Well, hello and welcome to Understand Men Now. I'm your host, Jonathan Asley of JonathanAsley.com, and I'm so excited to be shooting this short video for you today. Our topic, the five things or the five qualities all chivalrous men have in common. Real quickly, before I get started, this content resonates with you, and you feel like what I shared can help you in your life, please check out the links below, whether it's scheduling a one-on-one call with me or getting my free gift or checking out my book, What the Heck Is Self Love Anyway, please check out the links below. Okay, back to our topic, the five things all chivalrous men have in common. Now what's interesting is when I looked up the word chivalry in the dictionary, it relates to old England times of knighthood and some of the characteristic of chivalry represents courage, honor, and defending the weak, basically. So an element of chivalry has an element of taking care of the weak, and then to some extent, this represents the dating process in the sense of like opening a car door, maybe paying for dinner, doing things on some level because it represents a weakness, but that's not where I want to go today, and I don't even want to suggest that that's even true. Because women today are far more empowered than ever before, and while they don't need a man to open a car door, it's certainly a nice gesture. I like walking on the outside of the street. I personally like standing up when a woman walks in from, say, the restroom in a restaurant, and I'm sure you like those qualities as well. We look at those as gentlemanly qualities, but I want to go into a little bit deeper because in my world, chivalry is about emotional maturity. Let me repeat that. Chivalry is about emotional maturity. So in the dating realm, or certainly in the relationship realm, healthy relationships have a strong healthy dose of emotional maturity because when you see relationships that suffer or fail, it's because there's the person, whether it's a man or woman, has very weak emotional maturity, weak emotional skills, or what I really mean to say is relationship by Q are relationship skills, and that's a result of emotional maturity. So these five things that I just wanted to share with you starts off with the first one. What does a chivalrous man or emotionally mature have in common? First off, his actions match his words. His actions match his words. Much like in the book, the four agreements that talks about being impeccable with your word. If they say they're going to call, if they schedule a date, they keep the date. That's a sign of emotional maturity. And whether this is a man or woman, it's the same for both genders. Is your actions match your words? And while we are going to fail at times, is there a consistency? Does the consistent actions match the words that have been expressed? And while that's a little bit difficult to recognize in the early stages of dating, I just want you to be mindful of this and ask yourself, do your actions match your words? Okay, the second one is, does he take personal responsibility for his choices? And when I say he, this could be man or woman, okay? Do they take personal responsibility for their choices? Are they living in victim consciousness or victor consciousness? And what I mean to say is, we've all made choices in our lives. And oftentimes people choose to blame another person for their lot in life.  So I'm going to encourage you, ladies, from a dating perspective, is pay close attention to a man sharing his past experiences with respects to his last relationship or even his marriage. Does he take ownership in his part into the ending of the, I was going to say failure of the marriage, but I really mean the ending of the marriage. Or is it the other person's fault? The other person's fault. In other words, are they pointing the finger? Because what you're looking for is do they take ownership? And then if they point the finger, do they act like a literal victim from the experience? I know as a single man dating, I've talked to so many women who are literally putting all the blame on their ex-spouse for the problems in the relationship. And they take zero ownership, zero ownership on their part. And to me, that's a sign of emotional weakness or immaturity, I should say. Now that's not to say that the other person might not have been culpable in the ending of the relationship, but you have to take ownership for your part. And whether it's you or the man you're dating is listen to their languaging.   I take ownership for my part in the ending of the relationship. And they had their certain culpabilities as well, okay? So that was number two. Number three, do they fight fair? Do they fight fair? And what I really mean here is do they have good conflict resolution skills? Good conflict resolution skills? The reality is, is men and women or boys and boys, girls and girls, you're going to rub each other the wrong way at times. And in relationship, you can certainly rub each other the wrong way a lot. So do you have the ability to fight fair? In other words, are you going to listen to the other person's point of view? And are you going to listen and accept their point of view while maybe sharing your point of view and asking that they listened to your point of view? And while you can maybe agree to disagree, a chivalrous person or emotionally mature person is able to step in and to listen and accept another person's point of view. Now, fighting fair also means treating a conflict in the context of, it's a conversation and not a confrontation. It's a conversation, not a confrontation. So if it's confrontational, it's most likely going to be problematic. And so oftentimes people that don't know how to fight fair, it's because they would rather be right than to be happy. Let me repeat that, they'd rather be right than to be happy. So an emotionally mature person would much rather be happy. And they will approach a conflict in that way. The fourth one is empathy. This is basically being able to feel someone else's feelings care about another person's feelings in relationship. And sadly, both men and women struggle in the area of actually caring about their partner's feelings. And we can even go as far as to say men have been suppressed in their feelings since they were young boys. We were taught to stuff our feelings. And a true chivalrous man or an emotionally mature man is able to appreciate and feel someone else's feelings or at least care about another person's feelings and to suggest it matters, okay? And the fifth sign, or the fifth thing of all chivalrous men have in common is transparency. Basically, when you ask them a question, they're not trying to deflect it. They're not trying to avoid it. They're not turning it around and making it your fault for even asking the question. Certainly, we see this in narcissistic behavior where they gaslight and they turn things around. And I'm here to say an emotionally mature person or a chivalrous person is going to lean into any questions. Now, they might need to take a little bit of time if you're asking something that they're not prepared to answer. So we might all need to take a little bit of space. But they're not going to avoid questions because transparency is a sign of emotional maturity. And certainly, this is respective in the sense of romantic relationships. So I just covered the five things that all chivalrous men have in common. I'd like to hear your thoughts on this. Please post a comment below if this resonate with you. If you have something to say, please share your thoughts. I wanna hear what you're thinking about this. Also, as I said before, if you'd like to connect with me directly and you'd like that personal touch, check out the link to schedule a call with me, check out my free gift, check out my book or check out my membership, Midlife Love Mastery. Okay, I'm gonna sign off this video as I always do, giving you a big gigantic job than bear hug if I have your consent. Thank you, wishing you a wonderful day. Thanks so much, bye bye now.


Chapter 7 Part 2 of The Swiss Family Robinson. Next morning all our sadness was dispelled, and it was with pleasure that we saw the shore lined with a rich store of planks and beams, the remnants of the wreck. I soon found to the copper cauldron which was successfully floated by the casks. This I got on shore, and hauling it up among the rocks, stored it under the powder casks we had landed the day before.  She had discovered that two ducks and a goose had each reared a large family among the reeds by the river, and they presently appeared waddling past us, apparently vastly well pleased with their performance. We greeted them joyfully. Hurrah! cried Ernest! We'll be able to afford duck and green peas some day soon, and imagine we are once more civilized mortals. The sight of these birds reminded me of our family at Falconhurst, and I announced my intention of paying them a visit. Everyone was delighted, and everyone would come with me. As we approached Falconhurst I noticed that several young trees in our avenue were considerably bent by the wind, and this resolved me to make an expedition next day to cut bamboos for their support. As Fritz was the only one besides myself who had visited Cape Disappointment and the surrounding country, my wife and the younger boys begged hard to be allowed to accompany me. I consented, and next morning we started, bringing with us the cart drawn by the cow and ass, and laden with everything necessary for an expedition of several days, a tent, provisions, a large supply of ammunitions, and all sorts of implements and utensils, for I intended to make a great collection of fruits and the produce of different trees. It was a lovely morning, and passing gaily through the plantations of potatoes, manioc and cassavas, we came to the nests of the sociable Grospeak, the site of which charmed the children immensely. We reached the wax-trees, and there I called a halt, for I wished to gather a sack or two of the berries that we might renew our stock of candles. The berries were soon plucked, and I stored them away among the bushes, marking the spot that we might find them on our return. Now for the couch-choke-trees, said I, now for the waterproof boots and leggings to keep your feet dry, Ernest. To the couch-choke-tree we directed our steps, and were soon busily engaged in stabbing the bark and placing vessels beneath to catch the sap. We again moved forward, and, crossing the palm wood, entered upon a delightful plain, bounded on one side by an extensive field of waving sugarcane, on the other by a thicket of bamboo's and lovely palms, while in front stretched the shining sea, calm and noiseless. How beautiful, exclaimed Jack, let us pitch our tent here, and stay here always instead of living at Falconhurst. It would be jolly. Very likely, replied I, and so would be the attacks of wild beasts. Imagine a great tiger lying in wait in the thicket yonder, and pouncing out on us at night. No, no, thank you, I much prefer our nest in the tree, or our impregnable position at tent-home. We must make this our headquarters for the present, however, for, though perhaps dangerous, it is the most convenient spot we shall find. Call a halt, and pitch the tent. Our beasts were quickly unyoked. The tent arranged, a large fire lit, supper started, and we dispersed in various directions, some to cut bamboo's, and some to collect sugarcane. We then returned, and as supper was still not ready, and the boys were hungry, they decided to obtain some coconuts. This time, however, no assistance was to be had from either monkeys or land-crabs, and they gazed up with longing eyes at the fruit above them. We can climb, said Fritz, up with you boys. Jack and he each rushed at one of the smooth, slippery trunks, right vigorously they struggled upward, but to no purpose. Before they had accomplished one quarter of the distance they found themselves slipping rapidly to the ground. Here, you young athletes, cried I, I foresaw this difficulty, and have provided for it. So saying I held up buskins of shark-skin, which I had previously prepared, and which I now bound on to their legs. Thus equipped they again attempted the ascent, and with a loop of rope passed round their body and the trunk of the tree quickly reached the summit. My wife joined me, and together we watched the boys as they ascended tree after tree, throwing down the best fruit from each. They then returned, and jestingly begged Ernest to produce the result of his labour. The professor had been lying on the grass gazing at the palms, but on this sarcastic remark he sprang to his feet. Willingly he exclaimed, and seizing a pair of buskins he quickly dawned them. Give me a coconut shell, said he. I gave him one, and he put it in his pocket. He ran to a tree, and, with an agility which surprised us all, quickly reached the top. No sooner had he done so than Fritz and Jack burst into a roar of laughter. He had swarmed a tree which bore no nuts. Ernest apparently heard them, for, as it seemed in a fit of anger, he drew his knife, and severed the leafy crest which fell to the ground. I glanced up at him, surprised at such a display of temper, but a bright smile greeted me, and in a merry tone he shouted, Jack, pick that pollen cabbage up and take it to your father. That is only half my contribution, and it is worth all your nuts put together. He spoke truly. The cabbage palm is rare, and the tuft of leaves at its summit is greatly prized by the South Americans for its great delicacy and highly nutritive qualities. Bravo, I cried, you have retrieved your character. Come down and receive the thanks of the company. What are you waiting up there for? I am coming presently, he replied, with the second half of my contribution. I hope it will be as fully appreciated as the first. In a short time he slipped down the tree, and, advancing to his mother, presented her with the nut shell he had taken up with him. Here, he said, is a wine which the greatest connoisseur would prize. Taste it, mother. The shell was filled with a clear, rosy liquor, bright and sparkling. My wife tasted it. Excellent, excellent, she exclaimed. You are very good health, my dear boy. We drank the rosy wine in turn, and Ernest received hearty thanks from all. It was getting late, and while we were enjoying our supper before our tent, our donkey, who had been quietly browsing near us, suddenly set up a loud bray, and without the least apparent cause, pricked up his ears, threw up his heels, and galloped off into the thicket of bamboo's. We followed for a short distance, and I sent the dogs in chase, but they returned without our friend, and, as it was late, we were obliged to abandon the chase. I was annoyed by this incident, and even alarmed, for not only had we lost the ass, but I knew not what had occasioned his sudden flight. I knew not whether he was aware by instinct of the approach of some fierce wild beast. I said nothing of this to my family, but, making up an unusually large fire, I bad them sleep with their arms by their sides, and we all lay down. A bright morning awoke us early, and I rose and looked out, thinking that perhaps our poor donkey might have been attracted by the light of the fires, and had returned. Alas! not a sign of him was to be seen. As we could not afford to lose so valuable a beast, I determined to leave no attempt untried to regain him. We hurriedly breakfasted, and, as I required the dogs to assist me in the search, I left my elder sons to protect their mother, and Bad Jack get ready for a day's march. This arrangement delighted him, and we quickly set out. For an hour or more we trudged onward, directed by the print of the ass's hoofs. Sometimes we lost the track for a while, and then again discovered it as we reached softer soil. Finally this guide failed us altogether, for the donkey seemed to have joined in with a herd of some larger animals, with whose hoof prints his had mingled. I now almost turned back in despair, but Jack urged me to continue the search. For, said he, if we once get upon a hill we shall see such a large herd, as this must be, at almost any distance. Do let us go on, father. I consented, and we again pushed forward, through bushes and over torrents, sometimes cutting our way with an axe, and sometimes plunging knee-deep through a swamp. We at length reached the border of a wide plain, and on it, in the distance, I could see a herd of animals browsing on the rich grass. It struck me that it might be the very herd to which our good donkey had joined himself, and, wishing to ascertain whether this was so, I resolved to make a detour through a bamboo marsh, and get as near as possible to the animals without disturbing them. The bamboos were huge, many of them over thirty feet in height, and as we made our way through them I remembered an account of the giant cane of South America, which is greatly prized by the Indians on account of its extreme usefulness. The reeds themselves make masts for their canoes, while each joint will form a cask or box. I was delighted, for I had little doubt that the bamboos we were among were of the same species. I explained this to Jack, and as we discussed the possibility of cutting one down and carrying a portion of it home, we reached the border of the marsh, and emerged upon the plain. There we suddenly found ourselves face to face with the herd which we sought, a herd of buffaloes. They looked up, and stared at us inquisitively, but without moving. Jack would have fired, but I checked him. Back to the thicket, I said, and keep back the dogs. We began to retreat, but before we were again under cover the dogs joined us, and, in spite of our shouts and efforts to restrain them, they dashed forward and seized a buffalo calf. This was a signal to the whole herd to attack us. They bellowed loudly, pod the ground, and tore it up with their horns, and then dashed madly toward us. We had not time to step behind a rock before the leader was upon us. So close was he that my gun was useless. I drew a pistol and fired. He fell dead at my feet. His fall checked the advance of the rest. They halted, snuffed the air, turned tail, and galloped off across the plain. They were gone, but the dogs still held gallantly to the calf. They dragged and tussled with him, but with their utmost efforts they could not bring him to the ground. How to assist them without shooting the poor beast I knew not, and this I was unwilling to do, for I hoped that, if we could but capture him alive, we might in time manage to tame him and use him as a beast of burden. His clever little head, however, suddenly devised a plan for their aid, and with his usual promptitude he at once put it into execution. He unwound the lasso which was coiled round his body, and as the young bull flung up his heels he cast it, and caught him by his hind legs. The noose drew tight, and in a twinkling the beast was upon the ground. We fastened the other end of the cord roundest out bamboo, called off the dogs, and the animal was at our mercy. "'Now we have got him,' said Jack, as he looked at the poor beast lying panting on the ground. "'What are we to do with him?' "'I will show you,' said I, "'help me to fasten his forelegs together, and you shall see the next operation.' The bull, thus secured, could not move, and while Jack held his head I drew my knife, and pierced the cartilage of his nose, and when the blood flowed less freely passed a stout cord through the hole. I felt some repugnance at thus painting the animal, but it was a case of necessity, and I could not hesitate. We united the ends of the cord, freed the animal, set him upon his legs, and, subdued and overawed, he followed us without resistance. I now turned my attention to the dead buffalo, but as I could not then skin it, I contented myself with cutting off the most delicate parts, its tongue, and a couple of stakes, and packing them in salt in my wallet, abandoned the rest to the dogs. They fell upon it greedily, and we retired under the shade to enjoy a meal after our hard work. The dogs, however, were not to have undisputed possession of the carcass. Vultures, crows, and other birds of prey, with that marvellous instinct which always leads them to a dead body, quickly filled the air, and, with discordant cries, swooped down upon the buffalo. An amusing contest ensued. The dogs, again and again, drove off the intruders, and they, as often, returned reinforced by others who swarmed to the spot. Jack, with his usual impetuosity, wished to send a shot in among the rubber band, but I prevented him, for I knew that the bird or two he might kill would be of no use to us, while his shot would not drive away the rest, even had we wished it. Both he and the dogs were at length satisfied, and as it was getting late I determined to give up for the present the search for the ass, and to return to our camp. We again made our way through the bamboos, but before we left the thicket I cut down one of the smallest of the reeds, the largest of whose joints would form capital little barrels, while those near the tapering top would serve as moulds for our next patch of candles. The buffalo, with a dog on either side and the rope through his nose, was following us passively, and we presently induced him to submit to a package of our goods laid upon his back. We pushed rapidly forward, Jack eager to display our latest acquisition. As we re-passed the rocky bed of a stream we had crossed in the morning, Juno dashed ahead, and was about to rush into a cleft between the rocks, when the appearance of a large jackal suddenly checked her further progress. Both dogs instantly flew at the animal, and though she fought desperately, quickly overpowered and throttled her. From the way the beast had shown fight I concluded that her young must be close by, probably within the very cleft Juno was about to enter. Directly Jack heard this he wished to creep in and bring out the young jackals. I hesitated to allow him to do so, for I thought it possible that the male jackal might be still lying in wait within the cave. We peered into the darkness, and after a while Jack declared he could discern the little yellow jackals, and that he was quite sure the old one was not there. He then crept in, followed closely by the dogs, and presently emerged, bearing in his arms a handsome cub, of a beautiful golden yellow, and about the size of a small cap. He was the only one of the brood he had managed to save, for Turk and Juno, without pity for their youth or beauty, had worried all the rest. I did not much regret this, however, for I firmly believed that, had he saved them, Jack would have insisted upon bringing up the whole litter. As it was, I considered that one jackal was, with our young bull, quite sufficient in addition to our livestock. During the halt we had made I had fastened the buffalo to a small tree, and as I was now again about to move on I recognized it as the dwarf palm, whose long sharp leaves form an excellent barrier if it is planted as a hedge. I determined to return and get some young plants to strengthen our hedge at Tentholme. It was late before we reached our camp, where we found our family anxiously awaiting our return. The sight of the new animals delighted the children immensely, and in their opinion amply compensated for the loss of our poor donkey. Jack had to answer a host of questions concerning their capture, and to give a minute account of the affray with the buffaloes, this he did, with graphic power certainly, but with so much boasting and self-glorification that I was obliged to check him, and give a plain and unvarnished account of the affair. Suppertime arrived, and as we sat at that meal, for which Jack and I were heartily thankful, my wife and her party proceeded to give an account of their day's work. Ernest had discovered a seago palm, and had, after much labour, contrived to fell it. France and his mother had collected dry wood, of which a huge heap now stood before the Tenth, sufficient to keep up a fire all the rest of the time we should stay on the spot. Fritz had gone off shooting, and had secured a good bag. While they had been thus variously employed, a troop of apes had visited the Tenth, and when they returned, they found the place ransacked, and turned upside down. The provisions were eaten and gnawed, the potatoes thrown about, the milk drunk and spilt, every box had been peeped into, every pot and pan had been divested of its lid, the palisade round the hut had been partly destroyed, nothing had been left untouched. Industriously had the boys worked to repair the damage, and when we returned not a sign was to be seen of the disorder. No one would have guessed what had occurred from the delicious supper we were eating. After matters had been again arranged, Fritz had gone down to the shore, and among the rocks at Cape Disappointment had discovered a young eaglet, which Ernest declared to be a Malabar or Indian eagle. He was much pleased with his discovery, and I recommended him to bring the bird up, and try to train it to hunt, as a falcon. Look here, though, boys, said I.  Each must look after his own, and if I find one neglected, whether beast or bird, I set it at liberty. Mark that, and remember it. My wife looked greatly relieved at this announcement, and the boys promised to obey my directions. Before we retired for the night, I prepared the buffalo meat I had brought. I lit a large fire of green wood, and in the smoke of this thoroughly dried both the tongue and stakes. We then properly secured all the animals. Jack took his little pet in his arms, and we lay down, and were soon fast asleep. At daybreak we were on foot, and began to prepare for a return to Falconhurst. You are not going to despise my sego, I hope, said Ernest. You have no idea what a trouble it was to cut it down, and I have been thinking, too, that if we could but split the tree, we might make a couple of long, useful troughs, which might, I think, be made to carry water from Jackal River to the tent-home. Is my plan worth consideration? Indeed it is, I replied, and at all events we must not abandon such a valuable prize as a sego-palm. I would put off our departure for a day rather than leave it behind. We went to the palm, and with the tools we had with us attempted to split the trunk. We first saw it off the upper end, and then with an axe and saw managed to insert a wedge. This accomplished our task was less difficult, for with a heavy mallet we forced the wedge in further and further, until at length the trunk was split in twain. From one half of the trunk we then removed the pith, disengaging it with difficulty from the tough wood fibres. At each end, however, I left a portion of the pith untouched, thus forming a trough in which to work the sego. Now, boys, said I, when we had removed the pith from the other half of the trunk, off with your coats and turn up your shirtsleeves, I am going to teach you to knead. They were all delighted, and even little friends begged to be allowed to help. Ernest brought a couple of pictures of water, and throwing it in amongst the pith we set to work quite heartily. As the dough was formed and properly kneaded I handed it to the mother, who spread it out on a cloth in the sun to dry. This new occupation kept us busy until the evening, and when it was at length completed we loaded the cart with the sego, a store of coconuts, and our other possessions, that we might be ready to start early on the following morning. As the sun rose above the horizon we packed up our tent and set forth a goodly caravan. I thought it unfair to the cow to make her drag such a load as we now had alone, and to determine if possible to make the young buffalo take the place of our lost donkey. After some persuasion he consented, and soon put his strength to the work, and brought the cart along famously. As we had the trough slung under the cart we had to choose the clearest possible route, avoiding anything like a thicket. We therefore could not pass directly by the candleberry and couch oak trees, and I sent Ernest and Jack aside to visit the store we had made on our outward journey. They had not long been gone when I was alarmed by a most terrible noise, accompanied by the furious barking of the dogs and shouts from Jack and Ernest. Thinking that the boys had been attacked by some wild beasts, I ran to their assistance. A most ludicrous scene awaited me when I reached the spot. They were dancing and shouting round and round a grassy glade, and I, as nearly as possible, followed their example for in the centre, surrounded by a promising litter, lay our old sow, whose squeals previously so alarming, were now subsiding into comfortable grunts of recognition. I did not join my boys in their triumphal dance, but I was nevertheless very much pleased at the sight of the flourishing family, and immediately returned to the cart to obtain biscuits and potatoes for the benefit of the happy mother. Jack and Ernest, meanwhile, pushed further on and brought back the sack of candleberries and the couch-choke, and as we could not then take the sow with us, we left her alone with her family, and proceeded to falcon-hurst. The animals were delighted to see us back again, and received us with manifestations of joy, but looked a scans at the new pets. The eagle especially came in for shy glances, and promised to be no favourite. Fritz, however, determined that his pet should at present do no harm, secured him by the leg to a root of a fig tree, and uncovered his eyes. In a moment the aspect of the bird was changed. With his sight returned all his savage instincts. He flapped his wings, raised his head, darted to the full length of his chain, and before anyone could prevent him, seized the unfortunate parrot, which stood near, and tore it to pieces. Fritz's anger rose at the sight, and he was about to put an end to the savage bird. Stop, said Ernest.  He is but following his natural instincts. Give him to me, and I will tame him. Fritz hesitated. No, no, he said.  Tell me how to tame him, and you shall have master Knips. Very well, replied Ernest. I will tell you my plan, and if it succeeds, I will accept Knips as a mark of your gratitude. Take a pipe and tobacco, and send the smoke all around his head, so that he must inhale it. By degrees he will become stupefied, and his savage nature from that moment subdued. Fritz was rather inclined to ridicule the plan, but, knowing that Ernest generally had a good reason for anything of the sort that he proposed, he consented to make the attempt. He soon seated himself beneath the bird, who still struggled furiously, and puffed cloud after cloud upward, and as each cloud circled round the eagle's head, he became quieter and quieter, until he sat quite still, gazing stupidly at the young smoker. Capital cried Fritz, as he hooded the bird. Capital, Ernest, Knips is yours. And of Chapter 7, Part 2, read by Kara Schellenberg on July 17, 2009, in San Diego, California. Chapter 8 of The Swiss Family Robinson This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. The Swiss Family Robinson by Johann R. Wies, Chapter 8 Next morning the boys and I started with the cart, laden with our bundles of bamboos, to attend to the avenue of fruit trees. The buffalo we left behind, for his services were not needed, and I wished the wound in his nostrils to become completely cicatrized before I again put him to work. We were not a moment too soon. Many of the young trees, which before threatened to fall, had now fulfilled their promise, and were lying prostrate on the ground. Others were bent, some few only remained erect. We raised the trees, and digging deeply at their roots, drove in stout bamboo props, to which we lashed them firmly with strong, broad fibers. Papa said front, as we were thus engaged, and he handed me the fibers as I required them. Are these wild or tame trees? Oh, these are wild trees, most ferocious trees, laughed Jack. And we are tying them up lest they should run away, and in a little while we will untie them, and they will trot about after us, and give us fruit wherever we go. Oh, we will tame them. They shall have a ring through their noses like the buffalo. That's not true, replied Franz gravely. But there are wild and tame trees. The wild ones grow out in the woods, like the crab apples, and the tame ones in the garden, like the pears and peaches at home. Which are these, Papa? They are not wild, I replied, but grafted, or cultivated, or, as you call them, tame trees. No European tree bears good fruit until it is grafted. I saw a puzzled look come over the little boy's face as he heard this new word, and I hastened to explain it. Grafting, I continued, is the process of inserting a slip or twig of a tree into what is called an eye, that is, a knot or hole in the branch of another. This twig or slip then grows and produces not such fruit as the original stock would have borne, but such as the tree from which it was taken would have produced. Thus, if we have a sour crab tree and an apple tree bearing fine ribs and pippins, we would take a slip of the latter, insert it in an eye of the former, and in a year or two the branch, which would then grow, would be laden with good apples. But, asked Ernest, where did the slips of good fruit trees come from, if none grow without grafting? From foreign countries, I replied, it is only in the cold climate of our part of the world that they require this grafting. In many parts of the world, in more southern latitudes than ours, the most luscious fruit trees are indigenous to the soil, and flourish and bear sweet, wholesome fruit, without the slightest care or attention being bestowed upon them. While in England and Germany and even in France, these same trees require the utmost exertion of horticultural skill, to make them bring forth any fruit whatever. Thus, when the Romans invaded England, they found nothing in the way of fruit trees but the crab apple, nutbushes, and bramblebushes. But by grafting on these fine apples, filberts, and raspberries were produced, and it was the same in our own dear Switzerland. All our fruit trees were imported. Were cherries, father? May we not even call cherries, Swiss? I always thought they grew nowhere else. I am afraid we cannot even claim cherries as our own, not even the name of them. They are called cherries from Saracis, a state of Pontus in Asia, once they were brought to Europe by Lucullus, a Roman general, about seventy years before Christ. Hazelnuts also came from Pontus. Walnuts again came originally from Persia. As for grapes, they are of the greatest antiquity. We hear, if you remember, of Noah cultivating vines, and they have been brought from one place to another until they now are to be found in most parts of the civilized world. Do you think all these trees will grow? asked Fritz, as we crossed Jackal River, and entered our plantation at Tentholm. Here are lemons, pomegranates, pistachio nuts, and mulberries. I have little doubt of it, I replied. We are evidently within the tropics, where such trees as these are sure to flourish. These pines now come from France, Spain, and Italy. The olives from Armenia and Palestine, the figs originally from the island of Chios, the peaches and apricots from Persia, plums from Damascus in Syria, and the pears of all sorts from Greece. However, if our countries have not been blessed in the same way with fruit, we have been given wisdom and skill, which has enabled us to import and cultivate the trees of other lands. We thus talked and worked until every tree that required treatment was provided with a stout bamboo prop, and then, with appetites which a gourmand might well have envied, we returned to Falconhurst. I think the good mother was almost alarmed at the way we fell upon the corned beef and palm cabbage she set before us, but at length these good things produced the desired effect, and one after another declared himself satisfied. As we sat reclining after our labour and digesting our dinner, we discussed the various projects we had in contemplation. I wish, said my wife, that you would invent some other plan for climbing to the nest above us. I think that the nest itself is perfect, I really wish for nothing better, but I should like to be able to get to it without scaling that dreadful ladder every time. Could you not make a flight of steps to reach it? I carefully thought over the project and turned over every plan for its accomplishment. It would be impossible, I am afraid, said I, to make stairs outside, but within the trunk it might be done. More than once have I thought that this trunk might be hollow, or partly so, and if such be the case our task would be comparatively easy. Did you not tell me the other day that you noticed bees coming from a hole in the tree? Oh yes, said little friends, and I went to look at them, and one flew right against my face and stung me, and I almost cried, but I didn't. Brave little boy, said I, well now, if the trunk be sufficiently hollow to contain a swarm of bees, it may be, for all we can tell, hollow the greater part of its length, for like the willow in our own country, it might draw all its nourishment through the bark, and in spite of its real unsoundness retain a flourishing appearance. Master Jack, practical as usual, instantly sprang to his feet to put my conjecture to the proof. The rest followed his example, and they were all soon climbing about like squirrels, peeping into the hole, and tapping the wood to discover by sound how far down the cavity extended. They forgot, in their eagerness, who were the tenants of this interesting trunk. They were soon reminded of it, however, for the bees, disturbed by this unusual noise, with an angry buzz burst out, and in an instant attacked the causers of the annoyance. They swarmed round them, stung them on the hands, face, and neck, settled in their hair, and pursued them as they ran to me for assistance. It was with difficulty that we got rid of the angry insects and were able to attend to the boys. Jack, who had been the first to reach the hole, had fared the worst, and was soon a most pitiable sight, his face swelled to an extraordinary degree, and it was only by the constant application of cold earth that the pain was alleviated. They were all eager to commence an organized attack upon the bees at once, but for an hour or more, by reason of their pain, they were unable to render me much assistance. In the meanwhile I made my arrangements. I first took a large Calabash gourd, for I intended to make a beehive, that, when we had driven the insects from their present abode, we might not lose them entirely. The lower half of the gourd I flattened. I then cut an arched opening in the front for our doorway, made a straw roof as a protection from the rain at heat, and the little house was complete. Nothing more, however, could then be done, for the irritated bees were still angrily buzzing round the tree. I waited till dark, and then, when all the bees had again returned to their trunk, with Fritz's assistance I carefully stopped up every hole in the tree with wet clay, that the bees might not issue forth next morning before we could begin operations. Very early we were up and at work. I first took a hollow cane, and inserted one end through the clay into the tree. Down this tube with pipe and tobacco I smoked most furiously. The humming and buzzing that went on within was tremendous. The bees evidently could not understand what was going to happen. I finished my first pipeful, and, putting my thumb over the end of the cane, I gave the pipe to Fritz to refill. He did so, and I again smoked. The buzzing was now becoming less noisy, and was subsiding into a mere murmur. By the time I had finished this second pipe all was still. The bees were stupefied. Now then Fritz, said I, quick, with a hammer and chisel, and stand here beside me. He was up in a moment, and together we cut a small door by the side of the hole. This door, however, we did not take out, but we left it attached by one corner that it might be removed at a moment's notice. Then, giving the bees a final dose of tobacco smoke, we opened it. Carefully, but rapidly, we removed the insects, as they clung in clusters to the sides of the tree, and placed them in the hive prepared for their reception. As rapidly I then took every atom of wax and honey from their storehouse, and put it in a cask I had made ready for the purpose. The bees were now safely removed from the trunk, but I could not tell whether, when they revived from their temporary stupor, they might not refuse to occupy the house with which I had presented them, and insist on returning to their old quarters. To prevent the possibility of this occurrence, I took a quantity of tobacco, and placing it upon a board nailed horizontally within the trunk, I lighted it, and allowed it to burn slowly that the fumes might fill the cavity. It was well I did so, for, as the bees returned to consciousness, they left their pretty hive, and buzzed away to the trunk of the tree. They seemed astonished at finding this uninhabitable, and an immense deal of noisy humming ensued. Round and round they flew, backward and forward between the gourd and tree, now settling here, and now there, until at length, after due consideration, they took possession of the hive, and abandoned their former habitation to us, the invaders of their territory. By the evening they were quiet, and we ventured to open the cask in which we had stored our plunder. We first separated the honey from the honeycomb, and poured it off into jars and pots. The rest we then took and threw into a vessel of water placed over a slow fire. It soon boiled, and the entire mass became fluid. This we placed in a clean canvas bag, and subjected to a heavy pressure. The honey was thus soon forced out, and we stored it in a cask, and, though not perhaps quite equal to the former batch in quality, it was yet capital. The wax that remained in the bag I also carefully stored, for I knew it would be of great use to me in the manufacture of candles. Then, after a hard day's work, we turned in. The internal architecture of the tree had now to be attended to, and early the following morning we prepared for the laborious task. A door had first to be made, so at the base of the trunk we cut away the bark, and formed an opening just the size of the door we had brought from the captain's cabin, and which, hinges and all, was ready to be hung. The clearing of the rotten wood from the center of the trunk occupied us some time, but at length we had the satisfaction of seeing it entirely accomplished, and, as we stood below, we could look up the trunk, which was like great smooth funnel, and see the sky above. It was now ready for the staircase, and first we erected in the center a stout sapling to form an axis round which to build the spiral stairs. In this we cut notches to receive the steps, and corresponding notches in the tree itself to support the outer ends. The steps themselves we formed carefully and neatly of planks from the wreck, and clenched them firmly in their places with stout nails. Upward and upward we built, cutting windows in the trunk as we required to admit light and air, until we were flush with the top of the center pole. On this pole we erected another to reach the top of the tree, and, securing it firmly, built in the same way round it until we at length reached the level of the floor of the nest above. To make the ascent of the stairs perfectly easy, we ran a handrail on either side, one round the center pillar, and the other following the curve of the trunk. This task occupied us a whole month, but by the end of that period, so accustomed had we become to having a definite piece of work before us, that we began to consider what other great alteration we should undertake. We were, however, of course, not neglecting the details of our colonial establishment. There were all the animals to be attended to, the goats and sheep had both presented us with additions to our flock, and these frisky youngsters had to be seen after. To prevent them straying to any great distance, for we had no wish to lose them, we tied round their next little bells, which we had found on board the wreck, and which would assist us to track them. Juno, too, had a fine litter of puppies, but, in spite of the entries of the children, I could not consent to keep more than two, and the rest disappeared in that mysterious way in which puppies and kittens are want to leave the earth. To console the mother, as he said, but also I suspect to save himself considerable trouble, Jack placed his little jackal beside the remaining puppies and, to his joy, found it readily adopted. The other pets were also flourishing, and were being usefully trained. The buffalo, after giving us much trouble, had now become perfectly domesticated, and was a very useful beast of burden, besides being a capital steed for the boys. They guided him by a bar thrust through the hole in his nose, which was now perfectly healed, and this served the purpose just as a bit in the mouth of a horse. I began his education by securing round him a broad girth of buffalo hide, and fastening to it various articles, to accustom him to carrying a burden.  I then made master knips sit upon his back and hold the reins I had prepared for him, that the animal might become accustomed to the feeling of a rider, and finally allowed Fritz himself to mount. The education of the eagle was not neglected. Fritz every day shot small birds for his food, and these he placed, sometimes between the wide-spreading horns of the buffalo or goat, and sometimes upon the back of the great bustard, that he might become accustomed to pounce upon living prey. These lessons had their due effect, and the bird, having been taught to obey the voice and whistle of his master, he was soon allowed to bring down small birds upon the wing, when he stooped and struck his quarry in most sportsman-like manner. We kept him well away from the poultry-yard, lest his natural instincts should show themselves, and he should put an untimely end to some of our feathered pets. Neither was master knips allowed to remain idle, for Ernest, now that he was in his possession, wished to train him to be of some use. With Jack's help he made a little basket of rushes, which he so arranged with straps that it might be easily fitted on to the monkey's back. Thus equipped he was taught to mount coconut palms and other lofty trees, and to bring down their fruit in the hamper. Jack was not so successful in his educational attempts. Fangs, as he had christened his jackal, used his fangs indeed, but only on his own account. Nothing could persuade him that the animals he caught were not at once to be devoured. Consequently poor Jack was never able to save from his jaws anything but the tattered skin of his prey. Not disheartened, however, he determined that Fangs could be trained, and that he would train him. These, and such like employment, afforded us the rest and recreation we required, while engaged in the laborious task of staircase-building. Among minor occupations I applied myself to the improvement of our candles. Though the former batch had greatly delighted us at first, yet we were soon obliged to acknowledge that the light they gave was imperfect, and their appearance was unsightly. My wife, too, begged me to find some substitute for the threads of our cotton neckties, which I had previously used as wicks. To give the proper shape and smoothness to the candles, I determined to use the bamboo moulds I had prepared. My first idea was to pour the wax in at the end of the mould, and then, when the candles were cooled, to slip them out, but I was soon convinced that this plan would not succeed. I therefore determined to divide the moulds lengthways, and then, having greased them well, we might pour the melted wax into the two halves bound tightly together, and so be able to take out the candles when cool without injuring them. The wicks were my next difficulty. And as the mother positively refused to allow us to devote our ties and handkerchiefs for the purpose, I took a piece of inflammable wood from a tree, a native of the Antilles, which I thought would serve our purpose. This I cut into long slips, and fixed in the centres of the moulds. My wife, too, prepared some wicks from the fibres of the Carata tree, which she declared would beat mine completely out of the field. We put them to the proof. We put them to the proof. On a large fire we placed a pot, in which we prepared our wax mixture, half beeswax, and half wax from the candle-berries. The moulds, carefully prepared, half with Carata fibre, and half with wooden splint wicks, stood on their ends in a tub of cold water, ready to receive the wax. They were filled, the wax cooled, the candles taken out, and subjected to the criticism of all hands. When night drew on they were formally tested. The decision was unanimous. Neither gave such a good light as those with the cotton wicks, but even my wife declared that the light from mine was far preferable to that emitted by hers, for the former, though rather flaring, burned brilliantly, while the latter gave out such a feeble and flickering flame that it was almost useless. I then turned shoemaker, for I had promised myself a pair of waterproof boots, and now I determined to make them. Taking a pair of socks, I filled them with sand, and then coated them over with a thin layer of clay, to form a convenient mould. This was soon hardened in the sun, and was ready for use. Layer after layer of couch-out guy brushed over it, allowing each layer to dry before the next was put on, until at length I considered that the shoes were of sufficient thickness. I dried them, broke out the clay, secured with nails a strip of buffalo hide to the soles, brushed that over with couch-out, and I had a pair of comfortable, durable, respectable-looking, waterproof boots. I was delighted. Orders poured in from all sides, and soon every one in the family was likewise provided for. One objection to Falconhurst was the absence of any spring close by, so that the boys were obliged to bring water daily from the stream, and this involving no little trouble, it was proposed that we should carry the water by pipes from the stream to our present residence. A dam had to be thrown across the river some way upstream, that the water might be raised to a sufficient height to run to Falconhurst. From the reservoir thus made, we left the dam, the reservoir thus made, we led the water down by pipes into the turtle's shell, which we placed near our dwelling, and from which the superfluous water flowed off through the hole made in it by Fritz's harpoon. This was an immense convenience, and we formally inaugurated the trough by washing therein a whole sack of potatoes. Thus day after day brought its own work, and day after day saw that work completed. We had no time to be idle or to lament our separation from our fellow creatures. One morning as we were completing our spiral staircase, and giving it such finish as we were capable of, we were suddenly alarmed by hearing a most terrific noise, the roaring or bellowing of a wild beast, so strange a sound was it that I could not imagine by what animal it was uttered. Jack thought it perhaps a lion, Fritz hazarded a gorilla, while Ernest gave his opinion, and I thought it possible that he was right, that it was a hyena. Whatever it is said I, we must prepare to receive it, up with you all to the nest, while I secure the door. Then, arming the dogs with their collars, I sent them out to protect the animals below, closed the door, and joined my family. Every gun was loaded, every eye was upon the watch. The sound drew nearer, and then all was still. Nothing was to be seen.  Noiselessly and quickly we pushed on further and further. Suddenly close by we heard the terrific sound again. Fritz raised his gun, but almost as quickly again dropped it, and burst into a hearty fit of laughter. There was no mistaking those dulcet tones. Hee-haw, hee-haw, hee-haw, resounded through the forest and our ass, braying his approach right merrily, appeared in sight. To our surprise, however, our friend was not alone.  We watched their movements anxiously. Fritz, I whispered, that is an onigger, creep back to Falconhurst and bring me a piece of cord, quietly now. While he was gone I cut a bamboo, and split it half way down to form a pair of pinchers, which I knew would be of use to me should I get near the animal. Fritz soon returned with the cord, and I was glad to observe also brought some oats and salt. We made one end of the cord fast to a tree, and at the other end made a running noose. Silently we watched the animals as they approached, quietly browsing. Fritz then arose, holding in one hand the noose, and in the other some oats and salt. The ass, seeing his favourite food thus held out, advanced to take it. Fritz allowed him to do so, and he was soon munching contentedly. The stranger on seeing Fritz started back, but finding her companion show no signs of alarm was reassured, and soon approached sniffing, and was about to take some of the tempting food. In a moment the noose left Fritz's adroit hand, and fell round her neck. With a single bound she sprang backward the full length of the cord, the noose drew tight, and she fell to the earth half strangled. I had once ran up, loosened the rope, and replaced it by a halter, and, placing the pinchers upon her nose, secured her by two cords fastened between two trees, and then left her to recover herself. Everyone hastened up to examine the beautiful animal as she rose from the ground, and cast fiery glances around. She lashed out with her heels on every side, and, giving vent to angry snorts, struggled violently to get free. All her endeavours were in vain, the cords were stout, and after a while she quieted down, and stood exhausted and quivering. I then approached. She suffered me to lead her to the roots of our tree, which for the present formed our stables, and there I tied her up close to the donkey, who was likewise prevented from playing truant. Next morning I found the onager after her night's rest as wild as ever, and as I looked at the handsome creature I almost despared of ever taming her proud spirit. Every expedient was tried, and at length, when the animal was subdued by hunger, I thought I might venture to mount her, and having given her the strongest curb, and shackled her feet, I attempted to do so. She was as unruly as ever, and as a last expedient I resolved to adopt a plan which, though cruel, was I knew attended with wonderful success by the American Indians, by whom it is practised. Watching a favourable opportunity I sprang upon the onager's back, and seizing her long ear in my teeth, in spite of her kicking and plunging, bit it through. The result was marvellous. The animal ceased plunging, and, quivering violently, stood stock still. From that moment we were her masters. The children mounted her one after the other, and she carried them obediently and quietly. Proud indeed did I feel as I watched this animal, which naturalists and travellers have declared to be beyond the power of man to tame, guided hither and thither by my youngest son. Additions to our poultry-yard reminded me of the necessity of providing some substantial shelter for our animals before the rainy season came on. Three broods of chickens had been successfully hatched, and the little creatures, forty in all, were my wife's pride and delight. We began by making a roof over the vaulted roots of our tree, forming the framework of bamboo canes, which we laid close together and bound tightly down. Others we fixed below as supports. The interstices were filled up with clay and moss, and coating the hole over with a mixture of tar and lime water, we obtained a firm balcony, and a capital roof, impervious to the severest fall of rain. I ran a light rail round the balcony to give it a more ornamental appearance, and below divided the building into several compartments. Stables, poultry-yard, hay and provision lofts, dairy, kitchen, larder, and dining hall were united under one roof. Our winter quarters were now completed, and we had but to store them with food. Day after day we worked, bringing in provisions of every description. As we were one evening returning from gathering potatoes, it struck me that we should take in a store of acorns, and sending the two younger boys home with their mother and the cart, I took a large canvas bag, and with fritz and earnest, the farmer mounted on his onager, and the latter carrying his little favorite knips, made a detour toward the acorn wood. We reached the spot, tied lightfoot to a neighboring tree, and began rapidly to fill the sack. As we were thus engaged, knips sprang suddenly into a bush close by, from which, a moment afterward, issued such strange cries that Ernest followed to see what could be the matter. Come, he shouted, come and help me, I've got a couple of birds and their eggs, quick, ruffled grouse. We hurried to the spot. There was Ernest with a fluttering, screaming bird in either hand, while with his foot he was endeavouring to prevent his greedy little monkey from seizing the eggs. We quickly tied the legs of the birds, and removing the eggs from the nest, placed them in Ernest's hat, while he gathered some of the long broad grass, with which the nest was woven, and which grew luxuriously around, for friends to play at sword drill with. We then loaded the onager with the acorns and moved homeward. The eggs I covered carefully with dry moss, that they might be kept warm, and as soon as possible I handed them over to my wife, who managed the mother so cleverly that she induced her to return to the eggs, and in a few days, to our great delight, we had fifteen beautiful little Canadian chicks. Franz was greatly pleased with the swords his brother brought him, but having no small companion on whom to exercise his valour he amused himself for a short time in hewing down imaginary foes, and then cut the reeds in slips, and plated them to form a whip for light foot. The leaves seemed so pliable and strong that I examined them to see to what further use they might be put. Their tissue was composed of long silky fibres. A sudden thought struck me. This must be New Zealand flax. I could not rest till I had announced this invaluable discovery to my wife. She was no less delighted than I was. Bring me the leaves, she exclaimed.  No one shall now be clothed in rags. Just make me a spindle, and you shall soon have shirts and stockings and trousers, all good homespun.  We could not help smiling at her eager zeal, but frits and earnest sprang on their steeds, and soon the onager and buffalo were galloping home again, each laden with a great bundle of flax. The boys dismounted and deposited their offering at their mother's feet. Capitol, she exclaimed, I shall now show you that I am not at all behind hand in ingenuity. This must be wretted, carded, spun, and woven, and then with scissors, needle, and thread I will make you any article of clothing you choose. We decided that Flamingo Marsh would be the best spot for the operation of steeping, or retting, the flax, and next morning we set out there there with the cart drawn by the ass, and laden with the bundles, between which sat fronds and knips, while the rest of us followed with spades and hatchets. I described to my boys as we went along the process of retting, and explained to them how steeping the flax leaves destroys the useless membrane, while the strong fibers remain. As we were employed in making beds for the flax and placing it in them, we observed several nests of the Flamingo. These are most curiously and skillfully made of glutinous clay, so strong that they can neither be overturned nor washed away. They are formed in the shape of blunted cones, and placed point downward. At the upper and broader end is built a little platform to contain the eggs, on which the female bird sits, with her long legs in the water on either side, until the little birds are hatched, and can take to the water. For a fortnight we left the flax to steep, and then taking it out and drawing it thoroughly in the sun, stored it for future use at Falconhurst. For a fortnight we left the flax to steep, and then taking it out and drawing it thoroughly in the sun, stored it for future use at Falconhurst. Daily did we load our cart with provisions to be brought to our winter quarters. Maniac, potatoes, coconuts, sweet acorns, sugar canes, were all collected and stored in abundance. For grumbling thunder, lowering skies, and sharp showers, warned us that we had no time to lose. Our corn was sowed, our animals housed, our provisions stored, when down came the rain. To continue in our nest we found impossible, and we were obliged to retreat to the trunk, where we carried such of our domestic furniture as might have been injured by the damp. Our dwelling was indeed crowded, the animals and provisions were below, and our beds and household goods around us hemmed us in on every side. By dint of patience and better packing we obtained sufficient room to work and lie down in. By degrees too we became accustomed to the continual noise of the animals and the smell of the stables. The smoke from the fire, which we were occasionally obliged to light, was not agreeable, but in time even that seemed to become more bearable. To make more space we turned such animals as we had captured, and who therefore might be imagined to know how to shift for themselves outside during the daytime, bringing them under the arched roofs only at night. To perform this duty Fritz and I used to sally forth every evening, and as regularly every evening did we return soaked to the skin. To obviate this the mother, who feared these continual weddings might injure our health, contrived waterproofs. She brushed on several layers of couch-chowk over stout shirts, to which she attached hoods. She then fixed these to duck trousers, and thus prepared for each of us a complete waterproof suit, clad in which we might brave the severest rain. In spite of our endeavours to keep ourselves busy, the time dragged heavily. Our mornings were occupied intending the animals. The boys amused themselves with their pets and assisted me in the manufacture of carding-combs and a spindle for the mother. The combs I made with nails, which I placed head downward on a sheet of tin, about an inch wide. Holding the nails in their proper position, I poured solder round their heads to fix them to the tin, which I then folded down on either side of them to keep them perfectly firm. In the evening, when our room was illuminated with wax candles, I wrote a journal of all the events which had occurred since our arrival in this foreign land, and, while the mother was busy with her needle, and earnest making sketches of birds, beasts, and flowers, with which she had met during the past months, Fritz and Jack taught little friends to read. Week after week rolled by. Week after week saw us still close prisoners. Incessant rain battered down above us. Constant gloom hung over the desolate scene. End of Chapter 8, read by Kara Schellenberg on July 17, 2009, in San Diego, California. Chapter 9, Part 1 of The Swiss Family Robinson. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. The Swiss Family Robinson by Johann R. Wies. Chapter 9, Part 1. The winds at length were lulled. The sun shot his brilliant rays through the ribbon clouds. The rain ceased to fall. Spring had come. No prisoner set at liberty would have felt more joy than we did, as we stepped forth from our winter abode, refreshed our eyes with the pleasant verger around us, and our ears with the merry songs of a thousand happy birds, and drank in the pure balmy air of spring. Our plantations were thriving vigorously. The seed we had sown was shooting through the moist earth. All nature was refreshed. Our nest was our first care. Filled with leaves and broken and torn by the wind, it looked indeed dilapidated. We worked hard, and in a few days it was again inhabitable. My wife begged that I would now start her with the flax, and as early as possible I built a drying oven, and then prepared it for her use. I also, after some trouble, manufactured a beetle reel and spinning wheel, and she and Franz were soon hard at work, the little boy reeling off the thread his mother spun. I was anxious to visit Tenthome, for I feared that much of our precious stores might have suffered. Fritz and I made an excursion thither. The damage done to Falconhurst was as nothing compared to the scene that awaited us. The tent was blown to the ground, the canvas torn to rags, the provisions soaked, and two casks of powder utterly destroyed. We immediately spread such things as we hoped yet to preserve in the sun to dry. The pinnace was safe, but our faithful tub-boat was dashed in pieces, and the irreparable damage we had sustained made me resolve to contrive some safer and more stable winter quarters before the arrival of the next rainy season. Fritz proposed that we should hollow out a cave in the rock, and though the difficulties such an undertaking would present appeared almost insurmountable, I yet determined to make the attempt. We might not, I thought, hew out a cavern of sufficient size to serve as a room, but we might at least make a cellar for the more valuable and perishable of our stores. Some days afterward we left Falconhurst with the cart laden with a cargo of spades, hammers, chisels, pickaxes, and crowbars, and began our undertaking. On the smooth face of the perpendicular rock I drew out in chalk the size of the proposed entrance, and then, with minds bent on success, we battered away. Six-day is a hard and incessant toil made by little impression. I do not think that the whole would have been a satisfactory shelter for even master knips, but we still did not despair, and were presently rewarded by coming to softer and more yielding substance. Our work progressed, and our minds were relieved. On the tenth day, as our persevering blows were falling heavily, Jack, who was working diligently with a hammer and crowbar, shouted, Gone, Father! Fritz! my bar has gone through the mountain! Run around and get it, laughed Fritz. Perhaps it has dropped into Europe. You must not lose a good crowbar. But really, it is through. It went right through the rock. I heard it crash down inside. Oh, do come and see! he shouted excitedly.  It met with no opposition. I could turn it in any direction I chose. Fritz handed me a long pole. I tried the depth with that. Nothing could I feel. A thin wall, then, was all that intervened between us and a great cavern. With a shout of joy the boys battered vigorously at the rock. Peace by peace fell, and soon the hole was large enough for us to enter. I stepped near the aperture, and was about to make a further examination, when a sudden rush of poisonous air turned me giddy, and shouting to my sons to stand off, I leaned against the rock. When I came to myself I explained to them the danger of approaching any cavern or other place where the air has for a long time been stagnant. Unless air is incessantly renewed it becomes vitiated, I said, and fatal to those who breathe it. The safest way of restoring it to its original state is to subject it to the action of fire. A few handfuls of blazing hay thrown into this hole may, if the place is small, sufficiently purify the air within to allow us to enter without danger. We tried the experiment. The flame was extinguished the instant it entered. Though bundles of blazing grass were thrown in no difference was made. I saw that we must apply some more efficacious remedy and sent the boys for a chest of signal rockets we had brought from the wreck. We let fly some dozens of these fiery serpents, which went whizzing in and disappeared at apparently a vast distance from us.  They looked like avenging dragons driving a foul malignant fiend out of a beautyous palace. We waited for a little while after these experiments, and I then again threw in lighted hay. It burned clearly. The air was purified. Fritz and I enlarged the opening while Jack, springing on his buffalo, thundered away to Falconhurst to bear the great and astonishing news to his mother. Great must have been the effect of Jack's eloquence on those at home, for the timbers of the bridge were soon again resounding under the swift but heavy tramp of his steed, and he was quickly followed by the rest of our party in the cart. All were in the highest state of excitement. Jack had stowed in the cart all the candles he could find, and we now, lighting these, shouldered our arms and entered. I led the way, sounding the ground as I advanced with a long pole, that we might not fall unexpectedly into any great hole or chasm. Silently we marched, the mother, the boys, and even the dogs, seeming overawed with the grandeur and beauty of the scene. We were in a grotto of diamonds, a vast cave of glittering crystal. The candles reflected on the walls a golden light, bright as the stars of heaven, while great crystal pillars rose from the floor like mighty trees, mingling their branches high above us, and drooping in hundreds of stalactites. Which sparkled and glittered with all the colors of the rainbow. The floor of this magnificent palace was formed of hard, dry sand, so dry that I saw at once that we might safely take up our abode therein, without the slightest fear of danger from damp. From the appearance of the brilliant crystals round about us, I suspected their nature. I tasted a piece. This was a cavern of rock salt. There was no doubt about it. Here was an unlimited supply of the best and purest salt. But one thing detracted from my entire satisfaction and delight. Large crystals lay scattered here and there, which, detached from the roof, had fallen to the ground. This, if apt to recur, would keep us in constant peril. I examined some of the masses, and discovered that they had been all recently separated, and therefore concluded that the concussion of the air occasioned by the rockets had caused their fall. To satisfy ourselves, however, that there were no more pieces tottering above us, we discharged our guns from the entrance, and watched the effect. Nothing more fell. Our magnificent abode was safe. We returned to Falconhurst with minds full of wonder at our new discovery, and plans for turning it to the best possible advantage. Nothing was now talked of but the new house, how it should be arranged, how it should be fitted up. The safety and comfort of Falconhurst, which had at first seemed so great, now dwindled away in our opinion to nothing. It should be kept up, we decided, merely as a summer residence, while our cave should be formed into a winter house and impregnable castle. Our attention was now fully occupied with this new house. Light and air were to be admitted, so we hewed a row of windows in the rock, where we fitted the window cases we had brought from the officer's cabins. We brought the door, too, from Falconhurst, and fitted it in the aperture we had made. The opening in the trunk of the tree I determined to conceal with bark, as less likely to attract the notice of wild beasts or savages, should they approach during our absence. The cave itself we divided into four parts. In front, a large compartment into which the door opened, subdivided into our sitting, eating, and sleeping apartments. The right hand division containing our kitchen and workshop, and the left our stables. Behind all this, in the dark recesses of the cave, was our storehouse and powder magazine. Having already undergone one rainy season, we knew well its discomforts, and thought of many useful arrangements in the laying out of our dwelling. We did not intend to be again smoke-dried. We therefore contrived a properly built fireplace and chimney. Our stable arrangements, too, were better, and plenty of space was left in our workshop that we should not be hampered in even the most extensive operations. Our frequent residence at Tentholm revealed to us several important advantages which we had not foreseen. Numbers of splendid turtles often came ashore to deposit their eggs in the sand, and their delicious flesh afforded us many a sumptuous meal. When more than one of these creatures appeared at a time, we used to cut off their retreat to the sea, and, turning them on their backs, fasten them to a stake, driven in close by the water's edge, by a cord passed through a hole in their shell. We thus had fresh turtle continually within our reach. For the animals drove well thus secured, and appeared in as good condition after having been kept thus for several weeks, as others when freshly caught. Lobsters, crabs, and mussels also abounded on the shore, but this was not all, and additional surprise awaited us. As we were one morning approaching Tentholm, we were attracted by a most curious phenomenon. The waters out at sea appeared agitated by some unseen movement, and as they heaved and boiled, their surface, struck by the beams of the morning sun, seemed illuminated by flashes of fire. Over the water where this disturbance was taking place hovered hundreds of birds, screaming loudly which ever and anon would dart downward, some plunging beneath the water, some skimming the surface. Then again they would rise and resume their harsh cries. The shining sparkling mass then rolled onward and approached in a direct line our bay, followed by the feathered flock above. We hurried down to the shore to further examine this strange sight. I was convinced as we approached that it was a shoal or bank of herrings. No sooner did I give utterance to my conjecture than I was assailed by a host of questions concerning this herring bank, what it was, and what occasioned it. A herring bank, I said, is composed of an immense number of herrings swimming together. I can scarcely express to you the huge size of this living bank, which extends over a great area many fathoms deep. It is followed by numbers of great ravenous fish who devour quantities of the herrings, while above hover birds, as you have just seen, ready to pounce down on stragglers near the top. To escape these enemies the shoal makes for the nearest shore and seeks safety in those shallows where the large fish cannot follow. But here it meets with a third great enemy. It may escape from the fish and elude the vigilance of sharp-sighted birds, but from the ingenuity of man it can find no escape. In one year millions of these fish are caught, and yet the rows of only a small number would be sufficient to supply as many fish again. Soon our fishery was in operation. Jack and Fritz stood in the water with baskets, and bailed out the fish, as one bails water with a bucket, throwing them to us on the shore. As quickly as possible we cleaned them, and placed them in casks with salt, first a layer of salt, and then a layer of herrings and so on, until we had ready many casks of pickled fish. As the barrels were filled we closed them carefully, and rolled them away to the cool vaults at the back of our cave. Our good fortune, however, was not to end here. A day after the herring fishery was over, and the shoal had left our bay, a great number of seals appeared, attracted by the refuse of the herrings which we had thrown into the sea. Though I feared they would not be suitable for our table, we yet secured a score or two for the sake of their skins and fat. The skins we drew carefully off for harness and clothing, and the fat we boiled down for oil, which we put aside in casks, for tanning, soap making, and burning in lamps. These occupations interfered for some time with our work at Rock House, but as soon as possible we again returned to our labour with renewed vigor. I had noticed that the salt crystals had for their base a species of gypsum, which I knew might be made of great service to us in our building operations as plaster. As an experiment I broke off some pieces, and, after subjecting them to great heat, reduced them to powder. The plaster this formed with water was smooth and white, and as I had then no particular use to which I might put it, I plastered over some of the herring casks, that I might be perfectly certain that all air was excluded. The remainder of the casks I left as they were, for I presently intended to preserve their contents by smoking.  On the floor we lit a great fire of brushwood and moss, which threw out a dense smoke, curling in volumes round the fish, and they, in a few days, seemed perfectly cured. About a month after the appearance of the herrings we were favoured by a visit from other shoals of fish. Jack aspired them first and called to us that a lot of young whales were off the coast. We ran down and discovered the bay apparently swarming with great sturgeons, salmon, and trout, all making for the mouth of Jackal River, that they might ascend it, and deposit their spawn among the stones. Jack was delighted at his discovery. Here are proper fish, he exclaimed, none of your paltry fry, how do you preserve these sorts of fish, potted, salted, or smoked? Not so fast, said I, not so fast, tell me how they are to be caught, and I will tell you how they are to be cooked. Oh, I'll catch them fast enough, he replied, and darted off to Rock House. While I was still puzzling my brains as to how I should set to work, he returned with his fishing apparatus in hand, a bow and arrow, and a ball of twine. At the arrow-head he had fastened a barbed spike, and had secured the arrow to the end of the string. Armed with this weapon he advanced to the river's edge. His arrow flew from the bow and, to my surprise, struck one of the largest fish in the side. Help, Father, help! he cried, as the great fish darted off, carrying arrow and all with it. Help, or he will pull me into the water! I ran to his assistance, and together we struggled with the finny monster. He pulled tremendously and lashed the water around him, but we held the cord fast, and he had no chance of escape. Weaker and weaker grew his struggles, and at length, exhausted by his exertions and loss of blood, he allowed us to draw him ashore. He was a noble prize, and Fritz and Ernest, who came up just as we completed his capture, were quite envious of Jack's success. Not to be behindhand, they eagerly rushed off for weapons themselves. We were soon all in the water, Fritz with a harpoon, Ernest with a rod and line, and I myself armed like Neptune with an iron trident, or, more properly speaking, perhaps a pitchfork. Soon the shore was strewn with a goodly number of the finest fish, monster after monster we drew to land. At length, Fritz, after harpooning a great sturgeon full eight feet long, could not get the fish ashore. We all went to his assistance, but our united efforts were unavailing. The buffalo proposed my wife, and off went Jack for storm. Storm was harnessed to the harpoon-rope, and soon the monstrous fish lay panting on the sand. We at length, when we had captured as many fish as we could possibly utilize, set about cleaning and preparing their flesh. Some we salted, some we dried like the herrings, some we treated like the tunny of the Mediterranean. We prepared them in oil. Of the row of the sturgeon I decided to form caviar, the great Russian dish. I removed from it all the membranes by which it is surrounded, washed it in vinegar, salted it, pressed out all the moisture caused by the wet absorbing properties of the salt, packed it in small barrels, and stowed it away in our storehouse. I knew that of the sturgeon's bladder the best eyes and glasses made, so carefully collecting the air bladders from all those we had killed, I washed them and hung them up to stiffen. The outer coat or membrane I then peeled off, cutting the remainder into strips, technically called staples. These staples I placed in an iron pot over the fire, and when they had been reduced to a proper consistency I strained off the glue through a clean cloth and spread it out on a slab of stone in thin layers, letting them remain until they were dry. The substance I thus obtained was beautifully transparent, and promised to serve as an excellent substitute for glass in our window frames. Fortunately in this beautiful climate little or no attention was necessary to the kitchen garden, the seeds sprang up and flourished without apparently the slightest regard for the time or season of the year. Peas, beans, wheat, barley, rye, and Indian corn seemed constantly ripe, while cucumbers, melons, and all sorts of other vegetables grew luxuriously. The success of our garden at Tentholm encouraged me to hope that my experiment at Falconhurst had not failed, and one morning we started to visit the spot. As we passed by the field from which the potatoes had been dug, we found it covered with barley, wheat, rye, and peas in profusion. I turned to the mother in amazement. Where has this fine crop sprung from, said I? From the earth, she replied, laughing, where Franz and I sowed the seed I brought from the wreck. The ground was ready tilled by you and the boys. All we had to do was to scatter the seed. I was delighted at the sight, and it augured well, I thought, for the success of my maize plantation. We hurried to the field. The crop had indeed grown well, and what was more, appeared to be duly appreciated. A tremendous flock of feathered thieves rose as we approached. Among them frits aspired a few ruffled grouse, and quickest thought, unhooding his eagle, he started him off in chase, then sprung on his onager and followed at full gallop. His noble bird marked out the finest grouse, and, soaring high above it, stooped and bore his prey to the ground. Fritz was close at hand, and, springing through the bushes, he saved the bird from death, hooded the eagle's eyes, and returned triumphantly. Jack had not stood idle, for slipping his pet fangs, he had started him among some quails who remained upon the field, and, to my surprise, the jackal secured some dozen of the birds, bringing them faithfully to his master's feet. We then turned our steps toward Falconhurst, where we were refreshed by a most delicious drink the mother prepared for us, the stems of the young Indian corn, crushed, strained, and mixed with water and the juice of the sugarcane. We then made preparations for an excursion the following day, for I wish to establish a sort of semi-civilized farm at some distance from Falconhurst, where we might place some of our animals which had become too numerous with our limited means to supply them with food. In the large cart to which we harnessed the buffalo, cow, and ass, we placed a dozen fowls, four young pigs, two couple of sheep, and as many goats, and a pair of hens, and one cock-grouse. Fritz led the way on his onagger, and by a new track we forced a passage through the woods and tall grasses toward Cape Disappointment. The difficult march was at length over, and we emerged from the forest upon a large plain, covered with curious little bushes. The branches of these little shrubs and the ground about them were covered with pure white flakes. "'Snow, snow!' exclaimed Fritz. "'Oh, mother, come down from the cart and place snowballs. This is jolly, much better than the ugly rain.' I was not surprised at the boy's mistake, for indeed the flakes did look like snow. But before I could express my opinion Fritz declared that the plant must be a kind of dwarf cotton-tree. We approached nearer and found he was right, soft, fine wool enclosed in pods, and still hanging on the bushes or lying on the ground, abounded in every direction. We had indeed discovered this valuable plant. The mother was charmed, and, gathering a great quantity in three capacious bags, we resumed our journey. Crossing the cotton field we ascended a pretty wooded hill. The view from the summit was glorious, luxuriant grass at our feet, stretching down the hill side, dotted here and there with shady trees, among which gushed down a sparkling brook, while below lay the rich green forest, with the sea beyond. What better situation could we hope to find for our new farm? Pasture, water, shade, and shelter all were here. We pitched our tent, built our fireplace, and leaving the mother to prepare our repast, Fritz and I selected a spot for the erection of our shed. We soon found a group of trees so situated that the trunks would serve as posts for our intended building. Vither we carried all our tools, and then, as the day was far advanced, enjoyed our supper, and lay down upon most comfortable beds, which the mother had prepared for us with the cotton. The group of trees we had selected was exactly suited to our purpose, for it formed a regular rectilinear figure, the greatest side of which faced the sea. I cut deep mortises in the trunks about ten feet from the ground, and again ten feet higher up to form a second story. In these mortises I inserted beams, thus forming a framework for my building, and then, making a roof of laths, I overlaid it with bark, which I stripped from a neighbouring tree, and fixed with acacia thorns, and which would effectually shoot off any amount of rain. While clearing up the scraps of bark and other rubbish for fuel for our fire, I noticed a peculiar smell, and stooping down I picked up pieces of the bark, some of which, to my great surprise, I found was that of the terebinth tree, and the rest that of the American fir. The goats, too, made an important discovery among the same heap, for we found them busily rooting out pieces of cinnamon, a most delicious and aromatic spice. From the fir, said I to the boys, we get turpentine and tar, and thus it is that the fir tree becomes such a valuable article of commerce. So we may look forward to preparing pitch for our yacht, with tar and oil, you know, and cart grease, too, with tar and fat. I do not know that you will equally appreciate the terebinth tree, a gum issues from incisions in the bark which hardens in the sun, and becomes as transparent as amber. When burned it gives forth a most delicious perfume, and when dissolved in spirits of wine forms a beautiful transparent varnish. The completion of our new farmhouse occupied us several days. We wove strong lianas and other creepers together to form the walls to the height of about six feet. The rest, up to the roof, we formed merely of a latticework of laths, to admit both air and light. Within we divided the house into three parts, one subdivided into stalls for the animals, a second fitted with perches for the birds, and a third simply furnished with a rough table and benches, to serve as a sleeping apartment for ourselves, when we should find it necessary to pay the place a visit. In a short time the dwelling was most comfortably arranged, and as we daily filled the feeding troughs with the food the animals liked best, they showed no inclination to desert the spot we had chosen for them. Yet, hard as we had worked, we found that the provisions we had brought with us would be exhausted before we could hope to be able to leave the farm. I therefore dispatched Jack and Fritz for fresh supplies. During their absence Ernest and I made a short excursion in the neighborhood that we might know more exactly the character of the country near our farm. Passing over a brook which flowed toward the wall of rocks, we reached a large marsh, and as we walked round it I noticed with delight that it was covered with the rice plant, growing wild in the greatest profusion. Here and there only were there any ripe plants, and from these rose a number of ruffled grouse, at which both Ernest and I let fly. Two fell, and Fangs, who was with us, brought them to our feet. As we advanced Knips skipped from the back of his steed Juno, and began to regale himself on some fruit at a short distance off. We followed the little animal and found him devouring delicious strawberries. Having enjoyed the fruit ourselves we filled the hamper Knips always carried, and secured the fruit from his pilfering paws, with leaves fixed firmly down. I then took a sample of the rice seeds to show the mother, and we continued our journey. Presently we reached the borders of the pretty lake which we had seen beyond the swamp. The mirror aspect of its calm blue waters greatly charmed us, and still more so the sight of numbers of black swans, disporting themselves on the glassy surface, in which their stately forms and graceful movements were reflected as in a mirror. It was delightful to watch these splendid birds, old and young, swimming together in the peaceful enjoyment of life, seeking their food and pursuing one another playfully in the water. I could not think of breaking in upon their happy beautiful existence by firing among them, but our dog Juno was by no means so considerate, for all at once I heard a plunge, and saw her drag out of the water a most peculiar looking creature, something like a small otter, but not above twenty-two inches in length, which she would have torn to pieces had we not hurried up and taken it from her. This curious little animal was of a soft dark brown color, the fur being of a lighter shade under the body, its feet were furnished with large claws, and also completely webbed, the head small with deeply set ears and eyes, and terminating in a broad flat bill like that of a duck. This singularity seemed to us so droll that we both laughed heartily, feeling at the same time much puzzled to know what sort of animal it could possibly be. For want of a better we gave it the name of the BEAST WITH A BILL, and earnest willingly undertook to carry it, that it might be stuffed, and kept as a curiosity. After this we returned to the farm, thinking our messengers might soon arrive, and sure enough in about a quarter of an hour Fritz and Jack made their appearance at a brisk trot, and gave a circumstantial account of their mission. I was pleased to see that they had fulfilled their orders intelligently, carrying out my intentions in the spirit, and not blindly, to the letter. End of Chapter 9 Part 1, read by Kara Schellenberg on July 18, 2009, in San Diego, California.