Hi everyone, my name is Shelby and you're watching Breathe and Find Out. Today I'm going to be doing a spoiler-free review of Trail of Lightning by Rebecca Roanhorse. I received a finished copy of this book from Wonderkind PR and Saga Press, so thank you to both of them. And as I said, this review is spoiler-free and these are my thoughts and opinions on it. Trail of Lightning is a wide urban fantasy, though it's not urban in a traditional sense and it's also kind of dystopian in that it is post-apocalyptic. So this book is actually kind of taking parts of these genres or sub-genres and turning them on their head a bit because this is a Native American spin on those. This is on voices in that Roanhorse is Native American, though she is not Navajo, she is Pueblo. And this entire book in the world building that is taking place is centered around the traditions and the society of the denay, or denata, the area. I believe I'm saying that correctly from everything I've looked up, but if I'm not, please correct me below. I mentioned that this is post-apocalyptic, there has been a sort of environmental apocalypse that is referred to as the Big Water, which I believe is like worldwide kind of flooding. And we are now in what is referred to as the sixth world, and the denata are the ones who are kind of the survivors, the people who have made it through this apocalypse. There's a lot of mythos that's going on in here. We are following Maggie Hoski, who is a sort of a monster slayer, and she is going and finding monsters who are terrorizing people in the denata. Maggie has some trauma in her past and is healing from a relationship in which she was abandoned, and she's coming out of something like a year of solitude during which she was sort of recovering from this, and she is doing so because a group has contacted her about a young girl who has gone missing and was taken by a monster. The concept of magic is put on its head as well in this because there are different clan powers. So depending on the family that you come from, you might have different varying abilities, and Maggie's makes her something of a living arrow, which makes her a very good monster slayer. And there are also shenanigans going on with the immortals in this world and how they are influencing events in the sixth world, but I won't say too much about that or any of the other plot stuff because this is a fairly short book, it would be easy to give away spoilers.  This was really unique. If you've been around on my channel, then you probably know that I love fantasy, but urban or paranormal fantasy is not nearly as much my thing as epic or high fantasy, but this felt like such a fresh take on that subgenre that I was actually really into it. Though some of the tropes and everything felt similar to things that I had read before, the actual world building was very, very much so, its own thing. And the world building was my favorite part. I loved the entire idea of clan powers almost like as a magic system, because I think that it would make sense that the line that you come from, for example, would have an impact on the abilities that you would have. And also I was curious about why some people had them and some people didn't. And I have some questions for future books going forward based on some instances that happen in this one that I won't say for the sake of spoilers, though if you want to know, contact me individually, what my thoughts are on that. I really enjoyed the ideas in this, the mythology aspects that were brought in that Roan Horse was weaving into this story were so cool. Though it didn't get super invested in the actual characters, I did like Maggie and kind of the way she was portrayed in a sense. I often feel like the hardened female protagonists and stories that have a traumatic past have this like secret soft side or something like that. They just don't let show. And I feel like Maggie is not exactly that way. Maggie does what needs to be done. And that's hard and I don't relate to her in some ways on that, but it was interesting to see. I didn't feel like she was being toned down because she is a girl. There are also some twists going on throughout the second half of the book that I didn't anticipate and that was interesting to see, especially because the book is less than 300 pages. I didn't expect it to have some twists. And the final thing I want to say about what I really enjoyed about this book is that though there is a romance aspect, I don't think it could even be really considered a subplot. It's so minor and it is not insta love. I can understand that relationships sometimes develop quickly or you care about someone quickly or something like that, but the relationship aspect in this book is never referred to as love, which is often my problem in YA books that contain any romance. I don't care if you start a relationship quickly or whatever. If you develop feelings for someone quickly, that is fine. That is their prerogative. But when it's immediately like we are in love there, the most important thing in my life, I get really skeptical. And this book doesn't do that at all, which I think makes sense given Maggie's character. I do think that it wasn't entirely necessary to have any romance in this at all, but I kind of liked the way it was done. If it was going to be there, at least it wasn't a huge deal. There were a few things that I disliked about this book, and they're actually super related to my likes because I've mentioned this book is less than 300 pages. With that being the case, I wanted more world building. Like if it had been longer, I think there would have been more time to establish the world that was created or that we were visualizing. I wanted to know more about clan powers and I'm hoping that is explored in later books. If you know me, you know that I like learning about magic systems. And I actually wish that this book had had some sort of index for specific terms in the back of the book. I know that that's something that I typically appreciate in epic or high fantasy because there are so many terms that are being thrown around. It's often not as much of a big deal for me in urban or paranormal fantasy. But in this case, because I wasn't familiar with some of the terms for specific monsters and stuff like that, it would have helped me to keep things straight a bit more. I'm the kind of person who if I'm reading something and I don't recognize a word and there's an index in the back, I'm going to be flipping back looking at it constantly. I did that with the entire broken earth trilogy. When specific eras were mentioned, I would go back and like read the part about that area in the very end of the book. It's just something that I appreciate and it helps me make sense of a world as I'm reading. And though this is short, I think it could have benefited from that. I did mention that there are twists throughout this and some of them I didn't anticipate. Some of them I just wanted to see how it ended because I wasn't totally sure. But there are some things that are thrown in as twists towards the very end that I completely saw coming and I was shocked that it was supposed to be surprising. Again, I won't say what that is for the sake of spoilers, but there is something that is revealed that I was like I thought this in the first 50 pages. This is a surprise. How are you surprised? And I don't think that was me being particularly perceptive. I just thought that there was some very heavy handed hinting going on. I was overall very happy with the way that it ended and I'm looking forward to continuing on in this series. But that part didn't have that emotional pull for me at all because I expected it the entire time. But I did say there were some things I wasn't expecting. I wasn't sure what the end was actually going to be and that was fun. So I ended up giving this four out of five stars. I think that if you like urban fantasy that you would really like this. Urban fantasy is not my thing and I still really enjoyed it. I think that my preference for epic and high fantasy and longer books with more intense world building is part of what drew me out of this, along with some of the plot aspects. I think this is quite good. But that's going to be it for this video. Comment down below and let me know if you have read this book, what you thought of it, and if you're interested in reading it, if you haven't read it already. Thank you for watching, hope you have a good day, and until next time, bye.


An adventure of the Green Hornet. He hunts the biggest of all game. Public enemies that even the G-men cannot reach. The Green Hornet. The Green Hornet. The Green Hornet is a copyrighted feature of fictitious characters and events in which the principal character is Britt Reid, manager of the Sentinel newspaper. Only Kato, his faithful Japanese valet, knows the dual role the young millionaire plays to strike at law breakers within the law who cannot be reached through the court. Though innocent of major crimes, the Green Hornet is hunted by everyone. The cry of both police and underworld is, dead or alive, get the Green Hornet. Joe Desmond, boss of one of the wards on the lower east side, managed by cash and votes to maintain a strong position in his community. He laughed at all attempts to interfere with his racket and continued to take advantage of the arriving immigrants. As tonight's adventure of the Green Hornet opens, we find Desmond in his office in the rear of the club rooms of the social club from which the ward is controlled. This is hot. This makes me laugh.  What is it Desmond? The Daily Sentinel. The Sentinel once conditions investigated. Yeah, well I wouldn't laugh too hard if I would you. Why not? The boys from the DA's office have been eyeing this place the past few days. So what? Didn't we put the right boys in office? Let them try and do something about us. Sure, but just the same. The fire is running things. I'd lay low on the citizenship rag until the heat dies down. Forget it. How about some business? There's a burden in the club rooms now if you want to talk to him. He's got cash on him, over a hundred bucks. You talk to him yet? Sure, he's fresh from Ellis Island. He wants to make his fortune in America. He wants to become a citizen. You told him details? Well, sort of. Melvin can use some more labor. Send them all hunk in. How many more can Melvin put on the job? All he can get. The bigger the payroll, the better. It's one of those city jobs. I'll call that guy in. His name is Russo, Tony Russo.  I'm Schuss, so what's the matter? Come on in here. We'll get you fixed up. I'm Schuss. Turn your cut. Hello Tony. My name's Desmond. Just call me Joe. Hello Joe. How you like America?  He's a wonderful place. Tony, she's a make a much better one. That's right Tony. And we're here to help you fellas. Of course you want to become a citizen as soon as you can, don't you? Schuss, Schuss. Have you found out what's required? Schuss. I gotta make him a home here a long time. That's the usual thing. But there are ways to take a shortcut. What's at this? If you could get a hundred dollars together, we could make you a citizen right now. And if you were a citizen, I could put you to work right away. One hundred dollars? One hundred. To make him here United States of America? That's right. I told you all about it, Tony. We paired them on good. These are making me a medican. Give it to me the job. Yeah, but it's gotta be kept quiet.  It isn't the regular way of doing it, but it'll be all right. You gotta watch your color pool, no? Yeah, I got the pool.  Oh, thank you. See? Tony, she's in Ohio. She's a red. I stand astray. I raise at the right hand, and I say the word... I pledge allegiance to my flag. Yeah, you know it all right. Yeah, sure. You gotta remember one thing. What's at this? Now, if the other men find that you've been made a citizen before them, they might get sore about it. You gotta keep quiet. Don't say anything, or you might go to jail. Hand over the money. Here's your paper. The price, sir, should come high. I got the sore little amount. All right, you're going to work right away. Now, Antonio Russo, she's American, no? Sure. Oh, thank you. Thank you so much. I am so happy. Look, look, I carried the flag. The stars and the stripe. Oh, that's the stuff. Take him out, Nelson. Melvin, put him right to work. All right, come on, Tony. Oh, sure thing. I'm so happy. I sing. My country is everything. Hi, Tony. Hold it. Folks don't sing on the street here. Me? I am very happy. Ah, listen. You wait right here. Don't go away. What do you go?  Now, don't go away. I'll be back in a minute. My country is everything. Everybody, we want to talk to you. Sure, sir. What do you want? We're police officers. We want to ask you a lot of questions about what you did in that place just now. Better come down to headquarters with us. I've got to wait here. My friend, this is a comeback. Talk to him in Italian, Pete, while we take him along. Come on, brother. You're going riding with us. Hey, wait a minute, sir. Where do we go? I got to the job. I've got to go to work. Then take your hands off of me. Relax. Relax. We aren't going to hurt you. Hey. Hey, Gus. Down, sir. Those bugs in the DA's office picked up Russo. They did?  Keep the motor going. Chopper will be right here. Order's from Desmond. He's seen it from the window. What's up? Slide over out of the drive-in. I'm checking out of this. When Chopper rides, there's trouble. Sit still. There comes Desmond and Chopper now. But I... Hi, man, Chopper. What are you doing, Desmond? Those lugs picked up a witness. Assure shooting he'll talk. We got to stop him. How? You'll see. Go on, drive. Chase that car.  Red light ahead. Go through. I told you, Desmond. I warned you.  I thought you had a drag in the right places. They get that guy to the office. He'll talk. And there'll be Sentinel reporters there to get it. Hang on. We're taking this turn fast. There they are. Go on. The cops saw us. Keep going. Chopper, you get ready. Heal him as we go past. Sentinel radio commentator. Joe Desmond, notorious ward boss, was released late this afternoon after questioning by police in connection with the brutal slaying of Antonio Russo. Russo was picked up by special investigators to be queried in regard to suspected irregularities. But before arriving at his destination, machine gun bullets took his life. In his pocket was found a newly purchased life insurance policy. Desmond, licensed to handle certain forms of insurance, admitted selling him the policy a short time previous to the shooting. But declared he knew nothing of the murder. Once more we have had demonstrated the futility of police in combating well-organized crime. In the opinion of this commentator... That's enough of that. Kato, I thought sure they'd get someplace when they picked up one of the poor devils that Desmond's worked on. Desmond, did the murder then? It's the old story, Kato. There were witnesses who identified Desmond as one of four men in the murder car. Then how did he get flee? He was released, Kato, because he had an alibi for the time of the shooting. So did his pardon in Nelson. Oh, and they had a lawyer on the job and officials who were in their pay. The witnesses were vague on their identification after Desmond's attorney went after them. At the time the police got around to checking the license number on the murder car, they found it an entirely different car than the one described by the witnesses. Perhaps you'll have to work a little bit. I don't know how even the Green Hornet can get a Desmond in his racket, Kato. No. But tomorrow, I'm going to get everything I can in connection with Desmond and Nelson and all the rest of their rotten grafting gang. If the law can't smash them, the Green Hornet will. The next morning, Britt read the secretary at the phone. No, Gunningham. Mr. Reed hasn't come back yet. James is here if you want him. Oh. Of course the city had safe, hasn't it? Well, he hinted that he didn't want you. Gunningham don't know what he wants. Hand him a store and a silver platter, and he says it's not enough. Mr. Reed's been writing Gunningham pretty hard. He's after information concerning Joe Desmond. You're telling me? You rotted me out of bed last night. Tell me, get up and get out and hang around wherever I thought best to pick up things about the rat. Rat? Desmond. I tell you, Casey, Reed is on the war path. He has been for some time where Desmond was concerned. Well, I got plenty to tell him. You really learned things? Yeah, I got. Gunningham said you were here, James. Yeah, say, boys, have I got news? I doubt it, but go on. Desmond has a racket you didn't know about. What's that? He gets immigrants where they still got cash. Makes him think they're getting their citizenship. Tells them if they get it, you get them a job right away. Takes their cash and then... And then what they think is citizenship papers, but which turns out to be nothing but a simple life insurance policy for which they pay an exorbitant rate. You know about it? More than that. After they've got their paper, he takes them to Andrew Melvin in charge of city improvements. Melvin puts them to work, puts them on the payroll. And when the need arises, purges himself to give Desmond an alibi. Oh, you knew? Of course I knew. What do you think I'm after Desmond for? Well, I thought it was because of the graft in his ward. Ah, it's a mere detail. And you call yourself a reporter, James.  Get after Melvin. Find out what you can about him. Somewhere in this setup Desmond has built, there must be a weak link. It might be Melvin. Find out. Okay, boys, sounds right. If I can only... No, Gannigan. Here's what I want. Give me a story on Andrew Melvin. Yeah, that's a man. Story? I want to scare him. I want him to think we have a lot of information on him. Leave his name out, but point it so we'll know what we mean. If we can scare him enough, he might back down on that alibi he gave Desmond and Nelson. You get the idea? I thought you would. Later that same day in Desmond's office. Found at Sentinel. What's the matter, Desmond? Melvin will lose 10 pounds from war if he sees this. I wouldn't trust it, Alvin. He'd run out on us if the heat was turned on. And maybe you think the Sentinel ain't turning on the heat. This won't do, Nelson. Get it? It won't do. What do you mean? I have an idea that when Andrew Melvin reads this, he might take his own life. That night, Britt Reid drove as the green hornet. If Melvin will left in the car we just saw leave his house, wait inside, Kate. Only return. I think the hornet can make him talk to what the Sentinel published. I hope so, Britt. Leave the car here in the alley. Do you have the master keys and weapons? I have them. Yes, sir. Mr. Britt. That's so loud. Oh, in this corner. What's the matter? Here's a flashlight. Yes, sir. In the drawer. Yes, sir. It's Melvin. He's been shot through the head. The head? Yeah. That car that drove away as we turned the corner. The police. Someone must have heard the shot and called him. There's a note, Mr. Britt. I'll take it. We've got to get out. There's a gun on the floor, Kate. I'll pick it up. Yes, sir. This way, quickly. Probably a suicide. Oh, is it head for this? It is all right. I've got to call my paper. Hold on. If it's suicide, where's the gun? Say, listen to that. What is it? The car is coming out of the alley. It's the green hornet. This ain't suicide. It's murder. Murder? One other means to expose Desmond failed. Britt Reid as the green hornet attempted to frighten Melvin into confessing his heart of the racket, which included among other things the murder of a witness for the state. Arriving at Melvin's home, Britt Reid found the man dead. A gun and note pointed to suicide, but Reid knew it was murder and removed the gun and note. Police arrived as the hornet fled. In the next day's newspapers carried an eight-column banner. What does it say about the hornet, Desmond? The cops got there as he drove away. Did they find a suicide note? No. The gun? No. We have Melvin's body. Don't drive so fast, Nelson. I'm nervous. Well, what's the odds? Melvin's dead. He won't talk now. No, but I... And the hornet's blamed. That puts us right in that clear. I hope so. There's just one thing. What's that? The hornet's got the note and gun. So what? There's no way to connect them to us. I still don't like it. Gosh, boss, I never saw you nervous like this. Why do you sing me now? You always laughed at anything of this sort. Listen, punk. We had the law to worry about. I didn't worry. Sure not. When the DA tried to investigate me, that was a laugh. Now, I don't like it. The green hornet don't work like anyone else. He's after something. If he wasn't, what did he take the gun and note for? Well, what could he be after? Maybe cash. Maybe power. Maybe it's figuring on taking over the ward. Maybe it's after me, I don't know. But I don't like it. Now, what about the party? You figure on going ahead with it? Sure. Except the vids are. We've got to go ahead with it. Our political pals figure on it. We've got to make some plans for the next election. The party has to go on. I shouldn't have. Well, I just thought maybe you being so nervous... The party's on. The vids all went out yesterday. Oh, a macro case. Imagine this. A party. What? Desmond has thrown a party in his social club. Every crook in town will be there. It's not that sort of a party. It's an important one. Mostly important politicians in my part of town will be on tap. They will? Sure. Super fishing champagne. James. Well? Tell me something. Desmond's a crook. Everyone knows it. Not till he's proven it. All right, but everyone still knows it. Yes, they'll accept favors from him. Why? As far as the record goes, Desmond isn't crooked. We can suspect all we want, but that doesn't make him a crook. Well, if I knew what I'd do about him and was invited to a party of his, I'd certainly not go. Yeah, but Casey, you're not after votes. That's the difference. I'm glad I'm not. You going? Wouldn't miss it. You're not after votes? I'm after the guys that are after the votes. Besides, I'm curious and I got hunches. What? Here, Melvin's murdered. Yes? Just at a time when he might have squealed and made it hot for Desmond. Very convenient for Desmond. It... It what? Makes me wonder if my own little hunch might not be correct. What's that?  What? I mean it. I wonder if he did kill or if someone else did it and framed him. You were right to your hunch, but as usual, you're all wet. Have it your way, James. I'm going to take in Desmond's party and I'll make a bet with you. What's that? Maybe it won't be known, but I'll bet Dallas to donuts. One of the men will be there as the Green Hornet. You wouldn't be smart enough to realize it. You could talk to the Green Hornet face to face and never spot him. Yeah? Well, I just like the chance. Yes, Mr. Reed? Oh, very well. Mr. Reed wants to see you. Okay. Yeah, boys? Oh, James, are you going to this party Desmond is giving? Sure. Thought I covered. Any objections? Cover it, James, but don't go alone. No? Take a couple plain clothesmen from headquarters. Think it'll be tough? I don't know what it'll be, but if anything does happen, I'd like to be sure that some of the people there will be on the level. Get the techies who are just as anxious to get the goods on Desmond as we are. Okay. Maybe you got hunches too. What do you mean? I heard a hunch the Hornet might be there. Maybe he bumped Melvin because Desmond wanted him bumped. James, I think you have something. Huh? That isn't a hunch. It's a theory. Why not publish it? You mean that? I don't know the police with it. Not to be a police theory that the Hornet might be in league with certain political bosses. Okay. And use that for a new lead when information lags on the Melvin murdering. Right. I'll be at Desmond's party with bells and detectives. He is hoping something happens.  This company isn't even good for a couple of flat feet. Lay out the cracks, James. Remember we in here because we like it. So there's a reward in such hot company. Hold it flat for it. Can I give you credit for Ethereum and the Melvin bump on? Yeah. Thanks, James. I wonder where all these red faced mugs go in the daytime. Crawl back in the cracks in the woodland. Something I don't know what it is, Nelson. How'd they get around that the Hornet might be here? Don't ask me. I had the feeling all evening something was going to pop. Jinx of the signal has it too. See who was with him? Dick's. I haven't done anything but stand and wait. I know. Hey, boss. What? What's the matter with everyone? What do you mean? They seem like they were waiting. Waiting for something. Oh, screw it. It's crazy. Come on. Let's have a drink. I don't feel like drinking. I'm going after some fresh air. My collar's kind of tight. What time is it now, Jinx? A little afternoon, didn't I? Why? What's funny? My name is Rome. I've never felt something like that before. I wonder if he is here. Who? The Green Hornet. If he is, I'd like to know it. I'd like to get my hands on him. That's what I'd like to know. Nelson, let's check for the doorman. There's no one here without invitations. Okay, it was just a fool idea of mine. We'd check the list a bit real careful, didn't we? Sure. I guess nothing will happen. I never saw you with it, jitters like this. I am. Listen, boss, what's the matter with you? I just come to the back room. Well, whatever. I just wondered, did you leave the window open there? No. I shot it and locked it and had the slides closed over it. That's what I thought you said. Why? It's wide open now. It is. How opened it? I don't know, boss. I went to check up and see if the room was all set for the meeting to discuss the slate of the next election and see the window open. I'll go have a look. Yeah, you better. Well, I'm going to have a dance. What the heck? Nothing will happen. What are you so worried about? Hey, Maisie, how about a dance? I don't feel much like dancing, Elton. No one feels like doing anything. Blast it. This is the worst party, Elton. The boss wants you. Me? Yeah, I just called down. Go to the conference room. Okay. I'll see you later, Maisie. Yeah, don't be long. Where is he? The window's still open. This way. What the? Take it easy. Raise the hands. Turn slow. You, that mask too loud. The hornet. You're the hornet. Desmond. Joe, Joe, where are you? I'm taking his place. You're likely to squeal after the cops pick you up. No, no. What cops? What cops do you think? Those flat feet out there out of the house. They're there to crack the Melvin murder. Listen, wait a minute. Who are you working for? What do you think? Desmond? They won't get their goods on Desmond. He's too handy at putting those who might squeal out of his way. Not me. No, no, not me. I won't squeal. You bet you won't. Desmond has the rod that killed Melvin. What did you take it for? It was all set for... For a suicide, I know. The police wouldn't accept a suicide, Terry. That's where the boss fell down. There was too much reason to suspect murder. That's why I took the rod and the note and the blame for the murder. Now I'm putting myself in the clear. The boss as well. You'll follow up what I do. Plant the gun on you. You can take the murder app. Wait, wait. Listen to me, won't you? You do the list. Don't worry. Even though you're blamed for the murder, it won't bother you any. You won't know about it. Don't bump me. Wait a minute. Won't you let me talk? Five shots left on the gun. It'll match the one that was taken from Melvin's body.  Give me a chance. I won't squeal. I swear I won't squeal. I'll not get the chance. Help. Help. It's a green harness. You take it, rat. Help. Help. He's got me. The harness. I didn't squeal. Help. Help me. Where's the water? That window. Go on. Get after me. Help, Jake. The harness. You're so easy. You're all right.  I tried to get me. I don't know why the gas didn't knock me out. Take the car. Get the green harness. Let him watch your car. Desmond, that double crosser. He had me put on a spot. He's the one. He's the one that got Andrew Melvin. He had him bumped. Where is he now? Come on. Get this man out of here. Come on now. Get back out of here. Don't elect this room over. No chance getting the water. I'm going to talk. I'm going to spill everything. Listen, Desmond is a killer.  This Desmond is closed-press. Knocked out. Killed. Wow! I ain't just gas. I want his gas worked on him all right. Wait, let me show you. Let me prove you, Bump Melvin. Here, let me show you. His pocket. There. There's the gun he used. We'll test it. Check the bore. You'll find it's the same rod that killed Melvin. And Desmond did it? Ain't I telling you? Check the gun. That'll prove it. The Green Hornet didn't do it. Desmond done it. He was the boss of everything. He had Tony Russo bumped off. He ran the insurance racket. Throw the crook in jail. Try to have me bumped, will he? I'll fix him. Boy, we got a story. Let me get my paper. Now break everything now, Kato. Are you sure that needs to be it? Nelson had to frame Desmond because he was sure that if he didn't put him in jail, Desmond would get him. Yes, sir. When he starts talking, he'll involve Nelson. Kato? I think the racket will be smashed before long. I'm expecting a call from headquarters any minute. Well, answer it. Yes? Yes, James. He dead? Good work. All you have to do is find the Green Hornet. Okay. Call the office and give the details to a rewrite. Kato? Desmond has started talking. That is good. He denies all knowledge of the Hornet. But he must admit enough to suddenly where he belongs. Hello, let me have the desk. You call it Ghanigan? Yeah. Hello, Ghanigan. Concerning that headline you hope to use someday. Well, use it. Desmond and his rackets are both finished. The Green Hornet Program originates in the studios of WXYZ Detroit and is presented each Tuesday and Thursday at this same hour through the facilities of the Mutual Broadcasting System.


What's up, everyone? It's your girl, Kenty here from Layton Sports Cards and I am ripping 2021 Panini Contenders Optic Football Hobby 20 box full case break number four tiered random teams. Here's the list of the results. You can always find these at LaytonSportsCards.com underneath the results tab. Link is also in chat for you. All right, here we go. Trying to think of some restaurants over that way, Steven, that you'll have to try. I would always recommend Bahama Breeze. That's just because what my fiance and I have been going there for like the past seven years. It's our favorite restaurant. It's like a Caribbean American cuisine, like America's take on Caribbean. Oops. I guess I'm a little spoiled because I'm with a Jamaican. So I know what real Caribbean food should taste like, but they do a good job. Dude, what's going on? I would suggest there another good, fun place is Senor Frogs. That one's fun. Just don't go with your daughter too late because it does turn into a nightclub. I walk around and give you shots without checking ID. Well, that was back when I was in high school. Walk around and just hand shots to everybody. We're like 16. DeSwift. We've got Tutu Outwell Rookie Rams. Red to 175 in Wangmu Vikings. And we've got a hollow Devante admins for the Packers. We've got 50 to 50 Rookie of the Year Tutu Outwell Rams. And we've got Zach Wilson. Rookie to get auto jets. Nice hit there. Harper B. There you go, Harper. Heck yeah. What are some other, like, there's a lot of chain restaurants down there. If you like, like some touristy stuff, the Ripley's believe it or not is down there. A place, oh, Kobe's. They've got a Kobe's on iDrive. Oh yeah. It's like a Hibachi place.  That place is so good. Aaron Jones. We've got Michael Carter Rookie Jets. Cracked Ice. Khalil Mack to 22. Bares. We've got Beluda 99. Kylan Granson and Jacob Harris on the duel. Gonna roll the dice here. One, two, three, top, four, five, six, bottom. That'll go for the rest of this break, except a one-of-one or an auto. We'll do a random four. Of course you can't see that. That is a one. One on the random. So that's gonna go top for the rest of the break. We've got Falcons. Holo Felipe Franks. Falcons. And Dolphins. Holo Rookie ticket auto. Hunter Long. Dolphins. Hip hip Jose, baby. There you go, Mike. That's what I like to see. They are very hard pull, Luca. I don't know if they have them here in Optic. Contenders Optic, they did in regular contenders. Aaron Donnell. We've got Rookie DeWayne Eskridge, Seahawks, Beluda 99, TJ Hawkinson, Lyons, and Winning Ticket Holo. Not sure. Sharers. That's how you really do it. Then we've got Rookie Ticket auto. Tyson Williams. Ravens. And to 20, RPA Orange. Devonte Smith. Wash Y with the Eagles. I believe 20 is now the lowest. Most of them have been to 25. That is five out of 20. Nice, Devonte. Say, of course, I pulled the same card to 25.  Dude, you literally pulled two red, white, and blues in one box. All right, we've got a Herbie second year. Rookie of Jalen Waddell Dolphins. Red to 175. Josh Palmer and Winning Ticket Holo. TJ Watt. Got Washington Holo. Rated Rookie Auto. Dax Milne. Washington. And Rookie Ticket Auto. Tommy Trumbull on the hollow for the Panthers. Yeah, I don't think we've pulled a dual auto yet all day. Oh, they just tied it up. I know Bradley and Brennan are happy. We've got Josh Jacobs. Rashad Bateman. Rookie Ravens. Terrace Marshall Jr. Holo. Rookie Panthers. We've got scope. Black to 25. Justin Herbert. That is such a nasty insert. Chargers. Noah C. on the splitting image. 18 of 25. A black scope. That is sick. We'll mag that. Got Rookie Ticket Auto. Ravens. Tyson Williams. Oh, this one's cool. And to 50, we've got all-time contenders of Chris Carter. Vikings. Vikings. Josh Oh, the Vikings. Charlie Steakhouse. There's one of those in the ultimate mall. Really good. And I like cheesesteaks and stuff like that. Oh, yeah. We have one of those in the mall here. Got Antonio Gibson. Tylen Wallace. Rookie Ravens. Holo. Second-year Herbie. There you go. See, like, if you tilt it just slightly to that, like, the light that bounces off of that. Which is really good. Yeah. And Lottery Ticket Kyler Murray. Cardinals. Nice. Heck, yeah, I kind of like that this is a QB-only set, you know? I feel like it would look kind of funky if it wasn't. Yeah. It's unique. We've got Lyons Rookie Ticket Auto. Jamar Jefferson. Lyons. And Bill's Rookie Ticket Auto. Greg Russo. Yep. Yep. We love us some Tomahawk Breeze. So, it's chained, then? Or is it? Yeah, it's part of the army. Gotcha. And he gets the same thing every single time we go there for the past seven years. How did he get it?  Kalil Mack. Mack Jones Rookie Ticket. We've got Blue to 99 D-Hot for the Cardinals. And Orange to 50. Winning Ticket Aaron Rogers. Nice. We've got to 99 Blue Rookie Ticket Auto for Funga. Niners. And Jack's Rookie Ticket Auto, Luc Farrell.  It's like a, like, a little bit spicier Alfredo.  It's a cream-based sauce with a little bit of spice to it. That's really good. It comes with mushrooms and asparagus. I get mine. I've been ordering it like that, but with shrimp. And then within the last year, they added a shrimp pasta. And Rose, like, they literally put that on the menu because of you. D-Hot, because I've been, like, customizing it and ordering it like that for the past six years. Rashad Bateman Rookie. We've got Red to 175. Keenan Allen. And Blue MVP Russell Wilson to 99. Demon, there's a link to some personal boxes of soccer that we have currently in the shop. Got Green Pulsar to 30 for the Titans. Elijah Molden, Rookie Auto. Oh, I thought that just kept that command. There was a command for that. I was like, what the heck? I didn't know we had that. And Rookie Ticket Auto, Tyson Campbell for the Jags. That would be cool, though. That's something that we definitely should add. The only thing is, like, if you did that, would you want it to link you to, like, soccer breaks or soccer personal boxes? It would have to be personal. That would be way, because you'd have to update the link, like, every day for the breaks. Yeah, that's true too. On the back end, that would be way too much. Okay, we only have five cards in this box. Got T.J. Hawkinson, Rookie of Eli Mitchell Niners, and Round Numbers, Pits and Chase. Oh, that is top. Going to the top, Kyle Pitts. Then we've got Vikings, Rookie Ticket Auto, Patrick Jones II. And we've got both of our autos. That's all that matters. And Bills, Rookie Ticket of Boogie Bashum on the Hollow. We need a Boogie Bashum counter. Forget one of one counters. We need a Boogie. Yeah, we really do. 56 ounce steak. Oh my gosh. The sound of that makes me sick. I can imagine eating 52 ounces of steak. Terry McLauren, we've got Amon Ross Saint Brown, Rookie Lyons, Hollow, Simi Fajoco, Cowboys, and Pink, the 75X's and O's, Harrison Smith, and Kirk Cousins. Colts, Rookie Ticket Auto, Mike Stratchen. And we've got some 99, Blue for the Bears, Rookie Ticket of Dazz Newsome. Dazz Newsome, redemption come up. Second year, Joey B. Rookie Ticket, Josh Palmer, Chargers. We've got Blueda 99, DeWayne Eskridge, Seahawks, and Hollow, Davante Smith, and Jalen Waddle. That'll go top with the Eagles. We've got Bucks, Hollow, Rookie Ticket Auto, Jalen Darden. Bucking ears and redemption. Good luck everyone. We've got Jayman Davis, Rookie Ticket Auto, car number 151. Going to Washington. Dirty day in and out with Washington. Yeah, it is kind of like, kind of like occasion sauce. Yeah, mixed with like Alfredo. D-Hawk, Rondell Moore, Rookie Cardinals. Got cracked ice rookie, Matt Joel! Hard to see that 10. That is a 10 though. If I put a little bit of glare on it, there you go. You can see a little bit better there. 10 of 22. Wow. Magnet, of course. We have 250. Yep. It's a 50 Trask and Terrace Marshall Jr. It's going to go top. We've got Lyons, Amon Rossin Brown on the on-card auto. Is it? That Mac is cut long. It's not going to fit into a top. A Mac, unfortunately.  And 400 points. We'll run them off at the end. Yeah, I could tell you're a little bit behind, JB. Stuff, Blake. Hey, Blake. Any more cool videos of your games? Stafford. We've got Fire Mood. Fire Mood. Friar Mood. That's a pretty cool nickname. Fire Mood. We've got cracked ice rookie ticket, Simi Fahoko to 22 for the boys. Three of 22 there. Got blue to 99 Lamar Jackson. Ravens. We've got a redemption. We've got rookie ticket on-card auto. Remandre Stevenson for the Patriots. And let's see. We got redemption of Jamar Chase on the throwback. Rookie auto again. Nice one there. Bangles. Calvin E. That's sick. I need to see what those are numbered to. Yeah, let's see real quick. I'm curious. Rookie tickets, all time, Super Bowl, Coaches ticket. I think I passed it. Contenders throwback. So it's either to 25 or a one-of-one gold vinyl. So that's cool. Pretty low numbered on that. That's crazy. We pulled two of those so far, 125. Wow. Wow, they don't have... Oh yeah, they do. They have a Najee here. It's on the 2011 one. That's cool. Got Stephon Diggs. Mack Jones base. Blue to 99. Cadarius Tony. Or is that red? That is red, sorry. To 175. And up-and-coming rookie Rashad Bateman. Ravens. Got to 99. Blue rookie ticket auto. John Bates. This one's cool. How about Ravens? Terrell Davis on the gold. Legendary contenders. Broncos. Dan M. Striking again. Nice hit. I know, right? Luca, we've only hit one and it was a Gronk and it was six. That was so sick. That was... Yeah, that one was to 25. Got Kyler. Jalen Darden. Oh, I think I see Nebula. Nebula, rookie Elijah Moore for the Jets. That is to two. One out of two for the Jets. Harper B. Some nice Jets cards coming your way. Nice Elijah, we'll mad that. Then we've got gold scope, splitting image of the king himself, Derek Henry. Nice one there, Titans. Muhammad A. on that one. That is 22. Jersey number out of 25. Heck yeah. And we've got to 99. Rookie ticket for the Texans. Thought it was all redemptions in this. Oh wow, nice. I think it's gold too. You had a big one next, y'all. Wow. Jersey number one out of 10. We've got Jamar Chase, Black Scope, Rookie of the Year. Boom. Yeah. Calvin E. with the bangles. Wow. On that, with the orange. That is nasty. Again, one of 10. 10 on the Jersey number. I thought it was gold too, because it was the 10. That is sick.  We'll mad that one. I think that's the first and only Chase we've seen. Yeah, that's live. I didn't realize he was live in this. Oh, that one is a sticker auto. So that's, I mean, that's promising. If you get a redemption, it's going to be on car. Yeah, true. So that's something to look forward to. I know it's like the fourth Jersey number of the case. Isn't that crazy? You got a lot of Jersey number two out of the last one. Matt Stafford, Rookie, Tyler Wallace-Ravens. We've got Beluda 99, Kellan Mond, Vikings, and Orange. Matt Jones in the charge. Going to the top with Patriots. And we've got Panthers, Rookie ticket of Tommy Tremble in redemption. Let's see what we got. Trevor Lawrence, Rookie ticket, RPS gold, baby. Let's go. What an end to this case. So sick. Oh, did he pull one earlier? I didn't realize that. That's sick. Travis Kelsey, Amon Rossi, and Brown Rookie Lions. We've got Red Wayne blue to 13 on the Rookie ticket, Simi Fajoco. So we got a red, white, and blue and a cracked ice for the cowboys there. Four of 13. Speaking of, we've got a MVP contenders. There is a little bit of a dent in like that M. You can kind of see it right there. Just like a fingernail right there. Oh, yoyoy. MVP, that is just the base hollow. We've got Lions, Choo Choo Atwell on the on-card auto. Rams, a little bit of smudge there. And Eagles, Rookie ticket on-card as well. Kenneth Gainwell. Nice two on-card autos. Yeah, really, Jonathan. We haven't been that lucky to pull first off the line. I keep saying pull. See, I can't even say purple. Purple Pulsar. Khalil Mack, Nico Collins, Texans Rookie. We've got Red to 175, Josh Palmer. And Brown numbers, Chuba Hubbard and Amon Rossi Brown. Going to go top with the Panthers. Vikings Rookie ticket, Otto Chas Serrat. And Jalen Darden on-card Rookie Otto, Bucks. Got D-Swifts, Rookie of Kellan-Mon Vikings. Got Red to 175, CMC. We've got Green Pulsar winning ticket. Rookie, Jamar Chase, 13 of 30. Calvin E. Killin' It with the Chases. We'll mag that one. Giants Rookie ticket, Otto Aziz Azulari. And Lions Rookie ticket on-card, Otto Amon Rossi Brown. Last box, everyone. Again, we do have 400 points to random. And then we will do a recap. Tannenhill. We've got Jamar Chase Rookie base. Red to 175, Kenan Allen. Blue MVP to 99, Justin Herbert. Nice one there, Chargers. We've got to 50 on the hollow Trayvon Mo-Rig for the Raiders. 39 of 50. And last one here, we've got Variation. Rookie, Ticket on-card, Otto Ramandre Stevenson. Patriots. Again, those have a little variation on the back there. All right. Give me one second. Let me set up the random here. Again, we've got 400 points to give away. Vohundit points. Got one in five. That is six times on the random. Six times here again. Top team will take those 400 points. One, two. Three, four, five, six. Bears going to the Bears. All right, recap time. I'm going to get a random Bateman in here or something. No, no. Okay. Ramandre Stevenson Patriots. Trayvon Mo-Rig Raiders. Aziz Agilari Giants. Darden for the Bucks. Chesterette Vikings. Gainwell Eagles. Tutu for the Rams. John Bates Washington. Ramandre Stevenson. Pat Zamanra. St. Brown. Lyons. Redemption. Jayman Davis for Washington. Jalen Darden Bucks. Stas Newsome Bears. Mike Stratchin. Colts. Boogie Bash on Bills. Patrick Jones II. Vikings. Tyson Campbell Jags. Elijah Molden on the Green Colesar. Titans. Luke Farrell. Jags. Hufanga. Niners. Jamar Jefferson. Lyons. Greg Russo. Bills. Lavery ticket. Kyler Murray. Chris Carter on the All Time. Contenders. Vikings. Tyson Williams. Ravens. Tommy Trumbull Panthers. Dex Milne. Washington. Tyson Williams. Ravens. Hunter Long Dolphins. Felipe Franks. Falcons. Tutu Atwell on the Rookie of the Year. Then we had our Mags cards. What a break. We had the Cracked Ice Jersey Number. Mack Jones. This was cut long. So it did not fit in a Mag unfortunately. That is 10 out of 22. We had the Jamar Chase Purple Pit. Purple pink. My goodness. Green. This is green. Green pool started 30. Bangles. Then we had the Gold Legendary Contenders. Charelle Davis to 10. Broncos. Black Scope to 25. Herbie. That was Jersey Number 2 right now. Not this one. Chargers. Then we had Elijah Moore on the Nebula to 2 Jets. Bangles redemption on the Throwback Jamar Chase. Jags. Gold. T-Law redemption. Huge hit there. Zach Wilson. Rookie Base Auto Jets. Devonte Smith. RPA to 20. And Jamar Chase. Black Scope. Rookie of the Year. Jersey Number 1 of 10. Hell of a break to end contenders for today. Give us a few minutes. We got some flawless coming up.


We were fighting like lonely soldiers, you know? But now we are not alone. When I see that Gary Kasparov has been fighting for years and years against Putin, Lopoldo Lopez has been fighting against Maduro, and many other activists, it just gives me power that I'm not alone in this battle. We're fighting together, and together we are stronger.


everybody, thanks for your patience with us. Both Dr. Hila and I were just getting through some other things today and here we are. And today I'm super excited, not only about my guess, but about the topic. I think you'll find it very, very relevant. Whether or not you use CBD or know much about it, we're going to dive into some of the science behind the effects for brain, for sure, but also for the body. And I have been just very surprised and interested in continuing to learn more about how beneficial it can be for neurological inflammation. So before we do that, just a little background, you know, I'm here most Tuesdays and some Fridays and we always love when you join, I will try to keep track of some questions along the side. So if you have questions in real time or want to say hello, just type into the feed there. If you're watching this recorded on the podcast or on YouTube, you can certainly comment there and subscribe as well. Anything that you want to know as far as old shows can be found on my YouTube channel, which is just under my name, Dr. Jill Carnahan. So go there. We have like 70 plus hours of interviews with great experts like Dr. Cass and so many other things. And then if you want free blog information, that's at my website, jillcarnahan.com. And last thing is if you aren't part of the newsletter, please do subscribe. I'll leave a link there. I have all kinds of free stuff we share every week on the newsletter. So I want to introduce my friend. We have traveled in the same circles with functional integrative medicine for probably over a decade. And I just always have such great respect about the information that Dr. Cass brings to our field. And today will be no different. You will really enjoy hearing from her. I'm going to actually do a formal introduction and then we'll jump right in. So Dr. Hyla is a recognized pioneer in holistic and functional medicine and psychiatry in particular. She's a frequent guest on radio, TV, podcast and documentaries. She's written several popular books, including The Addicted Brain and How to Break Free, Natural Highs with Patrick Holford and Eight Weeks to Vibrant Help. She helps people enhance their mood and mind as well as overcome addiction using targeted nutritional supplements. Her latest addition is CBD, which we'll talk all about today, which enhances the effect of the other nutrients as well as having many positive effects on brain health. So welcome, Dr. Cass. Thank you so much for taking the time to be here. Such a pleasure. I'm just delighted to be here. Me too. And we've tried several times. I just told you before we jumped on, thank you for your patience. I think I canceled twice. And it's just those crazy schedules of ours. And I apologize, but I'm so glad we're here. I'm glad we made it work. And it's so good to see you even virtually. So let's dive in. What I love to start with with guest is story of just how you got into medicine first, and then how you'd navigate it to functional integrative. And then we'll go on to CBD. But tell us just a little bit about your journey. Well, I think I was destined to be a doctor. My dad was a doctor. And from the earliest, my earliest memories are going on calls with him or he also had his office at home. We lived in Toronto and we had this beautiful furnished basement with, you know, it was not a cellar. It was a beautiful office space. And I would be the greeter. Here I am like five years old, six years old. I'd be answering the door and letting them in. And I felt like I was part of the family, part of the club. And as I got older, he would discuss cases with me. And he acted as if I were a colleague. And I just sort of, you know, how you play it fake until you make it. So I just kind of fell into it. He actually took me to Women's College Hospital one time with women doctors and said, see women are doctors. Because this was a time when there were very few women doctors. So a lot of encouragement from my father for the rest in peace. And he really inspired me in inspiring me to be the kind of doctor I am because he was very, very kind, very personable. I'd see people walk in to the office feeling very upset, worried and walk out smiling. So you really modeled that really bedside manner and how cool that from such a young age, you got to witness and see and the power of that, what you're talking about is like that holding space for people, right? Like except making a space for them to feel comfortable. Because what we do in medicine, it's there's a lot of vulnerability. And I realize more and more the more I do it, the more like how precious it is the gift of sitting with a patient and having them like really share some deep, dark stuff. Sometimes happy, but sometimes really difficult with us. It's like sacred, isn't it? Like this thing that we get to. It's sacred for us. Yeah. Yeah. And then, you know, by the way, medical school was allopathic, regular old medicine, but very interesting. I just found it fascinating. What I didn't like, however, was the way patients were treated. Yes.  And I just was always kind of empathizing with the patient and trying to find a better way to do things. And it became clear to me that the medications were not the answer. And I very early on, even in the residency, started looking at alternatives. And that is diet and lifestyle. I love that because you started right in even during education. I did the same before we got out into practice.  I learned so much great foundation, but then it's like allopathic plus, we've got a bigger toolbox, right? Right. So I expanded my toolbox and continued to always going to conferences and learning, learning new methods. And it's such an evolving, exciting field. You know, there's no end to it. And we see the results. We get results. We get amazing results. We do. And especially, so especially the field of psychiatry, which is your expertise, I love your perspective because it's so needed. And I'm curious as far as you kind of started delving into this very early. But you mentioned alluded this, but I want to talk more because right now, psychiatry, mostly the tools of conventional psychiatry or medications, there's a place for those. We all use them. But tell me more about when you saw that model and the limitations and then how that allowed you to go into other options, because really there's not a ton of allopathic options besides medications. Well, when you work with the body's chemistry, I mean, we have the best chemistry, the best pharmacy inside us. And nature knows how to heal us. So it's ludicrous to think we could take a strong medication and sort of clobber our brain into submission. It doesn't work. Right. It really does clobber you. And the side effects are terrible. Yeah, that's what I've seen, too, is that certainly and often the body is so smart that it will change neurotransfer production or become immune, which is also the changing of the neurochemistry over time so that even if a med initially gave some benefit often over time, I find it to be much less effective.  Yes. So the same brain changes that make the drug not work anymore, also interfere with you being able to get off it. So getting off it suddenly is really dangerous, really bad, and you can have terrible effects that last for months, even years. So the way to do it there is a way to do it and that is do it gradually, but also to support your own chemistry with the right nutrients with starting with diet lifestyle and specific targeted nutrients that help make your neurotransmitters your brain chemicals. Like our brain knows how to do that if we give it the right material. So let's talk just briefly about nutritional interventions and then I want to go mostly of our talk to CBD specifically, but obviously for your decades of practice that the nutrition has been primary. What would you do if someone came in, say depression, anxiety, what kinds of things?  Right? Yeah. How would you frame that and kind of start to get them on the path nutritionally? Yeah. The interesting thing is, of course, it doesn't stop at the brain, it doesn't end there.  It's a whole body process. Of course, we look at the gut, we look for infections, toxicity, all heavy metals and chemicals. We look for a history of head injury. We look for any source of inflammation, because when the brain is trying to tell us something, when a person shows up with anxiety and depression, those are our symptoms. Those are our conditions. They're symptoms. It's the brain saying, I'm inflamed. I'm missing something. Something's out of balance. So then we test, we take a good history and give them what they need. If it's a gut, and very often it's the microbiome, it's out of balance. And there's a very strong gut-brain connection. So we definitely have to heal the gut. So psychiatry is not really just the study of the brain. In fact, in allopathic medicine, they're not even looking at the brain really. It's probably the only specialty where they don't look at the actual organ. Yeah. So interesting to think that way, right? And something you mentioned really interesting. I was just talking to a friend who's a neurosurgeon for the Denver Broncos, and he's got functional medicine training as well. So I love talking to him because he's got this very conventional. And he was talking about the data on TBI's traumatic brain injuries and concussions, and really talking about how if a human just gets a traumatic brain injury and they really don't have any underlying infections or mold toxicity or anything else, they often recover and do pretty well. But it's like the traumatic brain injury concussion, plus the inflammation from something like Lyme disease or inflammation from autoimmunity or infection or toxic mold. And it really escalates the traumatic brain injury to be an issue, like the long-term consequences of that. So he was almost saying, bottom line, if you just have a head injury and that's it, you can often recover, especially if it's mild. It's that plus the underlying infection, inflammation, things that cause what we could call autoimmune encephalopathy or toxic encephalopathy or whatever other term we'd use. And you're more of an expert than I, and so is he. But I was fascinated to hear him say in this conventional concussion, professional athlete world that it's really not the concussion by itself. It's concussion plus inflammation from an infection, right? I'm sure you see that and would agree. Absolutely. And you take the patient where you see them. You know, I was somebody who's in the accumulation of their lifetime whatever experiences they've had. Yeah. And it could be really, really does matter. So let's talk about CBD. I agree. Like I've been just as I read the neurological benefits and the science and the literature, it's amazing to me how profoundly beneficial that or how many benefits that it actually has. Let's talk a little bit about when did you really find the benefits and start to use it in your practice and take us through some of that with CBD and the benefits and what you're seeing happen and it being used for? Well, a few years ago when it kind of came crashing onto the scene, I looked into it. In fact, I was a little curious because I'm not a particular fan of THC. I know people enjoy getting high, but it was not something that interested me so much. And when I first heard about CBD, I thought, well, yeah, it's probably an excuse to get high. You know, what did I know? So some friends of mine had written a book about it, but I did read the book. And then it's like a light went on. Wow, there is something to this. And the effects it can have on psychiatric conditions is amazing for anxiety, depression, seizure disorders, traumatic brain disorder. So we're just talking about TBI. It's excellent for TBI Alzheimer's. So I took it. I began to take it really seriously. And, you know, it sounds like this is a panacea, you know, is this placebo effect, but it isn't really because you can use it on animals too. And they have a very good result. The reason why it works in so many different ways and doing so many different things has to do with its influence on something called the endocannabinoid system. And once you understand that, when you understand the endocannabinoid system, you can get why CBD works in so many different ways. So do you want me to explain? Yes, let's talk a little bit about that system, because these receptors are all over our body, right? That's what's really cool. We have them in the brain, in our organs, in our immune system, in the gut, in our endocrine system, everywhere. And it's a system of communication and homeostasis. So it helps, it facilitates communication among all those systems. And its job is to help us to rest, to protect us, to de-stress us and to heal. So really important things. Very important system, really important. And the difficult thing is that a lot of people have a low endocannabinoid system, which means it's not doing all of those good things that you want it to do. The two main endocannabinoids, we actually make these endocannabinoids, these feel-good chemicals. One of them is anandamide and the other is 2AG and then a bunch of others, but these are the most studied. Now anandamide was first discovered in connection with THC, tetrahydropevanol, which is what gets you high in weed. And it's the molecule that when THC, it was postulated, THC makes you high. It has to have a corresponding molecule inside us, right? Because there is a receptor for it. And then it was discovered it was the anandamide receptor that THC was going for. And the product that we make is anandamide. So we make our very own THC, as it were. But it's called anandamide. So while THC attaches to that receptor, CBD also facilitates the receptor in just a little different way.  You can have GI problems. All of these things are going on because you have a low endocannabinoid system. We can come in and use a phytocannabinoid phytomine plant like cannabidiol. And it comes in and it makes the anandamide work better. So it works with your own inner pharmacy to do what needs to be done. And it does it so much better than a drug because you're working with an already existing system. You just have to feed the system, recognize it and feed it. And you have an amazing treatment. That's what I've seen, Carla. It's basically the different, the patients that come in, their stress system is out of whack and all the the signs and symptoms that you mentioned are really related a lot to the stress hormones and that and it sounds like is there evidence that it decreases cortisol or that it changes some of the stress response? Sure. In the stress response, what is it? It's fight or flight. We're in danger. When we're in danger, what happens? Our heart rate goes up. Our hearing becomes more acute. Our vision becomes more acute. The blood all goes to the periphery so we can run. And we're built for that. We're built for fight or flight because we had to run away from predators. However, these days, we're not running away from predators. We're sitting at a desk and what's going on? We're stressed. There's financial issues or deadlines. There's kids, there's families, all kinds of stuff going on. So our stress response is going, but we're not running. We're not dissipating that cortisol and adrenaline. It's just coursing through us. And what happens? Everything is going to the periphery, the blood flow and the energy. So our more vegetative aspects, our hormones, reproduction, our gut function, digestion, our heart working the right way, our blood pressure being normal, all of that kind of goes by the wayside because we're in fight or flight and our body is acting as if we don't need those other things going on right then.  So everything goes offline and it's a physiological response. It's actually a normal response to an abnormal situation. So you're absolutely right. So the endocannabinoid system is there to de-stress us. The problem is, this is a big problem, when we're stressed, our endocannabinoid system goes low. So we don't have enough of it to counterbalance all this stress. You can actually tap it with CBD and say, hey, come on, help us out. To produce internal endocannabinoids. So there you go. Wow. Very simple and big sense. And the thing that I think you've made really clear, but I know, I was just like you, like I wasn't a prescriber of marijuana. I wasn't a fan of THC. So I initially was very adverse to get into that field. But as I like you, looked at the literature of CBD, I found it to be profoundly beneficial. And especially, let's talk a little bit about the indications that you would use it for. It sounds like a lot of people could benefit, but neurologically or otherwise, I found in my patients, of course, like seizures, brain inflammation, what else, what would be the spectrum of types of patients you would prescribe this for or recommend it for? Well, in form of anxiety. Now, one big issue that is kind of rampant is post-traumatic stress disorder. And people often don't even know they have it because it may have been very early trauma, may have been cumulative trauma. It may have been issues with early attachment. And they don't really know what it is, but they have this just deep anxiety that's going on. Well, what's been shown is that CBD is really good for dealing with it. It goes to the part of the brain, the amygdala, which is an limbic system, and in a way it detoxifies the traumatic memory. So the memory can remain. You can remember, if you do remember it, certainly military people who've seen horrible things in battle and they have post-traumatic stress disorder. So they can maintain the memory, but the fear, the horrible fear that goes with it, is dissipated because that's what it does. That is exactly what the endocannabinoid system does. You support the endocannabinoid system and it works for you. Wow. Now, that makes a ton of sense because I've done a lot of work and I've had a good life, but we all have some sorts of traumas. And so I have dove into those myself. And what I found is, as I deal with those and heal those, I can have a memory, but it no longer has a charge. And that's what you're talking about. I can have an older memory if you have something that seemed my cancer at 25 years old in the diagnosis. And now I can talk about it. And it's like it happened. I realized it and some of it was tough, but there's no charge associated with it once you work through it. And it's all like this system and CBD in general could help discharge a charged memory, right? Yeah, and not only that, you said something interesting too. And that is, I'm sure you did a lot of processing. Yeah, therapeutic processing. When you're in fight or flight under the stress response, your rational thinking and your processing really go south because you don't have to think analytically or philosophically or remember a whole lot when you're running away from a lion or a tiger, right? So you're absolutely automatic. You can't think straight.  We know, you know, like cops who shoot people when they don't mean to, but they're stressed and they're reacting rather than responding rationally. So as we shore up the end of cannabinoid system, your brain comes online and then you can actually process. So in some ways it actually just dissipates the fear just by virtue of biochemistry, but it also gives you the ability to process and to do the lifestyle things that we know we need to feel better to deal with stress and meditation, dancing, socializing, being in nature, all of these things. So that's interesting because I remember learning years ago, like I was always on the go and I'd run and do activities that were high intensity and I had trouble sitting still. Now you're knowing where I'm going with this because that's trauma-based. So I learned over the years that part of me being still, things would come up and they were uncomfortable. So I would never sit still, just go, go, go, go, go. But as I learned that that was part of a trauma response in order to be still and process some of these things, I can see how that kind of CBD would be helpful or the cannabinoid system because it would allow you to sit with your thoughts, your feelings and those kinds of things in process versus run, which is our fight or flight. So that makes a ton of sense. Now how do you use, say someone has never tried them before and they have a post-concussion injury or they're dealing with trauma or they're just, they can't sleep, they're anxious, how would you recommend they start or try that? Would it be just in the bedtime during the day? What would be a typical recommendation for a patient who is struggling with some of these issues? Well, it depends on the issue. If it's insomnia, you'll want to take it close to bedtime, although some people have a paradoxical reaction. And even though it should make you sleepy and it helps you to relax, occasionally somebody gets a little activated. So I say always start taking it during the day anyway or take it on a weekend when it won't matter. And sometimes people will take it to help them focus, which it does beautifully. And they find it makes them drowsy because that's their setup. That's their internal chemistry. So you never quite know what the average is. It'll do both. If you take a CBD, it'll help you to focus during the day and sleep at night and like that. I actually developed my own line of CBD because I wanted to have certain qualities in it. I wanted a good taste. I didn't like the grassy taste of most of the formulas. So I put an MCT oil, which is healing in its own right, and added some essential oil or organic essential lemon oil for flavor. So that's good and organically grown. And in just different formulas, I have something that's a daytime one, and that speaks to what you just asked also, that the daytime one has specific terpenes that are more activating and focusing and the evening one has more calming and relaxing terpenes. And so in the plant, in the cannabis plant, we have not only CBD and THC, but we also have terpenes. And terpenes are a really important part of all herbs, all plants. And it's what gives them their distinctive smell, like oregano, lavender. We smell it and they have medicinal qualities. So it's the same thing with CBD and we can add specific terpenes to boost it even further. And that's what I was going to ask you about. I knew these terpenes and things have been really important and been studied. And I know that your products are really holistic as would we'd expect because they have a little bit more of a spectrum of those active components in them. I actually recommend that people get a bottle of day and a bottle of night and then they can experiment.  So let's say you get a 750 milligram bottle, which is 25 milligrams per ml, which is a whole dropper, but the dropper is marked off in, so it's a measured dropper. So you can actually titrate, start off maybe a half a dropper, a quarter of a dropper, put it under your tongue, preferably close to a fatty meal, because it's fat and it will be absorbed better and digested better because you've eaten some fat. So avocado, salmon, whatever. And let it absorb under your tongue for 30 seconds to a minute. And notice what happens in sort of the next 10, 15 minutes. And you could actually have an effect on your target symptom. It could be the pain goes away, anxiety goes down, whatever it is. And if it doesn't, if that's not enough, then you do another dose. And you can keep going that day or you wait till the next day and try again and increase it more till you find what your dose is. And then you're usually dosing two or three times a day. Yeah. And I want to be clear because you and I both were a little apprehensive years ago when we first got introduced to CBD and the benefits. But for those of you listening, you don't get high from CBD by itself. It's really THC is the component. And again, Dr. Hasse, you can clarify if I'm saying this wrong. But a lot of people are nervous and they've had the stigma around it. And the science in CBD and our cannabinoids to me, it is far safer than most of the drugs we prescribe. So I want to be really clear there that we're not, there's not a component here that makes you feel high in general. I mean, there are products out there that do that. But what we're talking about is the primary, primarily CBD product. Is that right? Yeah. THC, in fact, the cannabis plant has been bred to contain up to 25% THC. That's a lot. I'm really squeezing out the CBD. They don't want CBD. And that's a little dangerous. A lot of particularly young people, particularly trying it for the first time can end up having some really adverse reactions because it's just too much for their system. In the old days, it was more balanced. It may have been grown to have THC in it, but certainly not to the extent that it is now. It reminds me of gluten. They've a wheat. They've bred it to contain a lot more gluten than it used to. So now the US types of wheat that are grown are typically very high gluten and people can go to Europe and have that and not have a reaction whereas here they do. It's a very similar idea as we've actually hybridized some of these products to be more harmful than they were originally meant to be. Exactly. By the way, when you have this reaction, because people become agitated, they even become paranoid and they end up going to the emergency room and they end up getting an injection of very strong psychiatric medication told that they'll have to be on it maybe forever. These are young people and it's such a shame. What really needs to happen is they need to get hold of some CBD and that will neutralize. It actually comes between the THC and the receptor. Wow. So it forces it out in a really good way and takes its place. It's coming, relaxing. It does the exact opposite of what the THC had just been doing. Yeah. Fascinating. Now one last thing and then I want to be sure and ask where we can find your products and we'll put the links in. But there are differences in CBD receptors genetically with people, right? Because some people have. I know I found out recently that I actually don't have a lot of receptors or there's some reason because I have trouble telling a lot with them. Now in patients, I've seen amazing results, but I've always wondered because I think that my receptors, have you seen that? Are there any specific genes you've seen or any genetic components where people are less sensitive or maybe need different types? Usually it's because their endocannabinoid system is low. So you, what you do is you keep titrating up until you get a dose that really works. Okay. And then after a while, you don't have to keep taking really high doses. After a while, the brain, which is this neuroplasticity, the brain adjusts and you may not need as much. To kind of, I would like to sensitize the receptors in someone like that. And then once they have the effect of sleep or less anxiety or whatever else. Now typically when people use CBD for whatever reason that we've talked about, are they off and on using it long term or is it more short term and then they're balanced and then once in a while? What would you typically do? Really, it really depends. Really depends. I know I take it all the time. Yeah. Yeah. Again, I try patients too with pain or whatever else. It's just profound game changer. And like I said, if we compare it to any sort of oxycodone over the counter for pain or the anxiety benzodiazepines, this is such a safe way to go compared to many of the drugs that we use. And the evidence is very strong. Of course. Yeah. Not only that, over my years of practice, what I did a lot of was help people taper off of these medications, which many people should not have gone on in the first place. But using CBD in the withdrawal process is very, very helpful. It helps to regulate the other neurotransmitters. You know, the GABA, serotonin, which are calming and make you feel good. So it balances your neurotransmitters and helps you in a really easy way to taper off the drug. Fantastic. Well, this is tremendous. Where can people find you and your products? And I know people are dying to know and I'll include the link. Tell us more about that. My website is drcast.com, D-R-C-A-S-S dot com. And you'll find a lot of information, a lot of how-to information, background information. I have some blogs. In fact, I have a blog on traumatic brain injury and CBD. And I'm always there. I see all kinds of great resources. And look at this. There's topicals. Tell us about your topicals. I see some facial products. Oh, yes.  And it's amazing. Oh, that sounds super helpful. And then I have some face serum for something for your eyes for those wrinkles that happen to show up as we age. And there's also a nice face oil. So it's not oily like it's heavy oil. It's just a nice healing oil that does a lot. There's a lot that CBD does for your skin as well. Yes. Fantastic. I'm excited to try some of those myself. Very good. Good. Well, we will include that link. It looks like I have all kinds of fun stuff. I'm going to go back and take a look at this. Any last words of advice to our listeners? This is just a really important topic. And I think it's such a great alternative to some of the drugs and even whether it's inflammation, pain. Like I said, we talked about neurological inflammation, seizures. I see so many people nowadays with some sort of encephalopathy, whether it's from trauma or from infection or from inflammation. And we briefly talked about before, there's so many patients now with Lyme disease and mold related illness. And this is something that can be very helpful for them too. Is there anything we didn't mention that you can think of that would be another indication or that people might be thinking about that might be a little unusual? I think we covered a lot of that. I mean, it's very good for dementia. It helps to break down amyloid plaque. And it helps to build up BDNF, which is brain derived nerve growth factor. So it actually helps to regrow neurons and connections. So pretty important in our older population. It is. And that is becoming epidemic, isn't it? The early dementia and Alzheimer's. And then of course, you have to treat everything else that's related to dementia. It could be Lyme and mole and all the rest. So it's pretty complicated. I also want to say that I have a gift for your listeners. And that is a 15% discount with the code word Dr. Jill 15. Awesome. Thank you, Hyla. That's exciting. We will be sure and share that as well. So if you guys want to check out her products, I will include that link. And thank you so much for taking the time and energy to talk to us. This is such an important topic. And really, really appreciate you today. And thank you for the opportunity. I just love educating people about CBD. Don't be afraid of it. You know, you start low and slow. You gradually build up and you'll be really happy you did it. Yeah, I couldn't agree more. Thanks so much.


Thank you very much, Madame, and I'll take the liberty of speaking in French. I'd like to begin by mentioning the words of Mr Peterson, who once said that birds have wings, they're free, they can fly wherever they want, when they want. They have the type of mobility which many people would envy, and we know that around half a billion birds migrate on an annual basis. Between Africa, Asia and Europe, they look for food and for a place to make their nest, and they're at home at the beginning and at the end of these journeys that they make. Around 3% of the global human population also lives outside its country of birth. In fact, one in seven people today can see themselves migrants, but following the rapid degradation of natural resources across the Earth for many people, an increasing number of people, there's a certain amount of vulnerability, and migration is nothing to be envied. They have to migrate, in fact, because they're no longer able to stay at home. Now when lands are used inappropriately and climate change is thrown into the bargain, people move firstly to the nearest available plot of agricultural land, and often that involves forests. 80% of deforestation pressures around the world are the result of agricultural expansion. Of course, once the Earth is exhausted, in those areas, migration is obligatory. People have to move elsewhere, and so we find ourselves in a pattern of paradigm of degradation, abandonment and migration. Often, people have to find themselves in cities, and there they become vulnerable. We're preparing a perfect storm here, and a number of different factors are contributing to one another. We expect the global population to reach almost 9 billion by 2050, and there will be many increases in problems with access to water and the like. Agricultural lands will become even rarer than they currently are in many regions of the world. Even today, 12 million hectares of agricultural lands are lost annually because of desertification, and over the course of the next 25 years, the reduction in the cost of lands could lead to around 12% as a reduction in global food production. Meanwhile, according to the IPCC, the average agricultural yield could drop by 2% every 10 years, which would lead potentially to an increase of 30% in global food prices. Meanwhile, water will become increasingly rare because global warming causes the Earth to lose its humidity and its water, breaks the water cycle and leads to increasing periods of drought. In 2050, more than 5 billion people will probably live in drought affected regions. The limits of our capacity will thus have been achieved in many different areas. Over the course of the next few decades, 135 million people will be displaced by desertification and land degradation. And Africa is particularly vulnerable. The population is going by around 3% annually, and around 80% of people in that area depend on the productivity of the lands, which are decreasing in quality. Climate change is a massive factor here. We already see increases in temperature in that region, and precipitation is also being affected in Niger and Chad. We've seen more than a million displaced by these factors, and 3.5% of the Senegalese population has migrated from rural to urban areas over the course of the past 5 years. In many cases, these migrant populations go to areas which struggle to accommodate them, and it's worth stressing that competition for access to lands and water resources then leads to conflicts between different communities. We could look at Syria, for instance, between 2006 and 2010. Syria met with the worst drought in its history. 60% of agriculture in Syria was destroyed as a result of it, and agricultors lost up to 80% of their cattle, which led to the displacement of a million people thereabouts to towns, and then there were the Iraqi refugees who came in as well. Even though there are many different causes for the conflict in Syria at the current time, we know that climate change related issues have exacerbated the problem. Given the foreseeable nature of climate change phenomena over the course of the next few decades, we know that these phenomena will become increasingly common, and we need to face these challenges with pragmatism. Efficient management of temporary and permanent migration may be one strategy which will allow us to face up to these changes. Migrants, in particular, those who are of working age could make a positive contribution to these environmental issues. Droughts, for instance, can be anticipated. We know that these problems won't go away, and we're in a position to identify and to map out the hotspots where migration is concerned before these issues arise. If we work together then in managing lands and other natural resources efficiently, we know that this could help to reduce forced migration and bolster drought resilience and climate change resilience, while also ensuring the security of food supplies. The UN Convention on the Fight Against Desertification seeks to forge a certain neutrality where land degradation is concerned at the local, regional and even the national levels. This instrument seeks to protect existing lands and to combat degradation which has already occurred, and these are very important factors in discussions taking place around sustainable development, particularly goal number 15. It's 10 times cheaper to help communities to manage their lands, which are often their only productive asset, and to help them to ensure food security than it is to assist them in times of famine. It's much cheaper then to prevent than to resolve once crises have arisen. If communities are in a situation of security and their lands are productive, migrants stand a much better chance of staying at home or being able to return home. It's not just about the public sector, rather migrants in the private sector have a role to play. We know that 400, 500 billion dollars are sent around the world in remittances every year, and this is a massive source of investment in tourism, trade, accommodation and infrastructure. However, we know that these remittances often go to unproductive areas, and key areas are very much neglected by those remittances. So, we have instruments which seek to protect the interests of the diaspora in the management of lands. I'd like to reiterate now that land management is part of people's power of decision. They're often very difficult, even impossible choices to make, but we have to manage these pressures which are in existence. I believe that it's in all our interests to ensure that resilience, stability and security of vulnerable communities can be bolstered by managing lands in a sustainable manner. In partnership with the IOM, we'll seek the means to ensure that land resources are managed efficiently and to ensure that people have their rights over the lands in which they live, as well as ensuring that migrants are offered the necessary opportunities. The degradation of lands and migration have a massive impact on vast waves of humanity. So in our collaboration, we should ensure that the world faces up to this reality. In the post-2015 goals and the new climate agreement, sustainable land management should allow vulnerable populations to stay on their lands if they wish to do so. We need to ensure that these precious tools are used appropriately, and that's something which the birds would even envy of us. Thank you very much. That's a very clear message about the link.