John Wayne Gacy, a name that sends shivers down the spine. Known infamously as the Killer Clown, his dark story unfolds in the 1970s. A seemingly ordinary man, he would often don a clown costume performing at children's parties, but behind the painted smile, he was a monster. Gacy was responsible for the horrific murder of 33 teenage boys and young men. His reign of terror came to an end when the law finally caught up with him. Convicted for his heinous crimes, Gacy was sentenced to death. In the spring of 1994, he met his fate. Gacy's story, a grim reminder that monsters don't always lurk in the shadows, sometimes they're in plain sight.


We're hiring Henry Fonda in Big Boy Blue on the Cable Cate of America, sponsored by the DuPont Company. Maker of better things for better living through chemistry. But first, here is Gain Whitman. Before our play begins this evening, I'd like to remind you of an old friend. DuPont's rug anchor, rug underlay, which is again available for household use. Safety experts tell us that more serious accidents happen in our own homes than on the highways. They're caused by the little things you may overlook. Hazards that can easily be eliminated. A very real danger is small rugs that may suddenly skid over the polished floors and topple you headlong to the floor. For safety's sake, use DuPont's rug anchor. The synthetic sponge rubber non-skid underlay designed to make rugs stay put. It can be trimmed to fit any rug. Remember the name. It's rug anchor. One of DuPont's better things for better living through chemistry. The DuPont Company presents Big Boy Blue starring Henry Fonda as Eugene Field on The Cavalcade of America. It is the day in 1873. President Grant is in the White House. Steamboats flourish on the Mississippi. But St. Louis is beginning to be ambitious about becoming the country's greatest railroad terminal. And at the moment, a long and unbelievably lean young man walks hesitantly into the editorial rooms of the St. Louis Evening Journal. Looking for somebody, son? Sir? Oh, yes, sir. I like to see the editor about getting a position. No positions on this paper, son. Only jobs. I've seen the old man, Mr. Cochran. Cochran? Yeah, yeah. See that cat sitting down there? Yes, sir. Well, get down there and turn right. The mouse that cat happens to be watching. That's Cochran. Thank you very much, sir. He does look like a mouse and that. I should have brought a piece of cheese. Hello, Thomas. Nice kitty. Now, stop petting that cat and come here. Yes, sir. Among those present was Senator Carl Scherrs who spoke briefly. What'd he say? That should be the lead. Hey, boy, where's the man who wrote this story? What? What's the matter? That cat got your tongue? I don't know, sir. That is, I mean, I don't know who wrote the story. Yeah, they call themselves reporters. I couldn't sharpen pencils for a good reporter in my day. Well, could they? No, sir. Of course you couldn't. I tell you, sometimes you don't know how to stand it. Mr. Cochran, my name's Eugene Field. I'd like to talk to you about it. They're making me old before my time.  But, Mr. Cochran, I came to see you by getting on. End of move on, will you? Yes, sir. That's your lead, see? Have you got it straight now or do I have to draw a diagram for you? I've got it, chief. Are we right at the way you say it? I have to take them by the hand. Call them sales reporters. Well, what do you want? Here's your coffee, Mr. Cochran. Oh, yes, coffee. Here, nickel for yourself. No, thank you, Mr. Cochran. No, take it. Take it. That's good coffee. Wasn't for coffee. I don't know what I'd do. I'm a great coffee drinker myself, Mr. Cochran. I must drink 20 cups a day. I sometimes have six or eight. It never bothers me. It doesn't bother me either. People say it keeps you awake. My reporters drink it. Does that keep them awake? No. A lot of tommy rot, I say. Hey, wait a minute.  Nobody. I just thought...  But, Mr. Cochran, I don't work here. You don't work here? Didn't I just send you out for coffee? Yes, sir, but I really came here looking for a position. A position? My name's Eugene Field, and I like to be a reporter on the journal if there's an opening. I sent you out for coffee. And what field are you? Well, my father was Roswell Field's lawyer. Oh, Gregg Scottcase, huh? I knew him. Fine man. Yes, sir. Mr. Cochran, I'd certainly like to be a reporter. I just want a chance. I'd work for almost nothing. For nothing? That's no way to ask for a job field when I hire a man to pay him a salary. You ever done any writing? Oh, yes, sir, quite a bit in college. College? I wrote some verse. Well, you've got no opening for a port field. Better try something else. I'm a busy man today. Oh, just a minute, Mr. Cochran. I know port. I said I wanted to be a reporter. I want to cover fires and murders. I can write, see? And I not only want a job, I want, I want a $18 a week. $18 a week? I won't go a cent above $15. Split the difference. X-15 or nothing. All right, $15. I'll start tomorrow morning. Goodbye, Mr. Cochran. Thanks very much. $18 a week, a very idea. Eh, guess I scorched that all right. Nobody's telling me how to run my... Good Lord, I've hired a blame port. It's a wonderful opportunity to you. It's the best job a man could have. You do all kinds of interesting things. You go to fires, report and murders. Sometimes you get to write a review of a play. Oh, I'm so happy for you, Eugene. Oh, darling, we'll get married right away, won't we? I want to. Well, then we will. What's to stop us? Well, for one thing, father. Your father? What possible objection could he have? Oh, father thinks you're rather... Well, frivolous. Frivolous? Well, whatever gave you that idea. Well, it's only I hadn't seen you with the boys yesterday flying kites. Well, it's fun to fly kites, Julia. Oh, Eugene, I wouldn't change it for the world.  But father... I'm sure he won't give his consent. Not consent. Julie, he'll be delighted. We'll go in and talk to him right now. I know just how to handle him. I hope you're right. Oh, don't you worry. Hey, there he is. Reading his paper. That's a good time to approach him. Mother's with him. All the better. Come on, Julia. All right. Well, well, Mrs. Comstock and Mr. Comstock. Well, hello, children. Good afternoon, Mr. Fiend. You're looking extremely well, Mrs. Comstock. Thank you, Eugene. Oh, would you like to have one of these nice shiny apples? Oh, thank you. And may I say that I've never seen you looking more fit. Father? What's that? A regular farm shirt. You see, Julie and I are new to you, won't we? Why, Julia, the first to know, you're married. You're going to be what? Oh, we take...  Oh, yes, sir. We're going to be married, Mr. Comstock. Married? Julia, dear. What does this mean? We want to get married, mother. Nonsense. It's out of the question. Out of the question? Why, father? Because in the first place, Julia, you're much too young. I'm almost 17, father. Julia, I will do the talking. Yes, father. Come, Julia. Father will handle this matter. Oh, but mother... Come along, dear. Mr. Comstock. Julia is almost 17, I am 23. All authorities agree that the man should be five or six years older than the girl, so we can dismiss that objection. We cannot dismiss that objection. Very well. We'll come back to it. Any others? A great many. What is your weekly wage, Mr. Field? Well, in practically no time at all, I expect to be making $20 a week. What do you make now? $15. Of course that doesn't include my outside writing, magazines and books, you know? $15 a week. And how much does your magazine and book writing bring you? Oh, there's a fortune to be made in that line, Mr. Comstock. I see. And what part of that fortune are you presently receiving? I have some great ideas, Mr. Comstock. We might say then that you propose to take on the responsibilities of marriage on $15 a week. Oh, and for the time being. But as I say, Mr. Comstock, I have some great ideas for magazines. No, I cannot give my consent to this marriage. Mr. Comstock, let me put it this way. Just a moment, Field. I have another objection. Another what?  He doesn't look upon life as some kind of game. Life is a serious business. And you don't consider me to be serious enough? I do not. Now, look, my boy, I don't want to be too hard on you. You settle down, make good on the newspaper, and then in, say, two or three weeks, we'll talk about this marriage again. That will be all. I'm reading my paper. Mr. Comstock, you forced me to play my trump card. If you don't give your consent to this marriage now, I swear by all its holy, I shall go on the stage as a juggler. A juggler? Likely occupation for you. I shall go on the stage as a juggler, and moreover, I shall adopt your name. What? Yes, sir, Edgar Comstock. And my first engagement will be at the Grand Opera House. You're mad, Field. How'd you like to have your name plastered on every barn and fence and vacant building in this town? I almost would if you do it. I intend to do it. Pray pastress, it's blackmail. Oh, Mr. Comstock, I love Julia. I'll never make her unhappy. Please, sir, give us your blessing. No, absolutely no. Very well, sir. Stop juggling those apples. Now, appearing at the St. Louis Opera House, Edgar Comstock, juggler. All right, all right. Thank you, father. And I hope you'll be very happy. Mother, mother, where could he be? Now, don't worry, Julia dear. Eugene will be here any minute now. Nothing may have happened, an accident. He's 45 minutes late now. Well, there must be a reason he'll be here any minute now. Oh, if anything's happened, I'll die. I wish they'd stop that infernal organ. Mother, I know I never should have consented to this marriage. No, Edgar. That young man is completely irresponsible. He's not, father. He's not. I'd just like to get my hands on him, embarrassing everybody like this, leaving my daughter waiting at the church. Knuckle down, Mr. Field. Knuckle down. No fudging, Mr. Field. That's a mighty nice aggy you got there. Watch me plink it right out of this circle. Wow. Oh, boy, some shoot. You sure do shoot a fine game of Marvel, Mr. Field. Why, you're the best nib shooter I've ever seen. Now I'm going to pick off that nice carnation. Mr. Field, why are you dressed up so funny? In that long coat and tile hat? Oh, I'm going to a wedding. To a wedding, huh? Who's getting married? I am. You're getting married? When? At 11 o'clock. 11 o'clock? Oh, my gosh. I'm late for my own wedding. Mr. Field, come back. You'll have tomorrow. Oh, dear, dear darling. Mother and father are standing by you. Perhaps it's all for the best. I suggest we pan back into the carriage and go home. Julia! Oh, Eugene! Oh, Julia, I'm so sorry, darling. Healed? Where have you been? I was delayed, sir. That's obvious. Eugene, whatever happened? I'm terribly sorry. Julia Darling, please forgive me. Of course, but what kept you so long? Well, Julia, I was getting a story about the younger generation. Mr. Field! Mr. Field!  Marbles? Field, you've been playing marbles while we've been waiting at the church? Oh, Edgar, Edgar, they're starting the wedding march. Field, I've got a good notion to call this whole thing off. Uh-uh. Careful, Father Cronstock. I wish to remind you I am an accomplished juggler. Would you like a demonstration?  Edgar? Come on, Father, get in step and do try to look pleasant. Mr. Field! Right here, Mr. Cochran. Yes, sir.  Thank you, Mr. Cochran. Field, I don't mind telling you you've been doing pretty fair work. Thank you, sir. I believe in rewarding good work. I want to get a raise, sir. Raise? Who said anything about a raise? Well, I merely thought I... A reward I am referring to is an assignment that I... Field, what in the world have you got on your feet? On my feet? Oh, oh, those are carpet slippers, sir. Carpet slippers? What's the idea of wearing carpet slippers in the office? Oh, they're very comfortable, sir. You ought to try it. I never heard of such a thing. Field, you've got to have some dignity. The Evening Journal insisted its staff maintain a... Carpet slippers, huh? Can you get me a pair like that? Why, certainly, Mr. Cochran. Well, get me a pair. My corn's been giving me the very devil. And don't say anything about it. This is strictly between you and me for you. Yes, sir. Now then, about that raise. Raise? What raise? Well, you see, sir, we're going to have a baby at our house. That's no concern of the Evening Journal. There's no raise. Now, get out of here. Yes, sir. Nerve of that fella. Don't have a baby, eh? Huh. Field! Yes, sir. Two fifty a week. Thanks, Mr. Cochran. We're listening to Henry Fonda as Eugene Field in Big Boy Blue on the Cappalcade of America, sponsored by the DuPont Company. Maker of better things for better living through chemistry. As our second act begins, we find the years have rolled by and Eugene Field is the proud father of a young son named Melvin. Play with me. Well, son, what should we play? Daddy's busy, Melvin. He can play with you tomorrow. Oh, now, Julia. Melvin, say good night to Daddy now. Run along to bed. Good night, Daddy. Good night, sir. You'll show you Mel my letter? What letter? Daddy, the letter to Santa Claus. Oh, bad. Of course I did, Melvin. I did better than that. I took it to the post office myself and I told the postmaster, rush this through to the north pole. And I wrote important on the envelope. The shirt will get you on time. I know it will, son. Don't worry about it. All right, Daddy. Good night. Good night, son. Have a long day. All right. Count my treasure, or with care, a little toy my darling knew.  A song, years ago, that came into this couple, this holy time. Is it worth it on your team? Oh, just scribbling, dear. Malak? Oh, it's just some dawg, little Julia? What?  Go on with it. Oh, I don't know. Please, dear, finish it. All right, just for fun.  Christmas music on the air of what? Watching for my baby boy, but if again that angel train and golden head come back to me To bear me to eternity my watching will not be in vain And field Come over here. Yes, sir. I'm at the Cochrane field. Did you write this verse Christmas treasures? Well in a way. Well, what do you mean in a way?  Cochrane So you're a poet after all I am not I'm a newspaper man I just happened to write that thing at home last night I just put it on your desk cuz my wife asked me to it won't happen again now if you'll give it back to me Please I'll now wait a minute feel don't get excited Suppose I tell you I might print this and pay your space rates for it. You mean you like it not particularly feel But it's a kind of sentimental slush that'll make every woman in town baller eyes out sure I'll print it Thanks, my wife will be pleased feels you like kids. Don't you not all of them? Well, you've got a flair for writing about them ought to keep on with that poetry might get someplace with it I don't know mr. Stone. I'd like to work for you, but the Chicago That's a big jump and a big opportunity for you I intend to give you a column of your own a column of my own you can write all the poetry you like Even so I'd want to contract naturally and I'd want $50 a week for the first year $50 and 50 cents a week for the second year $50 and 50 cents the second year. Why the 50 cents? I want to feel it. I'm making progress All right feel it's green. I'll be looking for you in Chicago Sure thing son Thank you. Want me to fix your little toy dog? Let's have a battle with a toy soldier. Okay a battle it'll be I'll be the infantry. You can be the artillery Wait a minute. I gotta get my troops deployed. All right. Oh daddy. Yes, son Did you think of a Sunday school text for me a Bible text? Oh Yeah, you did ask me for one didn't you? All right.  The battle is on I knocked him all down that time. Well, I'm bringing up reserves bang bang bang Just a minor major battle there I'm winning mama. Whoa. Oh surrender. Surrender. I give up Oh boys if you don't stop that racket the people downstairs will be wrapping on the ceiling with a broom Come on now way past melvin's bedtime and Eugene you've got to look over these bills. Oh, yeah Yes daddy. Good night. Good night, son. Good night daddy. Come along now son How can I ever do it Ramp 30 butchers Daddy, did you think of a Bible text for Sunday school? A Bible text? Oh, yes. Uh, well, let's see Just say the lord will provide my father can't I wonder what old man stone has us on the carpet for Christmas next week me we get a boost only boost will get from stone will be through the door Good morning, boys. Good morning. Hi boys. I'm happy to announce that the paper is giving each and every one of you a fine turkey for Christmas Now what's the matter feel that's the turkey suit you Oh, yes, sir, but a little extra in the pay envelope. It'll be better what I need the new suit Oh, you want a suit, eh? Very well. I'll see that you get one Yes, indeed. Uh, Merry Christmas everybody Hmm Hey King, where did you get that convict suit? Mr. Stone gave it to me for Christmas. The old man gave you that Oh, jeez. That's what I've stolen. Got the best of you and I must say stripes become you She's more to be pitied in senses. She's more to be helped in this fine I think probably could someone direct me to the office of mr. Stone Who shall I tell him it's calling sir? I am mr. Harrow editor of the springfield journal Goodness Yes, sir. You were saying who those stripes You're a convict Well, sir, what are you doing here? Oh, don't be alarmed my dear sir. I am quite harmless So Editor stone is a personal friend of the warden And he has the warden send convict over to perform menial tasks about the office Oh, well if mr. Stone likes to save a dollar whenever he can is graceful or we don't mind We really enjoy a change of scenery now man using convict labor in a newspaper office Well, hello, mr. Harrow. Welcome. Mr. Stone during my years as an editor I have encountered graft in chicanery But you sir are the epitome of corruption. What are you talking about working convict labor in your office? What mr.  Stone. Mr. Harrow, you don't understand come back mr. Harrow More to be put you done something Feel take off that time so that I could ring your infernal neck Would you ever have a serious moment not if I can help it mr. Stone is more I hope this major wouldn't get here Melvin terribly ill ill. What's wrong Julia? I don't know. I I don't know terrible fever.  Field Doctor, how is he? It's seemingly critical sir.   It's all right, doctor. He's got to be all right. I'm sorry mr.  I can't please Julia Uh, I just want to sit here in the nursery a little while longer.  Our Henry Fonda will return to our cavalcade microphone in a moment now here's games Whitman In the early days of automobiles A car owner had a wrestling match on his hands every time he changed the tire Many a driver was ready to swear that clincher rims were an invention of the devil The four great steps in the improvement of automobiles wheels and tires Were pneumatic tires, demountable rims, all steel wheels and balloon tires Now tire manufacturers are announcing a fifth development Which may prove to be the greatest of all tires with rayon cords Inside an automobile tire are thousands upon thousands of cords side by side Vulcanized into the rubber They're there for the same reason the barrel of a big gun is wound with steel wire They give the tire its strength Rayon is a man-made fiber And the raw material used in making high tenacity rayon gives its strength to begin with Then as it is spun the rayon is stretched which adds more strength And finally rayon cord gets stronger as it grows hotter And as you know tire cords do get hot when you're driving So cords in rayon tires are actually stronger during use The dupont company was first to develop high tenacity rayon for tires As long as 10 years ago heavy-duty trucks and buses traveling at high speeds over broiling hot desert highways Were testing tires made with dupont cordura high tenacity rayon Then during the war when the armed forces needed millions of tires And it was found that casings made with synthetic rubber ran hotter Rayon cords became a necessity Their record was so outstanding so convincing beyond any doubt But from now on leading manufacturers plan to use rayon cords for passenger tires As well as tires for trucks and buses Tires that will last for 50 000 miles or better May soon be commonplace And it will give you a more comfortable ride For jura high tenacity rayon for tires is one of the dupont company's better things for better living through chemistry Now here again is henry fonder Next monday night your cavalcade of america will bring you the magnificent meddler Starring george sanders as dr. benjamin wright It's the story of a philadelphia doctors fight against 18th century superstitions to establish america's first home for the mentally ill I'll join you next monday evening to hear george sanders as dr. rush the magnificent meddler Music for tonight's dupont cavalcade was composed and conducted by robert embressor Our cavalcade play was written by jerald holland henry ponder is soon to be seen in the rko radio production fristable cave That's a tom collins inviting you to listen next week to george sanders as dr. bentham and rush in the magnificent meddler On the cavalcade of america brought to you by the dupont company of wellmington delaware This is the national broadcasting company


you know AI is the hot thing as as you probably know and it's one of the interesting aspects of that is that whereas I guess in the past in the last 20 years most AI research was done or a lot of AI research was done at the universities PhDs in in you know AI you specialize in AI you got PhDs and they could specialize in it most of them 80% of them would go into academia that is flipped completely so as of 2020 70% of all AI PhDs went into the private sector the private sector now is is but by far dominating universities in terms of cutting-edge research into AI into investment into AI whether it's Google now Microsoft and pretty much everybody else in in tech is investing heavily venture capital is investing heavily it's the one area venture capital right now that is that you could raise a lot of money with the you know this this technology is going to be embedded into software so what's called generative AI which is like the chat GPT is going to be embedded in Microsoft Office and Google Docs and Gmail and in pretty much everything I think ultimately in Siri in Alexa in everything will have ultimately this chat GPT like features every single one of the major tech companies has its own version it's not clear who you know we know of the chat GPT which is owned by Microsoft or and is embedded in Microsoft search but Google is going to come out with their own and and a Google product might even be better than the chat GPT for which is everybody is saying is absolutely amazing much better than even the version we were people making fun of a month ago the progress in this area is stunning it's accelerating of course there's already calls that this is being monopolized by big tech and a handful of corporations not control this resource and this is the most important resource in the world and we need to break up big tech as a consequence you're gonna hear a lot more of that a lot more of that and of course big tech is hated right now so there's a lot of energy around trying to break up big tech and part of that energy is gonna come from a concern about about AI and their dominance with AI and all the research money they're spending on AI but of course this is what really advances the world when private industry starts heavily invested in these kind of things heavily invested heavily investing in a technology that's when you get the real breakthrough and that's where you get the real progress and the real application for human life no is asking how he asks a super tech question some you can answer him there but you can do it at the bottom there should be a little dollar sign where you can press on that and then it'll you can follow through and and set up an account and do it it's pretty easy and pretty quick I think a lot of people in the chat right now have done that in the past so it's pretty easy to do all right so yeah keep watching the eye space keep watching the politics of it and and you know one of things to pay attention to is I think given the amount of research dollars and given the amount of research brainpower that is going into AI right now in big tech companies look for some significant major advances in the technology in the months in the months and years to come and when you start really extrapolating theoretically on what this could mean it's pretty astounding and and what scares me is that we do not have a political class we don't have a population but certainly not a political class and a population that are anyway near being able to understand this and be able to conceptualize what it means and be able to deal with this and it's much more likely that we'll get panic it's much more likely that we'll get hysteria and demonization than we will a rational response to a new technology that could change the world for the better so it's going to be really interesting because again it's not just politicians we get the politicians we deserve it's the public I don't think has a clue what AI is what it can do what it can't do what it's possible the jobs that it will indeed replace the jobs that it won't replace the educational a whole our whole educational system is gonna have to restructure a given advancements in AI many of the jobs that we have are gonna have to be restructured given the advancements in AI but given that the educational system is a government run basically how is that gonna happen what's gonna drive that restructuring what's gonna orient people towards the kind of jobs that that will exist in an AI world versus the jobs that clearly won't exist in an AI world what's gonna orient people towards the right kind of employment the right kind of jobs the right kind of education there is nothing and people are not going to discover it by by themselves so this is you know this is the time where we need real thought real focus on orienting the world around us to really a new technology that again has the potential to completely change the world in dramatic ways and relatively quickly and yet there is no energy behind that there's no excitement behind that there's no thinking behind that except the startups who are trying to apply this as quickly as possible but the consequence in a sense be damned which is exactly what they should be doing but we don't have a leadership intellectual or political that is thinking through these things and providing answers to the real questions that should be arising as a consequence of of the rise of AI and its potential into the future thank you for listening or watching the Iran book show if you'd like to support the show we make it as easy as possible for you to trade with me you get value from listening you get value from watching show your appreciation you can do that by going to Iran book show dot com slash support by going to patreon subscribe star locals and just making a appropriate contribution on any one of those any one of those channels also if you'd like to see the Iran book show grow please consider sharing our content and of course subscribe press that little bell button right down there on youtube so that you get announcement when we go live and for you those of you who already subscribers and those of you who already supporters of the show thank you i very much appreciate it


Every once in a while, Leviathan publisher EA attempts to salvage its started reputation as the most evil corporation in gaming by financing a particularly artsy indie video game. The title I look at today, Sea of Solitude, was just such a one back in 2019, born of the unholy communion between capital and that rarest phenomenon in this industry. An artistically capable studio with a vision. The nerve in these people to make a game so fine and make a buck rather than starve. I promise I won't take any more potshots of the monolithic corporation that pulls the purse strings. Honest. Instead, I'll tell you a little bit about why Sea of Solitude deserves your attention. Our protagonist is Kay, a young woman who is battling some series inner demons as becomes evident from the get-go. Kay's journey is touching because it is an odyssey whose final destination doesn't have much to do with breaking free of solitude so much as it does with personal growth. Change accepting that some things are outside your control that some relationships cannot be mended. There's something almost pedagogical to some of what Kay goes through. With the weighty teams the game examines, that should come as little surprise. The second section of Sea of Solitude deals with Kay coming to terms with her own willful blindness to the increasing suffering and alienation her kid brother experiences in school. Bullying forces Sunny to embrace increasingly violent thoughts as the only escape while Kay is too absorbed in her own life continuously nodding along listening to but not hearing his pleas for help as Sunny sings deeper into depression and despondency. I feel bad Kay. Maybe it would be better if... No! No, no, no, no, no! Maybe it would be better if I stopped listening. Is that really funny? I'm sorry Sunny. I missed everything you were saying. Can you start over? But first, look at this. My boyfriend texts me the funniest thought picture ever. What?  Don't you think these are funny? You have no sense of humor lately. My boyfriend doesn't know anything. Oh geez, calm down. You've been such a baby lately. I'm not a baby. Look, I'm sorry. I promise I'm You were talking about your friends, right? You had a great time with them? No! What? No, you never listened to me, Kay. Well then, what's your problem? Tell me. It sounds like I am the problem. Sunny? Sunny, wait. See you later, I guess. This is one of those games that, through the benefit of a gorgeous colour palette and a very particular style, is likely never to look aged in the way so many photorealistic games crumble after a mere two, three, five years. Lighting is massively crafted to transform the world. The change to darkness immediately sets a somber tone and creates tension in the knees. The quick, even breathless change between the different states of the world manages to translate to the players a kind of bipolar disorder at play within Kay's internal world. Sea of Solitude at the last forces you to examine your own behaviour as you follow Kay's scrutiny of herself. By game's end, every major relationship of her life, her brother, parents, boyfriend, has been served. But the most important lessons are the ones Kay takes away from her own shortcomings. Some of them resonated more than others, but what Sea of Solitude allows the player to experience is a sense of identification with its main character. In more than just the cursory ways, most games equate character to player. Most games are happy to simply align the player to the protagonist, inviting the player to follow along with the character and narrative without putting in the effort to persuade us. Sea of Solitude offers a deeper connection, based on the recognition of Kay and her emotions. These, many of us have felt, the drifting away of people important to us, a process we can do nothing about, our own selfish desires in the face of someone who might need us, and how easy it is for that need to fall on deaf ears. Sea of Solitude invites us to decipher its content rather than place a check mark in either one of two boxes, enjoy and dismiss, or to adopt YouTube's own language, like and dislike. Like this video, by the way. Recognition in Kay works in a way that calls to mind a quote by the literary critic Krita Felsky from her essay Identifying with Character. Glimpsing aspects to one's self in fictional beings involves a volatile mix of the familiar and the different. To recognize is to know again but also to see afresh. As I recognize myself in another, I also learn something about myself, and I may be startled or discomfited by what I see. I experienced just such a process in my playthrough, and I suspect many of you will too. Kay's journey is equal parts personal and universal. So it is that Sea of Solitude forges an empathetic bond between player and character. It's difficult indeed not to feel for and be concerned with Kay and her ultimate overcoming of her own shortcomings. And after playing the game, it is difficult not to wish to overcome our own. When I sat down to write this review, I did not expect I would be going into literary criticism, but the key to understanding Sea of Solitude is in its characters, and these can be unlocked through the use of literary theory, especially newer concepts. Not even concepts so much as different methods and tools as used by Rita Felsky and her colleagues in looking at character. There's plenty more to say about Kay, but I don't feel a burning need to say it. If you do, and you find some of the points about empathy, recognition and the legions I've raised interesting, you're very welcome to hunt down this essay and two more in character tree inquiries in literary studies. It is an excellent trio of essays, brilliant texts. Every single one of them has something new and interesting about looking to character. And I would say that the third one in particular, the one about thinking with character, about the act of rumination might be used to really penetrate Sea of Solitude in an interesting and critical examination. If you enjoyed this video, if you'd like to see more videos like it, why don't you smash that like button? Let me know in the comments more importantly. Tell me what you thought. What were your experiences with Sea of Solitude? Do you think you might play it if you haven't so far? I reckon you should. You should give it a chance, not in the least, because it is a very, very short game, under three hours, unless you are a completionist and want to say shoo to many, many annoying gulls, which I wouldn't blame you at all as someone who lives in a seaside town.  At any rate, I'll see you again next time. I'm Philip Magnus, bye!


We're going to have the Senior Citizen Centers open Friday evening and Saturday to about six each evening or longer if necessary because of the excessive heat advisory. And we try to act accordingly with the forecast and we do this in the winter time if it's extreme cold. We open warming centers in the summer time. It'll be cooling centers for excessive heat advisories and for heat warnings. If you have elderly neighbors or family that may suffer from the heat, check on them and make sure they're okay. If they need to go to the cooling center or to a cool place, help them do that.


Because you know Lil Yachty on 2, 2, 3, he on the remix or whatever, but like he don't want to ask to be on the song So like, but you know the label still pay him like I ain't pay him, but like, you know, he's still got paid or whatever like So, so he gonna get the label is not even him It's like whoever you started to like they gonna get their money out of there.    He might not charge you though cuz you cute I'll be honest with you I think when you get so far up and you be hustling so hard I think they don't even be tripping on the money because they already paid. No, no people paid I feel like people pay for not everybody not everybody. I think they be doing favors for favors So you think people ain't paying Nicky to be on a song? I think if it's the right person and the right opportunity and she feel like it's gonna help her and she'll backdoor and give another new You know, they trade it off.  So yeah, somebody is getting paid like You don't gotta pay them directly, but they label them pay It's something that you can speak to as being signed to a label And I know last time you kind of spoke on it briefly on how difficult it is You know when you when you're trying to make moves when you're on a label and they like they They they kind of they don't talk to you and tell you everything that's going on All right, and that that makes it hard to move in what you're trying to accomplish, right? Yeah, so would you ever sign again? For the price, yeah, right? How much cuz I got a little money You want to sign a nigga? I'm selling everything What if can a nigga get you for about a hundred grand, huh can they get you for a hundred grand to be my manager, yeah No, we're trying to get you to pay us the 20% we making on the manager thing What you want from me like I need you to work nigga if you want me to work Yeah, but like if you want my master's for everything Masters whenever we work in there they gotta do that like for a year Well, you ain't gonna get a lot on your master cuz y'all sell them anyway you niggas ain't lawyer Y'all just sell your own masters once y'all get so much like you Just sell it I mean like Listen like pardon me. No, like that's what you supposed to do like But like when you see them that money like Want an upfront money right now Like this is not fun to me like I'm trying to get some money You don't still feel fun about what you do you don't find the funny no more is it more work for you? It's not work like something like when I be high like I'll be like yellows wrap like But like it's not like I ready to get chill and get drunk with my friends like Man, I think I think it's a dope thing that that you know, you you are a Huge YB fan, right and last time we was on here I remember you kind of was in the background because your interview was over and you would not shut up when everybody else I got the I got it right now where you were walking around like When she was on the mic, she wasn't really talking like it, but I'm the mic she got lit I don't know if she got drunk or something.  I mean they did stem too Because they did songs with his ops is just right. What do you mean now?  What is it about him that you love so much? What is it about him that everybody loves so much? We just had I don't know if you watch see you don't be tapped in but you need to be that's why I'm for How you come up here every other week, but double a was just on her double a was on here He produced the whole one up one really the whole mixtape for for YB and He was just talking like him. You remember he was talking like him and everything. It's you like he sounds just like it so, I mean What is it that make you just really like cut for now?  What would it be? From what YB do mm-hmm.  Well, it's a known fact.  I mean, I don't know I don't know how you do that especially and and one day he just took all his music off I remember this nigga just took everything down for what I heard So it's crazy how his power is on the internet like that Yeah, that can also be a marketing tactic because you gotta think about if you take all of his music down Everybody gonna be looking like when is it going back up? Everybody gonna be watching as soon as he put it back up It's gonna blow up and we don't stand alone, but the nigga had on makeup here talking about he was a rockstar Did you how'd you feel about that? I mean Put on a whole pound of makeup talking about he a rockstar.  He had a more makeup than you nigga I feel nothing cuz I did that is not concerned me He wouldn't be doing that, but he's not I just listen to his music. That's all I do. I listen to his music That's uh, whatever he doing his free if he want to put on makeup that is cool He could do that. Yeah, we on boss talk one-on-one. Yeah, we gonna talk


Okay, I took our french seam and I pressed it flat. We're going to take this one before we finish the flat felled seam and we're going to take it and we're going to attach it to a card. So we have now our reference card. We can see what we were doing. So here's the flat felled seam. So we have again our pretty side of our fabric is facing up because we stitched it wrong sides together. We took our seam allowance and we took half of it and we cut it down low. Then we pressed the other half of it so it wraps around that cut edge of the other one. Pressed it flat and then pressed it all to one side so we have this. Now we're going to sew close to this folded pressed edge right here. We're going to sew along that edge. Pretty close to it but not, you know, you want to make sure you sew on it but, but really close to it but not, you know, not off of it. Move all my stuff out of my way. I really do need my reading glasses for this. I can't really see where the fold is. I can't see what I'm stitching. Well that's better. So find a mark on your presser foot and just keep that folded edge of your fabric lined up with that mark wherever that mark is on your foot or the spot on your foot. I'm going to, my thread is what wrapped up and wound up around my presser foot here. So the needle's in the down position and I've just lifted up the foot so I can, there we go. So I can unwrap the thread. That's one of the reasons you want to hold your threads. Okay, now we keep going. So just go slow. Don't feel like you have to go fast. Again this is called a flat felled seam. There's probably as many ways to do seams as there is paint colors in your paint box but this is, this is a really nice, again, a nice way to do a seam where it's completely finished and you could use this as the right side or you could do it the opposite way and use this as the right side, especially with fabric like this where it's very difficult if not impossible to tell. It doesn't matter. It's just a matter of which side you think is prettier for the project that you're working on. So we're going to take this again and we're going to staple it. So again, make notes on the back. Alright, so I want to have a, I have at least two more I want to do for you today. I'm going to take a couple more pieces of fabric. Let's see. I'm going to take this one. Again, we're going to cut it in half and we're going to do the basics of putting in a zipper. Now I've shown you before in our video where we made our little pencil bag one way of doing a zipper. It's not really the proper way. All the rodges are showing but it's, you definitely could do a zipper that way. I'm going to actually show you kind of the proper way to do a zipper. So I'm going to make it work with this machine. This does not have a zipper foot. We're going to make it work. At least I think we're going to make it work. We'll wind out here in a minute.  Generally speaking, your sewing machine may have a zipper foot in it which is going to make it a little easier to do zippers. This one doesn't. So when you have these inexpensive machines and you want to stick a zipper in it may be challenging. I am going to stick a couple pins in here. So I'm going to get, I'm going to try to get as close as I can to the zipper teeth without sewing through the zipper teeth. I'm going to try to line up this edge of the zipper with the outside edge of the zipper foot here on this sewing machine and let's see what happens. Don't sew over your pins.  I'm going to use some tweezers here. You want to pull it past the needle.  Put your presser foot back down again. There's a lot of different ways to put in the zippers and there's different kinds of zippers. So this is just one way. Alright, so now we have it like that. If you were making dress making, first of all you wouldn't use a white zipper on this fabric. That wouldn't happen and there's a different way of doing it that would enclose the zipper more behind the fabric and we may see if we can top stitch this to cover it up a little bit. Let's see where we get with it. First let's do the other side of the fabric. So we want to start up here. I want to use the edge of the zipper tape as a guide for the presser foot.  I'm going to stop again with the needle down. I'm going to take my tweezers and let them help me pull my zipper pull up. You want to have it be as flat as possible so it'll slide under the zipper foot fairly easily without getting jammed. There we go. Let's press it and see where we're at. I'll be right back. We're not going to leave this this way. I pressed it this way so that you guys could see something. So if you were going to do this on a garment for instance and you wanted the zipper to be mostly hidden, then you would sew a seam here and you would use a really long stitch length. Then you would press your seam open flat like we did in the first case, like this. You would lay your zipper along the seam where the two fabric pieces join, the zipper teeth, pin it together and sew it down, sew the zipper down, sew around the zipper and you would end up with something like this.  So then it would look like this.  There's a lot of different ways to do a zipper and there is something called an invisible zipper that you really can hardly tell is there when you're done. Most of these are garment making techniques. We're mixed media artists and we're going to probably be only doing these with regards to pencil bags and that sort of thing. You can just leave this the way it is and leave it open. There's nothing wrong with that. I do think I'm going to leave it pressed like this and I think we're going to leave it like this. I was thinking I wasn't going to but I think we're going to leave it like this and I'm going to, this is not the right way to do a zipper. I am going to come here. There's a little stop at the end of the zipper. You see the little stop? So you don't want to stitch that. That's metal. So I'm going to stitch it just below that and push my two pressed folded edges together. It's right there. Just stitch across now. Again, not the right way to do this but it's interesting and if you're doing this it's like, you know, I could very much see this whole thing sewn to a journal cover. Where's my journal I did today? So I could see this whole thing, get the zipper in the fabric, attack the bottom, tack the top and then sew the whole thing all the way around all the edges to the journal cover and then you have this interesting little pocket here to put things in. That would be interesting. So we're going to tack this together up at the top too and then we're going to staple it to our card. So again, I'm just pushing the two pressed edges of fabric together. Now if you're making a garment, you're making a dress or something like that, don't do it this way. You probably, I mean, this would be okay and definitely don't use a white zipper on dark fabric like this. You know, I would use a dark green zipper or a dark brown zipper would be much better and less obvious. So we're going to do this and we're going to staple it up here to the top. Okay, now we need to take two pieces of our four by six inch approximately fabric and we are going to press them in half right sides out like this. And I'll be right back. Okay, now we're going to do a simple mixed media artists version of a buttonhole. Now there's a lot of different kinds of buttonholes, including a bound buttonhole, which is really fiddly and I don't enjoy making. There's your traditional buttonhole that has zigzagging along all the edges and then a long zigzag and then zigzag up with the other and you've seen it. This machine really isn't conducive to doing those the traditional sewn buttonhole. You could do a bound buttonhole on here. But like I said, I don't like doing them. So we're not going to. I do have a button here and I've got my two folded pieces of fabric and I want I'm going to want them to overlap a little bit. So I've got them overlapping about a half inch, three quarters of an inch. And I'm going to lay my button here on the center of the fabric. And I'm going to take a pen and I'm going to put a little mark on one side and the other of the buttonhole. I mean the button. So I know about how long I want the buttonhole to be. I'm going to switch my dial to a small straight stitch. So I've got a which is a straight stitch, but it's teeny tiny. We're going to put this reading glasses on so I can see what the heck I'm doing. And we are going to start with the needle in the down position at one of those black marks. Now this little machine has no light. So finding the exact mark can be a challenge. And you may not want to just not want to do buttonholes, but that's okay. Skip it. Alright, now that I've got the needle down, I'm going to guide the fabric down and so hopefully straight down to the other mark and stop with the needle down in that other mark. Okay, then we're going to stop with the needle down, lift up the presser foot and turn. Do one, two, three stitches about across, then stop with it down again and turn. Do a parallel line to the first line of stitching. Stop. Hopefully where you started. I might have gone one stitch too far.  Make sure you go backwards and forwards at the beginning and the end. I'm not sure I did in the beginning, but make sure you do. Alright, so now you have something like that. Where are we? There we are. Alright, so we're going to take normally I use a smaller pair of scissors for this, but we're going to use these. We're going to fold our fabric in half and make a little snip in between in the middle of those stitching lines. And then we're going to cut almost to the edge on one side and almost to the edge on the other side. And then do a diagonal to the corners. Nail cutting, nail trimming scissors are great for this as our medical scissors. I'm just lazy and don't want to go looking for a good amount. Okay, so now you have this. I'm going to take a little bit of this fray check. And especially if I was doing this on a journal cover, I would definitely do this. And again, this is that glue that prevents rattling. And I'm going to run it all the way around the buttonhole, like near on or near the stitching that I just created. I have to, it's clogged up. And again, it dries clear. It's going to look wet when it first goes on, but it dries clear. And that'll prevent it from unraveling. And if you forget to go backwards and forwards like I think I did, it'll prevent it from coming out. Right. And that's washable. Okay, so while that's drying a minute, we're going to take our button and we're going to sew our button on. Take a little bit of our turquoise thread here and thread my sewing needle. I think I've got my glasses on. So we're going to just kind of line up where it would be right about there, the button. Okay, so I'm going to come up from the backside through one of the holes and then down through the other hole. I'm not going to pull it completely tight.  There's a reason for that. Pull it firm, but don't pull it too tight. Do this three or four times. I've got my thread doubled. So all right.  That wasn't the neatest job I've ever done, but you get the idea. Okay, so now you have your button side and you know this could be, again, this could be a journal cover. This could be maybe on the two ends of a belly band that you do on a journal. You know, you could get brave and make a shirt, but I would do the button hole a different way. So then the button fits through the button hole and there you go. So now we're going to staple this to a card again. Right. So we have a raw edge button hole, a top stitched seam, a basic seam, a zipper, flat felled seam, French seam and a welted seam. So you can put holes in these cards at the top near your staples somewhere. You can do one or two holes. I'm trying to decide how many holes I want. And do I want it in the center? Do I want it in the corner? I think I want two holes. And once you do one, you can like mark it for the other ones. Let's see. You know what? Make yourself a punch guide. Holy cow. That was totally the hard way, guys. Make yourself a punch guide. Do yourself a favor. There we go. That's easier. So I'm just taking the fabric and folding it down because I don't want to get out the crocodile again and the whole punch is not like punching through the fabric. See. Just make sure you don't hit a staple. If there is a particular kind of a stitch that you want to see, let me know. If you want to see me how to do a certain kind of a seam or something, let me know. But these are just some basics. This is intended to be some basics. Look up different websites like SoDelicious and see what other things they have. And try making some little samples and adding to your sewing sample book, your reference book. And that way you have your own kind of reference sheet for when you want to break out the little sewing machine and sew on paper or fabric doing some mixed media stuff. We will be coming back next with a genome and we will be making fabric collage bookmarks and I think we'll be working on some tags. We're going to stick with working on the genome for a while. And this is something that we want to do that has a stitch that requirement that this won't do. But for basic mixed media sewing and sewing on paper, this little machine does just fine. I made something with it the other day now. I don't remember what it was. Oh, the little net, the latest batch of little spirit dolls. They did just fine. Oh, excuse me. See, it doesn't like the fabric. Okay, so we're going to take all of our cards. I'm going to take a couple of my wire binding rings. These are from Amazon and they're I think intended to be keychains, just FYI. But I don't use them for that.  The thing I like about these is they don't come undone. Once they're on here and you have to unscrew it to get it off. I love that. It seems like the other traditional binding ring, binder rings are always popping open. There we go. So there we go. Here's our little reference book and this is cute and you know, there's plenty of room on the back or even the underside to do some journaling or doodling or whatever. And this can be your own little reference book for your own little different kinds of things. Now if there's, like I said, if there's other things that you want to see, whether I use the Genomy or the other machine, different ways of putting in zippers, different ways of doing, you know, buttonholes, let me know. But here's some basics. Two challenges, the zipper in the buttonhole and then some basic seams.  Don't forget the most important things. Of course like, share and subscribe, but go out and do something nice for yourself.  You deserve it. You know you do and I know you do too. Alright, I'll see you all later. Bye guys.


Hello and welcome to the session. Let us understand the following question today. Determine whether the following relation is reflexive, symmetric and transitive. Relation r and the set n of natural numbers defined as r is equal to x, y such that y is equal to x plus 5 and x is less than 4. Now before writing the solution let us define the relation. The relation r in a set a is called reflexive if a, a belongs to r for every a belongs to a. Symmetric if a1, a2 belongs to r which implies a2, a1 belongs to r. For all a1, a2 belongs to a and transitive if a1, a2 belongs to r and a2, a3 belongs to r which implies a1, a3 belongs to r. For all a1, a2, a3 belongs to a. Now this is the key idea towards our question. Now let us proceed with the solution. It is given to us that r is equal to x, y such that y is equal to x plus 5 and x is less than 4. It is a relation in a set of n that is natural numbers. So now let us find the elements of r. Therefore r is equal to, for x is equal to 1, y is equal to 6, so 1, 6. For x is equal to 2, y is equal to 7 and for x is equal to 3, y is equal to 8. x is equal to 4 will not be considered since it is given that x is less than 4. So now let us check for reflexivity. Here we can see that 1, 1 does not belongs to r but 1 belongs to natural numbers. Therefore r is not reflexive. Now let us see the symmetric property of the relation. Now we can see that 1, 6 belongs to r but 6, 1 does not belongs to r. Therefore r is not symmetric. Now let us check for transitivity. We can see that 1, 6 belongs to r but there is no such ordered pair whose first element is therefore r is not transitive. Therefore we can see that r is not reflexive, r is not symmetric and r is not transitive. Hence the answer is neither reflexive, nor symmetric, nor transitive. I hope you have answered the question and enjoyed the session. Bye and have a nice day.


Good afternoon everybody and welcome to this next session. Our last session dealt with the implications for UK business and this session will deal with the implications for Irish business. My name is Dahi O'Callig. I'm chair of the UK group in the Institute and it's a great pleasure for me to introduce the panel. I'll introduce them one by one. I'll ask them to say a few words one after the other and then I'll open up for questions with the audience. So our first panelist is John McGrain. John is the director general of the British Irish Chamber of Commerce. Before that he spent a lifetime working for Ulster Bank and for the Royal Bank of Scotland here in Ireland. I've known him for about five years. I've been impressed enormously with his capacity to get things done and his attention to detail and the number of positive ideas he comes up with to resolve our problems. But he's been extremely active in this debate in the Institute, in the British Irish Chamber of Commerce and particularly in the UK. So it's a great pleasure for me to ask John McGrain to say a few words. Thank you. Good to meet you Dahi. We're gonna need all the positive ideas we can get on this one, I can assure you. Thanks very much and congratulations to the Institute of International European Affairs and indeed to McCann Fitzgerald for hosting the discussion. It's extraordinarily important and I thought the quality and width and depth of the debate thus far this morning is a credit to everybody involved. And we have exactly five weeks as we know to get on with this. Just to make a plane where I come from, so I have the honor to run an organization that represents businesses that employ over two million people. They care greatly about the conduct of business between Britain and Ireland. That's all we talk about. It's trade, trade, trade between Britain and Ireland. We don't get involved in ideological debates or even in political debates, but we do care about the fact that the trade between the islands, you know most of this supports over 400,000 jobs. It's more than 1.2 billion a week. It's at the heart of our affairs. It's so taken for granted that we actually haven't thought at all about the real consequences of what would happen if we weren't in the EU. The EU is such a good idea. We'd have to make it if it didn't exist. We might make it a little bit differently. We'd probably run it a bit differently, but we've forgotten the point that the whole thing was about bringing together people in a common market where we could get stuff done without barriers and without stuff that made it harder for business to do what it does, which in turn creates trade. We say free trade grows trade. Growing trade grows incomes and well-being and security, not just for businesses, but for the people they employ, here, the UK and beyond, and well-being for our citizens the length and breadth of the country. So we're unashamedly about all of that. We are not in the alarmism business, but we are in the facts business, and this is extraordinarily serious for Ireland. As the government has said right back from 18 months ago, we don't tell people how to vote, but we absolutely register the fact that we have skin in the game and the connectedness that joined at the hipness economically of Ireland and the UK is beyond dispute, and it's particularly so for industries that matter a hell of a lot to us. Howard I'm sure will talk about big monolithic industries that exist because of the EU, actually, but even at local level, 16% of our FDIs exports go to the UK, but 44% of our indigenous firms, businesses, exports go to the UK. That's our mom and pop businesses. Indeed, indigenous business this year is now recruiting more staff than foreign direct investment business. So it's at the heart of what we are. It's not just a Dublin thing. It's the length and breadth of the country. It's tourism. It's local firms doing amazing things. It's a fella in Clare that I met the other day selling timber panels made in Clare, shipping them all the way across the country and across on a boat and into the middle of England to fit out the Northern powerhouse so-called. And he can do that at better value and faster than anybody else can supply into that trade. It's the reason why if you're in and out of London as I am half the week every week and you're stuck at Tottenham Court Road and you're wondering what's going on underground where the Crossrail Tube is being built, it's lined with 32,000 concrete panels, all of which are made in Mullingar. And what kind of a country are we that we can be so brilliant and we can do that stuff and employ loads of people from Ireland and Poland and other good places and indeed from the UK making stuff that we can ship across the sea against the world's best competitors and do all that. So we care about this. We care about the fact that as Blair Horan has said earlier on in a fantastic paper that he's about to put up on the Institute's website, we've forgotten about the fact that free trade here really does mean free trade. Norway doesn't have free trade. Canada won't have free trade. It won't apply to financial services in Canada. It doesn't apply to food in Norway. It's a agreed trade regime which involves allowing free movement of people, paying on the way in, complying with all the laws. You know all this stuff but it's not free trade. We have free trade with the UK. If we didn't have free trade with the UK most of the commentators who stumbled across different alternative models in the last month have finally landed on it. It's the World Trade Organization, it's WTO. And as Blair has said, if it's beef, that's an import quota or levy of more than 70%. If it's dairy, it's over 30%. Even down to vegetables and fruit, it's 15%. We've forgotten what that feels like. I grew up in Drahada where people spent a long number of years not selling anything to the UK. And then under the Anglo Irish Free Trade Agreement, God bless us, we had so-called free trade but it was controlled free trade. We ended up being allowed to sell certain products at certain tariffs in controlled ways that basically ended up giving us a very bad deal which took us another 50 years to learn how to make our own stuff that would sell on global markets against global competition without barriers and we competed on our own merits. That's actually what's at issue over the next short while and as I pass it on maybe before the debate what I would say is, fellas like Owen Brennan talked about it earlier on, the issue is not just to talk to us about us and with us, it's about saying this is really important and to do positive things. So what we're saying for our members, well, we'll do two practical things over the next short while. We will stop talking about the numbers and the maths that we know now but we will talk about some of the myths that talk about saying that there'd be no border with Northern Ireland. I'm afraid you can't leave something because you're worried about the border and then leave the border open. It's illogical to think that there won't be controls between North and South and indeed under WTO, as Blair's paper points out, the South will need controls on the potential supply into Ireland of low cost product that Britain might need to source from elsewhere under its agreements however long it takes them to crafts. So it gets very messy. What we will talk about for the next few weeks is helping employers to help their employees understand in rather simpler terms what the nuggets of information are about this and to run legitimate conversations not telling people what to do. And then the second thing we'll do is this and I would urge you to do the same. It's been touched on earlier on. Turnout will define the outcome on this referendum. The people who want to leave will all vote. The people who want to remain may not and that's not just young people at Glastonbury it includes a lot of soft, lazy remains the length and breadth of the United Kingdom North, South, East and West. Phone a friend, phone your granny like the marriage equality program, phone your supplier, phone your customers and phone your circle of influence and say whatever way you feel about this the most important thing is to cast a vote on the 23rd of June and we'll take our chances on that. Thank you very much John. And now call on Howard Miller. Howard is the chairman of BDO which is a tax advisory services but before that he was involved for a very long time with Ryanair, first as chief financial officer and secondly as deputy chief executive. So it's a great pleasure Howard. Thank you. Thank you very much. Well unfortunately John McGrane went before me and he's an impossible act to follow cause he could speak off the cuff for about five hours or even looking at his notes once but as you can see he's a wonderful speaker. I'm gonna be a bit more formal. I've kind of prepared some notes. I didn't do this for my leaving search but I'm doing it today. But I kind of want to set more of a bit of a background. Many of you will recall that that brilliant program on the BBC, yes minister and the mumblings and bumblings of the minister hacker. And when I was thinking about this I said I should have a look back at this. So I had a look back and I had him on CD or DVD and I went back to minister hacker's description of an EU civil servant and I'm quoting what he said. You know what they say about the average common market official a long time ago? He has the organizing ability of the Italians, the flexibility of the Germans and the modesty of the French. And that's topped up by the imagination of the Belgians, the generosity of the Dutch and the intelligence of the Irish. That's what he said. Not great for the Irish but of course he forgot to mention he forgot to mention about the British official about he brought probably tea and crumpets or something like that. But anyway, just leaving aside the minister hacker and his comments, Britain has always, if you go back to Winston Churchill there is that spirit of, we talked about the finest hour.  But I think there is a fundamental difference. The UK has been a very reluctant member of the EU like somebody dragged along to a party or perhaps to a Brexit conference today when they'd far out to be down the cake of watching Morori McElroy. The Eurosceptics have always used the island nation vision to justify an EU exit. And you know, they have a litany of complaints. It costs too much. It's leading to too much immigration. There's too much regulation. And Britain doesn't have enough influence to be better off on its own. I won't bore you with the kind of the numbers but the numbers involved for the UK are staggering. 51% of its exports are with EU members. On the other side, only 6% of EU exports are to Britain. The UK is far more dependent on the EU than it is on its inbound trade. When Britain joined the European Union only 10% of the UK exports were EU members in 1973 and that's risen to 50%. They've been a massive beneficiary over that period. And I think when they, and I personally believe they will exit, every taxi driver of Aston London tells me that. So that's normally a very good straw poll. I think when they will exit, I think they're gonna have a very difficult situation. And the reality is that the French and Germans are gonna inflict a lot of pain on them. And if they think they're gonna get what Norway and Switzerland have, the Swiss have something like 50 major trade agreements and 100 minor bilateral agreements on trade. Now, if you think how long that would take to negotiate with the French and Germans, it would just be extraordinary. So I think what's gonna happen is they're gonna be taught a very bad and tough lesson that leaving the European Union will be very bad. I think they will also, the French and the Germans will want to police all the other members of the European Union who are also thinking about exits and I'm thinking of the Czechs and others here who don't really want to be in the European Union. And I think they're gonna make a bloody fine example of the UK and make it extremely difficult for them. I also believe that there will be an attack on the city of London, which is the powerhouse of the London economy, which is most of the UK. And I think the Germans are only too delighted to impose some kind of a transaction tax or banking tax, which I think I'll have a very negative effect on London. I think it's a very big mistake for the UK. I think they're very badly led. I think the buffoon who I described as Boris Johnson, who claims to be the Donald Trump of the UK is leading them down a very bad path. Well, he does have the same hairstyle. So I think it's not a bad comparison. And I think ultimately it'll be very, very difficult. On influence, I think the old phrase applies, and excuse my French here, it's better to be inside the tent pissing out than outside the tent pissing in. And I think that's really the big problem for the UK. They are going to lose their influence. They'll be very much marginalised. And I think it's a very, very bad decision for the UK and also for Europe. What I also think will happen for Ireland is that I think it's going to be very negative. I think the negotiation of the trade agreements will take a long time. We're obviously partied up because we're a member of the European Union. I think the outlook on the economy will be poor. There's possibly a mini recession coming. There'll be a loss of exports. I think we will lose markets to the UK. And I think it will be difficult to replace them. And the example I give here is that, you know, obviously New Zealand is very, very close to the UK. And they're just going to, if there's any problem with Irish butter, just going to replace it with New Zealand butter. If it's beef, it'll be Brazil. So I think if they get an inside track in that market, when we come back and try and restore a presence there, I think we'll lose some ground. So that's the kind of bad news. What's the upside? Well, I think if the treaties are being negotiated, we have such close ties with Britain as John explained about the guys doing the panels from Claire, which is a fantastic story. I think a lot of the ground will be made up, although I don't believe all of it will be made up. What I think is the real opportunity of Britain Exits is that on foreign direct investment, we are the only other natural English-speaking country in Europe. And I think foreign direct investment won't go to the UK because it won't have that access to the European Union. So I think we will be a net beneficiary of foreign direct investment that would be normally directed to the UK. I actually think there will be a flight from the UK. I can certainly think if there's a banking or transaction tax placed on London, we could be a net beneficiary of that as well. And I think we'll get the more mobile UK companies may want to relocate to Ireland. So overall, my view is that it would appear that the negatives would initially appear to outweigh the positives. But once the trade agreements are regularised, I think there will be a lot of improvement. I think for Ireland, it may actually force us into markets. We have become hugely dependent on the UK as one of our export markets. I think it will actually force us to look further afield, which may not be a bad thing in the long run. And I think there's very considerable upside in terms of foreign direct investment and financial services. So my parting comment to you, in summary, Brexit coming, put on your tin hats. Thank you very much, Howard. Given your description of modern-day British politicians, perhaps we should ask Mr. Hacker to come back. I now ask Brendan McGrath to say a few words. Brendan is the group CEO of Gay Electric Holdings, which is an independent renewable energy company. Brendan. I'm minded of the comment by J.K. Gail Brace, when he said the only function of economic forecasting was to make astrology look respectable. And I'm wondering, where does that leave in terms of political forecasting? I'm going to give you an insight, I'll try and give you an insight today in terms of the energy market, particularly the renewable energy market, because it does have quite a significant founding in terms of European regulation and in terms of cross-border trade. As a company, Gay Electric found out 12 years ago we're an international operation in so far as we do business on the island of Ireland, north and south, in the UK, on the continent, and in the US. We have 94 professionals working across that stream and we're involved in four different platforms of onshore and offshore wind, energy storage, bioenergy and solar development, solar PV. And effectively we do most of that in-house and that's a differentiator we have in comparison to some of our other competitors. If I look at the wind energy platform that we have on the island of Ireland, it's actually equally spread between the north and south. So we're the largest independent developer on the island, we're 15% share of the renewable energy market. We have 400 megawatts of projects, 363 of those spinning. On the offshore side, we have a position in the RSC and while I won't go into it in detail, I do see offshore wind as being a huge potential for this country going forward in terms of supply into the UK. We have been unique in the renewable energy business in taking a very early position in relation to energy storage. We have a very large energy storage project in Larn County Antrim, which is basically compressing air into underground caverns and releasing air to drive turbines at a later stage. This project is a PCI project, which is a project of common interest in Europe and has received significant backing from the European Union to date. We also have a an MOU with Tesla, who are one of the world's leading battery development companies and we are bringing battery storage to this country with a project in Leish beginning this year. On the solar platform, we have, like a lot of others, developed a pipeline that awaits a government support system to put solar into the mix on the island. And we have a similar solar platform in the north of Ireland. Bioenergy is an area that Ireland has lagged behind on over the last number of years. We bought a bioenergy company two or three years back to create a platform that company has existing long-term contracts in Monaghan, Yalltown Council. They also have a client that includes stall earn and we are placed with that business to expand again as the bioenergy market begins to open up. So in terms of the rest of the discussion, in terms of an Irish company working on the island and dealing with the north of Ireland, particularly, I just want to give you some insights in terms of how I see Brexit affecting it. The EU framework was an essential condition for both states, Britain and Ireland, in terms of managing the violence in Northern Ireland from 1970 to 1998. As has already been mentioned, the Irish border is the only land border with the UK and the single electricity market known as the SEM is unique in so far as it was a direct result of the Good Friday Agreement. So what is the SEM? It was set up in November 2004 by the respective governments. The primary objective of the SEM is to develop wholesale electricity arrangements that deliver an efficient level of sustainable price to all customers for a supply that is reliable and secure in both the short and long term on an all island basis. So the objectives are to secure security of supply, promoting competition, minimizing transition costs, fostering renewable energy and enabling demand side management. And this basically comes directly from the Good Friday Agreement in terms of the setup of an all island market for energy. If I look at renewable energy development in the North, what is unique about it in terms of being involved in that area is that renewable energy developers only exist with social license to operate from communities. If they don't get a support from a local community, then they can't operate because they won't be able to build. So that involvement means involvement with landowners, an involvement with local communities, an involvement with local council officials, an involvement with local councillors, an involvement with planners, an involvement with department officials, and an involvement with government ministers. And each dot up there represents a wind farm that we have built or learn our case plan that we hope to build. So that is meant that we have had to involve ourselves in that discussion probably over as long as seven years in order to build the project. And I often remind our staff that I see our involvement as being the foot soldiers for the peace process because we normalize by doing business and doing business with people and communities. If I then go on and take a look at what the EU does in terms of forming policy in relation to an energy union, in which the GB has been broadly supportive and in fact in some areas has led the way. So the five pillars include promoting energy security, trying to arrive at a connected Europe through initially a regional approach, creating regional markets and then supporting those markets through what is called projects of common interest. So picking out projects that can make a contribution to the whole European market. And in our case, our case project or compressed air energy storage project is one of those projects. Demand moderation is also a key pillar of the European union. Decarbonizing the energy mix is a major push from Europe. Emissions trading, where in fact the UK has led the way and has only now been followed by the likes of France and Germany. And again, research and innovation and green growth again has come as a pillar of the EU and in fact, UK has been one of the main beneficiaries of that research coming from the UK. So if they do exit, what happens? The UK has been a strong advocate of liberalized power markets across the UK. The view is not expected to change, but the impact on Ireland could be a disconnect of policy and market rules in the future, leaving Ireland only connected to a market with a different policy and different to the rules of the EU. So that's a threat from Ireland's point of view. But there are models across Europe where the EU has involved in regional markets with the likes of Switzerland, Norway and Baltic area. And there are plans to build further interconnectors into France. So that may alleviate that if it does become a problem in the future. So again, the EU, it's not compulsory to be a member of the EU in order to take part in its admission trading scheme. The threat might be that the UK could drop some specific European measures, although given that they have led a lot of them, it's unlikely that that may happen. So again, following the exit, the EU could suffer billions of pounds in renewable energy projects if it was to ditch its stake in the European Investment Bank. Today, they are one of the biggest beneficiaries, taking 24% of the 7.2 billion that's available through the Climate Awareness Fund. The EU could be released from its renewable targets, although again, it has led those in Europe, so it is possible but unlikely. Again, gas from Ireland's point of view comes through the UK, so if there was tariff put on gas into the UK, then it has to travel across the UK and into us and how we would disentangle that. So to finish up on a lighter note, it has been said that the sun never set on the British Empire and the Irish explanation for that was that's because God would not trust the Brits in the dark. So they have been in the dark with the rest of us, probably since Suez in the 50s, so can they be trusted to make the right decision? In the 70s, they were asked the same question and the vote was 70-30. I believe it would not be that different this time around. Thank you. Thank you, Brendan. Thank you, Brendan. Our next speaker is Susan Dargan. Susan is the chair of the Financial Services Ireland, which is the body which unites us at where all of the companies here in Ireland in financial services. She's an executive vice president and head of State Street Global Services overseas, which essentially is in Ireland and Luxembourg. Susan, you're very good. Thank you, Dargan. So good morning, everybody. Good afternoon at this stage. So FSI has been keeping a very close eye on the debate around Brexit, and we first held a referendum, first held a seminar on it just after the referendum. It's obviously going to have a very significant impact if it does come to play on our members and just looking at some of the stats around financial services. The financial services employs over a million people in the UK at the moment. Overseas-owned companies represent 46% of all financial services group worth in excess of 100 million sterling in the UK. And here in Ireland, in international financial services, we currently employ 38,000 people. That's targeted to grow to 45,000 by 2020 without a Brexit. The city of London is one of the most value added components of the British economy, and we've talked about that a lot this morning. Ireland's financial services has benefited greatly from our links with the city of London, and an Ibeck recent paper on Brexit showed that Ireland exports five billion of financial and insurance services to the UK annually. So that billion plus per week includes five billion of financial services. When we look at, you know, that there's going to be major impacts for our financial services in Europe and in Ireland if there is a Brexit. Areas that we look at are regulation, which we've talked about. You know, under Brexit, the British economy will remain significant, but will not be as dominant in Europe as it has been in the past. We appreciate the value of Britain's voice at the table in terms of reform and regulation. And without it, we fear that there will, it will be a challenge to push the growth and jobs agenda, job creation agenda within the EU. The British pragmatic view on that reform and regulation has been seen in areas like Lords Hills, Lords Hills Capital Markets Union more recently, which is focused on that growth agenda. And also financial services Ireland is working in dialogue with the city of London at the moment to try to bring forward an agenda of pragmatic and growth friendly financial services regulation into the future. So all of those will create impacts with the Brexit. Market impact, everybody knows, it's going to be significant. We don't, State Street has recently done a review of the potential market impact. We don't think that Brexit has been priced into the market at this stage. Howard may disagree with me on this one, but what we've seen in terms of investor behavior at the moment, there is a stronger than usual international investor flows into UK equities and bonds. And that might be, the last panel spoke about the fact that footsie companies do not rely fully on the UK market itself. But we've also seen that hedging, currency hedging is at over 50%. And that's the first time that we've seen that since we started to monitor this in 1999. So it gives you a picture of where people think that the markets might go. And that's not to forget the potential impact on an all Ireland economy and the impact for Ireland in terms of the volatility in exchange rates. We've mentioned the foreign direct investment. And if we look at just a couple of areas where Britain's financial services sector could be impacted, Britain's payments companies may no longer be guaranteed access to EU payments markets. And they won't benefit from the coming into effect of the payment services directive, Mark II. So PSD II, which is imminent. Insurance companies may no longer automatically receive passporting rights into EU markets. And likewise, the USITs, which are UK USITs, which funds which currently can be set up in one European market and then distributed globally may not be able to avail of that passporting. This might present opportunities and is likely to present opportunities for Ireland. And we've talked about this already. So in Ireland, the payments industry ranks high on the list of Ireland's global financial services success stories. International insurance companies carry out a wide range of regulated and non-regulated activities out of Ireland for international markets. And we currently employ 27,000 people in that area with over 200 billion in assets under management. And the Irish fund industry administers 3.8 trillion of assets for over 450 investment managers distributing to over 70 countries. Now, all of that could play to the benefit of Ireland, but that is only a microcosm in terms of the benefits of that increased FDI, where British based institutions could look to relocate their headquarters, et cetera. The benefit of that from an Irish perspective is far, far outweighed by the market uncertainty, the impact to trade, the impact to free movement of goods and free movement of people. So while we do see that there may be benefits, they are significantly outweighed by the disadvantages of a Brexit. So from that perspective, you can see where financial services are coming out. And I suppose what I'm really interested in is to hear people's views from the floor as well, because I think we really need to hear everybody's voice. I think it's a collective view that we need in terms of how to get through the next few weeks in order to try to get the right result, both from a European perspective and Irish perspective and a UK perspective. Thank you, Susan.


Hello everyone, bonjour à tous and happy Vesaki. Today, Sikh communities will celebrate the 324th anniversary of the creation of the kalsa by Guru Gobind Singh Ji and its teachings of equality, selfless service and social justice. Vesaki is the holiest day of the Sikh calendar, where the community comes together at local Godwara's and Kalsa Day parades. In Canada, this month is also Sikh Heritage Month, and from coast to coast to coast, Canadians will be celebrating the contributions of your community. Whether it's in Godwara's, in our workplaces or in our communities, the Sikh community has always been there to lift us up with an unfaltering commitment to seva. When you come together this year, I want to thank you. Thank you for making your part to strengthen the national fabric of Canada and thank you for sharing your faith and the values it represents with each one of us. And I encourage you to become better. Waheguru Jika Kalsa, Waheguru Jiki Fateh.


I would say China is a very unique and a successful experiment of our generation. In the twentieth century, probably one of the biggest happenings on the planet is the Chinese people rising above their poverty, rising from the pits of poverty and lethargy into an active force in the world, which is a tremendous thing for any… any civilization to do. But it is also time that the Chinese people turn inward. The last generation maybe had no time even to think about their joy. But this generation must look at this because a time has come from simply hard work to smart work has come. The previous generation spent its time in hard work. This generation must do the work in a smart manner for this to happen. Your brain and body must function at its best and that will not happen unless you know how to be peaceful and joyful by your own nature. In the process of creating the external, if you destroy the internal, then the very purpose is defeated. We are burning the world for nothing. If people are not happy in the end, this is the right juncture where after having achieved a certain level of physical and material well-being, the Chinese people must also invest in their interiority. We must give up this insecurity that inner well-being will bring external lethargy. We must give up that idea because you know from your experience, only when you're truly joyful, you're willing to do whatever is needed. When you're little depressed, we can't get you going, isn't it? You can't get a depressed person to be active and doing what is required to be done. But a joyful person is always willing to run and do things, not walk. He's willing to do everything possible, bend backwards if it's necessary. So this flexibility has to come into the Chinese people. This flexibility has to come into entire administration of the Chinese nation because I think it's an incredible achievement that one billion people have been taken from the depths of poverty to a certain level of well-being in one generation. This is something that the humanity should be proud of because never before such a thing has happened.