There's a lot of hate and disgust for people who are drug addicts or alcoholics, and rightfully so. In this video, we're going to talk about why addicts are such terrible people, but we're going to dive into a little bit of brain science, so stay tuned. What is up everybody? This is Chris from the Rewired Soul, where we talk about the problem, but focus on the solution. In case you are new here and have not met me yet, I am a drug addict and alcoholic in recovery. My sobriety date is June 23, 2012, got sober on my 27th birthday, fun birthday, right? Anyways, it's widely known that addicts and alcoholics do terrible things, terrible, terrible, terrible things. So, I'm going to start this video off with a little bit of a disclaimer. In this video, we are going to discuss the neuroscience behind addiction, explain why addicts are such terrible people, but this is not an excuse for the behavior.  I educate people on these things to let family members as well as addicts learn to understand what's actually happening in the brain and why people act the way that they do. This is very beneficial for addicts who are trying to get sober because it helps us understand why we did what we did and we're not terrible people, we're just sick people, but we're sick people who can get well. This is very important because a lot of addicts who get clean, one of the main questions I get is, how do I forgive myself for the things that I've done? It's also important for family members to understand this and this is why I teach families about this because families are very confused and they don't understand why their son, their daughter, their husband, their wife, their mom, their dad, whoever it is, they don't understand why this person is a mere shadow of who they used to be. Based on what we know about addiction and what's happening in the brain, we can logically explain why addicts are such terrible people. So let's dive into this thing. First, I want to talk about the history of addiction. Literally thousands of years, thousands and thousands of years, people have been addicts and alcoholics. Like think about back to ancient Greece, Egypt, Rome, they were drinking wine. If you look at old stories, you'll hear stories of town drunks and if you watch any medieval movie, like A Knight's Tale or maybe even Game of Thrones, you'll see a town drunk. This is something that's been around forever. For many, many years, for all these thousands of years, we thought that these people were just awful people. If you wanted to quit, you would, but you clearly don't, so you're not. This is what people thought for the longest time and I'm talking a long time. If you think about the history, like going back to BC, when people were drinking, using opium and all the other drugs back then, up until just about a few decades ago, we thought that addicts and alcoholics were just terrible people. Back in the 1930s, right around the time alcoholics anonymous started, all they really had was detox centers.  It was a really bad situation back then. Thanks to science. This is why I talk about science so much because it helps us learn. It helps us get to outer space and use cell phones and all sorts of cool stuff, right? Science started to progress and a lot more resources started going into studying the brain and studying addiction. Something that we discovered is that the brain of an addict or an alcoholic is much different than somebody who is not an addict or alcoholic. We can pinpoint the two differences on two different parts of the brain. The limbic system and the prefrontal cortex. Think of the limbic system like your car engine or the gas pedal. It is what's telling you to go, go, go, go, go. The prefrontal cortex is the newest part of the brain that is not even fully evolutionarily developed yet and that is like the brake pedal. It is telling you when to stop. The National Institute on Drug Abuse and many other research facilities have discovered that addicts and alcoholics have a prefrontal cortex that does not function properly. What this means is that the gas pedal is floored and the brake lines are cut. We keep going and we don't know when to stop. That's one of the responsibilities of the prefrontal cortex. Think about it. Thousands of years, addicts are terrible people. Up until recent history, we figured out the prefrontal cortex is the problem. Now, some of you may be asking, well, why isn't this more widely known? It's very difficult to understand for a lot of people. The war on drugs is definitely not helping the issue. The fact that we're incarcerating everybody who has an addiction is not all that great for this whole stigma that we got going on. But anyways, that's one of the reasons I do this channel to educate beautiful people like you about what's really happening in the brain. Now this gets to the focus of this video. Why are addicts terrible people? So we have just discussed how the prefrontal cortex is the primary problem with addicts and alcoholics. So now I'm going to introduce you to a gentleman by the name of Dr. Dan Siegel. He is a neuroscientist. He's also a psychiatrist. And he does a lot of work involving the prefrontal cortex. I found him because when I really got into mindfulness and how it actually helps the brain, I learned more and more and more about the prefrontal cortex. So think about the addict or alcoholic you have in your life. There I guarantee you know one. So don't even front. So think about the addict or alcoholic in your life. And let's look at the Dan Siegel list of nine, the nine primary functions of the prefrontal cortex and start to think, does the addict or alcoholic in your life have issues with any of these things? If you're an addict or an alcoholic, ask yourself this question. Do you have an issue with any of these things? So let's go down the list. Number one, body regulation. Number two, attuned communication. Number three, emotional balance slash effect regulation. Number four, response flexibility. Number five, empathy. Number six, insight or self-knowing awareness. Seven, fear modulation slash fear extinction. Eight, intuition and nine, morality. Now, if you're confused as to what some of these things are, stay tuned. Make sure you're subscribed to my channel. I will break these down a little bit more, but let's just pick a few real quick. Emotional regulation, addicts and alcoholics fly off the handles. They have extreme emotions. They don't just get happy. They get ecstatic. That's one of the reasons we cling to drugs and alcohol so bad, because we don't just feel good. We feel great, right? But we also don't just get sad. We get depressed. We don't just get scared or stressed out. We get anxious. Our emotional regulation is all over the place. Now let's talk about empathy. Why does a son steal from his mother? Why does a father not buy his kids clothes and toys and spends them on drugs instead because they lack empathy? The prefrontal cortex is responsible for empathy. Fear modulation. Why do addicts and alcoholics put their life and the life of others at risk on a regular basis? It's because they do not process fear in the same way as most people do. So we know that the prefrontal cortex is affected. We know what the prefrontal cortex does, and this is why addicts and alcoholics are perceived as such bad people. The part of the brain that's responsible for making us good, well-doing human beings is not functioning properly. Now good news is, as you stay sober, the longer you stay clean, that part of the brain starts to strengthen. This doesn't mean that there is a cure for addiction, but all of these various traits of the prefrontal cortex start to get better over time merely by staying clean. One of the reasons I introduce mindfulness to the clients I work with at my treatment center is because mindfulness and meditation are scientifically improving to speed up that process and strengthen the prefrontal cortex. See how this all kind of fits in together? So like I said at the beginning, this is not to give addicts and alcoholics an excuse, but it's to give you a little bit more empathy as well as understanding and give you some answers as to why addicts and alcoholics act the way that they do. So if you're an addict in recovery, I hope this broadens your view a little bit and helps you start to forgive yourself just a little bit, but like I said, this is not an excuse. Now, if you like this video, head over to therewiredsoul.com. I have an entire course on the disease of addiction where I dive in deep into the brain science as well as the risk factors why some people become addicts and some people don't. I present this course to my clients as well as family members to give them a better understanding and good news for the entire month of December starting now. I know it's a couple of days early starting now. The course is 50% off until December 31st. So if you would like to learn more about the disease of addiction, whether you're somebody in recovery or you're somebody who has a loved one, you just want to understand a little bit more about what's actually happening. Go over to therewiredsoul.com. I will put the coupon code in the description below. So make sure you check it out. But if you like this video, make sure you give it a thumbs up. And if you are new here, make sure you click that little round subscribe button because I'm always making videos about addiction, recovery, mental health, how to help you with your emotional stability. And also make sure to click or tap on one of the thumbnails over there because there's a ton of other videos on this channel. Thanks for watching. I'll see you next time.


We are aware that what has happened at the country to you and the fact that the Dho Haram and specific aspects of the Dho Haram including this whole issue of special and different country to developing countries. All of these events that have happened may be made in the recent past. We know that President Trump of the U.S. has in certain senses used the impacts of the World Peace Organization to push through his agenda which includes the e-commerce agreement, the world by the end of the e-commerce agreement. The dispute settlement body in the WTO has been meeting and we are seeing that there has been a shift away from multilateral negotiations to bilateral negotiations. The WTO is divided up into three distinct compartments. The first one is the dispute settlement thing. The second is the negotiations and the third one is the committee work through which countries keep an eye on each other and to what extent other members are complying with the WTO regulations. Now as you would all agree negotiations lie at the heart of it and if negotiations are not taking place dispute settlement takes a secondary position in the background and of course the committee work then becomes fairly insignificant. Negotiations have not really been going on since 2013 in any area except for two. One of them is e-commerce in which there is some progress but there is basically different countries which have joined a negotiating initiative which is outside the WTO. This is a plurilateral initiative in which about 70 odd countries have joined and this is not taking place within the ages of the WTO. So to that extent it is not a regular negotiation which is taking place in the WTO. The second point is India is not a party to that. India has not joined the negotiations on e-commerce. The third thing is on e-commerce there are still a lot of differences amongst let's say the European Union, the US, China. China is a member of that plurilateral group and these differences are basically quite wide even at the moment and this negotiation which is going on will pick up steam and momentum if India joins. Because India is holding back a large number of African countries and poorer developing countries from joining in the negotiations. Because once India joins then that support base will no longer be there behind it and they will then be put in the background. They will just remain then as takers of whatever agreement is negotiated amongst the larger countries. So that is what is holding up to a certain extent the e-commerce negotiations. Agriculture is in so much distress that agriculture today if anything needs to be reinforced from any participation in global trade. So I don't know how they will do zero duty on dairy products and others coming from New Zealand, Australia. I think it's very manufacturing maybe to some extent. There is some talk that India may negotiate a back loading of reducing tariffs to zero. I think there is some talk that initially will in phases and China may or may not agree. But again I find it very odd that all these years in WTOV been arguing that services are main competitive advantage. But in RCEP there is no talk of services. They don't negotiate services. So I don't know why India should at all negotiate RCEP without some assurance on services at some stage. I think we should back load zero tariffs on a whole range of products and try to sort of the timeline, try to sort of correspond it with opening of services. So suddenly what has happened today that suddenly services which is our main negotiating plan is missing in RCEP. I find that completely illogical and at this rate and the last point I want to make is when the 2008 crisis happened, India could actually withstand that crisis because as Dr. Reddy those days used to point out that the financialization of all various asset classes whether it was stock markets, real estate, housing derivatives for instance. We actually did not allow many of those things to hit the Indian shores but today I find with post demonetization and now I am making this whole campaign which the Modi government embarked on of formalization and financialization of the economy which was greatly appreciated in the US at that time by Ball Street, Bill Gates everybody was very gungo about this great financialization, formalization of the economy. I feel that if today there is a crisis of the kind that happened in 2008 a lot larger portion of our economy will be linked to because of this formalization, financialization and because of weakening of our informal sector. In 2008 the non-tradable sector like small construction all did well. In India I remember I used to interact with Dr. Subbarov, RBI had conducted a study. He used to have a pre-monetary policy meeting with some people from media also. So they had done a study which showed that in small town India real estate prices hadn't crashed. Real estate prices had only gone down in Delhi bomb metros because of the market crash and the various asset classes going down, prices going down. It may not be very far in the future when we see that India too is targeted by the Trump administration because now whatever we had to do with China that has got exhausted. And usually we have found that before the presidential election countries like India, all these large markets are usually targeted. So I think we should all be prepared for any kind of move on any pretext. And all these the tariff escalation, the tariff war that the US has initiated is a completely violation of the WTO. Normally what would have happened is and China has also done it like I mentioned because this is the third dispute that they have taken to the WTO. Normally the way it would have played out is that the disputes would have played themselves out in the WTO. At the end of the day because these measures are completely violation of the WTO, the WTO dispute settlement body would have come and ruled that US is violating its commitments under the WTO. And this is where the issues that Jonathan mentioned about the US making the appellate body, the WTO dispute settlement appellate body completely limp now is almost going to be passe. This becomes relevant. So now we have a situation that although China has gone to the dispute settlement body, the panel, the dispute settlement panel will hear this dispute out. But there will be no final redress that the China would get because you do not have an appellate body. There is not going to be any appeal process in the WTO. So the main function of the WTO, which was there the last few years because the negotiating function of the WTO was finished many years back, almost more than a decade back. The negotiating function was finished.  So there is no way that countries can find their way through this problem if they are targeted by the US. So I have no doubt that because of all these actions that the US administration is taking, the already fragile global economy is going to be forced into a recession far quicker than any of these global agencies had predicted which was about 2020. IMF said that the growth rates will be lower in 2020. But now I think we are looking at very serious prospects of recession because the eurozone is in crisis. Germany has recorded negative growth in the last quarter and the eurozone is barely growing. It is about 0.2%. And so with all the kind of uncertainty which is now being brought in by the Trump administration, surely the global economy is in serious problem. Since 2012 China has actually dramatically reduced its export dependence on the United States who has shifted to developing Asia. Within developing Asia, it has expanded its trade services with I think 12 out of the 16 countries that I looked at. Very, very dramatically. In the case of India, our deficit with China has tripled with the largest single. But it has basically shifted its attention. It has also shifted its reliance on developing Asia for the elements that it gives to export to the North accordingly. In other words, Chinese exports have fallen globally, but its imports have fallen even more. Chinese exports to developing Asia have not fallen. Chinese exports from developing Asia have collapsed. But in very few countries, but in Philippines and I think Vietnam is it. So that's number one. Number two, there are some countries that actually have been able to take advantage of this trade war between the US and China because of production relocation. I mean, a number of multinationals are doing it. They have talked about it. We are not among them. Again, Philippines and Vietnam are the major gamers. They've had massive increases in their trade services with the US. They have had significant investments, relocative investments from various countries, from China and from elsewhere into their countries. India is not among them and we are not likely to be. At the same time, we are exposed to very significant and volatile trade flows. The FIIIs are happily moving out. Their foreign portfolio flows have been negative for four months now, I think. Actually more than that. More than that. Okay, but leading, leading for the last two months. And I think the last two months alone account for 80% of the outflows since the beginning of the year. So very significant outflows. Our stock market is sustained only because all of us have these horrible little monthly investment programs that everybody made us join. Even if you had 50,000 rupees in the line, you were told, go out there and do a monthly investment. And it is basically the retail consumer, the retail investors of India, which is all the middle class salary holders, who are putting in these monthly savings products, which are showing up a stock market that otherwise would have collapsed. Otherwise foreign portfolio investors used to dramatically shift it. So we are holding the baby. And of course that baby also used to get home, but you know, still holding it. Okay, so this is all the bad news. Now in this context, what do we gain from an asset? We will open a market to a set of economies that already have trade services with us and to China. Mr. Deep mentioned dairy and agriculture. But I think we forget that we have escaped even more Chinese imports into the economy, only because we put very strict rules of origin in our agreement with ASEAN. And if we actually allow an asset, I think our manufacturing sector, such as it is, would be completely finished. I mean even cows, you know, even the things that we claim that we are globally competitive and so on. So I think I really cannot see any gain in terms of either market access and I can see many, many losses in terms of employment losses and so on. The other thing we have to bear in mind is that I have no idea what the investment provisions are in ASEAN. Of course none of us gets access to any of this information. But if you look at China's agreements that it has signed with countries along the Belt and Road Initiative, those are really scary. Those are pretty much TPP plus. Yeah, but tough. They are very stringent. They protect Chinese investors like anything. If that is the case, I think we can expect the ASEAN provisions to be also fairly problematic as far as... ASEAN is taking CPTPP. Yeah, there you go. So then that's very bad news in terms of the investment provisions as well. What's the option for India? I believe that this is a period in global trade where you can pretty much do what you like. If you have an imaginative and progressive leadership. I've already said now why you can't do it in India. But let's for a moment imagine that we had a progressive and imaginative leadership. This would be a moment in which you could actually bring in trade and industrial policy.  It doesn't matter anymore. This is a free for all at the moment. And it's a free for all in a period of global crisis. So if you don't do something, you're really going to get smashed and then beaten once you're down. But on the other hand, if you do something, there's less in terms of the negative fallout that you would have normally got in that period of very stable global economy and very firm international architecture. So this is actually where we are on the eve of our set, so to speak. And I wouldn't say China is an elephant is the room. China is actually very much penetrated in the economy. It's very clearly today once market capture in India. It sees India as a market that it wants to enter. And I think the balance of force along the globe gives India very little.  We might achieve a graded, you know, say we lower tariffs with China and manufacturing over five years. But that's about as long as it will last. It will be graded five years in which China will penetrate Indian markets. And the point that Professor Koch made about China's capacity to set up supply lines and do them dynamically, flexibly and very fast, we have just the reverse. We have all the dynamism, the flexibility and the speed to destroy supply chains, which is what we did through demonetization. So in a sense, that's actually where our where our economy is placed. If we could at all sort of, you know, imagine a progressive future. I would say we don't use the word of data localization, but we talk about data sovereignty. So rent data sovereignty is defined as owned by the political community that produces that data. So it's not just about localization, but it's also very clearly as as as as as you laid out. We need to focus on both ownership and control over that data, not just that it be Indian. Because India, I think as we all recognizes means different things. There is one India of Mukesh Ambani and there's an India of the rest of us. But you know, I'll stop here. This is I think the critical challenge that we face. I'll just add one more point.  Which is the sign of the other stuff? Which is actually the sign of the real economy down to food grain supply, down to capital goods transfer.  But, you know, doesn't doesn't really go in any way beyond that. It creates a, you know, really low quality jobs while the decline of collapse 50%. The truck industry year on year is down to 50% of production. Yeah, the aggregate, the aggregate is down to 50%, which indicates that there's a very deep crisis in the economy. And, you know, we are about to enter into the RCEP in the midst of that. It's from a very, very weak position. This time, if RCEP happens, it's not only going to hit the plantation crops and so on, which were hit when the WTO came in. This time it's going to be the food security crops. And wheat, rice, sugarcane, all these crops are going to be hit very hard. Dairy is an organized sector. It can still voice its concern. But what about wheat? What about rice? Who's going to fight for these kind of crops? In fact, Punjab farmers are worried that, you know, on the one hand, we have autonomous policies, autonomous policies, which are saying that we must withdraw the MSP procurement kind of a system. And on the other hand, we have the RCEP being signed. And then, as you rightly mentioned, Australia, New Zealand, all these countries have their interest focused on India. So this time it's not going to be farmers only in the South Indian portion who will be affected. It will be farmers in the North. And I don't know what particular implication it will have. President Trump has been promising his farmers that he's going to bail them out with what, $12 billion in the first stage, second I think for $16 billion or so, $16 million. Yes, sir. So in the second stage and so on. But it's still, the situation is very bad in America. And if you read the reports every other day, you find agriculture is in a terrible state there in America. This, if China says that to India, and if they agree on it, I think it will be suicidal. It will be suicidal. We have to be very watchful with what China says. Somebody talked about apples from China. Today, 40% of the American markets of apple is in the hands of China. And Chinese apples, if you go to America, you don't find much of Washington apples there. Washington apples comes to India, country like India. But there you find the Chinese apples. So, and similarly, dairy. Dairy is a huge, huge growing sector in China. And they're going to eat us up if we open up on dairy also. But most other crops, including apple, are to answer his question. Who is the biggest importer of apple? I don't know whether India is the one, I don't know. I'm not sure whether they are the biggest importer. Are they? I mean, they, okay, fine, fine. But the point I'm trying to make is we will, China has lots and lots of interest where we wouldn't be able to stand. So if we open up, let's say for soybean, that's one area which is being discussed, that you know, Indians would be a gainer if American trade war with America goes on for long. But there would be other sacrifices that we'd have to make, which I think would be, including wheat. And although at present they are importing, but we don't know what's going to happen in the future. So I think with China, we must be watchful, we must be careful. And nobody knows where things are going.


Before I start I'd like to say thank you very much to the organizers of the session, Mireya, Cristina and Patti. It's a great pleasure to be here and participating in a session that actually encompasses different disciplines of archaeology and art. Okay, so let's change the place. We are coming back to Mesoamerica, thank you. Once again into the Maya area and I'm going to focus on a special category of ceramics, polychrom ceramics that were excavated during the last decade of research carried out by our project, the Dinakumar Archaeological Project. This recent research carried out at Snakum, which is a Maya site located in northeastern Guatemala, has brought about the discovery of a large collection of ceramic artifacts. This substantial assemblage includes fragments of polychrome vessels that are decorated with elaborate iconographic scenes and painted hieroglyphic texts. Most of them date to the late classic period that we date more or less between 600 and 880, which represents the peak of pre-Columbian Maya civilization. Fragmentary vessels and shards with hieroglyphic texts provide us with significant historical information both in terms of local laws but also with regards to links via both trade and socio-political alliances that Dinakum elites maintained with neighboring Maya centers and polities. This paper presents the collection of Nakum hieroglyphic ceramics that have been excavated by the Nakumar site. I have already mentioned by the Nakumar Archaeological Project of the Jagiellonian University in Cracow. Whereas the vast majority of Maya ceramics are quotidian, unsleeped, and plain made to fulfill a wide range of functions, there is one category of ceramics that stands apart. This particular category involves serving vessels, especially those manufactured for the royal court. These stand out from all ceramics in an archaeological assemblage by their surface treatments alone, usually highly smooth and burnished as well as decorated with a wide array of dazzling colors applied with detailed patterns as well as elaborate iconographic scenes and glyphic texts. By focusing on this highly decorated ceramics we are able at times to apprise their motives, their iconography, and their glyphs, which together enables us to determine where these ceramics were originally produced. Before I actually start characterizing the polychrome vessels that we found with glyphs, I'd like to also show you this map that shows what we usually call the Sotomaya Lowlands with the location of Nakum. What is really important here and for the whole our discussion is that Nakum is actually situated between two major Maya superpowers. One of them was Tikal, located now in what is northern Guatemala, and another Maya superpower was the so-called snake kingdom that is Calakmul. I mean the Calakmul was probably the second major capital of the snake kingdom, but Naranjo which is actually located just east of Nakum here was part of larger snake kingdom, so basically Nakum will squeeze between these two Maya superpowers. We're gonna start from the ceramics that show links to, especially to Naranjo, and this is first of them, a rim of cylindrical bezel. We can see that on the cream base the exterior is decorated with red painted glyphs along along the rim. They refer to the content of the vase and the ownership. The contents as preserved is written yutal kakao, which means four fruity kakao, then followed by an important elite title that can be red chakchok, which means a great yoth. So here we have yutal kakao and the title chakchok. There are a series of paleographic features that suggest that this ceramic vessel originally stems from Naranjo. In fact the glyphs of this vessel can be compared to the analogous contents and titular sections of the vessels produced for Achuosal, the long reigning king of Naranjo who came to power in 546 and reigned until at least 615 AD. Close comparations can be drawn with at least four of the vessels of Achuosal showed here on this slide. So above on the top row we can see our necrum example and then four vessels whose provenance is unfortunately unknown but paleographically and statistically we know that they represent the same workshop. These four examples are well preserved and they mention actually the name of Achuosal as the owner of this vessel. So based on these comparations we can actually suppose that our fragmentary preserved shed can be also ascribed to his workshop and it was produced by a workshop that he sponsored. Another vessel that suggests connections to Naranjo is this fragment of a bowl which has a black painted rim with red painted glyphs and iconography on an orange background. The glyphs for the most part appear to be pseudo-glyphic and they don't provide a coherent information. However the manner in which glyphs are rendered precisely matches paleographically the way in which the same hieroglyphs were written during the reign once again of Achuosal thereby corroborating once again a specific link to Naranjo and the ceramic workshop of this site. The last example that betrays links with Naranjo under the reign of Achuosal is this ceramic bowl which is very similar to the fragment that has been just described. However in this case it is iconography that is more revealing. The long and slender linear elements together may form this stylized beak of a human bird. The main diagnostic element of a human bird in my iconography is the flower that adorns its elongated beak or bill. In this context we should mention about a vessel now in a private collection in Guatemala shown on your right hand side. On this bowl the iconography is dominated by a kneeling male figure that braces a large ceremonial bar. The text along the rim confirms that this was once owned by none other than Achuosal, the king of Naranjo. The connection to Naranjo is all the more significant since one of the major tutelary deities of this dynasty of this city was a human bird deity. As such although highly stylized this schematic beak sorry of the human bird penetrating the characteristic flower on the Nakum vessel which we think is this element here may refer to this patron deity of Naranjo and show very close links between these two sides during the late 6th and early 7th century. All the above described vessels reveal close connections between Nakum and Naranjo at this early date with Naranjo presumably serving in dominant position and Nakum in subservience. This provides an impression of strong and regionally dominant Naranjo during the reign of the king Achuosal. Another interesting artifact that follows is this plate of which only two fragments survived. However the size of these fragments indicate that the plate was once 41 centimeters in diameter. The preserved elements of iconography indicate that it once represented one or several persons in a dancing position. What merits special attention here are glyphs decorating the rim of the plate. A part of two regnal names we find a fragmentary preserved glyph that consists of a commsign. So we have two regnal names one of them is here another one is here and then a very interesting leaf that consists of a commsign preceding as a main sign representing a male profile. This sign seems to be a dynastic title very popular for Sholton area. Unfortunately the sign in question remains undeciphered. Nevertheless the preferential appearance of this title on the ceramics related to Sholton suggests that this was a type of dynastic title used by the elite and royality of this site. The possible example of the dish found at Nakum would thereby imply connections between these two sites possibly during the 7th century AD. Now we're going to focus on connections with Tikal. One of the hallmarks of the eastern central lowlands are the finely painted ceramic vessels bearing the so-called Holmoon Dancer scenes named after the type specimen encountered at the site of the same name in 1930s. The imagery of on these vessels is typically painted in dark red outlines with diluted orange wash applied sparingly to define figurative elements in the foreground. This stands out on the neat cream backgrounds that define the ceramics of this type. Primary emphasis of that Holmoon Dancer scenes is placed on the Maze God represented dancing in majesty bearing intricate regalia and often assisted by a dwarf. These scenes are interpreted as representing pivotal moment in the mythic narrative of the Maze God, his resurrection from the underworld. The dams of the Holmoon Dancer vessels were of great importance to the size of the eastern central lowlands with Naranjo-Schulten and Ryoazul distinguishing themselves as important production centers of this type of ceramics. The rim texts of these vessels usually include the standard dedicatory formula and prominently name their original owners. For Naranjo these were owned by the 7th century Khark Tiliuchan Chark who was the patron of production of many of such vessels. For example an example that you can see on your left hand side is vessel produced at Naranjo owned by this lord Khark Tiliuchan Chark and later gifted to one of lords from completely different site Buena Vista del Caio which is now located in Belize and actually this vase was found in a tomb of excavated at Buena Vista del Caio. Here we have a map that shows also connections of this load with many different sites based on the discovery of this special category of vessels and then comes a big surprise very small fragment that we have excavated at Nakum so this discovery is not particularly surprising but given the proximity to Naranjo that is located only 24 maybe 25 kilometers east of Nakum what is remarkable however is the name of the owner of that vase that has been preserved and that this name actually is the name of the king of Tikal. The reference is made through the well-known royal emblem glyph of the kings of Tikal within Kuhul Mutul Ahau or godly Mutul king or in other words godly Tikal king a title built on the toponym of these ancient metropolis. Since Tikal is not known as a production center of Homo Dancer ceramics we are left to conclude that this vessel must have been produced at an established workshop given the quality of the line work and ceramic generally and crafted as a bespoke vase made specifically to be given to a lord of Tikal as a sign of thanks and gratitude. It is quite possible that the discussed fragment comes from a vase made for a king of Tikal in one of the royal workshops of Naranjo. The question is however how this vase is in fact made its way to Nakum according to one hypothesis it might have been gifted by Tikal king to one of the Nakum lords to cement ties between Tikal and its lesser neighbor to the east. That Nakum maintained close relations with Tikal is also made evident by other ceramic finds made at this site. For instance the well-known Tikal dancer plays typical for Tikal region are in essence just the local adaptations equally representing the maze god dancing out of the underworld at his resurrection. One such Tikal dancer played was found in particularly well-finished royal tomb at Nakum, burial one that we can see here and it's quite possible that this vessel was manufactured at Tikal and then also gifted to one of the Nakum kings. It can be dated more or less to 700 AD. Similarly it is during this time that we see a profusion of another group of ceramics called the zakatal cream polychrome decorated with the so-called dress shirt design so named because of its apparent similarity to freshly laundered dress shirts. A large collection of such vessels was especially found in a very famous grave tomb of the king of Tikal, Hassao Changkawil that was buried below this huge pyramid temple one at Tikal. We can see some examples on your right hand side and many similar vessels that represent this type zakatal cream polychrome were also excavated at Nakum. Okay since we are running out of time I'm gonna just move to the conclusions. The collection of Nakum ceramics with painted text is not very numerous but it is restricted to the late classic period dated to 600 and 880. This is the period of most intensive interaction with peers and the time when non-local ceramics are appearing at the site. Rather than equating ceramics with people as has often been done in archaeology we don't see these vessels as implying for rain or even external presence at Nakum. Instead we see these particular vessels as singular moments in the time as precious objects that were gifted traded bequitted and inherited by a very small segment of society to foster bonds of friendship, enmity, marriage and alliances between the distinct royal households. Whether the original owners were even present at Nakum is unknown but these ceramics serve as highly illustrative and tangible proxies of human interactions conveying not only their prior ship but also the heavily charged symbolism that these display. Based on the collection that we have recovered we can we may try to make some preliminary attempts to reconstruct the changing volumes in the Nakum history. The style of the vessels presented in this paper and the text of an accompanying them indicate that the existence of complex cultural and perhaps even political contacts between Nakum and other powerful neighbors must have existed. Thus this collection complements our poor knowledge about the history of Nakum during the classic period which is mainly based on the lecture of a few carved monuments. Although our interpretations should be considered as very preliminary it is clear that in the first part of the late classic more or less between 600 and 700 AD Nakum was more oriented politically and culturally towards mighty Naranjo and possibly possibly serving as its vassal. Nevertheless during the 8th century it seems to be more allied with Tikal. This supposed change in political orientation could have been at least partly due to the victory of Tikal over Kalakumul in 695 and its allies including Naranjo. So our data from Nakum indicate that ceramics serve as yet another distinctive epigraphic record one that wholly complements the monumental record that is usually emphasized in the reconstruction and elaboration of ancient history. Thank you, I'm sorry.


Okay, so we are here at the San Antonio bus station and with Sister Sharon. Sister Sharon is a member of the Interfaith Welcome Coalition, an organization that has been organized to help welcome refugees from Central America. And Sister Sharon is one of the people who has been meeting families at the San Antonio Greyhound bus station when one or two or three families are routinely dropped off here by ICE, right? But today, this is highly unusual. How many families here? Right now, there are extra 25 families that we're not expected to do.  Okay, and so the families have been dropped here and... The difficulty is that there are no buses that are going anywhere. The buses are canceled now. Because of the storm. Because of the storm. And yesterday, we did speak through Congressman Doggett's office with ICE and asked them not to do this. Not to drop families here specifically because there's no buses that are going anywhere. And to leave them here overnight in the bus station is against human rights.  And thanks be to God because the city of San Antonio and the county are receiving people. We believe that there will be a place for them to stay tonight. Until Sunday, one Monday, when there are no buses to go. Whenever the buses get back again. Oh my gosh, okay, so hang on for some noise in the background there. But what you just said was that because of what happened at Christmas time, at Christmas time ICE delivered 500 families. 500 families. 500 people. Right, 500 people. To the... Essentially to the Mennonite Church. That was where they dropped them, right? At that point. And they were there for several days waiting for ways to get to their families, right? And in anticipation of that. We called. In anticipation, we say, please don't do this again to the city of San Antonio and to these people who deserve better treatment. Right, right, right. And so all of these people, just to repeat, all of the people in here are from... Carn City and Dilly. And Carn City and Dilly is where their detention centers, their private prisons. For women and children. For women and children. And their for-profit prisons. And when people come from Central America, from Honduras, El Salvador and Guatemala, they are routinely, and they're coming here seeking asylum, they're routinely put into those private prisons. And then they're asked to show that they have an actual credible fear of being returned, that they really are legitimately seeking asylum, right? That's how they are released now, with some relative or sponsor who's bought the tickets for them. Gotcha. So all of these people have been, the immigration has determined that all of these people in here are credible asylum seekers, have a credible claim for asylum. So this is not just people who came in willy-nilly, they have, the determination has been made by immigration that these people have a credible fear. And they're fleeing some of the most deadly countries in the world. Yes. And we just heard too that all of the people from Carn City are being transferred to Dilly for their security at this point in time. Just because of the storm? Because of the storm. Oh my. So the people who are at the detention facility in Carn City. A city are being moved to the detention center in Dilly at this point. The detention center in Dilly, I can't remember what the capacity is. It's pretty large at this point. 2400. 2400. And one of the women here this morning said that there were 1700 there. So they had room to receive the 500 from Carn City. So they have room for that because it's such a large private prison? Correct. Right. Right. Right. So they're moving those people for their own safety because of the storm and these 50 families were brought here against the request of Congressman Lloyd Doggett and now hopefully we'll have a place to go courtesy of the city of San Antonio or Bear County. I can't find a place to be but. It's a repeat of the other that we tried to do this. A repeat of Christmas. Absolutely. And one of the biggest problem is that while they're routinely after they pass their credible fear test they're routinely dropped to the Greyhound bus station in San Antonio but today the buses are not going anywhere. That's cool. So bringing them here essentially strands them. Yes. And how long have they been here? They arrived one o'clock to o'clock. In buses? In buses from the different places. Yes. Wow. Okay. So if we're live on Facebook so you can say something to the San Antonio community. You can say something to our Congressman who, but how does this make you feel about I guess immigration that's a bit different than this? Well I'm very angry that despite our plea for them not to do this despite the plea for a Congressman dog that's office that they still dropped off these women and children to basically just be left on their own in a bus station in the middle of the storm against all human rights. I know I'm grateful for the City of San Antonio that is opening their arms wide in hospitality as usual saying yes we don't receive whoever comes in but I don't like it. I'm angry that ICE feels that they can do this against the human rights of these people who are brothers and sisters. And mothers and children. Exactly. Mothers and children. Lots of children. God bless them all. Back again at with now cast SA at the Greyhound bus station and where there were 50 families who were dropped at the Greyhound bus station even after Congressman Lloyd Doggett's office called ICE and said please don't do this and these 50 families now have found a place where they can spend the weekend when they were dropped at the Greyhound bus station they're routinely dropped at the Greyhound bus station by ICE after they pass a credible fear test these are all refugees asylum seeking refugees from Central America and once they prove that they have a credible fear and can't return to their country they're released to a sponsor in the United States and they're routinely dropped at the Greyhound bus station in San Antonio to get on a bus and go be connected with their family or their sponsor here in the United States but because of the storm none of the buses are going anywhere today so dropping people at the Greyhound bus station in San Antonio was the wrong thing to do and in fact Congressman Lloyd Doggett's office called ICE and said please don't drop people at the Greyhound bus station because the buses aren't going anywhere and ICE still dropped 50 families here


Ang karunungan ay kapangyarihan. Today, we're putting that power to the test here on... K-Check. Hello everyone, I'm attorney Gabby Concepcion. At ako naman si Jules Guyang for another episode of K-Check. Ang K-Check ay paras mangustong sanayin at palawakin ng brain power nila through competition. Ang tanong, kaya ba nang ating contestants ang brain workout na inihanda natin for them this season? Ang mga may kaya ng workout na yan ahabot hanggang final week of competition at isa sa kanila ang tatanghaling K-Check champion. Apat na contestants ang dadahan sa ating karunungan check sa araw na to at lahat sila ay estudyante ng result technological university. Unang-unang, we have Kirby. Kirby sa business administration student majoring in human resource management. His hobbies are movies, cycling, playing online games, and playing basketball. Maraming time tungin santo. Maraming time. Jamis, on the other hand, is taking BS accountancy and he has YouTube to thank for his improving skills on the guitar. He loves playing OPM songs and R&B. Yumi, on the other hand, is a budding entrepreneur who likes joining student organizations. And May's hobbies are reading books, watching movies, and playing the flute. These four will be competing under the watchful eyes of today's K-Check panel of experts. Firstly, we have Professor Glesy Atienza of the College of Arts and Letters from UP Dileman. Next, we have Professor Ricky Nelyas of the Institute of Chemistry from UP Dileman. And finally, we have Professor Luisa De Leon Bulinau, former chair of the Department of History also from UP Dileman. At ngayon, contestants, this is round one. So, get ready to buzz in and collect those points. But make sure you wait until you are acknowledged. Otherwise, you will forfeit that point. Correct answers are ten points each. Let's begin. Question number one. What common term is given to a transparent tank of water in which fish and other water creatures and plants are kept? Jamis. Aquarium. Aquarium is correct. K-Check. Question number two. What UAAP team has a blue high-flying mascot they refer to as the king? Yumi. Admo. Ateneo. Admo or Ateneo is correct. K-Check. Question number three. In astronomy, what is the second largest planet in our solar system which is also famous for having three main rings? May. Jupiter. Jupiter is wrong. Saturn. Saturn is correct. K-Check. Question number four. How many minutes are there in two and a half hours? Yumi. 160. 160 is wrong. Jamis. 150. 150 is correct. K-Check. Question number five. What sport is played by Los Angeles Dodgers and the Boston Red Sox? The correct answer is baseball. Question number six. What element, which is the most abundant metal in the human body, has the chemical symbol CA? Kirby. Calcium. Calcium is correct. K-Check. Question number seven. Which island in Indonesia is famous for Kuta, Jinbaran, Kangoo, and other beautiful beaches? The correct answer is Bali. Question number eight. In what southern country can you find the cities Auckland, Wellington, and Christ Church? Okay, umabot sa bell. May, what's your answer? Israel. Israel is wrong. Anyone can steal? The correct answer is New Zealand. Question number nine. Which among Santa Claus's reindeer had a very shiny nose? Kirby. Rudolph. Rudolph is correct. K-Check. Question number ten. In geometry, what is the area of a rectangle in square meters whose dimensions are six meters by eight meters? Yumi. Eight. Forty-eight is correct. K-Check. Question number eleven. In dentistry, what do you call one or the four hindmost molars in humans, which usually appear at about the age of twenty? Yumi, what's the answer? Wisdom tooth. Wisdom tooth or wisdom teeth is correct. K-Check. Sakit kyan, meron na kay lahat. Wala pa yung iba, okay? Okay, last question for this round. Question number twelve. Usually, colored red or rose. What hard and heavy wooded plant is the national tree of the Philippines? May. Nara. Nara is correct. K-Check. And that ends round number one. Baraming salamat, Jules. After that round, we have Yumi in the lead with forty points, followed by Jamis and Kirby who are tied at twenty points each. And of course, we have May with ten points. You, Kirby, we want to find out a little more about you. Why did you choose to major in human resource management? When I was in senior high school, I liked to manage people. And somehow, yung naging inspiration ko to take the course of human resource management. So, yun lang talaga. Managing people. Interesting. From managing people, managing the guitar naman. Okay. Si Jamis naman, yung naman Jamis, gano ka na baka katagal nag-aaral ng guitara? Almost four years' worth. And nakatulong ba ang pagpapanod mo ng YouTube para mas madevelop yung skills mo? Yes, po, yun lang na yung tutorial po nila. As mas, pag nagsmo po kasi yung flow ng chords nila. Mas na-enance mo rin po yung pagman isa ka nalang ko. But did you take formal lessons before that? Or purely, enrolled in the YouTube school of guitar playing? Yung ating ka pumarungo mag-guitar, din na-influence siya po ako. So, na-tulong ka rin yung ating means? Interesting. Thank you very much, contestants. But for now, we have to get ready because we are going into round two sa pagbabalik lang po ng K-check. Tuloy pa rin nang ating karunungan check. Bika po na tayo ng points, leading sa Yumi with 40 points. Tide naman with 20 points each, sinakurbi at james. At si May naman ay may 10 points. So, naglili talagang ngayon si Yumi. Pero tunong inaran natin siya. Why do you like joining student organizations? I like joining organizations since it is my passion to socialize with other people. Are there other organizations of you're a member of in RTU? Yes, po. Actually po, we are a member of a student council po in our school. And what about other, wala nang ibang mga like in music or drama or dress? Before, back when I was in high school, I am a member of dance group. Dance group. Talagang varied ang mga interest. Speaking of varied, yung next contestant natin si May ay may very interesting instrument na tinutugtob. Flute. So, bakit flute ang napiling mong instrumento, May? Actually, natutulong po ako sa church po namin. Nagflute po. Sinasabay po namin siya, ay yung melody sa violin po. N.P.A. Very interesting. Before, nung share ko lang. So, jantarin kami sa nang high school pati grade school. Diw turwantin kami. Recorder yung tawag namin doon. Pero sayo, recorder doon. Recorder. Pero hindi ka active sa church. Magpainspire ka sa ating mga contestants. And now it's time for round two. Contestants, get ready to buzz in but make sure to strategize at laging tandaan way to be called before you answer. Otherwise, you lose your chance to make points. Correct answers are worth 20 points each, but you lose 10 points if you answer incorrectly. So, let's begin. Let's begin the second round. Question number one. What constellation or horoscope sign is also known as the water bearer? Kirby. Aquarius. Aquarius is the correct answer. Kcheck. Question number two in elementary geometry. What adjective describes lines that form a 90-degree angle? Yumi. Right angle. The answer is wrong. The correct answer is perpendicular. Question number three. What demilovato song has a title that can be defined as a very tall building? Walang demilovato fan today, the answer is skyscraper. Is it familiar now? Yes. Question number four. What is the title of the movie starring Ingrid Bergman that is now a term meaning to manipulate someone by psychological means into questioning their own sanity? It's actually a very popular term now. The correct answer is to gaslight. Question number five. The longest mountain range in the Philippines runs over 500 kilometers from Cagayan down to Quezon in eastern Luzon. What is the name of this range? May. The answer is wrong. Jamis. Sheramadre. Sheramadre is the correct answer. Question number six. Also called a counting frame. Which calculating device usually made out of wood consists of a frame holding rods on which a specific number of beads are free to move? Kirby. Abacus. Abacus is the correct answer. Question number seven. What Filipino word refers to the spirit of communal unity, work and cooperation to achieve a particular goal? Kirby. Bayanihan. Bayanihan is the correct answer. And this also is often pictured as a group of people trying to move. Amy Pahat. So, okay, check. Question number eight. What is the name of the Islamic sacred book believed to be the word of God as dictated to Muhammad? Yes, May. Bible. The answer is wrong. Believed to be the word of God as dictated to Muhammad by the Archangel Kirby. Koran. Dictated to Muhammad by the Archangel Gabriel, written down in Arabic, is the Koran. The answer is correct. Kcheck. Question number nine. In flag football or American football, what do you call a score worth six points if a player carries the ball across the goal line or catches the ball within the opponent's end zone? Also, when a plane lands on the tarmac, the answer is a touchdown. Question number ten. In music, what do you call the leader of a performing group of a musician who wields a baton? Yes, May. Major. The answer is wrong. The leader of a performing group of musicians who wields a baton is a conductor. Question number eleven. In what Southeast Asian country is the Muslim ethnic minority group Rohingya living in fear in a Buddhist dominated state? The Rohingya group was in the news several years ago and up to the present and they live in Myanmar, also known formerly as Burma. Question number twelve. What date has been declared in Republic Act 10966 as a special non-working holiday because it is the feast of the Immaculate Conception? Yes, Yumi. June 12th. The answer is wrong. Jam. December 8th. December 8th is the correct answer. December 8th is the date of the feast of the Immaculate Conception. K-check. And that also ends our second round. Okay, so let's do a recap of points. Kirby is leading with 100 points followed by Jamis with 60 points. Yumi with 20 points and Simay, kaya mo pa ang habulin yan sa ating last round. Kasi hindi patapos po ang laban ultimate pagalingan round na dito sa pagbabalik lang. K-check. Welcome back to K-check. At this point, ang ating points to recap we have Kirby in the lead with 100 points followed by Jamis with 60. Yumi with 20. And May with negative 20. Pero meron pa tayong parating na ultimate pagalingan round. That's right. Kaya naman, let's go for those points and for the win. Remember, sa ating panel of experts magagaling ang mga katanungan. Dito, correct answers are worth 30 points each. At may 15-point deduction for wrong answers. Let's begin. So let's begin our pagalingan round with Prof. Glesy. Ano ang pambansang dahon ng Pilipinas. Letter A, malunggay. Letter B, ang palaya. Letter C, anahau. Letter D, kawayan. Letter E, silly. Yumi. A po, malunggay. Wrong answer. May. Anahau posi. The answer is anahau. K-check. Prof. Glesy. In the Earth's atmosphere, a layer shields life from harmful solar radiation. What is the name of this protective layer? A, troposphere. B, ozone layer. C, stratosphere. D, mesosphere. E, thermosphere. Kirby. B, ozone layer. The ozone layer is a region in the stratosphere that absorbs most of the sun's UV radiation protecting life on Earth. K-check. Bami silamat, Prof. P. Prof. Lu. For the category, World Geography. How many time zones does Australia have? Letter A, three. Letter B, four. Letter C, five. Letter D, six. Letter E, seven. Letter E. Australia has three time zones, Eastern, Central and Western. The correct answer is three. K-check. Man silamat, back to Prof. Glesy. Okay, second question ko. Saan matatagpoan ang cry of Pugadlawin Monument? Letter A, Ateneo de Manila Campus. Letter B, University of the East Campus. Letter C, Loyola Memorial Park. Letter D, UP Campus. And letter E, Balara Filters. Ang tamang sagot ay Letter D, UP Campus sa harap ng Vincent's Hall. Oh, 50. Math naman tayo. What is the value of five factorial? A, 120. B, 60. C, 20. D, 5. E, 15. You mean? A, 120. Five factorial is five times four times three times two times one which is equal to 120. K-check. Yun pala ang five factorial. Thank you, Prof. Glesy. In Philippine Geography. As of 2019, which region is the largest with an area of 29,620.9 km2? Letter A, Cagayan Valley. Letter B, Central Luzon. Letter C, Sock Sergeant. Letter D, Beagle Region. Or letter E, Mimaropa. The region of Mimaropa is composed of the provinces of Misamis, Marinduke, Romblon, and Palawan. The correct answer is Mimaropa. Round three with Prof Glesy. Sa arts ulit. Sino ang sikat na manggugukit ng comic strip na Slice of Life. Letter A, Larry Sabangan. Letter B, Larry Alcala. Letter C, Larry Dizon. Letter T, Larry Subasta. And letter E, Larry Mariano. You mean? Larry Mariano. Wrong answer. Anyone can steal? The correct answer is Larry Alcala. Letter B, Larry Mariano. Prof Glesy. Prof Ricky. Okay, sa physics naman tayo. In the world of electricity, what is the flow of electric charge coal? A, voltage. B, resistance. C, current. D, capacitance. And E, conductance. Curby. C, current. Electric current is the flow of electric charge typically measured in amperes. K check. Prof Glesy. A world history naman tayo. These historical events all happened in 1989 except letter A, the opening of the Berlin Wall. Letter B, the Velvet Revolution in the Czech Republic. Letter C, the Dissolution of the Soviet Union. Letter D, the Tiananmen Square protest. Letter E, the death of Emperor Hirohito. The correct answer is C, the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The dissolution of the USSR resulted in its 15 constituent republics gaining full independence on December 26, 1991. And for our last and final round of the Pagalingan round, Prof Glesy. Yes, ito alam nyo siguro. Sino ang kilalang babayeng rakista na nagpasikat sa mga awiti tulad ng nosibalasi, bonggahan at tal. Letter A, Kamuning. Letter B, Sampagita. Letter C, Kampupot. Letter D, Santana. Letter E, Kalachuchi. Kirby. Letter B, Sampagita. The correct answer is Letter B, Sampagita. Oy, rakista ka, siguro. K, check. Prof Ricky. Sa life sciences nungan tayo. During protein synthesis, the instructions from DNA are transcribed into RNA. What is the base of the pairs with adenine in RNA? A, thymine. B, guanine. C, cytosine. D, uracil. E, adenine. The correct answer is letter D, uracil. In RNA, uracil pairs with adenine during transcription. And for our last question for this round, Prof Lu. Philippine political history tayo. This is the oldest political party in the Philippines founded in 1907. Letter A, liberal party. Letter B, Partido Nacional Progresivo. Letter C, Nacionalista party. Letter D, Partido Federal. Letter E, Democratic party. Founded in 1907, the Nacionalista party or Partido Nacionalista is the oldest political party in both the Philippines and in Southeast Asia. The correct answer is C, Nacionalista party. And that's it for the Kcheck Ultimate Pagalingan round. Congratulations to Kirby. Our Kcheck daily winner with a final score of 190 points. We'll see Kirby again on Friday when he competes with our other daily winners for a spot in our semifinals. And we'd like to thank the other contestants, James, Yumi, and May. And to our members of the panel of experts, Prof. Glesy, Prof. Ricky and Prof. Lu. Maraming salamat po. Ako po, si Jules Guia. And I am attorney Gaby Concepcion. Join us again tomorrow for another round of Kcheck.