Tiwara. Paidaway. Pani konegau ways Kievana. BEIHTEA. Ellepu laughed programme. Koa Victoria Toko Inua. I'm from the United Nations Youth New Zealand and I run the Aotearoa Youth Declaration Conference. So it's an awesome honour to be here facilitating the youth panel today. So basically we'll just get them to introduce themselves, we'll run through a few questions and then we'll have some questions from the audience. So keep those to the end. Yeah awesome, introduce yourself Charlotte. Kia ora. So my name is Charlotte, I'm a Year 9 student at St Oran's and yeah I guess I'm just really keen on kind of getting involved in my community and just helping people out, yeah. Kia ora everybody. Ko Kanihi Parahare Toko Inua, my name's Kanihi. I'm a dissenter from Tuhoe and Te Atiawa. I'm passionate about my Māori culture and having an understanding that our culture, there are values there that youth can use, as well as that adults can use to better our future. Kia ora. Kapa kapa, how's everyone doing today?  Kia ora, kia ora. Ko Wateni Moana Campbell Toko Inua, a 12, a 12 i ki te Kura Kaupapa Māori o Ngāti Pūna. Kia ora everyone, my name is Wateni Moana Campbell. I am a Year 12 student at Te Kura Kaupapa Māori o Ngāti Pūna. My father's side I'm from Ngāti Pro, Ngāpuhi. I'm a mother's side I'm from Ngāti Awa, Ngāti Kahungunu. I'm really passionate about voicing my own opinions, voicing my own thoughts to make a betterment for my people and for my culture. Tēnā tātou. Kia ora. We'll start off, we'll go straight into the deep end. What are sort of the biggest challenges or sort of adversity that young people rangatahi face in Aotearoa today in our generation? So something that really affects me and really just kind of affects a lot of people in my class and in my school is mental illnesses and like it seems to me after talking to like my parents and talking to a lot of the kind of all the people that I know that it's something that seems to have sprung up so much more within my generation and yet there's still so much stigma around it. So I think that it's incredibly important to kind of get rid of that stigma and that until we do that we're never really going to be able to face the problem and really solve it. Same with mental health as well. The education systems that that's been a big topic this morning as I was listening and those education having stress on youth having to study at this time at the moment in study mode for our exams at the end of the year and it's the stress that those exams have on youth that can cause mental health and sometimes not having the sense of belonging to anything and sense of identity and that's where I believe it can be an issue for the development of our youth in the future. So I also believe that sense of belonging is very important to Te Rangatahi of today just because by having that sense of belonging I believe that young people are more confident into sharing their voices, sharing their thoughts about our everyday problems. So for me personally I come from a very big school with all it's 100 students from year one all the way up to year 13 and all of our subjects are all done in Te Reo Māori but and saying that our English isn't as strong as our Te Reo Māori so when it comes to voicing our opinions in English some of our students may not be as confident as they are but by having that sense of belonging I guess it helps them in sharing their voices and sharing their opinions so yeah I really agree on what has been said so far. Sort of segueing on from that. How do you voice your opinions? You're all under 18. How do you contribute to the development and growth of your community to Te Rangatahi in your community? What ways can you be an active citizen as a young person? Yeah I would really I think that one of the most powerful things that I have as a young girl in New Zealand would be my social media which is often kind of viewed as like a negative thing but for me it's been a massive way of how I can express my opinions and really express my viewpoints and I think that it's it's kind of incredible because so many people have access to it so you can you can find out so much about other people and learn so much about other people and it's it seems like a platform where it's not just one voice that's being heard it's all different voices which I think is really really good. I say for me my mother has a saying that you don't know what you don't know you should just give it a shot so my mother pretty much just throws me in whatever and then just hope for the best I guess and but I'm saying that I've been lucky enough to be a part of the Wellington City Council youth or the youth oh what is it the youth council I guess for Wellington City and there's been a major I guess amplifier for me to voice my own thoughts and opinions so yeah. Myself personally it's been my culture has allowed me to voice my opinions and what I believe in we have I've participated in speech competitions it's well known around New Zealand it's Manu Kōrero for secondary school students topics 10 sets of topics are given given out and each each youth whoever wants to participate in this contest are able to choose the top topic and talk about it and what they believe in with using the values of within Māori culture I've also been fortunate enough to participate in a youth forum that was held in Hawaii as well as in Japan and it's known as partnership for youth vision 2030 and that has also been another opportunity for myself to voice my opinion and what I believe in well for the betterment of the benefit to benefit our youth and that's those are the other news that I've been able to participate in awesome awesome and sort of going along with this theme the main ways for people on 18 to directly engage with government and local government is submissions essentially is the English written language by submissions the best way for young people to be engaging or is social media forums what ways can young people engage and how can governance bodies engage better and recognize different forms of engagement with young people you can think about it you know that is it's really important because I know I'm part of youth council as well the Hutt City one and something that we wanted to do was instead of just writing out a submission we wanted to put it in video format and I feel like if we could get this into kind of the way that our government works and that you can put it in video or you can put it in you know however you want I think it would kind of help people that might not be good at writing or that might not be good at speaking to kind of yeah get involved with that we have a scene in Māori meaning ka nohi ki te ka nohi and which translates face to face really and when you have a face to face conversation there is a sense that you have been heard right there directly in front of you and that that's that's something that it's better for I feel it's better for you to have is that face to face contact with government officials and and social media is also there it can get around however to being able to voice the opinion that I believe it's face to face I agree with what they said so currently in our Wellington City Youth Council one of our main priorities is being able to make create submissions and just making mock submissions to get their practice in before we have to actually submit a real submission to the council so that's been a really good opportunity for me just because not only do we get the opportunity to voice our opinions in written format we also state in our submission that we would like to head over to council to also give an oral submission as well so not only is it in written format but also being able to speak your voices in opinions so yeah yeah awesome um in terms of the challenge that we just discussed and the ways to engage with decision-making what is what is your youth vision for Olteraw for the world for the challenges that we face for climate change for an equity for inequalities what is your vision for Olteraw what would your ideal use even look like um yeah yeah I think um something that that I think is really awesome is that my generation and that the the youth generation um we've been proven to be a lot more accepting of different people so of different sexualities and genders and races and cultures um and I think that if we could further on this acceptance that we have and if we could put it into our police force and our government and our hospitals um and just totally break down those stereotypes that we're living with um I think they will be really awesome yeah um yes I agree I agree with that continuing on with that um I'd like to see that our country is connecting more with the indigenous cultures and how um indigenous people are quite close with the environment and that the environment telling us things but we're not we're too focused on on our normal life that we're not under not listening to the environment um with all the disasters that are happening that that's that that's an environment talking that's mother telling us that we need to wake up and that's what I believe that we need to connect with our indigenous people um to connect to be able to connect with our land uh and listen to it and um for yeah well for youth to be able to take that as well so I have a dream that one day um one day indigenous cultures uh will all be it'll be the normal I guess to foster and promote indigenous cultures right here in Aotearoa I have a dream that one day rangatahi will be confident and to sharing their voices sharing the opinions because uh as I say in goes uh kumata ngarangatira moapu whua are the leaders for tomorrow so I think it's a really important thing that uh we learn uh to voice our thoughts and opinions right now uh for the betterment for our absolutely absolutely um in terms of being involved for our young people to be involved in these and facing these challenges and this is very relevant for everyone here how what's the best way to engage with young people how do you know when you're meaningfully involved when you're valued when you're legitimised in any decision-making process big question um yeah I know like I went to an event um just a couple weeks ago um and I know that the youth minister for New Zealand was there um and it was amazing um and he came up and talked to us as a group after that and instead of just coming and talking to us and just speaking to us he actually asked us he was like well well what do you guys want and what do you guys want to see um and I think I was taken back because that was one of the first time when speaking to like a high up person and when speaking to a government person that they'd actually been interested in what we had to say and actually listened without just kind of blabbing stuff at us um so yeah I would I don't I don't know if that answers your question but I think um nah it is it's important to actually ask questions not just as a formality but to actually want want to know the answer and to actually listen to the answer I absolutely agree with that and that goes back to to to what I was saying about kanohi ki te kanohi face to face and being eye to eye uh having that sense that we're on the same level and that adults are listening to the youth however that youth uh adults can discipline the youth however and when there's that one level that we are all on it's more understanding between both um the adult and and the youth and that's and yeah eye to eye having that on the same platform and not having one up higher um that's what I I believe here uh yeah so I'm also going off of that um I'm lucky enough to be uh one of 12 members to be in Minister Chris Hipkins youth advisory group um and it's been a really amazing journey because um as we share our thoughts it feels like it's actually being listened to like genuinely listened to by other adults and by the people who come into our meetings and it's not just something to tick a box I guess that oh yeah we've we've spoken to rangata we've spoken to you if you'll tick the box no it's actually like they come they really listen and they really implement our thoughts uh into the process of our education system so yeah I guess that's what rangata who really look for is somebody who's actually listening not just there to tick a box oh and also we don't like just sitting around listening to people we like games as well so if you yeah and lollies um awesome we've got about five minutes maybe two questions from the audience put it out there first and first serve maybe oh oh thanks very much guys cura my name is Richard Osmiston from the New Zealand Institute of Resource Based Economics the future that we are proposing has no money in it no currency everything is free and everything is voluntary and one of the comebacks that we get is that nobody will volunteer to do anything in adults we see plenty of volunteering in New Zealand I mean it blows us away how much volunteering is but it's very difficult to get a representative sample from younger people the people the young people my kids their friends etc that surround us of course they're all in my kind of bubble so they're all super positive in a in a future society that supports us that is not predatory that is not exploiting where we are all on the same page as we're all human beings at the end of the day do you think that yourselves and your friends and school school colleagues and everything would they volunteer for a society that supports them because there isn't going to be an external reward it's just going to be is it worth doing it would you volunteer for a society that supports you so yeah a good question I guess just going off of what Charlotte said about eliminating that stigma so I think that part of the reason that young people aren't volunteering enough is because that it's seen to not be as cool as sitting at home playing the piece for fortnight for whatever you know fortnight so I guess that's that's part of the that's part of the problem and it is an ongoing process that we want to normalise I guess just I guess eliminate that stigma of it not being cool because it is it is pretty cool to volunteer for that is the coolest thing so yeah I'm just going to stop talking now I see that oh what comes to mind with that question is that in Māori we have a proverb they nakute raurau, naute raurau kaurai te iwi which is me translates with my basket and your basket the people will live and youth now there's a barrier there that they believe that they are entitled to everything and anything however that when you are when you are giving yourself to to an organisation to to something that will benefit the future of others that's something that we will need to be delivered within us that's all yeah um yeah I would say from my experience volunteering as a young person um it's a weird kind of level to stand on because you're not an employee you're not working for them I guess um but then you don't have the same respect as being a customer so you're on this weird level where it's like and particularly being a young person it's like you don't know where you stand and some people don't treat you very well so I think if you want to get more young people into volunteering it needs to start with really respecting the volunteers that we have and treating them not less because they're not being paid but actually I think you should kind of treat them better because they're taking it out of their time without that thing of just like wanting money I guess okay one question and it'll have to be like three words is a question yeah yell it out so when you guys look into your future lives um with climate change being the backdrop of it all what do you see good question um yeah I mean to be honest I don't know a huge amount about climate change but um kind of from a young person's perspective I think um we're we're put in a hard mindset because on one hand you've got um like really cheap clothes and all the kind of fashionable clothes I guess um I made in sweatshops and seem to be unsustainable um so on one hand um you're kind of like yeah well I want to be I want to be good for the environment um so then I won't use these clothes but then on the other hand it's like but those are the nice clothes um so I think um and that's not true because there are so many amazing clothing brands that are so supportive of the environment and I think it's a mindset shift that we need to have among young people um and that's something that we all need to work on um but yeah um we'll wrap it up there I think I'd like to leave the audience with with a whakatoki quickly um Hewaka Ekenawa a canoe which we're all in with no exception and that means that young people in that canoe too we uh part of the paddling we're part of driving to the direction so we need to be there at the table our ideas and um visions need to be valued as equally as anyone else's at that table and that's the only way forward that we're going to be able to take on these challenges like climate change is that if we're there we're respected and we're legitimised I think we've all echoed that quite well today and I hope that you've been able to take that on board as well so yeah kia ora thank you


It's not just set here in St. Paul, Minnesota. Hope you're doing well. Welcome to Think Tech Hawaii. Really happy today to have our guests with us. We've got a really accomplished panel. I think we have a good topic for discussion. We're joined today by Linda Hansen, President Emerita of Hamlin University and a nationally recognized consultant in higher education. Tina Patterson, the principal for Jade Solutions. She's a recognized arbitrator and a mediator. And we also have Amy Schmitz, a prolific scholar who's been at the University of Colorado, University of Missouri, and now holds a chaired position at the Ohio State University Moritz College of Law. So thank you for joining us. I think we've got a good topic. A lot of people are talking about the presidential election coming up, concerns about the age of the two leading candidates. And so I'd like to talk first about is 82 all to be president and where are we with ageism in our society right now? Are things getting worse? Are they getting better? What's your perception of ageism and the presidential election? And Linda, would you like to start us? Of course. The older I get, the more I think, my actual age has jumped up another decade. And yet I feel like I've gone back a decade. I mean, it's all relative in terms of how we feel about our age. I think it's obviously an historical moment to have two 80-year-olds running or post-80-year-olds, all of them in one instance. I think a lot of people misinterpret vitality or the appearance of vitality to be something that ages one, so that if one is perhaps more sedate, in earlier times, we might have thought of that as a person who is more reserved, a person of wisdom, a person who might be more approachable because they're not out there in your face, if you will. Whereas we look at someone else who's very much an extrovert, who's pounding the table and waving the arms and asking for attention in every which way, we might think, well, that person's more vigorous, that person's younger because of the way they appear. So I think oftentimes we look for signals of youth and vitality in the wrong places. They might very well be there, the wisdom, the knowledge, the intelligence, the ability to perform seems to be drifting away because we are locking ourselves into some of the features of what age, the appropriate age might be to be president. Thank you, Linda. Tina? I completely agree with Linda. I am surprised, and I shouldn't be surprised, the age of these candidates wasn't so much talked about in the first round of elections in 2016 timeframe. It's become more apparent, and I think part of it is, as Linda has highlighted, this correlation that we're making between vitality, cognitive ability, and leadership ability with age. And I'll just say, not so certain we can make that correlation. I think the other factor here is that we have a growing number of individuals who can vote, who are looking at these individuals and making the correlation between a great aunt, a great uncle, a grandfather, a great grandfather. I actually have a colleague who refers to the current president as grandpa, which gives me, that coloring already tells me this person thinks, maybe it's time for you to not be in the position of leadership. But I also think it has a lot to do with our Western perspective regarding leadership. Historically, we vote for the candidate that we find the most attractive, usually the taller. When we talk about executive presence and a leader, especially the leader of a head of state, should have a certain profile. And that same profile applies when we look in the business setting. The men should look a certain way, be a certain height, be a certain age. The women should look a certain way, be a certain height. So we have two candidates who for all intents and purposes have the height requirement or close to the height requirement. It's their age that we're talking about. And where does that fit into the cognitive ability? Yeah, well, the American Psychological Association says that ageism is one of the last socially acceptable prejudices. Absolutely. Amy? Yeah, so I would just build on what Tina said. I agree 100%. And I also think that often it's all about the way the media presents the picture of it. So it's been quite concerning to me in the way that media really paints a picture about someone's age and what that means for one individual versus another. And so along with what Linda had mentioned, this idea that vitality is being strong and mean in some circumstances, instead of really thinking in depth about really, are you a good leader? What have you done? I listened to a podcast recently and kind of really looking at the last four years and thinking about really the good things that happened. It's quite amazing that we navigated what could have been a recession. And I think that we often lose track of that because there's so much media around age and what that means. Yeah, special counsel, Robert, her recently released a report about whether there's a prosecution for President Biden's handling of classified documents after he got out of office. And he concluded, no, I don't think he could be prosecuted here, but then kind of threw in this line, I found it to be a sympathetic, elderly old man or elderly. I found to be, I'll quote it exactly, a sympathetic, well-meaning elderly man with a poor memory. What do you think of that? I mean, about having that in the report? I think it went beyond the bounds of his charge and what he was supposed to do as a special counsel and investigator. He could have expressed his conclusion, probably in five pages. And I understand it was many, many more pages than that. I think that to the point of the twists of information and the inflections that are made and the insinuations that are made, just the word elderly. When we're thinking about a president, a sitting president, and then also an election year for the next president, and we're using words like elderly and well-meaning, that kind of a thing immediately denigrates the person, denigrates both of them. And basically, it makes us wonder, well, do they really have their intelligence? Are they able to conduct the business of the country? Are they able to go toe-to-toe with world leaders? And yet if we just reflect back over the last year, if we were able to look at the travel schedule of how our president has been all over the world in incredibly tight timeframes, it's almost as if he's jumping from here to here and you wonder how in the world is he be able to do all of that? I've often thought, I'm not sure I could have the physicality to be able to take that kind of a schedule. So again, I'm kind of back to, there's more than just the mental agility, there's the physical ability to carry out the duties of the office. Words matter. Yeah, senior citizen, elderly, they've got negative connotations. Would we better off, would we just refer to somebody by their actual numerical age when we quite have so many connotations that go along with it? Tina, do you have any more thoughts? I do, and I'm gonna backtrack to what Linda said, which is words matter, and the fact that this person has opined, given a personal opinion about an area to which he has no expertise. We don't know what the president's cognitive ability is. We don't know what his memory is. So to share that statement in a report that's really supposed to be investigating the facts and coming up with a, if you will, an answer or a conclusion based on what's been presented, we don't know whether his memory is good or bad. We can guess at any given moment, most of us forget something or don't recall something and need to either be prodded or suddenly when we're not trying to deal with five or six different things, suddenly remember, oh, yes, this is what I need to take care of. It's not necessarily a factor of age. It's oftentimes you are responding to multiple stimuli and it's the stimuli that's getting your attention at that very moment that you're going to be compelled to react or respond to. So one, the report, but also the words. And I'm gonna go back to this concept of Western versus other cultures. This time last year was in India and it was interesting because I was with a group where I was one of the youngest in the group. The people over 60, everyone over 60 was treated. They got on the plane first when it was time to board the bus to get on the plane. They were given special compensation and what I mean that I'm not talking monetary, but literally people made way, oh, you're over 60.  Get in line like everyone else. There's that difference in approach and opinion and in some ways you are becoming less than with age is the complete opposite of what many people in this space are feeling. Going back to the business setting, we see this in the intergenerational workforce. The Gen Z says the baby bloomers and what is sometimes called the silent generation need to go home and stay home and the baby bloomers and silent generation are saying you need to come to work. That this is playing out even in this report and even in the way that we use terms, there should be no stigma attached to being a senior citizen. This person has earned their place, earned their right to be in this space. They could be in a different capacity altogether. So it's that stigma that's attached to the word and part of it is we've allowed it and we continue to allow but also reshaping that conversation. Yeah, I mean, when you think about when you look at late night television hosts and you see what some of those skits are and how people are mocked because of their age and you think, could you have that same skit based on race or ethnicity right now based on gender? Probably not, but somehow it's still acceptable to do it based on age. I mean, it is discouraging how this national debate about our candidates is kind of feared towards ageism instead of about leadership. Experience is worth a lot. And I think one strength of President Biden's is his ability to assemble a really good team. He has wonderful people working for him and that's because he's got the experience that I know who's available, how to use them. And instead of focusing on things like that we're getting distracted by this just numerical debate about age, Amy? Yeah, so I would add in that I think it's also important to think about labels. So when you label someone, the way that they did in that report about Biden, old man, right? You label someone. I think it creates a whole different sort of picture of who they are and what that means. So for example, even in class today teaching contract law we were looking at unconscionability and they label people even in court opinions about someone who's illiterate or who maybe doesn't have like a lot of education and they make a whole lot of assumptions about people based on labels. And so I'm very concerned by the label to say elderly, right, but that label means something. And then that creates a whole kind of connotation that may or may not be right as we've discussed. They may be perfectly vibrant and perfectly in line with understanding best practices and best things that they can do. But I think that we make a lot of assumptions based on labels in our society and we have to be very careful with that. Even today I was very encouraged because students noticed that we were reading different cases and they saw that in the court's opinion. And a student raised his hand and he said, you know, that's not fair and I love that. To me that is exciting about students and being able to like discern that this is an assumption that is not necessarily true. And I think it's really important for us even as a society when we go forward toward the election is never to make assumptions about a label. And that does worry me if they are thinking about things in terms of labels, the whole old man thing. Because that's not really fair. The youngest person might be an old person in other ways. Like intuitively and innovation and all the rest of it. But either way, like I do think that's concerning to me. And I also wanna add one other point which is I feel like things have become so politicized in the way that they even use this which is very concerning to me. Like why aren't we looking at both sides? Democrat, Republican, they're both old. The people who are running. But it seems as though everything is focused on Biden but why are we ignoring the fact that Trump is also old? Yeah. Can I add another point? Sure. And this goes back to what Linda said and there's actual photography that shows this. The physicality of the job as the president of the United States, the demands of the job. I think we saw this more clearly with former President Obama because he actually gave a snapshot of his day and we can safely assume that the other presidents have done more or less the same day. Same thing. Where their day starts at 5 a.m. and ends sometimes at 2 a.m. They may get a phone call in the middle of the night. The stress that that person is under because that call at 2 a.m. is generally not pizzas being delivered. It's usually something urgent, something that requires them getting up and being able to think quickly. I say all this to say, when we look at pictures of former presidents, when they came into office and when they left office, they look, and no disrespect intended, stressed and haggard. They, many of them did their best. President Clinton, the younger President Bush and President Obama, all of them had some form of physical fitness that they were involved in but you see what they look like six months later and it's a refreshed individual. So piling onto this, talking about age, let's talk about really the demands of the job and how that can literally wear down someone. I'm not a physician, but I would say it's safe to say the stress of the job, not just for one term, but for two terms, it's probably the equivalent of lifetime of stress activity and the stress on the body, the stress on the mind, all of that. And that's why experience is so important because it isn't a job that you can do alone. You really need to have talented, reliable, smart, experienced people around you and have the ability to identify who those people are.  Linda, are you gonna step in? Could I add something that's sort of in a different direction? One of the things I think that's ironic is that we are in an economy that has been developed over the last four years, which everyone was expecting to tank, everyone was expecting to have a recession, something really, really bad was gonna happen. And yet the major driver of the economy, in addition to the expertise of the companies and their evaluation and their growth, is also the investments that people who are in retirement, I like to use preferment rather than retirement because there are many, I almost look at like this is the last third, you know your life kind of divides itself up into different periods of time. And the people who were accruing wealth or accruing money to live and to sustain themselves in the last 20, 30 years of their lives was perhaps for putting their grandchildren through college for a variety of things, maybe being able to travel, do a lot of those kinds of things. But that's a major mover in our economy right now travel, leisure, the kinds of things that people buy as a consumer, that's a whole marketplace. Just take any show and look at the ads. They're all about being well, being healthy. Here's the drug. This is something else that's gonna help you. This is something that's going to make your life better. And all the people who are on those ads, you know, they're not 30 year olds. They're people who are in their 60s and their 70s. Oh, I got this new drug or I did this new thing and I'm in great health now. So it's assuming that all of these things are being indulged in by that demographic. And it has a direct relationship, I think, to the economy. And what is Biden, for example, getting blasted for all, you know, they don't know that many of the things that he has put into place and his team. I agree so much with what David's saying that he's got a fantastic team. And Tina, your reference to how people look. I've been watching Tony Blinken over the last year. He has gone completely gray in one year. And that has to come in the line of duty, in the line of his work. I would also just echo the team aspect. So, Dave, what you mentioned, I really feel strongly on that.  And that's really important when we think about government and how it, like honestly, I was trying to explain that to others sort of who think, oh, well, Biden isn't, but look at the team.  And even right now, Linda, great points because we've made it through what could have been a recession, why is that? Well, I think the team was smart, right? They were wise. And the team was able to navigate this idea of how do we navigate the interest rates when we're in an inflationary period, right? And so it was a very like difficult dance to make sure that we did it just right. I don't know if people really realized how amazing it is that we did not go into recession. And that is part of the team and the people who were assembled to work with the Biden team. Yeah, if we look backwards and recall what every economist of any note was saying, they were all predicted recession. Everybody was. So it is pretty amazing that we did not stumble into that. That we somehow avoided that. And that's an expert hand that kind of guided us through that. So we're talking about politics and we're talking about ageism just to expand our focus a little bit. Do you see ageism in any other parts of our lives? Anybody can jump in? Every time I go to buy a piece of clothing, I see it. I used to be able to wear a slacks that I didn't have to go and have them hemmed up. And now it's because they're all, again, it's a broad sweeping statement, but I think even the way clothing is made, it is geared toward a certain demographic. And unfortunately, people who are of a certain age end up having to gravitate to a couple of purveyors of clothing that really fit them, fit real bodies that fit people who are of a certain age because when I was 30, it's not a 12 today, believe me, it's not. So maybe you're not relating to this, David, but women were related to this. Things have changed and those manufacturers who've been able to adjust their products to women. And I speak mostly about women, especially skincare products. This product will make you look 30 years younger.  Have you? Is your hair falling out? All these kinds of things. The first thing I think is, okay, maybe we don't need to be fixed. Maybe we are just fine the way we are, but there's this assumption like, oh, we got to keep looking younger. Yeah, to me that's ageism. Academia, right?  And even my sisters are both teachers and my one sister has gone gray, but she's dyeing her hair. And I asked her, why not just go gray? She's like, students wouldn't respect her if her hair was gray, which to me is so sad. But I think ageism is why. Tina, any thoughts? Absolutely, to Linda's point, I see it in the business setting and I see it on two sides. I see it in hiring. And is this person, can this person perform their duty? Are they too old? Are they going to, instead of looking at, can they perform the essential job function that you have written? And we see it in settings where, when it comes to technology, well, such and such is in a label-less place.  You don't know that. And so you've actually spoken with the person. And it goes the other way. We've talked about ageism looking at those who are older in years, but it can also go the other way, as I mentioned before, having someone you're going to talk to in an interview and assuming her information indicates she's X years old or she recently graduated and you're expecting the person to come in and not look necessarily appropriate for work or for an interview. It goes both ways, but again, back into that intergenerational workforce, this constant push-pull, who's got the power? Who's going to be the decision maker? And giving each other the grace and space to say, you bring something to the table, let's see what it is and where does it fit in the bigger picture instead of automatically assuming there's a limit, a limitation or you can't do something. My cousin does post-production video work. And at one point he was president of Richard Branson's post-production company. He did post-production work for Madonna for the biggest pop stars. This year he turned 60. He's got this long resume of accomplishments, but people are not hiring him now. In that world, he turned 60. Regardless of, he's the same guy. He's got all the talents he had before and he's better than he ever was, but he's really encountering difficulty in that industry. So I do think that it is kind of pervasive and we do need to push back against it and be aware. And when we see somebody mocking older people as kind of a, this is our theme for our comedy, we got to draw the analogy to other groups that are being disadvantaged and say that, look, you wouldn't tolerate for these other groups, don't tolerate it here either. I think that's really important to call it out. I happened to be getting on an elevator the other day and there was this workman and he had his light and he had his ladder. And so when I looked at him, I said, there's a man with a ladder. He's got a day before I started to chat him up. And I could see, because he was a nice attractive young man and he was surprised. I could see the surprise on his face that I was trying to engage him. And we had a lovely conversation, but they just don't expect that kind of a conversation. They don't expect to be engaged by someone like me, whereas maybe someone younger, they would expect to have a look and a little bit of a conversation or whatnot. And I just do it just for the heck of it. I think it's fun to just get people talking. And they always react, they generally react very positively. I'm looking at our clock. I see we've got a minute and 15 seconds left. So time flies when we're having fun. Any final thoughts? I'll start with Tina. Dave, I think about how much in our lifetime, when we're young, we want to be older. And then we reach a point, it's usually around 40 when we realize, oh my gosh, I'm running out of time. And now, because of where we are as a society, it's don't you want to be young again? And the answer is no, I love exactly where I am. That's great. So my big takeaway is labels. I feel like labels aren't appropriate. We need to look at the people and think about how they are and what they can do and not put labels on people. And that to me is discrimination no matter what, to put a label on someone and assume negative or positive based on that label. And Linda. I would just say finally, if we could get the message of live in the present, if we could just live in the present, I think we'd all be better off. Well, thank you for a really wonderful conversation. I can't believe how quickly the time flew by. It's a rich topic and when we need to talk about more. Yes. I'm watching my clock. I think we're out of time. I wanna thank everybody for joining us and hope you turn into Think Tech Hawaii again. And I think we're out.


Hello everyone, I am Rachna Pathak from Walshan Institute of Technology, Singapore and today we will study most important topic according to gate point of view. So these video series will help all the aspirants preparing for gate to 2020. It's important to focus on the script mathematical structure as every year statistics says DMS wakes for 14 to 16 marks and the average weightage is 8 to 12 person. So now we can imagine how important it is to study discrete mathematical structure. In this video, we will study all about relations in discrete mathematics. Learning outcome. At the end of this session, student will be able to explain all about relation, domain and range in a relation and how to solve the problem based on relations. Now let us see what are the prerequisites. Basically you should know all about basic structures and discrete mathematics basic. Student from CAC or IT Engineering branch gate aspirants those who are preparing for CS paper. Now beginning with the subject. So the idea of relation is a basic concept that is widely used in mathematics as well as in our day to day life. We all are familiar and let us see a simple example of what a relation is. Now what is a relation? We see the relation can be a father to a son. It can be from a father to a daughter. The relation can be from a mother to a son or it can be from a mother to a daughter. So these are some types of relation. Now let us describe in terms of discrete mathematical structure. Consider a set A and let us consider another set B. In set A let the element be father and mother. In set B let the element be son and daughter. So here we can see father can be related to a son. Father can also relate to a daughter. Mother can relate to a son and mother can be related to a daughter. So now this can be further ordered as we see the element from one set is ordered or forms a pair with another set.  Now this is set ordered pair as you cannot swap or change the order. Example you cannot relate son to a father. So this inversely is not possible. Let us see more in detail. Now we can say the collection of ordered pair symbolizes association from members of one set to the members of another set. And we can say the set that contains these ordered pair are also called as binary relation. Now I have a question for you. Can we show the relation between son and daughter? As per the previous example, take a pause so the answer is yes because even they are element of the same set you can make a copy of a set and then pair them to form a particular set. Of course in some cases the meaning of the relation needs to be modified. You can also say that these are similar to Cartesian product where you see all the possibilities from set A to set B and these are presented or represented as A Cartesian B that is nothing but I can show as A into B. So now coming to traditional definition of relation is any set of ordered pair defines a binary relation or simply a relation. Binary relations represent relationship between element of two set. Now if you consider example of relation a particular ordered pair x, y belongs to a set A and it belongs to a particular relation. This can be represented as x capital R y and can be read as x is in relation to R with y. So this is how we traditionally define relation. Now let us consider a simple example. The relation greater than for real number is denoted by the symbol greater. Now if x and y are any two real number such that x is greater than y then we say that x, y belongs to the relation greater than. So this is how we represent mathematically or in terms of symbolic format. Now does the relation greater is greater than that is your relation equals to x, y such that x and y are real number and your x must be greater than y. So now this symbol is used to represent such that this method of representation is called a set builder method. So basically there are two types of method one is roster tabular method and another is your set builder method. So we are not going to see much in detail about it but just for your information this is your set builder method. Now let's move to one more concept of domain and range of a relation. Domain of all the first number set of all the first number of the order pair is nothing but your domain. In other words the domain is all of the x values. Now let's see what is range. Set of the second number in each pair or in simple term all the y values. Let us see the example where we identify the domain and the range. Example domain and range of relation. Now let us see I have a set 0, 1, 3, 22, 90, 34. So this is a set. Now what is the domain? Domain are all of your x value like 0, 3 and 90. This will fall into domain and 1, 22, 34 are your range that is your y values. So this is the basic concept of your domain and range. Let us see one more example. List the domain and the range of the relation. So your question is minus 3, 3, 0, 2, 3, 3, 6, 4 and 7, 7. So the domain will be all the x values minus 3, 0, 3, 6 and 7. Range will be 3, 2, 3, 4 and 7. Now one thing which is to be considered or observed over here if you have two same values the range will consider only one value and this is possible for both the cases. Suppose I have minus 3, minus 3, minus 3 but when I list down my domain values it will be appearing only once that is minus 3. Only the one time minus 3 will occur over here. Even though the number 3 is listed twice right in the relation you only noted once that the domain or range it can be either your domain or range we just write down once. Now representation for a set S. So this is how your set is represented. The domain of S equals to x such that there exists y where x, y belongs to S. So this is for domain of S. In mathematical terms your range is represented as range of S that is r of S equals to y such that there exists x where your x, y belongs to S. So this is how we represent domain and range, conclusion. Now in this session we have studied all about the relation. We have studied about domain ranges and what your relation is how you can represent in mathematical terms. So here are some of the references which I have used during creation of this video. Thank you.


Click the link in the description below to see the new merch on our website. Hello, Bidgets.   We're slowly getting there. I'm just like constantly torturing you. Today might be the day. We don't know. My hair could really fall off. My developer and my toner have finally come in. So let me tell you my idea. We're gonna bleach this one more time, right?  Easy, I've done it before. After that, we're gonna tone it. Get that nice ashy color. Get rid of the yellow, you know, because when I asked you guys what my hair reminded you of, this is what you said.  So now we have a canvas. What do I wanna do with that canvas? Well, I wanna paint some silver on it. I wanna get that actual silver. But this time, with some dark blue streaks or just like little highlights of blue going through it. But I think silver's a little too plain. And if that doesn't work, we shave it off and I put a blue arrow on my head. So without further ado, we're going to get started. I've been thinking about the best way to dye my hair because last time we tried to do it from top to bottom and that did not work out well. I think my hair is pretty uniformly yellow. It actually matches my shirt. But for the most part, the orange and brown are just at the roots. So I don't need a bleach for as long. So I might as well just do the roots first because that's all I'm gonna do. We'll do this part at the end. And last time you said I need to stop getting the bleach and hair in my face. Well, I can do that. I can totally provide you with that. This is supposed to serve as a face mask but today it's gonna be my face barrier. And no need to remind me that I look like Squidward or Blobfish or et cetera. So we're gonna go from bottom to top for once. And my hair is long enough to be man-bunned. Oh, I have not done this in so long. Only reason I don't do the man-bun now is because my friend Kiana said that I'll lose my hair and my hairline will go whoop. And my hair is my favorite thing about myself but whoop, that's spicy, that felt good to do. So let's get started. We're going to take the powder from last time. We're gonna do this fast because I'm already experienced enough with this. All right, this toner better work. I've never used it before. Bucky Sally Beauty for not being open. By the way, my parents still have not commented on my hair. So I think they don't care. I think they gave up on me. Nice and easy. I also see my black roots coming back already which is annoying. I just want my hair to stop. See how much black just came back? Okay, so we have one layer and then this is the trick. I'll just slowly pull this down. Oh, shoot. I think I can have this in the bag. I think I've learned how to do this for once. Frederick's basically licensed.  And look, I'm protected.   You think the orange hair is better than every other hair color I've had? Okay, I'm putting some on these ends already because that was a little too orange for me. If I don't see pale yellow, I'm just gonna bleach it. I had a wild thought too. So you know how whenever I cut my hair, I do these ends and then my top and sometimes I miss some hairs and like I cut a little extra. So how have I not gone bald?  Because every time I cut my hair, I see long strands when I'm done. So I'm slowly cutting away at this voluminous, luscious, beautiful Dorito textured hair. How have I not lost it all? Maybe it's because she's born with it. Think of my mom walked in, right now she would instantly walk away. No, she would walk away and then she'd go to my dad and say, we've lost him. Guys, that's black. My hair grows too fast. I mean, I know it does. Like look at my eyebrows, they're already growing back. Is it just me or is this going very well for once? And look at my beauty salon, I provide face masks. You don't see this at hair cutters? No, they would use tinfoil. I totally forgot about that. But this is reusable, so I'm sustainable. So I should obviously get the better Yelp review. My hair is gonna be perfectly bleached at the end. I'm convinced guys, I know for a fact. The one sad part is I'm actually trying to exercise for once, you know, trying to become a skinny legend.  Like I've never seen someone with colored hair at the gym, besides me. It's just not financially worth it. And this 30 developer should make it lift even more, right? So this should be extra white, extra Caucasian. I'm feeling the burn. Ooh, it's like centered right here. Ooh, it's okay, I'm strong. I've been through much worse on this channel. I can handle this. Oh, my hair band is hanging on by a thread. All right, I'm taking the band off. I did run out of bleach, so I'm gonna make another batch, but only half the amount. And don't worry guys, I'm going to cut my hair before I start dyeing it. I just wanna make sure I get all the bleaching part of the way. This is gonna take me less than 30 minutes to do. That's my high score. She's a professional. Ugh, I can't see my head. I can't see the top of my head. Okay, I did it. Might go through everything again, just to make sure I didn't miss anything because I have a lot of extra bleach. Oh wow, that's really hard to lift. I've never been more excited to ruin my hair. See, orange. Why is that? I can't do another round. If it comes out orange, still it's gonna stay orange. Bleach may not lather, but it does spread. All right, let's lift it up so I can take this mask off. You haven't been able to take me seriously with this one, have you? Oh, I can breathe. Right now, I'm seeing more hints of like yellowish green on my hair. I don't know if the color's picking up, but this is what my hair looks like up close. I'm gonna check in every 10 minutes, and then I'll wash it out and show you what it looks like in the end. Much later. Didn't even change that much. Well, hold on, I didn't even dry it yet. I washed my hair. I wait for the hair to fall out, and it still hasn't, so I think that's very impressive. Thank you, mom, for the amazing jeans. I can't wait to destroy them. Okay, so the ends are definitely lighter. Some of this is practically white, but the roots have gone from brown to orange. I can't do another dye. I can't, I can't do it. Why couldn't I have been born with naturally blonde hair? This straight up goes from brown to orange to yellow to white. Ah, just shave it off, Frederick, just do it. No, it's not ready yet.  Like, I'm debating so much. I'll give it a day to dry because you shouldn't put toner on wet hair. It dilutes it. And I should also let this rest because if I touch it, it will fall off. Why can't it just be what? See you tomorrow. A few minutes later. All right, I'm stubborn. My hair dried abnormally fast, and that's probably not a good sign. I think it's just reaffirming that, yes, my hair is damaged now, but it did get much lighter, and I think if I just face it this way, it's good enough, like, no one's gonna do this to my hair unless you're, like, kidnapping me. So I have this Wella Blonder permanent liquid toner in pale silver. Okay, this is what it is. Last time you guys told me that the Wella T18 was not a toner. So to the Sally Beauty person, thank you for giving me misinformation. Read and follow instructions. Well, there are none. Express toning in just 10 minutes makes one part of this with two parts developer and towel-dried hair. Okay, well, this is, like, almost dry, so I think that's good enough. Don't use with heat. Well, that's gonna be difficult because I'm that hot. Lies on my belly, lies. I don't think I need this whole bottle and I would like to conserve this for future use. I'm scared to smell it, but I have to. Toner does not smell good ever. You've taught me that much.  I should have let it wait. No need to remind me, I know I should have. I don't wanna shave my head yet. Now how am I gonna convince the boys to like me? Oh my God, it's worse. I might just put on a mask so I don't pass out because this is making me lightheaded already. Why does it smell so bad this time? This is the consistency. Do I need the brush or could I just? I think Brad even admitted you really don't need a brush if you're good at using your hands. Okay, I'm closing my eyes. I'm sorry, guys. Surprisingly, it has not burned my scalp yet. Ooh, okay. I have good faith that this will, ooh. They were not kidding when they said express. Probably should have died at the back of my head more. It's still kind of orange. This is not gonna make it silver, guys. It'll be ashy brown at best in the back and it's spilling, whatever. I'll hide that side. Is that actually what my hair looks like or is it just the color? But if so, oh, God. Hair's starting to fall out. It's just one piece. I think it's natural. More like natural selection, actually, because that just means it didn't deserve to be on my head. I don't think any of these hairs deserve to be on my head. I really shouldn't have any at this point. But that color, though, I mean, it's patchy so I hope it gets better. All right, I'm gonna wait the maximum amount of time so 30 minutes hopefully looks good. Much, much later. So it's been about 30 minutes and I just had dinner and I was using a fork and I've never been so attracted to a fork before because all I wanted to do was scratch my head with it. My head is unbelievably itchy and this got very dark. And also, I took the time to read this fine print. It says right here, do not use with pastels or toners. Why? Too late. Let's wash it off. This is my hair dye towel, by the way. This is all the bleach that's rubbed off. So my hair is, the toner either didn't lift my roots because it wasn't light enough or I didn't put enough toner on the roots. I'm pretty sure it's the first one though because I do see some difference. Like it's not yellow, it's more, I don't want to say green, but green. I'll wait until the morning to put the hair dye on it or should I just do it now? Should I put this on dry hair? Might as well try. I've learned a lot though. I feel like if I just dye my hair light enough next time I can just leave this toner as is because this is silver. The roots aren't, oh my salon's a mess. All right, let me tell you what I want to do. I really like the look of highlights so I want some blue streaks going through my silver hair. Really thin streaks and I don't want to take out the tin foil because that's tedious. So I think what I'm going to do is just take some strands right now, dye them blue, wait 10 minutes and then put the silver on top because by then the blue will already be in there and hopefully it blends everything in so it's not like as obvious. I've had highlights before but they were just brown highlights and they used tin foil to do it. They also didn't mix two different dyes together like I'm about to do. So I have Arctic Fox blue jean baby and I have chroma silk vivid silver and then ion permanent bright purple. I'm going to make silver and blue together so the blue isn't as deep. I never know if I should put developer in my dye or not. I don't think you need to unless it states otherwise or you can if you need to lift a little bit still, you know, just do one strand at a time. Wait, maybe I can have that fade from blue to silver instead. Okay, I'm putting some developer in and change of plans, this is very impulsive. I really don't know if this is going to work. I need to put the mask back on because this is about to get wild. All right, here we go. Get the roots first. We're going to have blue roots that fade to silver. Does that sound good? I think that sounds good. Maybe add some blue streaks throughout here. How do I feel like this blue is going to turn green? I really hope I'm wrong. I actually can't see anything. I'm going to drag those roots throughout to like, what am I doing? What am I doing? What am I doing?  I also don't know why the silver dye comes out purple in the tube. Maybe it's tinted a little bit. I don't know. Oh, she's kind of messy looking and I'm making it worse. It's not too late to give up, Frederick and just dye your hair blue. Okay, my head's a mess.  I'm mixing in some developer because at this point, I don't know. Why not? Please work. Yeah. What's going on? The speed that I'm doing this just shows how many fucks I give now. The answer is zero, by the way. I'm hoping that this silver will somehow seamlessly blend that blue with my roots and with the ends. I mean, that doesn't look bad. It looks fun. My hair is very corky right now. That's the way I can describe it. I thought there'd be more purple in the silver dye but I'm getting some hints of green still. Should I add purple dye now? Let's do it. No. I'm not putting a lot on because I know this purple is overwhelming and we'll take over this whole hair. Blurple with silver patches is the look we're going for.  All right, let's make sure I got every strand. Is the mirror is it dripping? Can't do anything else. I'm washing this. I'm going to sleep. I'm not going to look at it. When I wake up, I'm going to give myself a haircut and then blow dry it. Put your prayers in the comments now because honestly, I don't know how this is going to result. Bye. The next day. Bro. Bro. Bro. No. Oh, baby. Seriously. This is killer. That just came out of my mouth. I don't even care. This looks great and you can't tell me otherwise. I don't care what professional watches this video. You cannot tell me this was not good. Honestly though, maybe don't look here. But other than that, like you can't tell me I'm not feeling myself. Delusions yourself. My hair is so damaged, but it's okay. I will buy all the planks. I mean, it doesn't feel any crunchier than what it was before. Give it two or three days to get some natural oils in it and we're set. Thank you, mom, for cutting my hair, by the way. Wait, but what if I did that thing I used to do?  Ooh, get with it.  I'm gonna try to recreate it for you guys. I would have to intentionally move this piece of hair but if I do, ooh. That's pure sex right there. That is hot. You look up the definition of hot this comes up. That hair.   I don't know, I feel good again. It's nice to treat yourself sometimes, okay?  I haven't done it in a while so it's nice to retouch up things and just be ready because you will get hair flips for the next five videos before this washes out. That's all I have for you guys today. If you enjoyed, give it a like. Leave a comment down below or subscribe for more videos whenever I make them. Turn on my notifications. My social medias are all that Medjanesian and as always, I love you guys and everything is less than three. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. Y'all really thought I was gonna shave it? Well, just you wait, it's coming. It's coming.


Back here live at the Stanford XL Symposium 17th annual. This is Silicon Angles Exclusive Coverage. This is our Cube, the Cube, our flagship program. We go out to the events, extract the signal from the noise. I'm John Furrier, co-hosting with Jeff Kelly from Wikibon here. And our next guest is Bill Reddy, CEO of Braintree. Welcome to the Cube. Thanks. So tell us what you're doing here. Okay, and tell us a little about your company. And has Excel funded you? Absolutely. Okay, so give us a quick load down on Braintree. So Braintree is a payments platform for online and mobile commerce companies. So many of the best next generation e-commerce and mobile experiences run on Braintree. So companies like Uber, Airbnb, fab.com, Hotel Tonight, Halo Cab, Living Social, Open Table all run on Braintree. Largely because we've democratized access to next generation payments functionality and mobile functionality. So things like easy single click checkout, foreign currency, all these things, we've democratized access to those. So you guys build a back end platform, is it SaaS based? It's a back end platform, sort of. You can think about it as like payments in the cloud. We also, on the consumer side, we're enabling single click checkout for more than 40 million consumers. And so we also have a consumer side to our business called Benmo, which is one of the top apps in the app store that you can use to store all your payment information, pay other individuals, but you can also now use to pay inside of your favorite mobile apps. And so we make it so that if you've paid at one app in our network, you can now pay all the other apps in our network on that same device in a single touch without having to re-interpayment information or shipping information or re-interpassword. How much money did you guys raise from Excel? So we've raised a total of $70 million. Excel's lead investor, NEA, has also funded. So $70 million total raise. How many rounds? Two rounds. Excel led the first round, NEA led the second with Excel participating. That's some nice cash cushion there. You can't go out of business if you have cash in the bank as they always say. Well, and we've been profitable throughout. So we were profitable even before Excel invested. So we were expanding really rapidly. We're doing more than $8 billion in volume and doubling every six months or so and profitable. So that plus having lots on the balance sheet from Excel certainly helps fight a lot. Helps on the recruiting side and also customer confidence. Bill, I want to ask you about the consumerization trend, obviously mobile, big lift for you guys. But what I want you to do is talk about the preferred user experience. Because really what's happening in this world, and we've talked to this on theCUBE many times on SiliconANGLE, is that the user experience is changing and their expectations are changing. So obviously Jeff covers this. He wrote a post on wikibon.org, big data in retail just recently. And so yeah, big data's in there. There's a lot of stuff going on, really mobile has changed the expectation of consumers. Could you talk about this new transformation where people are expecting things differently and what are those things that they're looking for? Yeah, I think initially people thought about mobile as okay, I have a computer now with me as I'm out and about. But I think that was really just sort of the very first little bit of what mobile enables. I really think the next decade is going to be about context-driven experiences. So if you think about what does the mobile device do different than the laptop or desktop world, it's that the mobile device has context about you. So it knows where you are. It means mobile apps maintain statefulness about you. So what did you do the last time you were there? Much more information about those things. If you want to make a purchase, it's now expected that if I'm inside of a mobile app, it should be quite easy for me to go do that. I shouldn't have to re-enter payment information. All these things in the web world, the laptop desktop world, you sort of read information all the time. The mobile device, I think, gives both the capability for context-driven experiences, but also the consumer expectation that I shouldn't have to do data entry on this device. You should be able to know about me, what I'm interested in, where I am, how I want to pay. And so I really think that's the sort of key to the next decade of e-commerce, particularly as it relates to mobile. Well, providing that context, that in many ways is a big data problem and a looking problem. That's right. So how do you see that kind of playing out? Where's the intersection of the mobile world and the big data world in terms of applying that kind of context? I mean, I think there's huge overlap in those things. If you think about the problems that exist on mobile and what kind of context you want, it's not just that you have, you need payment information, for example. It's things like you have different merchandising problems than you had in the laptop desktop world, right? So laptop desktop world was intent-driven. I would land at your site or I'd go to Google and search for something, share my intent, and then I'd get to a site, shop and browse through that site. Versus in the mobile world, I think it's much more about knowing about me and who I am and what I'm interested in and to really glean it. That's a tough problem, right? And so I think there's a huge amount of big data that informs that. And you have social networks that can provide some of that. You have native apps that can store some of that. We, as an e-commerce provider across many thousands of sites, we see what 40 million plus consumers are buying across many thousands of sites. And so we think about how do you use that data to help the consumer and the merchant have the context they need? But that's very much a big data problem. Yeah, I mean, I think there's huge opportunity to use that kind of location-aware context as well as kind of past behavior, understanding what the consumer is interested in, to someday when you're walking by a store, you can get an offer for a certain item based on the fact that, well, obviously you're physically near the store, you've got a history that the analysis suggests you'd be interested in this product, that kind of thing. So actually, but actually doing it in a way that's not intrusive and actually delivers real value. So it's really something that nine 10s out of 10, the customer's going to want that in front of them at least. And consumers, I think, are demonstrating that already. There's been a lot of talk about the whole showrooming phenomenon that you have people in a physical retail location but using their mobile device to go see what else is available out there. So I think that's much more sort of people going to their mobile device after the fact or sort of in session sort of while they're in a physical showroom. But I think it's indicative of your point that people are going to want to have relevant things available to them in a context-aware environment as they're thinking about these things. So I think that showrooming phenomenon is sort of indicative of what the future may hold in terms of exactly what you described of, okay, I'm walking down the street or I just walked into Best Buy and of course it tells me, here's all the things you should be thinking, you know, last time you were at Best Buy, you bought an Xbox and so now here's a great new game that came out on Xbox that is exactly in the genre that you bought other games or things like that. And then of course you've got the security and the privacy implications and you're dealing with a lot of, you know, personal financial data, obviously. So how do you guys approach kind of securing all that data, making it accessible but secure? Yeah, so that's one of the things, you know, the premise we had was that, you know, the mobile device itself tells me far more about you as an individual than the magnetic stripe on a credit card. So there's been a lot of talk about mobile might enable easier transactions but oh, they can't be as safe. But in reality, what identifies you better the magnetic stripe on that card or all the data on that mobile device, the data on the mobile device by far, just if you do something with it. So we've actually proven out that mobile transactions can be much more secure than even physical world transactions. And so I think there's a really interesting opportunity to have both a better lower friction experience in mobile and more secure. And, you know, that's a nuanced issue because, you know, we're using data on the device but then we do things like all your sensitive financial information, your card information is never stored on the device. That's stored in the cloud, you know, that's tokenized, things like that. But we think about your device as a way to identify you and then the sense of information we store somewhere else, locked away in a very secure vault, you know, away from that mobile device and we actually have sort of the ability to do two-way communications. So if all of a sudden your device shows up in Romania and we're thinking, boy, why, you know, this is unusual, in the old world, they just have to shut the card down, right? And so you'd be declined and if you didn't, maybe you were really on vacation in Romania. Versus now we can do sort of two-way communications. So in session I can say, you know, 99.9% of the time I let you check out in a single click. Now you're in Romania, but instead of just declining you because I don't think you should be in Romania, I can say, give me one extra piece of information just so I know it's really you. And sort of do that context-specific. Again, better experience than the old world where your card was just gonna shut down by your bank until you called them. I can now, in session, ask you for some more information. Better experience for you, but also more secure because I know if it's really you or if it's some fraudster that has hijacked your phone in Romania. Bill, you were on the panel here at the Stanford Symposium on the post-PC era. Good title, but you know, still, you guys are doing a little bit more than that, but let's just talk about that. What was talked on the panel and what were some of the points that were made there that you can highlight for the folks out there that didn't see the livestream? Yeah, I think the thing, I think we had some really interesting debate around this and people coming from different angles on it. I think, you know, two or three years ago when Braintree was really betting big on mobile and I would tell people, hey, we're gonna really double down on mobile. It was one or 2% of e-commerce and they were saying, hey Bill, really like people are gonna buy things on mobile devices. Now you have 30 to 40% of e-commerce shopping sessions on mobile devices and that's growing at two to three X-year over a year. So in the next 12 to 18 months, mobile devices will be the primary computing device, particularly for things like e-commerce. And so if you think about, well, what does that mean? If in the next 12 months, the primary way I as a merchant am going to interact with a consumer is via a mobile device, there's a lot of things I need to change. I need to change the fact, I need to deal with the fact that they expect the context-driven experiences that they don't wanna do data entry. If you're a physical world retailer, you need to deal with the fact of this showrooming experience that if I walk into Best Buy.com, I may see something I'm interested in but if they don't make it very easy for me to buy on my mobile device, I'll just go to Amazon, right? So there's a lot of those kinds of things that I think are going to shape where this goes and I think it's sort of two categories of things to be dealt with. One is there's gonna be some really interesting wholly new commerce experiences. Hotel Tonight, Uber, Halo Cab, those are examples of experiences that you couldn't have had before the mobile device. But I think there's also sort of all the e-commerce 1.0 players and physical world players that are now gonna be thinking about how do they port their experiences to a world where people come to them via a mobile device. And I think much of that is about how they build applications. And then there's sort of all kinds of interesting nuance beneath that around what will be the platforms. And Apple's been the early winner, will Androids sort of overtake that and in many ways are signs that that is happening. So lots of interesting things will play out over the next five years. Final question, finally getting the hook here, but I wanna ask you one final question. I'll see you before we came out and talk about bitcoins. And you kind of roll as you're right. I didn't mark off as points out, you've been covering bitcoin for a long time. You didn't get car dealerships. You mentioned kind of the price fluctuations. Obviously that's an emerging thing. Square's been out there with the payments and their huge valuation. So payments is happening. That's kind of the genies out of the bottle there. What do you see for the future of payments? I'll see you mentioned some growth. That's cool. What else could you say? Shoot the arrow forward next couple of years. What do you see as the big vision of things that's going to happen that might not be obvious? Yeah, I think the thing that's going to change about payments is that if you look at the players in the payments world, it's mostly even players that gave access to merchants to connect to the payments network. I think the next five to 10 years of payments is going to be about making it very easy for consumers and merchants to connect with one another. So all these things we just talked about in terms of context-driven experiences, being able to go into a store and sort of have context about the user complete a purchase. I think that people will choose payment providers both as a merchant and as a consumer based on what providers can make it really easy for consumers and merchants to connect. So if you notice with Braintree, we started on the merchant side, but with our Venmo acquisition, we're now making it very easy for consumers to pay on their mobile devices for anything they want, largely because we believe in this premise of five years from now, it'll be the case that when you think about payments, you'll think about three or four companies that are making it really easy for consumers and merchants to connect with one another. Bill, ready? The CEO at Braintree, very profitable prior to the funding. A lot of cash in the bank, 70 million? 70 million? 70 million, 67 million, what's the 10 million here and there? Growing, that's great, obviously a hot area. Again, it's a slipstream as we were talking about earlier. Get in there and ride that current. Obviously a lot of growth. Thanks for coming on theCUBE. Congratulations and look forward to falling up in the future. Thanks for having me. Really enjoyed it. Okay, this is theCUBE, our flagship program. We go out to the events, expect to see from those. I'm John Furrier, the founder of SiliconANGLE. We'll be right back with our next guest live exclusively on theCUBE's coverage the Stanford Excel Symposium here in Stanford University, Stanford, California. I'm John Furrier, we'll be right back.


It's Hop along Cassidy with action and suspense out of the old west comes the most famous hero of them all Hop along Cassidy starring William Boyd the ring of the silver spurs heralds the most amazing man ever to ride the prairies of the early west Hop along Cassidy this famous hero thrills his 60 million fans with action and dangerous adventure in the role of Hop along Cassidy is the popular star of the motion picture series William Boyd and now another exciting story of the early west an old Spanish custom the late afternoon sun beats down on Hoppy and his grizzled old partner as they ride across southern California the golden lamb of the dons and Spanish rancheroes their thousand mile cattle buying expedition has left them dusty and weary and as the afternoon wears on Hoppy's increase in restlessness begins to get on California's nerves what in tarnation's eating you hoppy it's too quiet too dog gone quiet well what do you expect senior reaches here and eating you in the sage bush no but i did expect to see a coward to graze in the range here about well sharks will see plenty of ant when we hit old Don Leone or take a spread it won't be long now morning how do you know well you're going to hoppy wasn't i don leone's top horse wrangler nine ten years ago you were how'd you reckon i got the name california i heard it was because some slicker sold you a deed to a california gold mine that turned out to be in the middle of the san francisco bay that ain't the only reason they call me oh sure i forgot so you were done leone's top horse wrangler you bet of course being so long ago maybe he won't even remember me i wouldn't be at all surprised what kind of horses did he raise all the fastest dog gone critters you ever seen why hoppy them horses were so fast let me tell you what happened once i was riding an ortega stallion about 50 miles from the hacienda one day with my pack burrow a trailing along behind when all of a sudden a cloud burst come all rushing up behind me on top of our 60 mile hurricane heavens to bet where sir i just turned that pony's head for home and dog gone if he didn't race that storm so close i didn't feel a drop while my burrow only ten yards behind had to swim all the way california haven't you any respect for the truth oh no hold on hoppy i value the truth as much as any man you must value it a lot more the way you economize using it oh sharks what makes you think i'm not telling the truth well for one thing we're not heading for don leone ortega's rancho what because this is his rancho we've been on his range ever since we came through the past 12 miles back and another thing why do you suppose you took the trouble to send a messenger all the way to the bar 20 saying that his prized blooded stock was for sale well didn't that messenger say the old man was selling out so he could retire to one of the missions but there are a lot of rancheros here who had been glad to buy him out it was to me he offered to sell that's why i'm buying him for the bar 20 and for just about half what those cows are worth well why is he selling them to you because nine years ago i was done the only foreman you you watch yeah and somehow i don't remember seeing you around oh well maybe i got my ranchos but hoppy uh why should he want to sell out he got no sons or no family to leave all this to no he used to have but they all died or killed when i finally quit all he had left was one little granddaughter living with him i always felt kind of sorry for old don leone's fortune kept dog in his trail wherever he went he used to say it was a curse put on his family but the victim was an old pirate ancestor here a pirate yeah one of the buccaneers who used to rob shipping along the pacific coast in the old days oh top it who who who hey what's your matter well what are you staring at well over there stand against the sky at top of that ridge seen the rider yeah hey you can barely make him out just sitting there in his horse like he was watching us hey must be one of don leone's men we'll be getting a welcome and committee soon he's turning disappeared down the other side of that ridge if he was one of don leone's wranglers he'd be heading for us to find out who we are and what we want well maybe he just ain't the curious type i don't know he's the first living soul we've seen around here and not a solitary cow in the whole place i got a feeling there's something mighty funny going on here california something i don't quite get well come on let's keep going sun's getting mighty low hoppy we ought to be pretty close to the ranch house don't you think we'll see it just as soon as we get atop this ridge the hussein this table and everything in the valley below oh well there she is the hussein california great jumping blue blazes it's burned up everything's burned up the stables the corrals everything except the hussein itself and that's made of adobe not a soul anywhere the place looks deserted look there smoke still rising from the ruins what must have happened just a few hours ago wonder where everybody went let's go see down that shot it's come from the hussein yeah whoever survived the fire doesn't like visitors now back to hop along cassidy and our story an old spanish custom after arriving at don leone or tegas california ranch show on a cattle by an expedition hoppy in california find that the old don's stables and corrals are burned and the place apparently deserted as they survey the desolate scene a shot rings out from one of the broken windows of the hussein day they fling themselves off their horses and hug the ground night has fallen hoppy in california plan their attack in the darkness california you crawl around and take them from the north flank i'll take them from the south we converge on that window when i reach my position i'll give out an owl hoot you answer so i'll know you've reached your right and chuck a handful of stones against the hussein that they're jittery in there they likely fired the sound and keep undercover don't worry hoppy while they're attracted by you are russian and you come around okay let's go take it easy california everything's under control except that this isn't a hymn it's a her what what do you know a girl keep your eye peeled there may be others back there in the darkness now easy sweetheart after that shot you took it as i'm not in a mood for any friendly wrestling match no use trying to break away pig let go of me so you savvy english do you murderers murderers it's her what just tried to murder us wait a minute now take it easy honey maybe ought to light a lamp so you can take a good look at us i got a hunch you got us mixed up with some other hombres you you're not with a lobo a lobo who is a lobo what's happened where's don leone you're your voice it is the same one i remember so long ago senior custody it is you know of course my partner and i just i should have known i should have known we were expecting you my grandfather and i your grandfather but who you you are not the little girl i used to see around when i ramrodded this outfit see i am isabella i reckon she had time to grow hoppy honey what's happened a lobo a lobo and don colors they came with their men we held them off we defended the house yanda but they burned these tables the balance who is the cell lobo there's a bandit a bandit but where all your grandfather's men where is everybody you didn't fight them off alone no there were the house servants my dwayne my grandfather but where are they dead isabella you mean you're the only no my grandfather don leone is still alive he is badly wounded senior custody and cannot move if we could get help before a lobo return and a medical a doctor for my grandfather where is he where is don leone he lies by a window on the other side of the house on guard hey here's a lamp you got a match no do not like it a lobo and his men they are watching from the hills yeah we spotted one of his boys on our way over here you stand guard california when i find don leone right follow me senior your hand there are bodies lying here do not stumble it is a poor welcome that i give you senior custody don't try to talk don leone we're gonna get you out of here no it is too late no no don't they realize only you and isabella are left to defend the place i do not think so isabella she is a good shot we we killed many of his men before he retreated he ended young swine carlos estaban carlos estaban they renegade was joined a lobo to think that once i thought i loved him is this is this a lobo so big he can to care warn you he is a gringo outlaw amigo he came here and organized this band of human wolves what if he's killed all your vicar has got all your stock what more does he want why should he attack your hacienda it is carlos estaban who put him up to it but why for what for the the treasure treasure what treasure uh long years ago amigo i buried a fortune in gold dust in a lonely place by the sea gold gold i had gotten in my youth by gambling by cheating cheating i was no angel amigo when i was younger how did carlos know about this gold you had burned isabella once told him the map the one the map there on the floor i took it from its hiding place a little while ago thinking to burn it you mean this you see there is a small piece of candle beside you light it right there look upon the map amigo it is all i have left gold a million pesos shining in shining dust buried buried in this hand by the roaring sea like pirate treasure i was a pirate too a pirate of the land as my ancestor was of the sea i buried it like a pirate sex of gold dust and the rare brandy from spain brandy the custom the custom of the spanish bookoneers to bury wine with their loot so that when they should return they should be drink to quince the thirst from the digging salute the tingles it easy now don't try to sit up lie back the custom an old spanish custom listen to me go listen to me while i i see that's really quite simple when you know the key to the code now this figure indicates 15 paces from the base of the Santa Monica cliffs to don leone don leone dead california here they come looks like we beat off that first rush yeah lucky this house is built on the little rise we can see him as they come keep your head down california and don't waste any shots i'm going to the other side of the house and see how isabella is making out and the sound of that shooting what's your matter look somebody's waving something white out there hello don leone for the sake of your granddaughter stop fighting i will make you an offer if that shirt you're waving as a flag of truce throw your guns down and come in alone there are my guns i come keep him covered california i'll let him in right thank you for your hospitality but uh it is dark in you know we can accommodate you with a little candlelight inside what's your step see california keep a sharp look out for any funny business you bet these bodies on the floor i uh i'm sorry so many have been killed senior are you too all who were guard these side of the house in the i'll write you a detail report later don leone they'll take us on the other side then keep your post isabella we have a hostage hostage who is carlos isabella are you alone here murder oh the old man is dead if don leone would be so foolish as to get himself killed all right what is it what do you want nothing very important senior all we wish her lobo and myself is to look through the ascienda is it not a pity all these bludger just to deny us a simple thing like that you are free to go senior are you and your friend we have no quarrel with you all i wish it what what is that on the table no you don't i'll take that the map it is the map give it to me aren't you forgetting yourself carlos you're barely a guest here that map senior that is what we are looking for i warn you i send your custody i smell smoke huh hoppy hoppy the roof's on fire while we talk and lobo shoots burning arrows into the roof on the blind side indian trick the roof she is dry wood senior this smoke it gets thick no hoppy hoppy i had to get out of there the fire see i can hear you a lobo so can they i ain't coming out friend or do you want the little lady to rope do we all the ropes together senior cassidy or do we surrender i would rather die all right you win carlos no slow down your gun california we have no choice and now back to hop along cassidy in an old spanish custom besieged by the yankee outlaw ill lobo who is seeking a map of don leone or takers buried gold hoppy california and isabella defend the ortega hacienda through the night while dickering on surrendered terms with ill lobo's renegade lieutenant calos esteban they discover that the roof has been set afire and they're forced to surrender as dawn comes up the bandit gang rides westward with three prisoners hoppy california and isabella i'm sure glad they didn't tie us up they don't have to not what their riders all about us isabella pull yourself together honey i know it looks bad but if we keep our eyes open there may still be a way out of this we're stopping wonder what happens now we'll soon find out here comes carlos el lobo himself how are you two are like a little breakfast morning ma'am you'll see el lobo is not angry that you kill so many of our men he likes i'm handling this carlos well i only tried to help ramos all right thank you go in for robbery in a big way don't you wagons or a new to spare horses like gang of cut floats i'm a big man in these parts cassidy now there's little information i'd like to get i don't make much sense out of that map of don leone's i can see it's a spot somewhere on the beach but i don't savvy the right i get a hunch the little senior reader can explain it for me i do not know any vine knew i would not tell you so tell her to think it over cassidy we have a few hours before we reach the pacific if she still holds out on me by then well do i have to tell you what'll happen think it over truth is i do not know i do not know easy isabella we might make a dash for the remudan grab some horses we'd be shut down before we got 10 yards the yellow vomit look at him are sitting there at that campfire with the mother pole catch or he's not even giving us any grub isabella callous you you did not think i had forgotten you did you amigos here a bottle of wine to help wash the dust from the senior eaters lovely mouth where cool i would assume drink poison as a gift from you perhaps i have made many mistakes isabella but one thing i know i love you and i do not wish him to kill you well i'll buy us a lobo what what that devil are you palavering about just a friendly reunion al lobo shut up cassidy a bottle of wine uh how else i told you i was trying to make it easier for you i thought he had your face there's anything gonna be done around here i'll do with your white livered weasel you you dare to talk to me like that i saw you full of gun on me will you kill him yes sweetheart he was no good to me anymore i got the map water cassidy if you're thinking of jumping me there's a dozen guns behind me that are covering you even if i should miss which i won't i reckon we won't wait till we get to the beach i reckon you're gonna tell me right now where that gold dust is sister come here no no let alone i'll take you to the spot where don't we only braid the stuff and you can choke on it but don't touch her do you understand don't touch her the wagon driver if you could snatch his pistol i'd be throwing all our lives away for nothing Santa Maria do you not understand if you let them have the gold we shall be killed anyway we'll have to take our chances hey it's now that's all here we must be look way off there see the ocean helpful typical well it won't be long now 13 14 15 15 paces this should be the spot where don't we only bury the stuff it had better be Miguel Pablo take Cassidy back to those rocks with the other two and stand guard embrace grab those shovels dig dig for that call dig now they found it don't leave all this pleasure look at them passing up them bags of gold just oh how many of them are there the way their hand in those bags must be pretty rotten look they're pouring the gold on that saddle bag they found something else look they're passing up something that looks like bottles of spanish brandy brandy look there's a lobo coming this way one of them bottles in his hand if he comes close enough don't try anything i tell you have a drink Cassidy did you know that old buzzard buried this stuff with his swag bearing liquor with his goal is just an old spanish custom he's gonna hold a fiesta when he returned to get it a fiesta we'll hold it for them have a drink Cassidy you said we could go that gold was there pull off your dogs and give us back our horses kind of childish as a Cassidy after killing nearly half my men no amigo we ain't letting you go any of you you gave your word you're a bigger fool than i thought so you don't want to drink with me huh when my boys get through raking fires under you it'll take more than good liquor to cool you off now back to hop along Cassidy puppy the sun the sun's going down look at them all lying on the beach they're drunk not all of them now lobo is still sitting there with a gold singing here the bottle in one hand and a gun and the other hey them waves are coming up almost a worry sitting yeah the tide's rising what are we waiting for he is too drunk to shoot i want to be sure look he's fallen over on top of the gold dust this is our chance hey that big wave it's gonna break over him come on he it'll sweep the gold into the sea happy happy it's gone the gold's gone every grain of it washed away i i try to grab a handful gone you got a handful all right a handful of sand come on help me drag this armory where the next wave won't wash him out forget him let us take the horses and guns and get out of here she's right they won't sleep forever that's where you're wrong california they will what what do you mean if their lobo had kept his word and let us go i'd have told him told him what what don leone told me just before he died you see he'd put that liquor there not for himself but for anyone who should get there before he did that's why he poisoned every bottle goodbye from hop along Cassidy hoppy in california are hitting the trail homeward again and after this little adventure the bar 20 is going to be a restful sight hope you enjoyed this friendly visit and that you'll remember to tune in next time these two fighting cowboys get involved in another thrill and escapade hop along cassidy star and william boyd is transcribed and produced in the west by walter white jr an old spanish custom was written by urban ashkenazi all stories are based upon the characters created by clarence emulver this is a commodore production


I have always been fascinated in ruins. That was my childhood playground. Growing up here in La Floría, Colorado, there were many abandoned buildings that were made out of adobe. Now I'm a professor of architecture working on an experiment. 3D printing comes to La Floría. What do you think, Mom? My name is Ronald Drell. I have a mission to unearth the histories of earthen buildings. I'm from a very particular place in the United States. This was the border between the United States and Mexico until 1845. Because there's a long history of indigenous slavery at that border, my family is part of that history. Whether being a descendant of a slave or descendant of someone who held a slave, we are connected to that past. And that history would have been erased. All my life I had seen houses melt into the landscape. I have seen language begin to disappear. I have seen in my lifetime people disappear. I think that one way of looking towards the future is actually looking at the past and seeing what we've done. We can make work that bridges the borders between science and culture and politics. Between art and architecture. We're talking about architecture, furniture, and objects all made out of the same materials using the same technology. And it's alive. This house is part of us now.