. He caught that nice pick today um, it seems like Cory Graham Nice depth guy nice depth guy He seems to always be in the right place at the right time. Remember that Broncos game Remember the Broncos game In the was the the vision of playoffs when the year Ravens won a Super Bowl in overtime Peyton Manning in the offense had the ball Peyton Manning in the Broncos offense had the ball I think Peyton Manning either got hit or the ball got tipped something happened And the ball it went a lot shorter than what it was supposed to go And who caught the pick who just happened to be at the right place right time? Cory Graham Cory Graham catches the interception Justin Tucker kicks a field goal for the win Ravens win And that's it That's it Oh, yeah, two picks that game. Oh, yeah I'm trying to remember the first one Hmm, I don't quite remember the first one But it does you do I think you're all right, but Anyway, oh, it was a tip. Okay. I'm gonna have to watch it again Um, but yeah, that was probably my all-time favorite game like always say that's my all-time favorite game all-time favorite game um, but anyway Anyway Oh, he had a pick six right after flakko bounded the tori Oh, I might have to go watch it again because that that game That game almost killed me Almost passed out that day But anyway MIA is missing in action I see I see you've been putting what's in my aid for the longest if that's missing in action Um, or unless you're talking about florida and that's miami, but anyway, appreciate y'all coming through. Thank you for coming through Um, I I saw I guess it was a little argument going on in the comment section I didn't see what it was about. I guess it's something about patriots and stillers. I believe Um, so maybe one day if you guys want to if you like to If you would like to um, whatever y'all were debating about I like I said, I assumed that it was about patriots and stillers Um, oh, well, yeah, y'all gonna be playing each other and a little further down the road Anyway, but whatever y'all were debating about we can we can have that debate on here if you like So we can get not only you two starts, but we can get everybody starts up in here too so Let me know if y'all down to do that if you are you can just hit me up on twitter and let me know what The argument was about and um, I'm down. I'm down If y'all want to give y'all opinions on whatever the argument was about Or liars and sylvester any other stealers and patriots fans If y'all want to do that, I am down all the way But hit me up on twitter if you like and we can uh, we can set that up because I want to make sure everybody That can come through that was a part of Um, but oh, it's about the stealers beating the patriots this year or if they're going to I'm gonna hold off on what I think about that I did speak about that yesterday in a video, but I'm gonna hold off If you want you can watch the video again, but um, I talked about that yesterday. Anyway, appreciate y'all coming through. Thank you Uh, make sure you subscribe to the youtube channel if you haven't already turn your notifications on if you haven't already And leave a like on the video too. Click that thumbs up button Thank you and I'm out man. Y'all have a good night. This was a lot of fun, man. Appreciate. Appreciate y'all. Thank you We gone


We're here at the nanotechnology conference and hi. So who are you? Hi myself Sahit Yakumar. I Am from Italian Institute of Technology. I am in affiliation to University of Genoa in the in the group of Dr. Teresa Pellegrino So So what do you present here? So I've written means basically we work on clustering of iron oxon nanocubes for magnetic hypothermia Therapy and if you see at the basically the magnetic hypothermia is a method of killing cancer at the elevators of 40 to 42 degrees where the cancer cells are basically Sensitive and this method is FDA approval and most of them are in clinical use for glioblastoma or some kind of solid tumors What however this magnetic nanoparticles which can produce heat for killing cancer in the Which are available in the magnet in the market are not really performing good with respect to that of cubic shape iron oxon nanocubes which we published in 2014 a Paper that explaining the cubic shape nanoparticles are far better than the spherical one Actually, they are different factors which decides the performance of magnetic nanoparticles in heating especially coming to the magnet Applied magnetic fields and also the properties like size shape and composition and importantly also we have to consider the arrangement of nanoparticles So actually I mean it was it's a state of art like Magnetism bacteria having a linear change iron oxon nanocubes was studied that the performs far better than the isolated states But we tried to fabricate this kind of linear structures for using the same building blocks here To enhance the heating performance Because as I said like arrangement improves also dictates the performance of magnetic nanoparticles in heating So initially we started this study pursuing this iron oxon and a few the same building blocks which are less interactive using a commercially available polymer By using a micro emulsion and slow solvent evaporation technology We can see here. These are hydrophobic and this is an amphipilic polymer We can modulate the shapes from the single structure to the elongated structures to the three-dimensional structures Using the same polymer by changing the amount of polymer here if you go if you go into the structures of magnetic properties with respect to the isolated structures that The one which is elongated like the sign like morphologies are Performing having the higher magnetic properties than those of the single one and the one Structures which are three-dimensional which are having more than four nanoparticles this is because When the particles are in elongated state because of when they are in elongated shape You can see they have a dipolar interaction and the anisotropy increases and because of that reason this Magnetic momentum behaves in a elongated entity and responds quickly to the magnet That's the reason why the elongated structures behave far better than the isolated one and the three-dimensional structures So what does it mean? Can you detect them or detecting things or you affecting something? What are you doing exactly because I said like in the in the beginning this magnetic nanoparticles have the properties of producing heat with respect in response to the Alternating magnetic fields that we apply externally when we inject these particles into the cancer cells when we applied this magnetic fields these Because of the flip of the nanoparticles inside the cancer cells or the magnetic momentum spin They dissipates heat and then they creates a pop process to the cancer cells and kills the cancer cells This is the basic concept of So are you able to to do this in real people or is it then in a way in the lab? Actually, this procedure was actually approved by FDA for glioblastomates in practice, but still there is a lot of room to explore Explore the methodologies to improve the heating performance of nanoparticles even at the low doses because the the current the clinical Applications lead needs the injection of a lot of doses of the nanoparticles into the target site Which is not really recommended because that is associated with toxicity issues So we are finding a way to reduce the dose and the strategies to reduce the dose and improve the properties as well. So this hypothermia Basically, are you burning the cancer out exactly you making something some parts of it too hot and it just disappears This appears yes, so this is what we are killing the cancer cells We had the elevated temperatures of 40 to 42 degrees because beyond that even the healthy tissue could undergo necrosis, which is not really recommended. How do you? How do you heat it up in there? Okay? So there are plenty of words in the in the literature saying that we can modify these nanoparticles With some target ligands which is specific to the specific cancer and they can reach directly to the cancer cells Targeting the specific cancer cells and they internalize to the cancer cells and they can dissipate heat when you apply the magnetic From inside the cell or even the extracellular environment covering the cancer cells. So your work is to do all this What is this? This is your paper. What do you call poster? Yeah, this is our poster. Of course, this was published in ACS It was developed by Dina Nicholas. And of course I was also involved in this project As an order and I am presenting this as a poster in this conference. Yes, and what's next? We are going we are trying to go for in vitro and in vivo studies on this and I want we want to do some kind of improvements in this studies because since these particles are less interactive We want to also extend this study for high interactive high highly performing iron oxen and a cubes as well. Yes so Is the vision here that this this cells potentially some types of cancer? What does it do? So we would say there is a lot of way to go and a lot of things because you know that when we go to in vivo Experiments, we have to consider various kind of parameters because especially the sale coming to the safety point of view of the patient as well I would say yes This is potential way because if you are combining with studies saying if you are combining this therapy with the chemotherapy So effective at least for the in vivo In vitro point of view next stage there is immense immense amount of work to be done To reach the potentiality to the in vivo and the clinical level And how fast can it get? This is a good question But the point is there are a lot of parameters one we have to adjust in this point of view Especially applying The magnetic fields because we have we should have a proper material that could response even at the biological limit of magnetic response Do you have it this material are you looking for it? There are some materials which are performing but there is not clinically approved yet This kind of high performing, but there's a lot of people working on in this direction as well Yes, and you are we are also going to do it. Yes, even my my boss, right? She's like there is a peligrino. She's intensively working on this kind of area of studies. Yes


So the way that our bodies remember sensations is truly fascinating to me. I've been an amputee for just over four years now. And what I'll do sometimes is turn a sock upside down. So this is like my knee part and I'll put it over my residual limb to keep it warm and cozy. But every time I do that, there's an initial knee-jerk reaction in my mind to not catch the fuzzy sock on a hangnail on my pinky toe. If you'll notice, I do not have a pinky toe anymore. But that was something that happened so routinely when I did have a foot and I hated that feeling.  Every single time I put this on, I'm like bracing for that to happen even though it is physically impossible. I just think our bodies are fascinating.


This video will talk about the distributive property. The distributive looks like this, A times a quantity like B plus C. You've got an addition or subtraction and a quantity and a number outside being multiplied. When you distribute it, you want to distribute that A to everything inside the parentheses. So you're going to take the A times the B and then plus the A times the C. So let's try. We want to take five times X and get five X and then we want to take five times negative nine and have plus five times negative nine. That's the way to think about it. So in that case, you get five X and then five times negative nine is a negative forty five. So you have five X minus forty five. So again, negative three times X is negative three X plus negative three times eight. That's the way to think about it. So negative three X is just negative three X. But when we do the order of operations, we have plus a negative twenty four or negative three X minus twenty four. Okay. Let me show you. I keep saying, well, that's the way you think about it. So you can also think about this as negative three X, but then you can think of this as just multiply negative three times eight and that will give you negative twenty four. Okay. So that's another way to look at it. So let's try this next one then. We're thinking negative two times four X plus negative two times negative one. And if we would do the work, then negative two times four X would be negative eight times X and negative two times negative one. Remember negative times negative is a positive, so it would be two and we would be done at that point. Again you can think of it as negative two. You could just go ahead and do the work. Negative two times four X is eight X, negative, and negative two times negative one would be a positive two. So you can distribute and do the do these steps in your head if you want. All right. One more example, negative times negative six X. So it's a negative times negative six X. I'm going to write it all out here. Plus a negative times seven Y plus a negative times negative four.  Negative times negative four would be a positive four. So rewriting it would be six X minus seven Y plus four. Actually either one of these is okay. But this is the general way that you're going to see it written. Then you could have said negative six X times negative one would be positive six X, negative times a positive seven Y would be minus seven Y, and negative times a negative four would be a positive four either way.


The title of this session is Long Term Data Sustainability, but if you're expecting answers then you're going to be disappointed, I'm sorry, I don't know that there are answers. There are things we can do, but really this session is just about exploring some of the issues that I think you all need to consider when you're looking at how long and whether you should keep data. So I'm not going to give you answers, I'm not going to give you solutions or approaches, I'm just going to bring up some of the issues that I think you all need to get your heads around, things that you have to think about during the business of creating, managing or caring for data. There'll be a bit of time for questions at the end, but if you have any questions during the talk, if anything I've said is not clear or you want me to repeat something, just interrupt, I'm happy to take things on the fly. So this is just a brief overview of the topics, the things I'm going to talk about in the next 35 minutes or so. And I do, I don't know if I've warned the right word, but I'm an archivist so I do have an archival perspective on what preservation and long term retention means. I have particular archival concepts that I've been working with for the last 20 years. So part of what I talk about is things that are familiar to me as an archivist, which may not be familiar to you as data curators or data creators, but I believe that a lot of the archival insights and practices can be applied to managing data and preserving data over the long term. So you will get, it won't be archival, but I'm just telling you, some of these things I'm talking about come from my archival perspective. This is where we're starting from, why I'm talking about data sustainability. Have you all, have you had to talk about the code? Has that been on yet? So you're all familiar with every word of the code and you're all ready to apply it? Great. Well as you would know then, part A section 2 says in an overview, introductory statement, that policies are required that address, among other things, the retention of research materials and data beyond the end of the project. So it's encouraging you to think in the long term, not in the short term. Now I know there are some issues about implementing the code in academic institutions, but all the same. It is a guide to the sorts of things that you need to think about when you're undertaking or being responsible for or managing the outputs of research. And one of the things you have to think about is having a longer term view of the data that's created. So I'm just putting this up to show you that this isn't something that Anz has suddenly thought up as an idea that you all need to think about. It's not just Anz that's concerned about these things. So the people who wrote the code, the ARC, the NHMIC and the University of Australia have also thought about issues such as long term retention of data. And there is now some understanding in the ARC, much more explicitly, that data needs to be kept for long term past the life of the research projects that create it. So in the funding agreement for discovery projects, and this is the only one that has this section in it at the moment, but I'm sure it's going to be extended to the other sorts of funding arrangements that the ARC and the NHMIC eventually have. So they also are very explicit about research projects and research teams and their organisations maintaining data for long term. They, as I say, it says must, must ensure researchers look after and store safely any data, specimens or samples. Yes, Andrew. Did you forward to say any ask questions as you go through it? Is it not the case that this is why speed limit would have speed count? They say it, but I've never heard of any researcher not getting their next ARC grant because they didn't comply with this. No, no, I agree and that's, but you know, it is early days. It is a sign that things are moving in the right direction from Anne's point of view and from my point of view as an archivist. So ARC is actually saying, especially, you've got to look after it and keep it. You can't just chuck it away or not think about it. How long is this video recording? This is in the 2010 and 2011 agreement drafts that are on the ARC website. I think 2010 is the first year it appeared. Is that right, Margaret? I think 2009 I said should or something like that with the shooting from the first time. Okay, now it says must. So it says other things, but I mean lots of other things, obviously, but essentially this little section is about making sure that the data lasts beyond the life of the project. So they're saying you must deposit it somewhere. And the arrangements you may have to be acceptable to the ARC. So you can put it in an institutional data store or data repository and I'm sure that would be acceptable to the ARC, but they suggest you could also deposit it in, I'm not sure why museums, but perhaps because they're not talking just about data, they're talking about specimens and samples as well as data, but also archives, so the social science data archive, for example. Here's another data repository where you can deposit social science data. They also ask you to explain why you're not going to do that if you decide not to. And that has to appear in the final report of the project. So they are getting more rigorous about what they expect of you as far as preserving data goes. Oh, sorry, not the things over here, isn't it? So really I wanted to just to give you some backgrounds why we're talking about this and thinking about these sorts of issues, why we actually have to consider it, why you need to consider it as data curators or data custodians. So what do we mean by sustainability? I've just put that question here, I guess, in the sort of things that I think we need to actually try and achieve, what sustainability means. It's about maintaining data for the long term and that long term is obviously an open to discussion, what we mean by long term. The ASC and the code both see long term as being beyond the life of the project, but they don't have any views on whether it's for 100 years or 20 years or for 1,000 years. But in my view, the things that we need to achieve when we're maintaining data for the long term, over the long term, is that it must be findable. There's no point in keeping it if no one can find it. It must be accessible. So people must be able to get hold of it. They must be able to use it. And the data must retain its integrity. So whether you keep it for five years or 10 years or 200 years, the data, in my view, needs to have these characteristics after those periods of time, otherwise you've just wasted all the resources that have been put into maintaining it. And the other issue about sustainability, which I hope we can have a discussion about during this talk, is the issue of what we keep, whether we keep everything or whether we throw lots of it away. And as I said, I don't have any answers, but I think it's an area that will need lots of discussion over the next few years to try and work out consistent approaches that everybody can accept. So when we talk about sustainability, all we're really talking about is preserving data over the long term. Sustainability is just another word. And the way Anne's talks about it for preservation, it's not quite as loaded as preservation, which has been overused a lot in the last decade or so, I believe. So in Anne's, we talk about sustainability, but we're still talking about preservation, essentially. I'm going to cover each of these areas in a little bit more detail, to what I mean by findable, accessible, usable, and integrity. So when I say something has to be findable, first of all, you have to keep it. Otherwise, it won't be findable, obviously. I mean, that's very basic, but you've got to keep it for it to be findable. You have to store it, and you have to have some sort of consistent, structured way of storing data. You can't just let... Leave it up to researchers to keep it on CDs or their thumb drives and do whatever they like with it. That's not really storage in the way that Anne wants you to think about it. Because if we leave it up to researchers and they do that sort of thing, leave it on CDs, stuck in a cupboard or leave it on a thumb drive, stuck in their briefcase, then it'll disappear. So storage has to be more systematic and structured than that. And the third thing I want to mention is that the data must be described to be findable. Now, I know a lot of people don't like talking or hearing about metadata, but it has to be raised. If you don't describe data, no one will be able to find it. You have to have a basic level of discovery metadata so people can actually find what they're looking for. If they're looking for data, that's about biological resources in the Barrier Reef Marine Park. You've got to describe it, or people won't be able to find it. So as I said, I'm not telling you what you have to do. I've not given you solutions to these issues, but these are the issues that you have to think about when you're thinking about keeping the data findable over time. It's not enough for the people who've created the data to know how to find it. If the data's gonna be any use to future scholars or scholars outside the specific domain of the researchers, then it has to be described. Otherwise, it'll be lost. It'll be useless information. Are you all with me so far? No, I'm not gonna talk a lot about metadata, I could, because I've spent a lot of time in the last 15 years working on metadata standards, but I do want to tell you that you have to think about metadata. You can't ignore it. It's difficult and sometimes very complex, but you've got to think about it. I know why I keep pointing at that one. Data has to be accessible, so it's not just enough to store it and describe it. You have to be able to, people have to be able to access it. So it has to be available. Now, it has to be somewhere that people can get at it.  Could be findable through a portal, but it's not accessible if it's stuck on a CD in someone's drawer. So when I say available, I mean it has to be in a data store of some sort that people can access, people can connect to somehow, which means that the data sets or the descriptive information has to have some sort of location. So it can't just say it's on Fred's CD in his second drawer, because people can't connect to it. You've got to have some location information and ideally a persistent identifier of some sort, so it won't break. So if I look at it this year, I can go to the same location in 20 years time and find it again if it's kept.  And the other issue that I want to talk about briefly under accessibility is the whole issue of privacy, IP rights, ethics, copyright issues. I don't know if these issues have raised their heads yet in your repositories or your institutions, but there are strong groups in society who are very concerned about privacy issues with data and other sorts of digital information about how you can release that sort of information and make it available to people. How you manage copyright. Now, I think you've had a talk about Gov2, so you know the Australian government is moving towards issuing information under Creative Commons licenses. So these are the sort of moves that people need to think about, I believe, and when they're looking at how they make their data accessible or available to the wider public or the wider research community. But you're also obviously going to run into issues of privacy and what ethics committees think. I know, I think, all your institutions have their own ethics committees who all have their own particular requirements about how you manage research projects, especially those that involve personal information. So they're going to be issues that you have to deal with when you're thinking about making data accessible. You've got to think about what sort of privacy and ethics issues are involved in releasing, say, medical information to the world. Of the way in which violent families are not considered accessible. Well, how can I get it? How do I know who to speak to? What will be registered to. So, yes, I'm not, I suppose I'm not, I shouldn't be suggesting that it has to be online to be accessible, you mean? Or if it's, if someone keeps it in a CD in a drawer. But if I'm a researcher in the UK and I want to look at it, what do I do? Yeah. Okay, but it involves a lot more effort. But it doesn't mean it's not accessible. But how do people find out? Okay, I'll take that point, maybe I'm being too black and white. But there's degrees of accessibility. There's degrees of accessibility and everything could be able to be accessible. Yeah. No, you can always find a seat, you can always kill someone, then maybe it's a degree, where you draw the line. Yeah, it's an efficient way to go to the Galaxy, but probably yes, we can make everything accessible. But it's the whole thing which people do really just avoid fooling people into the information request, but I think it's difficult to access. Yeah. Part of the sort of meta game of this thing is that we actually make access easy just by just making data accessible. Yeah, and the idea of the Australian Search Data Commons, which is the ultimate aim of the work that ANZ is doing is to have data out there available for people to access. Without having to go and speaking to somebody who they happen to know or have heard about in an institution and having them copy it off a CD or a thumb drive and then sending it to them. That's really putting a lot of barriers in the way of access and doesn't really, I believe, meet the sort of vision the government and a lot of academic institutions have about making data accessible to the public more widely than the research groups who create it. Yep. So you're curating not just the data that you've collected, but also specimens or samples. Yep. Yeah, by virtue of the fact that some of those are objects that can't be replicated, then you are going to have to maintain some sort of pointer to where that physical location is. Yeah, sure, I agree. I mean, I accept that. There are going to be, often, there are going to be physical outputs, if you like, of the research process that have to be kept somewhere. But still, I mean, the idea about making it accessible is to put it into some sort of public, somewhere public, that people can get access to it. It's not like you have to know somebody who can talk to you and you can then go and talk to the person who's got the key, you can open the door to let you in. That sort of stuff is really putting barriers to access. Do you know if that's true if you're finding these access to the FOI? As far as I know, no. The new FOI, the FOI amendments doesn't really go into that much detail about data. It's more about, I mean, it's essentially its aim to change the culture of government, particularly. Belfast, the fact is the tree rings, one. The obligation was on the institution to convert all that data into a form for the recipients to a digital form. It wasn't enough to just give the researcher access to the old floppies. Yeah. So I think there is going to be more pressure on institutions to actually provide the data in ways that make it more accessible to wider communities than it would be if it was just kept in someone's drawer or locked in a filing cabinet. The third characteristic I talked about was that I listed was usability, or what I call usability. So the data has to be usable. It's not enough to find it. It's not enough to store it somewhere that people can get access to it. If they can download the data but can't use it, then again, it's not really being used. It's not fulfilling the purpose of sharing data if people can't use it. The sort of things I think you need to think about is how we store the data, whether we store it properly. Well, I talk about storing it properly, but really I'm not saying there's a particular approach that's the proper approach. You have to have some consistent and reliable ways of storing the data, so you have to think about things like media migration, for example, if you're keeping data on digital tapes, you have to think about migration. You can keep data on CDs and DVDs, not that I would recommend it, but if you do that, again, you have to think about issues of media migration. The San Diego Supercomputer Centre some years ago did an estimate of how long it would take to, how long it takes to migrate data from digital, one generation of digital tapes to a new generation of digital tapes, and they've reckoned that somewhere, I can't remember what the figure is, that somewhere around 200 petabytes, you would run out of time to migrate from one version of digital tape to a new version before that new version itself became obsolete, so there are issues like that you have to think about. Yeah, I can't remember the correct number, but it's in the petabyte region, it's not bigger than that. I worked in an experiment where they're migrating technology, five petabytes of data to migrate to new tapes, and the rest of them are bigger than that, for the transfer of power. So that is probably going to be a big issue when we have these huge data sets, if we keep them on digital tapes and the formats and the hardware change, although they change at a lot slower pace than people really think, or had thought it would happen, but still, there are issues about the time it takes to do that migration that you need to consider. You can't just think, oh, I'll migrate it, and that's all right, it's not that simple. The other thing you need to think about when you're looking at usability is what sort of formats you store data in. Again, I don't have any answers and don't look to me for answers, but there are things you can think about about how quickly a data format might become obsolete, how quickly, if it's proprietary, how quickly it's the vendor stop supporting it, how long the support program will run for, think about moving to open source formats. I'm not saying this is practical in all cases or in most cases, but it's something you can think about whether you can use open formats for storing the data, whether the software that's needed to query and access the data is going to be available in 20 or 200 years time. I mean, that's the big issue, whether the software and hardware can still work. And there's also another approach is to think about emulation and create software. Emulators that let you actually use the data in the future. There are no proven answers to these questions. The digital preservation community, generally at the moment is mostly focused on migration strategies of various sorts. There is quite a lot of work being done on emulation approaches as well. So really all you can do is keep an eye on the literature and understand what's happening and see where developments are going. Yes. I'm sorry, Scott. No, sorry. But when you consider what you're talking about for the large data sets, obviously emulation becomes more out of the box. Yeah. Yeah. Because the thing is, conversion of data formats is actually playing a pretty expensive role because I used to do this quickly. It actually takes a long time to actually get through data and convert it to the store and then actually go and buy all the content that's being created from something presented. Yeah. Yeah, I mean, yeah. There are issues that, you know, it's really, although we think we've been dealing with this for quite a while, and it's in the region of 15 to 20 years, there are still lots of issues that haven't been resolved because we don't have enough experience with dealing with things like large data sets and trying to keep them usable over long periods of time. So that's why I say there aren't any answers. They're just particular approaches people are looking at and are developing, which may change soon or in the next five or 10 years. But at the moment, the best answer people come up with that you need a combination of approaches. There are various ways you can do migration, but it's probably likely that you'll need some sort of emulation strategies as well to preserve data and make it, keep it usable. Excuse me. And last characteristic I want to talk about is integrity. I want to say integrity, I don't just mean bit level integrity, although that's really the core of it. Really, you need to make sure that there's no unauthorized changes to the data. It is possible for stray gamma rays to change bits, although not very common. And there's also the possibility of malicious damage. So you need to be able to recover from those sorts of situations. So you need to be able to ensure that the bit level integrity of the data is not compromised. So you need to think about backups and whether, how much redundancy we have, how many copies we keep. There has been a paper or there's an approach being developed in the US called LOX. Lots of copies keep stuff safe. There's their chief scientist, David Rosenthal, has written a paper saying bit preservation, essentially arguing that the issue of preserving the bits has not been solved. If any of you know of it, I would say take it with a grain of salt. Because that issue that he is talking about is really about storage media reliability. It's about whether things like raid stores can keep data safe, can keep its integrity. Now no one said those problems have been solved. We know what to do to preserve the bits and you need more than one copy. That's a given, one copy is not enough. You need to be able to make sure to have some mechanism for finding out whether the bits have actually changed. One mechanism with check sums, hash values if you like, algorithms to check those, applications that will do rolling checks of that to see whether the bits have been changed so you can recover data if it's been or changed somehow. And I'll just have bit level preservation there because you may think if you're just keeping the data in the form it was created, that's enough. And that often may be enough but you'll need to make sure you've got redundant copies. But you may want to have different versions that are available for access. You may not want to have the original copy available to the wider public. You've got to think about keeping an unchanged, safe bit level copy of the data. So if you need to do things for it in the future, you can. But again, that sort of strategy is really dependent on what your overall approach to preserving the data of the long term is. It may not be necessary to think about bit level preservation separately from thinking about the number of backups and how much we're done to see a new. But it is an issue that you need to consider even if it's only to reject it. That's something that has to be done. Section. This is really I think a big issue that's not really been addressed in the research community. The archives community has dealt with this for a long time. But I think it's an issue that the data research community really has to start thinking about very seriously. IDC estimate, well not estimate, it worked out that in 2,281 exabytes of information were created. That's 281 exabytes. They estimate that in 2010 there'll be 1.2 zettabytes. Zettabytes are 1,000 exabytes. That's a hell of a lot of information. 72 stacks of books, 93 million miles high. It's what someone's worked out. Is that so much data will be created this year? Can we keep everything? Anyone got an opinion, a view? Can we keep everything? Technically yes, financially no. I don't think we need to keep everything. I don't think technically. I'm not saying should we, I'm saying can we. I don't think technically yes either. Well, if you run out of physical storage space ultimately, there's a fine argument. Yes, and there's been some estimate. In somewhere like 2012, 2014, the world will not be able to produce enough storage to capture all the information that it wants to keep, let alone what's created. Because a large proportion of that 1.2 zettabytes for this year is data that we're not going to keep. Things like telephone calls, mobile calls and so on. Not necessary stuff that we want to keep. But there is a finite, as you said, there's a finite limit to how much storage can be produced in any one year. And the world will run out of the ability to store information if it keeps increasing, if the output keeps increasing at the rate it is at the moment. We can at the moment keep everything, we think. But should we? If we do, there are other problems.  You've got to think about other problems about how you actually find that and store it and make it accessible. Because it does rise by orders of magnitude, things like the metadata issue, how you describe it all. There's no putting keeping it if it can't be found and used. You've got to have the metadata to make that happen if you're keeping everything. And the costs involved in creating all that metadata are going to be astronomical. Unless we can develop really efficient, automated ways of doing it, which still look like they're a long way off. Okay, perhaps we can keep everything, but should we? Anyone think yes, we should? Okay, so you all think no? Enlightened. So if you expect like that to be in time, that's very much that, as a population. Yeah, but which data do we want to keep? Because the question selection problem, the classification problem, really, that's the forward loss of it. We're not keeping it for machines to use. So we don't have to do it like we do it for us. But would that suggest we keep everything all the same? No, actually, I think it's that dead-hand of history that they do things. Sorry, I missed that. What, we were just saying something or? I started, of course, yeah, one of the questions is, given for the machines, the machines are only machines, it's the actual, we still have to make a decision about data classification as to what we are actually going to interrogate, because it's the classic argument which I use myself. Let's keep everything, because we don't know what we're actually going to need. Yeah. And the same thing goes for machine-based logic as well. Yep. For the moment, that is a good policy with research, though. It's a good problem. Short-term, let's keep it for five years until we understand what the research is. The research doesn't. That is going to increase the cost, though, and even though there's this mantra around that storage is cheap, it's not really true when you're looking at huge volumes of, huge data sets. It is actually a real problem because properly curated and tensed storage is actually expensive, not because hardware is cheaper than it is.  I suppose you would have to send this gentleman to say, you probably have to consider the probability of reuse in making that decision. Yep. There may also be some sort of cost-metric for how much cost to reproduce that space of storage. It's also the cost of making the decision to be able to do that. So if we accept, as I think we all do, that we can't keep everything and we have to choose, that raises the big issues of who's going to do it, when it gets done, and what criteria are used. So should it be left up to the researchers? Should it be left up to the institutions? Should it be left up to university information managers? Should it be left up to the government? Well, the government can do it. They're going to make you do it, I think. A lot of those people will have a role, depending on the type of data and the use of the data. Yeah, that's right. I'm not going to go alone and tell everybody what data we're going to give them into the data. Now we're going to tell them, come on, let's just cross the tree. Yep. There are, particularly where we want to reuse across disciplines. The researcher doesn't necessarily know what's most interesting. That is why I want to see a plan, that's why I want to see a data contribution, that I really deserve, and be a data manager. I do care about his data, I care about his plan to keep his data and what he's going to toss. Yeah. But we don't know who's going to actually be qualified to make those decisions that lie to anyone. Because even within one discipline, we often don't know what we're going to use data for 20 years now in the channel. And someone says, oh, is there innovation? The answer is, I don't know either. I think we can probably make some reasonable guesses. I think that's all we can do, make reasonable guesses and just be, are there good enough to make reasonable guesses and humble enough to learn from our mistakes? That's a good point. As an archivist, I have to say that it's probably the least useful way of deciding which records to keep based on what you think the research value in the future is going to be because nobody can tell. It's absolutely impossible to judge research. Future research needs. I think the same is going to apply to research data just as it applies to records. But I hope to be, could be proved wrong. And I'd be pleased to be proved wrong, but I don't think I'm going to be. You're going to just have to make a decision to keep it with you for the next 20 years. There's not many people that have the same kind of human sense of the process of creating long, half-lake of citation. If it keeps it for a short, reasonable period, we could probably think just as to how far we've talked about to be able to be used. Yes, we'll get things wrong, but at least get the obvious ones out there. Yep. And there are, there are, there's some literature about how you choose or what criteria you should use. So it's been suggested if the data, for example, comes from a repeatable experiment, you don't need to keep it. If it's data that's produced by some unique one-off event like a volcano explosion, then you do need to keep it because you can't reproduce that. You can't get that data back. Where the data's obviously not reproducible because it's so unique to the time it was captured. So, I mean, there are various things, issues, or ways of looking at this that have been talked about. I'm not saying any of them are right. You might want to make a decisions based on what you think the government's research priorities are, which would be as good a way as any. And it varies by discipline. So when we were doing the needs analysis discussion with a number of researchers late last year, within the ANS services roadmap, Mark Reagan, who works at Institute of Learning and the Life Sciences of UQ, who's on the ANS steering committee, made the comments that for a whole series of genomics data, it was cheaper and easier to keep the sample and re-analyze it, rather than keep the data from the last analysis. He's the sequencing machine, he's the last one, he's the cheaper all the time. Yeah. Yeah, and that's, you know, that's always something that's likely to happen. You know, the machines you use to analyzing the data or producing it are going to get better and better and quicker and quicker and maybe you can throw away a lot of stuff because you'll have better ways of getting it in five years' time. That's a weak observation. No, no. The other question that you have to think about is when this selection is going to happen, if you leave it to the end, it's going to create a lot of problems because you might find that if you don't think about it upfront, you're not going to get the right sort of metadata captured and you're not going to get things stored properly. If you wait for five years. So I'm not suggesting you have to make all the decisions up front, but you certainly have to consider the issue of what data that's going to be produced by a particular research project will be kept or might be kept once the project's been finished. So the issue of when is not a trivial issue. You can't just wait till the end and then make a decision. Did you want to say something, Greg, or? No, sorry, I thought you had your hand up. Now I need to wind up quickly. Again, I just brought up the code because it does actually say things that institutions have to do. Retain research data and prime materials. And I'm not going to dwell on all these because I've covered some of the broader issues earlier on, but the code says you have to keep it. Retain research data and prime materials. Provide secure storage. Identify ownership. And then it talks about the issues, the privacy and ethics issues. So the code sets out things that institutions have to do. I try to summarise what things I think need to be done by institutions at the institutional level. So it's really to develop the policies, procedures and infrastructure that let these things go on. I was saying the institution itself has to do all these, but it has to set the institutional policies and procedures and infrastructure that can allow these things to happen. It can allow the data to be created and captured and kept and stored that can enable the creation of the appropriate and sufficient metadata. Allow researchers to manage their data and keep it stored properly. And then we'll allow them to actually publish that data more widely or make it available more widely. Without a lot of barriers to access by a wider community than has generally been allowed to get access to scientific or research data. So if you want to think about persuading your institutions to work on some of these things, that'll be a great start. The code also says researchers have to do things too. And I've really, there are two other paragraphs, but I've only got this first one, a retain research data, oh sorry, and retain research data and prime materials. And the code specifies reasons for doing this to allow reference use and also to answer any challenges to the data or the research methodology. Keep it so it can be used by other researchers. Now this is a slightly different use for the first ones I've talked about, which are really just letting people see what you've got. You need to keep it for at least as long as your institution specifies. So that's implying that institutions have to have policies about how long you keep data for. And all data doesn't have to be kept for the same amount of time. I mean, the data you keep doesn't have to be kept for the same amounts of time. Some could be kept for a thousand years, some could be kept for 20 or 30. The code also requires the use of secure and safe disposal practices, particularly for data that has privacy and ethics issues if you're not keeping it. You need to make sure it's disposed of. However you do that in a way that other people or people who aren't authorized can get access to it so you don't chuck your hard drive on a tip somewhere without wiping it at the bit level. Again, I've just got a little summary of the sorts of things I think this requires of researchers. It's really just the cultivation of good practice in these things. Now I'm not saying we know all the answers. I can't tell you what the good practice is in all these areas yet. That's one of the things that Anne's will be doing. In the next two to three years, we are trying to be able to give you the best practice guides to these areas to these issues that you have to think about when you're curating research data.


Fish and Freaks welcome all back to the channel it is a steamer hot stinky steamer today every day this week well over a hundred degrees and so we are going to explore bass fishing in the hot summer heat I'm not talking about a little post front high pressure heat system coming in I'm talking about dog days I'm talking about no wind sweltering out there your skin turning a raw hide out on the lake that kind of thing me personally guys I really don't even like to go bass fishing in the dog days where I live I usually like to explore and go other places up north and go to some just different different climates that are much better for fishing the fish is fishing is actually really good this time you're in other places but where I live I'm about two zip codes away from the surface of the sun elderly pets livestock they are croaking and in fact I had a chicken the other day right after you got done laying an egg one of those hot days was like 108 bit the dust bit the dust post egg lay that's how hot it is down here right now so let's jump with the boat let's head out to the lake and I'll show you guys what I would do on one of these really hot nasty summer days all right so we're on the water right now the first thing I'll tell you guys don't mess around fishing in the heat a few hours out here in the in the afternoon can be pretty rough I personally don't wear sunscreen I haven't worn sunscreen all year long but I do cover up pretty well today if we're going with a big hat straw hat it's a good move gloves gloves so I even went to the dermatologist earlier this year got checked out all good but I just want to stay safe you know you're gonna fish out the sun for hours and hours at a time little vitamin D is good man you don't take the shirt off get some natural vitamin D I usually get like an hour if I'm fishing in the sun I'll take my shirt off and then everything goes back on gloves on face mask on if I don't have this thing really covering my face that's number one number two is drink the crap out of some water or whatever your favorite hydration drink is probably don't need to be going hard on the Bruce keys at like two or three after noon when it's you know 105 I know this is like really basic stuff but I'm just I'm we're starting from scratch here if you guys are not used to fishing in this heat I like to actually take a little water jug so I've got my water jug here that stays cool I usually put ice in it and then I'll also you know put some ice in the boat or use my refrigerator and then I'll fill this up with water and I'll put a little Himalayan salt in here for some electrolytes and some minerals because those are just extra things that you feel after you're sweating your your keister off out here for hours and hours now all that basic stuff is out of the way probably the biggest question that is going to come to mind is like what do you throw in the summertime when it's dead hot and to keep things basic is plastics gotta have plastics finesse plastics worms so we get into more of the baits here in a minute because I know you guys are curious about the baits but probably more importantly is the locations that you're gonna be fishing if you're going out to a lake middle of the day fishing you're going to need to look for some shade or some current or some depth so one of the first places I like to look is offshore cover you know usually starting like 18 to 20 foot somewhere down there and I'll start looking around for bait and things like that and I'll also look for docks I mean docks are just an essential way to find any kind of fish when it's really hot they love the shade it's cooler they don't have eyelids so they like to either get in a depth that is nice for light penetration where it's not harsh on their eyes or they'll get in some shade it's also going to be a little cooler the shade as we all know so those are big factors right there if you have current that's great all in a lot of our lakes here these reservoirs are not much current the way that you can kind of supplement current is wind so windy banks main lake stuff that's gonna have higher oxygen than the backs of the creeks where it is stagnant and hot some of you may be asking why the heck are you out here middle of the day it is 317 right now yes obviously the best time probably to go is early early in the morning but those bass have been feeding at night as well but right early in the morning you got that topwater bite there's a little bit of feeding activity left over from the night bite and then they're full and it goes dead I mean you're talking dead dead at like 9 a.m. and then it's in about three or four o'clock I usually see a little pickup it's like they're they're they're feeding that they had that morning is sort of waning off a little bit and they'll start feeding again so I'll usually go right to where they're shade where there's deep cover they might be you know starting to push shadow to the surface in some places even really get active and get that second meal going for the day then as it starts getting darker at sunset then I'll usually go up a little bit shallower and try to fish some sort of topwater so that is the win in the where for me on these blazing hot summer days now let's pick up a stick and let's talk about more of the bait selections so one of the first rods you're gonna need is some sort of moving bait rod fish that you actually see or schooling maybe they don't hit a topwater you got some wind coming around some some rocks some deeper cover that you want to hit you need something to throw a moving bait and for me you know one of the best ones for summer just in general and most bodies of water unless it's super clear is a crankbait a little medium dive in crankbait you can throw a deep dive in crankbait another thing I love to pick up in the summertime is a spoon it's great for clear water it also works in pretty stained water typically get some big bites and it's all over the place so when fish are chasing if they're just below the surface they'll hit a spoon if they're down at the bottom I can throw that at all depths and kind of hit that same thing with the swim bait really I've got a deep diving jighead in here I've got a three quarter ounce right now but you know a swim bait like this you can you can slow roll it deep you can cast it out if they're kind of busting near the surface and just reel it this is typically for a little better water clarity but these are some moving bait options that I like to have tied on the spinnerbait can be good but I like that more like early morning or if there's a shad spawn happening or if I've got to fish that around some covers and brush and things like that then I'll pick up the spinnerbait but typically this time of year fish are more out in those deeper spots more open water and these selections right here are pretty good for your moving baits but there's a million moving baits and there's a thousand different ways you can catch the fish so this is just my personal preferences on things for most of the lakes I fish the other thing you must have you must have in your selections is some sort of soft plastic dragger baby you got to have something to crawl around down there with your plastics whether that be a shaky head on a spinning setup or a big worm setup like I have here this is my favorite of all time for fishing post spawn through summer even in the fall offshore is 10 inch 10 inch worm this is the Mondo worm some sort of purplish color that's my personal preference but throw yourself four or five odd worm hook on there a three eights up to a half ounce and it doesn't have to be a Mondo worm but whatever you're dragging around you know trench hog whatever your favorite bait is put it on there and just drag that around when you when you're fishing around with the moving baits and you see something like oh man there's a there's a good tree I didn't see there oh I think there's some brush or maybe there's a rock pile right here that I really need to focus on that's when you want to pick this up and you want to just fish that thing really slow this is for the little fargic fish like right now in the middle of the day nothing's really happening not seeing any shad popping up no schooling taking place this is this is most likely the move is just dragging this around alright so to get you guys on a real-world example here I'm just gonna show you something that I would fish during this time of the day I'm just gonna look with the electronics a little bit I'm gonna pick up the spoon something I can fish pretty fast and look with fishing these spoons if you guys have never done it it's actually it's pretty fun strike you know off here on a big main lake point we've got some shad this is mostly white bass that are hanging around them and something that I'm gonna look for is a piece of cover that will hold and right now I'm off of a ledge so when I go up closer to the bank a little bit this is gonna this is gonna pop up to like 18 foot and that's most likely where some of the bass are going to be and how I work this bait is I'll throw it out let it sink to the bottom and then I'll hold my rod at about 10 o'clock and as soon as I see my line I'm talking as soon as I see my line go limp I'll reel it up three to five times just kind of depending on how excited these these fish want to get that should my usual retrieve I don't do anything with the rod I'm not lifting it I'll just use the reel for the most part and that's it when a fish hits it you kind of just keep reeling until they till they latch on just saw a little group of something I don't know what it was kind of up here on the hill this would be a good opportunity for really deep dive and crank bait to I just I hate throwing those I would rather throw this or swim bait over you know 18 foot 20 foot dive and crank baits a lot of shad off the off the ledge which is telling me it's not really feed time when when the fish get pretty excited they'll push the shad up onto the flat and they'll they'll use it as a little dinner table start eating them crap came out came out must have been some brush or something there's definitely a pile to my right that I was not aware of which I was probably just chunking my spoon all in and around that so I've got a there's a little brush a brush pile or something right here the rock brush or combination of both I'm gonna back back the boat up and try to focus on this with the worm oh yeah got him on the worm guys oh gosh it's a good one to just took off with that Mondo hot summer mouth usually when they get off I would try to keep them off that hot boat carpet come here there's a good one middle of the day bass right there just a chunk thanks probably a little over four pounds really chunky summer fish and just absolutely suck that Mondo worm we're gonna get this guy right back to the lake because he's basically baking baking out here in the Sun off they go oh my birds of calories out here so that is example number one for me how I like to target midday you know it's it's four o'clock right now that's a good sized bass for out here the next option that we could do is go up and try to find some shade and out here there's there's hardly any overhanging cover you know big cliffs and things like that that create shade in good water depth so it's it means boat docks it's marinas so if I have shade whether that be tree overhangs marina docks tires anything that creates shade I'm gonna go weightless wacky worm and a swim jig that's me that's me personally the reason I go with a swim jig and I'll put some sort of like grub on there like our love grub or something that kind of swims something I can skip good on the back of it 3 8 that's really good even lighter if you can get away with it and you can skip that thing pretty good ways under the cover so if you're if you got tree overhangs you know you got these docks that our fish are suspended under anything fish are suspended under I like to swim that a few feet under the surface and then obviously the weightless wacky worm you can skip a mile and then you're able to work that down to whatever depth you want if you're seeing fish on your electronics or you just you have an inkling or you even see fish you guys just saw a bird a little white heron that was just kind of hovering there I just watched him snipe a shad from a fish that was coming up and trying to eat the shad and anytime that you see you don't have to have shade or anything for this but it usually happens around creek channels I used to see this on fork all the time with the the blue herons but they would sit and wait over creek channels in the late part of the day the hot part of the day the summer into the evening they would sit there and wait because in the evenings those shad about five o'clock or so you know they start rising up and the bass will push them all the way up to the surface and they come right on in and steal those shad away from the fish and those birds fish for a living so that so they know what they're doing that's where you want to have a little swim bait maybe that swim jig anything you can fire over there quick a topwater ready to go as well so we're gonna fish some tires I have a little cover where I've seen this bird and then we're gonna go fish underneath some some big covered docks as well and see if we can get any bites so this is my absolute favorite swim jig combo I was last season I was fishing all my swim jigs on the reaction rod in the in the gold series I loved it it's still one of my favorites for fishing swim jigs but this year I switched to one of these glass composites and I just gets I just get a little better distance with it and the feel on it is amazing with a swim jig your hook is way more exposed so you don't have to worry about setting the hook like a regular jig really wrenching on them but this this this light a light glass I just I'm about it I'm about it for the skippage and I throw mine on braid may not get as many bites but I'm just I'm able to skip really well with that right there yeah skipping mcdoodle obviously like that is going to happen God think that was a crappy the tar off of it little brush a little brush around the docks there's a bass here we go the worm strikes again y'all now that one came out of this brush right here it's not a big one that's what I thought it was crappie it's about the size of one there's some brush right there so pretty close to the dock there's a couple of bass maybe a few crappie down there old Mondo strikes again sprayed lettuce one little summertime color so you could spend all day picking apart these docks swim jigs good because you can move with pretty good speed the wacky rig I'm not gonna show you guys I'm assuming a lot of you know how to fish that wacky rig on a spinning setup if you want to see my exact setup for that I'll leave a link for the video here down in the description where you can go check out my full setup for using the spinning gear to skip up under and that's how I just fish it in open water as well but if you don't have floating docks if you don't have overhanging shade or suspended fish you just have regular docks fixed docks I would fish those with like a jig a Texas rig a shaky head and fish that that worm or whatever you're fishing on the bottom and target those fish so docks if they're fixed those are an excellent way because they got shade you're just gonna have to target that cover post try to get back up under there it's a great way to target bass in the summer as well look at that the white bass are already starting to school here comes the blue heron off to get some shad okay here they are feeding on good size shad throw this two-step out here we can have a little fun get a big bass come up too oh see you buddy never turn my back on you they're busting good size shad right here this is when you want that walking bait this is hottest part of the day right now and you you almost wouldn't expect this to be happening you would expect like right at dark for this to happen but this is a good I'm telling you it's like the second sort of feeding starts happening this time of day and there's not as many anglers on the lake as well because no one wants to be out here when it's this hot so don't be that guy don't pass up the white bass or the striper whatever it is because a lot of these lakes the bass will hang around everything hangs around that it's feeding on shad are you kidding me that's like a buffet so don't be that guy that turned your back on him because you might just throw in there with a spoon or a crank bait something on the bottom and hook into a big bass some of those huge bass hang around white bass schools and we'll eat the falling dying shad and also eat the white bass themselves so don't count that out and look for them look for them just poppin might even get them on top water don't ignore it don't turn your back on them okay do me proud fish freaks never turn your back on a white bass so we have explored catching fish in the midday on the brush around the docks looking for that shade deep water now arguably everyone's favorite is top water so we're coming into the the evening hours and this is really one of the only top waters that I pick up in the blazing hot summer so we're gonna go throw this around some some windy points that probably have some bait fish on them we'll go search around and see if we can get any bass dance on our top water here you want braid or monofilament because they float but I like the connection with the braid and this combination with this rod this is the green series your action rod and with the braid it's it's just perfect for throwing these walking baits like this I'm gonna pause for a second here I'm gonna keep the two-step on hand I'm actually not gonna attach it to the reel I'm gonna put it just off to the side dang it guys yeah just missed one I got another bass on the Mondo worm it's kind of swimming a worm through a brush pile where I was wanting to throw topwater and might be the biggest one of the day oh there's a nice fish yes sir yes sir I just can't deny the Mondo worm man it's just undeniable in the heat of summer all right we'll let this beautiful baby go nice fish oh yeah got something decided to pick up a jigging spoon kind of work it through that same area see in the tops going crazy reaction bite only gets another white bass so large mouth be coming up at the top try to jump that's literally white bass there's crappie in there and there's large mouth on the same point these are these are big this kind of look like large mouth on the graph that one was suspended on the brush this might be a crappie rapid time big small we catch them all three species beautiful fish all right that shows you what the spoon will do power the spoon pretty undeniable worm and spoon just finished up throwing the two-step down the shaded bluff it was gonna happen right here if it was gonna happen at all it was gonna happen right here shade a little chop but I don't see any exploders man no no shad chasing activity which is weird just when I first got out here I saw a shad chasing activity at like 3 30 in the afternoon right now it's a prime time you would think for topwater and ain't happening so I think they're gearing up for the night the nighttime feed up it's been a straight-up worm dangle and that's okay with me and that is my take on extreme heat summer dangling y'all it was a tough day it can be a meat grinder out here but we still were able to catch the bass and it was all about the plastics really I caught some other fish on on different baits but like I said in the beginning plastics plastics plastics the Mondo worm it's just summertime player that's that's just what it is and really every bite that I got was offshore I was hoping to get a late day or even a midday around the bank kind of shallow topwater bite see some fish chasing but I never saw any of that up close to the bank it was all offshore so that makes it more difficult you know finding those fish but again the keys got to find either deep water with cover shade or some sort of current of a dissolved oxygen this time of year is is like gold for bass so anyway they can get it they are going to take advantage of that take care of yourself in the heat drink lots of water definitely cover up with some gear go to googinsquad.com you can get loaded up on boat shorts some of the apparel that feels like you're wearing nothing which helps out here and then get yourself at least some Mondo worms because you don't need them thank you guys for hanging out with me on this scorcher day subscribe to the channel for more outdoor adventures and I'll see you on the next one


Next question is from InJoy5. What are your thoughts and opinions on cluster sets? How are they best utilized? How are they best programmed? What exercises do they work well with? Who was it that we had on here? Was it John Meadows or was it Scott Stevenson? I think it was John Meadows. Was it John Meadows? No. It was one of those two. I think it was Stevenson. Yeah, it was either Stevenson or, and I had to be honest that before that I hadn't really incorporated them that much and I went on a kick after we had them on the show. This was like a year or two ago and I really, I really enjoyed incorporating them into my routine.  Techniques, there you go. Techniques is a better word. Techniques like this is that you, we do it and you're like, just like me. I was like, oh, wow. I got a nice response from it. Notice a little bit of gains in my, I was using it for my arms, like bicep curls. I think that was the example he used with, oh, you know, it's Arm Day tomorrow. I'm going to do that. And I really liked it. And I did it for a few weeks and saw great results from it. Yeah, I would say that you're, so first off, a cluster set is doing a set to fatigue, pausing for about 10 seconds and then seeing if you could do more. So that's what a cluster set is. I like them for hypertrophy. I like them for the pump, but Adam makes a great point. You get stuck. If you stick to it too long, it stops working. It's a great technique to inject into your routine when you haven't done them in a while, especially if you're in a phase, like phase three of MAPS anabolic, for example, is more focused on the pump. I like cluster sets for the pump. They do work strength stamina. So for performance, you build a little bit of strength stamina. I like to program them at the end of a workout, not necessarily at the beginning of the workout. And exercise-wise, they tend to work better for isolation movements than compound movements because there's so much fatigue involved. When you do these with compound movements, your form starts to break down. And then, you know, with the compound movement. I would not recommend these for squatting, deadlifting, overhead pressing. These are great for bicep curls, laterals. Yeah, tricep push down, laterals. It's an interrupter.  And so I think that there's no harm in incorporating if you've been in the gym, you've done, you know, all the foundational things, and it's something to kind of place in there for a short period of time. I think it does provide a new stimulus. That's good. So what I liked about it, right? So I believe his, and by the way, there's lots of different protocols, right? So depending on who you're talking to, will you get a different like prescription of this is how to do a cluster set, right? Cause I'm sure someone will hear this be like, that's not how it's done. It's done like this. I believe the way Stevenson or Meadows, whoever it was that we were talking to, I think the way he did it, and the way I went and emulated afterwards was he does, you pick a weight that you could do eight to 10 reps with, but you stop at four and you stop at four and then I think you rest for five seconds in between. Now what you find is that- You end up doing way more, right? Yeah, you end up doing way more. So a weight that you could do like eight to 12 reps, you now, you do them in blocks of four with these little five second rest periods in between. And what you find out you end up doing is instead of doing eight to 12, you end up can do 16 to 20. Yeah, 16 to 20 for one set. And so that's kind of cool. So you end up getting, and that's where the real benefit comes from. I mean, when you talk about volume, you end up increasing the amount of volume on that exercise. Actually, the way I programmed them in is it replaced my bicep workout completely. It wasn't just an exercise. It was just like, okay, if I'm doing bicep, this is all I'm doing for biceps. I literally just did cluster sets for my buys for a good three, four weeks and saw phenomenal results because of the increased volume. Because if I was just doing straight sets and with that type of weight, I would have only been able to do eight to 10 reps for three or four sets where because I was doing it with the cluster sets, I was able to do five or six sets of that same weight and get more reps out. So I ended up increasing the volume of training that I was doing on the arms. That's the real benefit. But as after doing it for three or four weeks, my body then adapts to that and gets pretty used to that weight and that way of training, that by switching it back up again, I get great benefits again too.


If you're in a season-long fantasy league that's not too deep, a quarterback streaming option might be Marcus Mariota. Greg, if he's available, what do you like about Mariota? Yeah, so in almost all my fantasy leases here, Maria, I picked Marcus Mariota as a second quarterback. If I could draft a veteran, a Matthew Stafford, a Matt Ryan, someone like that, I always backed it up with Marcus Mariota because just last year, he was a guy that was going in the top ten. We all expected a major breakout, and for whatever reason, it didn't happen. And one, as I said, for whatever reason, one of those reasons might have been the head coach and the offense just was too old school. It didn't work for Mariota. That's all changed. Well, another reason might have been his health as well. Yeah, his health. He was seemingly never healthy. And now, with Matt LaFleur as the offensive coordinator, with Mike Ravel as the head coach, I believe this has all changed. But I think fantasy owners just want to look. They weren't confident having him as their starting quarterback on draft day. But in this matchup against the Miami team that has ranked 25th against the past four opposing quarterbacks, Mariota may be a great start in week one. You may be dealing with some injuries. You may be dealing with a quarterback whose matchup you simply do not like. That's where you can enter Mariota. I backed my teams up with Mariota, with Alex Smith and with Dak Prescott. But Mariota may have the highest ceiling out of all of them. I love Marcus Mariota going forward, and I absolutely love him this week.  Total gamer, Marcus Mariota. Good option for week one if you need a streamer.


This video looks at the characteristics of the outer planets, dwarf planets, moons and comets. To see the review of the inner planets, watch this video. The common feature of the outer planets is that they are all gas giants. They have no solid surface. What we observe is a ball of gas or vapor, so we cannot land on them. There is a lot to take in, so you may want to pause the video to have a good read. Which of the gas giants has rings? Pause the video while you think of an answer. The answer is that all four of them have rings, but only those of Saturn are visible from the Earth. Until 2006, a verse to recall the planetary order could have been My very elegant mother always jumps sideways underneath pillows. In that year, it was decided that Pluto was not a true planet, and so was reclassified as a dwarf planet. Poor Pluto. There are certain rules to be a planet. Firstly, you must be in orbit around the Sun. Secondly, you must be heavy enough to be almost spherical in shape. And thirdly, you have cleared your neighborhood of rocks and debris. Pluto joined other named dwarf planets, which are bodies that orbit a star and have a stable shape, but have not cleared their orbit of other debris. The large asteroid Ceres is another example of a dwarf planet, and others well beyond Pluto are being discovered. A moon is a natural satellite. It's a body which orbits a planet, and so of course is part of the solar system. As you will have seen, some of the planets have a large number of moons, and some none at all. Stop the video if you want to go back and look. Earth is unusual, as our moon, the moon, is large when compared to the planet in orbits. It is thought that the moon was created very early on in the life of the Earth after a significant interplanetary collision which ejected rock which was then captured in orbit. There are other objects that are part of our solar system we rarely see. Comets People once thought the appearance of a comet in the night sky was a warning of a tragic event about to happen. Comets are similar to large dirty snowballs, a few tens of kilometers across that follow a huge elliptical path around the sun that may take decades, centuries or longer to complete one orbit. It was Sir Edmund Haley who was first to successfully predict the return of a comet that now bears his name. It returns every 75 years and was last seen in 1986. You do the maths. These ancient objects only become visible when their orbit brings them near to the sun. That's when a huge tail of vaporized material is lit up by sunlight. Notice that the tail always points away from the sun as it passes by, showing the effect of the invisible solar wind, leaving the surface of the star. Before you go, did you remember the verse to recall the order of the planets? Thank you for watching!