Greetings, friends! Welcome to CTUCC Conference Cast for November 7, 2013, the regular podcast of the Connecticut Conference of the United Church of Christ. Whoever you are and wherever you may be on life's journey at this very moment, you are welcome here. We begin this week's conference cast with this meditation from the Reverend Eric Anderson, Minister of Communications and Technology, and your podcast host. In the 20th chapter of Luke, Jesus debates some Sadducees who did not believe in a resurrected life after death. They put a very complex question to him, designed to trap him, but he steps aside and says that the new life and the new age are very different, and the complexities of this life simply don't apply. Then he tells them, and the fact that the dead are raised Moses himself showed in the story about the bush, where he speaks of the Lord as the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob. Now he is God not of the dead, but of the living, for to him all of them are alive. Questions can break things. You've done it, haven't you? I know I have. I've listened to somebody assert something spinning out a grand statement on the ultimate nature of things, or alternatively some minor declaration of fact, and I've spotted some flaw or believed I did. And rather than offer a contradiction, I've laid a trap. Oh, speaker, I've said, here's my question about what you've just said, and then I've sat back to watch the struggle as they cope with the inconsistency. The sad you see stand on ground that's very familiar to me, I'm afraid. Now mind you, I've been in Jesus' place too, with somebody else spotting the flaw in my assertions, someone who thrusts that crowbar of a question which I'd somehow failed to notice into the whirling gears of my thought. I've felt the wheels grind to a halt with the teeth tearing away and watched the sprockets bounce and roll away blazing into the dark. Metaphorically, that is. But Jesus now, he seizes the crowbar and makes it part of the machine. The sad you see's lengthy example serves simply to demonstrate that the resurrection in which they don't believe is so far outside their experience that the question itself proves nothing. New life says Jesus is beyond marriage or unmarriage. It's beyond the question. So let's cut to the chase. Do the dead live or not?  Electionary, for reasons best known to its editors, omits the response. They no longer dare to ask him another question.  Jesus' argument, however, which we frequently call a proof text, is less effective in our day. My seminary professors many years ago would have properly graded it harshly indeed, and a contemporary audience does not have that kind of reference for the ancient texts. And so it leaves the question of a new resurrected life squarely before us. As for me, I believe it. I have evidence but no proof. The evidence of generations of frequently frightened women and men who experienced the living Christ and declared it despite being dismissed, discounted, and sometimes detained. I have the evidence of people of faith whom I've known and trusted. And I have this life given by the Creator. I've heard the whisperings of the Spirit. I've felt the promptings of the Savior. I have no crowbar of a question that will mangle a contemporary Sadducees' mental machine. And even if I did, I shouldn't use it. What I have is just experience, and confidence, and hope. That our God is not the God of the dead, but of the living. And to this God, all of us live now and live forevermore. Here's a prayer for this week. Do not give us a crowbar to break our neighbor's mental machine, O God. Give us a lever for our own, that it might always turn aware of your bright hope in this world and all of the worlds that may yet be. Give us confidence not in the perfection of our logic, but in the perfection of your love. Give us assurance it's not of our immortality, but of your gracious care. To see that we may live now and live anew. The name of the crucified and risen one, Jesus the Christ. Amen. In the news this week, the safety of the most vulnerable among us, particularly children, is the goal of local church's safe conduct policies. They establish standards of conduct which church leaders should follow, both the pastor on the youth group trip and the Sunday school teacher in the classroom. The guidelines for these policies have significantly evolved since most of our churches adopted them some years ago, according to the conference's minister of faith formation, Karen Zeal. In those first iterations, churches made sure to do background checks on those who worked with children, gave them training in proper procedure and made sure that adults did not work with children alone. Other critical aspects have been given more attention in the recent guidelines from the insurance boards, particularly systems from monitoring staff and volunteers and providing them with useful feedback. Make sure to visit our website for links to the insurance board's church assessment tool and safe conduct template. There is an old saying that runs, the eyes are the windows of the soul. At the Westfield Congregational Church UCC in Danielson, pastor the Reverend Jonathan Chapman works each week to ensure that his worshipers' souls can be nourished by the eyes as well as the ears. He uses homely objects like pitchers and plates to adorn the communion table, and he uses dramatic sweeping fabric across the meeting house to help tell the story of that day. Last Thanksgiving, for example, vegetables rose from the altar in great mounds. When the service was over, some of those vegetables went to local food agencies and some went home to become part of the Thanksgiving feasts in the worshipers' homes. Reverend Chapman lent his skills to the worship space at last month's annual meeting of the conference, and he has established the Westfield Center for Liturgical Creativity to make resources available for other local churches who are interested in bringing a new visible life to their worship. Today is the formal first day on the staff of the Reverend Dominique Atchison, our new coordinator for the Sacred Conversations on Race Ministry. We will have a profile of her on our website next week, so please look for that. And we hope that you'll join us in giving her a warm welcome to the Connecticut Conference. And we're grateful today to have conference archivist John Van Epps join us in the studio for this edition of Touchstones with History. With the appointment of a director of our Sacred Conversations on Race, it might be helpful to review what our conference has and has not accomplished over the centuries. Slavery existed in Connecticut in the colonial era, primarily as house servants or fieldhands. Several of our ministers as leaders of their communities owned slaves. There's the important story of Venture Smith, who bought his freedom in the late 1700s, wrote a book about his experiences, and was active in the town and church of East Hadham. By the late 1700s, many of our churches in clergy were anti-slavery, but the abolitionist movement was not strong until later in the 1800s. The first action by the General Association was a resolution in 1788 that, quote, the slave trade is unjust and that every justifiable measure ought to be taken to suppress it. It also voted to appoint a committee to petition the General Assembly for some effectual laws for the abolition of the slave trade. The next year it was voted to prohibit the slave trade in Connecticut, to abolish slavery for all persons born after that date, and to allow for the gradual emancipation of existing slaves. However, slavery did not end completely until the 1840s. Much of the fervor for this movement in our churches came from the New Light evangelicals of the Second Great Awakening in the 1790s. A significant impetus in the abolition movement was the Amistad event of 1839. Our Farmington Church and others were active in the defense of the captives and then in their housing following their release. At this time James Pennington was pastor of what is now Faith Church in Hartford. He and others helped to provide assistance to the Amistad people and to eventually arrange for their return to Sierra Leone. Out of these and other efforts arose the American Missionary Association in 1846. This group provided for schools and colleges to educate blacks in the South, especially after the Civil War. Amos Beeman was pastor in the 1840s of what is now Dixville Avenue Church in New Haven. He became active in the Underground Railroad to aid escaped slaves to reach freedom in Canada. Several other clergy were involved in this effort, including the pastors of the two churches in Guilford. Almost every month at the consociation meetings there was a discussion on the topics of abolition and slavery. Eventually by the mid-1840s both pastors were forced to resign because of their anti-slavery views. The anti-slavery and abolitionist advocates then formed Third Congregational Church in Guilford. After the formation of our conference in 1867 the attention was on other matters. In 1899 there was a resolution expressing sympathy for blacks in the South suffering from mob attacks, destruction of their homes, and denial of education. A resolution in 1915 protested segregation in the federal government and called for the end of the discrimination in public service. Then in 1952 the conference pledged to work toward a quote non-segregated church in a non-segregated community and to confront its own membership to eliminate prejudice. Several resolutions followed in succeeding years dealing with race relations and several churches and members were active in the civil rights movement of the 1960s, especially Edwin Edmonds of Dixwell Avenue Church. You can find the current headlines at any time on our website visit us at ctucc.org slash news. The Connecticut Association of the United Church Educators offers a workshop titled Refuel Through Relationship Enhance Your Faith Formation Ministry seven times this month. The first one is November 12th in Goshen followed by the 13th in Talland, the 14th in West Hartford, the 16th in South Britain, the 18th in Norwich, the 19th in North Haven, and the 21st in Fairfield. And you can have a conversation with the conference minister Kent Solati will be in Fairfield on November 14th and in Litchfield on the 21st. The Saints group of retired clergy will have their fall gathering on November 19th in Cheshire and you can learn about sacred dance at a stepping stones workshop on December 3rd in Southington. Registration is open for the Christmas at Silver Lake Retreats held at Silver Lake December 6th through 8th. There are two retreats that weekend. One is for 5th and 6th graders, the other for 7th and 8th graders.  You can always learn more about what's coming up in the Connecticut Conference by visiting us at ctucc.org slash events. And that brings this conference cast to a close. Thanks to you for listening and to GarageBand for our music. Primary funding for conference cast comes from your congregation's gifts to our church's wider mission, basic support, changing lives to the United Church of Christ. This is Eric Anderson, the minister of communications and technology for the Connecticut Conference of the United Church of Christ, praying that your days this week may be filled with the presence, the guidance and the grace of God.


Everybody Matt here for late in sports cards are up in one box of 2022 Bowman Sterling baseball. This is for mark R. Good luck mark Here we go probably not just because of the Player Scotty Really cool card Maybe it was a bigger rookie than yeah, let's see what you got There's Jackson co R rookie rice and stop That is refractor to 199 Pedro Pineda auto Trey Sweeney It's prospect Otto Jonathan Classe and Pedro Pineda and a la Cruz Quintana and Otto Miguel Blyce There's Dari Lorenzo Guzman and Diaz Ramos Cal Raleigh Rookie and Cal Raleigh That is many diamonds rookie to 150. There's Otto Christian Santana Hey remarks. How you doing Costa and Garcia? Hernandez James Wood. That's Stuart Fairchild rookie This is Nice that is Henry Davis 37 of 50 That is Sterling Tech autograph You go mark nice hit Louise Frias and Matt Manning rookies. All right Last mini box Nick Lodolo, I will be having some two box pick your team styles I think three of those tomorrow on the LSE baseball breaks There's Lodolo Spencer Torpleson rookie and Otto Lonnie white junior nice one mark. There's Castro Mackenzie Gore and one yep as rookies That'll do it for your box. Appreciate the purchase mark. We'll get these right out to you


Speaking of the Colts offense, because of the things that I just talked about, Marlon Mack is an interesting player running back this week. He's the team starting running back, but he got game scripted out of week 6 matchup against the Jets. When the Colts are trailing, Naheem Hines is going to see the field. That's going to be the issue with Mack moving forward, but not this week. Or at least hopefully not this week. The Colts are at home, and they're 7.5 points favorites against the Bills. A positive script should come, and as a result, the dude who saw 12 of the Colts 17 running back carries last week should be in store for an RB2 outing. And that dude is Marlon Mack.


Three categories of singles. One, some are born to be single, two, some are made single, three, some chose to be single.


Hello, everyone. Welcome to PyLondinium, the first and probably best so far PyLondinium event we have had. So I just wanted to have a show of hands to know how many people is the first Python conference that have gone. So can I have first Python conference? OK, you're going to love it. And I will encourage you to go to more because I think Python conferences is a unique experience. You really should try to make as much as you can. So for all of you that is the first Python conference, we are all here to share some time with the people that do similar thing like us in the sense of we enjoy the language, we enjoy the community, and we are here to share the time, share stories, do networking, and ideally as well, learn some things from the talk. Something I wanted to really highlight of this conference is that PyLondinium is done in support of the PSF. So you, but just coming here, you are helping Python be a better language, and we are helping people to get into Python into programming. So all the money that you paid for your ticket, it's going directly to the PSF. We have the chart here. If you want more information, we will have in the keynote. But yeah, I just wanted to say again, thank you for coming because by you coming here and enjoying time, you are actually helping the community. I see some people waving. Yeah, it's really hot in here. We are working on that. Ideally, in something like 30 minutes, you should get better. Sorry about that. Next, this conference would be possible with our sponsors. So I want to tell you a little bit about we have Python Anywhere, which made a donation in the name of PyLondinium. I don't know if you saw this company before. But if you go to python.org, the shell that is in Python.org is actually provided by them. They are quite committed to the conference. We have a really which has donated some books that we'll do a raffle at the end. We have StickerMool. You have stickers in there that are provided by StickerMool. Antiquitea is the platform that allows us to do all this without charging us any fee. And I work here, so I might be biased. But I think it deserves a whole slide. Bloomberg has taken all the costs for this conference. They have been keen in making this possible. They have both upstairs, if you're interested in knowing more about Bloomberg. I'm just going to say I'm proud to work here if you consider it. Go upstairs. Next, Code of Conduct. As all PyCons, we have a Code of Conduct. We want that everyone has a good time. This is really important. If you haven't read the Code of Conduct, you should have. We have sent it on the email. If you don't comply to the Code of Conduct, you may be asked to leave the event. We're really going to make sure that everyone has a good time here. And it's really important that you make not only yourself have a good time, but you make yourself aware that people should be treated with respect. And that's why we have a Code of Conduct. Please have a look, and be sure to follow it. Next thing, line yards should stay in the building. All of you should have this Bloomberg line yard. We have more than 200 line yards, and you probably want to take them home today. But as for the conference, please leave them here. You can collect them tomorrow again. I know it's a painful process, but it's needed. If you want to leave and have some air, you need to leave them and then collecting again. Something important is when you come down through the seventh floor, they might ask you to leave the line yard.  This is our venue. I don't know if has anyone gone upstairs so far? OK. So if you had an amazing view of some poles, you can wander around, enjoy the country and amenities and everything. There's some free space if you need a computer, if you want to call to something. But yeah, I wanted to remind that this is an office space. So please be mindful of the spaces that you use. If it looks like you can go through a corridor, go through it. If you see a security person, please don't try to sneak out. Just follow common sense, OK? This is an office space. You have seen the security people that looks really serious, so don't make them angry. Also, pictures are OK, but not of people, especially security. If you take a picture of security, they will probably ask you to remove it. And if you want to take a picture of someone, please make sure that they are OK about it. We have five minutes to go from ground floor to the seventh floor if you want to go. So if you haven't been to the office first, you need to take the elevators here on the left, going through the linear. That's how the pantry looks. So you go through that space, you take the stairs up, as you can see here, and you will see the auditorium here. So we have two spaces, ground floor auditorium and seventh floor auditorium. Please make time to go there if it's the first time you go upstairs. The agenda. Has anyone not seen the agenda on the web? I hope you did, because we have an amazing content that, basically, we have four absolutely outstanding keynotes. 24 is also outstanding talks. We have open spaces where we will do informal presentations and talks. We have lighting talks. If you want to register for the lighting talks, there is a sheet on the entrance where you can put your name. And we'll have a closing ceremony Sunday evening and a little raffle with the books that we have for Romer really. In terms of catering, we have both vegan, vegetarian, meat, and gluten-free options. I'm really sorry we couldn't cover all options, but if you have gluten-free dietary restriction, please make sure to tell someone from the staff and they'll bring you a feed. We have also coffee breaks with some snacks. You can see it in the agenda. And those will be in the seventh floor. All catering and coffees will be in the seventh floor. Tonight, we'll have a social event. Basically, we're just going to the pub that's around the corner. You can see that's the walk. It's really, really close. It's called the Sugarloaf. If you want to share more time than just the conference and do further networking, please come through and join us. And we can have some beers there. I'm really short on time. If you want to tweet to PylonDinium, please use at PylonDinium. If you want to tweet about PylonDinium, and you are encouraged to do it, do hashtag PylonDinium18. And if you want to talk around PylonDinium, here you have this beautiful to do that you forgot to change. On your email, you should have gotten a link to be able to join this work space where we have all the attendees, different events, Q&A, and everything. So check your email. I'm really sorry I didn't put it. I'll put it tomorrow in the opening. And yeah, I should have more time to have to put this. Then usually in the conference, you'll have a green room. We have a green wall. So when you go upstairs, you'll see this green wall just on the left. If you're a speaker, please try to be 20 minutes before your session on the green wall. There is some preparation we need to do. And we'll really thankfully if you are on time and we get to mic you up, answer questions, and get you ready. So please go through the green wall, upstairs 20 minutes earlier. I want to reinforce again, there is five minutes if you want to go from the ground floor to the seven floor, which is probably not enough if 100 people want to go through three elevators upstairs. So if you really want to make it to a session upstairs and you're in the ground floor or the other way around, consider jumping the questions and going straight upstairs. Something I always, I wouldn't say love, but I feel I need, say in all conferences, as random roads, like floating by more roads, after the speaker has finished delivering their presentation, there will probably be five minutes for question. And when you go to the mic and prepare to ask your question, remember to phrase your question in the form of a question. Really important. For anything you need, there will be organizers with this t-shirt. So feel free to approach them and ask any question or any assistant you might need. And I have to remind you, there is no drill happening this weekend. So if you hear the fire alarm voice, it's like a voice that tells you to follow some instructions. The protocol is evacuate and disperse. I love how that sounds. Just make sure that you follow our organizers so you can come back. If there is a fire, you're asked to leave the building 100 meters away from Tom Bielberg. That's all. I'm sorry I'm taking time from Naomi. Thank you very much. I hope you enjoy the conference. And thanks for just coming and helping the PSF.


From around the globe, it's theCUBE with digital coverage of PostgreSQL Vision 2021, brought to you by EDB. Welcome back to PostgreSQL Vision 21 where theCUBE is covering the innovations and open source trends in this new age of application development and how to leverage open source database technologies to create world class platforms that are cost effective and also scale. My name is Dave Vellante and with me is Roberto Giordano who is the end user computing corporate and database services manager at Borsa Italiana, the Italian stock exchange. Roberto, great to have you. Thanks for coming on. Thanks Dave and thanks to the EDB friends for the invitation. Okay, and we're going to dig in to the great customer story here. First, Roberto, tell us a little bit more about Borsa Italiana and your role at the organization. Absolutely. Well, as you mentioned, Borsa is the Italian stock exchange. We used to be part of the London stock exchange, but last month we left that group and we joined another group called Euronext. So we are now part of another group, I could say. And right now within Euronext, Euronext provided the biggest liquidity pool in Europe just to mention something. And basically we provide the market infrastructure to our customers across Europe and the world. So probably if it happens for you to, I don't know, buy a little bit of Ferrari, for instance, probably use our infrastructure. So I wonder if you could talk about the key drivers in the exchange business in Italy. I mean, I don't know how closely you follow what's going on in the United States, but it's crypto madness. There's the Reddit army driving up stocks that have big short positions. And of course, the regulators have to look at that and there's a big debate going on. I don't know what's it like in Italy, but what are the key drivers that are really informing the priorities for your technology strategy? Well, you mentioned, for instance, the few typical cases that added a little bit of volatility to the global markets and also to our markets. As an IT professional running market infrastructure is our first goal to provide an infrastructure that is reliable and with the lowest possible latency. So we are very focused on performance and reliability just to mention the two main drivers within our systems. Well, and you have end user computing in your title and we're going to get into the database discussion, but I presumably with COVID, you had to pivot and that piece of your job was escalated in 2020, I would imagine. And you mentioned latency, which is a key factor in obviously in database access, but that must have been a big challenge last year. Well, it was really a challenge, basically we moved just within a weekend the whole organization working remotely and it has been like this since February 2020. Think about the challenge of moving almost 1,000 people that used to come to the office every day to start to work remotely. And as within my team and user computing this was really a challenge, but it was a good one. At the end, we succeeded and everything worked fine. From our perspective, no news is a good news, because normally when something doesn't work we are on newspapers. So if you didn't hear about us, it means that everything worked just fine. You know, it's amazing, Roberto, we're both in the technology business, you're a practitioner, I'm a observer. But I mean, if you're in the tech business most companies actually pivoted quite well. You have always been a digital business, different. I mean, if you're Ferrari and making cars and you can't get semiconductors, but most technology companies actually made the transition quite amazingly. Let's get into the case study a bit. I wonder if you could paint a picture of your organization's infrastructure and applications, what it looks like and particularly your database infrastructure. What does that look like? Well, we are a multi vendor shop. So we like to pick the right technology for the right service. This means that my database services teams currently manage several different technology where Postgres plays a big role in our portfolio. And because we currently support both the open source, fully open source version of Postgres but also the EDB distribution. In particular, we prefer to use the EDB distribution where we need specific functionalities that just EDB provide. And when we need a first class level of support that EDB in recent year was able to provide to us.  Or maybe you could be specific. Just to mention one, for instance, we recently migrated our Intraside Availability Solution using the EDB failover manager that is an additional component that just EDB provide. Yeah, okay, so part recovery obviously is, and so that's a solution that you want to get from the EDB distro as opposed to having to build it yourself with open source tooling. Yeah, correct. Well, basically historically, we used to rely on OS clustering from that perspective but over the years we found, even if it's a technology that works fine, it has been around for decades and so on, we faced some challenges internally because within my team, we don't own also the operative system layers. So we want a solution that was 100% within our control and perimeter. So just a few months ago, we asked the EDB folks if they can provide something and after a couple of meetings, also with their pre-sales engineers, we found the right solution for us. So quick long story short, just a quick proof of concept, few tests together, again, using the EDB consultancies and then beginning of this year, we went live with the first mission critical service using this brand new technology. Well, brand new technology for us. EDB created a few years ago. Right, and I do have some follow-up questions there, but I want to understand what catalyzed the, what was the motivation for going with an open source data, I mean, you're a great example because you're multi-vendor, so you have experience with all of it, the full spectrum. What was it about open source database, generally EDB specifically that triggered the choice? Well, thanks for the question. This is one of the questions that I always like. I think what really drove us was the right combination between easy to use, so simplicity and those good value for money. So we like to pick the right database technology for the right kind of service slash budget that the service has and the open source solution for a specific service, it's our first choice. So we are not, I could say, a company that use just one technology. We like to pick the best upgrade that the market can offer, and in some cases, open source and policy in particular is our choice. How involved was the line of business in both the decision and the implementation? Was it kind of invisible to them or this was really more of a technology decision based on your interpretation of the requirements? I'm interested in who was involved and how you actually got it done? Well, I think this decision was transparent for the business. At the end, they don't really have that kind of disability. They just provide requirements in particular in terms of performance and reliability. And so this is something they are not really involved about. And obviously, if we are in a position to save a little bit of money, everybody's happy, even the business. So what did you have to do, that makes sense to me. I figured that was the case. Who were the stakeholders on your team? I mean, what kind of technical resources did you require and implementation resources? Take us through what the project, if you will, looked like. How did you do it? Well, it's a combination of database expertise. I got the pleasure to run a team that is made by very, very senior, very, very skilled database services professional that are able to support more than what technology and also are very open to innovation and changes. Plus, obviously, we need also the relevant development teams on board when you run this kind of transformations. And it looks like also they like the idea to use Postgres for this specific service I got in mind. So it was quite easy, not big discussion, you know? What was the elapsed time from when you said, okay, we're in, you know, signed the agreement, we're going here, you made the decision to actually getting into production? Well, as I mentioned, we run services and applications that are really focused on high availability and performance. So generally speaking, we are not a big organization. Also, we run a business that is highly regulated. So as you know, as you can imagine, we are an organization that don't have a lot of appetite for risk, you know? So generally speaking, in order to run this kind of transformation is a matter of several months. I would say six, nine months to have something delivered. That's space. Right, okay, well, that's, I mean, that's reasonable. I mean, if you could do it inside of a year, that's I think quite good, especially in the highly regulated industry. And then you mentioned kind of the failover, the high availability capabilities. Were there other specific EDB tools that you utilized to sort of address the objectives? Yeah, absolutely. In particular, we use POSgress Enterprise Manager, AKA PAM, okay? And very recently, we were involved within ADB about, I could say specifically developing one functionality that we needed back in the day. I think together with PART, these are the three ADB specific tools that we use right now. And I'm interested in, I want to get to the business impact. And I know it's early days for you, but the real motivation was to save money, simplify. I would actually, I would imagine your developers were happy because they get to use modern tooling and open source. But really, your industry is bottom line, right? I mean, that's really what the business case was all about. But I wonder if you could add some color there in terms of the business impact that you expect. And I mean, I don't know how much visibility you have now, but anything you can share with us. Well, thinking about the EFM implementation, that the business impact was that in case of a failure, the DBA team, the database services team is able to provide a solution that is within our 100% within our perimeter. So this means that we are fully accountable for it. So in a nutshell, when you run a service, the less people, the less teams you have to involve, the more control you can deliver. And in some, again, very critical services, this is a great value. Okay, so, and where do you want to take this? I mean, how do you see, what's your, if you're thinking about your Postgres and generally an EDB roadmap, where do you want it to go? Well, I stay to trends within the organization. The first one is about migrating more existing services to open source solution for database is going to be Postgres. Another trend I see within my organization is about designing applications, not only to be, to use Postgres as the database layer. I think both trends are more or less running at the same speed right now. You know, a lot of the audience members at Postgres Vision 21, just like you, they're managing day-to-day infrastructure, they're expert practitioners. What advice would you give to somebody that is thinking about, you know, taking this journey? Maybe if you had to do something over again, maybe what would you do differently? How can you help your peers here? Well, I think, in particular, if you are, I can say, a big organization that runs highly regulated business, in some cases you are a little bit afraid of open source because there is this, I can say, general consideration about the lack of enterprise level support. I would like to say that it is just about the past because there are a bunch of companies like EDB that are 100% capable of providing enterprise level of support even on the open source distribution of Postgres. Obviously, then, if you are going to go with their specific distribution, the level of support is going to be even more accurate. But as we know, EDB currently is the main contributor of the Postgres community, and I think this is an insurance for every organization. So your advice is don't be afraid, is that right? Yeah, my advice is absolutely don't be afraid. And if I can mention also about the cloud technologies, this is also another topic where if possible, I would like to suggest to not being afraid. EDB as every, I would say, organization within the IT industry is really pushing for it. And I think for a lot of cases, not all of them, but a lot of cases, there is a great value about design services application to be cloud-native or migrating existing application into the cloud. Okay, but being a highly regulated industry and being very much aware of the narrative around open source, et cetera, you must have had just a little piece of your mind saying, okay, I have to manage this risk. So is there anything specific you did with managing the risk that you would advise was it? Or is it really just about good change management? I think it was mainly about good change management. When you got the relevance stakeholders that you need on board and we are, everybody's going into the same direction that basically is about executing. Excellent, Roberto, I really appreciate your time and your knowledge that you share with the audience. So thanks so much for coming in theCUBE. Thank you, David, it was a great pleasure. And thank you for watching theCUBE's continuous coverage of Postgres Vision 21. We'll be right back.


While testing the CAPA model, there appears two major questions. The first is that how stable is the mayor of systematic risk that is the beta? And second question is whether is there any positive linear relationship between the expected return on a risky asset and the beta as it is generally hypothesized? So how stable is the beta? We see that betas for individual stocks are not as stable as the betas of the large portfolio of the stocks. These portfolio betas are more stable. Larger the portfolios of stock and longer the period, the more stable the beta we see. We also see that high beta portfolios tend to decline over time to 1. Low beta portfolios tend to increase over time towards 1. So we also see that different institutions and professional firms publish betas on stocks and other market indices. We see that the differences exist among the values of beta estimated by these professional values and professional financial firms. So how to use these betas? We need to consider the return interval used and the firm's relative size used in the estimation of such published betas. So what is the relationship between systematic risk and return? We see these in two perspectives. We see the effect of skewness on the relationship. Then we see the effect of size, price earning and the leverage. When we see the effect of skewness on the relationship, we see that investors prefer stocks with high positive skewness because these types of stocks provide an opportunity for very larger returns to the investors. When we see the effect of size, price earning and leverage on risk and return, we see that size and price earnings have an inverse impact on the return after considering the KPM model while computing the returns on the assets. So far as the financial leverage is concerned, it also helpful in explaining the relationship between risk and the returns of the cross-section returns. Another effect we have, that is the effect of the book to market value on stock returns. Farmer and French have questioned the relationship between returns and beta in their phenomenal study in 1992. They found that book value to market value ratio to be a key determinant of the return. If we see the summary of the risk and return empirical results, we can see that the relationship between beta and rate of return is still a debatable point. Now what are the theories versus practices? That is the crux of the market portfolio till now. We see that there exists a controversy over the market portfolio. This means that it is still a debatable point that what proxy can be used to proxied the market return, whether to use a portfolio of all whole of the world assets or the stock market's index. Like in Pakistan we can use the KSE 100 index or the PSX 100 index or any other index as the market return proxy. So there is no unanimity still about which proxy to use. This means that if any incorrect market proxy exists, it will have an effect on both of the beta's riskiness and the position and slope of the SML that are used to evaluate the performance of any portfolio manager.


eighth mile slip We had a 1.488 60 foot. What's up Mo Parfum? I hope everybody's having a blessed day out there as you can see we made it to the racetrack We're here at Silver Dollar in Reynolds, Georgia, and we have Frostbite and we also have Project Storm over there as well So we got both trucks down here, and we're gonna try to run them today. We're waiting on them to get the track ready They're still prepping it DA right now is When I just checked it was about 1177 we had some rain move in yesterday the grains were around 71 71 is what it said for the grains and humidity is pretty high. It's like 97 So right now we're around 1100 probably 1200 DA range by the time we get to race Don't feel too bad out here, you know, it's kind of nice and cool. It's a good crisp 64 65 degrees right now But it feels good We have a lot of changes on the truck. I'm gonna kind of go over it real quick for you so as Most of you know if you caught some of the little teasers We have the new 417 motor sports Intercooler installed. This is the air to water intercooler 1500 horsepower model It's two and a half inches thick and it fits in between the Holley Hiram manifold in the top lid We did have to cut the wiper cowl All the way back to the firewall we will have videos on how we installed this thing and what we had to do So stay tuned for that, but we got it hooked up. We have some just good old cheap Waterline hooked up to it right now just to get things going as we're running out of time to be able to go test and race so we will Down the road eventually make this look a little bit better We might do some braided lines like we did the fuel lines and everything but for right now This is working just fine. We got a clamped on there with some a and barb fittings Running all the way to the icebox I had to redo my Pressure pipe as we got rid of all the intercooler pipes that was down here We got rid of the Intercooler that was behind the grill and As a lot of you know, we had the supercharger outlet We had it clocked at the bottom to accept the intercooler pipes down there So now we have it clocked Coming up the top here. It's kind of similar to how we did storm and we have now a aluminum pipe No more stainless steel pipe. We got aluminum pipe here. We got the blow-off valve installed Methods action right here and the dry nitrous nozzle mounted here along with the nitrous solenoid Mounted on top of the holly lid So we got a super short pipe. It should make boost quicker We should make a little bit more boost because we don't have all the extra piping and Intercooler volume to have to fill To get the system pressurized when it starts to make boost So, you know, I would think we should be a little quicker. So let's go inside real quick Nothing inside has been changed We still got all the carpet in here right now We got the Kirk e-racing seats passenger and driver side Right now we got my pole shifter in we do have the center console removed, but other than that we have door panels We got all the the dash Everything so except my center console. We even got all the backing Panels even the little toolbox stores where the bottles mounted in So we got all that in there and we got the new water box Right here in the back right behind the fuel cell. This is our ice box for right now We just got a little cheapy one from CX racing and you can see we have You can see we got ice cubes down there This should give us some super super cold IETs. We will find out on our first log But it is super ice as you can see it is literally sweating right now. That is how cold this box is We got a little drain right here I can hook a hose to it and we can drain the water out and add more ice if we need to But all know that's pretty much it. That's what we've changed on the truck so far project storm is Identically the same as it was at Moe party But we'll have some changes on that soon as all the old intercooler the air to air intercooler stuff We're gonna be putting on to project storm So storm will have an intercooler very soon along with a holly high ram manifold that we're installing on storm also So stay tuned for that should be pretty dope So cross your fingers guys. Let's see if frostbite and myself can get our first 10 second pass ever in my entire life. So Let's go. Let's get to it We sat in a staging lanes for an hour. So that sucked but My ice box in the back all my ice was melted from sitting there so long, but we did have at least cold water So we're gonna go over to slip and Talk about how my bad luck is today So our first pass draggy right here. I don't know if you guys can see it Draggy says we ran a 1098. I didn't get the video for some reason didn't video it But 1098 at 120 175 is what draggy said So usually many people that run the draggy knows the drag is usually about a tenth slower So we probably had about a 1080 pass Now the time slip I got only shows my eighth mile time and that's how my bad luck just went today for the first pass Somehow I got mixed up and it had me in an eighth mile class So did not show my quarter mile time and they also didn't get it at the tower I even tried to go back and get it and it doesn't show even in the computer eighth miles all I got but The eighth mile slip We had the one point four eighty eight sixty foot. That's the best I've ever had and She definitely hooked very hard eighth mile time was six nine two eight and That actually matches up very good with the draggy as the draggy said we ran a 690 also and then also Let's talk about what we got on the data log again. We didn't have ice water We had cold water because we sat there so long but in the log We launched off the two-step in the trans break at 4,000 rpm and On the two-step we were running about 90 degrees for our IETs, which is excellent and During the pass the entire run it slowly increased very very slow, and it never got any higher than 115 So that was phenomenal. That's the best temperatures I've ever had hands down and it would do much better if I actually had ice still in the box when we were racing But that's just what happens sometimes when you come out here on these test and tune days They have problems with a track some people take too long and you end up sitting there for a long time unfortunately sometimes But she ran hard We did make more boost also guys. All right, so max boost on the log said we ran 12.9 So that's taken max boost and then subtracting 14.7 For the atmosphere, which you know could be plus or minus either way a little bit But for the math we were running about 13 pounds of boost on that pass So we definitely gained some extra boost by going to the air-to-water intercooler and getting rid of the front mount air-to-air We increased at least a little over a pound and a half of boost so it did exactly what I thought We got better IETs. We got more boost and she definitely was faster. We had the best 60 foot I've ever had on frostbite The entire time I've owned this truck and every single pass we've ever raced it We have never ran any faster than one fives. That was the first time we ran a one four something 60 foot So she definitely was liking life today and that was also without the dry nitrous shot That was just on boost and the motor no nitrous. So if we ran a little 35 shot, she probably would have really ran So we're gonna try to hopefully not get screwed this time and get a full-time slip And we're gonna run it the same way and try to get try to keep ice in the box And see if we can get at least so that's my first 10 second slip on paper And if we have time we might try to Give the 35 shot a whirl and see what happens Also the DA right now Per air density online. That's usually what I use is saying that the DA is 1310 The grains are 74.5 and the humidity right now is 77% and we're at 66 degrees So definitely the best numbers I've had on frostbite in that under those conditions hands down so Something's going right today except for the time slip. So hopefully we get a good one this time.


Now we're ready to define the primary term for this section here. What is a linear combination? So we've defined now what a vector means, right? These are things that belong to a vector space and vectors are essentially these things that we can add and scale according to the standard laws of a vector space So now a linear combination to define that take us take some list of vectors here So v1 v2 up to vp This is p many vectors from some some vector space And take that some same number of scalars c1 c2 up to cp these are scalars that belong to the field and our vectors are belonging to an f vector space and then define some new vector y as the following Expression right y is equal to c1 v1. So we take the scalar product there We add that to and this would be a vector sum here We add that to c2 plus v2 add that to c3 v3 all the way down to cp vp and so in this situation y is then defined to be a linear combination of The vectors v1 v2 up to vp with Coefficient c1 c2 up to cp. So a linear combination is any any expression of vectors which combines together these additions and Scalar products of these things right now It's very possible, of course that the scalars here could just be one in which case any sum of Vectors is in fact a linear combination It could also be that p itself is the number one that is there's only one vector in the combination So a scalar multiple of the vector is a linear combination And so a linear combination is essentially the generalization of vector sums and scalar products That is as linear combination is all of the algebraic ways We could combine vectors together Using scalar multiplication and vector addition And so we're looking for all the ways we can combine vectors together and those are each examples of linear combinations Now if you just look at two examples here This first one let's compute a linear combination for a for a vector in c2, right? So this is the complex vector space with two entries So our vectors will look like column vectors with two components using complex numbers here So in this linear combination, we have two times the vector 3i and we have i times the vector 2i and 3 plus 5i now remember with working with complex numbers It's going to be necessary to remember that i is the square root of negative 1 And particularly what you need to know is that i squared is equal to negative 1 if you know that you're going to be fine here so when it comes to Linear combinations they follow the same order of operation as you're used to from algebra Multiplication takes precedence over addition. So we're going to first do the scalar products here So two times the vector 3i will give us six 2i for the first vector And for the second vector when we just when we scale by i you're going to get i times two Which is a 2i, but then you're going to get i times i which is negative one So I'm going to put the real number first For the next one you're going to get i times three which is a 3i and then you're going to get i times 5i Which is a negative five like so so we did the scalar product now we add together The numbers so we're going to add together the first component and we're going to add together the second component And these are complex numbers So add them together According to like terms the real parts go together and the imaginary parts go together So six minus one is a five and then zero i plus 2i is just a 2i the first number didn't have an imaginary part For the second component, there's no real part on the first one So you're just going to get a negative five there and then for the imaginary part you get 2i plus 3i Which is a 5i and so that gives us the linear combination of the numbers right there nothing nothing too complicated there Then As another example, this one here I forgot to mention this is going to be a Linear combination over the vector space z three three what that means here Is remember you might want to rewrite this thing a little bit. This is going to be z three I guess I should write my z like this z three cube, right? So what this right here means you're working mod three So our integers will reduce mod three all numbers should be either zero one or two And then the three up here as a superscript just means our vectors will have three components in the array So when you look at this right here, we're just adding together We'll take the linear combination zero one two plus two times one one one plus two times one zero two Uh, so be aware that we're working mod three in this situation Just like the last example, we're going to we're going to do all the scalar products first So we get zero one and two We're going to get two two two And then lastly we're going to get Two zero four now as we're working mod Three there is no such number as four exactly. It should be reduced down to be one And so remember when you work mod three two times two is actually equal to one Because four and one are congruent Modulo three So we do our scalar multiplication that changed that that did change a little bit, right? So instead of working over rational numbers working mod three, there was that reduction right here Now we add these numbers together Which in case you're going to get zero plus two plus two You're going to get one plus two plus zero and you're going to get two plus two plus one Like so if we just add these together as this integers we end up with four Three and five But remember as we're working mod three we want to reduce all of these things down And so the end four reduces to one like we saw Three would reduce to zero and five would reduce to two And so this linear combination would turn out to be the following vector one zero two I do want to mention that as Students are working through exercises if you're checking your answer with like the back of the book or anything like that Be aware that when you're working over a finite field such as z three all the vectors will be reduced modulo Whatever whatever the module says so if you didn't do that your answer might look different from the answer you're comparing it to It's not that you're wrong It's just you need to reduce it and therefore you need to recognize your answer might be Equivalence to the one presented in the back of the book there And that's how one can compute a linear combination It's no more difficult than adding vectors and scaling them based upon the arithmetic of the associated field


Each year, NEON hires temporary field technicians to perform sampling and lab work. These NEON techs work at 81 field sites across the contiguous U.S., Hawaii, Alaska, and Puerto Rico, working in some of the country's most pristine and wild areas. These positions are ideal for students and scientists who want to explore seasonal field work and gain vital experience collecting data for a continental-scale ecology program. Field technician duties can be a combination of three different collection categories, flora, fauna, and aquatics. As a flora technician, you'll collect data on terrestrial plants to record information on plant diversity and phenology, vegetation structure, and more during the growing season at all NEON terrestrial field sites. Fauna technicians sample and observe small mammals, mosquitoes, ticks, and beetles using a robust sampling design to capture the long-term dynamics of key organismal taxa, like the movement of invasive species and pathogens. Aquatic technicians collect data on surface water chemistry, microbes, algae, fish, aquatic plants, and more to measure the health of freshwater ecosystems across the network. These field technician positions also work in the laboratory performing identification, sorting, and processing of collected samples. There are also opportunities to work with their associated instrumentation. Not to mention, you'll be trained in NEON's highly standardized and high-quality sampling protocols, a skill set sought by many ecologists. No matter which path you choose, NEON field tech positions are a great way to explore hands-on ecological science and network with other scientists. You'll work with a skilled team and learn basic field methods for collecting ecological data. You'll hike through diverse landscapes and get immersed in nature, and at the end of the day, you'll be responsible for having collected and processed data that will be used by researchers, policymakers, and educators to better understand how ecosystems function and change over time. Learn more and apply today at neonscience.org.


Oh, and welcome to the session in which we would look at profitability ratios. We will cover return on assets, return on equity, and return on sales. So the first thing I want you to notice the commonality between all these ratios is the word return. Now the word return might be computed differently for different ratios. Sometimes we use EBIT earnings before interest and taxes. Sometimes we use net income. Your textbook might use different terms and I'll explain why you would use EBIT versus net income inserting circumstances. Before we start I would like to remind you to check out my website farhatlectures.com, especially if you are an accounting student or studying for your CPA exam. If you're studying for your CPA exam, I don't replace your course. So if you have Wiley, Gleim, Roger or Becker, I don't. What I do is I give you additional information or detailed explanation to help you complement. It's in addition to your CPA course. If you are an accounting student, I have plenty of courses to help you. Please connect with me on LinkedIn, subscribe to my YouTube, and connect with me on Instagram and Facebook. Let's go ahead and start to look at those three ratios. Starting with return on sales. Return on sales is computed by taking EBIT. EBIT is earnings before interest and taxes. Now in your textbook, some textbook they use the word net income. So whether your textbook use EBIT or net income, it doesn't matter. The concept is the same. Sometimes they want earnings or sometimes they use what's called operating income rather than income operating income. Now, why do we say operating income and EBIT? Because interest and taxes, the I and the T are not related to your operation. Interest related to how you finance yourself? Because the way if you borrow money, you have to pay interest and taxes has to do with the jurisdiction in which you operate. That's why EBIT is a better measurement of your return of your operation efficiency than net income. But simply put, all we are looking at is we want to see how much you are generating profit or operating profit from your total assets. So if you generated $100 in EBIT earning before interest and taxes and your average total asset. Now in the denominator, every time we use a balance sheet account like asset or equity or stockholders equity, we use the average, especially if in the numerator, we have an income statement account. EBIT is an income statement. Remember, an income statement covers a period of time. For example, one year, the balance sheet, if we're looking at the balance sheet, the balance sheet tells you what is the date numbers. So you're comparing a period of time versus a date. So to make this comparison more relevant, what you do is you take your beginning balance plus the ending balance for the balance sheet and you find the average. This way you'll find what is your average asset. This way you can divide net income divided by the average asset. So they're both covering the same period of time. So that's why in the denominator when you use asset, you want to use a balance sheet, you would use the average. So if EBIT is $100 and average total asset is $1,000, we would say your return on sales is 10%. It means for every dollar in assets you have, for every dollar in asset, for every dollar in asset, you are generating 10 pennies in profit. Is this good? Is this bad? Just like with any other ratio, you have to compare them to something else, either to a prior period, to a competitor or to the industry. So let's compare 0.1, 0.10 and let's assume the industry has a return of asset of 15%. Then you return an asset, we would say it's not good, it's below the industry. If the industry is 7%, then 10% looks good. So always ratios you'll take them in a form and a context, you don't just interpret them on their own. So return on asset is an indicator of how profitable a company is relative to its asset. So basically how well you are using, you are utilizing your assets. How efficient are you in utilizing your asset? Now return on equity, the second ratio, this is a very interesting ratio because return on equity is a very important ratio. We have a one-haul recording about return on equity when we look at the Dupont analysis and we decompose return on equity. But here we're just going to cover it real quick. But if you want more about return on equity, if you want to break it down into its five components, margin, leverage, return on asset, the tax burden and the interest burden, please view the return on equity recording that deals with the Dupont analysis. But simply put, it's net income divided by average stockholders' equity. It's a measure of the financial performance calculated by taking net income by shareholders' equity. Now because equity is equal to the company's asset minus its debt, return is considered, ROE is considered the return on net asset. Net asset is what? Net asset. When we say the word net asset, it means you are taking something from asset. Well, when we do, when we take assets minus liabilities equal to net assets. Well, what is assets minus liabilities equal to? Equal to equity or stockholders' equity. That's why what we do is we take net income. And here we are computing net income because what belongs to the shareholders' equity is after you pay your debt and your taxes. That's what's left for them. That's why you would use net income when you are computing return on equity. So on the return on equity, net income is an appropriate numerator because it's taken into account the cost of the debt and the cost of the taxes, which is something that the stockholders have to pay for.  You are paying the interest for the bondholders before anything is left for you. So that's the, that's the, that's the component. Once again, the easiest way is to play with some figures. Again, I like to use, you know, simple numbers. If net income is 100 and shareholders' equity is 800, then your return on equity is 12.5. Is this good? Is this bad? Again, we go back to the same concept. You have to compare your return on equity to prior periods, to competitors. What happened if you put your money with a competitor? What's your return on equity? What happened if you compare your return on equity for your company, the software industry, let's assume you're in the software industry versus the return on equity for the other, the average software industry. Are you doing better than the industry or less than the industry? It's better to compare yourself to a competitor or compare yourself to a prior period. I don't like comparing to the industry, although it's, it's a legitimate, it's a legitimate comparison because the industry might have many, many differences. And we're going to talk about those differences later. So it's, it's harder to compare your performance to the industry. That's a negative, but also the positive is when you compare yourself to the industry, all these differences will average up. So some people they have, for example, aggressive revenue recognition, other companies might have conservative revenue recognition, they also kind of average out, average out. But I prefer to compare yourself to yourself from a prior period or to the closest competitor. Now, also the competitor, when you compare yourself to a competitor, they might be using a different accounting standard than you are. But usually what happens is analysts, they will take those changes into consideration. And I will have a recording about, you know, the differences, what are the limitations of financial statement analysis when you compare yourself to someone else. So the best is to compare yourself to yourself from a prior period. But the other comparison are perfectly legitimate and good. The third ratio is return on sales or profit margin. Here you are taking your EBIT earnings before interest and taxes and dividing it by sales. So notice here you don't do averages. Why don't you use averages? Because EBIT is an income statement figure. Sales is an income statement figures. They're both income statement. So you don't have to use averages. Okay. So what is the profit margin or return on sales? It tells us, and this is an important figure, how much profit is being produced per $1 in sales. So simply put, another way to look at this is look, taking the bottom number of the income statement divided by the top number. What do I mean by that? When you look at an income statement, the first number on the income statement sales, then you have cost of goods sold, then you have operating expenses, then you might have other expenses, as well as other, you know, other minor deductions, taxes, interest, so on and so forth. Until you get to your earnings, oh, let's not deduct interest and taxes, then you get to be EBIT. Then after EBIT, you deduct your interest.  So what we're doing here is you could use net income if you want to, but what they're doing here is they're using EBIT here.  But usually when we think of the profit margin, because you have to pay taxes and interest before you come up to your profit margin, but in this session, I would use EBIT as in the numerator. So simply put, if your EBIT is, let's assume 100 and your sales is, let's make it 500, okay? So if your sales is 500, your EBIT is 100, what does that mean? That's one or 100 divided by 500 or one fifth or equal to 20%. That's considered a high profit margin or a high return on sales. It means for every dollar in sales, for every dollar in sales, you are keeping 20 pennies, 20 pennies. Now bear in mind, different companies in different industries will have different profit margin. For example, the retailers like Walmart, Costco, any place that you can think of that sells the same item, Target, any place that go into the mall and look around, most places they sell pretty much similar items unless it's a luxury place. Like forget about the mall because in the mall you might have a jewelry store, they have a high profit margin. But if you think of Target, Walmart, these companies, they have a very low profit margin, maybe two and maximum three, three and a half percent their profit margin. They don't make a lot per one dollar of sales. But what they do is they make up this profit with their turnover. They have a high turnover. So although their profit is not much, but they sell a lot. So when you take 2% and you multiply, for example, by 10, then you will get a decent return on your asset. Other industries like the pharmaceutical, they will have a high margin, especially if they're selling some type of medication that's unique. They have an exclusive patent for 20 years. They're going to demand a high margin or like the Apple phone will have a high margin, Apple product will have a high margin. But it doesn't mean high, high is usually good, but low, it doesn't mean it's bad. It all depends on your industry. So I just want to make sure you understand that the profit margin will have to be taken into a particular context to be interpreted properly. And obviously the best way to do it is to compare yourself to another period, how well you were doing in the other period, the prior period, and try to compare yourself to a direct competitor. That's the best way to do it. You could also look at the industry, but the industry have to really understand your industry overall industry. If you like this recording, please like it and share it. In the next session, I would look at market price ratios like the market to book value, earnings yield, so on and so forth. As I mentioned earlier, I don't replace your CPA CPA course. So if you're taking a CPA course, keep it. I don't want you to replace it, but if you want additional resources for yourself, whether you're studying for your CPA exam or you're taking your accounting courses, check out my website, farhatlectures.com. Stay safe and study hard.


And Nigerian youths have been urged to register and get their permanent voter card, the PVCs, in order to participate in political affairs in the country and get the desired leadership. This call was made by some artists in the entertainment industry at an Ignite Conference 2021 to educate and create awareness against voter apathy. Jacinta Obuco was there. Many young people have been involved in movements for change. They are taking to the streets and using online social networks and communities to connect. But that's not enough without their PVCs and involvement in politics to drive the actual change. To this end, at this conference involving Nigerian creatives, entertainers and influencers, charted ways to keep the conversations going in reshaping the polity. A renowned Nigerian entrepreneur, Acteddo Peterside, advised the youths clamoring for change that without their PVCs and voting, it is just a mere wish. When young people disconnect, they disconnect from everything. They surrender their birthrights. And so people who should be in the departure lounge want to decide everything, including the plans for the future and all that. And so the same young people will tell you, some will ask to come and say, no, no, no, I have no interest in all these plans. No problem. But guess what? That old thief will go in and smuggle projects for himself using your own resources if you're not careful. I don't want to live anywhere else. I've lived there. It's not great. It's good for them, but it is cold and it's just not home. The food, the music. I mean, it's just not home. So I think it's up to us, a few of us, to build this country so that the rest can come and join us. Increasingly in Nigeria, the space of citizens' voices and their interface with the government is threatened. All of us are politicians without joining a political party. And I think it's important that we all understand our role in politics and governance. The belief that voter turnout is declining in Nigeria, especially among the youths, or the challenges we're highlighted. Whether you're for separatism, or you're for uniconstitution, or you're for restructuring, or for anything, the most important thing you have to do is to ensure that your enemy does not going to represent you. When I went out to vote for the recent local government elections, I believe maybe there were three ballot papers. Three. But when is presidential election? Oh, things are happening. Come on. Let us not be distracted. The role of creative industry cannot be over-emphasized in getting the young ones to focus on setting their priorities right. The thing with intellectuals is we talk a lot and we do not make efforts. And then we end up allowing the riffraffs to get into power and make policies that we have to follow. We're talking about changing Nigeria. Step one is young people go and get your accreditation so you can vote. The thrust here is that there is need for young people to do enough in registering, collecting their PVCs, and coming out in mass during elections. Jacinta Ubuku for PLOS TV Africa.


What is going on everybody, it's Stas here. Welcome back to another video in this new setup. You may be asking yourself, Stas, is this your channel? Am I on the right channel? Yes, you are on the right channel. This is a setup and kind of a new dynamic that I wanna start bringing to the channel in terms of making videos in front of this mic on different topics, whether it be trading topics, personal finance topics, entrepreneurship topics, investing topics, stock market, whatever it may be, I wanna start bringing a different dynamic to this channel and my goal over this summer, over these next two, three months is to invest a lot more money into this YouTube channel. I actually just bought this Blue Yeti microphone so the audio quality you guys are probably hearing right now is a huge notch up for my previous videos and I'm actually in the process right now of revamping my office upstairs so we get a new cool background, a new setup to the channel. This is the environment I'm in right now. This room is very temporary so I kind of just did this impromptu style but in a couple of months we're going to be in the new setup and you may be asking yourself, Stas, does this mean you're steering away from your traditional think or swim style videos where I'm screen sharing on the laptop and the answer to that is absolutely not. Those videos are not going anywhere. I just want to add some spice, some flavor to the channel, some different type of videos so I do hope you all enjoy this style of video and if you guys want me to talk about a particular topic feel free to comment that down below so I can start pumping some content out in this style. So you guys read in the title of today's video now that that announcement is out of the way you guys read, is YouTube passive income? Well, we're going to be talking about that in today's video as well as me giving some personal examples from my YouTube channel of videos that I actually consider passive income. So the short answer to this is no, I do not consider YouTube passive income. A lot of people out there in the YouTube community, I'm sure a lot of you guys have probably watched some of these people, they think that YouTube is passive income. Some people don't think it's passive income whatsoever and some people are in the middle which is where I'm personally at. I don't think it's completely a source of passive income because what do you have to do as a YouTube creator? You have to continuously put in your time to the channel and make videos on a regular basis for your channel to continue to grow and for you to continue to make money. And for those of you guys that know what passive income is, it's a source of income that you're not putting your time into, right? And a huge myth about passive income, let's just get that out of the way right now is that passive income is you sitting on the beach sipping tequila, sipping a margarita and then money's just coming into your bank account without you doing anything, right?  Passive income, you have to put in a ton of work up front whether it be a year, three years, five years, a decade before you start to reap the benefits, the reward of that work which is passive income. So YouTube, a lot of you guys that follow me, you know I post a video pretty much every single week, right?  So you guys can kind of see why I'm on both sides of the spectrum right here in a sense that YouTube does require some active time with me uploading videos day after day after day but it also provides a stream of income from previous videos that did well, that continue to do well, where I'm getting a nice piece of money that I'm really not doing anything for at this particular time period which is why I really love YouTube and creating videos and it's just an awesome experience guys. So all in all, you know, it's not passive income whatsoever, it's not.  So that's kind of my answer on this, my quick little four, five minute answer. Now let's hop into my computer on a screen share and let's take a look at two videos in particular that I personally think are considered passive income from my YouTube channel. We can see when I uploaded those videos and how much money I've made from those videos month after month after month and you'll see, although the money is kind of dying down month over month over month, it's still money that's coming in that I really haven't done any work for since the time that I uploaded the video which was a couple of months ago. So let's just hop right into the computer guys. All right guys, so this is one of the videos that I've made in the past that has generated me a nice amount of monthly income that I've literally done nothing for since I've uploaded this video and you guys can see, I actually uploaded this video on July 18th, 2018. That's nearly one year ago since we're in June of 2019 right now and if you guys wanna see how much I made, well, I made $33 in the month of May from this video and again, I've literally done nothing but just keep this video live on the YouTube platform. You guys can see if we do a different date here, let's say we do four slash one so we can see how much I made in April. We go to four slash one, two, four slash 31. I'm sure there's not 31 days in April. There's 30 days in April. Let's see how much money I made in April. So we can see in April, I actually had a better month with this video. I made $46.47 and this kind of goes into what I said earlier in this video. If you don't continue to feed the YouTube algorithm, if you don't continue to pump out content, your channel is going to dwindle and although I have been making content, this video is old and if a video is old, over time it does start to dwindle which again leads me back to my point of you continuously uploading videos so a new video will take over as a passive income source as others start to dwindle. So there are other videos that I've made after this that continue to feed me passive income. So this from four slash one, the whole month of April I made $46. Let's take a look and see how much did I make in the month of March. Let's see if it was more. Actually, I really don't know honestly guys, let's take a look together here. So March 31st, the month of March, I made $50. See I made more money in March. So over time guys, this video has made me, if we do one more month to kind of get a better selection of data here, this video probably has made me on average about $35 to $45 per month, probably more close to $40 per month. And let's take a look, February, it was probably a bit less since February does have only 28 days in the month. Let's say probably $40. Nope, $50. So you guys can see over the span of a couple of months, $50, $50, $30, $45, literally from not doing any work. And if we just go to the lifetime of the video here, why not, I've made $230. And again, you guys can see the revenue is slowly starting to taper off over time, making about 75 cents to like $2 per day on this video on average. So another video that's done very well for me is this Robinhood versus TD Ameritrade video that I made, pretty much just breaking down the two platforms and talking about which one's better for different people in 2019. And you guys can see last month, I saw or experienced 15,000 minutes of watch time on this video, six minutes and 26 seconds average view duration, but that obviously doesn't matter. You guys don't care about that. Let's take a look at how much money this video made me in the month of May. Let's go down $66, guys. In this video, I actually made a couple of months after that think or swim scanner video about four or five months after and this kind of took the torch of the passive income video from that think or swim scanner video because it was dwindling a little bit. Then I made this one which kind of pumped up the passive income, the true passive income from my channel up a bit and we can see $66 a month. That literally pays for my gym membership and some gas here and there, right? That's pretty good, right? For literally not doing anything over the past couple of months. So in the month of May, $66, let's take a look and see how it did in the month of April because again, I really don't know. This is a live reaction. I don't recall how much I made in the month of April from this one video and I don't even know if I checked before, honestly, guys. Let's just take a look here live April month. Let's take a look. It was $76 of passive, true passive income in the month of April from this one video. So you guys can see the power of YouTube, if you literally have one of these videos about a more broad topic that takes off, it can literally pay some of your bills for a couple of months for the life of the video but again, it dwindles over time. I doubt that this video is going to be making me money in three years, right? There's no way in my mind that I'll be making money on this video. I doubt it, right? Who knows? I'll be wrong but I don't think so, right? Because things evolve, the platforms in three years, the Robinhood TD, they're going to be different most likely, right? Let's take a look the month of March before I do end off this video. How much did I make? Three slash one slash 19, the month of March has 31 days. Okay, let's take a look. I bet you it's more than that. It's less than that, $65 here still. That's very nice. That pays for my gym membership. That pays for some gas, some groceries here and there. That's really nice, right? So the whole idea of this video, again, it's just not me flaunting anything here, guys. I'm just letting you know and giving you my perspective on how much money I've made through some videos that I personally think are passive income on my YouTube channel and my perspective on the whole topic of is YouTube considered passive income? Because again, I don't really think it's fully passive income. I think it's kind of 50-50. If you have videos like these that make you money without you doing anything after uploading them, that is passive income in my personal opinion. But the videos that I'm pumping out every single day, those are not passive income because typically those videos, they don't really get many views after a couple of days of me uploading them because the way my channel is, I make stock market videos on that particular day of the performance of the stock market and those typically don't get a lot of views after I upload them. But ones like these, the broader topic videos, they do get more views over time and I've been focusing on kind of having a mix on my channel, right? I like doing the stock market videos day to day, updating you guys what's going on. I like doing personal finance videos, of broader topics in the stock market, maybe brokerages, stocks individually, stuff like that. So I hope you guys enjoy this video and I hope you all enjoy the new quality of the sound here. I actually tested it before. It sounds a lot better in my personal opinion. This was well worth the investment. I would love to know what you guys personally think about the quality and again, my office upstairs should be done here after the summer. That's going to be a pretty awesome place to shoot videos and I'm really excited to do that. So I hope you all enjoyed this video. If you did, feel free to go down below and hit the like button. Let me know what you guys think about this, your opinion in the comment section. Subscribe to the channel if you haven't done so already. I'll catch you all in the next video. Peace out.