Hello, everyone. Thank you for joining us today. My name is Sateesh Nimbwani. I'm from Customer Engineering from Tipco. And along with me, I have Rakesh and Chandra from T-Mobile. Thanks, guys, for joining us today. Before we get started, how many of you here do app integration build microservices APIs? Wow. Have you heard of Tipco before? Nice. A little bit more hands would probably do good, but we'll settle for this. So hopefully in the next 30 minutes, we'll give you a little bit of overview of what Tipco does and how Tipco has helped T-Mobile to in their digital transformation. Chandra and Rakesh from T-Mobile have been spending over a decade now for building apps using Tipco. They've started off with the traditional and the famous ESB services styles and they're slowly moving away to leverage microservices and APIs. Now, in order to meet the emerging needs and demands and for the vision of digital transformation, T-Mobile leverages, Tipco BusinessWorks, Container Edition, and Pivotal Cloud Foundry, not only to meet their customer volumes, but also to provide them a unified experience across all the channels. So Rakesh, over to you. Why don't you let us know a little bit more on the story? Thank you. Hi. My name is Rakesh. I'm Principal Engineer at T-Mobile. So just a brief introduction of what is T-Mobile. T-Mobile is one of the largest wireless 4G LT providers here. And we are based out of Bellevue, Washington. And we have about 73 million subscribers base in the last quarter reports as of. And we operate under two flagship brands that is T-Mobile and Metro PCS. So what is T-Mobile doing? T-Mobile, like you said, Uncarrier is redefining the way customers and businesses subscribe to the wireless services through this. And how are we doing? We have been redefining the way carriers provide the wireless services. And we have been doing so through our various Uncarrier moves, like our CEO, our famous CEO, John Ledger, calls out. This is the various Uncarrier moves that we provide to the customers that either solve their pain points or give them the features that they really need. So off of this wireless Uncarrier moves, if you see one, if you see, I'll call out a few of them. I think most of you would have used it, is the wireless, free wireless internet in Google in flight. And also we have this carrier freedom, where we are defined as no contracts at all. And the most and recent one is the Netflix on us, where you subscribe to a T-Mobile plan, you get a free Netflix. So what does this mean to us as an IT industry? So yes, we have been providing all this pain, solving all the pain points of the customer. But what does this do to our IT systems that we're running behind the scenes? It provides a lot of stress on the systems that we have to meet or cater to to meet the rise in the volumes and rise in the need for different APIs and everything. So for that, what are we solving? We wanted to be more agile in nature, for that matter. So for example, we need to get the code out of the front development into Prod to get to one of those Uncarrier moves in pretty fast. Like we used to do in traditionally in the ESB model, we used to do in several months. Now we wanted to get it out in weeks. And we also want an infrastructure to be more scalable. And we also want the environment stability and configuration. So how did we do it? So to achieve all this or to solve these problems, what did we do is that we established core pillars of which we call it as digital pillars in our world. Like in any company, it's not just IT being the digital is more important. It has to be all the way from digital marketing, business, and experience, and also up to the operations. So these are the things that we refer to as pillars of our digital transformation that we embarked a journey upon where digital marketing, you reach out to more customers using the more social media channels. And business would refer to more products and services that are more catered towards the exact need of the customer rather than giving the bulk load of all the products. And operational intelligence and digital service management is forefront of that to maintain the stability pain point. So to aligning to the digital pillars, we established a couple of design goals that we wanted to always meet when we are doing in this digital journey. Like you can see, things social, more analytical, and cloud native. And being experienced device APIs, meaning to say that always think from customer downwards, not from the system that you can provide the business from and provide an API for. And also going through all of the build elastic environment where you can meet the needs of the customers as and when from the infrastructure perspective. And always on is more forefront of it. Just to give, this is the more very high level reference architecture that we have. It's pretty much a cookie cutter architecture like any other thing. Just to show you what we have, different channels on the top and different billing systems and other BI and omni channels that at the bottom. And we have the selling and servicing channels. And we have our existing and modified typical container addition running on PURTL Cloud Foundry, which also adopts some DevOps or model of more CI CD pipelines as well. So what are the core capabilities that we try to achieve? Where model around being the capability and domain. So like I said, it should be always top down approach of the business services. So think to the, like what is the experience that you want to deliver to the channel or the customer and design your API around it, which we refer to as experience driven APIs. And there should be more stateless and dynamic to be discovered to the API so that you won't, people figure out the APIs that exists out there on their own from the gateways and also the deployment process and catalog. What is our end goal? Our end goal is to represent T-Mobile as a service. What does, from the slide, I could just take a moment to explain this. Like we want to, like at the core of T-Mobile as a service, we want to represent our core functionalities which are different capabilities provided by the various systems like the customer management, payment, selling, inventory and various billing systems. And we want to do, like I always said, we want to do an experience driven APIs. What does it mean is that if a customer is trying to do a payment through a social channel, right, through a Twitter handle, he doesn't need to know all the billing history and everything that you have. You rather give him an API that only delivers to that particular where he goes quickly and makes a payment. Likewise, you have a customer who's trying to buy a purchase, a particular plan or a phone on the smartphone that he has, right? So in traditional world, if you try to provide a service or an API that provides that capability, you would give him a detailed explanation of the features and everything and often the phone, right? But in this particular channel, we don't have the time or real estate on the phone to browse through all the content of it. So we rather cater him an API that is more specific to the smartphone that he's viewing it on so that it is an experience driven for that particular device he's using. Likewise, on the website where people want to use and see and feel of everything that he has and everything. So we have an experience driven API for the web content. Likewise, what does that do, right? To derive all this experience APIs if I push them down to the core systems like my billing systems or any other servicing systems that we have, it puts a lot of burden on them to maintain all that, right? So like the billing system has to maintain every channel specific API that the customer wants or the device and he has to keep track of it. So for that matter, what we said was, okay, we will do a core API layer which will encompass or abstract the billing systems from all these experiences, keep them more specific to what they really provide. Like for the billing system, it will always provide you me the billing history payments or anything for that particular capability I'm driving upon. And it's the experience API layer that derives the particular content to that particular channel that the customer is subscribing upon. This is how we abstract out this thing and it will allow us to provide our core systems as a service for all the channels that we have and which is our envision of goal of T-Mobile as a service. Now, what does this mean, right? This means that I need API driven architecture for my entire integration, app integration layer. So that's where our partnership with Tipco has helped us along. We have been on Tipco for a while and we have been running on the traditional infrastructure on the physical hardware and infrastructure. So that's where we started on this journey of containerization of APIs. On this containerization journey, we embarked upon, we chose Pivotal Cloud Foundry as our infrastructure provider or elastic runtime pass that is in-house. And we partnered with Tipco to come up with a Tipco containerized software which can be deployed and scaled and driven to that particular demand or needs. That's where our journey with Tipco Business Works Container Edition has started upon and we have been running successfully so far we are about 150 odd apps which is roughly about 500 containers that we are running upon and which service up to, we are doing a volume scales up to almost 125 million calls per day and this is all running on Pivotal Cloud Foundry and everything. So having said that, I would like to bring, so all this is from the development perspective how we have done it and how we have scaled upon the Pivotal Cloud Foundry and using the Tipco Business Works Container Edition. I also would like to invite my colleague who's from the app's perspective. What does he see? Did he see what we have delivered to the operational standpoint because this, like I said, system stability and configuration is in front of all of this to achieve our end goal as well. So Chandra. Thank you Rakesh. So I'm from, I'm Chandra. I'm from operational team. So I don't know how many people are from operational role here. Anybody does production support here? Okay, awesome.  I mean, he wants to solve customer pain points. He wants to do microservices but as an operator I have different goals. My simple goal is I need to sleep when everybody, I mean, normal people sleeping time. I want to sleep, right? That is my primary goal. What does that tells you? I mean, if you're operating sleeping during his normal night times, that means your systems are available, right? I mean, his primary goal is your systems are highly available 24 by seven. You have all the data, right? 24 by seven. And you have all the telemetric data available. So that's why that person is able to sleep.  I mean, I used to work from, our maintenance window is from 10 p.m. till 2 a.m. in the morning. So I'm always up and running, always doing deployments during nighttime. Why do I need to do deployments when everybody is sleeping, right? So this is a kind of problem we want to solve as an operator, right? That is one primary goal. And the secondary, I mean, secondary issue is like, I had almost like 2,000 physical servers I had, right? And I have configuration files everywhere, right? And I might have had a proper configuration file on, let's say, 1,999 servers, but I missed on one server. That used to cause a lot of production issues, right? So we never had this configuration as code. We never had that philosophy in T-Mobile before, like six to eight months ago, right? And the other problem we used to have is, like logging, right? I mean, it's on your developer, Mercy, if he's writing logings, you have the telemetry. Otherwise, God knows what's happening in the production, right? So all these kinds, I mean, these are the different problems we have. And you know what happens in, we are in telecom world and there is a big events happen every year, September. I don't know why people go crazy, but the Apple promo is a nightmare for us. I mean, you don't believe I got a call just like 20 minutes ago from a network engineer saying that, hey, we need to get ready for Apple promo for this year. I was like, what the heck, we are, I don't know what. So we are like six months away from that even, but during every iPhone promo, we used to worry about the capacity, right? We used to order this hardware. We used to rack it up, stack it up, right? Deploy a code for performance testing and still my boss who is here, he never had the confidence. Like, dude, is it going to work? I don't know, right? We prepared for 3X load, but what if 5X load comes, right? All these are the different problems we had. I mean, six to eight months. This is the real story, guys.  I mean, as an operator, I lost the sleep, right? We are always constantly worried. We have zero confidence in our systems, but beautiful things happen, right? I mean, things change. So that's when PCF came. And along the way, I mean, we invested in Tipco from last 10 years, right? We had a lot of people. I mean, developers, operators, our operations team, right? They were all over the place and luckily, Tipco came over to see, right? If not, it would have been a big learning curve for everyone, right? I mean, we would have need to train these people on different technologies, but luckily, Tipco came with Tipco CE and PCF is there. I mean, Rob used to ask me, who is my boss? He used to ask me, Chandra, I want to have a single-click button where I can increase the capacity. Now, Rob, your dream is fulfilled now, right? So that's where our journey started. I mean, PCF solved our problems in the capacity-wise. And also, it brought an immense change in our mind-shift happen in the T-Mobile, right? Previously, I don't know. I don't know Jenkins before. I don't know what is CI CD, right? But all those things, I mean, because these products are so, I mean, the principles of these products are like CI CD, like telemetry, like circuit breakers, right? I mean, circuit breakers. I mean, that's a big deal, right? I mean, the back-end system slows down. I got a call two o'clock in the morning. I was like, dude, what can I do? Back-end system is slow, right? But still, the front-end guy says, dude, I don't care, back-end system fails or not. I want a proper response, right? If I had circuit breakers, I wouldn't have got the call at two o'clock. I would have been sleeping still, right? But these are the problems, right? So to solve all these problems, I mean, Tipco and PCF, right, they came up with these bells and whistles. And that's when we started embracing PCF. So if you have any of these problems in your company, go for it. Go embrace PCF. They solve all these problems. Of course, you need to have a strong infrastructure team, like we have, right, who made everything possible. I mean, everything is self-servable, right? So if you have any of the problems I mentioned, go for PCF, and if you invested in Tipco, go embrace that technology too. So that's the benefit as an operator, right? So now I'm able to sleep, right? Now I'm pressing the single button, I mean, expanding the containers without worrying about the capacity. So as an example, right? So this is how our Tipco CE plus PCF look like when we did iPhone 8. So I'm with T-Mobile from last 10 years. We did, I did a bunch of iPhone launches so far. And this is the first iPhone launch. I was not before, I was not in the office. I was not before my boss. I was attending another conference, and still we were able to successfully launch this product using PCF. How did we do? So I think our conference was still 5.30 p.m., right? We came to hotel.  I think we had a couple of drinks, Rob. I don't want to say that. But see, we had a couple of drinks, but still the traffic was, you see the traffic ramped up. I see the PCF containers was ramping up, right? And we were successfully able to launch the product. So that's the beauty. I mean, we were always used to worry about the capacity, but we no longer worry about those capacity. Right now, as Rakesh was mentioning, this is the old picture, but right now we are doing around 225, 120 million, I mean, 120 million transactions within the TIPCO platform, but we have other middle-level platforms where, I mean, combining we are doing around 220 million transactions and 150 applications around 700 to 800 containers are there. It's a great story. The other thing, again, this is the next one. iPhone X launch, again, the same story. We never worried about capacity any longer.  So I don't need to order any new hardware. I don't need to worry about anything, right? But that's awesome. That's the story. There's one more. Oh, there's one more, sorry. Oh, okay. This is awesome. So by adapting to PCF, right? I mean, we are able to now gather more telemetric data. So with the Splunk integration, native Splunk integration within the PCF and TIPCO CE, right, now we are able to get more data out of systems and we are catching those issues much earlier before they become high critical issues on our environment, right? And as I said before, right, now we have a configs code, right? So now we no longer keep property files on Unix boxes any longer. You don't, I mean, a couple of years ago, you were hearing the config drift. We don't talk about config drift anymore, right? So because you have all these property files in a config server, now the property files are same everywhere. That is the one problem we solve. Second problem we solve the capacity issues we solve. We solve the telemetry issues, right? And I don't need to, I mean, we did the PCF, I mean, the only learning curve is we had to learn couple of PCF commands, right? CF push, a few commands and we are not able, we are now able to support. I mean, even my offshore team, right? We don't have to train them, even though we moved from an archaic legacy 10 years whole system to this wonderful system, but we are still running with the same people, same skills, that's the learning curve, right? Only the PCF was the learning curve for us. So that's how something, Hitesh? That's pretty interesting insights, Tandra and Rakesh. Thanks guys. Like we're really happy, we are really happy and proud to be a part of this journey with you guys, I mean, we keep talking about this story, we hear about it many times and every time we feel it's like really thrills us. Thanks again for all this. So we've heard both Rakesh and Chandra say the integration needs are evolving, right? Right from the building enterprise applications, the monolith applications to moving to a microservices driven architectures, to API driven microservices, all in all to adopt the digital transformation. Now, what we've seen or observed is pervasive integration is driven by different sorts of audience. The business users actually need business apps to digitize the processes and improve the work stream efficiencies. The enterprise IT users need to provide access to data and systems across various channels, be it on cloud, on-prem and on-edge devices too. And as a developer, I would want to be focused on building my application components in a faster and efficient way, with more openness, connectivity, and adaptability as well, right? Now, the good news is, Tipco Cloud integration supports all of these personas' use cases in a different way. Now, what we've also seen is three main focus areas is for driving a digital transformation, we need APIs. Providing an API is a key enabler for it. So with API modular capability of Tipco Cloud integration, which I'll be probably talking in a few minutes, we let you follow an API-first approach to define your API flows for easier maintenance. The second main focus is to embrace modern application development and integration techniques, which is why as a developers, again, we want to build services faster. We want to lower the operation cost by even being able to deploy it on serverless or fast architectures. I also want the flexibility to be able to deploy anywhere right from on-prem to hybrid to even on-edge devices. The last point is to simplify integration and connectivity. This is where you can leverage the pre-built connectors, not just for any application data, but also for network technologies. So connecting to all these different endpoints using your applications within your enterprise and beyond your enterprise has become much more easier and faster now with Tipco Cloud integration. So, Tipco Cloud integration also provides you a future-ready foundation. When we say future-ready foundation, it is also powered by open-source flow-guided score, which not only ensures you have a zero lock-in with any cloud, but also gives you an ability to leverage the open community for innovation. It also has native support to be deployed on serverless platforms like AWS Lambda. And also, you can directly deploy on every edge devices, so you're ready for all the IoT transformations coming up. And lastly, it also has the capability and the tooling support for integrating with flows like Google TensorFlow. So, in the interest of time, I'll actually skip to a demo flow which we have. So what we're doing is we have a Tipco Cloud integration where we are defining the API contract using the API Modular. I'm implementing the API using Business Studio. Now, once my APIs are implemented, we actually publish or push these services both on Pivotal Cloud Foundry and Kubernetes, which is managed by the Pivotal Container Service. And all of this is done through the open-source Maven plugin. Again, this is where life for Chandra has become easier with the CI CD operations we've talked about, right? So, and all of these, or my APIs have been published to a product called Tipco Mastery, which lets you do all the API management, things like enforcing any policies, throttlings, and all that stuff. Now, that's on the service side. And as a client, what we're doing is we are invoking Flogo Flow as a function in Project RIF. So we'll be showing more about that. Depending upon where the request comes in, if the request is coming in from a US region, the request is routed to Pivotal Cloud Foundry, and if it's coming from a UK region, it is routed to my Kubernetes service. So I'll show this sum of it in action now. So cloud.tipco.com, this is our Tipco Cloud Integration website. So I've already defined my API spec here for a service where we are able to want to fetch the account details depending upon the customer details and the regions we are in. So if you look at the CF Summit app here, that's my API spec, we have a path parameter for customer ID and a query parameter for a region. And so you can export this simply in two different formats and actually use them to implement your APIs. You can preview this to look like how it looks. And you can go back, create actually mock applications. That's what makes this even more powerful. So you can make, create mock applications, create a logo app. For this demo specific purpose, I'm using the Tipco Business Studio, which is from BusinessWorks Container Edition, and that's the component which the friends from T-Mobile have been talking about. So once I connect to my, once I build my API, I connected to the API Explorer view in my Business Studio and actually use all these drag drop capabilities gestures if you see here. I can do this and I can create a service out of it. So once you create a service, this is the actual service which it was created, the stub is created, and then if you fill in up this, if you look at this customer details, it's actually connecting to a backend database system, which is on the cloud.  We're doing all these API choreography using Business Studio. Now, once my services is created, we've deployed them to PCF and Kubernetes cluster. So I'm going back to this. So this is what I've deployed and my API is also now published to TIP-Comachry. This is where we are doing all the management, API management part over here. Now, on the client side, we have a project flow-go flow. So this is the request which we're talking about is invoking the PCF service depending if the condition is saying that the requests are coming in from the US region. If the condition says it's from the UK region, then it is routed to the PKS side of it. So that's pretty much on the flow here. It's a simple logic, simple branching based on where the request is coming and routes the request. Now, to do this, to trigger this flow, right, we've created a trigger for Project RIF. Now, this can be any AWS Lambda function or any fast service here to trigger this. But for this demo, we've used the RIF trigger because that's been recently announced. Now, I've created the functions. I have actually deployed everything. I have a setup here. We'll just do a quick RIF list to see the commands. So we've already created a function called CFSummit 2018, that this is the one. Now, we are publishing the request. So I'm doing it. It's actually a bit slow. It's not responding to the command plus commands. So I'll actually show you the demo if it's at the bootpot as well. So what you're doing now is we're publishing a request to the RIF function. So I want to invoke the flow go flow as a function on Project RIF. So we are triggering this request with the region UK. Like you see, we've had a response back here. Now, similarly, what we are also doing is we are invoking the same flow with the region US now. And this invokes my service, which is on PCF here. That's the one. So pretty much all these capabilities, like we've talked about, Project FlowGo, purely open source, Maven plugin, open source here. Again, we have the capabilities of monitoring your applications at the application level. Bunch of things you can look at, the process instances, active instances, the jobs created, and all that data into it. So to sum it up, the key takeaway is, right, you heard and seen Tipco helping T-Mobile leverage all the app launch time from months to days, savings in millions for infrastructure. So Tipco has a true consistent, pervasive integration and API platform in terms of deployment, consumption, and the expansion flexibility as well with CCI. That's it. Thank you. Thank you.


Make more green spaces for everyone to enjoy. New buildings should be as great as our old ones. Create fun places to enjoy in our spare time. Your ideas are shaping our plan for the future of Greater Cambridge. Have we got it right? Our first proposals. Tell us what you think today.


The President of the National Convention, Mr. Suryanth Nath Ramasinai Council, learned speakers of the topic which is chosen by the All-India Lawyers Union. Raju Ramachandra Senior Advocate and former Additional Solicitor General of India and Chandramudai Singh Senior Advocate of the Supreme Court of India. See, Somathath Sharma, my good old friend, we were together in the All-India Lawyers Union with the General Secretary of this All-India Lawyers Union, Comrade Brindad Kare. When I was a lawyer, I shared the diocese along with sister in relation to the women legal aspects about 30 years back. I am fortunate today, I was reading your articles in Hindu paper. Today the same temper, same content, same ideological conviction which you have got very briefly presented the entire gamut of the topic enlightened the learned's audience of this auditorium. My respected legal fraternity members, I am very happy to see you all. There is a mixture of audience here today. I was here for four years in the Supreme Court. In the Supreme Court, I used to see only a few lawyers who used to appear in the Court of Supreme Court to attend a function which is being organized by the Supreme Court Bar Association. Today, I could see the senior members of the bar, the young members of the bar, the middle-aged members of the bar. I am also happy to see my sister lawyers are also present. This is a combination of mixture of lawyers and you are the audience who are enlightened every day in and day out defending the human rights of the public litigant in the court of law very effectively before the court of law to get relief to your respective clients. I must join Comrade Vrindakaraj in congratulating the All India Lawyers Union having chosen a very relevant burning topic of independence of judiciary and its accountability to the people of this country. Very, very important today. We became independent 70 years back. We became republic 68 years back. The country population is growing. We have a written constitution under the chairmanship of Dr. Bedkar. Long deliberations in the Constituent Assembly. Each article fell for consideration for debate. I don't want to go into details with reference to either Part 3, Part 4 or pre-amble of the Constitution of India. The contribution of Dr. Bedkar to give it to us, the Constitution of India, which is a political document to the people of this country. And if you read the pre-amble of the Constitution of India, which fell for consideration before 13th Judge Bench in Keshwanandabarthi's case, way back in 1973, in the absence of secularism, in the absence of socialism, it has been interpreted sovereign, secular, socialist, democratic republic India. So these are all held to be the basic structure of the Constitution. This is what is said by 13th Judge Bench of the Supreme Court way back in 1973. Supreme Court has also said that the basic structure shall not be allowed to amend by the parliament in exercise of its constitutional power in Article 368. So, comrade Vrindakaraj has said very recently, responsible ministers who have been sworn in under the Constitution are telling today to the people that people who are defending secularism and people who are defending the Constitution, their DNA must be traced. I don't know whether they have read the judgment of the Constitution. I hope if they have not read, at least they must know what is the judgment of the Supreme Court and how it has been interpreted, the word, the phrase, the secularism. In a pluralist India, multi-religion country, secularism is very, very important. That has fell for consideration before the Supreme Court in number of judgments, more particularly in the case of Keshavananda Bharati and the Bombay case. The entire gamut of secularism has been interpreted and held. It is the basic structure of the Constitution. If the minister or the parliament member or any responsible citizenry does not understand this simple thing, where is the question of amendment to the Constitution? How can they amend the Constitution? That is why today this convention on the topic independence of judiciary and its accountability is most relevant. That is why we have assembled here today. Independence of judiciary is very important to protect, defend these philosophical and conceptual praises used in the preamble of the Constitution, namely sovereignty. Sovereignty will be given by the people of the country to their representative to foreign the responsible government, either the central government or the state government, under the constitutional scheme. So, sovereignty must be protected. Socialists, the people very likely talk about the Karl Marx theory and other right reactionary political party leaders will also debate and tell that it has no relevance. I don't want to go into that as per the matter. Then why the phrase socialist, even the phrase socialist was not there in the preamble of the Constitution? In Keshavananda Bharati and subsequent judgment even in Mineral Mills case, after the Constitution amendment, 42nd and 44th Constitution amendment, the Constitutional bench has rightly said that socialist is also a philosophical word, which is very much embedded in the preamble of the Constitution to achieve the welfare state of the country. The egalitarian system of society in the keeping in view the concept of Article 14, keeping in view the preamble portion of the Constitution, we the people of India to secure social, justice, social, economic, political. So these are all the phrases, these are all held to be the basic structure of the Constitution. These are all being bulldozed today. That is why strong independence of judiciary is very much required to the people of this country. That is why we have assembled here. If the judiciary is independent, it is not our saying. It is very much there in the Constitution of India. It is very much there in the debates of the Constituent Assembly. In fact, the primers of the Constitution at the time of framing our Constitution were concerned about the independence and the kind of judiciary the country needed, the concerned regarding this among all members of the Constituent Assembly could be seen what Ambedkar has said. It is very much there in the Constituent Assembly debates. Ambedkar says, I quote, there can be no difference of opinion in the house that our judiciary must be both independent or the executive and must also be competent in itself. And the question is how these two objects can be secured. This was the debate. This was the constitutional debate by great statesmen of this country before accepting a political document of written constitution given to the people. It is the responsibility of the legislature, the executive, to see that the independence of judiciary must be at all cost to be maintained. If it is not maintained, the constitutionalism, the constitutional democracy, the fundamental rights given to the citizenry of this country under Part 3 of the Constitution and direct principles of state policy ensigned in Part 4 of the Constitution of India, both the rights given to the citizenry have been held by the Supreme Court and UNO declaration way back in 1948. That principle has been borrowed by the Supreme Court of India. Both the fundamental rights and the direct principles of state policy constitute the human rights. If independence of judiciary is not there, there will be blatant violation of the secularism, blatant violation of democracy, blatant violation of rule of law, the question before us, question before the masses of this country today, should we allow the constitutional democracy to survive or the authoritarian rule to be allowed to be ruled in this country is the million dollar question before the masses of this country, more particularly the intellectuals of this country. With the preamble of the constitution, the political document, under the political document the constitution of India, the republic India, governance of the people of this country under the written constitution, it is the constitutional obligation on the part of the legislature to enact the law, it is the constitutional duty to implement the law which is enacted by both the parliament and the legislative assemblies to achieve the laudable object of justice, social, economic, political. So therefore it is the duty of the constitutional courts, particularly in general the Indian judiciary to protect the human rights of the people of this country. It is not to protect the rich, the multinational and industrialists' unipolar development. It is to secure justice to the people of this country, this independence of judiciary. The independence of judiciary is most relevant, important to oversee the functioning of law that will be enacted by the parliament or the legislative assembly. If the law is enacted by the legislature, if it affects the fundamental rights, violates the human rights of the people, that law will be struck down in exercise of the constitutional power by the independent judiciary, constitutional courts of this country, that is the power given by the people of this country. After 99th Constitutional Amendment, Article 124A, the combination of National Judicial Commission and National Judicial Commission Act fell for consideration before the apex court. We're back in 2015, the Supreme Court has examined Threadbare, the five judges who have been empowered with the constitutional power, examine, keeping in view the independence of judiciary, the judicial review is the basic structure of the constitution, the judicial review in relation to the human rights of the people of this country, what kind of combination, what kind of persons must adorn the bench of the High Court and the Supreme Court, what the subject matter, which has been Threadbare, argued by the Leonard Senior Council of the Supreme Court, five judges who have applied their mind, four is to one, the judgment was out, struck down 542 Parliament members' law, holding that it may be the design of a leftist party or a rightist party or a congress party or a socialist party, it was not the concern of the independence of the judiciary, the Supreme Court to examine it. Supreme Court has examined whether it taking away or hijacking the appointment of the judges to the constitutional court, is in conformity with the law adorned by the Supreme Court, is within the competence or within the scheme of constitutionalism, the constitutional democracy, what the subject matter before the Supreme Court in that case. So therefore, please remember, let the legislature, the politicians of this country, the industrialists of this country, anybody who is thinking that independence of judiciary is irrelevant, they are thoroughly mistaken. The answer is, answer is 1973 case 1 in the Bharati, answer is Mineral Amil's case, answer is 1997 Rajasthan case, where in the absence of law, the Supreme Court being the independence of judiciary to protect the constitutional rights of the people of this country, they said, your law is unconstitutional, it does not serve the people's interests, it will affect the basic structure of the constitution, it has been struck down, that is the story of the independence of judiciary. Therefore my dear friends, there will be derailment of the democracy, there will be an orcism, there will not be a civil society, and the rights given to the people, the human rights given to the people will not be enforced. So therefore my dear friends, we are seeing what is the approach of the apex court, what is going on in respect of violation of the fundamental rights, violation of fundamental rights, right to freedom of expression and freedom of the equality, the arbitrary action of the hands of the police, it is not a police Raj, it is a democracy, in a democratic country, written constitution. If the constitutional courts do not come to the rescue of such people, what will happen is there will be a great danger, there will be a great crisis in the country. Therefore my dear friends, I am the great defender of independence of judiciary in the larger interest of the masses of this country. At the same time I wanted to say, yes, the judges of the court have got certain immunities and privileges. Judges of the court are answerable and accountable, the accountability of the judiciary is most important. Accountability of judges, their conduct, their functioning, their action is accountable. What has happened? The accountability of the judges. The Supreme Court files a retribution in Delhi High Court when the right to information of the judges of the Supreme Court is asked, the retribution is filed. We are not accountable. Why are you covering your assets of the judges? You must disclose. You are answerable. This is not what I am saying. This is what Supreme Court has said. Bombay High Court, way back in 1967, has said the judiciary is answerable and accountable. That judgment has been reiterated, in case one on the birthday scale. In the year 1974 Supreme Court, 73 Supreme Court, so if the judiciary is answerable and accountable in the 13th advantage of the Supreme Court, why are you going and filing the right to information act is not applicable. In Rajanarayan versus Indra Gandhi's case, way back in 1975, Supreme Court has said it is necessary. So therefore my dear friends, I don't want to take much of your time. These are all the issues. The judges, the judiciary is answerable and accountable to the country, to the people of this nation and to protect the rule of law, to defend the constitution. Therefore you being the custodians of the constitution and defenders of the rule of law, I hope and think on these lines you will raise your voice, you will defend the independence of judiciary and the accountable of the judiciary. I must express my sincere thanks and gratitude to the Dutta Sharma and All India Liars Union who have conceived an idea of having a very sensitive, irrelevant, important topic chosen for debate and give the views of the learned speakers. I concur with all the speakers their views that everyone consistently have said that we require the independence of the judiciary. Thank you very much for giving me this opportunity.


Hi, and thank you for joining us today. I'm Mindy Bolen, the VP of Services at ISCME, and I'm joined by my colleague, Michelle Brennan, the Product Manager for OER Commons Tools and Platforms. ISCME stands for the Institute for the Study of Knowledge Management in Education, and we were founded in 2002 as a nonprofit focused on conducting applied social science research around how teachers perform continuous improvement on curriculum over time. Our founder, Lisa Petruides, was there in the early global meetings focused on developing and defining it. ISCME continues to conduct grant-funded research in the field of open education, and about seven or eight years ago, we started shifting from being purely grant and philanthropically funded to a services model. This shift really contributes to our sustainability and longevity, helping us to continue supporting open education worldwide. Our hubs and microsites are one part of that OER ecosystem, and it's made more vibrant through the community development, professional learning, and all of the other different services that we offer. With support from the William & Flora Hewlett Foundation, we launched OER Commons in 2007. It started as a spreadsheet of OER that was carefully developed from what was then a limited set of materials. From the outset, OER Commons was designed to be a free public digital resource where educators could find OER. Soon after its launch, we started to move beyond being just a repository and developing tools for sharing and collaboration that are still used on OER Commons today. Our first authoring tool, Open Author 1.0, was launched in 2012 as a place for educators to create and share and collaborate on the creation of OER. It was quickly followed by the groups feature, which was initially created for Hawaii's Department of Education in 2013. We still see groups as a critical tool in our toolbox, in the open education toolbox, something that users can leverage to create their own spaces for collaboration and curation, but also something we and our partners use in professional learning, professional development work, creating a space for our participants to curate and share and discuss OER. In 2014, we launched our first hub and we now host over 50 hubs on OER Commons. These are landing pages where an organization or project or institution can share their own curated collections of OER, can host multiple groups, working groups, communities of practice, and share information about their own OER projects. We aim overall for platform agnosticism, creating ways for our users to get the resources where they need them via download options and LMS integrations, for example. We also seek to highlight the highest quality OER via curation of collections and our partner engagement. We seek to create the spaces that can facilitate community development and participation, understanding that the work of OER benefits for mentorships and collaborations and cohort models. So what you're looking at here is our current setup for OER Commons and our microsites. When we began developing our microsites, we were really focused on the differing needs of our partners and less cognizant of the limitations of our approach to that technology. As we've worked with our 20 microsite partners over the years, we've learned quite a lot about what they would like to share and what successful sharing might look like. In the model that you see here today, this is OER Commons as the main library downtown with sponsored wings, which would be the hubs, and with groups as those big round tables where people can collaborate in the library. The microsites really stand apart as individual branches with their own resource collections, their own users, and their own regional contexts. They too can have their own sponsored hubs and community spaces. Our microsite partners represent many different contexts, and that often means that they have differing needs around how they describe their OER, different ideas about how to organize their sites. And so that was how we really initially developed these microsites was to create these standalone instances of the platform. In the end, this wasn't a scalable approach and we'll look into what we're doing now to move beyond that. Overall though, we do recognize the power of connecting people from different backgrounds to form networks. We understand that OER is naturally disaggregated, siloed by creators and institutions. And while we don't wanna replicate the excessive centralization that exists in the traditional publishing market, we do wanna encourage and facilitate sharing while letting people access OER where they want and need it. So we don't want to put everyone in one giant silo together, so much as connecting those different silos. We wanna bring people together from across regions, contexts and roles in this work through networking and also through the tools we develop in our platform. For our microsite partners, we host a bi-monthly community of practice call. And the goal of this call is for our partners to share their own successes and challenges and resources with one another, really we're seeking to foster those relationships among them. We'll develop prompts for the calls to facilitate conversation. But again, we really want to have them forge those relationships and their own network. In our both grant and service offerings of professional development, a component that we seek is to create communities of educators who can rely on and support one another as they learn about OER or learn how to evaluate OER through different pedagogical lenses. So now I'm gonna pass it over to Michelle who's gonna talk about the next gen tools for OER sharing beyond the people and back into the technology. So take it away, Michelle. Thanks, Mindy. So as Mindy mentioned, developing our hub and microsite infrastructure and then working to really connect our communities across our hubs and across our microsites. We noticed that there was a real opportunity there for not only creating connections between people but bringing our technology more in alignment with our mission. So building digital connections between those digital spaces the same way that we were building connections between different folks and creating human networks. And in 2020, we received a grant from the IMLS which funded a year long research study nationally doing user interviews and focus groups with faculty and librarians across the country. And out of this research, we built the concept for service that we call the OER Exchange. The OER Exchange allows our OER Commons digital librarians our hub leaders and our microsite leaders and librarians to select content from their digital libraries to share with the community. So I'll show you what that prototype looks like today. What you're seeing on your screen here is the OER Exchange as it exists on the Viva Open microsite. The Viva Open microsite is an OER Commons microsite that was built to house and share content created and curated by Viva faculty and librarians. So Viva has a suite of grants currently where they're working with faculty and librarians to curate and create OER aligned to course catalogs across the state. With the OER Exchange, they are able to share that content with others in our network as well as access work that is funded by other initiatives. So what you'll see here is that we have collections that were created and shared by the Maryland Open Source Textbook Initiative as well as the Affordable Learning Lewis Initiative which is doing much the same work that Viva is doing but replicating that programming in Louisiana to create and align content to their course catalogs. So what's next? The Open Metadata Exchange, the Open OER Metadata Exchange is the next step beyond the OER Exchange. The Open Metadata Exchange seeks to bring communities and institutions together and allow them to share content and resources with our communities as well. So we really see this as developing infrastructure for the public good. So thank you so much and that concludes our presentation. Thank you for joining us today. If you have any questions or wanna learn more about our work, you can contact us using this contact information here. We hope that you have a wonderful open ed. Thank you.


Hi, my name's Andy Hull, I'm chief executive of each other. We're a UK charity that uses storytelling, filmmaking and independent journalism to put the human into human rights. I'm Annie Campbell Viswanathan and I'm the director of Bail for Immigration Detainees. We are a legal charity that represents people who are held in immigration detention, secure their release on bail. We cannot represent everyone who needs our help, so we encourage people to make their own bail applications. Our self-help guide explains in simple terms what they need to do to secure their release on bail. This is essential for people who potentially can be held under immigration powers indefinitely. People are languishing in immigration detention, unable to access that information, their right to liberty, their right to family life and maybe even their right to be free from degrading treatment are at risk. The aim of our Kickstarter campaign is to turn the fantastic guide into a comic strip version that's even more accessible for people in immigration detention. A bit have already done fantastic work to produce an accessible document like this but as long as it's in a text format some immigration detainees are going to find it harder to access so the idea of this comic book is to make it more accessible still and to make sure that as many immigration detainees as possible can make the most of the fantastic contents of the guide. The best thing I learned from this guide is that I realised there is a chance to get out because otherwise you just don't know how to start. The authorities will never help you, these people are on the home office's side and they will remain skeptical of your actions because they believe you've made an offence.  Our plan is to distribute the comic to every immigration removal centre in the UK. We will also print 450 copies of the comic for donors to the campaign. We've got a history of working with artists to make our stories more accessible. For this one we've got celebrated comic artist John Sakon board to illustrate the guide. We've also got four other artists working with us on this project and we need £25,144 to pay for it all. This will pay for translation of the document into the comic, the design and creation of the comic itself, printing costs and postage and packaging. There are around 30,000 people detained under immigration powers in the UK in any one year and supporting this campaign will help them secure their liberty. So please give what you can to this Kickstarter campaign so that as many immigration detainees as possible can know their rights.


Okay, good morning everyone. Can everybody hear me? Yeah, Bill, I saw that you entered on time Again, it's you know when we have a lot going on it's my full concentration We don't we don't have a lot going on today. I mean there's only a couple things to look at But I mean starting tomorrow we're gonna have a lot of things to look at Because there any season starts tomorrow we do have a couple things today Of course this market is up this morning Really just in 15 years of trading. This is the sloppiest market that I've literally ever seen So again, we're just gonna stay on pace here Doing our own thing Not worried about the market I like fast the best problem is fast is very spreading and it's very whippy It's not much I can do about it So, you know, um, I did see the infi. It's an ADR. It it's fine But I don't know if that goes right out of the game. I still like fast better We can look at infi later. I was trying to look for something to go long I was trying trying trying trying trying so hard to find something that I could fall in love with today To go long. I mean we have 30 seconds here. Does anybody have any Bullish gaps that want me to look at? I mean, I literally looked at what I think was everything And I I can't get behind anything. I just I can't talk myself into anything to go long today, but I tried Does anybody have any last minute things that want me to look at long? I mean I'm happy to go long today, but You know, I think the market's gonna wait for tomorrow. We can talk about the market later here when we're done And also we got to make sure this fast is open before we do it So let's Find out. Oh, here we go Okay, it's really spready though Let's wait back. Let's look at infi quick infi is trying to go You got to get something quick Flipping on over to infi here. We got to do something fast Let's do 75 by 10 75 by 10 infi I'll go back and look at fast in a minute 75 by 10 is valid. Good entry here if it hits There get it do it do it right now. In fact, let's put it at 20. Put it at 16 20 16 20 Be in it if you want it infi or you can wait till it breaks, but I think it's gonna go 16 25 Let's put it just to be safe I don't think it's gonna matter. Okay. This is stuck here now. What's going on. Is anybody in it with me? We're on infi. Can you see the screen Vincent? Vincent, can you see the screen? Only have one thing up I know you were having sound issues Okay, my computer seems to be going good today on the internet, but this is sitting here and it's but Jackie's in it. Anybody else? Why isn't this moving? They're just moved Oh, this is strange here. Why isn't it moved there there there? Here we go Here we go. Infi got to be in it. Don't even worry about fast. We'll talk about it later 15 15 15 40 again. This is a snail We'll talk about a al it went to the dream target went past the dream target It doesn't matter again. We have to stay on track and get in and out quickly We got to do it. I mean, that's just the only way I'll look at fast quickly, but I don't look at the pgr pgr is very spreading Very spreading And fast is kind of a mess That's a shame. All right, here we are 64 make sure of the stop in I adjusted it 1625 And that should hold to be honest with you here And I hope it does hold because I don't really see anything else setting up Again perfectly willing to go long today. I was trying to talk myself into it. I looked at everything I just can't can't press the button to go long right now. It's just not there We're in the infi Vincent. If you still want to do it, you could do it It's only a couple of penny shy from the entry and With all the internet issues I've been having I thought that I was having speed problems here But I think this is just the way that this thing is acting And crossing my fingers that the issue on the internet is fixed today I think 64 is the low Let's just take a quick pic here at the market Nope, I wouldn't even be surprised if we fail today Just couldn't top myself into going long cues are trying to do it this five. I think it's going to fail and therefore the cues will too So this is really just the trickiest market Ever when we started to see that by the second third week of january And then it just continued and it's just never going to end and I guess this is going to be the whole year It could be People need to know that so that's why we just got to focus on Selective days when we do the market and selective stocks like this I don't like the way fast acted. I'll go back and look at that but I would leave that And today is not a day to be aggressive Market's a mess I didn't look at al today. I'll look at it later Make sure you have this top and it's 16 25 because I don't think this should go over that if it's going to go And we could have added to al yesterday I said it, but I didn't want to be aggressive. So I'm not going to add to this either I'm just not And I'll take 15 50 in this today 15 40. I'll take a wee little bit because Again, we really don't get the busy season start till tomorrow But if you didn't do it, you could do it right here If you did not do it, it's do or die now. Here we go under 64 hand of the button one more push up We can get it infy Here we go under the low Here we go We have to go over snow. I don't know if we'll here there. Boom new low and infy. We got to push through 60 I wanted to go over the snow from the other day because I saw something yesterday about it We have time here. We can go over that That was a day I was having internet issues, but I did look at that harder yesterday What's happening with netflix genti Is it rallying or dropping? Here we go infy Is there a reason netflix is up or it's just the market? Why is netflix up? I don't I don't think I'm doing it, but I'll look at it if you want Because we're up in this and we just got to give it one more push in here and we'll be okay Again, this is sort of a snaily thing AL was snaily yesterday too. That's okay. I'll take a snail Snails are still money You're all quick-looking netflix Snails are still money Netflix I have to look up the earnings in this. Is it next week or the following week? I think it's next week Again, if the market fails, this is gonna fail I'd love to talk myself into this. I can't do it. Can't do it. Can't talk myself into going longness. Nope Lay low 418 there we go. Gerard said 418 niner so that is Friday Was it Wednesday? Wednesday Okay, who's in the infeed with me? Who's in it still? Who didn't do it? Who got out? Who's still in it? Again, this this you just have to look at it and you just say, okay, this normally goes 30 cents 40 cents 50 cents is a big day for this So that's the bugaboo So we went 40 cents already But this really was the best thing to do and fast did not break so roman's in it Yeah, netflix is next week. We can look at the whole gamut of next week, but I don't think we should worry about that till monday. Let's focus on what we have out tonight tomorrow morning Which is of course the banks and so Again There's so much data that happened in the last 24 48 hours You could sift through and depending on what channel you turn on the television We'll give you a different opinion about where you think the market's going. So it's kind of funny But we're just we're so range bound that I don't know how anybody could even possibly think That we're going to get out of the range anytime soon Here we go infi one more push Fast think in here that I flipped on to this because fat. We wouldn't have done anything We wouldn't have done anything if we hadn't done this because nothing else is setting up, right? The market's probably gonna fail didn't want to go long couldn't like anything Not good enough and fast was a bust We can get this a 1550. I'll be thrilled I'll be jumping up and down Here we go 61 Every penny counts. We still don't have a theme song for 2023 We can't we can't come out with anything. I'm creatively barren since All my energy is zapped from the internet issues unpacking internet kind of get my Mojo back in my creativity here Come out with a theme song for us for 2023 before 2023 is over So we're gonna get out of this with money. I just don't know where have to be a little bit patient the sooner the better Let's check out the market while we're waiting quick. Let's just Quickly Again, the cues look so different from the spy as well. Very interesting It is moving. I mean look at the volume, but it's just slow But this is how this stock trades if you never trade it before this is pretty much are for the course for empty so Anyways while we're waiting for this to go market sold off yesterday Fed minutes came out Again, we racked deposit in the morning fed minutes came out Then they finally finally finally admitted we could go into a slight recession by the end of the year Like anybody didn't know that so basically we're going to go into recession which everybody knew And just like they said inflation was going to be temporary. It's not going to be a slight recession It could be a deep recession and that's problematic for the economy So it's interesting that they finally came out and said it like that's going to make anything better But that's why the market sold off yesterday or at least one of the reasons there were other things too, but Market isn't going to forget about that today Even if it does it'll won't last It'll be short-lived at best So let's just see Short-lived short term memory You want something that moves fast? I want something that moves fast for me. Give me an idea. Give me something Nothing's here And if the market fails all the things that were up that people were pointing out Netflix this thing that thing ba They're all gonna They're all going to tank with the market if the market fails So I don't have any conviction the market's going to hold up today Again, 13 minutes into the open. It's trying but not not looking good Again, if the market was really going to run and really going to go We started talking with this the other day and then I forget why I got distracted with something We'd already be ripping up We're not doing it like every opportunity the market has to go. It refuses to do it So why there's just not enough buyers? Give me something that's moving. Give me another idea Metta I think infee's fine. It's a snail that's it's not doing anything wrong If infee isn't doing anything wrong at all and if it bothered you with snail, you should have got out with, you know 10 15 cents, but it's really not doing anything wrong. It's just a snail Well, this is uh, this is too late here I needed this idea before the open I don't know if I would have done it though. I don't think I would have done this over infee But this did have a move. We would have been in and out of this ready. This could be it done Too late for that Again, if the market fails then all these things that are up are going to fail Because they're all up because they're up with the market. There's no other reason for anything to be up That's why I was talking about earlier. I tried to talk myself into doing something anything anything at all I tried to look at something that I would say I want to go along this and I don't care of the market fails I found nothing zip zippity-doo-da nothing Here we go. Infee's fine We need to be a little patient for we're up in it It's not a million dollars, but It's not doing anything wrong adobe This is not something I look at every day Again something that normally you would say should be going should be over 380 should be rallying should be should be at 400 should have got to 400 You know what i'm saying like Those of you that have been with me for a long time that have played these things which we've done back in the day Don't you remember back in the day 2018 2019 Back in the day when we were going long every single second The market everything doing options everything was ripping And stuff was cheap to buy too that's we're never going to go back to that again, but Just you don't we don't see that with anything we might see that with some things with earnings season Lulu is another great example. That should be ripping higher. It just it's it's just won't go It's got no juice. I mean it's just you know Telsa I like lower How's that been liking lower wait for telsa to fail and then maybe the spy rolls over This is actually a good short Not right this second not right now not right this second, but this is lower Okay, let's not panic. This is fine Back in the day. Oh, oh you're talking about when we used to go long all the time. Yeah, yeah Exactly the by and d days The tesla days I'm h I don't know what that is Semiconductor etf. Let's look this is sitting on its butt Had a big move yesterday Here we go Let's just see we can get this to in the 50s or the 40s or something here I saw it down this morning, but again, I didn't want to go long it and it is failing And actually again, this is probably a good short I don't want to do more than one thing today and we're up in the whatchamacallit the infi, but If you're dying to do something else This is probably lower too I don't really like that gap, but Nobody's going to buy that today. That's for sure That's for darn tooting sure So plenty of action for today is to make money in this whatever we get out of it and call it a day Then we're going to go over what's in tomorrow morning. We can look at everything And go over the snow quick Why are we up this morning? Because there was a number this morning that said that said with inflation slightly went down Like point zero zero zero penny or something. I was ridiculous like again, we're up prices of things are up It's just like we went down like a it's like a hair It's like if you're trying to lose 50 pounds and you get up in the morning. You lost a half a pound Woo half a pound I mean, I don't think it's anything to celebrate But everyone apparently this morning thought the Fed would then back offer lower rates I I don't think that they're going to but But who knows 61 So al was back down around broke 13 yesterday Still think we did the right thing get now fast, but if you held it it went Again, you could have put the stop at break even and wrote it down could have done it Hard to sit and wait all day for the possibility of that going and then not making any money though. So again How many times have things reversed that we've been up a good amount of money In january far too many. So That's the thing you thought today was wednesday today's thursday Tomorrow's friday, and then it's the weekend and then Uh, what is the tax deadline monday or tuesday? The changed it now. It's never on the 15th anymore Here we go. Imping Patience is a virtue right now Really wasn't anything good. What will we have done if we hadn't done this? What would we have done nothing? There was nothing else to do Literally we could have done meta, but I don't think I would have done it Just a snail That is trying what is this up for another reason because it's trying to go again I i'm not going to do two things like I said. I I don't think I would have done this over infi if I had seen it, but I did not look at this either way. Is this up for another reason other than the market? Does anybody know? Isn't it strange that twitter doesn't trade anymore? Like we're never going to trade that again. It's gone It's still so strange that twitter isn't a public company anymore that we can't ever trade again. It's just gone Gone gone with the wind So I think we're soon going to get out of this and I think it's soon going to go Nice if the market helped us Yeah in this market. This is an impossible situation for the market right now There's too much mixed data like too many people can't make up their mind what to do. It's confusion That's what happens when you're in a range You don't have power to the upside and you don't have power to the downside You have people that are long. They're still up. They don't want to sell You have shorts that try to come in but they can't get the momentum to the downside We've been there that was january You'll have people that go long and there it's not enough money or power to move the market and to get through and break through the point Of actually having any follow through so it's just zero conviction sideways range I mean, we're going into the second week of april. So january february march I mean, we could be range bad in the market. I said this before into the fall Like we might not get out of that range till the end of the year so Fire beware, you know Beware of it all. I mean, we have to stick to selective fix. That's the only way we're going to make money I can't force the market to do something. Here we go. Infi It's a snail and we love snails We were just talking about this yesterday We were just talking about snails yesterday with the escargot when we're talking about aal. We're just talking about this 61 Look at this thing 1561 is a lower right here. It looks good volume's picking up Let's check out a few other things cbx. Maybe well, is it actually gonna move today? I'm still in this option Like again in a normal environment, this would be a 185 From the time I took it it would be at 180 Like go already It's like bizarre Bizarre but we are living in a bizarro world I'm not the only one that thinks that the world's very strange. It's very different now. It's just strange We talk about this when we're talking about customer service and the lack of service Even the internet issues I've had for the last five months and and like calling every day for the last two weeks like It's it's absurd Like we're living in a very strange time to be alive and We just have to find our own footprint and Make our own happiness where we are because We're not going to change the craziness of the outside world. So This is going to break. I know it is just got to wait We've literally doubled in volume More than doubled in volume just since I've been talking here about it So it's going to go what happened with meta Yeah, I don't know so I wonder if something else was going on with this because this is reaching up and again I didn't do it But I'm happy with what I did But I can't help but think this is for some other reason That this is getting bought because this the market does not look like this I think it's too late to do it now though Way too late Well, there must be something else going on with that it's getting bought is kramer talking about it jackie I know you always want to watch What kramer says or gen t is kramer talking about buying meta or something No and talk about the market But I don't want to get off this because if I move off this it could drop and we could miss the exit So I think it's more important to just stay on the trade. We're in here You know as Stanley as it is and then if we don't have time to lecture. Well, I'll lecture tomorrow So what is out tomorrow? I think I think jpm is the main one tomorrow So again, whatever this does today, we'll see how it closes. I'll look at it tonight But it's neither here nor there because it's tomorrow is the day This is earnings in the morning in the pre market and I have to look at what else But I think this is the biggest one for tomorrow And actually now that I looked at that you see that that's red. So the banks are red. So spy is going to fail Cues might only be up because of meta actually But I don't know why that's rallying So here's the cues Here's the spy Again tesla not doing anything And we're waiting on anything Oh, there is news on Metta Well, there you go. There's news on meta Uh wfc is tomorrow Let's take a look Wow, this talk about a snail Infi's moving more than this. Look at this not moving at all. The range on this today is like 20 cents. Look whoa You lost the charts I can reset it. I think every time I change the screen. I think it just do you see infi now Infi's up. I think it's just when I flip to a different chart something happens genti. Do you see infi? Okay, yeah, I think if there's just a time delay So my wish and prayer is that we can get out of this by 10 15 I do not want to be in this till 12 o'clock to make 32 cents, but I don't know it is a snail But it's not doing anything wrong. We've been up and at this whole time. It looks great to break The market may actually help us here shortly. It's starting to fail banks are falling In fact, the only thing I see rally is actually meta But I figured there was something on that so I guess it was news But I didn't see that this morning. No, I still don't think I would have done that over this honestly I would have been worried about the market would have been worried about the market failing and pulling that down and You see what the banks are doing here now too fact jpm We could have done this actually we could have done this today We actually could have done this and if we had we already been done. Look at that In fact, jpm may set up again. I don't really want to do anything else, but But this is this is going to set up again in here Subscriptions are misses. That's what they're all doing now. So meta is going to do that twitter is going to do it That's what they're all doing to make money They need They need income. I guess advertisers have slowed down advertising dollars. That's interesting So jpm actually This this does look good. I don't know here. I really didn't want to do two things though Like I almost am debating if we just do jpm and just kill the mv It's not going to wait for me though 127 All right, I said I didn't want to do two things today If you want to do jpm here, you could put this stop at 128 10 I'm going to do what I said and only stick with the stick with the snail I'm going to I'm just going to stick with the mv But but if you want to do this, you could do it right in here 45 wherever you get filled 128 10. It's it's a good entry targets 127 126 75 If you're losing patience with this You could do it. I have to stick to my roles here.  I said we were going to wait till earning season to get crazy I'm going to follow my roles I'm just I'm I'm impatient like everybody else here, but this really isn't doing anything wrong But you could do jpm. This this this this looks good But I'm going to stay with this. Let's see Oh, you killed it. You got out of this With what like 10 cents Jackie killed the mv. Oh, that's the way the cookie crumbles Okay, 61 is the low in mv. All we need is two more pennies and then go So in an ideal world, what do I want to do tomorrow? I don't even care Whatever is good So we'll look at everything that's reporting tomorrow morning and make a decision accordingly. So Do I think everything's going to do the same thing? No So not all the banks are going to do the same thing and they start tomorrow and carry into next week But they're not all going to be the same just like tech isn't anymore either So it's you know, but it's neither here nor there to me what we do Here we go. I have no bias on either one of those tomorrow No favorite No favorites, but I will say one thing after the first week Like starting tomorrow into next friday whatever next friday is whatever the 21st After one week of earnings season, we're going to know if we're going to get some Movement in the market and stocks like, you know what I mean? We're talking about this yesterday how the first quarter of this year was like a bust for earnings Things didn't go right They didn't have any follow-through You can't figure out where the earnings even was when you look in the chart like so many things were just like Nothing burgers. We're going to know in a week One week from tomorrow if this quarter is going to be the same thing. I don't think it's going to be But we'll know in a couple of days if it's going to be another Season like that Or we're actually going to get things to move And again, it could be to the upside could be to the downside. I don't I don't know I don't know and I don't care. I'm just saying Can you believe this came down and didn't go yet? Here it is again Oh, it did hit 60 It hit it did hit 15 60 Okay, do we have a number at 10? Let me look Did we I don't know maybe cbx will go today. Do we have a number at 10? What a fast do what a mess.  That was too messing. Here we go in fee Looks like we had some kind of number point at 10 because the market's moving Hope today is a day for cbx crossing my fingers Crossing my fingers cbx goes today, but again in a normal market that would have been up 10 points already in a week So it's just here we go. We're gonna get this now It really isn't a bad trade if it gets to 15 50 considering where we originally took it and the original stop How I size it it's really not a bad trade. It's just taking a long time. That's all Any questions while we're sitting here waiting for this? There there we go Come on It just broke Yay Let's see if it'll continue Jeez, I took long enough Here we go It's like I said, this really never did anything wrong Never did anything wrong 57 56 55 every penny counting it You can get out right here if you want though You got to go to work if you have things to do today if you've lost patience with this you can just get out Let's look at the market quick No, it looks like something happened at 10 o'clock right around here Then we pushed up and I don't want to be bothered researching it now But it looks like we had some kind of number because this just pushed up At that based on that timing there But So I don't think it goes anywhere Okay, here we go. We're trying to get in feed of 1550 See if it can break that and if not I'm probably going to be out Right now the most important thing is the consistency till we get some movement and some things or some fabulous Fabulous, fabulous gaps where we're looking for piggy targets We just have to take what we can get and book the money as fast as we can And I tomorrow could be a big day We I mean, I don't know I have no idea how these things act tomorrow morning But they're going to affect the market that I can tell you 54 here we go Yay I think goldman is monday or tuesday. I'll look it up then when we're done It's a long morning, but it wasn't stressful So we'll take it No stress is where we need to be Low stress no stress Zero stress and we can help it. Here we go empty Can you imagine a life if we had no stress?  This is so snaily. I thought I was going to go to 50 now. It's bouncing at 53 Roman are you still in it anybody else roman still in it? What are we in snails every day? Wouldn't be the end of the world Make money every day. It's okay Something's going on here. I got to look it up Something's going on here because we are getting a push We are getting a push here right now as we speak And I can't put the tb on because I'm talking but I might be why this infi just Didn't break 50 yet. I'm just going to take the screen off for two seconds people and I'm going to just go to See if we had anything anything at all It just happened here Because the market is pushing Infi looks good though. Hold on. What time was that 10 o'clock? I don't see anything Let's go to cnbc's website I see anything. I have no idea. It looks like something happened though because we're getting a push But I do not see anything So That's that Strange We need to get out of this soon though because the market is pushing up So I didn't think this could happen and again, I'm laying low in that but One more push in this we got to be out of the infi So I didn't see any data at 10, but we started making that lift at 10 And I mean I could put the news on later, but I don't I don't know why we're doing it But it looked like a newsy thing or something came out because it happened right Right at 10 we broke out there Again, I think the market's going to wait till see what the banks do tomorrow So we'll cross our fingers and maybe cvx will go today It's trying so Definitely looks like something happened here And there's we're not going to have time to go over this snow today. We have time. We'll do it tomorrow or monday, but Long story short the snow We jumped the gun in the snow and nobody called me on it and then when I went back and looked at it I said oh crap we jumped the gun on that Because we really should have never taken a stop in that Because the real only first entry and that actually did go and did work And not till I went back and looked at of course that was a dead internet problems Like I just I thought it triggered But it didn't it did not and we ran it and I jumped the gun on that or it opened late, which Could have could have been the case too, but it didn't trigger So it might have opened late, but it didn't trigger So That was what I wanted to go over in that It's hard sometimes when stuff's moving so fast in the morning Any questions from anyone about anything at all We're having a good day. It's just slow. It really looks like something happened there in the market, but Can't find anything but to think anyone would go long based on today's data into the night before the day before banks report After the scuttlebutt with banks and the bank collapses. I mean, why would you do that? Like Ridiculous to do that actually That's you're just going to go on the market for a day training get out quick Well, we got down to 53 And I did not get out I I I just I might be in this all day. Who's in my plan? Who's still in this with me Roman? Is that it? Looks like everybody else got out. Whatever we do tomorrow isn't going to be a snail. We do Wells Fargo. That's going to move We do JPM. That's going to move too. And again, I can look and see what else is out tomorrow But we wanted a snail tomorrow for sure. But the last two days we're doing snails Let's look at apple. No volume in this weird Oh roman got out too. Oh my god. I'm the only one left in infy Well, but this is breaking out I don't know. Maybe maybe that's why the cues are breaking out too. I don't know Could be Because apple is such a big part of the cues. Maybe it's just apple Maybe that's the only reason You got tired of it. I'm going to stick it out. I'm going to stick it out here and see So I guess I'm the only one left in infy. Let me see if there's anything else going on and we'll go over this And And we'll see if there's anything else DKS. I don't see anything else


So this talk is supposed to be an introduction to CK Snarks. I will start with a general problem setting, then try to explain what zero knowledge is, and then give a quick walkthrough of CK Snarks. So CK Snarks are important, especially for blockchains in two aspects. The first aspect is that blockchains scale much better if they only verify a computation instead of actually doing the computation. So we'll see later what that actually means. And the great thing about CK Snarks is that the verification is magnitudes faster than the actual computation of CK Snarks. The downside again is that CK Snarks themselves add an overhead, but we'll hope that this balances out so that they can actually be a scaling solution in the future. Then the second aspect is that in blockchains, everything is public. All you send to a blockchain is readable by the whole world. And CK Snarks help there because they add a property that is called zero knowledge. OK, let's start explaining what zero knowledge is, or more importantly, so zero knowledge is an aspect or a notion that was defined in the area of interactive protocols. And in an interactive protocol, you always have two parties, a prover and a verifier. And the prover wants to... So this is a quite small room. And I think it's very important to get a very high-quality recording of these talks, so please don't do this stuff with the lights. Sorry for the technical... So we are fixing, just one moment, please. OK, in interactive protocols, you always have two parties, the prover and the verifier, and the prover wants to convince the verifier about a certain fact. It has... This protocol has the property of zero knowledge. If the prover can convince the verifier that the fact is true, but without verifying any detail about why it is true. This sounds really weird, and I hope the examples on the next slide will be verified. And examples of such statements are that a given message is a valid transact in the blockchain, or more abstractly, there is a w such that a f of x, comma, w is y for a fixed function f. But let's take a more specific example, and so one would be a mini Sudoku board is solvable. So what is mini Sudoku? You probably know the regular 9 x 9 Sudoku, and to fit it into the presentation, I will talk about a smaller version, a 4 x 4 Sudoku, but which is the same thing in the end. So you have a board with 4 x 4 cells, and some of these cells are prefilled with numbers between 1 and 4, but not all of them. And the task is to fill all the remaining cells in a way such that in each row there is exactly, so that one of the numbers between 1 and 4 appears exactly once in each row, it appears exactly once in each column, and it appears exactly once in each of the 2 x 2, in each of the 4, 2 x 2 sub squares. And so of course the regular Sudoku games, it's always clear that it's solvable. The question is how, but in this setting, we want to, so the prover wants to convince the verifier that the board is solvable without telling anything about how the solution looks like. And in the general setting, you would also consider boards which are not solvable, and then of course the prover cannot convince the verifier that it's not solvable. So this only works in the positive case. And it is important to note that the protocol we will see next, the size of the puzzle is irrelevant for the protocol. It works for nine times nine, or for 1,000 times 1,000 boards. And the only things we need are a table, a sheet of paper and a pen, and then an opaque sticky tape and a dice. Okay, and so it starts, so of course the prover has the secret solution to the puzzle, it looks like that. And the first step, what the prover does is she shuffles the numbers, so uses the dice to create a replacement of the numbers. So she doesn't move the numbers on the board, but she replaces each number by a different one. So each one is replaced by a three, each two is replaced by a four, each three by a two, and each four by one. And this is how the shuffled solution looks like now, and I also added the replacement here. And because of the specific properties of the Sudoku problem, the shuffled solution is still a solution. So you still have each of the numbers exactly once in each row, exactly once in each column, and exactly once in each sub-square. But it doesn't necessarily fit anymore into this initial setting of the pre-filled cells. Now, the next thing that happens is that the prover writes the shuffled puzzle on a piece of paper and covers each cell individually with a piece of sticky tape. And then the prover puts the paper on the table for the verifier to see. And now it's the verifier's turn. Okay, that's how it looks like now, everything is covered. Both the cells and the replacement is covered with tape. Now the verifier has the following choices. She can either ask the prover to reveal a certain row, reveal a certain column, reveal a certain sub-square, or reveal the initially filled cells from the initial setting and the shuffling. So let's assume she chooses to see the initially filled cells, then the prover will just peel off the sticky tape from the cells from the initial solution and from the substitution, from the shuffling. And the verifier will check that this matches the initially given problem setting. So she looks at the problem setting here on the right. For example, in the top row, there's a three. She looks at the replacement and the shuffling sees that three is replaced by two, looks at the cell in the partially covered table and see that there's a two, so that that matches. And she does that for all the cells in the initial problem setting. Okay, and what just happened? So the prover revealed parts of the, reveal the shuffling, right? Doesn't that reveal any information? I mean, the shuffling is, the prover chose that in secret, but it's not part of the solution. So that's totally fine. And all the initial cells, I mean, there's nothing to be learned there, right? So no private information was shared in this turn. And now these steps one to five are repeated multiple times. And the one very important thing here is that the prover always has to find a completely random shuffling in each round. If the prover uses the same shuffling and the verifier knows the fact, then information can be revealed. So yes, and only if you choose a new shuffling in each round, you achieve zero knowledge. So let's do a second round. We have a newly shuffled board with a newly randomly chosen shuffling and cover that again, put it on the table and now the verifier again has these choices. She chooses to, she wants to see column two. So the prover peels off the sticky tape from column two, but it's not peel off the sticky tape from the shuffling. That's very important. And now what the prover does, and what the verifier does is she checks that each of the numbers one to four appears exactly once in this column because that's the property we want to have. And now you might say, okay, the prover just revealed the numbers in the solution. So some private information was revealed, but that's actually not the fact because this replacement was completely random. Any replacement has equal probability and each replacement actually corresponds to a permutation of this column here. So every correct solution inside this column is equally likely. So not a single bit of private information was revealed here. And yeah, so, and if you repeat this multiple times then the prover cannot cheat or at least it becomes less and less likely for the prover to cheat because the verifier doesn't check everything. She only checks a certain part of the solution in each round, but there's always a certain probability that she will find the error and the overall chance of success in cheating of course decreases exponentially with the number of rounds. And the important thing that happened here is why this works is that the prover actually writes the numbers on the paper, covers it with tape, so it's impossible to change the numbers after the verifier has made her decision what to see. That's basically the way we buy this protocol works. Okay, this was Mini Sudoku and from this example we want to go to CK Snarks. Mini Sudoku still has lots of problems. It's not a really nicely usable protocol and the first problem is that it doesn't use, it doesn't work for generic computation, it just works for these Sudoku boards. But that's actually not true, so you can take an arbitrary problem in computation and transform that into the Sudoku problem, so this is called a reduction or you could also just see it as, you have a solution written in one programming language and you take a compiler and compile it into a machine language. This is also, I mean this is done all the time. These problems just look a little less than computers but they can actually encode all these problems you could think of, so this is a solved problem. It takes a lot of engineering work to make that efficient, that take for granted, but the general problem is solved. So what is actually more problematic is that Mini Sudoku takes many rounds of interaction and this is especially problematic for a blockchain where you want to create a transaction, send it to the blockchain and the blockchain should verify it and then be done with it instead of having all these rounds of interactions and especially the verifier is a person separate from the blockchain that has to use their own randomness and that would also not work in the blockchain context. So we have to reduce the rounds of interaction and at the best reduce it to only one. And the reason why we have this many interactions is that because a single tiny error could be hidden in any cell of this Sudoku board and if there is a single error then the whole solution is wrong. So we have to do these many rounds to increase the likelihood of actually finding this tiny error that is hidden in a single cell. But if we take a different problem that does not have this, if we have take a different game that doesn't have this problem then, okay, let me start again. So we have to find a different game that does not have this problem. So we have to find a setting where a single error is visible almost everywhere and polynomials have this property. So if you change a polynomial in a single place then this will usually change the full polynomial. So take a look at this polynomial here. This is the graph. And now let's change this two X to the four into a one X to the four. And we will get this graph here. And you see it's different at almost every point. And there's of course a theorem that says that two different polynomials of degree up to n can coincide in at most n points. So, and of course, this that we take polynomials that are low degree. I mean, it can still be quite high degree but the degree is usually tiny compared to the number of points we can evaluate the polynomial at. So, and with that we get the error probability to a point where it's negligible. Okay, how do snarks now work? How do they use these polynomials? We use, yeah, special polynomial equations where a proven knows a secret polynomial W such that for all X, A of X times W of X equals B of X times C of X. This is a simplification. Usually you have multiple polynomials and you have to have a way to choose a selection of polynomials according to some rules. But I would like to keep it simple here and just take a single polynomial. So, W is the secret solution that is only known to the prover and the prover wants to convince the verifier that she knows the solution. Oh, yeah. So, and what happens now is that the verify chooses a secret evaluation point. To check that these polynomials are equal that this polynomial equation holds and asks the prover to evaluate the secret polynomials and you already see that this doesn't really work. So, the verify has a secret point. The prover has a secret polynomial. So, and they both don't want to reveal their secrets. So, we have to add another tool and this is homomorphic encryption. Homomorphic encryption, yeah. And then, so they use homomorphic encryptions and magic happens and then the verify can check whether the two polynomials are equal or not. So, what is homomorphic encryption? It allows you to perform computations on encrypted data. So, you have a known function, a known program, but you don't know the inputs that are encrypted some way. You perform the computation and the result is the encrypted version of the result. This does not yet work for arbitrary computations, but so there is theoretical work that allows that, but it's not really practical yet. But we have a tool called pairings which can do it up to a certain point and this point is arbitrary sums and a single multiplication at the end. So, A of X times W of X is a single multiplication. So, it works fine until you take a closer look and see that we actually have more than one multiplication here because X is taken to certain powers inside the polynomial. But this can be worked around by taking a look at this separate for each power of X. Yeah, so you encrypt X. So, you take X to the K and encrypt that and then perform the addition inside the polynomial and the multiplication here at the end. Yeah, and this allows the prover to evaluate a polynomial at a unknown or encrypted point and thus the verifier can check that the polynomials are equal or whether they are equal. Okay, we now reduce this whole thing to a two round protocol. The prover claims something, the verifier chooses a circuit point, prover evaluates the polynomial, verifier checks that they are equal. But we would like to reduce that even further and here is where this thing called trusted setup comes into play. The way it works is, okay. Yes, that's what I just said, sorry. I'll sync with the slides. If you take a look at the procedure here, you see that we don't really need to go from the encrypted form to the decrypted form in the end again. We can just check equality on the encrypted form. So if the encrypted version of X equals the encrypted version of X, then X equals X, yeah. So what we actually, what we don't actually need is the decrypted version of X. So this initial X that got encrypted then sent to the prover and the prover evaluates the polynomial. We don't need this initial version anymore. We only need it once to encrypt it. And this is what the trusted setup does. And especially if nobody knows the non-encrypted version of X at any point, then we can actually reuse the encrypted version of X all the time. We just have to generate it once. And this is exactly what the trusted setup does. We generate an encrypted version of X in a distributed process in a simplified way. You can think of that like, and why do we want it to be distributed? Because we want to share the responsibility among multiple persons. So we want to, if anyone publishes this decrypted version of X, then we can create fake proofs. And if we do it in a way that the encrypted version of X is a combined version of the secrets of all participants, then we require all participants to publish the secrets in order for it to be broken. So, yeah, that's how the trusted setup works. Yes, and this is the, so these secret numbers generated by the participants of this setup is also called the toxic waste because they should not ever publish it. They should just destroy it. Okay, do I have time for a quick wrap up? So we have the trusted set that it generates a reusable encrypted evaluation point. The prover evaluates the polynomials at this encrypted point using homomorphic encryption, using pairings, then verify a checks that the numbers are equal in an encrypted form. This is all quite simplified. I hope the next talks will go into depth there more, and zero knowledge, oh yeah, right, we didn't talk about zero knowledge. This is actually, I mean, the interesting point about Snarks is actually not that they allow zero knowledge, it's that they allow this speed up in verification. And people find zero knowledge more interesting because it's kind of counterintuitive, but actually it's a triviality to add to the protocol here. So the protocol works, so most of the work in the protocol is to allow this speed up, and the zero knowledge just basically comes for free. And this is how it comes for free. The prover just adds a random encrypted number to both sides of the equation. And because it's all encrypted, there's no way for the prover to cheat there, and that's how you get zero knowledge. And the proof itself is eight group elements in an elliptic curve. The verifying is five pairing checks plus some elliptic curve arithmetics. And I'm way out of time now, so thanks for your attention.