In the Middle Ages, there were three successors really of the Roman Empire. There was the Frankish Empire in the West, the empire founded by Charlemagne. There was the Caliphate which, although it defined itself against Christendom and the Romans, nevertheless was very much built on the rubble of the empire in certain ways, modelled on it. And between those two great empires was a third, and that empire really had the greatest right of all to describe itself as Roman. And that was the empire that we call Byzantium after the name of the Greek city that was refounded by Constantine the Great, the first Christian Roman emperor, as Constantinople. And although we call the peoples of that empire Byzantines, they called themselves Romans, albeit in Greek. And there is a sense in which calling them Byzantines obscures the degree to which, more than any other state in the Middle Ages, Byzantium was the Roman Empire. The Byzantines saw themselves not merely as guardians of the Roman past, but the inheritors of a glorious Christian future. Their empire, they believed, was destined to last for all time. And yet there was a problem with that, which was that it was evident that their power was not what it had once been. And so the Byzantines found themselves engaged in a constant war of attrition against the superpower to the east, the empire of the Caliphate. And the way in which the Byzantines rationalised that was to cast themselves and the Saracens as kind of twin eyes, twin poles, the great rival empires, the only equal that the Byzantines were really prepared to acknowledge. To the west, of course, they did face another empire which cast itself as Roman, and that was the empire of the Franks. Now the attitude of the Byzantines to that empire was altogether more condescending than it was towards the empire of the Saracens. Tensions between Byzantium and the Latin West existed on two levels. First of all, there was the religious dimension. Even though the Bishop of Rome, the Pope, had at one point been a subject of the Byzantine empire. The weakness of Byzantium, the failure of its attempt to keep hold of Italy meant that the Pope was obliged to look elsewhere for a patron, and he turned to the king of the Franks. And by doing that, a further dimension of rivalry was introduced, which was political. And these rivalries, both political and religious, grew increasingly poisoned over the course of the centuries that followed in particular the coronation of Charlemagne as a rival emperor in AD 800 in Rome. In the new Rome, this was regarded with a mixture of disdain and horror. In the centuries that followed that, particular rivalry was focused on that between the Pope and the patriarch of Byzantium. And in 1054, things came to a kind of head. That is the date that is conventionally given to something called the great schism, the sense that there being an irreparable rupture between the Latin and the Greek churches. That's slightly to oversimplify it, but there's no question that the increasingly uneasy relationship between the two churches that had existed throughout the early Middle Ages became altogether more poisonous in the high Middle Ages. And then a further dimension that complicated relations and indeed poisoned it was that with the launching of the Crusades, which were originally launched as a result of an appeal from the Byzantine Empire for Latin assistance against the Turks. In the wake of the Crusades, the eyes of Latin adventurers were opened up to the riches on offer within Constantinople and particularly its western provinces. And with the military strength that they brought, they also brought an increasingly lupine appetite for the splendor and the wealth that Byzantium offered. And so the paradox is that when finally the great walls of Constantinople stretching almost 12 miles, widely regarded as impregnable, when they were finally breached, they were not breached by a Muslim enemy, they were breached by the Christian knights of the Latin West when in 1204 Constantinople finally fell.


In a previous video I was talking about archive.org and they're way back machine where they archive websites And you can go back to certain dates and see what pages look like websites look like on those dates And I showed you how to get them to make an archive of your current site. It's just you know Good thing to have these backups, you know to remember how the internet was as we move forward in time But it's not the only site that does archiving there's other ones out there And here's another example archive dot is archive dot is and here you can search and also Make archives or snapshots of your website. So again, for example, I can go filmsbychris.com and well before we make an archive, let's go ahead and search my page and You can see different dates. They don't go back as far as archive.org archive.org's been doing it for a long time But I come in here. I can see archives. They've made I actually just today made a archive of my home page and my scripts page Here I can see all the archives for my my domain and Of course, I can also you know create archives. So like for example, um, I Can go back to the main page here And if I've just made some changes to my website or if there's a Maybe a page on my site that isn't linked on the home page and I want to get that archived for example, I could do Well, I've already done it today, but I can go Scripts they didn't have an archive of my scripts page. I can click save and save that so and Let's just go ahead and actually Do that. Let's go ahead and save that You'll see here that it does start archiving it You know it starts crawling that page and pulls down everything that is linked to that page so that we can get an archive of that And once it gets that it will generate an archive and show us it. So this is just another option Here is what it looked like. Oh, I got an error on that page because um The link I meant to archive was films my chris.com forward slash scripts with an s I missed the yes and so they archived my error page Uh my 404 error page with the picture of my daughter, which is a good thing You know what 10 years from now 20 years from now, I might want to see this So it's a good thing that I got this archived. So That's it. Uh, I thank you for watching again. This is just another option. I hope you um, you know It doesn't have to be your site It could be someone else's site a site that you like that you want to archive for future reference You come here search, you know, see if it exists if they have current archives If not type in the page let them archive it Of course, you can always make your own archives with wget or something like that Um, but it does not hurt to have online backups that other people can search through as well And this is just one other option for doing that. I thank you for watching and as always I hope that you have a great day


Hey everyone, Joanne from Art Resin here. Anyone who has worked with resin will tell you it is sticky. So I'm here today with our top tips for keeping your work surface, your tools, and yourself clean while working with resin. Let's get started. So everyone's heard the expression, it's all in the prep work. And the same is true when it comes to working with resin. So the first thing you're gonna wanna do is to wear an apron or old clothes to protect your clothes from resin drips. And that goes for your shoes as well. I can't tell you how many drips I've had on socks and shoes over the years. And the next thing you're gonna wanna do is to make sure you're wearing gloves anytime you're handling the resin bottles, you're pouring or you're cleaning up to prevent your hands from a sticky mess and from possible skin irritation as well.  And that's what you need to get started. The next thing you wanna do is to protect your work surface from any resin drips or spills. So resin doesn't stick to plastic so a silicone mat works really well, but you can also use parchment paper and it works really nicely for small projects. We also like to use a shower curtain because it's inexpensive and it's nice and thick and sturdy and it can be reused again and again. Now, if you do a lot of resning like we do, you might wanna invest in one of these. A big old roll of plastic and this will last you for ages. And don't forget, keep a roll of paper towel and a spray bottle of alcohol close by in case of any accidents. From stir sticks to spreaders to measuring cups, plastic tools make clean up a breeze when you're working with epoxy resin and who doesn't love an easy clean up? Now you've got two choices when it comes to cleaning off your plastic tools. The first is to use paper towels to remove as much resin as you can and then spritz with denatured alcohol to remove any remaining traces of resin. Repeat these steps as often as necessary. When there's no more residue left, wash your tools in hot soapy water and allow to dry thoroughly before using them again. Or you can layer wet tools on a plastic surface overnight and allow the resin to cure. The next day the resin will peel right off. Now be aware that resin doesn't pull off of all types of plastic equally. It pulls off much easier from this bendable polypropylene type of plastic as opposed to this brittle acrylic type of plastic. The kind that would probably crack if you dropped it. Here, let me show you. So I've got a measuring cup here. This is polypropylene with some resin from yesterday and I'm just gonna show you how easily this pulls out. It's nice when it comes out in one pull which happens sometimes. Yeah, there you go. This is absolutely clean inside and I can use this right away. Okay, so here's the other one. This is this acrylic type of plastic. So it still peels off. It's a little bit harder than the other one and it's still all stuck inside. I don't know if you can see how shiny it is. It broke apart and there's a really thin film here and you really have to get a sharp tool and kind of dig it out. So if you wanna keep life easy, I'd really suggest using this softer bendable polypropylene type plastic for your measuring cups. Now the best way to keep your hands clean is to wear your gloves anytime you're handling resin.  An exfoliant hand cleaner from the hardware store works really nicely but in a pinch, you can make a scrub using poppy seeds or salt and some liquid soap to remove the resin. Then rinse your hands well with hot water. And remember, never use alcohol or acetone or even vinegar to remove resin from your hands. It can break down the resin which allows your skin to absorb it and we don't want that. Now let's talk about how to clean up resin drips on the back of your piece. Now the best way to avoid them is to tape off your piece before you resin with a good quality painter's tape. As gravity pulls the resin down the sides, drips are gonna start to accumulate along the bottom of your piece. The tape is gonna catch these drips and once the resin's dried at the touch, you can pull the tape off and the drips right along with it. Now if you don't use tape and it's within the first 24 hours, you'll be able to flick them off with a utility knife. If it's after 24 hours, you can use a heat gun to soften the resin up and pop the drips off with a scraper. You can also use a sander or a dremel tool to get rid of drips. Just make sure you wear a mask so you don't breathe in the sanding residue. Now from time to time accidents happen and you might find yourself dealing with a resin spill. Now it's best to clean it up while it's still wet and before it cures. It's so much easier that way. You can use sand or even cat litter for really large spills, scraping up as much as you can and then cleaning up any remaining residue with acetone or alcohol spray. Now if you're dealing with a cured resin spill, you can try the heat gun and razor method and try and scrape it up and if you've got some really stubborn spots, you can try soaking it in acetone or alcohol but just be aware that that might damage whatever surface the resin is stuck to. So you've resin your piece and you've cleaned up and now you might find yourself with a little bit of leftover resin and hardener that you don't have any use for. But what do you do with it? Well first of all, don't pour it down the drain.  In fact, don't dispose of it in the liquid state at all. The best thing to do is to let the resin and the hardener cure together to form a solid and then you can just toss it out in the trash. Another option is to drain your resin and hardener into newer bottles. So you can either stack the bottles one on top of each other or if you feel more comfortable, you can use a funnel. Either way, once the bottles are drained and they're empty, you can put them straight into the recycling. But the fun doesn't have to stop there. We've got lots of tips on our website on how to use up leftover resin. So remember, anytime you're working with epoxy resin, it's easy to keep your tools clean, your work surface clean and yourself clean with a few easy steps. We hope you've enjoyed this video. Don't forget to hit subscribe and if you have any questions or any tips you'd like to share, please leave them in the comments below. We'll see you next time.


Lonnie, during shoot-around this morning you said that tonight was going to be different for you guys as a group. What was the difference for you guys? I'm our defense, our energy, just how decisive we are offensively. I think we just did a great job on both fans as far as locking in. And Cam Johnson started the game with, you know, quick 15 points, 9 straight, I mean 3-3s. So, you know, our guys got it going early. And, you know, our third quarter is usually where we struggle. And we actually had a terrific third quarter beginning. I think overall effort throughout the game was just present. When you look at the games that happened on the road trip where some of the 3s weren't falling tonight, it looked as if you guys weren't going to miss. What opened up for you guys from downtown and how are you able to establish and create so many looks? I'm just being unselfish. We know, like, in a pick and roll, what they're trying to do.   Cam had a couple corner 3s. You know, we know what their baseline is as far as defensively what they're trying to do.  What do you take from this game that's going to be important for another big match-up on Saturday? Defense, energy, and effort for the most part. When we're decisive, we're playing unselfish basketball. We got the ball moving and stuff and playing together. We can be a pretty tough team.


Are you the type to make a card the easy way or the hard way? I'm going to show you both of them today in my video using this Mama Elephant stamp set that's got these cute little penguins shaped like a tree in them. And I'm going to do the easy one first and it's going to be on watercolor paper, arches, cold press, painting the background upside down using some phthalo, green shade and some indian throne. So it goes from one dark blue into another one is brighter, one is duller and I wanted to create a nice mix between the two with a little transition in between. So I'm painting it upside down so I don't end up having to push the color, I'm pulling the color instead of pushing so just turned it upside down for that effect. And then did a little spraying, just a little spritzing and then worked with it a while to tip the color and get it moving on the paper because I wanted it to be relatively smooth. I didn't want the background to stand out and be super important. But a tip for you in drying it if you're going to use any kind of hair dryer or anything, try to dry it evenly. If you dry one section you could end up with creating a bloom in something that you worked real hard to try to get it smooth. So I love the moment of taking the tape off of anything because it gives you that nice crisp edge. I love that. So the background is done. That was super easy and super quick. You could also just use a piece of paper for that instead. And then I stamped the image onto the same watercolor paper so the whites would match and I embossed it with clear embossing powder and that's going to give me a little bit of a raised texture on it and I don't have to deal with little black flecks. I did fussy cutting. There is a dye. I didn't get the dye but I did fussy cutting and I've laid it down on my paper and anywhere that it's going to be blue sky behind it, I'm just going to paint those edges in the same blue, that same phthalo blue. And then hopefully no one will notice and if they do notice, guess what? They didn't deserve to get my card. So if you happen to be the one that gets this, you can't notice that. You're not allowed to and if you do, you're not allowed to say anything. So then I put some dimensional adhesive on the back of it, adhered it to my card. You could choose to go through and paint every little guy in here but I decided not to because this is supposed to be the easy way, right? This stamp set has so many little spaces in it. It's impossible to watercolor. I did try and that just was a, just a mess. It was just a mess. Even with embossing to try to hold it in and it took forever. And I decided if I was really going to spend time working with this stamp set and coloring every little bit of it in, I went for the medium that made most sense with this. I stamped with some no line ink onto drawing paper and this is my favorite Stonehenge drawing paper and it gives me a really nice texture. I wanted a soft card, something just really sweet and soft and something that looked illustrated instead of looking like, like a stamp. So I got out my Polychromos pencils and I just went to town with it. For all the penguin bodies, I used two colors. I used a warm gray and a black.  By that, I mean, whenever you have an area that you want to look lighter, then you need to put some darker right next to it. So see the little flippers on the penguin that's sitting on top of the head of the other one? I had to put black on the head so the flippers look like they're on top. And anywhere where there's a body that comes down and then there's a flipper that reaches out from it, you can put some shading and I'll show you a little close up in a minute. Put a little shading there and then it'll make that gray pop because it's next to black. And this is the same for any black animal.  Same way, use your grays and then create that contrast. You can see there's contrast under the flipper and then in that section above the flipper, which makes the flipper look like it's separated. It's not just one giant blob. Then I went through and worked on all of their little beaks and their little feet with, of course, yellow because every card I make, doesn't have to have yellow in it, isn't that kind of a rule of the universe? I think it is. But the really fun part about going to all the trouble of coloring each one of these individually with colored pencils is I had lots of time. And what I did with that time was to make up a story for each one of the penguins and name them. Some have more of a story than the others. Peter is the first penguin and he is totally a Christmas penguin. His grandmother made him his little scarf and she also made little gifts, knitted gifts for him to give out to his penguin friends. So he wrapped them up in little boxes. She's also the one that taught him how to decorate Christmas tree the right way. So he made sure to bring some ornaments with him to this little Christmas party that they were taking pictures of themselves at. Next is Penny. She's a card maker and she made a card with a fishbowl on it and little fish in it. And she's just trying to figure out who to give that one to. She's got a whole box of them hiding behind her. Next up is Pauly. Now Pauly is totally the ice fisherman in the gang. He is the one who gets everybody else together when it's time to go ice fishing. He's the organizer of the trips. He's the one to tell everybody who brings what when they're going out ice fishing.  I don't even know what they need. I'm not an ice fisherman, but Pauly is totally the guy to know all of the details and how to work all that out.  And the next three little guys are Papa Parker and Paisley penguin.  She just thinks wearing a Christmas hat is the best ever. They also love giving out gifts. So they have a whole pile of gifts to hand out at this Christmas party to everybody else. Piper and Paige, all they are are the sweets penguins. They just love their little candies. Poppy is the dress up penguin. Poppy is wearing Holly on her head and a bow tie because she could not decide which one was more festive. So she's ready to roll. Now Philip is Pauly's pal. And remember Pauly is the one who goes to do the ice fishing. Philip tries really hard. He's not a great fisherman. He's fishing with a star. I'm not really sure how that's supposed to catch any fish. Paris loves to wear her hat. She is the queen of fashion. Paisley is a hot cocoa drinker. You would not think it of a penguin, but there you go. And then here we go with another one of the penguins. This one is Paxton. And Paxton has a fish in the bowl. And the bait and everything is ready to roll unlike Philip. There's always the penguin that doesn't come prepared. And Paxton is always the one that brings extra goodies. Phoebe is a decorator, loves to decorate the tree, and has a really good fashion sense. Patrick is a singer. And he's got a deep bass voice. Have you ever heard a penguin with a deep bass voice? It's really shocking. Prince Pablo insists on being called Prince. And Piper loves wearing her little hat, sitting on top of the Christmas tree. So there's the penguins. I made up their little names and their stories. Now to make each one of these penguins separate from each other, I'm putting shading at the bottom of each one.  To just add a little bit of that color, you could also do that with gray. It doesn't have to be blue. And if you do that with each one of these penguins, then it just starts to look a little bit more dimensional and add a little bit more to it. Not that this is dimensional because it's not real, but it is what it is. Don't tell the penguins it's not real. They will have a fit. The whole party will be over. It will be a bad thing. So let's just keep that as a secret among us that this is not real. The background I actually did while I was on a Zoom call, I was on a really long Zoom call and we didn't have any video on. So no one knew that I was sitting there coloring and filming while everyone was talking. So it was really kind of a nice way to do double duty and get something done while I was also getting something else not done because I wasn't really doing much in that meeting. I was just sitting there coloring and listening to people talk about things that I didn't need to know about. And the background I decided on this card, I didn't want to use any blending solutions. Kind of even things out and all that. I love the texture of pencil. I always have, I started out in college as a pencil illustrator and that was just what I loved. So I don't tend to use the blending solution all the time and this is one that I decided not to. So peel off that tape, that delicious moment, those nice crisp white edges.  I go through a lot of these every year. I did buy a big box of them, so I have tons. And yeah, I'm adding snow in front of the penguins as well as behind them. So it looks like it's snowing all around.  Just trimmed the image down and popped it onto a card base. Really simple one, but it took me forever. And you can decide which one. Is it better to do the hard one or is it better to do the easy one? I don't know. I do some of each and you know, it is what it is. Let me know which one you would try in the comments down below and I will see you again in another video very soon. Supplies are all linked below as well as over on the blog. I'll talk to you guys later. Take care. Bye-bye.


Hello, everyone. Thank you so much for making time for this webinar. Sanjay Thir, I will be presenting on machine learning and product management and hopefully I can take half an hour of this day and give you something, give some action it was to you about me. I'm Sanjay, I've done my BA from NSID Delhi and my MBA from ISP Azirabad. I have around 13, 14 years of professional experience.  I was software developer for four years, currently I'm a group product manager with booking.com based in Amsterdam and I take care of their technical platforms and unofficially I'm an accidental MBA who is looking to reclaim his tech roots and hence the reason for this workshop. So why are we here? First thing to give you that is commensurate to your time spent here. Secondly, to come straight on our lockdown lives, things are improving, but we have done this dream before we know this right so please be vigilant. Please take care of your loved ones. And finally I will give you a flavor on the machine learning flavors and product management. So my plan is to take you through the life cycle of data in a typically dataware organization that most of our tech organizations are like now and give you the flavors where machine learning is increasingly becoming so important and where are the value gaps that our product manager can actually intercede and add value to his org. So firstly, let's finalize the terminology. Okay, so what is artificial learning, what is machine learning, what is deep learning, right? Let's start from the super set. Artificial learning artificial intelligence system is a program that can sense, reason, act or adapt. Know where it is and it's supposed to be a silicon based program. The artificial intelligence aims towards singularity, what we call the singularity, some being which is sentient, which can take decisions on its own. Machine learning is a subset of that. It's actually algorithms that are working together to speed a data set to a let's say a silicon based system so that the data learns over time. And deep learning is even a smaller subset, basically multivariate heavy data sets. Machine learning and deep learning as terms are used interchangeably. You see the view on the right, there are a lot of such means that machine learning is kind of a freak in this world. But yeah, but it is statistics but with steroids. So I would like to call this statistics on steroids. Why are we actually getting involved? Why is machine learning such a rage right now? So training data loops has been around for generations. I think the first machine learning people was written in the 50s. So what has changed? Why is suddenly product management, product management businesses taking so much interest in actually machine learning? Firstly, data global. Everything in anything and the sun generates data. We capture data every day. When we sign in, we sign out, when we actually order food on our app, we actually anytime we open our mobile. There's tons and tons of data being generated, petabytes of data being generated by you and me as individuals every day. There was a time that Moore's law used to say that semiconductor, the amount of chips nearly double every X amount of years, it is long dead. Computing power is commoditized right now. It's growing with the leaps and bounds. So the divide that was that between computing power and the benefit of the analysis that we get from the computing power is far actually outstripped. That's why machine learning is a very pragmatic solution. And thirdly, collaborative open source. All of us are working on gate. All of us can see what either each other is working on. The machine algorithms, the data science algorithms are also improving by leaps and bounds, hence the extent, hence the keen interest in machine learning in product management. What I will now do is take you through the ecosystem of a typically data bear organization from the generation of data to actionable of the data. And then what we will do is we will pick up each of these data sets, pick up each of these layers, and we'll finalize and we'll actually try to discuss, okay, what are the problem areas in each of these layers, and where product management comes into the future. So basically what we start for is data sources. Data sources can be internal, they can be external, they can be clean, they can be rough data. But mostly any kind of a tech-aware system, any kind of a data heavy or tech system can be broken down into these five layers. So you have data sources, data sources feeding into aggregation and aggregation layer. So the first layer, which is data source layer is called the formative layer. You're forming databases, forming data sets here. The second layer is data aggregation layer. It can also be the data representation layer. There's a lot of data representation that also happens at the aggregation layer. The third layer is the declarative layer. There's the machine learning declarative layer or the tools layer. Or for the developers among us, there's the MLOps layer. And the fourth layer is the applicative layer, where we actually see the applications of the machine learning algorithm get into picture. Where the actual application for machine learning, deep science, etc. are written. And the fifth layer is the actionable. One thing you should definitely notice, there's a horizontal observability and monitoring layer going across these rules. Any tech-aware system worth its salt today has monitoring or observability. And of course, with the advent of machine learning into tech, you see a lot of tools, a lot of product gaps being in that space as well. So we will briefly discuss on those as well. Cool. So let's pick the first layer, which is the formative layer. So machine learning formative layer. What are the product gaps that you can think from you, you and me as a product manager? This area is pretty well now. We have had data sets for a very long time. I think the big data that is we are getting right now is something new, not so much new. But we have had data sets for a very long time. So basically this area can be divided into three parts. Storage or the storage, basically data now. So there's different evolution of databases. We started with no SQL, RDBMSs for the old people among us. And you see a lot of evolution in databases. You have no SQL database, you have SQL database, you have RDBMS, you have graph databases. In case you're looking at a user-centered organization. Product evolution in this area normally happens in co-areas. So there's a lot of advent on quantum TVs right now based on blockchain TVs. So if you're building let's say an old TP kind of a use case, you should definitely evaluate them. So basically what is happening here is the product focus, the product market fit, the product gap that we have in storage is pretty very niche. And this is an integral, let's say a SaaS product manager working in that particular area. You are optimizing on very narrow fronts. So from a let's say 30,000 point of view, there is a lot of activity here. But maybe not enough to generate mass interest. The second is the data transformation layer. Of course, wherever data is, you need a transformative layer. Data can be presentable, data cannot be presentable. In that sense, you will see a lot of ELT, ETL transformative solutions present here. Of course, this is again an area for SaaS PMs as well, enterprise PMs. Because you're building a lot of SaaS and enterprise applications here. And the third layer is wherever you have data, you will have somebody kind of a qualifying layer for data access. So in that access, in that issue, you will see a lot of data access solutions, which are ever present across access control. They are pretty vanilla, all of us know SSO, etc, etc, identity and authentication. And those kind of solutions, those kind of product are also in demand here. Moving on to the second layer, which is the aggregation and presentation there. What kind of product gaps do we see here? We divide this product area into four basic divisions. First one is aggregation, basically aggregation of data. This is where data becomes big data, multiple data sets coming together. As you know, this has been a very hot area. Aggregation solutions, evolved data solutions, data leak, etc, etc. There's a lot of demand for these kinds of solutions. So there is a ton of activity in this area from a product management point of view. The second division is catalog. Wherever you have data, multiple data sets together, aggregation of data sets, big hits need a proper catalog. This is a very hot area right now. You will see a lot of solutions that are trying to solve this pain point present in the industry, properly cataloged, big data. The third thing that you see is analytics and visualization. This has always been presented. Then you have data. How do you visualize that data? How do you do analysis on this data? It's ever been perennial product stream. It has always done well. It is always improving and you will always see new product gaps here. So product manager should always be aware of this. And finally, we have search. It's the most vanilla use case. You have data. You want to search something with data has been present from eons. A lot of things have been solved pretty well populated. Unless and until you are bringing something totally new, I don't see much product gap here. Finally, we get to the MRA declaratively. So now your data is formatted. The data is presentable and aggregated. Now before you actually can build a machine learning model on it or machine learning application on it. What do you need is that data should be really labeled is a term that is used a lot in the machine learning algorithm. And what we are looking for is a machine learning ops machine learning tool platform that enables me that enables me as a data practitioner to be able to deploy and do work on the machine learning models in the best manner. And this is a very hot area right now. Any conference, anywhere you look, any market that you look, you will see that. Okay, the applicative layer, which is the next layer is pretty hot. Yeah, we need a lot of input into it. But the value differentiator right now in the industry is declarative layer. How quickly can you enable my data practitioners, my machine learning practitioners to actually deploy and learn from these models is the difference between an organization that is doing very well in machine learning and an organization that is sending one machine learning. But again, let's try to break this down. We break this down into four parts. First one is data preparation. So even a data is ready. Data is aggregated and presentable. Before I can actually feed it into a machine learning model, a machine learning loop. I need the data to be well labeled. And labeled is the industry that is used as we discussed. It means, and it requires a perennial pain issue. It's a perennial pain point or ML practitioner. There's ton of growth activity happening there. There is a lot of product gaps that you and me as product practitioners can actually look and exploit in this area. The second one is model builders. So, even though you have machine learning practitioners, knowing how to actually, knowing how to form these blocks, actually a model builder is a backdrop of any machine learning platform. This is like the platform of a platform, platform square, if I can say that. And there's a ton of activity here. There's always ton of activity. Of course, this is the first thing that any machine learning platform works at. But there's a lot of problems that can still add value. The third one is ease of deployment tools. Anywhere, anywhere you have a platform layer, you will always have ease of deployment tools. Productivity tools that can actually help the customer's job better. And you will see a lot of activity here as well. You will see a ton of productivity tools borrowing heavily from personal productivity tools as well, et cetera. But this is a nice idea. This is a good activity here as well. And finally, a lot of machine learning platform, machine learning declarative tools are also dependent on use cases. So basically, let's say if you are, let's say a Uber working on self-driving cars, a lot of platforms, the components that are built there would be specific to the problem cases you are solving. So there's a certain amount of standardization that you can see that, but there's a certain amount of specificity as well. Of course, this is a niche area, but always active. As in when we have use cases, this area would always be active. And finally, we get into the applicative layer. Frankly, this area is very vast, evolving and cannot be divided as such. I cannot divide it into A, B, and C. But what I can say is what is the evolution of this area moving to work? The reason why this area is evolving so much is because we have better theoretical models. Our scientific community is joining our papers. You see a lot of theoretical models that are making their way into the practical world. And actually seeing a lot of applications. A lot of applications are self-driving synthesisers. Your voice to artificial intelligence synthesis is a prime example that I think a lot of the use cases are being solved on this. So better theoretical models, of course. And this is where a lot of PhDs, a lot of deep science practitioners are getting actively booed in the industry. And this is where, this is why this area is getting us a lot. And of course, better deployment strategies. They are bridging the man machine medium. Whatever we are looking at from theoretical point of view, we are getting much better in deploying that onto a software kind or a hardware kind of a mechanism. Rapid prototyping and hardware being commoditized have actually benefited this a lot. And of course, that's the reason there's a lot of code. But from a product management point of view, are you actually bringing something to the table? You are identifying a machine learning, let's say value gap, a gap in the market. But is it you who is driving this? Actually, back to the book. So from a product management point of view, you are not really trying this. This is purely being driven by scientific community. And finally, we come to the observability and monitoring here. Everything in a tech-aware system is monitored and observed. I hope you guys know the difference. And this is a prerequisite of a tech-aware system. Each product layer has its own unique monitoring capability challenges, including machine learning. So there are solutions. There are unique solutions that only work on machine learning observability. And then there are solutions that will work for everything. Definitely, there's a product graph here. Which you or me or one of the product management practitioners should keenly look into. So what are the trend lines basically for tech PMs with this ecosystem that we discussed? The strongest trend line is that data and ML Ops is not going anywhere. There's a ton of product market fit that is still to be exploited. This says that we have reached a critical mass. It will only improve. Data is the new goal, as you can say. Data is a new oil. And so anything related to data, anything data like is here to stay. And data ecosystems are expanding. But as you can see, if you look at, let's say, the amount of tools that are coming up, some amount of consolidation can always be foreseen. There are strong trends, strong, strong trend lines for this as well. What are the weak trend lines? Does applicatively need a PM? What would project manager do? Does a PM really bringing value to the applicatively? I am still on the fence, but I'm ready to be convinced otherwise. And of course, always as you're dealing with statistics, the answer is statistically variant. I hope I didn't bore many people. So that is me. Thank you so much. I hope that really added value to you on your Monday. And if anything else, please reach out. I'm always available. I'm always a LinkedIn messenger. Thank you.


Okay, chloroplasts are the organelle that where photosynthesis takes place. And just like we looked at the anatomy of the mitochondria, we're going to look at the anatomy, close-up anatomy of the chloroplast. This is a picture, that was a tough word to come up with, of a chloroplast. And again, I want you to notice that there is an outer membrane, intermembrane space and an inner membrane. The intermembrane space is irrelevant for us when we're talking about the process of photosynthesis. I do want you to notice that the chloroplast also has its own DNA, its own ribosomes. The key structures that we're going to look at here are these flattened stacks of pancakes inside the chloroplast. So let's draw a picture because that's how my brain works. And we'll label the parts that are important for you to know. I do, wow, that's a huge chloroplast. Do you see that, yeah, it totally looks different than the mitochondria already, it looks very different. It does have its own cytoplasm. The cytoplasm in a chloroplast is called stroma. It also has those little stacks of pancakes. And so I'm going to draw them like this. They have space inside them. Okay, okay, okay, okay, that is very good. Look, I'm drawing more. Whoa, sure.  So you get the idea and now watch. The whole stack is called a granum. That's singular. Plural is grana. So I'm going to write that down too. Grana, like grandma, grana, grana is plural. So there are three grana in my chloroplast drawing and this is one granum.  And the phylocoid is a single pancake. This is a phylocoid. In this granum, I have one, two, three, four phylocoids. And I have a total of eight, nine, 10, 11 phylocoids in my drawing. There is a phylocoid space. Okay, I'm going to turn this into phylocoid space because look, I'm pointing to the inside of it and then I'm going to turn this into a phylocoid. Do you, I've told you that it's really similar to cellular respiration. You're feeling the love, like, oh, this space has some potential here. Maybe something, something's going to be happening inside my phylocoid. True story, I think those are all the pieces, ah, it's green. It's green for a reason, dog pounce. It's green because there are pigments embedded in these phylocoids. And whoa, there. Look at all my pigments. There are, I'm going to tell you what they're called. It's chlorophyll, chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is a pigment that's embedded in all and it's why my chloroplasts look green. All right, what's the point of a chloroplast? Remember that we're taking energy, light energy from the sun here and we're somehow turning that light energy into sugar, what? And that happens in the chloroplast. So, light energy, we have to take a second. We have to do a little aside on light and figure out what exactly is light in order to make this whole thing happen.


Okay, so welcome everyone after the break to this last semester and wishing you all a very blessed new year. I'd like to even welcome our e-learning students, welcome e-learning students, and just hope that this whole semester will be a good learning experience for all of you. So I was just talking to the online students and the in-person students and just telling, asking them, you know, how many of you are excited about this course?  So why do I even have to go through this course? So before I take your inputs on that, I would like how many of you love children?  How many of you love children? How many of you love ministering to children? So I can just see Arsha Rani's, only one student. Okay, thank you, Abhini. What about the others? Okay, Abhishek, thank you. Pratik Abhinaz. Abhinaz says, yes, I do. I know Abhinaz was part of our children's church ministry team. Pratik also ministers to children in schools. What about the rest of you? Okay, Maxin says, I love children for the sake of knowledge and understanding. I have to be trained in all children and youth ministries. Okay, thank you. That's a good way of looking at it. Maxin, it's very encouraging. Thank you. Sidhan Tarun. Yes, Tarun also was part of our children's church. He taught the children's church and now he has a son. So, yeah. Okay, so even though you think that this course might not be very relevant to you or helpful, but I would just like to mention here that you might not be ministering full-time with children or you don't see yourself in the future taking on full-time ministry or even teaching children or ministering to children.  Some of you are already parents. You have children. Some of you are very young and you have your knees and nephews. If you think that you don't want to get married, then, you know, you just still have your extended families with a lot of knees and nephews, children around or even if you, so you can, you know, you have to relate to them, minister to them.  So the basic knowledge that you would acquire here would, you know, help you to relate to them, how to speak to them, what are the challenges they face, what are the different, you know, developmental needs of children in different age groups, how you can relate to them in their specific age groups. So it will give you a better understanding. Of course, when you have children, you have to, you know, mentor them, train them up in righteousness and holiness, teach them, guide them. So this course can obviously help you do that as well.  So everything is under your purview, under your jurisdiction. You have to, you know, do things to make it grow. So, you know, this course can basically help you maybe even teach people in church who are going to take on a children's ministry or just give you a basic idea how to run a children's ministry, how to minister to them effectively.  So I'm just giving you a good intro to this so that you are excited, looking forward to learning and keeping your mind open and would enjoy learning through this course. Okay. So we are going to start off by looking at the biblical basis and the mandate for children's ministry. So sometimes we think that are children important to be ministered to the very early age? You know, is children's ministry important? Is ministry to children important? Is there a biblical basis to that? So we're just going to look at it in this class and maybe in the next class as well. So before we look at the biblical basis and mandate for children's ministry, we will just pause for a word of prayer. So can one of you please lead us in prayer please? Anyone? Asha, can you lead us in prayer? Yes. Thank you, Asha. Thank you so much for everything that you're doing in our life. Thank you, Laura, for this opportunity to learn about your children, the youth around the world. And as we learn that we may grow and be equipped and as we learn that we may fight them in our heart and understand that every girl's every principles that you have for us God have unique, meditated and understand God's for our benefit to learn and prosper and help the children to grow and the youth to understand the knowledge of your truth and your way God. Thank you so much God for this class. As Master Surya is teaching us, we pray your experience to lead her and help us to understand and grasp everything she's teaching God. Thank you, Laura, for everything. We really pray. Amen. Amen. Thank you, dear. Okay. So before we just look at the biblical basis, I've not posted the notes. I'll do that by end of day today. And the second thing is that I will be teaching this course only through Jan and Feb and March and April, Pastor Roshan Johannes would be teaching this course on Youth Ministry. So I'll be doing the course for Children's Ministry in Jan and Feb and he'll be doing the course on the Youth Ministry in March and April. I'll have two assessments, 25-25 marks each, so that's 50 and Pastor Roshan would, you know, assess you on 50 marks for Youth Ministry. Anyone has any questions before we begin about this course? Any questions, anything you'd like to say, any suggestions? Okay. If there are no questions and suggestions, we'll move on. Can you see the screen that I have presented? Are you able to see the PowerPoints? Okay. Thank you. So we're going to look at the biblical basis and the mandate for Children's Ministry. So is ministering to children important? What do you all think? Is ministering to children important? If you're saying yes, then you need to give me some good reasons. Good morning, Rupa. Why is ministering to children important? You all can unmute your mics and speak or you can just type it out in the chat section. It takes time to type it out so you can unmute your mics and speak. Why is ministering to children important? Can I speak now? Yeah, sure. At such a young age, the seeds sown can be of much fruit, very much fruit because as they grow from their young age in the word of God, they have a clear picture of who God is, how he works, and understanding the word, understanding the call of God. It can be really helpful. We can change the course of nations. We can change the course of society. And church is strengthened because they are the pillars who would later on take care of all the areas. And the receptivity is very high in the young age. What they learn remains with them forever because so many testimonies we've heard where people have said in the Sunday school I learned that though I went hewire, but then at a point of time God brought me back and those words of my Sunday school teacher resonated in my ears and I remembered how and what was taught and that brought me back to the Lord and that remains with them forever. We pass forever. Yes, thank you, Savani. That's very well said.  The foundations are important. So when they grow, they will draw from these foundations even if they're exposed to many influences later on. Thank you, Rose. Hope says it's important because children need training to the full understanding of the knowledge of God and the Bible insists, sorry, the Bible insists us to train children. Yes, thank you, Hope. Yes, the Bible insists us to train children. Anyone else has anything to say? Maxine says, because children need to be looked after in good morals so that they can be good leaders. Okay. Thank you, Maxine. Anyone else? Okay, Asha says, just like Jesus' minister to children and bless them, we need to follow in his steps, okay? Okay, so I'd just like to present a few statistics. You know, it says that more than a statistic show us that more than half of the people that believe in Jesus do so by the age of 12. Yes, so like Prabhakar says, strong foundation builds strong buildings, the strongest buildings. Yes, so this is a good foundation year and statistics have shown us that more than half of the people who believe in Jesus do so by the age of 12. Statistics also show us that by the time a child is nine years old, their basic moral foundations have been formed and hence we see it so important to ground children in the truth of God's word. So it would be the foundation on which children can build their moral values and standards. Sometimes we think that we can teach children moral values and standards after they graduate from school, after 10th grade or when they're youth or young people, but statistics show us that by the time a child is nine years old, their basic moral foundation has already been formed. So then to kind of mold them and build up their moral foundation can be a little difficult because they've already based, have a basic moral foundation and so it's so important for us from a very early age in life, the early steps that they take to ground children in the truth of God's word, so that it would be a foundation on which they build their moral values and standards even as they grow up. The next thing is that by the age of 13, children have formed their basic beliefs about the nature of God, the trustworthiness of the Bible, the reliability of the Bible, that means the Bible is the truth, they don't question it, they just believe it, they just trust it, they receive it by faith, also the existence of an afterlife and the everlasting love of Jesus. So all of these basic foundations or beliefs of who God is, the nature of God, how he relates to them, who he is, and the Bible which is such an important thing, the Word of God, the reliability of it, the existence of afterlife that we are talking about, the everlasting life, the life that they're going to spend in eternity with Jesus and the everlasting love of Jesus, all this is basically formed by the age of 13. So from a very young age, from the age of 3, 4, 5, 6, till the age of 13, all of these basic beliefs, a child just picks up even as they are listening, learning, relating to people in school, learning science, so it's so important for us to teach children basic beliefs because by the time they come to the age of 13, they already have a basic belief system and so it's so important for us to impact their basic belief system so that they have the truth of God's Word, the nature of God, who God is, the love of Jesus, about everlasting life, eternal life, it's all just a solid foundation in their minds and they believe on that and they can build on it. It was said that D.L. Mooney, when he came back from a tent revival meeting and they asked him how did the revival meeting go and he reported that two and a half people were saved. He said that two and a half people were saved so the person who was asking him responded, do you mean it's two adults and one child and D.L. Mooney responded, no, it was two children and one adult so he says that when you save a child, you save a life, a whole life.  So you see the importance D.L. Mooney gave. He said there were two and a half people who were saved during this revival meeting that he was ministering at and so the person thought it was two adults and one child but he said no, it is two children and one adult so when you save a child, you save a life, you save an entire life. They have a whole life to live, which they can impact people around, they can impact the people that they're studying with, students that they're studying with and impact the city and the nation for Jesus Christ and build the kingdom of God. So he says when you save a child, you save a whole life to impact and influence basically others for the kingdom of God. So when we look at all of these statistics and the views of what people have about children and about ministering to them at an early age, it's sad sometimes to see that churches focus more on adults and youth ministry and not on children's ministry. It's sad because sometimes we have a good place for the adults to meet. We also accommodate the youth in a good hall or a good environment but for children, usually in the open where we just have some people just monitoring them, kind of telling them a story which they don't have a curriculum. We just present to them some stories which is basically how David killed Goliath, how God created Adam and Eve, creation or Zacchaeus' story or blind Bartimius, things that are very, very common narratives in the Bible. We just keep just sharing those narratives but don't draw out any biblical truths, theological truths from that or some ways children can apply that in their own personal life and we think children's ministry is done, it's over, we've engaged the children or just let them play around or give them some coloring and it's sad because, you know, and we don't even have a proper, some churches don't even have a proper hall or place where children can gather, they're just out in the open, maybe in the potico or in the garden area or wherever but we see that it's so important to watch, to look into children's ministry because of all the statistics that I've mentioned because once they become a youth and an adult, their value systems, their beliefs, everything is just so already formed and it's so difficult to challenge that, to break through that. Of course the Holy Spirit can minister to them but it's difficult for a child at that age to come when they are past the age of 13 to learn new value systems or learn new belief systems that challenges what they have been thinking through the early years of their life up to the age of 13. So also, these statistics prove to us that children are not just to be told narratives or stories from the Bible or just engage them with some playtime or storytime or colouring time but then engage them into a good curriculum, a good learning experience where they're learning about the nature of God. They're also learning scripture verses, scripture passages when the early years of our life we learn so much we can just receive, we can just record things in our memory, we can memorise things and most of the scripture passages, Bible passages, the books of the Bible, everything that I've learned, the narratives in the Bible everything that is what I learned during my very early ages and now I still remember those memory verses and rattle off the books of the Bible everything is because we were made to learn this when we were in Sunday school, in vacation Bible school Bible matches. So it's good for us to even present theological truths talk about the nature of God, who God is teach children about the word of God ground them in the word of God with the solid truths in God's word, doctrines in God's word because they can learn, children in age in grade one and two learn science they're learning photosynthesis and everything in the very early age, so good to teach them all of the doctrines of God's word so that they are built up in God's truth so not just focusing on adults and children's ministry but so important for us to focus on children's ministry and to help children's ministry grow and to also bring about a curriculum which is apt for today's children with the challenges they're facing with the technology so much that they learn online so important for us to teach them about all of those things as well so we can ask this question why does the church focus more on adults in youth ministry and not on children's ministry and it's so important for us to focus also on children and did Jesus ask us to focus only on adults or was the biblical mandate only for adults and not for children but if you look at God's word we will see how the importance God gave and even Jesus gave to minister to children before we look at that, hope says pastor there's a big problem on this issue of ministering to children a lot of churches do not set plans for helping children as they do to adults even in the crusades we see some of the ushers chasing away children who decide to follow Jesus some adults do not believe children at all especially some adults do not believe children at all especially Christians Muslims have succeeded in training their children Muslims have succeeded in training their children that is just so amazing what you're saying hope is very true is very right I've seen people from this faith for their children it's not even if they don't study their school stuff it's important for them to learn the language in which their holy book is written and they send them for classes they learn Arabic and at a very early age they're learning everything and they're learning to read their holy book but sometimes even our children don't even know where Matthew is or Luke is or ask them to turn to the book of Exodus or Psalms they're struggling ask them to read from the Bible it's in English but yet they find it difficult to read because they basically aren't reading the Bible hence it's difficult but if you look at children from other faiths their holy books are not in their own language in English language they have to learn the language in which the books are written but they learn it, they read it and that is given top priority and importance and yes it's very it's very difficult to evangelize such people break through their mindsets, their philosophies and their love for their God the passion that they have for their God yes it's very difficult to break through so Christopher says to Hope's point Jesus said let the children come to me and do not hinder them for the kingdom of God belongs to such as these yes very true but it's sad that churches don't see that see children as an important age group to minister to they think they're very small naive they won't understand but they do, they catch up things very fast nowadays children are growing faster than I was in school you know here children in kindergarten speak of some things is blows your mind it just shocks you actually because of the influence of media that they have that they learn so much so Maxon says a question when we say children what age group are we targeting in our studies yes it's a good good question Maxon basically we're talking about children from age say we've been one year right up to 13 or 14 so we can talk about children who are preschoolers right up to grade 10 because those in 11th and 12th you know they consider themselves as teens so they are more like youth yes but we would we would look even at children who are right up to age 15 grade 10 that will start help Maxon thank you for good question okay so we look at the biblical basis and the mandate for children's ministry let me just so we see that God in the Bible has a plan for children and this plan includes a family as well so God has a plan for children and his plan includes the family so we see that the concept of family was in God's mind from the very beginning God created families in the very beginning in Genesis chapter 1 verse 28 we read that God blessed them God blessed Adam and Eve and said to them be fruitful and increase in number okay so he says be fruitful and increase in number so you know God had a plan for family God had a plan for children from the very beginning right there in the Garden of Eden Genesis chapter 1 verse 28 he says you know he blesses Adam and Eve he says be fruitful and increase in number okay hope says in our church we consider children are from 1 year to 12 13 13 to 21 considered as teenagers yes we could grade 10 I think is 15 years old so they still consider themselves being part of a school and so you know we go right up to 15 but yeah nowadays you know children from grade 7 8 they already think of themselves as teenagers and we have to relate to them in their level of thinking and ministering to them at you know what they are comfortable with and where they are in the present world thank you hope just a minute so God even chooses chose to establish Abraham's family as a family of promise okay hope sorry okay we also see that when God called Abraham and you know he made a covenant with him you know he establishes Abraham's family of promise and through he says through he establishes covenant with Abraham and with his seed and the generations his descendants and his generations to come so we see that God's plan was just for Abraham but it was for Abraham's family so the Abraham's family the generations to come you know where in covenant with God and would receive his promises and you know God promises that he would be with them and he would be their God and you know he makes everlasting covenant with Abraham and with his descendants with his generations to come we read this in Genesis chapter 17 verses 6 to 7 and there is another reference Genesis chapter 17 verses 9 to 14 it's on your screen so can somebody please one of you read Genesis chapter 17 verses 6 to 7 and someone else can read Genesis 17 9 to 14 please shall I read man yes sure Genesis 17 verse 6 and 7 says amen amen we see in verse 7 you know God is promising Abraham that he will establish his covenant and it's going to be an everlasting covenant between God and Abraham and he says this covenant is going to be everlasting because it's going to you know just not discover his immediate family but it's going to be you know be an everlasting covenant in terms of extending this covenant to his descendants to the generations that are to come and God says I will be their God and they will be my people you know and I will establish this everlasting covenant with them so we see that you know God's plan that the covenant that he makes is not just for that present generation but is for the generations to come children's children look at Genesis chapter 17 verses 9 to 14 can somebody read that please yes go ahead Asha and God said to Abraham as for you you shall keep my covenant you and your offspring after you throughout their generation this is my covenant which you shall keep between me and you and your offspring after you every male among you shall be circumcised you shall be circumcised in the flesh of your foreskin and it shall be a sign of the covenant between me and you as eight days old among you shall be circumcised every male throughout your generation whether born in your house or bought with your money from any foreigner who is not of your offspring but he who is born in your house he who is bought with your money shall surely be circumcised so shall my covenant be in your flesh and everlasting covenant any uncircumcised male who is not circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin shall be cut off from his people and he has broken my covenant thank you so here we see God establishing his covenant with Abraham and he's asking him to fulfill the circumcision which is a sign of the covenant the ritual of circumcision which is a sign of the covenant between Abraham and the generations to come and he says you have to do it when the male child is eight days old so the importance God gave to children and making that sign of the covenant starting with a very early age early days of a person's life which is the childhood days and he's saying this is going to be the sign of my covenant and the sign is circumcision that you need to do so here we see that God is not just looking at adults he's not looking at them when they're youth but at a very young age they need to know this God who is in covenant relationship with them and basically why God makes a covenant with his people his purpose is so that they can have intimate personal love relationship with them and through the covenant that God makes with his people he's extending all of himself and he's inviting them to be through the covenant he's inviting them to be his sons his daughters his and co-heirs with Jesus Christ and all of this is at a very young age where the very young age God wants them to know that they are part of this covenant with this God who's inviting them into this intimate love relationship of fellowship, communion with him and it's also so that they would know that they are spiritual sons and daughters of God and they are his of God and co-heirs with Jesus Christ so that whole relationship is not just with the world that they live in but it's also with it has a spiritual aspect their relationship with God and hence God is saying do this at a very young age when a child is just 8 days old so the sign of circumcision is a sign of the covenant between God and the generations to come and we see that God had a plan for children and this plan includes family as well it also includes training children in the word of God so we know in 2 Timothy chapter 3 was 16 a very familiar scripture passage that says all scripture is God breathed and is useful for teaching for rebuking for correcting and for training in righteousness and holiness so it says all of scripture is useful and it gives us what is the uses for training for teaching for rebuking for correcting in righteousness and holiness but it's not giving any specific age groups that means it's all of scripture is God breathed and is profitable for teaching useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training for children teenagers, youth adults and you know older men and women as well so let's look at the mandate that's found throughout scripture the importance got placed in teaching children some of the scriptures passages I've put on the presented to you on the PowerPoint slide so you know one of you can open up to the scripture passages and then quickly read we'll take turns so can one of you please read Genesis 18 verses 17 to 19 please Genesis 18 verses 17 to 19 I'm reading Genesis chapter 18 Genesis 17 to 19 reading from the English standard version the Lord said so I heard from Abraham what I am about to do seeking that Abraham's have surely become a great and a mighty nation and all the nations of the earth shall be blessed in him for I have chosen him that he may command his children and his household after him to keep the way of the Lord by doing righteousness and justice so that the Lord may bring to Abraham what he has promised to him. Amen Even thank you so here we see you know God saying he's just revealing his mind his will he's saying you know why he has chosen Abraham he's chosen Abraham so that you know Abraham will direct his children and his household to keep the way of the Lord by doing himself what is right and just so God knew that Abraham was a man of faith distrusted in him believed in him did what was right but he knows he's not just not going to end with Abraham but it's just going to pass on you know he's going to teach his children his household to keep the way of the Lord so you see the importance God is giving here to teaching the younger generation to teaching the children the way of the Lord so that when they grow up you know as we read in scripture we look at it you know that they will not depart from the way of the Lord and they will do what is right and just Exodus chapter 12 verse 24 to 27 can somebody read that please you should observe this thing as an ordinance for you and your sons forever it will come to pass when you come to the land which the Lord will give you just as he promised that you should keep this service and it shall be when your children say to you what do you mean by this service that you shall say it is the Passover sacrifice of the Lord who passed over the houses of the Israelites in Egypt when he struck the Egyptians and delivered our households so the people bowed their heads and worshiped thank you Christopher so here in Exodus chapter 12 verses 24 to 27 we see God is giving instructions regarding the Passover to Moses and Aaron and they called the elders of the community of the Israelite community the Hebrew people living in in Goshen in Egypt and they're telling them giving them these instructions and so you know God is telling them you know that you know they're going to celebrate this Passover God knew that you know when he gives something to them to do on a continual basis it can just become a tradition it can become a ritual I think God knows human mindset a way of thinking a way of behaviors but here he's basically giving them this whole ceremony that they have to kind of perform every year at the same time even after they have left Egypt so that this ceremony is kind of an enacting of what the people went through what they did and how God delivered them out of Egypt and they're supposed to do this whole enacting this whole thing that they did in the first Passover so that you know the children will see it and obviously the children will ask the question you know why are we doing all of this what is the significance of all of this and then you know the parents have the opportunity to teach them and also to reveal to the younger generation who this God is because you know in the Old Testament not everyone had access to the law the Torah like we have access to the Bible our children can read there are so many videos stories on YouTube that our children can watch that they can learn the narratives from the Bible but all of this was not prevalent in the early days in the Old Testament days and also everyone did not have an access to the law the Torah and there was no way that children were going to schools as well to learn all of this there was nothing called like children's churches Sunday school so this whole acting of this Passover was a means of the children to a means or a way in which children can know who their God is who this God is whom they're serving or they're worshipping their following or they're hearing his voice what is he done to them what he's done for them and you know how they can put their faith and trust in God we'll just look at the last in Deuteronomy chapter 31 verses 12 to 13 can somebody read that please Deuteronomy chapter 31 12 to 13 Deuteronomy chapter 31 verse 12 to 13 gather the people together men and women and children and the stranger that is within their gates that they may hear and that they may learn and fear the Lord your God and deserve to do all the words of this law and that their children which have not known anything may hear and learn to fear the Lord your God as long as you live in the land with the ego over Jordan to possess it amen amen thank you so here we see that Moses is 120 years old and is no longer able to lead the people of Israel God chooses Joshua as the next leader and here Moses is instructing the people and in these verses he's telling the people that when Israel appears before the Lord their God in the place where he chooses you know they shall read the law before all of Israel and all of their learning and he says you know it's not just men and women but also children the aliens foreigners all those living in with them you know they are to hear the word of God and they are to follow carefully all the words of the law and he says that their children who do not know this law must hear it and learn to fear the Lord their God as long as they live in this land the land that they are crossing the Jordan to possess so here we see how you know here we see how God gives importance for not just men and women and you hear the word of God but also children so that you know they listen to the law and they learn to fear the Lord their God in a very early age and they can grow up to fear the Lord, honour him and walk in his ways okay we'll stop here we'll continue on Wednesday anyone has any questions any questions okay there are no questions then we'll sorry we had a question yes yes please yes Elisha thank you very much and good morning I don't lead to I would like to know if the class documents that the handouts will be shared with us yes in the beginning of the class I said that I have not posted the content I'll do so by the end of today okay madam thank you very much okay thank you okay we'll end class here and thank you all for joining class I'll see you in by 10 or 2 for first Timothy okay