Live from Midtown Manhattan, it's theCUBE, covering Big Data, New York City, 2017, brought to you by SiliconANGLE Media and its ecosystem sponsors. Okay, welcome back everyone. We're live in New York City. This is theCUBE's coverage of Big Data NYC. This is our own event for five years now. We've been running it, been at Hadoop World since 2010. It's our eighth year covering the Hadoop World, which has evolved into Stratoconference, Stratahadoop, now called Stratadata. And, of course, it's a bigger than just Strat, it's about Big Data in NYC. A lot of big players here inside theCUBE, thought leaders, entrepreneurs, and great guests. I'm John Furrier, the co-host this week with Jim Kobielos, who's the lead analyst on our Big Data, our Wikibon team. Our next guest is Yaron Javier, who's with Iguazio. He's the founder and CTO, hot startup here at the show, making a lot of waves on their new platform. Welcome to theCUBE. Good to see you again. Congratulations. Yes, thanks. Thanks very much. We're happy to be here again. You're known in the CUBE community as the guy on Twitter who's always pinging me and Dave and the teams, and hey, you guys got to get that right. You really are one of the smartest guys on the network in our community, you're super smart. Your team has got great tech chops. And in the middle of all that is the hottest market, which is cloud native, cloud native, as it relates to the integration of how apps are being built. And essentially new ways of engineering around these solutions, not just repagaging old stuff, it's really about putting things in a true cloud environment with an application development, with data at the center of it. You've got a whole complex platform you've introduced. So really, really want to dig into this. So before we get into some of my point, of course, I know Jim's got a ton of questions, is give us an update on what's going on. So you guys got some news here at the show. Let's get to that first. Hi, so since the last time we spoke, we had tons of news. We're making revenues, we have customers. We've just recently GAID. We recently got significant investment from major investors. We raised about $33 million recently from companies like Verizon Ventures, Bosch, for IoT, Chicago Mercantile Exchange, Dow Jones, and other properties at Dell EMC. So pretty broad. So customers, pretty much. Yeah, so that's the nice, the interesting thing. Usually investors are sort of strategic investors, or partners, or potential buyers. But here, it's essentially our customers that it's so strategic to the business. Well, talk about the GAID approach. Just get into what's shipping, what's available, what's the general availability, what are you now offering? So Iguaz is trying to, you alluded to, cloud-native and all that. Usually when you go to events like Strata, and big data, it's nothing to do with cloud-native, a lot of hard labor, and not really continuous development and integration. It's continuous hard work, okay? It's continuous hard work. And essentially what we did, we created the data platform, which is extremely fast and integrated. It has all the different forms of state streaming, and events, and documents, and tables, and all that into a very unique architecture. One diving to that today. And on top of it, we've integrated cloud services, like Kubernetes, and serverless functionality, and others. So we can essentially create a hybrid cloud. So some of our customers, they even deploy portions as an optics-based settings in the cloud, and some portions in the Edge, or in the enterprise, deploy the software, or even a prepackaged appliance. So we're the only ones that provide a full hybrid experience. This is a SaaS product? So it's a software stack, and it could be delivered in three different options. One, if you don't want to mess with the hardware, you could just rent it, and it's deployed in Equinix facility, where very strong partnerships with them globally. And if you want to have something on-prem, you could get a software reference architecture. You go and deploy it.  You just put it in the factory, instead of like two racks of a dupe. So you're not general purpose, you just put whatever the customer wants to deploy the stack, and they have flexibilities on them. Yeah, now it is an appliance, it is an appliance even when you deploy it on-prem.  You have APIs, and you have UIs. And just like the cloud experience, when you go to Amazon, you don't open the Kimono, you just use it. So our experience, that's what we're telling customers. No root access problems, no security problems. It's a hardened system. Give us servers, we'll deploy it, and you go through consoles and UIs. So you don't host anything for anyone? We host for some customers, including our- So you do whatever the customer was interested in doing. Yes. So you're flexible, okay. We just want to make money. Well, let's get it, I think you're going to do it pretty good. Let's dig into the product. So on the GA, so here, it's obviously a big data world, you mentioned you have this data layer, so like a data piece.  Okay. No, you're smart guy. So what problem are you solving? So we'll just go to the symbol. I love what you're doing. I assume you guys are super smart, which I can say you are, but what's the problem you're solving? What's the same thing for me? Okay, so there are two problems. One is the challenge everyone wants to transform. There is this digital transformation mantra, and it means essentially two things. One is I want to automate my operation environment so I can cut costs and be more competitive. The other one is I want to improve my customer engagement. I want to do mobile apps which are smarter, get more direct content to the user, get more targeted functionality, et cetera. These are the two key challenges for every business, any industry, okay? So they go and they deploy a dupe on Hive and all that stuff, and it takes them two years to productize it, and then they get to the data science piece. And by the time they finish, they understand that this dupe thing can only do one thing, is queries, and reporting, NBI, and data warehousing. How do you do actionable insights from that stuff? Okay, cause actionable insight means I get information from the mobile app, and then I translate it into some action. I have to enrich the vectors, the machine learning, all that details, and then I need to respond. Hadoop doesn't know how to do it. So the first generation is people that pulled a lot of stuff into the data lake and started querying it and generating reports. And the boss said- Low cost data lake, basically. And the boss said, okay, what are we going to do with this report? Is it generating any revenue to the business? No. The only revenue generation. If you take this data- You're fired again, exactly.  Now they're starting to buy our stuff. So, and now the point is, okay, how can I put all this data, and in the same time generate actions, and also deal with the production aspects of, I want to develop in a beta phase. I want to promote it into production. That's cloud-native architectures, okay? Hadoop is not cloud. How do I take a Spark, Zeppelin, and notebook, and I turn it into production? There's no way to do that. By the way, depending on which cloud you go to, they have a different mechanism and elements for each cloud. So the cloud providers do address that, because they are starting to package- There's no dev option that spans all the clouds, yeah. Yeah, so cloud providers are starting to have their own offerings, which are all proprietary around. This is how you would, you know, forget about HDFS, we'll have S3, and we'll have Ratshift for you, and we'll have Athena, and again, you're starting to consume that into a service. Still doesn't address the continuous analytics challenge that people have. And if you're looking at what we've done with Grab, which is amazing, they started with using Amazon services, S3, Ratshift, you know, Kinesis, all that stuff, and it took them about two hours to generate insights. Okay, now the problem is, they want to do driver incentives in real time. So the driver, they want to incentive the driver to go and make more rides or other things. So they have to analyze the event of the location of the driver, the event of the location of the customers, and just throw in messages back based on analytics. So that's real-time analytics, and that's not something they can do in real time. They got to build that from scratch right away. I mean, they can't do that with the existing. No, and Uber invested tons of energy around that, and they don't get the same functionality. Another unique feature is that they talk about in RPR. This is for the use case that you're talking about. This is the Grab, which is the car. The Grab is sort of number one right-sharing in Asia, which is bigger than Uber in Asia, and they're using our platform. By the way, even Uber doesn't really use a dupe to use MemSQL for that stuff, so it's not really using open source and all that. But the point is, for example, with Uber, when they monetize the rides, they do it just based on demand, and with Grab, now what they do because of the capability that we can intersect tons of data in real-time, they can also look at the weather.  They don't want to raise the price. A lot of other data points could be traffic. They don't want to raise the price if there was a problem and all the customers get aggregated. This is actually intersecting data in real-time, and no one today can do that in real-time beyond what we can do. A lot of people have semantic problems with real-time. They don't even know what they mean by real-time. The data could be a week old, but they can get it to them in real-time. But every decision, if you think, if you generally don't know the problem, and we have slides on that, that I explained to customers is, every time I run analytics, I need to look at four types of data, the context, the event, okay, what happened, okay? The second type of data is the previous state, like I have a car, was it up or down, or what was the previous state of that element? The third element is the time aggregation, like what happened in the last hour, the average temperature, the average ticker price for the stock, et cetera, okay? And the fourth thing is enriched data, like I have a car ID, but what's the make, what's the model, who's driving it right now? That's secondary data. So every time I run a machine learning task or any decision, even decision, I have to collect all those four types of data into one vector, it's called feature vector, and take a decision on that. You take Kafka, it's only the event part, okay? You take MemSQL, it's only the state part. You take Hadoop, it's only like historical stuff. How do you assemble and stitch a feature vector? You're talking about a complex machine learning pipeline, so clearly, that you're talking about a hybrid. You're talking about a hybrid, yeah. And actions based on just down things, like the car broke and I need to send a garage, I don't need machine learning for that, okay? So within your environment then, do you enable the machine learning models to execute across the different data platforms of which this hybrid environment is composed, and then do you aggregate the results of those models, runs into some larger model that drives the real-time decision? In our social everything is a document, so even a picture is a document with a lot of things, so you can essentially throw in a picture, run TensorFlow, embed more features into the document, and then query those features on another platform. So that's really what makes this continuous analytics extremely flexible. So that's what do we give customers? The first thing is simplicity. They can now build applications in, we had tier one automotive customer, CIO coming, meeting us, said, you know what, I have a project, one year, I need to have higher dozens of people, it's hugely complex, so tell us what's the use case, and we'll build a prototype, okay? All right, well I'm going to push. One week, we gave them a prototype, and it was amazed how in one week, we created an application that analyzed all the streams from the data from the cars, that did the enrichment, did the machine learning, and provided the predictions. We'll have to come in and test you on this, because I'm skeptical, but here's why. Everyone is. Okay, we'll get to that, but I'm probably not skeptical, but I kind of am, because the history is pretty clear. If you look at some of the big ideas out there, like OpenStack, that thing just morphed into a beast. Hadoop was a cost of ownership nightmare, as you mentioned early on. So people have been conceptually correct on what they were trying to do, but trying to get it done was always hard, and then it took a long time to kind of figure out the operational model. So how were you different if I'm going to play the skeptic here? You know, I've heard this before, how were you different than say OpenStack or Hadoop clusters? Because that was a nightmare, cost of ownership, I couldn't get the time to value I needed, lost my budget, why aren't you the same? Okay, that's interesting, I don't feel no, but I ran a lot of development for OpenStack when I was in Maddox and Hadoop, so I attached a lot of those. So do you agree with what I said? That that was a problem? They are extremely complex, yes, and I think one of the things is first, OpenStack tried to bite on too much, and it's sort of a huge dent, everyone tries to push his agenda. OpenStack is still an infrastructure layer, okay? And also, Hadoop is sort of something in between an infrastructure and an application layer, but it was designed 10 years ago, where the problem that Hadoop tried to solve is how do you do web ranking, okay, on tons of batch data? And then the ecosystem evolved into real-time and streaming and machine learning. And that doesn't... A data warehouse alternative, whatever. So that doesn't fit the original model of batch processing, because if an event comes from the current IoT device and you have to do something with it, you need a table with an index. You can't just go and build a huge bar K file. Now, you know, you're talking about complexity. Oh, you know, that's why he's different. Go ahead. So what we've done with our team, after knowing OpenStack and all those giant... All the scar tissue. And all the scar tissues. And my role was also working with all the cloud service providers. So I know their internal architecture, and I worked on SAP HANA and Exadata and all those things. So we learned from the bad experiences, said let's forget about the lower layers, which is what OpenStack is trying to provide. Provide you infrastructure as a service. Let's focus on the application and build from the application all the way to the flash and the CPU instruction set and the adapters and the networking. That's what different. So what we provide is an application and service experience. We don't provide infrastructure.  Now you go and build with a dozen of DevOps guys, all the stack above.  Just that they're not the most optimized in terms of the implementation because they also have dozens of independent projects that each one takes the VM and starts writing some. But they're still good service, but you got to put it together. Yeah, but also the way they implement because in order for them to scale is that they have a common layer based on VMs and then they're starting to build up the application so it's inefficient. And also a lot of it is built on 10 year old baseline architecture. We've designed it for very modern architectures parallel CPUs with 30 cores, Flash and NVMe. So we've avoided a lot of the hardware challenges and serialization and just provide an abstraction layer pretty much like a cloud on top. Now in terms of abstraction layers in the cloud, they're efficient in providing a simplification experience for developers. Serverless computing is up and coming. It's an important approach. Of course we have the public clouds from AWS and Google and IBM and Microsoft. There are a growing range of serverless computing frameworks for prem-based deployment. I believe you are behind one. And can you talk about what you're doing at Iguazzo on serverless frameworks for on-prem? Yeah, so first I'm very active in CNCF, the Cloud Native Foundation. I'm one of the authors of the serverless white paper which tries to normalize the definitions of all the vendors and come with a proposal for sort of interoperable standard. So I spend a lot of energy on that because we don't want to lock customers to an API. What's unique, by the way, about our solution, we don't have a single proprietary API. We just emulate all the other guy's stuff. We have all the Amazon APIs for data services like Kinesis, Dynamo, S3, et cetera. We have the open source APIs like Kafka. So also on the serverless, my agenda is trying to promote that if I'm writing to Azure or AWS or Iguazzo, I don't need to change my app. I can use any developer tools. So that's my effort there. And we recently, a few weeks ago, we launched our open source project, which is a sort of second generation of something we had before called Nucleo. It's designed for real time. How do you spell that? Nucleo, I even have the nice slick here. It's really fast, because it's... So that's the open source that you guys are sponsoring. So I'll code out in the open. All the code is in the open. Pretty cool. It has a lot of innovative ideas on how to do stream processing and the best, because the original serverless functionality was designed around web hooks and HTTP. And even many of the open source projects are really designed around HTTP. I have a question. I'm doing research for Wikibon on the area of serverless. We've recently published a report on serverless. And in terms of hybrid cloud environments, I'm not seeing yet any hybrid serverless clouds that involve public serverless like AWS Lambda and private on-prem deployment of serverless. Do you have any customers who are doing that are interested in hybridizing serverless across public and private? Of course, and we have some patents I don't want to go into. But the general idea is that what we've done in Nucleo is also the decoupling of the data from the computation, which means that things can sort of be disjoint. You can run a function in a Raspberry Pi and the data will be in a different place and those things can sort of move, okay? So the persistence has to happen outside the serverless environment like in the application. Outside of the function, the function access the persistent layers through APIs. And how this data persistency is materialized, that's sort of a separate thing. So you can actually write the same function that will run against Kafka or Kinesis or RevitemQ or HTTP without modifying the function and ad hoc through what we call function bindings, you define what's going to be the thing driving the data or storing the data. So you can actually write the same function that does an ETL job from table one to table two. You don't need to put the table information in the function, which is not the thing that Lambda does. And it's about 100 times faster than Lambda. We do 400,000 events per second in Nucleo. So if you write your serverless code in Nucleo, it's faster than writing it yourself because of all those low-level optimizations. You're on, thanks for coming on the Key Realty Show. We want to do a deeper dive. Love to have you on Palo Alto next time. As usual, yeah. You're in town. Let us know when you're in Silicon Valley for sure. We'll make sure we get you on camera for multiple sessions. And more information re-invent. Go to re-invent. We're looking forward to seeing there. Love the continuous analytics message. I think continuous integration is going through a massive renaissance right now. You're starting to see new approaches. And I think things that you're doing is exactly along the lines of what the world wants, which is alternatives, innovation, and thanks for sharing on theCUBE. That's very great. This is a CUBE coverage of the hot startups here at Big Data NYC. Live coverage from New York after this short break. I'm John Furrier, Jim Kobielus after this short break.


Bam, we're back and I'm back with the loud intros. Thanks everybody for telling me you liked those. All right, ready for the giveaway? This giveaway is insane. Here's what you can win if you enter into this contest. By the way, here's how you enter. Leave a comment in the first 24 hours that we drop this episode. Make it a good comment. Subscribe to this channel, turn on your notifications. If we pick your comment, here's what you win. You ready? Maps Prime, Maps Power Lift, Maps Performance, and Maps Hit. All those programs you'll get free access to. Now why are we giving away all those programs? Because in today's episode, we talk about athletic performance, and we've actually created a bundle with all those programs and discounted them tremendously. Each one of those programs is roughly 100 to $150 each. Here's what we're doing. We put them all together in an extreme athlete bundle. You can get them all right now for $149.99. So it's $149.99. It's a very limited offer just with this podcast. If you're interested, head over to mapsextreme.com. So again, that's mapsextreme.com and get yourself signed up. All right, enjoy the show. Here's something that's interesting. This is connected to what we're about to talk about. Some of the best results I ever got with my personal workouts, and definitely with my clients, definitely with my clients, was when the focus was entirely on performance, how you perform, how strong you are, how well you move. In fact, this was a technique that I used often, especially in the back half of my career when I really figured this out. If I got a client that wanted to lose weight or sculpt their body, build this, build that, look a certain way, I would say, you know what? Let's do this for the next three months. We're not gonna focus on the scale. We're not gonna focus on the mirror. I just wanna improve your performance. At the end of that three month period, then we'll assess your appearance and I'll make this guarantee right here. If we improve your performance, you're gonna be very happy with the way you look. And it was a game changer. I was late to the party on this one. I wish that somebody would have taught me this early on in my career, because it made a tremendous difference on the consistency that my clients would have with their training program when I got them to shift away from the mirror and scale. Now I was trying to do that, but I didn't think until later on to like shift it over in the performance direction.  And what I wasn't doing early on, even though I knew it was a bad idea to focus on the scale and the mirror, I wasn't giving them the performance metrics to look at. Once I started to do that, then it gave them something that they could be encouraged about and they could focus in on versus me just saying, no, don't pay attention to the mirror, don't pay attention to the scale because you tell them that and I had nothing else for them to focus on. They're still gonna go focus on that. Well, performance is objective. That's the big key, right? It's like, I mean, how subjective is appearance? It's so subjective. Oh, I look good. I don't look good. I don't know. How many times have you said this about yourself and then five years later, see a picture of yourself and you go, actually, I looked a lot better than I thought. Performance is very objective. And this is important to us, a very important key. All of our, what guides us to what we consider to be aesthetic, right? The things that we think look good, the only reason why we think they look good is because it evolved as a signal to explain performance. Like why is a man with wide shoulders and a smaller waist and a muscular upper body it considered attractive? Because what that meant was performance. He could move. He was strong. His testosterone levels were high. Why is it historically a hip to waist ratio is a particular number on women. Why is that considered attractive across all cultures regardless of weight? Why is that considered attractive? Because that points to performance, childbirth, health, does she have a good fatty acid profile? Is she healthy essentially? So all of the stuff that we tend to aim towards in the fitness space, especially popular fitness media actually originates from performance and well-trained athletes look good as a side effect. And more often than not they look good. And more often than not they look better than people who only focus on looks and pay no attention to performance. How interesting is that? It's so much better psychological practice and behavioral practice is just a healthier way to approach it in terms of finding value from those metrics and seeing that actually happen as opposed to just all the nuances of seeing how your body's shifting almost on a daily basis based on what you're consuming or the mood you're in. It's just like it's too much emphasis on looks, whereas once you start really getting more involved in the performance side and you get the quality of your movement and there's just a lot of different motivating drivers there that can carry you further than just the day-to-day, am I looking good today? Am I not looking good today? No, there is another side to this coin though and that I would caution anybody that's listening right now because we're promoting this idea of the benefits of training more like an athlete or thinking like that towards performance. But I also think that, and maybe this is why I didn't focus on this. I also saw a problem with clients that would open up magazine articles and their favorite NFL wide receiver or The Rock or some, I don't know, some person that they aspire to be like that's athletic and then their workout is in the magazine and so they go and they follow this and it rarely ever is actually a really good programmed routine, it's something that's got plyometrics and explosive movements and weird exercises they've never done before and they're like, oh my Odell Beckham does this, I'm gonna start doing this now. And so I would be challenged with that with those people that are drawn to training like an athlete but then also haven't done the prerequisites to train that way so. There's two components, two things that we need to address here. If you're training, if you're a coach and you're training a specific athlete, the training is very specific to the person and the sport, okay? So athletic training for a football player is gonna look different than athletic training for a swimmer or an endurance runner or a cyclist or a baseball player, right? It's gonna look different. What we're talking about here and that's got lots of value by the way.  What we're talking about is general athletic training. So the average person who's like, man I like to move well, I like to be fast, strong, I like to feel good and then the side effect of that is, man I look really good, I look really balanced and I move really well. That's general athletic training versus kind of that specific that you're talking about. And we could do a podcast on like, how to train for football, how to train for baseball. But I think in this episode what we're gonna talk about is general athletic training, the components of it, the factors that you wanna pay attention to that will benefit you regardless of what your goals are. Yeah, but that's my point that I'm trying to make is that exactly that, that the general population tends to do this. The general population who isn't- They make the wrong decision. They're not a wide receiver for the, they're not even probably a football player but they just love watching football and that's their favorite football player so therefore they go do it. It's rarely, I'm not talking about the kid who is in college and he's been training his whole career and he's a football player and he sees what a football player is doing so therefore he goes and mimics it. I'm talking about the weekend warrior who's watching football or watching these athletes and then goes, man they're motivated temporarily by this. Which is a good point to bring up because a lot of those workouts are even more risk. There's more risk involved, there's more detriment because of the explosive nature of them because athletics really, you do express very fast twitch explosive movements that you have to be able to control your body at an even higher level than say, some of these crazy workouts we've seen with bodybuilders where it's just like a ton of volume and it's a lot of pumping exercise, a lot of like really hard muscular, hypertrophy type based workouts but I caution that because even more so requires the prerequisites of movement and the ability to stabilize and control your joints before adding on that type of exercise. Well look, the bottom line is this and we talk about this all the time. If this is a lifelong endeavor for you, if you want to look good and be fit and be lean and you don't just want to do it for a short period of time, you're not just trying to get in shape and then get out of shape and gain the weight back and whatever, you're like, look, I want to do this, I want to do it right and I want to be able to maintain this forever. There's value in all these modalities, there's value in bodybuilding style training, we've done episodes on that, there's value in athletic based training, there's value in strength based or powerlifting style training and that's the key here and what we're talking about right now is the value in training like an athlete and that value will carry over and I don't care what your goal is, it's gonna carry over and it's gonna make you, even if you just care about how you look, training this way will make you look better versus never training like this. Oh, 100% but there still is in order of an operation, like your point with bodybuilding, how many people, and I know we're talking about sports performance type of training today but when you look at it, people make the same mistake in the bodybuilding community. You see your favorite bodybuilder in a magazine and you see his workouts and you go do that and just cause you want to be like one or aspire to be like one, you skip all the other things that you should do before getting into that routine and you'll be far better and you'll get more results faster if you follow the right order of operation. There's nothing, no difference in training like an athlete. If you want to train like an athlete and just cause you're a weekend warrior or the average joe, doesn't mean that you can't work towards that, being a general population, but that's totally fine and a great goal to have I think but there's still an order of operation. You don't just throw that person into this, what an NFL player is doing right now for training camp right away but you could work up to that if you really wanted to regardless of your football but you got to go through the right prerequisites first and order of operation and training to maximize your benefits and also protect you from the highest amount of risk. Now the goal of training like an athlete is this, it puts you in your body, you own your body, you can move in different ways and you own all that movement. It can be laterally, it can be forward, it can be up down, you're strong, you know your capabilities and your capacity and you can reach the maximum potential of your body whenever you want. So that's what it feels like when you train this way. You feel stable, strong, secure, you move well and you can call upon your body to do lots of different things but this begins with the right mindset. It's a very different mindset when you go into the gym or your garage or you're working at home when you're training like an athlete versus just training to look a particular way. Essentially it's this, you're not training for show, you're only training for go. Now again, remember this, when you train for go and you accomplish a great deal of that, the show part becomes the side effect, right? But that's the mentality.  And by the way, training for go doesn't just mean strength, but that's part of it. It doesn't just mean speed, that's part of it, right? It's all things tied to performance. So I can literally go to the gym and say today my goal is to squat better than I did before or squat stronger or heavier than I did before, right? It could be I'm gonna do an overhead press and my extension's gonna be even better. Or normally when I do overhead carries I feel strained in my low back. Today my goal is to be able to do this and feel no strain in my low back. That's what I mean by train for show. You're going in there and you're trying to aim for these objective measures that have everything to do with performance. Yeah, and I would even argue that the most important even over strength would be movement quality. If you look at the highest athletes when they're coaches and the technology that they have to analyze a pitcher as a pitcher throws the ball. I mean, they're looking at, it was from what, 12 o'clock to six o'clock is his arm going, is he internally rotating too much?  It's very mechanical. Yeah, they're not throwing harder next time or do 50 more reps. They're adjusting every little detail about the movement knowing that that will get more out of the movement, right, more results from that. So the same concept is that that's the way you want to go into these workouts. When you look at, oh, today is squats or oh, today is whatever, shoulder press doesn't matter what movement we're doing.  Yeah, it's a lot more intentional, you know, the approach to a lot of these movements. And again, and we kind of throw out their practice as being like one of the best examples of approaching workouts is we get the opportunity to take some of these common exercises and practice them and get better at them specifically in terms of how I'm performing that exercise, not necessarily just am I able to get through the workout or am I able to load more weight? It really, what was the quality of it? You know, how did I feel my way through it? Like where did the breakdown occur? You know, how can I improve that? So it's just like really taking a microscope back in and looking at the quality of how everything, you know, came together inside that workout. I remember when we wrote Maps Performance and one of the things that I would get is messages all the time is like, you know, how do I know what weight to choose? Or should I feel like I can do this and I can go heavier if I go there? I'm like, stop worrying about that so much and make the movement perfect. You've got a model on video there and I'd rather see you execute that movement with absolute perfection. No swaying to the left or right. No inability to get full extension or not being able to reach full depth. Like I care more about that than you, okay, hey, next week we add five or 10 more pounds to the bar. And so you just like to your mindset point, Sal, you have to go into the workout with that. Like you are, it's almost like an art. Like you want to make this workout look so perfect. And then you go. Over the amount of reps. Yeah, and think of it this way, right? Exercises all have a value. And in order to maximize the value of an exercise to really get everything that it can offer you, your form and technique and control has to be really good. So you could do a barbell squat and let's say the max potential of a squat is 100. And because your technique and form and control aren't great, you're only ever gonna get 50, no matter what, no matter how much you squat, no matter how often you squat, no matter how much weight you add on the squat bar, you're only gonna get 50 versus maximizing the technique, the skill and the control of it where you can now maximize the potential of that squat, which is tremendous. So to use another example, right? If you're a boxer, the result of your punch or at least what you're looking for is to knock someone out. So I want to be able to throw a punch and the goal is to knock someone out. And so you could take two boxers and one guy could just lift weights and get as strong as possible, never perfect throwing a punch. The other guy can practice throwing a punch. Guess who's gonna punch harder, right? Guess what the result is gonna be from the person who practiced the punch versus the guy that just lifts weights and builds muscle. So you wanna maximize what all these exercises can do for your body. You wanna get really good at them. And that's what we mean when we say don't train for show, train for go. When you're going into the gym, this is the mindset. I wanna do this better. I wanna get better at the skill. Now, what's the carryover? Let's say you're not looking to be an athlete all the time, but this is something you're including in your workout routine. You're doing this for a six month period or a three month period.  Oh my gosh, the carryover is tremendous. It's absolutely, I don't care if you want a body build later on when you maximize now the effectiveness of each of those exercises that you can do anyway when you go body build. Now when you go do your body building routine, it just, you build muscle so much easier. Yeah, I don't know that like the parallel for me, I always go back to musicians and if I was to kind of compare it to a symphony where you have a collection of all these different instruments and it's very beneficial to hyper focus on one of those instruments to make sure that the sound quality and everything is at its upmost, at its best versus, but how does that play into the entire symphony? How does that overall sound, how's that quality? And so like in terms of performance, I look at it more as a symphony of like how all these parts are moving together in unison and what that's producing. Yeah, so beautiful. So let's talk about the foundational kind of physical pursuit. We've talked about this in the past and that really is strength. Now, why is that called the foundational physical? Well, first of all, does that mean it's the only thing you should focus on? No. But when we say foundation and what we mean is generally speaking, all things being equal if you get stronger, the other physical pursuits tend to improve. So if you talk about speed, if you talk about explosiveness, if you talk about stability, even endurance, if you get stronger, all of those things tend to improve. So this is a very important thing to understand. So one component, and I probably have to sell this the least, I think people listening right now, probably most people are interested in strength as a performance metric, but if that particular metric right there will contribute to all the others. So for example, a program that seems to be very specific like MAPS PowerLift, well, let's use that as an example, right? MAPS PowerLift is obviously, PowerLift is in the name, it's to train somebody for a powerlifting meet. Now, if that's all you ever do, that's fine, but if you use that in combination with other types of workout programs to train like an athlete, what MAPS PowerLift will give you, for example, is this incredible base of strength. You've got this kind of low gear. When I say strength in this context, I mean that low gear grinding strength because later on we're going to talk about other types of strength, but if you could build your strength capacity, squat, deadlift, overhead press, bench press, you know, those kinds of movements, you're going to see carry over into your other, you know, athletic pursuits. Maybe one of the most underrated programs that we have for an athlete, because most athletes would think of things that are more like explosive, dynamic, different planes, and you think, oh my God, powerlifting is like five exercises, sagittal plane, how, that's not an athlete. Like I don't want to do that, but to your point you're making right now, the amount of strength that you're going to build through that program, and that's why, you know, the idea is that that's just part of the program. That's a phase, right? A part, a portion of it, we are going to focus purely on getting as strong as you can in these major lifts that are then going to carry over into your athletic performance. I think it's just not one of the ones that someone would think would attribute to a lot of their athletic performance that I think would tremendously. Yeah, especially when we're talking about general athletic performance.  It's really interesting, I get these clients and, you know, sometimes it's hard to focus on tons of metrics, especially when they give me a short period of time, like, hey, I have 60 days, I'm gonna do this marathon, like how can you help me improve my performance? Sometimes all I would do is I would just get them stronger out of squat. Like, all right, we're just gonna get you strong. And then next thing you know, I remember one lady in particular, she was really into marathon, she liked to do two or three a year. This was her thing. She never really did proper resistance training. She hired me as a referral. She gave me 60 days, she was gonna do the New York Marathon, which is a big one. And she said, I wanna get faster, I've been stuck at this time, and I just like, I go around this time, it's like, I don't, I can't really beat it. All I did was get her stronger at squats. I mean, that was the main thing I focused on, squats and deadlifts. And she shaved a tremendous amount of time off of her run, and she couldn't believe that strength would do that. I'm like, well, of course, you're gonna fatigue far, it's gonna take you much longer to fatigue when you're really strong, especially when you start out the race, so it made a big difference. And I know, I'm probably the one that refers to generating force the most, because in biomechanics, this is something they talk about a lot about, how can I improve my ability to generate more force? It's all related to strength. And strength is that building block that you need, that's the very first element that you need to then push you towards maximizing all other pursuits. Now, that being said, it's a part of this training routine. You do not wanna get stuck in this one dimension, right? The sagittal plane of always training. Or just strength. Yeah, because then it could be detrimental, right? So there's ways to use this to where it'll add tremendous value, and then there's ways where this could set you back if you get stuck training like this. So it's very important that we also express your body in different planes of motion too. Very important, the best athletes in the world are not one dimensional, especially when you consider, what was that show on Netflix that you kept talking about Adam and then I finally watched the episode about Caitlyn Jenner. Oh yeah, untold stories. Untold stories. So I highly recommend it, it's on Netflix and it's the story of Caitlyn Jenner and she goes back to when she was Bruce Jenner and she was the gold, she wins the gold medal in the Decathlon in the Olympics and we beat the Soviet Union. It was a great story, Bruce Jenner at the time was like this huge American hero. There's all these home videos of Bruce Jenner doing back flips, skiing on one foot, water skiing on one foot, riding a bike, lifting weights. One thing you noticed about Bruce Jenner was he was just like super well rounded, almost looked like he could do anything. He was not one dimensional at all. There were so many dimensions to his athletic performance and of course if you look at the Decathlon competition, it does incorporate strength, power, endurance, that kind of stuff all in one. So when we're talking about not being one dimensional literally it means you want your body to be able to perform in many different ways. Speed, endurance, you wanna have that athleticism to move in different directions and be stable. So if you're one dimensional strength, you take someone that only does powerlifting, you get them to try to move fast laterally and they'll hurt themselves. Just throw a ball. Well even then you get like super specialized and focused. You're gonna get really good at that quickly and that's gonna be something that you hone in on but at the same time there's a limitation to that. And in terms of like how I've heard it described from a lot of world-class strength coaches, the exposure to a lot more variables allows your body to adapt and react to them and become a better athlete like for a longer period of time versus getting really, really good but with few variables involved. Yeah, so like for example, at MAPS Performance when we created that program one big component of it was proprioceptive ability and to be able to move in different planes of motion. So you had exercises that were more traditional like your squats and your presses but you had exercises that incorporated lots of rotation, lots of lateral movement. Contralateral movement. Contralateral movement, bilateral movements and bilateral meaning one leg or one arm at a time, contralateral meaning the opposite arm, opposite leg and movements that combined a few of these different things, right? So what do you get from doing that? You get a body that communicates very well with itself and you're in your body. So think about this for a second. Think about the exercises that you're really good at that you practice all the time. Then think of doing something that you never practice.  All of a sudden it's like you're in your body when you do the thing that you practice all the time. Then you do this other thing that you never train. This happened to me like a couple months ago. I went to go do some lateral leg, excuse me, sled drag. So I went to go drag the sled laterally and I was like tripping over my feet. I had to have Justin kind of help me with that technique. I was like a baby deer, you know, just being born. Like I don't know how to do this. Just unfamiliar, yeah. Totally unfamiliar because I was not privy in this particular dimension. Now what are the visual effects of being multi-dimensional with your, being able to express your athletic ability? A very balanced symmetrical physique. Think of the muscles that you don't develop because you don't move in a particular way, right? Think of the muscles that get neglected because you don't rotate in a particular way. It's all those areas start to get developed and you start to get this really nice kind of balanced physique. Now also think about this. If let's say you're somebody that's stuck at a particular exercise and you're like, ah, my deadlifts been stuck at this weight forever or for whatever reason, I've never been able to bench press more than this. What may be preventing you from moving forward is all the stuff that I'm talking about. Your body naturally has these safeguards that are in you that will stop your body from generating more force, lifting more weight or progressing any more forward because it detects risk of injury. You can only throw a ball as fast as your body thinks you can handle, essentially. You can only lift as much as your body thinks you can handle. And maybe the reason why you can't is because you're so one-dimensional.  Do you think the benefits of training this way is more neuromuscular than it is actually muscular? Do you think that like the communication part of all this is as far as it's carryover into athletic performance? Dude, huge. I'll give you a huge, I'm not gonna call anybody out, but there's a person that we know, we're friends with, very muscular, extremely strong person. And they posted a video. And then doing a lunch? Yes, now this person, again, I don't wanna call him out because I think they're an incredible, for their specific sport, incredible athlete, but this person could squat world record weights. And they went to do some lunges, which is a split stance exercise, right? And you could see, I mean, they were using a weight that I could lift, which, and I'm nowhere near as strong as this person, and you could see the instability because they don't have the neuromuscular connection. They have the muscle, the muscle's there, right? But they can't turn it on, they can't control it. And I think that's the important point to make is people, obviously, general population people are hearing words like bilateral, unilateral, contralateral, and they're going, okay, what's all, and you're saying opposite arm, opposite leg, moving, so then they're going, okay, well, what's the point? Why wouldn't I just train that leg, train that arm, train that leg, train that arm? Like, why am I doing these opposite things? And I think that- Well, here, can you pat your head by yourself? Yeah. Can you rub your tummy in a circle by itself, yeah? Do both at the same time? Right. All of a sudden, it's like really weird, we've all done that in school. It's a new variable, yeah. Because it's doing a few things at the same time requires a different level of neuromuscular communication and control and training in multi-dimensions is what creates this. Which, and this is such an important attribute when moving or being like an athlete, right?   You need to be able to rotate while simultaneously anti-rotating your lower half of your body or vice versa or allow for more fluid movement so that way I could propel a baseball while the rest of my body is super tight and rigid. And so it's just, it sounds very complicated. I mean, our bodies are complicated. At the end of the day, there's a lot of tasks that we're asking our body to produce at once. And to oversimplify it is difficult but there is a way to be able to simplify this down to what are those elements involved in improving performance of the overall body? Well, this is how you know when you have a good coach too that it is considering all these things when writing a program. I've seen trainers before write programs for athletes and it's just a bunch of plyometric work.  Let's combine all these strength exercises in a circuit that's athletic training. You know, that's how I think a lot of, there's a lot of athletes that were adopting in schools that were adopting CrossFit. You know, thinking that this is the best thing for these athletes because they're getting strong and they're working on endurance at the same time. You're literally doing another sport to get good at your sport. That's what that is. CrossFit is a sport. No, you're right, you're right. So I'm gonna train. It's like, I wanna get better at football so I'm gonna go play soccer. Will I get some benefit, a little bit, but I'd be better off if I trained my body for football. That's what they were doing when they were doing CrossFit. No, totally. I'm gonna follow another sport. I'll give you my personal experience with this because I personally have no interests in playing traditional sports. I really could care less if I go to the park. I rarely ever will take a baseball or football to the park when I go with my kids. We'll do other things. I could really care less, but here's where I get the benefit. So I love traditional resistance training exercises. I love squatting. I love deadlifting. I love pressing and rowing. And sometimes I get so caught up in these lifts that I neglect other dimensions. And every once in a while I have to remind myself, like, oh yeah, I should probably focus on that a little bit. And sometimes the reminder is pain. Other times it's a really hard plateau. But more recently, I'd say probably over the last, well, not now, because now I've kind of taken care of it, but about a year ago it was pain. Like I would squat heavy and deadlift heavy.  I couldn't figure out what the hell was going on. And so I said, you know what I'm gonna do? I'm gonna do all split stance unilateral exercises. I'm gonna throw in some lateral stuff. And I'm only gonna do that for a little while and see what happens. First off, my body started to look better. I actually started to develop more balance in the way my body looked. And then about six months later, when I went back to my bilateral exercises, right, my legs are together, my arms are together, more traditional exercises, I found out I was stronger. Like this was, it was great. Like I could squat and I'm like, oh my gosh, I feel so stable in my squat. My body's developing really well. So that's the, that's the carryover for somebody who really could care less about playing sports just wants to look good. Believe me, this will make you look better if you focus on this. Well now you're kind of alluding to like the next point which is, you know, addressing weak links. So I think that's another thing that's really important as far as prerequisites before we start training explosive movements. If you have somebody who's got this, you know, excessive internal rotation of the hip on your left side, but the right side's completely normal. And then you go ask that person to explosive jump boxes. What you're asking for is a potential injury.  And they're not gonna be able to train to be like an athlete if they're performing that way. So you first then have to unpack what's going on with the movement. Where's the disconnect? Yes, right. And then address the weak link so everything is firing properly and we're getting the most out of all those muscles. By the way, the term weak link, I know we throw that around a lot and people kind of know what it means, but here's what it literally is where it came from, right? Think of a chain and think of a chain that is towing something really heavy. That entire chain is only as strong as the weakest link on there. It's not as strong as the strongest. It's as strong as the weakest. If that link breaks, it doesn't matter that the other links can handle way more weight. Makes no difference. The chain broke, it's no longer functional. This is what we mean by taking care of weak links. So your performance could be an oftentimes, I don't wanna say could be, I'll say oftentimes if not most of the time, your performance is not hindered by your inability to generate maximum force or your big muscles can't, no, no, it's usually something else that is getting in the way.    It ain't gonna allow you to lift more legs. A lot of times, you know, your average gym person loses sight of that because it's fun because you see numbers going up and you're getting better at certain lifts and everything's going great muscularly.  But when you get back into the performance side and you start focusing on the movement, it really reveals itself as far as any restriction or pain or something that's not contributing properly, that's the weak link. That's what we need to really focus on to then go back and then propel those lifts even more. And this was really the inspiration behind Maps Prime. I mean, and we've talked a bunch on the show about this being our personal favorite because I think it took the most skill for us to do that. It's like, okay, how do we take a program that someone who wants to train like an athlete can take it and apply it to the routine? Somebody who wants to lose 30 pounds of fat, take it and apply it to the routine? How does somebody wants to build 15 pounds of muscle? How do we address weak links in everybody? Yeah, exactly. How do we address weak links in every single person and then give them something that would compliment any routine they would possibly do and then also yet individualize it for everybody so they could figure that out. So, and that's really the beauty of Prime. If you haven't gone to the free webinar that Justin did, it's absolutely free. He takes you through the three zones that we do in Maps Prime so you can get an idea. And the idea of this is that you go through the test, you figure out what your weak links are, you get the exercises that are supposed to address that and help that and that you build that into your routine.  Yeah, no, and you know what's funny? Of all the, it's the one we're most proud of, right? It's also the least sexy, right? So when I talk about any other workout program, it's like build muscle, boost your metabolism, burn body fat, get stronger, get faster. What's Maps Prime do? It solves your weak links, help you with mobility and everybody's like, whatever. You know what's funny? By far, it's the program that gives us the most positive comments. By far. And here's the part that's the most, I think, revealing. It comes from bodybuilders, strongmen, powerlifters. We have endurance athletes. We have specific athletes. Crossfitters, even. It's the one where, you know, Maps, one of our bodybuilding programs, like Maps Aesthetic or something, I'm gonna get a lot of people interested in bodybuilding who are gonna comment on that.  Weak links get in the way of performance, movement, they cause injury, they increase the risk of injury, and they get in the way of you developing the body that you want.  And limits your full potential. Another word for weak links, by the way, can also be lagging body parts. Like if you may think to yourself like, oh man, I really wanna develop my butt or I really want my hamstrings to look better because my quads overpower them. Like what you're actually probably looking at is a form of a weak link. You're looking at probably a muscle you to have poor connection over. And if you really wanna get those muscles to catch up, the first step is to not make it a weak link anymore, get your body to communicate to it properly so you could fire that muscle the way you want so it could develop. So this is where, again, when we created Maps Prime, that was the goal. And like Adam said, it's literally something you can add to any program. So it doesn't matter what your goal is, you do this kind of exercises or these kind of training on top of it and you'll see better results. Now the next part, and this is also very important, especially for athletics, is to have a bit of a gas tank. Most athletic performance requires you to repeat your performance. You need to be able to repeat what you just did a minute ago or maybe continuously repeat it. It's not just one time and then you're done. Although some sports like that most are not like that. A bigger gas tank literally means you can repeat your max performance again.  It's really about how quickly you can recover. I mean, that's what separates some of the best athletes in the world from just your average athletes is their incredible ability to not only perform at that highest peak performance, but to be able to replicate that very quickly right after that and have that type of gas tank and endurance within the allotted amount of time of the game. So this is a very important factor when thinking about athletes. Now I'm gonna tie this back to the very first point which was the mindset one too because this becomes really important here. Like a lot of people understand like, of course if you're an athlete you need to build stamina. Of course that's why people gravitated towards things like CrossFit because it builds tremendous stamina on it. But the general population that tries to train like an athlete that hears that or tries to apply that, where they miss is the breakdown in form over I'm just trying to build my thing. It's all about fatigue. That's right. And so I wanna caution anybody that is listening right now that when you hear that and let's say you're going through like a performance, mass performance actually has a portion of it that is endurance based, right? So to build your stamina. So the final phase is a lot of this. But I would be happier to see a client who maybe didn't increase their speed on the treadmill or get it something done faster. I would rather see them perform it under fatigue with beautiful form still. So when that breaks down that's where you gotta learn to kind of shut down. Does that make sense? Absolutely. Yeah well this goes back to our original point in the beginning where we're trying to focus more on the intention and the quality of the movement. Not just getting through the workout. Not just getting through the reps. It really is at its utmost importance to understand where that breakdown occurs and that's when the quality of your form breaks down. Well okay here's the bottom line. If it's just about fatigue it doesn't matter what exercises you do. I hate to break it to you. You don't need fancy exercises. You could do jumping jacks and it will give you the same benefits as you doing shitty form on six other exercises. It doesn't matter what you do if your technique and form is out the window. Okay but if your technique and form is good now you're gonna reap tremendous benefits from training to get a better gas tank. Now it makes sense why you would do a lunge in this particular movement. Why you would do a press. Why you would do something that included some rotation or some kind of a split stand squat. Now it makes sense but if it's just about fatigue and form is out the window I've seen so many trainers do this in gyms. I see them taking through their clients through. By the way this is how high intensity interval training got bastardized. Here's what happened okay. High intensity interval training originated as a form of athletic training to improve stamina and improve form and technique under fatigue. This is how it got invented. Now how it got bastardized is a study came out that showed that it was a great fat burner. So next thing you know everybody's like cool I'm just gonna do this to burn body fat and I'm just gonna, and the goal is just to sweat and get as tired as possible. Quick easy fat burning. And hit training became garbage. It absolutely became garbage. Nobody does it right. It's a waste of time. You might as well again you don't need your trainer to do this. Just go at home and run in place. You'll get the same benefits. Real high intensity interval training. Real hit training. It combines the right exercises. So programming matters. Uses resistance as a way to augment. It's not just about moving around in circles and doing a bunch of activity but rather incorporating some kind of strength training into this because you wanna have strength while you build this gas tank. And there's an emphasis on form and technique which means although the goal is to push that capacity it's also to rest when appropriate because when form goes out the window, you're done. Stop for a second and let's try again. I have a visual that comes to mind that I saw not that long ago with my nephew's basketball team. And the desired outcome right of this exercise that they're doing is to get the kids to learn to get in that perfect defensive stance.  And the problem with that is they're focused on the time and getting the kids to do that and they're working on pushing them through fatigue. But what you notice starts to happen is about 15 seconds in the kids are starting to round their back their asses start coming up but they're still doing the exercise. It doesn't matter. It now defeats the purpose of why they are putting the- Not reinforcing bad patterns. That's right.  So- Yeah, because when you teach passing from a bad position, you're wasting your time. And that's exactly what you're doing by pushing through that. And that's the same thing that happens when you go in and you train these exercises as soon as you start to break down form but you keep pushing through in pursuit of building your gas tank or stamina you defeat the purpose of that movement. You take it to that fatigue exhaustion and where that fatigue exhaustion sets in is the breakdown of form. Not when you can't move anymore. And I think there is a lot of people that don't grasp that. You see a lot of coaches- There's a big misconception around that. Big time. Look, training your body wrong is not great. It's not great to train your body really wrong. So it's really important to do it right even if you're training to improve your stamina which requires that you push into some fatigue that you feel some of that burn that you're gonna be a little bit gassed out. Even if you do that, you still need to place an emphasis on technique and form and you still need to have proper exercise programming. If anything, I'll even make the argument that that kind of training, that high intensity interval training requires more special emphasis on programming than other kinds of workouts because you get away with less. You get away with less. You have a smaller margin of error when you're doing hit training and you do oftentimes with other types of training. Well, there's a reason why it was one of the last programs we developed. 100%. It's why it's the only program that has a warning on it is because of that. And we know how popular it is too. And it, yes. Came out with that. It was a number, it still is. I think it still holds the record for a launch. Our marketing team would have loved to have had us release it sooner, but we didn't want to. No, we won a prerequisite first. Yeah, we knew it would sell more but it was like that we have to teach the audience how to train their body properly before we just throw them at the routine that everybody wants to do. And that's the unfortunate part. And we can't control every single person that bought and followed that program. But the truth is, I know for sure there's people that bought that program and we're doing it and not following all these things that we're saying right now. And that's just important. Now here's a wonderful side effect of hit training. So I'm gonna sell it a little bit. It does burn a lot of body fat.  But only is effective in that way if you do it the way we're talking. Otherwise, again, it really doesn't matter what exercises you do. All right, lastly, let's talk about the ultimate expression of physical performance, right? This is what makes athletic, sports athletic. This is the athletic part of it, right? Explosive. Is fast strength, explosive strength. Now, why is that the ultimate expression? Because it requires ultimate control. It's one thing to move with maximal force slowly. That takes some skill and you definitely don't want to hurt yourself. But now do it as fast as you can.  But that's also, again, the ultimate expression of athleticism. If you're strong and fast, what was that quote? I think it might have been, what was Mike Tyson's first coach, D'Amato or I don't remember his name. I think he said, fast and strong equals dangerous. Like if you're fast and strong, oh boy, now you gotta watch out. Now what's the benefit to the average person listening to get fast and strong? Oh yeah, your everyday life is... Okay, to be dangerous. That's a good attribute. You are dangerous, but also everyday life becomes risk-free. Think about that, right? You're walking on the street. Oh, your foot goes off the curb. You're okay. Your kid falls. Gotta catch what's happened to me the other day. In fact, my son was playing on the couch and I was watching him and his dad instinct kicks in. My wife watched it, which was great because I got to show off a little bit. He goes and he almost falls headfirst off the couch and I boom with one hand caught him. I mean, that right there, those kinds of things in everyday life. Oh, it prepares you for those variables that inevitably are gonna come your way. That's just it. Like you're gonna slip in the shower. You're gonna reach back really quickly. Like anytime something that has some kind of emergency involved in it, like it's gonna be super fast and you wanna make sure that you don't like just rip your arm out of socket. Well, and if you don't train this, you lose this. And I... You totally lose it. If you've been listening to the podcast long enough, if you heard me share the thing it was last year, maybe a little bit before last year when I talked about this. And it was just simply because I had not had a lot of explosive training in my routine for a long time. I consider myself a, you know, weekend warrior type athlete. So I'm pretty athletic and can do this stuff. And I remember jumping out of the back of my truck just second nature because I've done that a thousand times before but I hadn't done that in a really long time nor had I trained anything explosive. And I have the leg strength I was squatting 400 pounds or so around that time. And I jumped out and I thought my knees were going to explode when I landed on the ground. And it scared me for a minute. And what scared me about it was that, wow, this is something that I just naturally reacted and did because I thought I could do it. Because you remember, right? You jumped out of the back. Yeah, exactly. And so I didn't, but because I stopped training that ability for my body to be expressed that way, it definitely caught me off guard. And then what did I do the very next day in the gym? I was training those movements again. Also, I mean the top two reasons why people work out anyway, right? Number one, you want to look good. That's the most common for sure. But the second one is you want to feel good. And I'm going to tell you something right now. There's been times in my life like when I was very heavy into judo and wrestling where I was doing lots of explosive training, okay? That's the best I ever felt my entire life just in everyday life. When you're moving and walking and doing stuff and you've got that capability to be explosive, I don't need to be explosive but everything else is easy. That's like super effortless. And I feel like I can just jump out of my clothes if I want at any moment because I have that speed. All that restless energy I've found is just gone. Towards the end of the day too, I sleep better. Sometimes just expressing your body at that type of capacity, it just really does, it calms you down. Totally. So the value of training like an athlete is tremendous for anybody regardless of what your goals are. Now here's what we did with this particular episode because we named so many of our programs and if you got each of them individually, I think we named MAPS Prime, we named MAPS Powerlift, MAPS Performance, MAPS Hit. If you got all those individually, you're looking at, I don't know, $600 or $500, something like that. So here's what we did. We actually put them together just for this episode. So this is not something that we do ever. This is just specifically for this particular episode in what's called the Extreme Athlete Bundle. So what you get is lifetime access to MAPS Prime, MAPS Powerlift, MAPS Performance, MAPS Hit. This is how much you get them all for, okay? One payment of $149.99. So it's a huge, huge discount for all of these particular programs. And again, you get lifetime access. If you're interested in this, go to mapsextreme.com. That's M-A-P-S extreme.com. Look, if you like our information, head over to mindpumpfree.com, check out all of our free guides. Also you can find us all on Instagram. You can find Justin at Mind Pump Justin, me at Mind Pump Sal and Adam at Mind Pump Adam. Thank you.


Hello everyone. Namaste. Welcome to the topic of special antennas that is smart antenna. Learning outcomes. At the end of this video you will be able to define smart antenna. You will be able to explain types of smart picture. Okay, what is smart antenna at all? In the types of antenna I talked about smart antenna, what it is? So, what is smart antenna? Let us see what it is. Smart antenna also known as adoptive array antennas. So, as name indicates adoptive and array means the antenna elements put together is then array is forms an antenna array. Adoptive is adjusting the pattern of the array. So, its name is adoptive array antenna. So, smart antenna also known as adoptive array antennas. The this concept of adoptive array antenna will be much clear when I explain you the working and with the examples. And digital antenna array is also the name for smart antenna. Also there are the names as multiple antennas and it is also recently called as MIMO multiple input multiple output. Antenna arrays with smart signal processing algorithms are used to identify the spatial signal signatures which is direction of arrival signal. So, the arrays are used with signal processing algorithms for detection of direction of arrival of signal. So, these are used to calculate beam forming vectors which are used to track and locate the antenna beam on the mobile or target. Smart antennas are different than reconfigurable antennas. Most of the times it happens that reconfigurable antennas are confused with smart antennas, but they are different from smart antenna. Both of them have similar capabilities, but the single element antennas are called as reconfigurable antennas and not the antenna arrays. So, when it comes to antenna arrays it is a smart antenna, but it comes to simple element then or a single element antenna then it goes it comes to the reconfigurable antennas. What is the objective of the smart antenna? The objective is to maximize the gain in the desired direction and another objective is to minimize the gain in the direction of interference. So, in the direction of interference we are going to nullify or we want the null or we want the minimum radiation, whereas in the direction of maximum gain where in the direction where the actual target is there in that direction I want the maximum gain. So, here smart antenna when I say as I am saying we want the maximum gain in the desired direction if this is the desired user. So, in this direction we want maximum gain whereas in interfering user we want null in that case. So, that is what is the requirement of the objective. Working of smart antenna, technical aspects involve number of elements fade with the signals which are adoptively processed. So, there are number of elements that means the antenna array those are fade with the signals which are adoptively processed which are processed adoptively one after the other in space and with the space time filtering types of smart smart antennas. So, there are basically two types of smart antennas adoptive array antenna and switched beam array antenna. Let us see first the adoptive array antenna. It is the core system component in mobile networks. Adoptive array antenna is a core system component in mobile networks. Adoptive array as the name is there adoptive it allows the antenna to steer the beam to any direction of interest while simultaneously nulling the interfering signal. So, adopting in the sense what it is allowing or steering the beam in the direction of interest and nullifying the or nulling the beam in the direction of interfering signals. This adoptive antenna array can track and locate the signals. Here the diagrammatically it is shown where you can see these are the antennas and this is the these are the weightages provided to it all sum together there is the adoptive algorithm is there. The output of this is the beam forming signal. This beam forming signal given here and whatever desired signal is given here. The error signal when fed to adoptive algorithm the adoptive algorithm will adopt in such a way that it provides the maximum gain in the desired direction and null in the interfering direction. This is what is the adoptive array antenna system. So, it can locate and track the user signals that is users as well as interference is it can customize an appropriate radiation pattern for each individual user. So, for each user it can create or customize the radiation pattern. Now, let us see the difference between what is the difference between the conventional array and beam forming array. See if this is the radiation pattern of one antenna this is radiation pattern of the other antenna likewise these are the individual radiation patterns. So, if I see all the antennas radiation pattern this is a complete one it is a case of conventional array. But if I say this is of the beam forming array. So, the beam forming array is making the radiation to increase or the more is the gain in a desired direction where the main beam is where the target is in that case you can see the main beam you can see the larger lobe you can see the higher gain. Whereas, in other directions you can see the side lobes which have very less gain. So, this is the difference between the conventional array and beam forming array in terms of radiation. Another type of the antenna which is a switched beam array antenna. As the name itself indicates switched beam that means the radiation beam is getting switched. So, switched beam array antenna have several fixed beam patterns and only the decision need to be made which beam is to be accessed at a given point of time. The aim of the switched beam system is increasing the gain according to the location of the user. So, based on the location of the user increase the gain of that particular beam let me show you diagrammatically. So, these are the multiple beams that you can see, but only active beam is this one. This is for these beams are formed due to antenna array and this is the here if user is there this beam is active at a particular point of time. So, multiple fixed beams with one beam turned on towards the desired signal that is the switched beam antenna or switched beam array or I can also say single beam is steered to the desired signal single beam is getting steered to the desired signal. Comparison between switched and the adaptive array antenna if I see you can see here switched beam array antenna will be giving the maximum gain for the desired user for interfering users or for interference it is there are the minor loops, but in case of adaptive scheme you can see the for the desired user the maximum gain is there, but at the same time for interfering users there is a null. So, that is what is the adaptive scheme. So, it is adopting in that way. So, this is the difference between the switched antenna and adaptive array antenna. You can see here based on the criteria I can differentiate between switched beam and adaptive array. So, here on based on the integration switched beam is easy to implement it and it has a low cost. Whereas adaptive antenna array system the trans receiver complexity is there so that the cost is high and hard less hardware redundancy is there in adaptive arrays. Based on range and coverage if I compare switched beam has more coverage compared to conventional system and less coverage compared to adaptive array. Whereas adaptive arrays more coverage is there compared to switched beam system. If I talk in terms of interference rejection there is a difficulty in the switched beam in distinguishing between desired signal and interferer and does not react to the moment of interferers. Whereas in adaptive array as you have seen in the lobe also focusing is narrower and it is capable of nulling the interfering signals as I have shown in the previous slide here it is capable of nullifying the or nulling the applications are the different applications are mobile communications, cellular and wireless networks, satellite communications, wireless sensor network, military application and electronic warfare these are the different applications of smart antenna. These are the references used for preparing this video. Thank you.


Ladies and gentlemen, the President of the United States. Thank you. Thank you and please be seated. We're here today to welcome into the cabinet the new Secretary of Labor, a woman of uncommon experience and competence, and a woman who will continue the tradition of strong leadership that the Department has known under Bill Brock, a woman who has won my full confidence and support, Anne McLaughlin. Anne McLaughlin has had an outstanding career, both in private industry and government, where she's held senior positions in the Environmental Protection Agency, the Treasury Department, and the Department of the Interior. And she'll give the Labor Department decisive and forceful leadership. And besides, if she's handled Anne McLaughlin this long, she can handle anything. You know, the Labor Department collects many of our statistics. And since coming to Washington, I found the statistics can be a little slippery in case you're wondering, that's my way of sliding into a story. It's about a lemon-squeezing contest at a state fair. First man got up and he was strong. He picked up the lemon and squeezed and squeezed and got out 80 percent of the juice. The crowd applauded and he pulled open his jacket and on his shirt it read Body Builders Club. Next man got up and he looked even stronger. He squeezed and squeezed and he got out 90 percent of the juice. The crowd cheered and he pulled open his jacket and his shirt said Police Athletic League. The final contestant got up. He was thin and scrawny and slouched and a little weak-looking, picked up the lemon and began to squeeze and out came 150 percent of the juice. Pulled open his jacket and his shirt said State Association of Statisticians. Since I've come here, though, I've found that some statistics aren't lemons. One I've been talking up lately has to do with America's economic growth. In just three days, the employment figures will come out for October. We don't know exactly what they'll be yet. We haven't had enough of an idea to know one thing. They'll make it official, 59 months of uninterrupted expansion. On November 6th, our expansion will enter the history books as the longest peacetime expansion on record. The Labor Department has been among those tracking what has meant to be America's families. After years on a falling roller coaster, family income has been rising sharply. We've created more jobs in this recovery than Europe and Japan combined. Nearly 14 million jobs and that's been almost a quarter of a million a month. For a while we heard some saying that, well, yes, there are a lot of jobs, but they aren't good jobs. They called them McJobs. Everyone gets them, but there's not much to them. Well, then the Labor Department did some studies and found that nearly two-thirds of the new jobs have been in higher-paying occupations, only 10 percent in lower-paying, low-skilled service occupations. Over 90 percent of the new jobs are full-time. In short, these are jobs that are better-paying, more challenging, and more rewarding. This has been an expansion for all seasons and all Americans. For example, in the last five years, black employment has shot forward twice as fast as white employment. Since 1982, the real income of black families has grown almost 40 percent faster than white income. And the share of black families in the highest bracket is up by over 70 percent. This August, the percentage of blacks employed was the highest in our history, as was the percentage of whites. One authority on economic trends has written for this record. On every front, jobs, income, even household wealth, 1981 through 1986, were the five best economic years in black history. From New York to Dayton to the West Coast, we've heard stories of labor shortages as unemployment has fallen and the competition for workers has become more intense. Manufacturing has come back strong. In old industries like steel and new ones like computers and semiconductors, productivity and production have grown strongly in the past year. This is in part because exports are on the rise. In fact, since I was sworn in for my second term, total real exports have been growing at a powerful annual rate of over 8 percent. America is doing business in every corner of the world, and more than 10 million American jobs depend on international trade. Now, that's the good news. The bad news is that in the last few weeks, the stock market has been telling us that unless we pay attention to some unfinished business, it won't last. And while the market today is still more than twice what it was when it began its climb five years ago, higher even than it was at this time last year, this is one warning we can't afford to ignore. There are times when partisan rivalries must be put on the shelf, and that's just what the leaders of Congress and I did last week. We began talks about how to reduce our nation's budget deficit. We'll be building on what we did last year when we cut the deficit by $73 billion, nearly one-third of what it was in 1986. This year, the goals are less ambitious, but if we meet them, deficit spending will have been knocked down by roughly 40 percent in just two years. Many economists have been warning us to tread softly. Just last week, the New York Times ran a front-page story headlined Parallelous Economic Cures. It noted that new taxation, for example, could, as the article said, chill the economy, reduce personal and business incomes, and thus lower tax receipts. Well, I've said that everything except social security is on the table in these talks. One way or another, we're going to put the public menace of deficit spending behind bars. It won't be easy, and like Sergeant Esther House of the Old Hill Street Blues precinct, I send negotiators of both sides to their beats each morning with the warning, let's all be careful out there. So yes, there has been a lot said about the twin deficits, budget and trade, and that the possible cure may be worse than the disease. On the trade front, there are those who feel now is the time to close the door and pull down the shade to our trading partners to isolate ourselves in a darkness of protectionism. Well, the signs from Wall Street stay just the opposite. I'm pleased to announce today that 38 courageous men and women in the United States Senate have signed up to fight for America, to fight for jobs and continued growth, and to lend their support to our efforts to make sure our trade message remains one of openness, fairness, and yes, productiveness. As we move to solve the budget deficit in preparing America for the 21st century, one of those I'll be looking to for advice and help will be Anne McLaughlin. So Anne, welcome to the team, and now it's your turn. You have a few words to say. Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you very much, Mr. President, for those kind words and for the trust that you have placed in me today. Now I look forward to working with the Senate on my confirmation process. Mr. President, when I left your administration earlier this year, I had no idea that I would be back so soon. I've heard a lot about the revolving door between government and the private sector, but this is a record breaker. Let me illustrate. Congress first created the Bureau of Labor as part of the Department of Interior in 1884. The Department of Labor was then created in 1913. Now that's 29 years. It took only seven months for you to transfer me from Interior to Labor. This is indeed a very special privilege which I cherish and which makes me feel both very proud and humble. Hardworking women and men built America. The Department of Labor was founded to protect and promote their welfare. To have the honor, if confirmed to be Secretary of Labor, will be to have a special bond with each of these American workers to be able to assist them is a singular responsibility because it is in our daily work that we find some of our greatest opportunities for good. As the second woman to undertake this position, I'm indeed aware of the challenges.  But one of my predecessors, Francis Perkins, the first woman to serve as Secretary of Labor, and in fact the first woman to serve in a president's cabinet, was once asked whether being a woman was a disadvantage in public life. Only when I am climbing trees, she said. And that was before blue jeans. So I have no reason to feel disadvantaged at all. Mr. President, thank you again for asking me to join your cabinet as Secretary of Labor. This is a great honor and an extraordinary opportunity for service. I will do my best to fulfill its obligations. Thank you. Now about your TV show.