What's going on everybody? Got Kyle and Donnie here with Layton Sports Cards and we are ripping. This is 2022-2023. Top's finest. Bundesliga Soccer. Eight box full case number three. Random team stop. We did a randomized for the break. Have Frank U with Bayern down to Alie A with Frankfurt. You can always check those results on our website guyslaytonsportscards.com. Have a results tab at the very bottom. Good luck here guys, let's see what we got. Chris was saying there's some more color in here, so let's see some nice oranges, some golds, maybe a little super fracter action. Got to watch his head around here man. Not always the most accurate. Donnie said that's understatement right there. Box one. Box one. Good luck guys. I don't have to add anything to that statement, let's just let that speak for itself. Please the most accurate. Correct, correct. Oh yeah, much sharper knife right here. Oh yeah. Good luck, good luck. It's a Bundesliga. Appreciate that Mitchell. Appreciate that. It's like an auto first pack. It is number to 50. It's going to be a green auto of Omar Marmouch. That one is going to go for Wolfsburg. That's color badge. Omar Marmouch on the green number to 50. I wasn't expecting green to be to 50 there.  Got Jason Lee number to 250. That one is for mines on the purple. There's a black. It's going to be Garasi number to 199. I did see the black earlier with the one I was kind of throwing off. Yeah, I would think it would be lower numbered. There's a Guardians Lucas Hernandez Refractor of Kaki. It's like our other auto. It is to 80. It's going to be Mario Goatsey. Nice one there for Frankfurt on the auto there. Former number to 80 on the purple. Former World Cup winner Mario Goatsey in a green at Conrad Le Maire to 99. Got a pink of Julian Weigl for Lucian Gluckbach to 300. There's a young talent to Mar for Hoffenheim and pink is Kinsey Coleman also to 300 Byron. Walking in like your dad, man. Later. Guardians LaCroix. Got Marcus Butler Refractor. Got a Karima out of Yemi. Nice one there. BVB blue to 150. That's a young player for Dortmund. Oh, is it Mitchell? That could definitely be the case. That happens a lot with Finest Baseball a bit. Legends of Noveski for mines. And blue wave is Marmouche to 150. The pass just added Matt Corral. Really? Really. That's added Matt Corral. That is an interesting move. Maddie Corral on the pass. Refractor of Dorsch. Now if you guys heard that, Dylan just said Matt Corral got picked up by the pass. Very interesting. It's a legends of Jurgen Kohler, Dortmund, and Black is Thomas Kraut for Schalke to 199. Wonder how Ports feels. Yeah, I don't know. That's an interesting one for sure. I'm down for Corral to get a chance. Guardians Schlotterbeck. Yeah, I don't have a chance to win one. Yeah, I don't know. Who would like Arizona or something maybe? Or even Tampa? Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa. We got the big show. For a year. Good enough. Hey, what's up, William? Yeah, I think about long term. How we doing, Mr. French? How we doing? Stash and crash. That is right. What up, William? Oh, this is going to start. What's up, Nicholas? It is auto for Wolfsburg. Number to 80. You're going to be Marco Freidl. Or sorry, that's Werder Bremen. Werder Bremen. And it's a 300 for Allsburg. We got Ruben Vargas. Allsburg. It has a sausage factory to feed its factory workers. That is sick. Got a Strikers there of Nomeka for Wolfsburg. And this one is Kevin Abguma to 99. We can get like a taco factory. The biggest car factory in the world. A taco factory. I'm down. So we can move in next door. It's a rookie Liebukannon. Why not? Werder Bremen. I'm in. They can have a food truck. We can park it in the warehouse tonight. It's a purple Jau Cancelo for Bayern to 250. We fear something. I'm down. Anyone got a taco truck Donny could borrow? Legends Kagoa. We've got 2199. Jonas Hoffman for Muchen Gladbach. The Black Wave. I like that Black Wave. That's a clean looking parallel there. Is that like a Mercedes dealership or a factory, Mitchell? De Marbe. De Mirbe. Double check that one. Another Auto. It is number to 50. This one is for Wolfsburg. It's going to be Maximilian Arnold. Another green Wolfsburg there. A little color match. And blue is Felix Agout to 150. What kind of Wolfsburg do you need? No, who am I thinking of? Wolverhampton? Are they the yellow? Yeah, they're the yellow. Okay, yeah. That's something. Got gold. It is a gold of Ivan Ordetz for Bochum there. Number to 50. 20 of 50. Oh, VW factory. Gotcha, gotcha. Biggest in the world. Yeah, I'm sure it is a, I'm sure it's a, a psych to see. Guardians of Soba. Garasi. There's a purple. This one is Suat Sardar. For Hertha to 250. Legends of Sammy Kedira. Stute Guard. And paint to 300. We got Geraldo Becker for Union Berlin. He had a couple of solid cards and FIFA last year. Becker. Guardians Kevin Trapp. Got Georena Refractor. Alrighty guys, I'll do it for box two. Box three. Okay guys, first break we got with spots. The fill is going to be our cosmically pristine mixer. It's two boxes of 22 cosmic, two boxes of 23 cosmic and two boxes of pristine baseball. Should be a fun one there. Six box MLB mixer. That is the first one with spots the fill. Got orange. Orange coming. This is a 99. We got a purple auto for Mines of Karim Oni Siwo. Purple to 99. And orange is a rookie for Bochum. It's Patrick Osterhog. That one is 15 of 25. Nice rookie orange for Bochum there. It's a nice color. Really nice pack. Striker's Plier. This one is going to be Bauer. Mix a Million Bauer for Alsberg to 99. Schlotterbeck. Got a Mecha. The Mecha. It is to 150. Going to be Bochum again on the Black Auto is Manuel Reiman. A little keeper auto there for Bochum. And a purple rookie of Derry Scherhant. The 254 Hertha. Blue wave Mario Goatsey to 150. Frankfurt. Got a green wave. Jonathan Burkhart for Mines. Yeah, let's see some color. Let's see some Leipzig, man. I know they got some autos in here for sure. There's a Dahood Refractor. There's a black wave of Akpogum, or Akpoguma, Haufenheim to 199. I like those black waves, man. Yeah, those are nice. Clean design. There's a Legends of Jurgen Kohler for BVB, and a Pink to 300 is Jens Staj. Werder Bremen. Hey, what's up, Chippy? How we doing today, Alvin? Refractor Stasch. Oh boy. Hello. Hello. Legends of Charundalo. And a purple is Marco Turam. Marco's Turam to 250. Yeah, I figured you probably didn't have time. Yeah, Refractor Jesper Lindström for Frankfurt. All right, you guys. Box 4. Box 4. So you got 1-1 earlier? Oh, yeah, Danny Olmo. Oh, it was an auto. So yeah, I got you, Chippy. Uh, you've got, uh, Leverkusen. Leverkusen, Chippy. All right, you guys. Still working on spots in that cosmically. Pristine mixer. Going to be our next one with spots of filp. Six box mixer had 18 to go. This one is a Silverado Dejan Jubitcic for Kohl. Refractor Otto there, not numbered for Kohl and Hoffenheim on a Akapaguma to 250. Hey, no problem, Alvin, no problem. This is a blue for Alsberg, Ruben Vargas to 150. Maximilian Arnold Refractor to 300. For Werder Bremen, we've got a Marco Freidel. Wolfsburg and Bremen have pretty similar logos, the Ws. Legends of Karl Heinz Korbel. And a Purple, the 250. We got a Grisha Promel, Hoffenheim. Yeah, Mitchell's got a Leipzig in this one, Chippy. Guardian's got a Kevin Trapper Fractor. It is to 150. It's going to be a Black Auto Marcus Turam. Nice one there out of Baruscha Muchengladbach. Turam out to 199. And Keon Castilles to 300. Wolfsburg, Stryker's Plie and Black Wave is going to be a Mavropanos for Stuttgart to 199. Refractor Julian Brandt. Greenway to 99. We got a Rookie of Aaron Zettner for Alsberg to 99 on the Rookie. Legends of Settmeyer. And Blue is going to be Lucas Nemetcha for Wolfsburg to 150. There's definitely a good bit of color. You weren't wrong about that, Chris. There's a good bit of color in here. I'm digging it. Soba Sly. Got a Refractor Rookie. This one is Ba for Leipzig. Refractor Rookie. Ready? Box 5. Let's see a Super. Let's see a Red. Oh, Wolfsburg so far. The Autos definitely seem to be Wolfsburg so far. Got a few. Hey, thank you. Adam taking a spot in the Cosmically Pristine. Appreciate you, sir. That one is two boxes of Pristine, two boxes of 23 Cosmic, and two boxes of 22 Cosmic. That would be a fun one. Two 150. We've got a Black Auto for Hoffenheim. It's going to be Kevin Akpuguma to 150. And Black Wave, this one, is to 199 of Itakura for Muchengladbach. Strikers of Inkunku for Leipzig. And Blue is Hudson-Odai for Leverkusen. Callum Hudson-Odoi to 150. He was an EPL at one point, right? Hudson-Odoi. Hey, thank you, Brandon, taking a spot in the Mixer as well. Thank you, sir. We got a Refractor Mueller. Appreciate that, guys. That is the first one with spots to fill so far. The first couple of hours filled up. This is gold. Florian Verts. Nice one there, Alvin on Leverkusen. Nice young player for Leverkusen to 50. Florian Verts, one of the better young players in the entire league. Not bad there to 50. Florian Verts. Legends Charundalo and Purple. This one is going to be the Stupgart Vumpa and Vumpa. The 250 Purple. It was Chelsea. It was Chelsea. I remember him being in the league briefly, at least. I remember the name. Jin Stodge. It's going to go to Byron. It's going to be Silver Otto Paul Voner, the youngster for Byron there. And to 99, we got Eric Martel, rookie for Colm. Hey, thank you, Brian. Appreciate you, guys. We wouldn't be doing nothing without you, guys, so appreciate y'all. To 300, we got a Geronovic Union Berlin. Pink to 300. We appreciate you, guys. It's a rookie, a Juke, for Hertha Berlin. Refractor rookie. Here's a Black to 199 rookie of Ngumo for Muchen Glabach. Legends Noveski and Purple is a rookie Ba for Leipzig there. Number to 250. Senusi Ba. Leipzig. Take some rookie color there for you. Not bad, Mitchell. See if we can get some more going. And Refractor rookie of Fronjik for Wolfsburg. Right, you guys. On the box. Six now. I got you, Chris. I got you. All right, you guys. Three more. Three more. And, guys, we also got teams left in Finest Baseball, PYT style, today. Got some Finest going today. Jordan just grabbed the Rangers in that one. Thank you, Jordan. And Brandon grabbed a Mixer spot. Right, you guys. Box number six. Two 150. We got a Black Auto of Kingsley Coman. Nice one there, Byron. Those Blacks look clean, man. Kingsley Coman there for Byron to 150. And Sylvan Whitmer, the 250, their minds. Modeste and Georena. Another Black there. Number to 199 BBB. They definitely got to put Black in Baseball next year. I like that color. It's a good Finest color. Trude there. This one is Auto to 99. It's going to be Robert Andridge for Leverkusen. Only Purple Auto to 99. Another one there for you, Chippy. And Purple is Daishi Kamada to 250 for Frankfurt. Is Georgina Router to 150 for Huffinheim. I don't think so. The man, do not believe so. Guardian's Ginzer got Hudson O'Doway. I don't believe so yet, Alvin. Or Alexander. There is Yusef Mukoko. Nice one there, BBB to 199. Mukoko to 99. We got a rookie card of Merlin Roll for Freiberg to 99 on the rookie. Merlin Roll. Hey, thank you, George and Jared taking spots as well. There's a Legends of Tony Poulster and a Pink to 300 Jonathan Burkhart for Mines. The man, there it is. We've got a Mavropanos for, which one is that, Huffinheim? Our Stuttgart. Stuttgart. The man. Nice one there on the case hit. Constantinos Mavropanos. The man for Stuttgart. There it is. Right after Alex asked. There it is. Nice one there. That's Charles with the Stuttgart on the man. Legends of Olsich and Purple is going to be Benjamin Heinrichs. Number to 254 Leipzig. There it is, Alexander. Found it. Slaughterback. Got a Sano. Guardians and a Tomas. Tiago Tomas. Alrighty, guys. Two more. Top's finest. Bundesliga. Case number three. We got case number four coming up right after this. What's up, Carl? What do you think? What do you think to that answer for that question? Dylan Sprinkles just told us about that, so I am not sure. I am not sure. Week five starter, says Donnie. I can see it. Probably not, though. I was going to say this. That would be a nice, a good comfort behind story, man. Matt Carrol becomes starter for the Patriots. I like it. I'm down. This one is Otto. It's going to be Rido Baku for Wolfsburg on the Silver Otto, not numbered Baku. Got a Purple of La Croix. Also Wolfsburg to 250. Two games. You're not a, you're not a Matt guy, huh? I guess, Carl. It's a Strikers of Jonathan Burkhart in Mines, and Blue is going to be Gulashi. Peter Gulashi for Leipzig there to 150. Another Leipzig color. Week two. There's a Silver of Sibachu. Evening, evening. Hope everybody's having a good Thursday night here. We've got BVB. This one is going to be a Purple Otto. Nico Schlotterbeck for Dortmund there, number 280. 29 out of 80. And behind it's a 300. We've got a Willy Orban for Leipzig. I'm not a big Mac Jones supporter, I would say. Believer to 199. We've got a Damian for Colm. Yeah, that was a whole, that was a weird situation in itself, Carl. Send Belie down to practice squad. Beckenbauer and a 250. We've got Julian Weigl. Muchengladbach. Yeah, Friday Eve. Friday, Jr. Refractor, Kinsley-Koman. Blue waved a 150. We've got a Demirbe for Leverkusen, to 150. Refractor of Geronovich. Yeah, I guess Sean Payton won a Will Lutzbeck. Will Lutz is on the Broncos now. Oh, Saintskicker. Green to 99. We've got a Rookie, Kan Aiden for Schalke. It's a 99. He looks pretty solid. Yeah, no, definitely. He's hit many game winners against the Bucks. Multiple. Julian Kohler, or Jurgen Kohler, and Daichi Kamada for Frankfurt to 250. Refractor of Jonas Hoffmann. And one more box here, guys. I've got another case coming right after this. This is Finest, Bundesliga number three. Number four going right after. Rattle, rattle, rat. Last box here. We've got a Otto. It's going to be Rookie Otto, Patrick Osterhage for Bochum. Refractor of Rookie Otto, not numbered. And Black Wave is Jens Stahs for Werder Bremen. Number to 199 right behind it. Nice one there. Addie Yemi for VVB, number to 250 on the purple. Hey, what's up, Sammy? How you doing today, sir? Refractor Oliver Kemp. Blue to 150. Matisse Delet for Bayern 250. Delet, Legends Corbell, and a 300. Ruben Vargas on the pink. Osberg. Hey, let's go, Sammy. Good luck. Good luck. Got a full Krug. Werder Bremen. Their last Otto in this one. It is to 99 for Osberg. It's going to be Mergem Berisha. Osberg on the purple Otto. And Osberg, again, is Maximilian Bauer to 250. It's a plie. And Black to 199. We got a Nicholas Schmidt for Werder Bremen. Rookie. Yeah, good luck, Sammy. Got the whole European contingent watching right now. A Maverick Panos, Stuttgart, and purple wave. This one is LaCroix, number to 250. Volsberg. Two packs left. Orange on the back. Nice way to end it with an orange. Legends of Settmeier. And the orange is Danny Olmo, number to 25. 21 to 25. Nice hit there. That one is Mitchell. Very nice. Olmo to 25 on the orange. And the second to last pack. Very nice one there, sir. We'll take that to end it off. And last pack here. Guardians Kevin Trapp and a Ben Spani. Refractor on the back. Alrighty there, guys. That'll do it for Top's finest Boondisliga. That was number three. We'll do a quick auto recap here. Then we'll get going on to number four. Got Otto Pastrik Osterhage for Bochum. We had a Otto Wolfsberg Baku, Paul Vonner for Bayern. We had Djubitic for Kong. This one was the 150, Kinsley Coleman to 150, Ekpo Guma. We've got Marcus Turam to 150. Got Raymond to 150. Berisha, now it's to 99. Slaughter back to 99. Andreech and Oni Siwo to 99. Got Marco Freidel to 99 for Werder. Mario Gotze, nice one there for Frankfurt. And Green, this one is the 50. We've got Maximilian Arnold and Omar Marmouch, both for Wolfsberg. And the man on the case hit was Kosentinos Mavropanos for Stuttgart. Alrighty there, guys. That will do it for our finest case number three. Let me get number four set up. We'll get going right away on it. Appreciate you all.


Shall we talk about the muscles that move the forearm? Forearm movement, granted, we can pronate and supinate, and there are definitely muscles that are involved in that, but for the most part, we're talking about forearm flexors and forearm extensors. We actually only have one forearm extensor, and who is that? You know that's triceps. And if triceps is extending the forearm, and let's make sure we're good, that we're talking just extension of the forearm, where does one of our attachments have to be on the forearm? And in fact, go ahead and take a wild guess. Those of you who know me quite well, it attaches to my favorite bone bump. What is it? It attaches to the alecranon. There it is. Don't make me mad, or that thing will be like, wap, wap, yeah. So the alecranon is the elbow bone, elbow bump that is found on the posterior surface of the ulna. So triceps brachii, all of them attached to the alecranon. Now, two of the heads, triceps, means there are three heads. You have a long head, a short head, and a lateral head. Oh, jeez, they're not even long lateral medial, any of that. And the lateral head and the medial head attach to the humerus. So they like attach to the shaft of the humerus. But do you remember how I told you there was that one that snaked between Terri's major and Terri's minor? That's the long head, and it attaches to the scapula. It attaches to the scapula near the glenoid cavity. And so because of the long head, we have a little bit of arm movement. We have a little bit of arm extension as well. But that's only the lateral head that's responsible for the arm extension. The rest of the tricep is really just for arm extension. Let's go look at that one really fast. Look, who is that? No, that's not where I'm looking. Okay, look, oh, here's latissimus, here's triceps.   There's so many attachments onto the muscle that you can't really, I like muscles where you can grab the attachment and wiggle it. And triceps is very challenging.  Sad story, but the long head of the triceps is easy to find because it passes between Terri's minor and Terri's major. Okay, life is fantastic. Let's get rid of our triceps and go figure out what our next one is. Let's do biceps next. We have two heads that you have to know of the biceps. You have the long head, which we already know that one, right? Because remember the long head of the biceps tendon passed between the two tubercles, the greater and lesser tubercle, in the inter-tubercular groove, good lord. It's also known as the bicepital groove. Dude, who came up with inter-tubercular groove? Bicepital groove is way cooler. So the long head travels through that groove and comes up and attaches to the scapula by the glenoid fossa, fossa, fossa on the superior end. The short head, this is nice. The short head attaches to the coracoid process. Why am I not writing these down? Why didn't you remind me to write them down? Okay, short head attaches to coracoid process. Long head attaches to above the glenoid fossa, fossa, fossa. And I say above, it's actually a bump called the superglenoid process, but we didn't learn that one in our boom bumps, so you can just know that it attaches near the glenoid fossa. Who else attaches to the coracoid process? Peckminer attaches to the coracoid process, so they share because we're friends. Biceps brachii, there's a little bit of messiness in the distal attachment, but the piece that I want you to know is that biceps, we'll just say both of them, attach to the, I can do this, it's on the radius, I think it's the radial tuberosity. I can see it in my head, I just want to make sure I have the right name for it. Radial tuberosity, and it's so cool because, well, we'll talk about the biomechanics of biceps brachii and we'll have a push-up, push-up challenge in class. That'll be super fun and I'm really competitive, so I better start training. All right, major action, both, okay, now think about this. We are traveling from the radius across the humerus and up to the scapula, so tell me about the actions that we're going to have. Across the elbow joint, so one of our actions is going to be flexion of the forearm, and that makes sense, right, and you can feel it, flex your bicep when you contract your bicep, when you flex your forearm at the elbow joint, you're cool.  And I'm trying to say that these happen at both, like both of my bicep flavors are responsible for arm flexion and forearm flexion because both of them attach to the radius, which is distal to the elbow joint, cross that joint, cross the shoulder joint as well and attach to the scapula. Biceps, rockin' two joints, doggies, that's exciting. Brachialis, brachialis is a flexor. It does not cross two joints. It only crosses the elbow joint, so it flexes the forearm, and let's see if I can remember where brachialis attaches. It smashes onto the humerus, so it attaches to the shaft of the humerus on the anterior surface and deep to biceps. And then my other attachment is gonna have to be, I know it has, oh, I got it. See, this is why you had to learn these things. What bone am I being right now? Oh, this is my favorite part of the bone, whack, whack. Okay, this is your ulna.  That's the coronoid process. Remember that thing? I gotta make sure that I'm correct. Let me make sure. Brachialis, coronoid process?  Now think about this, coronoid process. And who was the coronoid process on? I was trying to do that little whole thing. It's on the ulna. So, coronoid process, ulna, two smashed on the humerus, strong, like crazy, strong forearm flexor. When brachialis and biceps work together, you aren't messin' around unless, of course, you pronate. Uh-uh. But I'll fight you because we'll have a competition, a pull-up chin-up competition. And I know the trick. I know how to make sure biceps and brachialis are engaged. Brachioradialis. Brachioradialis is clutch for making sure that you can identify the next set of muscles, which are all hand and finger movers. Okay, whatever. So, brachioradialis, brachioradialis, which side is it gonna be on, medial or lateral? Let's just be loud and in charge. It's lateral because it's on the radial side. And guess what one of its attachments is? The distal attachment is to the styloid process of the radius. That's why we had to know that one, you guys. And then its other attachment is somewhere on the humerus. Shall we check where? Brachioradialis, lateral, distal, humerus. I love that. Look, lateral, distal, humerus. And what does it do? Flexes the forearm. All right, let's go look at them really fast before we do anything else. Because I know you want to do other stuff. Where are we? Triceps were good. Let's look at biceps brachii. We talked about biceps brachii. It's two pieces. It's attached to the radial tuberosity.  The long head of biceps, long head is lateral. It passes between the tubercles through the inner tubercular groove. It attaches superior to the glenoid fossa. Fossa, fossa, fossa. The short head is medial. The short head, I mean, I'm looking at this going, dude, the short head looks longer than the long head. It's always helpful. So just go with short head is medial. Short head travels up and attaches to the coracoid process on the scapula. Fantastic. And we're going to have flexion of the arm and the forearm with this because it's spanning two joints. That would be an awesome test question to analyze. I could give you a scenario where I'm not telling you the muscle name, but I could tell you it spans two joints and it, I don't know how I would say that, but your answer to this question that I don't know how to say it is, it spans two joints. So it's going to cause movement at two joints. Okay? So memorize that. Oh, geez. Let's look at brachialis. Remember I said brachialis was deep to biceps. So if we peeled back biceps, we would see brachialis underneath there. Biceps would go up over the top. In fact, let's put our biceps back on. See how biceps is on there? Let's get rid of biceps and now we can see brachialis deep. It smears on to the shaft of the humerus and it comes down and it attaches to the coronoid process of the ulna and is a really powerful forearm flexor. And then brachioradialis. Now look at this thing. Brachioradialis is weird because it's a long, long, long muscle, but it isn't a hand mover. It doesn't cross the wrist joint. It just goes from the lateral distal end of the humerus all the way down to the styloid process on the radius. So that puppy's going all the way down. Now you have a wad of muscles right here, also known as the mobile wad of Henry. Dude, how awesome is that? Everybody palpate your mobile wad of Henry. Seriously, brachioradialis is part of the mobile wad of Henry. All right, the good news is we have one left and our last section is all about muscles that move the hand at the wrist joint, although we do have some phalange flexors and extensors. These are the flexors. K, I'll see you in a second.


So, in surface coating technology we already know that this vacuum system is one of the very important peripheral support and it maintains a certain level of pressure within the system. It depends upon a particular coating process and among one family say for example, C V D we have different degree of vacuum which will be essential to maintain a steady state in the process and to finally, achieve a quality coating. Similarly, P V D is also a process where also we need to maintain a certain degree of vacuum that means, the process pressure within the chamber, but more importantly evacuation of the system before initiation of this process that is also very important. So, from that point of view we have two classes of equipment vacuum equipment namely the pumps and as we have already mentioned the basic purpose of this pump is to reduce the number of gas molecules within the reaction chamber within the this coating chamber so that the process can be initiated and in this we have two types of pumping system and today we shall discuss this production of high vacuum, how we can produce high vacuum inside the system and that for that we have to really look into what are the types of pumps. Now here what we can see that a pump for the high vacuum it can be just a moving it can be even stationary that means, there is no moving part and then it can have further classification that means, it is mostly mechanically working and here it is stationary so there is no rotor as such no rotor or impeller. However, in this moving one we have to finally, find out whether the waste is thrown outside that means, whether it needs one exhaust. So, in the stationary pump also we have one such variety where we need also this exhaust that means, that is delivered outside. However, in this stationary group we have another one where this residual gas molecules which were very much in the present in the pump those are not thrown outside and, but what has what is done then it actually in this case what we call it is actually immobilized. So, these gas molecules are really immobilized within the chamber itself and there are certain parts or certain surfaces on which this whole thing will be adsorbed or trapped. So, this is also another way of doing the thing. So, here we should look into and we shall see how all these pumps are working and all these are definitely working based on certain principle. So, let us look one by one what are those pumps. Now, pumps for high vacuum that we what we are going to discuss today. So, this is actually a vapour ejector pump. In fact, what we can write here this is actually a vapour pump. Vapour pump means we take the help of some vapour of some element it can be vapour of mercury or it can be vapour of some oil and that is used and that entrance the gas molecules and it is along with that this oil vapour which attains certain velocity and since it it entrance that gas molecule. So, that gas molecule is thrown outside and this way we have two types of vapour pump one we call vapour ejector pump ejector pump and another is diffusion pump. So, this vapour ejector pump that actually works in the principle of molecular drag and turbulence. So, it is actually the drag force which is arising out of this viscous force and that is called a viscous drag. So, let us look have a look quickly this pump just looking at this line diagram. So, here we have this one chamber which is a reservoir of the oil. So, this is a reservoir of the oil and that is the extension of this oil reservoir. So, this is actually the reservoir of the oil and then this tube is bent it is bent and then what we have in addition to this is one vessel it goes inside and here what we have a cone like thing. So, this is actually going to outside and here we have this tube. So, here we have a connection like this. So, this is actually a connection. So, this is more or less the basic thing what we have shown with this light diagram let us also recognize the various parts. So, here what we see that is the opening that means that is the inlet this is actually the inlet. So, this is inlet and this is actually the outlet and what we have here this we can join. So, this is actually the tube. So, this oil vapor so, in just beneath it we have one heater. So, this oil vapor this is heated and then this is moving upward because of this vapor pressure and at this point what happens if there is some gas molecules from the chamber vacuum chamber is on this side. So, that will be in contact with this oil vapor and since it is moving in this direction then that will this oil vapor will entrain this gas molecules and that will move in this direction and since we have one convergent this cone shape that means in this case the velocity will increase and as a result the whole thing will move in this direction and then by proper cooling. So, here we have water cooling in this here. So, in this water cooling in this zone we can recycle this oil vapor which will come that means which will be flown back through this line and it will be recycled. So, it is actually creation of the oil vapor and this oil vapor entrance this gas molecule from the chamber and then that will be dragged and why it is called it is actually viscous drag and turbulence that means this mixing that means this gas molecules that is actually entrained by this gas this oil vapor. So, this is actually the oil vapor this is oil. So, it is actually the viscous drag and the turbulence because of this simple reason here we have one dimension and that we called the throat width throat width and in this case this throat width that is greater than lambda what we called the mean free path. So, in this case since it is greater than lambda. So, in this case there will be collision and between this molecules and as a result of that we have viscous drag and turbulence and as a result of that this will be delivered in this direction and that is going to be one outlet. One thing we have to be careful here that this outlet pressure is still not atmospheric and it is in the order of 10 to the power minus 2 order or 10 to the power minus 1 and in this case just it cannot work. So, on this side we need one rotary van pump which is used for evacuating the system down to 10 to the power minus 2. So, from 10 to the power minus 2 the pressure will be raised to atmospheric pressure atmosphere and with that it can be thrown outside and the job will be done effectively and successfully. So, this is actually vapor ejector pump. So, here this ejection is done by this viscous drag and turbulence. Now comes diffusion pump. In fact, here what happens what we have said throat area that means just at the entry point that means near the inlet. Near the inlet we have a throat area and that term that parameter that is called width of the throat and this width of the throat in this case, width of the throat, width of the throat in this case that is actually less than lambda that means in this case we do not expect any collision within the gas molecules because the mean free path is larger than this one greater than this one. So, in this case it will be just like diffusion and it is almost resembling the diffusion process that means what we can see just by looking at this construction of the diffusion pump. So, it is actually the oil vapor creation of the oil vapor then this oil vapor will be deflected through a nozzle through a slit thereby attending a supersonic speed and with this supersonic speed it is going to entrain that gas molecule which comes by chance in front of the throat which we like to which we can see just now and by that process it will move with a very high velocity in the downstream direction and then just pushing this thing in the delivery side that means on the exhaust side. So, let us look how does it work it is basically a concentric tubes that is in the construction of this pump. So, this is one tube over which we have what we call one umbrella and then further to this what we have we have here another umbrella and then we have another concentric tube. So, this is the second stage we can also have the third one and in this case we have another concentric tube. So, this is more or less the construction and you have 1, 2 and 3 concentric tubes and these are called this is one chimney then you have one second one and that is the third one and here we see the three umbrellas and what we can show further to this here this is the outermost surface that means the shell. So, that is the casing and just beneath this we have one heater. So, this area actually filled with oil this is the oil reserve. Now, what we can see here? So, what we call throat? So, let us put this way. So, that is the flange and on this side we have the chamber. So, this side we have the chamber that evacuate to be evacuated. So, this is actually the inlet side inlet and what we call throat area actually this is the throat area. So, this is called the throat area. So, width of the throat means this gap. So, what we can see here that stream of vapour that will move in this move upward, but it will be deflected and here we have cooling coils cooling coil and what we have further to this here? We have one opening here this is the opening and that is going to the exhaust. It is not exactly exhaust it will be connected to the backing pump this is the backing pump it will be connected. So, let us look how does it work? So, this will be deflected and here we have the stream. Similarly, we have another stream emerging out through this second stage we have also another stream flux that is also moving this way and here we have the gas molecules which are on this side on the chamber side. So, what we can see here that this part this particular portion this portion from this to this it is actually the vapour, but if we magnify this thing it will look like a cone it is a truncated cone that means, virtually it is going to be a truncated cone having this shape and in this truncated cone that means, this vapour stream is diverted it is deflected and now it is falling just almost like making one truncated cone. So, for this pump this surface this conical surface which is part of the cone that is actually the active pumping surface. This is actually the active pumping surface on which this gas wheel this particle is going to impinge. Now, when it does impinge with a strikes it is already entrained and at the same time this stream is going to strike or hit this cold wall of this chamber. So, first is impingement of this gas gas molecule gas particle from this chamber this is impingement number 1, then it is entrained now it is moving and at the same time it is going to hit this straight forward this cold wall and it is cooled by chilled water and there this oil gets condensed and this condensation is continued throughout this down this height down this length of this outermost shell and what is what happens then the oil which gets condensed that is flown back to this surface to this surface that means, this is the oil reserve it flows back and then the process repeats itself. So, that means, there will be continuous evaporation vapour production of vapour of the oil through these three tubes this is the core these are the two annular tube and at the same time there will be deflection of this vapour where it attains supersonic speed. So, here it is moving with a supersonic speed and then it is the impingement of the air molecule or gas molecule then the whole thing moves with this high velocity and in the process it strikes the wall this gets condensed and what happens this gas molecules which is separated that is accumulated here and then this is actually the opening and through this opening it is going in this side and here we can expect a pressure of 10 to the power minus 5 with a ordinary diffusion pump at this throat area very close to that inlet and the pressure very close to 1 into 10 to the power minus 1 at this stage. So, what we can say here that this is actually the first stage compression here. So, this is the first stage compression this is the second stage compression and this is going to be the third stage compression here this is going to be the third stage compression and as a result of this what we see here that this will be a choked. So, here we also have the fourth stage of compression. So, pressure will be raised from 1 into 10 to the power minus 5 to 10 to the power minus 1, but since it is already got into this oil vapour and it is almost resembling a diffusion process and from this we need to have a backing pump say for example, a van pump and this van pump will be connected here. So, that will be a backing line which has been already discussed in some of those previous lecture. So, that will be the total system consisting of the diffusion pump and the mechanical pump and that actually constitutes the backing line. So, this way the diffusion pump work actually this diffusion pump this can be explained by one principle suppose if we have a tube and here we have at right angle a connection and then what we have here a vessel which is filled with some gas. So, this is actually gas filled and here say this is point a b this is c and this is d this part we have a water jacket. So, it is actually mercury vapour which is flowing in this direction this is mercury vapour. If we cool this area cool this area then what is going to happen all on a sudden there will be condensation of the gas and there will be a fall of pressure. So, this will move in this direction and in this process it will be entrained by this mercury vapour. So, mercury vapour will entrained that one and as a result of that it will flow with the mercury vapour and there will be a continuous flow of gas and this process is very similar to a diffusion process. So, this principle what we what we understand here just by condensing the vapour and then just dragging it that is exactly what we have applied or what based on which principle this diffusion pump works. Now comes turbo molecular pump. So, what we have seen diffusion pump actually this diffusion pump it is a non rotating part no part no component of this system is a moving one. So, it is a stationary one, but it is it actually throws this thing this residual gas to the outside and then that is why we need a backing pump. So, it is not absorbed in the system or the residual gas is not immobilized, but this turbo molecular pump that is a rotating one and in this case what happens in fact, the principle is something like this that means, suppose there is a surface which is moving at a very high velocity and if one gas molecule strikes that one then a directional velocity will be imparted on that. So, this is actually the principle of the turbo molecular pump that means, the gas molecule is imparted with a high directional momentum when it strikes or encounters actually a moving surface. In fact, this turbo molecular pump it is just like the turbine of turbine of aircraft. So, it has sets of stator rotors and stator and this rotor that is actually consists of blades just like the turbine. So, this rotor that is a disc it consists a number of blades similarly in the stator we have also the corresponding number of slits. So, this way it works now let us look into the basic construction of this pump. So, here what we have? So, there is a shaft and it is moving this way at a very high speed it can be 50000, 60000 it can be even 100000. Now, what we can see here that on this we can have just like these blades. So, similarly what we can show in this side this one. So, this is one set similarly this is actually the rotor. Now, just adjacent to this we have the stator. So, this is one set. So, this is stator and this is rotor and what we have just on this side. So, this is one stage we can draw another stage also like this and another set of stator. So, the whole thing. So, that means, this is actually rotating. So, if we consider the velocity linear velocity it will be directed in this direction. So, this is also another rotor. So, let us put this thing. So, it is moving in this direction this is also moving in this direction. So, this is also rotor and this is the stator and what we have further to this. So, we can have I have shown just two stages we can have 5, 6 stages and this way the thing will go and here what we have we have one outlet from this turbine pump in this direction and that is going to be that is actually just like the backing line of the diffusion pump. So, that can go to the vane pump. So, it is just like a backing support. So, what we see here in this case the gas molecules. So, this is just like the opening. So, this is the inlet and that is the outlet. So, the gas molecules these are actually when it hits this surface it attains a directional velocity and momentum and here what we can see that these are not parallel to the axis, but they are inclined. So, that means, there are slots. So, these are the radial slots which are cut on this disk and this radial slots which are having certain angle. So, this is the angle. So, it is in an oblique manner it is cut and in the process what happens if the gas particle encounters here. So, it will be heated by this surface as a result of that it is going to be adsorbed on this surface. So, it is actually adsorption that means, it is approaching and it is absorbing at the type of absorption on this blade. So, these are the blades. So, it is adsorption and it is actually arriving with certain incident velocity and then it will also dissolve with after some residence time desorption. So, adsorption and desorption that will also take place. So, from that point what is going to happen it will have a normal velocity and with this normal velocity it will move in this direction that means, the direction is such that this particular material will move in this it is inclined in such a manner that this gas molecules when they are re-emitted. So, desorption and it is called re-emission re-emission and during re-emission what is going to happen that during re-emission this particle will be directed towards this surface mostly because of this particular orientation. So, that means here in the design what is very important that as this material heats the surface of the blade then it receives a directional velocity and momentum and this directional velocity favours its further movement to the stator in this direction. So, this orientation of this blade that favours that directional momentum and velocity towards this stator and this rotor is also moving. So, compared to this stator it has also certain relative velocities though it is stationary, but if we consider this speed of this compared to this it also has one relative velocity. So, in this way there will be a effect in series. So, the thing will move after striking this surface it will move to that and then it will be re-directed and finally, it will come out from this surface and where we have no further rotor. So, from this surface it will be pushed through this line and because of this very high velocity it will have a movement and in this case there will be a van pump which will do the remaining part of the operation. That means, if it leaps at a pressure of 10 to the power minus 1 which is tor which is below atmosphere then it will also from this pressure residual pressure it will raise the pressure up to the atmosphere. So, that the remaining gas molecules which are actually evacuated from this vacuum chamber that will be actually pushed through this tube and through the van pump it will be thrown to the atmosphere. So, the basic principle is like this here the high velocity of this rotor that is utilized to give a directional velocity and momentum to the gas molecule which is going to strike this surface and this surfaces are designed in such a manner that means, there should not be any backward flow and flow will be always from inlet to this discharge spout and in this case this angle that is one of the parameter of the design that should be taken into consideration and this way a high vacuum can be created. And here one thing can be noted that earlier there was a requirement of giving just a gap between the stator and rotor of just 20 micron and that was not an easy task in the very construction of this pump in the mechanical construction of this pump. So, it was not that very attractive equipment for all ultra high vacuum activity, but with some improvement and modification of this design thus requirement has been now much more liberalized and just a gap of as high as 1 millimeter now is allowed between the stator and the rotor and that makes the task of fabrication of pump is rather easy and with that what we can have we can have further use much more use extensive use of this pump in all ultra high vacuum activity. One of the greatest advantage of this pump with respect to the diffusion pump that we can have a quick look here when we discuss this diffusion pump we have already always assumed that there is this deflection and that is actually in the downward direction, but for unfortunate eventuality if we do not have proper cooling and condensation if there be some backstripping of this vapour that can contaminate the chamber and the specimen, but such thing we do not foresee in this case here only the thing is that rotational speed and this pumps are actually put in the with a vertical shaft vertical axis because of the orientation of the chamber and in that case naturally alignment of any shaft with two end bearing support in the vertical position and that is considering any mechanical assembly that is one of the greatest challenging task in the construction and fabrication of this diffusion pump. So, this turbo molecular pump it works at a very high velocity and with this high velocity we attain a high momentum which is transferred to this. Actually it is no more a molecular drag rather it is one should say that it is actually transfer of momentum in a particular direction when the material gas molecule actually impinge on this blade surface. So, it is just like this momentum transfer that means, this gas particle molecule this acquires a high magnitude directional momentum. Now, we can see this cryo pump that means, it is actually use of cryogenic medium. Now, when we have seen sorption pump that means, that we have already discussed sorption pump and here we also have seen that it is actually adsorption on the surface of molecular ship and which is super cooled by liquid nitrogen. So, that was the principle of this sorption pump and it was mostly physical adsorption on this surface. So, this was the molecular ship which surface was used for adsorbing the molecule and it is actually a not a high vacuum pump, but it is a roughing pump it can be considered as one of the substitute for a rotating vane pump. But this cryo pump that is actually a vacuum pump and here what we see that it is actually the liquid helium that is instrumental in getting this high vacuum. So, this is actually one stage and here we have the provision. So, this is the chamber we can have some gap ok. So, let us have a quick. So, this is actually the chamber. So, this is one stage. So, this is actually this is the pump this is cryo pump. Now, this one is a super cooled stage and it is cooled by passing not liquid nitrogen, but liquid helium it is H e and here the temperature that is kept on this surface it is 20 K Kelvin and here what we have some condensing arrays of metal plates condensing array and that is kept at about 80 K. So, these surfaces are used for condensing water that means, trapping the moisture and this surface that is for trapping all sort of gases. So, here these will be adsorbed on these surfaces except hydrogen and helium and for this what is used what is used activated charcoal that is used that can be also used and that can be kept at 20 K also 20 degree Kelvin and that will be most effective material for also trapping this hydrogen and helium. So, this is one thing we can also use and this is not only it is non rotating and also here what we have seen it is unlike that of vapor ejector pump or diffusion pump here the material is adsorbed and it is made totally immobilized and that has to stay here and later on this thing can be heated to move it out, but at that point this surface will be adsorbed by this condensation of these gases at this point. So, this is called what we call a cryo pump. Now, this is called Gatering pump Gatering pump it fact it is it means that a particular substance that capture or gets the gas molecules on its surface. So, it is just the intention here how to get those gas molecules on this surface of a particular metal it is a strategic metal which can capture those thing on its surface and it gets all those material on its surface and that is why it is called a Gatering pump. In fact, in a Gatering pump the material which gets this some gas molecules that is nothing but titanium. So, it is actually a titanium Gatering pump and we can also call it titanium sublimation pump sublimation pump titanium sublimation pump. So, what is done in this case it is also a non-rotating pump where this gas molecules are immobilized. So, they are not pushed anywhere outside the pump. So, what we can see in this case say this is the chamber and what we have we can have here say for example, one titanium foil or a titanium coil. So, this can we can put this way. So, this is titanium. So, it has a lead wire which can go on this surface and we can close this sorry we can close this like the like this one and on this side we have the lead wire connection and the whole idea here that with this vacuum it has to sub limit. That means, it will be heated and the material from this titanium coil or titanium foil that will keep on evaporating. That means, we can also show this way say this is one titanium coil and it has just it is placed and it has just one annular surface it is just having one annular surface here. So, by heating this the entire surface will be covered by titanium and by this cover we get a surface with an enlarged surface coated with titanium and that surface will be used for getting those gas molecules which are to be removed from the evacuation vacuum chamber and in this case it is mostly chemisoption of those gas molecules because titanium is well known as a reactive material. So, it is through this chemisoption we can get a reduction of pressure and this is normally done in any sputtering process just to evaporate if we have a titanium target just to evaporate sputter titanium and it can coat some of the surfaces and thereby we can get a relatively high vacuum which is just not possible without this sputtering of titanium. So, this is actually this gatoring pump or titanium sublimation pump. Now, we get this ion pump. Now, ion pump is something here what we are going to do that the gas which is present inside the chamber that will be ionized and when it is ionized and if we can keep one cathode inside the chamber which is polarized with negative this negative potential. So, this is a cathode. So, that means, first of all within the chamber we must have electron available which will be used to ionize the gas. So, it is actually ionization of the gas followed by attracting this ion ions in a in a directional manner by putting one electric field that means, here this ions will be attracted electrically by this plate and by that there is movement of gas molecule gas particle not just as a neutral, but just like an ion and this is actually in principle known as the ion pump or ion pumping. So, these are attracted by this cathode. Now, in this ion pump we can also have sputter ion pump or evaporation ion pump two types of pump either evapor it is called evapor ion pump or sputter ion pump. Now, in both the cases what happens in this case the material say for example, titanium, titanium can be evaporated and this material the place where it is going to be evaporated that is actually polarized and that surface which is coated with titanium that which is coated with titanium as a result of evaporation that will be polarized with negative bias that means, that will be now used as cathode and then this ionized gas that will be attracted towards this surface. So, this is actually called evaporation ion pump that means, titanium will be evaporated gas will be ionized and this evaporated surface of titanium will be polarized with negative potential and this ionized gas will be attracted on this titanium coated surface which is now serving as a cathode. Now, sputter ion pump here instead of evaporation we sputter the surface of interest by titanium and here the coating is done by sputtering and this particular gas which is a reactive gas that can be absorbed on the surface which is actually sputter coated with titanium. So, these are the pumps that means, ion pump then sublimation pump and this cryo pump these are the pumps which are used for evaporation and also for immobilizing the gas particle which are present within the chamber. Now, with this we can summarize today's discussion that for high vacuum operation we have two types of pumps one is rotating another is non rotating and in rotating we have turbo molecular pump where this gas particles acquire a directional momentum of a very high magnitude and through that it can attain sufficient velocity to be moved from the inlet towards the exhaust following various stages of a rotor stator state of the turbo molecular pump which is just like a turbine of one aircraft. Now, here we have also diffusion pump which is also very commonly used here actually the oil vapor entrance the gas molecules once it comes in close proximity and by this supersonic speed it drags it down the pump shell and thereby it releases and it gets the oil vapor gets condensed and then a four pump there which does the remaining part of the job that means, raises the pressure to atmospheric. We have further to this those pumps where those gas molecules are immobilized and these are non rotating in cryo pump it is adsorption of the gas molecules on a super cooled surface and when it is sublimation pump or ion pump either evaporation ion or sputter ion in both the cases it is actually chemisorption of this gas molecules on the surface of titanium coated surface.


This is Stockimer 10471. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used heavy-duty truck and RAM headquarters. Today we are checking out this super clean 2016 RAM 2500 crew cab short box with the RAM box. This truck has a 6.7 liter Cummins diesel and has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop. It has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off. And this truck is 100% ready to go. Bright silver metallic is the color. We shoot all of our videos in 1080p 60 frames per second. So if you have HD capabilities on your computer tablet or a smartphone device turn them on right now because it is like you're right here looking at the truck with me and definitely your best way to check out the vehicle quality and condition wise before seeing it in person. If you want to check out more photos in the upper right hand part of your screen they link right to our website so click that and check us out there. It comes with the 20 inch painted alloy rims with the chrome pockets and it has BF Goodrich All Terrain LT285 65R20 tires. These tires are basically brand new just about all the tread left on them. If we didn't put them on in our safety inspection they were just put on very, very recently. I'd say 95 to 100% of the tread left. Front bumper no dents or dings on that. As a Rough Country LED light bar. I didn't see any dents or dings on the hood. It does have a 3M protective tape on there to protect it from any rock chips. Passenger side fender is in excellent shape as well. And the passenger side rim very clean too. As you go down this side of the truck you can see just how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror like that paint is. We take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and just cannot make the trip down you can still see the truck, hear the truck and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here. So that when you do get here there's absolutely no surprises. In fact we offer a Summit Auto Fastpass option in the upper right hand part of your screen. They link right to our website where you can apply for financing, get pre-approved, see a payment quote. Even appraise a trade if you have one. Has some nice aftermarket powder coated step bars. You can see the frame and under bodies and really nice condition. This truck came out of Iowa. Has all the remaining factory exhaust. So it hasn't been altered in any way shape or form and all the lower rockers look really good as well. This back rim is in excellent shape too. No scuffs or scrapes.  You can still see the little wear knobs on the tire there. So brand new in the back as well. The ram box. Pretty cool feature. You do get lights in here that go on like so and there's plugs in the bottom that you can drain it if you want to use it as like a cooler. As we come around to the back of the vehicle rear bumper is in really nice shape. I didn't see any dents or dings on that. It does have the back of parking sensors and the tailgate is in excellent shape as well. Comes with a Truxedo low pro soft roll up tonneau cover. No rips or tears on that. It does have the bed rail or the storage system and the tailgate bed extender. Gooseneck hitch and LED bed lighting along with a spray and bed liner. As you go down this side of the truck just as clean as that passenger side I always like seeing mud flaps on here.  That's probably why this truck is so clean all the way down the side here. For full disclosure this back rim is in nice condition as well. This one has the heated foldout tow mirrors so they go like so. They also built in directional signals in them. They also power fold in which I'll show you in just a second here. Press this button right here and they will fold in like so. I always like showing both sides to make sure that you know that both sides are working properly. Power windows power locks power mirrors weathertech floor mats throughout. Inside the outdoorsman package gives you the charcoal gray cloth interior like gray. Power drivers see with the lumbar the weathertech floor mats auto headlamps and as we hop inside the vehicle here you can see that it has the seven inch LCD display digital speedometer outside temp and compass. You got your trailer gain and your range to empty on both sides and 33,788 miles on this truck. Comes with the heated leather wrapped steering wheel cruise controls on the right Bluetooth and information center controls on the left and audio controls on the back of the steering wheel. Six speed automatic transmission has the 8.4 touchscreen radio AM FM and Sirius XM radio capabilities. You got your heated seats and heated steering wheel button and you can check out your backup camera right there as well. You can do your climate control here too. Now the cool thing about this radio this is the 3C radio. It does not have navigation if you wanted to add nav to this radio. It's $595 and we can do it here at our dealership. See your sales professional for more details.  Also has the factory brake controller. This one has the alternate trailer height which means that it has the rear airbag suspension and it does have stability control as well. You got your heated seats and heated steering wheel buttons, tow haul, factory exhaust brake and you can turn those rear parking sensors off. It does have the turned out four-wheel drive the 115 volt, 150 watt plug-in. That weather tech floor mat goes over the hump all the way down to that side and is very clean. I don't think this truck's ever been smoked in. The headliner is in excellent shape and you do get map lights, power slide and rear window and your home link buttons for your garage door security systems and lighting systems 911 and assist buttons in the rear view mirror as well. And we'll take a quick look at the back seats. I also want to show you that rear airbag suspension because it's pretty cool but we'll check out the back seats first. No rips or tears back here. It does have the latch child safety system, the power sliding rear window.  If you got pets you can put both sides down. They got a nice flat place layer. If you got muddy boots or tools put them on here.  Storage underneath the seats and then there's in-floor storage. In-floor storage on each side with removable bins for easy cleaning. You can put ice and drinks in there. And then you got four coolers wherever you go. Has the child safety locks back here and I'll show you that rear airbag suspension. Which is pretty cool stuff.  And we'll take a quick look under the hood. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this HD video you'll be able to tell just how clean this truck is all the way around inside and out. Under the hood we have the 6.7 liter Cummins diesel. Engine based very clean runs very smooth. This truck has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop. Has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off. And this truck is 100% ready to go. To see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, half tons, three quarter tons, one tons. You name it we got it go to our website www.summitauto.com. Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations. All at summitauto.com and if you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com slash summit auto remember to like subscribe and share. On this video and all the videos that you see there in fact in a second you will see a link to subscribe to our youtube channel on your left. A link to more heavy duty truck videos like this one on your right if you have not been to our website on the bottom link to this vehicle on our website click those check us out and we really look forward to helping you with this super clean 2016 Ram 2500 crew cab short box outdoorsman with the big horn or I'm sorry with the ram box in it. Thanks again.


Welcome to All Hands Update, here's what's happening around your Navy. The submarine force is seeking hard-charging, motivated female applicants from all ratings and ranks seem to recruit to Senior Chief Petty Officer to apply for conversion to the submarine force. The Navy release NAVADMIN 025-17, reminding female sailors that the third cycle selections for conversion to submarine force ratings closes April 1st. All non-nuclear submarine ratings are available for conversion, and some ratings such as Logistics Specialist, Yeoman, and Culinary Specialist will offer direct conversion without requiring additional training. Navy Medicine announced the launch of a new mobile app for sailors, marines, and their families. The app provides users with access to military treatment facility locations, leadership information, Department of Defense hotlines, relay health, and links to Navy social media and other health resources. The Navy Medicine app is available for download on the Apple App Store and the Google Play Store. You can read more about what's happening around your Navy at Navy.mil.


Hello everybody, E here, welcome back to another book review. Today we are talking about The Winter People by Jennifer McMahon. This was a buddy read with my good friend Angie. Overall for the TDLR crowd, I liked it. I liked it a lot. Some really really creepy scenes in here. What I appreciated the most was, in fact, I'm going to go ahead and read this on the back from USA Today. It says, crisp, mysterious and scary, reminiscent of Stephen King. CJ Tudor, the author of The Chalkman, gets a lot of crap because basically she rewrote in The Chalkman. There's a cemetery scene. There's a graveyard scene. That's almost exactly like the Pet Cemetery graveyard funeral scene, and from what I understand is her new book is just another knockoff of Pet Cemetery. This book is, what I would say, is almost a tribute done right. I don't know that Jennifer McMahon is a Stephen King fan if she's even read or read Pet Cemetery or seen the movies. I don't know, but this is definitely a take on that concept, burying things and bringing them back to life. I don't think that's too much of a spoiler. The winter people, the whole concept behind the winter people is creepy by itself, but there's a certain thing in here about skin that really, really bothered me. It's kind of like in The Shining, when he doesn't really show the action of the topiary animals, the hedge animals. He doesn't show the action of them, but it's implied, and there is a story within a story in this one that really creeped me out. I could see it so well, and it's explained away toward the end of the book, which I didn't like. But anyways, the idea behind that was just so disturbing to me, and there were several scenes in this book that really got under my skin. I enjoyed quite a bit. Now there are some things like, there's some blurbs in here that say emotional depth of characters and whatnot. I didn't get that too much. I had a really good horror time with this book, but it's not as heavy literary as it is that I tend to enjoy. The writing is fine, it's great, it's serviceable. What I liked the most about the book was the storytelling. The pacing was terrific. The back and forth between present day and past that was done really, really well. Even some things that came off that made it seem like they were spoilers for what happened in the past, or what would happen in the future, ended up twisting and turning, and I had an all around good time. I will say toward the end of the book, there was a reveal that, the reveal wasn't bad.  It was, the dialogue still making me laugh, thinking back to it, and it's a huge spoiler so I'm not going to talk about what, who said it or any of that, but it kind of ruined my enjoyment of the ending. I didn't care much for the ending and also once again it's like Stephen King in that regard where it doesn't have a really good ending. There was something that I was hoping for, probably because Victor Laval went all out with the changeling and he normally does with his books. I was hoping Jennifer McMahon would take, you know, would go that extra mile there at the end, but at the end most of the action happened off screen if I'm honest and I was rather upset by that. So I'm going to give this a strong four stars, probably more like 4.5 and the main reason for that is because the ending just kind of petered out for me. Other than that, it's a terrific read and I'm looking forward to reading anything else by her. I don't know if I would try her other thrillers because I didn't like the thriller aspects of this one. I enjoyed the horror aspects and she's just a really, really sound writer. Now I don't know if this is considered literary horror. It didn't read that way. I didn't catch any themes like the grip of it is definitely literary horror, but this one was more, I don't know, it's more Stephen King than it is Peter Straub if you know what I mean, but it's also not to the character level of Stephen King. There's a lot of characters in here that are just kind of there, I mean honestly. I didn't get a good feel for, there's one character in particular that kind of did nothing for me and that was Candace. She's important to the story, but her story arc didn't really go anywhere whatsoever and I didn't feel that she was anything beyond the surface level and I felt that way about probably Catherine too. In fact most people, that's how I felt that they were just kind of characters in a story and they were not real people. As I'm talking about this, I'm realizing more and more that yeah, I didn't care too much for any of the characters and it's not because they were unlikable characters, that would have been fine. But there really wasn't too much to like or care about other than the main situation which is Ruthie and Fawn's parents, I think that's actually on the back, hang on let me make sure, yeah, it's on the back, her mother Ruthie and Fawn's mother goes missing and that's really all you have to care about with them. There's a throwaway love interest named Buzz and yeah, I mean the story, like I said, again and I'm not making a good argument for the 4.5 stars anymore but really the story is so good that I'm willing to ignore, the more I think about it, I'm willing to ignore the lackluster characters. So have you read The Winter People? Let me know down there in the comments below. Again, I enjoyed it, 4.5 stars, I enjoyed the story, sometimes you just have to ignore all the rest of the stuff and enjoy the story, right? I guess that's what happened to me here but until next time, I have an E, you have an U, it's been another book review, I'll talk to you guys later, bye bye. I had to change hats for the outro but the, I don't know man, yeah the characters, I just think nothing really came of it and then Candace, by the way this is spoiler time, spoilers after the outro, I kind of, I don't know, her death happening off screen and we never got to actually see, you know, the, I guess demon-girty in action, that kind of upset me, it really got me and of course what I was talking about is Aunty's monologue at the end, like a damn Bond villain, that I was actually laughing through that entire scene because it's just so bad, if I wish, I wish I had made note of where it was in the book so I could go back and read it to you, it was so, so bad and the rest, and the only reason it was so bad is because the rest of the book was so good, you know, and I've heard, you know, I've heard Stephen King saying in an interview, sometimes you have to read, you have to read a book for a story, sometimes you read the book for the language, this is definitely, you know, one of those things where you read the book, where I read the book for the story, I had a blast, so it's a good writing, I actually don't know, it was definitely serviceable, I had a lot of fun with it, but, and I had, especially had fun with you, Angie, if you continue to watch this, I had a blast and I'm definitely gonna check out more of her work, it's kind of like the Nelson DeMille, you know, thing, almost like a guilty pleasure, I don't think the writing of the characters were all that good, but man, that story was, was hella awesome.


The AutoDS Orders page has all of the orders that we have on all of our shops in one place. So let's learn about all of the options that we have available here. So first of all, as you can see, each order is separated with these lines. Each one separates a different order for a different product to a different customer. Let's take a look at this example. If you just click on the picture, you'll be taken to the customer's information, where to ship to. If you click on order, you'll see the system's information regarding this order, the status that it's in, which supplier it's from and so forth. So that's what you get when you click on the photo. Next, you have the product's title, the date which it was sold on. The status shows the status that the order is in right now. So you have pending, ordered, shipped, delivered and canceled. The first option is usually the next option that comes after the current status. So after pending, you can send it to auto order or from canceled, you can move it to pending and so forth. So if you're issuing your orders manually, you'll just have to change the status to whatever status the order is in right now. And if you're working with a fulfilled by auto DS or by the automatic orders features, auto DS will take care of changing the status for you and updating tracking information and so forth. All you have to do is make sure you have auto order credits. If you don't use the buy credit button over here to add credits, each order costs one credit. And if using the fulfilled by auto DS feature, then you can add your account balance right here. Always make sure that you have account balance. If you don't, you can load it over here. The difference between fulfilled by auto DS and automatic orders is for automatic orders, you have to supply your own buyer account and fulfilled by auto DS, you won't have to have any buyer accounts for that. Auto DS has their own buyer accounts. All you have to do is add your account balance, join the fulfilled by auto DS service, and that's all. The next option you'll have is to customize your display. If you click on that, you can customize whatever column that you want to see before any other column, or if you want to not see any columns, you can take them off, put them back on, update it, see your customized columns and so forth. The next option that we have after customized display is to export everything that you see on the orders page will be exported and sent to you in a CSV file to your email address. So all you have to do is enter your email, hit export, and the system will send it to you automatically in a very nice and organized fashion. So we talked about the options up here and the order information up until the status. So if you click on these three lines over here, you can go ahead and edit the order information just like when you clicked on the image over here. Okay, it's the same effect. The item ID shows you the item on the source site and on your shop, the quantity is the quantity that the customer bought from that specific product, the customer's name, the store that it was bought from, the order ID shows you the order information on the source site and on your shop. The price is the price that you paid on the source site and the price that's shown on your shop. The profit is your total profit from each sale and the customer's full address tags and tags. If you had it, we'll show up over here and that's everything that you can see on the orders page. If you want any further information on auto ordering or fulfilled by auto DS, these are two very, very great automated services. Check out our help section. If you have any questions about the orders page, let me know below. I will personally answer your comments and don't forget to subscribe to our YouTube channel to learn a lot more about dropshipping and more about the auto DS monitor itself. We also have a live chat support open 24-7 for your convenience.


This is stock number 10373. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used heavy-duty truck headquarters. Today we are checking out this super clean 2019 Chevy Silverado 3500 crew cab, short box, single rear wheel. This truck has the 6.6 liter Duramax diesel with the L5P motor. From this HD video you will be able to tell that this truck is extremely clean all the way around inside and out. Deep ocean blue metallic is the color. We shoot all of our videos in 1080p 60 frames per second so if you have HD capabilities on your computer tablet or smartphone device turn them on right now because it is like you're right here looking at the truck with me and definitely your best way to evaluate the quality and condition of the vehicle before seeing it in person. If you want to check out more photos of this truck in the upper right hand part of the screen is a link right to our website. Click that, check out all the photos there. It comes with the chromed alloy rims Michelin LT 265 70 R18 tires with about I'd say 70 to 80 percent of the tread left on them probably even more. Only 5,000 miles on this truck probably 80 to 90 percent. Has the projector lamp headlamps, factory fog lights, front bumpers in excellent shape. I didn't see any dents or dings on that. That Dermax diesel pumps out 445 horsepower. You get the chrome trimmed grille. All of our vehicles go through 130 point safety inspection per the state of Wisconsin so they're all ready to go when you get them. Fresh oil changes included. No scuffs or scrapes on that rim as you go down this side of the truck you can see just how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror like that paint is. We take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and just cannot make the trip down you can still see the truck, hear the truck, and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here so that when you do get here there's absolutely no surprises. In fact we offer an Summit Auto Fastpass option in the upper right hand part of your screen. They link right to our website where you can apply for financing, get pre-approved, see payment quotes, and even appraise a trade if you have one all right on our website. So click that and check us out there. Frame and underbody exceptionally clean which you'd expect on a 5,000 mile truck. Factory chrome step bars, back rim is in excellent shape as well. No scuffs or scrapes in the back tires have just about all the tread left back here. Deep ocean blue. GMC calls it stone blue. Very good looking color. As we come around to the back the rear bumper no dents or dings on that full towing package which includes a receiver hitch four pin and seven pin wiring. It has an access soft roll-up tonneau cover no rips or tears on that and it has the drop-down assist tailgate. Very nice spraying bed liner and a bed mat and I'm guessing it has the prep package in it which it does for Goose Neck. Has the seven pin wiring as well and it also has the LED bed lighting up there. Turn those on with the cargo lamps. Tailgate shuts nice and solidly and as you go down this side of the truck just as clean as that passenger side. No dents, no dings on the box and for full disclosure this back rim is in excellent shape as well. Down the rest of the side of the truck very very clean. You do get the telescopic till mirrors with the built-in directional signals. They also have the LED side lights. Those are also turned on with your cargo lamp.  There are no rips, there are no tears on the seats. Power driver seat they are heated. We have weather tech floor mats throughout auto headlamps turned out four-wheel drive and factory brake controller tilt and telescopic steering wheel. Power windows, power locks and power mirrors. As we hop inside the truck here you can see that this one has 5,363 miles. Instrument cluster is very nice and clean. Comes with the leather wrapped steering wheel. Bluetooth and audio control or information center controls on the right. Cruise controls on the left. There are audio controls on the back of the steering wheel. You get the six-speed Alson heavy-duty transmission. The Chevy MyLink system, AM-FM series XM radio capabilities. You also have the projection where you can do your Android Auto and Apple CarPlay. Hook your cell phone up to it, CD player, dual climate control, stability control, factory exhaust brake and that's your cargo lamps right there. So we'll turn those on so you can check out those side lights. They're pretty bright. Heated seats, buttons right there, your dual glove box. Weather tech format on that side, passenger side, seat and center hump is in nice shape. No rips or tears. This truck's never been smoked in. Smells very clean inside. It does have the snowplow package which is what that button is right there. Got your LED map lights as well. We'll take a quick look at the back seats and then we will check out under the hood. Truck is in excellent shape. Back seats, no rips, no tears back here. Latch child safety system. Rear to frost. I apologize my camera's not focusing. Must be the light. Has weather tech format back here. There we go. Now it's all focused. These seats do fold up and there is a storage bin underneath here with your receiver hitch reducer in there as well. And we'll take a quick look under the hood. Check out these side lights. Really super bright. I personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this HD video you will have been able to tell just how clean this truck is all the way around inside and out under the hood. We have the 6.6 liter Duramax diesel. 445 horsepower engine base. Very clean runs, very smooth. This truck has been fully inspected by our service shop. Has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off. And this truck is 100% ready to go. To see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers. Half tons, three quarter tons, one tons. You know what we got to go to our website www.summitauto.com. Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at summitauto.com. And if you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com slash summitauto. Remember to like, subscribe, and share on this video and all the videos that you see there. In fact in a second you will see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel on your left. A link to more heavy-duty truck videos like this one on your right. If you have not been to our website on the bottom link to this vehicle on our website. Click those, check us out. And we really look forward to helping you with this. Like new 2019 Chevy Silverado 3500, crew cab, short box, single rear wheel, LT1. Thanks again.


I'm studying to be a writer at the University of the Arts Utrecht, and I was wondering which literary character do you most identify with? Since you are an avid reader and even a writer yourself, or what type of character do you most identify with? more of an anti-hero or a hero, an antagonist, maybe Thank you so much Because it's always a source of a lot of comments and no as a reader. I think I love standard character But I'm I'm not so sure I would identify myself to them If but you never have a clear view of yourself And and sometimes you view yourself as a I mean you dream of but I I'm I'm much more inspired From the political point of view by probably probably Alexander Dumas characters than standard ones But as a reader my favorite one was this one as an anti-hero. I would say Flaubert is much more inspiring Frédéric in l'éducation sentimentale is probably one of the most impure one because you know even at the end he sees a revolution happening and Realize it will not be part of it our continent and it's part of our the glue you mentioned What makes it as common? this is Precisely the ability of our literature to invent this unique way to tell stories with irony and With this approach where you can have hero and I mean huge tales almost a sort of I mean myth and we had myth in the antique times But the invention of the novel and Cervantes seen as a founding father of this category Is exactly that with irony and some distance with yourself you have hero and you have anti-hero Don Quixote is probably an anti-hero either here or as well He's both at the same time and This is the European identity in a lot of other continents you have myth you have Tains and so on but we invented here in this place and we expanded and Latin America now is absolutely wonderful continent Just to mention one or Africa of novelists, but This is a European invention to have this way to tell stories and Build characters that you can love cherish admire and mock So this is why I mean this is a big chance at the end of the day


In this one we're going to talk about a low cap altcoin which could be the next best crypto. It's one that's got utility, it's one that's got some growing markets involved in a growing industry, it's one that's got some marketable ability and it looks like it's got a strategy according to its website in terms of where it wants to go. We're going to go through all that information in this video. If you could leave a like on the video that would be much appreciated, it really does help to pull out the channel, helps us grow up into that YouTube set result and if you would like me to cover this coin in the future then do leave a comment down below or if you want me to cover any of the coins then do leave the comments on the on below and I'm always looking at the suggestions in the comments section so then look into those coins and decide whether I want to make a video on those so do leave a comment on the ones that you would like me to cover and I'll certainly look into them so and do leave that like whilst you're at it. Let's go into this best crypto here in this video so we're going to look at the next best crypto less best lower cap one so it's got a lower market cap so the market cap is only at five point eight million dollars so what this means is is that essentially this is going to be incredibly volatile it's got the potential to shoot up massively but at the same time it's volatile in the sense that it is a low market cap altcoin right so bear that in mind only five point eight million so we're going to go through this the information I've got to say I'm not a financial advisor I'm a business teacher but I'm by no means an expert on the crypto market crypts or the stock market okay but what I like to do is think about coins and think about which ones have potential based on their fundamentals and utility in how they could be used now of course crypts are always volatile and that's always something to consider so let's go into this so we'll on the way talking about today is called game safe okay so they are producing a revolution of the digital games market that's their mission is to create a revolution in the digital games market and we're going to look into this and what they're looking to do but the first thing to mention and this is really important is that the video game industry is consistently growing year on year okay and it says here the video game industry is now estimated to be worth 159.3 billion in 2020 which is a sizable increase of 9.3% from 2019 this is marked difference in what is was predicted for the industry of 2016 statistics and it says here the current forecast estimate the video game industry to be worth 200 billion by 2023 so this is a fantastically growing industry and that means that there's a lot of transactions in this field it was a lot of buying of games buying of digital games in this area so there is a lot of transactions available in this in this particular area so that's something to consider here as we look at this one because this is a transaction within the video game industry is what we're going to look into okay if you leave a like on the video much appreciate let's get favor into the information about game safe about the marketplace so like many of you here at game safe all of our staff is fully addicted to crypto that's why we have the idea to launch a digital games marketplace which gives the opportunity for the community to make money only by holding the token now they're not unique in doing that there's obviously many of the cryptos out there where if you hold the token you can actually you know get a reward for holding that token and holding through essentially the volatility okay when it's going up massively when it's going down massively we know cryptos can do that and it's incredibly volatile so they're saying that they're willing to reward the holders that hold through that volatility it also allows you to play it allows you to pay all your favorite games with game safe at the right price users will be able to resell digital games and items trade them freely and rewards and get cheap games 5% of the total supply which equals 10% of the circulating supply will be used for the development of the marketplace community giveaways influencers and marketing in general so there's a lot going on to this coin here and they're involved in like say the video game industry okay now one thing that we're going to go into here is the marketplace so what is it that they're doing so it's a decentralized marketplace that they're trying to create which will allow you to connect your wallet and buy your favorite games with our target token so you'll be able to recharge the balance of your account on any support C store you'll like buy your favorite games sunny PC for night for now and recharge the balance of your account on any video game store so stuff like fortnight FIFA and this is only a snippet of what they're doing so this is only part of what they're doing they've probably got other stuff in the works in the background that they're looking to do one of my suggestions would be is to get indie developers involved on this marketplace get them creating exclusive games for the gameplays marketplace that you can only buy these indie developer developed games on the gameplay marketplace you can't buy it anywhere else you can only buy it there so they can have a bit of sort of exclusivity to what they're doing that and that gives them a unique selling point and it gives you the opportunity as a game safe holder to buy games that nobody else can get okay and so I think that'd be quite cool to have and it might be a limited amount of these games you know they may have some collectability to them so that's the area I would go down to offer a unique selling point but I also do like this mass market appeal where you can actually spend and utilize the coin in a variety of different ways so it essentially what this means is is that because it's a marketplace of video games it has utility behind a coin there is something you can do with the coin you know you hold it you get some rewards for that you can also buy games with it so it's got utility with a coin and remember this is a really low market cap coin compared to you know potentially some of the cryptos that are massively you know high market cap with not much utility so that's something to consider is this is a very low market cap coin with a lot of potential utility and a lot of avenues that they could potentially take with this coin now the token on it so they got fair market supply and 50% of tokens are banned 10% on each transaction 5% distributed to holders 5% added to liquidity and rewards for holding and 5% of each transaction by holding our ownership and renouncement our community earns the token locked liquidity pool so it's locked for a year okay and you can see the the graph here has actually been having a good downtrend and that can be quite healthy you know because we want to see where it's a kind of hopefully stabilizes that a little bit you know it's volatile so it's very hard to see it stabilize of course but to sort of get a decent level of price range where it's kind of moving up and down within right so that we can figure out what the best time is to get in so you know this is something that I just wanted to bring to your attention what I mean what I would do is I'm not putting a price target on it whilst what I say is is that you for you to do your own research I just wanted to bring this to your attention and I would say that as this downtrends it's you know you're potentially getting this a much lower price of if you're holding this if you hold it over time not only you get the rewards from holding it but I think also with the utility with already the low market cap it does have the potential to absolutely explode so thank you for watching the video if you did enjoy me bringing this coin to to your attention or you enjoyed this video you found it informative in some way or helpful in some way or entertaining then do smash the like button it does really help us get into that search result so that when people are searching game safe comes up on the search results okay so do smash the like button share the video about you know and let me know in the comments section what are the cryptos you would like me to cover in the future and I'll certainly look at doing that as well and some stock videos coming soon thanks for watching and I'll see everybody later