Thank you. Thank you all. Let's see if this works. Yes delightful to be back My first time with this tribe which at the time seemed like a tribe. I don't know if I want to belong to was in Berlin what six years ago or so and My deepest gratitude to all of you and all of those members of the tribe not here because a plan improvisation has genuinely Changed my life and not just my professional life We are going to see over the coming 15 minutes or so a taste of how What I and my colleagues have learned from the applied improvisation network has fed into our other Explorations and how we're now trying to use in particular humor as A way to harness the power of humanity and to try to accomplish things that are not easy to accomplish So a little bit of background you heard too many words in short. I'm a math geek I'm a scientist who became a humanitarian worker Unfortunately for the planet We have a lot of work things are happening too much is changing and There's situations where knowledge can become action, but it doesn't always happen any advice on that ready to go This may work So far Michael has been genius in making everything work No, let's go for the power. Thank you Exposing the nature of collaboration is something that often we are told that is bad Everything is supposed to work like a mechanism and as a presenter I am told you shouldn't be talking to the Expert who pushes buttons that I would never know how to push because I mess up. That is one of the things Foundational to what I've learned about the world and professional work with applied improvisation. This is how work happens. Thank you Michael How often do we say thank you to the person who helps us do what we do? So this is my team We're a global team based in the Netherlands, but we serve a hundred and ninety one countries we help anticipate and address Unitarian consequences of things that can go wrong with climate-related things from tomorrow hurricane to long-term sea level rise There is our charming photos there are other photos that are difficult to coexist with It may look like a normal day And in a way it is if you recognize that a new normal is very similar to what we used to call bad Now I warn you I celebrate your laughter But this is not a session where I try to make you laugh This is not a stand-up comedy routine based of jokes jokes are statements that are meant to provoke laughter if it happens Please laugh, but this is not about that. It's about how humor can help us notice what we don't often notice as a math geek, let me tell you how this Cartoon beautifully illustrates what in my opinion is the The foundational similarity between humor and humanitarian work both are about the clash between what is and what could be so in this graph It shows that change cannot happen gradually until it happens abruptly as A math geek I can anticipate H H represents how horrible can things get Once they start changing fast Now D stands for denial do we dare recognize That we fail to notice the obvious Time is coming. We can estimate how much time between now and some abrupt change coming And there's all sorts of other things are we willing to take the leap into action to help those who may be in trouble Most important question what on earth were those people thinking about why are we socially constructing risk? That causal mechanism behind everything that looks stupid But is real is what we need to confront as well as dealing with the imminent of needs now This is the original caption by Bob Landon We've got to talk Well, then guess what? Conversation is an art form that has been lost to contemporary modes of interaction the dominant of Interaction is Unidirectional you shut up and listen and there wasn't talking or I'm some presenter I'm talking and when we get people together Except for applying provisers and a handful of others. We don't know exactly how to go about we've got to talk So everyone stand up find a partner silently Stand back to back when your partner if you can in silence, please It's gonna be trouble. I promise if you don't have a partner for me for material Bump your way into shoulder to shoulder. Okay Thank you very important. No talking to your partner Because otherwise you can do things that are not to be done like agree on what to do in this game You cannot agree on what to do. Are you familiar with the game of rock paper scissors? Can you show me a rock? It's just a fist, but it represents something else show me your scissors Show me your paper good in the normal game of rock paper scissors The rock is trying to demolish the scissors is trying to cut the paper. It's a competitive game Where my only way of winning is to destroy you We're going to play a different version of the game. It's a collaborative version of the game We're not talking when I say ready set go You both turn around as agilely as you can and do one of those three gestures if you match You shout yes Otherwise you stay silent and you go back to back to back for the second rock Try to match your partner. What will he or she do ready set go I'm going to say one word is a word that you associate with both humor and the red cross No strategizing. What do you think of that can be thought about that is involving humor and the red cross It has to be only one word What are you going to say ready set go? To me When we do things like this, what do you think of when you think of humor alone?  How many of these words do you obviously associate with humanitarian work on the red cross? It doesn't work smart. Thank you very much You haven't seen all of my work But in any case, this is what we associate with humor and seems completely Overlapping with the nature of our work. Did anybody think of the word test? Someone did when I played this game with Bob Mancoff the creator of that cartoon We both went like that. I said something and he looked at me in the eye and he said death Just what think of that cartoon of the water In order to create that cartoon, which is the first one he thought of when I told him I'm working about risk I'd like to explore humor. Thank you drew by the way. Where are you? Thank you drew for the bridge and I'll talk about you later as well He draws on the possibility of death In order to create human make jokes about that as a human Italian I But There are things that humor can do outside of my right cross life I Was consulting for a team of the workman group that was going to bring together 150 people from ministries of finance ministry of planning ministry of infrastructure Entities from national governments have received billions of dollars to build dams and ports and so on the conversation was to be about government accountability Could be interpreted as code for corruption and Citizen engagement, which could be assumed to be let those losers lose How do you bring someone who is receiving your money? To have a conversation about things like corruption and so on most natural reaction on the part of a minister from my home country would be There is no corruption in my country. It wasn't me and who are you to bring that topic? Yeah So to have a conversation you to create something different what we propose with Bob Myself was to create a humor enabled conversation We curated some cartoons were printed this large Against the walls and people were invited to walk around Have a conversation if something's right there Bites there was a lot of laughter in the room because they recognize their reality That was being made fun And then they started a conversation and they annotated the cartoons and a lot of things emerged and then it was easier to have that conversation And you can see there's from deep reflection to recognition of that as a scientist communicating forecasts About tomorrow's extreme rainfall or seasonal drought or sea level rise to people who could make decisions This is how it feels It's like we are honking honking again about what should be listened to and isn't guess what if I keep honking again the same way It won't work I am positive that the emergence of humor enables Breakthroughs in understanding in dialogue in recognition of realities their blood improvisation tribe Is aware of that but as far as I can tell with a few exceptions It's not thinking of humor as a central tool to accomplish certain serious things Let me get there shortly First of all, we don't know what thinking what people are thinking when they come to some event and if you're a disaster manager chances are they're not thinking about what you think This is another cartoon by Bob Manco I see risk as oh it can go wrong Oh the floodplain you may get flooded a farmer in Zambia is thinking. Oh, yeah, the floodplain. It's fertile soil That's where my crops will grow faster and richer How can I anticipate what people are thinking about how can I converse about our differences? This my friends is a photo of one of the last 16 consecutive conferences I have attended of the UN framework convention on climate change You and climate conference two weeks from one Monday to we can the other Friday 10,000 people from 200 countries trying to Fix one of the most complex problems we're confronted Two weeks of that who would like to go? How much humor do you think there is in that room? If you think of the occasional conference as having death by PowerPoint in this context There are real Consequences to the idea of boredom Every brain that is checking email or not engaged is not finding the solution that we need You're laughing but that's exactly how it feels That's exactly how I feel when I go places to try to understand the science the policy the Governance the funding the absence of funding the everything that isn't there. I'm like This is not it There's there's a storm going on. There's a hell room I'm going to tell you a story that happened Three or four years ago I have my laptop connected internet and like Michael who was nearby and he just push some buttons I have to go to the IT desk And I went to the IT desk and two nice young men were pushing buttons to fix my computer One of them looks at their own computer says something in a language. I don't understand and they both have a nice I have no idea what was going on. I have nothing else to do. So I said would you mind sharing what is? humorous And one of them said sure. Yeah a powerpoint just started in room 17 I have no idea how they know that or why that is funny in Noticing my facial expression of confusion He elaborated well, we can see a peak in internet Many of you burst into laughter some of you took a while to understand it one face I'm seeing is still in a complete state of shock. I Have continued to have that state of shock This was the first moment. I can trace where humor was a diagnostic tool. Wait a second Why is that funny if it is appalling? We are designing events that seem to be designed Intentionally to make people tune out of the time when we bring them together Of course the word needs more applied improvisation and other forms of interaction But this to me if this is funny then humor is more complicated than we think These are two of the works of art that I think of when I think of my current work We have been creating Creations that ended up becoming monsters in part because of our lack of caring whether it's the internal combustion engine or the UN climate conference systems And it really feels like screaming When I go work with my colleague Kara Kara, can you stand up and wave Kara is a real recross person I Think I come up with ideas Kara has to help set up systems that make decisions Where to spend the money Which is also the mirror images were not to spend the money two places need money. You only can afford one So please talk to her. She needs your help So this is how our work feels in the humanitarian sector Talking about humor. I am envisioning as Humor can be useful if certain things are in place or things happen. I don't understand very well Let's try what I do not want is what is often told to people who are about to start a power point Which is start with a joke Yes This is from the color of a book by Ross Chast I Hate the guts of those who bring a Here's something funny. Let's all do something I once invited a colleague from the side of the recross that deals with conflict with our company really severely Dumb it into the soul work and I said Marsha if you'd like to come There's a workshop about humor in my turn work and she replied in email all caps No, I don't want to be asked to quack like a duck Who made her do that? Someone thought let's inject humor in a workshop for humanitarians dealing with our conflict Let's ask them to quack like a duck. I don't want that But it's hard to tell which is the line that shall not be crossed These are some of the examples of what we have been doing In my team the recross recrossing climate center always with partners. This is in the Eastern Namibia on the Zambezi river floodplain farmers We're learning about flood predictions flood forecasts and we have discussed what can you do about it You can take your children to high ground You can do certain things that protect your lab ones and your assets and then we play the game Where they actually have to do it if these were about a fire risk You have to go and run to the fire extinguisher. Guess what? That's when you notice that you don't know where the fire extinguisher is Yeah Now if you look at the body language, they're really going for it, but look at their faces. They're having a blast Neuroscience shows that when humor happens Memories that are formed Stay longer and deeper more impression. They're easier to access That matters when the next blood forecast comes You will also please be formally Those farmers who showed up who made the new neighbors After this they see each other and they smile and they remit reminisce And they're more likely to Relate to the subject marion a different way the way that creates trust and I love you Change happens at the speed of the master How can we help create trust? You need to be the opposite of trust the dominating modality of interaction That's yours truly at the white house eight years ago I was invited to give my five minute presentation in a sequence of a full day essentially Instead of what have been done before me. Hello, my name is so-and-so Organization this and that and there was this problem until I showed up with my organization and we did this and that And now people are happy because you give me your money Um What I did was I was the second presenter of her lunch Don't do don't do it, but I said hello My name is Pablo from the Red Cross and this is not a frisbee. It's a hurricane everyone. Please stand up You don't have to but I'm like, what yeah, please stand up. It's a hurricane Some people who are listening to that Kind of reluctantly then everyone did and then I threw some dice and I threw the frisbee and it hit people in the chest It was a big confusion and then they understood the rule that the dice were the forecast double one throw the hurricane over here That was six throw it over there And it was an eight and someone said it's an eight it's going over there All that sector sat down as I was throwing the frisbee which flew above their heads hits the wall of the Room in the white house and they were like, yeah, thank you And when the happiness subsided I said congratulations, and I think now think hurricane country We can help you turn science into humanitarian decisions. If you want, let's talk. Thank you The smiling helps people remember and want to and then we did stuff with support From those who could support and want to support but are bored from all these boring pitches Humor can help turn something that is strange Into something that becomes familiar Or turn something that you think is familiar like the power point situation into something strange Humor can reframe and we need a lot of reframing to recognize and do certain things This is the just what two hours from here new york metropolitan museum of art The oceania wing is spectacularly beautiful if you haven't seen it the curator maya allowed us to Enter the premises a couple hours before it open to the public And we had some colleagues from the recross humanitarian workers Some atmospheric scientists like andrew Dancers Who have created like a choreography of an early warning dance and not much of a dance person So he sneaked out and took the photo you may recognize someone from the applied improvisation team here So There So So her is a professor or was at the time at least a professional flash mob developer We had this bunch of people from very weird tribes We had a conversation this magnificent place I used a lot of the tricks I learned here at the aind conference to get people bonding relating to the embrace Or what could we what can we do about the world and its problems an idea came up A flash mob to address foreseeable risks. Whether it's a flat or a hit one. So we recruited The flash mob developer to come to the conference conference in marrakesh in morocco Where the highest recorded temperature a few years before have been 49.9 celsius 152 degrees far And so what we did they they came up working with locals A a a dancey thing that was co-developed with the moroccan regressions youth And in the conference I was giving a serious presentation And music starts sounding Like sounds like candles and it's better with the dance And then guess what the 300 people have been Somewhat not to entertain they stood up and started dancing And then the idea was liked by someone from india who said can we do it in india without zohar We had our own team developed with the indian more bollywood-esque Heatwave flash mob at the marketplace where it was done There was the head of security of the new of the deli international airport who said can you please do it with Our people And so it happened both for the public and for the workers who load your luggage on the tarmac You know how hard it gets I have no doubt that this flash mob saved lives Because now they know that they have to stay hydrated. They have to see each other They have to request a revision of their working conditions when it gets 125 degrees and so Last example for now I was one of two training nasa on how to communicate science satellite images etc to to help make decisions on disaster preparedness And andrew had this brilliant idea. He saw that the the first event was in like a local pub That and it had the aesthetics of a standard comedy club Right, so what we did was and what was going to happen here is team a from nasa comes and talks about their satellite tool Team b comes and talks about their modeling there and then everyone is somewhat bored and then nothing happens Their problem is that they have all these tools that no one is using to save lives I kind of know why some of them are too complex Some of them are not exactly useful And most of them need a process of Working with others to become embedded in systems So what we did was each team has five minutes to present their Tool their program etc Everyone else in their tables. They had to come up with two headlines Of an imaginary future where something happens involving a tool could be something good That was done because of that could be something bad that happened that could have avoided because of this tool Or could have been a Misinterpretation of the use or an intentional bad user. Guess what every large onto the bad news The headlines were hilarious And it was an easy way to communicate to their colleagues. You're missing the big picture You're not understanding how things really work. You're not noticing that someone is not going to get it To say that to your professional colleague can be difficult, but if humor is in the room It becomes much more possible So humor was not a joke. It was the creation of an atmosphere that enabled humor to emerge And laughter is the shortest distance between people and ideas, especially when things can be not right That's a sentence from the official 10 talk guidelines essentially saying when the audience laughs with you They like you they trust more of what you have to say and they take it more seriously If you want there's a dead talk I gave a couple months ago on this humor and humanitarian work So I'm going to skip this because you took too long when I gave you time punishment very unfair, but Let's do this 30 seconds of silence Or less can you think of instances in your recent or long ago life? When something was happening then humor happened Someone said something like someone fell over a banana peel. I don't know and as a result there was a change in the dynamics Think of it. Sorry. It helps me move to the next You have 15 seconds or less in silence. Either you thought of something or you didn't I'm going to catch you So these are the words that most people think of when thinking of humor But I've been spending some time with people who are professional makers of humor And I ask them what do you think of when you think of humor? And here are some of their words Conflict tension risk ambiguity confusion questioning danger contradiction, of course death ambiguity These are exactly the reasons why we humanitarians have too much work and therefore it's like oh We can use humor to show the causes and consequences of things like too much tension too much Danger too much contradiction contradiction between a federal law and state law can mean trouble You know I have the audio but for the benefit of speed because I'm sure Time is flying. Yes I often get told oh, but you cannot use humor because our work is too serious and it turns out that Mahatma Gandhi was a very intelligent tactical and strategic user of humor And so was Martin Luther King his student In an audio that I have but has his very charming You call it what bro Southern accent He says you've got to have the ability to engage in creative laughter In order to live amid difficulties and tension if you can't laugh your life, you're a very miserable human being A great deal of truth over comes through laughter Some people have developed the challenge to get this truth over to many people by laughing the truth Into them and out of them Isn't that awesome? How how can you elicit Tough realities maybe I think humor is most important he says in getting a truth getting people to understand and often to rise above the despair Which can surround them now. He was surrounded by despair He was being jailed for something as normal saying hey my pigmentation shouldn't determine whether or not I can drink water and thirst No one can tell me That his work was not serious But humor really did help and I can share Phenomenal anecdotes from him and Gandhi and many others, but I want to point to one thing here We think of people as if they were born funny But it's developing the talent to get this truth one example He was on a car with some of his peers on a way to a place to stage a protest that was most likely going to get them today He said We're late, but let's stop get a sandwich because we do not like the idea of spending the 19th reason well hungry He the wording was more humorous than what I just said But he was using humor to speak about a difficult truth If we're doing this we have to accept a possible consequence that is not over like When I last stood on a stage With the aion conference. I think it was two years ago in montreal I showed this of the places where I had already done aion things So these are places where I run activities Uganda, Kenya, Zambia, Southern Africa, Mali, Ghana Delhi, Fiji, Guatemala Since then I have some more work so Kathmandu, Singapore, Borneo, Vanuatu You name it Mali Mopti Unfortunately for the world we have too much work Please connect to Kara. Can you rise again Kara and show who you are? She can help she is here not working in Geneva for the Red Cross So Four days or something that she could be doing things like allocating money for people who are hungry She's here. She better get something good out of this Okay And you can help us Imagine how we can bring because you're talking of this conference as beyond borders But with a few exceptions some I recognize and some not there's a vast majority of european north america here And the world that needs you is predominantly elsewhere So if this is the word conference, let's bring the world to the aion It doesn't not doesn't have to be that you go to Kathmandu after the earthquake But it can be that you help others That was my tough one From the scholarships to our dear colleague Eddie Jajamba from Kambala was going to come If only he could find a way to pay for his plane ticket all other expenses paid by you and he couldn't get that So I really lamented because he's so awesome. I know you will meet him one day. He has to come to one's future But thanks for trying we need to try Moving on Thank you Melina Uh I went through her sustainable stand-up comedy training in singapore And one thing really liked about her the mindset she put together stand-up comedy is assumed to be making fun of Those from another political flavor from another ethnic group from another something or other or making fun of some I'm so told that this guy doesn't fit in economy class. I don't like flight But I have to And the people made and it's sad because they're laughing about my suffering which is a lot of stand-up comedy Yeah What she says is love yourself. Love your neighbors Find the system How can we shed light on things about what is around us that shouldn't be that way? And you assume or to say well some things they are should be there. Let's check Now I'm going to get geeky Some of you attended the data session today. Thanks for trying to bring analytical river To this tribe. We need more of that. Please bear with me. I promise you it's good Let me make sure I don't trespass on the timing Oh, we're so far So I worked with teams at amit media lab. I was walking around There was a big screen on the fourth floor, which I couldn't see what it was showing as I get closer It shows the place where I am including me and jano. Just greetings from jano for those of you who know her and then My face changed into an emoticon And as I saw that I frowned and the emoticon frowned Which made me laugh and the emoticon laughed Turns out this team the effective computing team has developed a tool that can read your facial expression I just go up surprise.  Very calculable if you think of the things computers can do if it sees you it can notice certain things I was going to have to give a talk about climate problems including geoengineering. Has anyone heard about geoengineering? Okay, I have bad news for you. The climate is changing so fast That there is the proposal to intentionally modify the global climate By blocking sunlight with software partners Okay, this is a reality now. I'm going to explain what's going on here I'll I'll repeat it But yes, thanks for your curiosity. So Five days of global red cross youth convening in northern Italy Last day after lunch. I get given one hour Guess what? The girl from Uruguay and the kid from Tajikistan are more interested in each other than they're listening to the old dude talking about So how can I try to get them to listen because this should matter to them? They're young humanitarians who will experience a complicated future This is an actual shot from my session. This is what I knew was going to be the default Yeah, some are completely destructive. Some are looking elsewhere And you don't see the ones that are asleep. I didn't there. I was over here by the way None of them is looking at me But what I needed was for them to be looking at me and noticing what I was about to say So with their consent And with the MIT offshore the tera machine learning analysis official expressions. We talked about I'm going to get to you now Solar radiation management. Can we manage how much sunlight comes to us? Can we block some? There's something I wanted to tell them and I knew it was going to be hard. So I said, how can I can I try to use humor? And I reach out to Drew Tarvin who is a professional humor that works who explains to people how humor can help them Whether your IDM or FBI, he can help you So he kindly offered to help me without charging me what he charges those are And he said I predict Sorry, he suggested that I use Mary Poppins. I'll explain why very shortly But I said to dear drew dear drew. Thanks for your service, but I think it's not good because a Global event many people from Tajikistan may not know who Mary Poppins was youth. This was before the remake And third and most importantly, I don't like great poppins And he said well, you do as you want, but I predict that if you use Mary Poppins people will get it People will be engaged people will get the point. You're trying to come What better way to lure a geek into doing that than to make a prediction that is testable I formulated it. I thought this is I got the gear. I got the consent and all that stuff and This was the first that I know geoengineering session That was designed with humor in mind and it was tested The machine reads facials And recognizes that a face or not and if it's a face it can measure lots of things including are you engaged or not? Are you with it or not? That's the red light Not much engagement going on there Surprised do eyebrows go up? And joy is there, you know, all those metrics of the lips and so on that is laughing and so on So this is what I'm going to see I'm going to show you the moment that matters This is where the kids were when Pablo was saying there are people who are Posing and it is very obviously true.  Here's Drew's magic at work.  They're engaged and they're surprised or confused It's like having a giant Mary Poppins in the sky Because what I have explained was to block sunlight with So instead of one giant, I'm sorry, I'm messing up in time When I said giant umbrella in the sky they're surprised or they say Mary Poppins in the sky surprise goes down Joy goes off the ship They're having a blast Yeah engagement goes up blue, which is joy.  It's now being funded and it can get done in your lifetime and in your name When I said that the engagement stayed high, but the joy went down So I had them they were like holy smokes But look at how the joy Came back because there was an atmosphere of engagement and Sarah and one of the kids from former Yugoslavia made the remarks that I couldn't understand And he said it again and I still couldn't understand so you see engagement going down and then we got it Oh, sorry, I wasn't showing you the photos. So that's when he was uh, when I was saying our geoengineering That's when I said Imagine giant umbrella That's Mary Poppins Yeah Kid from Guatemala listening to delivery regulation of the global climate Now the kid who was saying something he was saying about the sulfuric acid droplets It's like having nano umbrellas He made a joke That's the most obvious crystallization of understanding. Yeah So I am now over convinced That yes, you work and help me accomplish the serious things I have to accomplish That we have data to back it up and it's a good idea to work with drew melina Bob Johar and all these other No That has not changed, but it's okay. I'm still willing to work with people. I don't Uh, so we need a survey Uh, in short, was there too much humor or too little humor? And most people said there was exactly the right amount of humor And then we asked was there more than usual less than usual about as much as you know, they said much more than usual The logical conclusion is that more humor than usual is exactly the right amount of humor Half geeks of the world unite So fun is fun Fun can help us get serious work done And this is I think my last slide so I should be on time. I am a time checker Why does humor work? Let's first think about why the usual things don't work. Why were those people so bored in that conference photo? Because we're giving answers and no one has that question humor usually works A pitch like a plan improvisation by creating an instance that is puzzling or confusing Huh What giant umbrella in the sky? You need to create an anomaly. You need to create all the words in that word cloud tension confusion puzzlement incongruity ambiguity And then some input is provided either by use for a job or preferably by a dynamic that you enable to emerge from the group That leads them to ha ha ha to experience A release of that confusion is something that works that is entertaining that is humorous and if it is well designed Aha, I get it. I have to stop honking again Yeah, the cliff of the waterfall is getting too close We've got to talk whatever the thing may be. We need to get to that. So my invitation to you Is how can we work together? We are full of problems.  Most of your work It's telling me I have to stop it 30 seconds perfect Most of your work is for clients who already have you to do trainings, etc Not much of your work is about having difficult conversations And a lot of the humanitarian work we confront needs to address difficult conversations. You can help us. We can help you Thank you so much


Both pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes is caused by insulin resistance, which is now accepted to be closely associated with the accumulation of fat within our muscle cells. This fat toxicity inside our muscles is a major factor in the cause of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes, as it interferes with the action of insulin.  It's the type of fat found predominantly in animal fats relative to plant fats that appears to be especially deleterious with respect to fat-induced insulin insensitivity. But this insulin resistance in our muscles starts years before diabetes is diagnosed. This is a graph of fasting blood sugars in the 13 years prior to the onset of diabetes. Insulin resistance starts over a decade before diabetes is actually diagnosed, as blood sugar levels slowly start creeping up. And then, all of a sudden, the pancreas conks out and blood sugars skyrocket. What could underlie this relatively rapid failure of insulin secretion? At first, the pancreas pumps out more and more insulin, trying to overcome the fat-induced insulin resistance in our muscles, and high insulin levels can lead to the accumulation of fat in our liver, called fatty liver disease. Before diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, there's a long, silent scream from the liver. As fat builds up in our liver, it becomes resistant to insulin, too. Normally the liver is constantly producing blood sugar to keep our brain alive between meals. As soon as we eat breakfast, though, the insulin released to deal with a meal normally turns off liver glucose production, which makes sense since we don't need it anymore. When it's filled with fat, the liver becomes insulin-resistant like our muscles, and so doesn't respond to the breakfast signal, and so keeps pumping out blood sugar all day long on top of whatever we eat. So the pancreas pumps out even more insulin to deal with the high sugars, and our liver gets fatter and fatter. That's one of the two twin-vicious cycles of diabetes. Fatty muscles, in the context of too many calories, leads to a fatty liver, which leads to an even fattier liver. This is all still before we have diabetes, but then the next vicious cycle starts. Fatty liver can be deadly, so the liver starts trying to offload the fat by dumping it back into the bloodstream in the form of something called VLDL, and that starts building up in the cells of the pancreas that produce insulin in the first place. So now we know how diabetes develops. Fatty muscles leads to a fatty liver, which leads to a fatty pancreas. It is now clear that type 2 diabetes is a condition of excess fat inside our organs. The only thing that was keeping us from diabetes, from unchecked skyrocketing blood sugars, is that pancreas was working overtime, pumping out extra insulin to overcome insulin resistance.  And we're left with the worst of both worlds, insulin resistance combined with a failing pancreas. Unable to then overcome the resistance, blood sugar levels go up and up, and we have type 2 diabetes. This has implications for cancer as well. Obesity leads to insulin resistance, and our blood sugars start to go up. So our pancreas starts pumping out more insulin to try to force more sugar into our muscles, and eventually the fat spills over into the pancreas as well, killing off the insulin-producing cells, and we've got diabetes. In which case we may have to start injecting insulin at high levels to overcome the insulin resistance, and these high insulin levels promote cancer.   So now it should make sense, where the American Diabetes Association also recommends reduced intake of dietary fat as a strategy for reducing the risk of developing diabetes.


In the first part of this module, we learned about the chemical and physical properties of the minerals, the blue minerals in lapis lazuli, both the Lazarite and the Helena, and the conditions under which these minerals form and are found in nature. What you should have learned is that unlike the ochres, which are very commonly formed at surface conditions on the earth and thus abundant and easily accessible, the metamorphic rock lapis lazuli is very rare, very uncommon, formed at high pressure and temperature conditions in the interior of the earth and then needs to be exposed by erosion back at the earth's surface. So this is the primary reason or one of the primary reasons why, in comparison to the relatively inexpensive and abundant ochres we learned about in module one, the ultramarine pigments we're going to be looking at in module two are much more rare and expensive. Maureen was mentioning that lapis tends to be quite rare and this wonderful blue color that you see here, which can be much more intense in some of the stones. I don't happen to own ones that are super impressive, but we can bring you the picture of one. This beautiful blue color, as you might imagine, had some symbolic associations with it. So blue is often times related to the heavens, to the sea, to other realms. In the ancient Near East it was associated with protection. It appears to have also been associated sometimes with eroticism and with love. And in painting, starting in the Middle Ages, possibly because there was a legend about a mantle belonging to the Virgin Mary that was blue, it was associated with the Virgin Mary and used to portray her clothing in particular paintings. Since it was such an expensive pigment, it was highly regulated and we have many painting contracts that stipulate by weight and also by grade exactly what type of ultramarine, which is this lapis lazuli-based pigment, could be used by weight and also by its quality. And to give you an idea of two different types of quality here, I have very pure lapis in this smaller vial. It's quite expensive. And then what I have in this much larger vial is what is considered to be ultramarine ash. This is sort of what's left over once you've purified most of your lapis into ultramarine pigment. So we'll be discussing techniques. You'll be watching a video that shows all of the steps for processing the stone into pigment. And we'll look at a selection of works, both three-dimensional and also two-dimensional works with painting them. The last thing I want to show you before we go on is this is some encaustic paint using lapis. And you might be able to see in my glass container here that it is somewhat translucent. And that's one of the qualities of this ultramarine pigment that makes it very desirable. You can put it in a thin coat on top of something else, for example, gold leaf, and see the sparkle of that gold leaf through the layer of paint.


o often bet facts leave there it is. Okay. Thank you They again do have the heck a toast keyword on their own They They can they're armed with their little halberd and their shield So they can benefit from the shield spell that we mentioned earlier, right? Which is the the five up mortal wound thing and They do have so their abilities deadly combination if the unmodified hit roll for an attack made with a natto right battle shield is six That attack inflicts one mortal wound on the target in addition to in addition to any normal damage, which is cool Soulbound protectors roll a dice before you allocate a wound or mortal wounds to a friendly bone reaper hero Well, it's within three inches of any friendly units with this ability on a two-plus You must allocate that wound or mortal wound to a friendly unit with this ability That is within three inches of that Hero instead of allocating it to a hero and their command ability that they can activate with their their RDP is You can use this a command ability in your combat phase after a friendly Immortus guard unit has fought in that phase for the first time if you do so if that unit is within three inches of an enemy unit It can make a pilot move and then attack with its natto right battle shields Yes, indeed as I was reading that if that was the first time you heard it You got real excited, didn't you? Yeah And then you heard it was just the the worst part of the attack So the profile is the dread halberd is a two inch range two attacks three threes neg two two damage And the battle shield is a one inch range two attacks four threes no rend one damage All right, and what you're paying for all of that raw power that they have So the 200 always 200 Yeah, exactly the Immortus guard are 200 points for three of them with a max size of 12 The necropolis stalkers the other ones were about to talk about how much are they? 200 yeah, that's right cuz it's 200. This is like a worst episode of prices right That this This becomes really easy in list building Because you can build like a core list and then just sub in and out the things that you like of of the like ancillary the non-battle line pieces Yeah Yeah, it's crawler harvester and mortis guard and stalker which are already competing kind of for those Right last spots in your army. They're already at odds with each other and they're all the same right Okay, so Let's let's just talk these guys through I find to their like offensive profile to be Not great black luster black luster yes Do we like these guys at all I've seen a couple lists that have these dudes in there They are good for soaking wounds off your heroes like that's that's true Like you must allocate to them, but it's on a 2-plus like they will definitely extend the lifespan of your heroes, right? Yeah, I don't know what here Regen Right because they're at the four wound thing. So all the three wound restore dudes don't bring them back I don't know who they're guarding. I agree with Tom. I Mean they're guarding the gosh, but you can't really afford him with the gosh.  Oh Okay, I mean They're all like three up and two up minus one to hit well Yeah, I'll say this they're they're they're two up against shooting So you're looking at some of the other weaknesses of the army is the more tech guard not getting re-rolls And shooting, but they're just straight across the board in Petrofex will be a two-up save I saw in a game. We had a local tournament this weekend and I saw a gentleman played a block of six of these Uh frost giant on stone horn and a unit of warm the morn fang Riders garged into a unit of six mortis guard Did three wounds total? Mortis guard then killed three of the morn fang in the following term to kill the frost lord on stone horn So they in the reason why is because when you give them an extra attack it attacks both profiles Sure and then and then they had the shrieker nearby plus one to hit and Then he did the command ability to pile in and swing again with the shields, which was second pile in and Then you throw plus one rend on it So it's negative three rend for the regular spears and negative one rend on the shields for double pylons It's a lot of points to sink into them, but I Will say I've seen more lists with these dudes in it than with necropolis stalkers in it Right. Yeah Like I think these guys have some gas in the engine where they could be played in some lists Like protecting catacross or protecting some small casters or just you know, like you said There's it's not that they it's not that they can't benefit from the buffs. They they can right So like I'm not sure that I'm not sure they don't have some gas I think it'd be a very particular build, but I think there could be some some gas there The stalkers are like the offensive one and to me they just don't put out the power per square inch like the issue with the necropolis stalkers is I Can just get more hitting power out of a bunch of more tech guard that have been juiced Yeah, I think I Hear you say that I like them because they have a smaller footprint like That because you don't you don't need a lot of them you just need three to put out like a Solid amount of damage Yes, yes, so like I like them because of their power per square inch as opposed to having to rely on huge blocks of more tech guard To do the same type of like reliable damage that said I just struggle with all of you Like and by the way, they're on a base four up safe So even in petrified they're only going to three up. They don't have shields or anything They can't benefit from that the spell to get the order when protection. They're a pretty purely offensive piece, right? Yep, yep Well, you can choose and combat their combat profile of the shieldy face spins around many faces style Yeah, sure where they can reroll their saves reroll save and in if you're strategic You can use that to your benefit now if you're the one that's instigating habit You're always doing minus one random minus one damage. You're just deleting whatever They're fought there's six inch move which is slightly better But their their command ability is kind of interesting and they can roll charges with their command ability And they ignore the terrain when they make their their move the charge move No, that's That puts them in a similar boat to the more gas to me and they just think better at that similar role Yep, but yeah, if you're rolling 18 attacks at Tuesday hit threes to wound three rend to damage Good luck. That's just three models at 200 points. That's Yeah, I mean here's the here's the challenge that I look at with these dudes with the necropolis augers Who seem to be a quite offensive piece, right? Like that's that's their role. They're meant to be a hammer, okay? so Three of these guys and their offensive capability all in Versus five death writers and their offensive capability all in Understanding that the five death writers are putting 15 wounds on the table for 20 points cheaper right and Like, you know attack wise obviously is the same I'm saying like like to like the rest of the way, right, right? Right as far as any kind of buffs we would figure in You know now given You know as as mentioned these dudes do have hack a toast on their own They don't but I mean as opposed to needing the champion in there or whatever like the the other guys have but Okay, I Feel like the writers are my pick I Like I don't disagree with you. Let me be be very clear Like I think I would normally choose the writers as well But I can see a world where like if I have the extra points Like so that the points difference doesn't actually matter I might put these guys down instead of the writers like if I don't need battle line and I And I didn't the points don't matter the points gap I think I might I would consider these as as a piece on the table Especially if one of my battle line units is already writers Does that make sense? Like to have another tool in the toolbox of how this how this goes down Yeah, and I mean Jordan the comments makes good point choices like they don't require the RDP for their max potential I mean, okay fair But like does that matter, you know, like I there was I've seen some games where people are generating like eight RDP a turn pretty reliably Am I really that concerned about the fact that I need, you know a little bit of RDP to turn the death writers up? Like I think I've got it to spare here you know and The writers just have such a first of all their five bodies as opposed to three. It's not the biggest difference in the world but it's a difference there are more wounds and They Can you know mortal wound off on the charge and pile in super far like the power Projection of the writers is why I really like them right right that mobility is so Important yeah between that if you have like the death writer battalion where they are not death writer Sorry, that's the night. I don't think but you know, I mean the the yep If you've got the the writer battalion where they can be retreating and charging It's just like there's so much power projection and mobility in that unit and in the end mobility wins games in AOS Like That's just mobility is king Yep, so I would that's that's the problem to me is when I look at these guys They're competing with a similar hammer spot the other option hits basically as hard assuming similar buff situations and Is well, I don't know On the numbers is that true?  He's just dead Right, I mean you've got a more tech crawler that just happened to kill like some ten wound model within three inches of it, right, right Or sorry, not a crawler a um Harvester all these names these silly silly names So, you know, I for me it's just like I I really like the calf I just think they're I I like First of all, I've always liked cavalry Why I'm just like I'm I understand I have a I have an open bias to calf I will admit that it was what made me get a Bretonian army It's why I have a ton of chaos nights like big heavy hard-hitting awesome calf are like right in my wheelhouse and Like I was I was literally just when I played my like piggies this last weekend My Gorg runches my eye jars army like I picked one up that died and I was like this thing feels so solid He's so he's so thick. He's a thick boy and those dudes just did nothing but great for me. And so, you know Like it just these guys seem like really really strong cap Also, though the as I stated the best-looking models in the army So I'm way predisposed to death writers. So there you go. No, and I like don't get me wrong I love death writers. I actually like I like them a lot I've tried so hard to keep fitting them in lists and it's really hard Sure to get them in the list that I've been building Let's do a little hero Let's do a little lightning round on the heroes because we've got kind of like four ish heroes that are all kind of in this the the like Wizard II. I am a walking around dude spot, right? Okay Yep. All right, so we're gonna start at the bottom of the barrel in my opinion Okay, let's start with the low tan of the army So right, so let's start with Valk Valk Valk Morton Valk Valk Morton the dude from the the box the box The guy who's carrying around his coffin on his back, right? GGW learned the very first My very the very first Like actual image of this army we saw when they spoiled the remember the initial animation Yeah, yeah, this was like the guy they showed The first time he was like out there standing with his little with his little thing, but anyways 180 points 180 For a six wound five inch move five up save double caster Now he does have baby hand of dust Okay, his baby hands. Yes, baby. Yes. He has a baby hand of dust mortal touch. It doesn't even sound that scary But it is Just boops you on the nose Yeah, exactly little boop. He's got he's got the mortal boop So mortal boop has a casting value. Uh, uh, has a casting value of eight Eight He's got no plus to cast Yep If successfully cast pick one enemy model Within one inch of the caster Close it's very close That is visible to them, which I do want to see that I understand I appreciate the inclusion of the word visible But I do want to see the time when that's I guess that does matter Uh for the skaven Eshin hero who has the artifact that they can just go invisible and you can't you can't draw you You can't actually say you have line of sight to them. So he could actually Not get hit by that No, the uh the The fire slider wall. You can be adjacent. It doesn't want visibility. Yeah, there you go. Yeah another good example All right, but yes at any rate funny Uh on a five plus that model of slain the range of this spell cannot be modified Okay F a q stated you can still throw it through umbral spell portal, right?  I think we can all agree. He's the low tan of this army Yes, okay. That's why I called him low tan because he is he is the low tan of this book Yeah Yeah, I don't know that I would ever run him. He's also by the way a morris fortorian and a unique character So only if you're gonna use the feast of balance, uh Yeah, battalion because it requires him, but I think that just makes it like not worth it just because it's right It's just it's just oh so oh, so that's my tax in this one got it. Okay All right, so instead let's talk about uh, potentially a caster that I think we could see in some lists certainly Which is the uh mortis and soul mason So this is mr. Uh, mr.  Walkie legs, you know Yep, uh This the slon reborn. Yeah the slon reborn exactly six wound five inch move five up save Uh 140 point model You just like to swing from the worst to the best, don't you? Yeah, like it's an interesting comparison I like these two because they're both the double casters Right, and so it's just it it's a good basis of comparison Yeah, uh, so he's 140 points His attacks are exactly what you would expect a dumb caster's attacks to be in other words not worth talking about But he is a double caster Um, his spell is called soul guide casting value of six if successfully cast you get to pick one bone raver's unit Holy within 24 inches is visible to them Uh, you can re-roll hit rolls of one for attacks made by that unit until your next hero phase All right I I don't hate that Six seems fair. I like me a re-roll ones Okay, yeah Cool Go on. Yeah seems good. And as I said he he is a double caster so he can do that and And then he also has this thing called more tech throne at the end of your hero phase You will die for this model on a one nothing happens on a two to five This model can attempt to cast soul guide even if the casting attempt has already been made for that spell in the same phase On a six this model can attempt to cast soul guide d three more times Everybody gets re-roll ones. Uh, so I mean he's just he's effectively a triple caster Of of a sort right? He's like a two and a half caster. I guess For 140 points for 140 points. Um, I see a lot of lists that run two of these guys.  Yeah He's a cute dude Soul Mason gets the thumbs up for me absolutely Uh, now we're gonna talk about my I think saddest thing I read in this tome I'm just gonna go in in this order because it's it's interesting to me Which is the the mortison soul reaper Oh, yeah Uh, and this guy the soul reaper Is 120 points John would you like to would you like to take us to the soul reaper? Oh, sure. I'll have this be the second time I've read this because after one I was enough for me Um I let me preface this by saying this is like one of the coolest models Yep, I love it. He looks so Hoss, right? Yeah, okay, and it's good that he looks good Because that's all he's gonna be doing. He'll look good on that shelf Yeah, all right. It'd be great, uh Painting contest entry. Yeah Yeah, that's a good point. Oh, yeah, totally. He would be a good. He's very open too He's got a great pose for a painting contest model, right? I love that head He's probably got the coolest head in the entire army if I can say that Um, all right So he's got a he's got a number of night haunting things going so he's got the night haunting site So he gets a re-roll attacks Attack rolls for the unit that's five or more if he's targeting them So he's a green grass reaper there And he's got a deathly touch if he naturally rolls a six with an attack roll Does two mortal wounds and the attack sequence ends Fortunately, he's rolling three attacks three's and three's negative one runs two damage So he's not killing anything anyway, right five wound model. He's a single caster His spell is soul blast casting value of seven if successfully cast you can either roll one dice For each enemy unit within three inches of the caster or one dice for one enemy unit within 18 inches of the caster That is visible to them on a one nothing happens on a two to three They suffer one mortal wound on a four off. They suffer d3 mortal wounds So more often than not it's a more expensive Arcane bolt. Yeah it's like The fungoid shaman Just does like all units within a d6 inches a d3 mortals Like he's just better he does what this guy's doing better I get it that he's 120 points, but the guy above him is 130 points and is 10 times better Right.  I agree.  So let's talk about that Morrison bone shaper Five inch move five wounds four up save Okay, four up save nice three up in petrified. Got it Right on right on his attacks are again utterly terrible and that's fine because he's just a dude who's like Punching you basically he has no actual weapons However, he has a bone shaper. He can shape bones. He's good with he's good with bones and You can pick one friendly bone reapers unit within six inches of him And you can either heal up to three wounds or restore models of up to three wounds blah blah blah So he has that ability like we like we talked about earlier Important detail there Important detail there. It's not the it's the only unit in the army that can heal Not holy within it's just within six So he's really good with just hanging with the big blob of 40 guard Uh, he has also a wizard His spell is called shard storm casting value of five If successfully cast pick one enemy unit and roll one die for each model from that unit That is within 18 inches of the cast are invisible to them for each six that unit suffers one more wound So a minor horde softener I think I think we call them like six up is horde softener Five up is a horde killer or horde cleaner and four up is horde killer. There you go Sounds like sounds right. Um, he actually has a really nice item too.  So he's so he's dj callid Uh, yeah, just another one. He can just do that Yes, like on a four up his heal. He can do a second unit Uh for three healing or the same unit for a total of six Which see I like I like his under art He's got another artifact where in your hero phase you pick a unit and their six up deathless save goes to a five up Yeah, that's yeah, that's pretty nasty too Yep, which is good. Which is good. Especially for that horde Like I just like these guys like I like all of what they're doing. Yeah, I agree Like they have good, uh, they have good, uh, magic item choices We we didn't mention on the soul mason when we talked about him um But uh, he has a real interesting item as well the the The actual soul mason dude um Which is the add to to your your casting rolls Right. Yeah. Yeah, but if you roll a 10 it shuts off like if you so And that won't walk like you didn't need this right Uh, but nonetheless, that's kind of an interesting, uh mechanic on there like All right, I'm not sure I totally hate it. I'm not sure I'd blow a magic item on it to be completely honest I don't know that world where I live in but, uh, it is an unmodified 10 by the way So it's not counting that plus two. Yeah Yeah, then that's a pretty big Pretty big difference. I think in a world where you're not running archon And you're not running, uh, catechrose You need to get that shrieker out And this guy gets that shrieker out and this mitigates a minus one to cast From him to the shrieker being out speaking of John, why don't you tell us about the shrieker because let's let's talk about some endless spells, man There are three endless spells obviously, uh, all right the little the little quintessin head the Uh Your your ghastly looking dude and your bird the carrion bird. So yeah talks through it, man So first we'll just talk about soul link real quick So all these three spells are predatory, but they're soul link meaning The person that casts them always controls them. So your opponent never gets to move your stuff It's all your toys all the time. Take your father go home if you want Um, the downside of that is the caster that is soul linked to the spell is negative one to cast on these spells As long as that predatory spell is still out. So that's the rule for all three of these So I think the caster slain Then the the spell automatically goes away bell goes away. Um, I think it's a pretty rad rule Although weren't we trying to deal with the problem of double turning by adding this mechanic and now you're just anywhere I want to hot take that after you're done, but I want you to read the shrieker first All right, so just from a basic level with the shrieker does You know it set it up within 12 of the caster. It does not move the first turn um units within Within 12 inches enemy units within 12 inches of this model are negative on bravery And add a plus one to hit rolls against enemy units that are within 12 inches of this model Not wholly within just touch with the bone tip Yep, yeah, so plus one to hit basically against most of their army. Yeah And the bone ties shrieker so for that plus one to hit that you're throughout there And it's gonna make this little 12 inch bubble of plus one to hit you're paying a mighty 30 points whopping 30 points Yeah, I I think they did this right they if if they put these spells at this cost in like legions in the gash It is ridiculous or in zinch or in You know A bunch of other armies seraphon It's ridiculous, but because this army's so point starved I agree with the point cost of these so Well, but I've never actually had a problem fitting any of these in any list Because like I always had points Yeah, after 200 200 200 200 you always have 50 left at the end. So you just sure I I will say most lists I've seen have some of these in the spells in there and I don't think it's like Maybe they're good. Maybe they're not but it's also just like well. I got to spend it on something Yeah I don't have enough for a battalion right or another 20 marauders and it's like I'm buying a command point Right, exactly. Yeah, they're not buying a cp Uh, yeah, right on. I mean I I agree. I think the that shrieker is really good I mean just the ability to throw out this bubble plus one to hit is Solid like super solid Uh, let me talk. Let me let me hot take soul link for you This is a rule that should have been that should have been control a deleted in the design phase This doesn't need to exist Because the fact that this exists is just reverse impunes every other Uh, every other army that got endless spells and like a bunch of them have predatory things Okay, so like immediately what comes to mind is the the scaven's bell of doom Yeah, that little bell they can throw out there That does cool stuff and it can like crack and explode and do damage and it makes the the scaven around them immune to battle shock, right? But it's like a predatory thing Why why is that one predatory and like it was the worst one to be predatory and nobody ever plays it Okay, fine Uh, I don't care that it's bad Like I I read it and I was like, ah, it's a neat model for conversions as per whatever You know, I mean like that book had stupid rat trap and I wish that was I wish that was unmade as well Um, but this just like you look back now at all the other army specific endless spells and you're like, oh, what Why why do we suddenly what about this army? Like yeah, I get it. They have some soul named stuff Plenty of armies have have played in the soul space It's kind of a thing that we're doing now, right? Souls are just like currency. It's like playing Yeah, well, I mean it's truly becoming planescape because you remember tom that in planescape like in the lower planes the the you know, if you're in like bait or or uh, or Uh Thank you, uh, you know, if you're if you're in the these like lower planes Souls are your currency that demons and devils will trade for right like they don't want money. They want souls So like cool. We're just we're full on planescape now got it. Um This rule just didn't need to exist like it adds a bunch of extra weight to these that just doesn't need to be there Like they just either make a predatory and balance them out at that cost or don't And just let me do a thing This was designed space that was being explored. That's exactly what this is and like It's fine. Like they wanted to you know, whoever wrote this book wanted to explore that design space Of like, what does this look like because there's a lot of things in this army that are like that Like here's a question Why did we create a new command point system? Sure because it's well because it's in here Here's what I'll argue with that. I like the rdp system. I do Because it feels like this highly organized militaristic It's it's war master's system, by the way Okay, I mean in simplest form like this is how war master used to work where you had a bunch of points You can give your units individual commands and you know, they can hold or advance and all this kind of different stuff They could do and like get it cool Right on you know, like in a highly regimented militaristic phalanxy force That is like just trained and trained and trained This is sort of a good way to represent that. I like the versatility of that They explored this design space in a way that grokked for me with the army Okay, because the other option would have been give them 50,000 command points And that's clearly just not a good way to go. They made the right choice you know But like this This didn't need to be here. This isn't a major part of the army This isn't part of their overall like rdp is a defining mechanic You can read rdp and understand the nature of the army Right like it tells you something about it. This is just some endless spells This is an intrinsic to their nature or to like their identity. This is just rule weight that doesn't need to exist I mean maybe Like It's just whatever it's fine. Like i'm not i'm not gonna like go to the mattresses over this Like I don't care that much It's just it's just a thing that doesn't need to be there These just could have been endless spells and life could have moved on Right instead. We had to write a bunch of new rules that now is more stuff People have to keep in mind when they're playing against this army. It's more complexity that your opponent will not understand Right Yes, I mean what I'll say is this is that I think that in a very real way They were wanting to explore an alternate design Friendless spells and this seemed like as good of an army to explore that concept as anything else Now did it can I push because I would argue that whoever like Zeke would have been the army to start playing around with that crap with Uh, no, no, no, no, I'm gonna push back and say no, there's even a better place that we should have explored this Okay Forbidden power Sure, sure absolutely like the option where you can choose to do some special things These are soul bound endless spells. Yeah, yeah, yeah And so they take they you know, like this is forbidden power. They take the normal rules and change them Yeah, we should have explored that in forbidden power Yep Complexity your opponent doesn't understand is the allegiance ability I mean you're not wrong So some people I would say there go ahead go ahead john Okay It's just gonna say the old I would say the only counter to Exploring this in forbidden powers and you open its all armies and it's a new space And you're kind of unlocking pandora's box on something you're just fiddling with A fair pushback, but you could also just say we're not using forbidden power like people like in general people will often Can those kinds of rules, you know what I mean, so especially like add on boxes like this where like they introduce new Allegiances like the legion of grief and the city of lefas. Let's not forget. There is another city army Sure, sure sure not not exactly the same, but yes All right, uh, some people were repping for the soul stealer carrion in the uh in the uh in the comments And I want to talk about this guy because I like this bird. First of all, it's a cool model I like me a carrion I'm glad the carrion model finally got updated. Sure. Secondly. He's teased 20 points Okay, so cool cheap. I like I like me cheap endless bells So what this bird does is he's so linked same as as uh, kind of always, right? Yep Casting value of six If successfully cast You can set up the soul stealer carrion where? Anywhere on the battlefield that is visible to the caster I was gonna say I was gonna say 200 points. Sorry It's my stare plus one armor save and petrificially got it. Okay uh So So in other words, it's you it has quite a range Yeah, uh Second sight is one of its abilities anything visible to this model is also visible to the caster That is soul link to this model Okay cool enough, I guess And then sure like I don't know how often that will super duper matter, but like okay great That's not why you take him sure Uh soul thief at the end of each phase Phase phase Continue phase Phase Roll a dice if any chaos destruction or order models were slain within six inches just uh of this model during that phase So obviously you can't get the credit for your own dudes, but for anybody else that dies within six During that phase on a one phase phase. Yes on a one to two heal one wound allocated to the caster soul link to this model Okay, fine On a three to four inflict one mortal wound on each chaos destruction or order unit within six inches of this model On each each. Yeah. Yeah phase. Yeah Each unit within six inches Yeah, yeah, it's pretty good And uh on a five to six you do both of these things Um, you're not rolling a dice per slain thing just to really make sure we're Clarifying, right? It's no, that's fine. Yeah. Yeah, it's just you roll add die And then one of these three things happens depending on your role And there you go And uh by the way Battle shock counts as slain models Like if you read the rules verbatim They count as slain models. So if you battle shock off this this can trip in the battle shock phase Neat So that's a phase That's phase. It is a phase. Yes indeed Uh So Yeah Bird's pretty good 20 points 20 points 20 20 big ones 20 smackaroos Lay them down for the possibility of 10 mortal wounds return to all units within six inches Yeah, sure Uh, and yes as somebody pointed out. Yes your own marauders can trigger this and then get and then get whacked by it That's what they deserve stupid marauders Okay, however, you could just remove one of your marauders if it was on the edge of it And the bird was near other like their units and you can like start if your own marauders start dying It will still whack all the units Right So like Yes, you'll lose a marauder, but you're also going to keep pulsing out damage to all their units as well All right, so final things I want to talk about here gentlemen as we're winding down because we've covered most of the stuff I wasn't really going to cover archon or negash. I mean, they're basically the same as they were. They had slight changes Uh, to put them into this thing And the gosh is really good in this force because it should be mentioned that they gain the entire spell list Sure when they're in this force. Yes, they their their rules change slightly Uh in that they don't know all the death spells anymore instead. They know the uh All the all the obr spells so cool And as the side Yeah, like negash with those rules in Night haunt fixes night haunt makes night haunt competitive, but but that's not happening Uh, I mean it might sure someday if I say it enough Sure, you just hoping for it to be true Well, well, technically time, uh night haunt already has petrofex elite, but they just can't get any bonus It's a good point Are there any other uh, so but one of the last things I want to talk about is we we've obviously focused we went through The stalliarch the petrofex we've talked about ad nauseam and the mortis Praetorians Do we want to talk about uh, you know, like the ivory host or the null myriad? Or I do. Okay. Are there any of these you like at all? So go ahead talk. Yeah like Um, I actually like the null host. Okay um Because I like being immune to magic. Sure And zinches launching soon. Sure. Yep. And Aerephon Uh, seraphon is dropping soon and so they get a five up ignore spell and spell effects that they they may used Um, I'm sorry. No each time it is is affected by yeah, you can roll dice. You don't have to roll dice. Yep Right. Um, but what's so fascinating is that you can actually spend like one of those command points Um with the command ability to make that trigger on a two plus instead of a five plus So like you can just make your unit immune to spells On a two plus And that's pretty good Yeah, if if the meta shifts Yeah, there's an option with this army Yeah, yeah, like it like I could Yeah, it just if the meta shifts it would be really interesting Uh, because this is an army that would just be simply immune to rat trap Yeah um Like if that thing if that was still a thing, um And the other uh honorable mention here is uh Is the artifact just like Yeah, just you know like this is what by the way the uh the slayer king should have done Like forget rend that this this weapon what it does is sorry this artifact what it does is um it uh The whoever you whenever you attack with it that weapon the enemies no longer make saves for it And and wounds uh inflicted by that weapon cannot be negated when they are allocated to a model Right, right. So like bypass is all damage or damage ignore Um So it's real good for like fighting earth guard Sure, sure absolutely. I I'm not I like I'm I'm thinking of who this goes on Probably like your your liege cavalry guy. I assume. Yeah. Yep, your capital is probably the best dude for it. Um, and any Yeah, there's no like There's no ultra melee killer that you can just put this on, you know There's no like maw crusher who can just absorb a a magic item like this in this army I don't know even this might be a good recipient for havoc next year Sure, sure I wouldn't call that normal play, but yes, I agree um The but yes, like that artifact is super strong obviously Uh makes super short work of poor go trek like He better run into this thing because it will just chop him apart like that night will charge him and murder him That dude seven seven wounds, huh? Yeah done.  Bye time to time to finally get your that death you've been longing for for so long Yeah Um, and I agree like this was actually when I said I think there's like two and a half competitive ones This was my half because I agree with you. It's it's highly dependent on like what happens with zinge What happens with seraphon what happens with magic, right? Like as it is right now I'll be honest. I often don't even feel like when I'm playing my iron jaws. I will often go castles I'll I'll sacrifice the teleport just because I'm like I don't care. I can take the magic You're gonna be dead soon anyways Like it doesn't matter Like you're you're you have casters. I will punch your units off the table Right, like more hitting our wins. I punch in both of our turns by the way, you don't cast in both Exactly, exactly I one thing that I I don't know if time mentioned this But the big thing about the command ability to make it up two up to ignore spells is a reaction To them being cast upon you don't have to like pre buff them with it Yeah, right whenever you roll for the five up. You can just spend a point make it a two up. That's that's sick Agreed Yeah, that that noll myriad like it's it's got some gas depending on what happens with the with the meta The other one I want to talk about because so much hay was made of this Yeah, or the book dropped right like this was just all the discussion Was about this right I like this one the crematorians.  You get a thumbs up from me Uh, all right, so you don't like the interglow painted white yellow orange and then drybush black It's a really hard look to actually make it look like you're what you're trying to go for right. Yeah it just You don't speed paint that look and right right what you're going for is like a really complicated Inner lighting scheme and it's not one that really works when you speed paint it like I get it. It's fine It just it isn't it isn't like that okay So, uh, let's talk crematorians because this was like everybody's like, oh my god It's gonna be so crazy, but of course the points didn't work out that way But here we go Roll dice each time a friendly crematorians model is slain by an attack made with a melee weapon Before the slain models removed from before the slain models removed from play Add one to the roll if the slain model is a hero or monster on a five plus weight Pick one enemy unit within three inches of the slain model that unit suffers one mortal wound So obviously this has like a uh, a five up Mortal wound kickback reflection. Yeah reflection, right? The of course the the challenge here is is that You don't want your models to be dying at this rate to where this is actually going to cause significant damage back You you just like You just don't have the bodies to put on the table I think to actually power this like if you gave this same kind of ability to you know To to somebody likes caven who could flood the lord with clan rats or or or or took to get right where like every goblin Did this when they died? This would suddenly become a nightmare ability, right? Yeah Um, but as it stands now like there's just It's just not enough guard on the table And you don't want to be losing them in the in the in the kind of multitude that's going to trigger this to cause like an actual Sort of worthwhile explosion back maybe What I would say is that like I think that there are some really fun lists here with harvesters because harvesters like are the magic sauce here Because harvesters are going to regen models And you're going to get this trigger every time a model dies and then it gets 50 50 chance shot of being put back on the table Sure. Um, like yes, of course, you're going to have a harvester if you're trying for this strat I don't disagree with that and like there are enough model regions In sets of three that you could potentially have some pretty significant region Um where like yeah like harvester does some of the work and then you just Reach it regen like nine more models to eat I guess I mean when you look at what I said, hold on. Hold on. Is there any world where that balances against this? Go ahead No I'm so I'm not so I'm not saying that this is like dominating or whatever But what I'm saying is is I think that there is a playable list here in the competitive world Um, and I think that it would be really interesting and I actually think that at like at off point levels This actually becomes really more interesting Like and so like 1500 point and thousand point games I think that this list actually may may have more gas at those levels um Because you can like you just run heavy on bodies and light on on you know It's like run a couple bone shapers and then a just a bunch of bodies and harvester um, and I think that there could be gas there is what I would say Okay, how do we deal with the fact that the other three things in this?  Okay. Um, because I mean they're all bad Yeah, they're just bad. No, I agree with that and I mean what I would say is this You know what I said to rob when rob was losing his mind is that like Good good lists aren't built around losing models sure or or Most of the time, right? It's not built around just using models and people will appreciate. Well, you know, you're always going to lose models and in You know in lists. Yes But in order for you to affect the table You have to lose models here. Um, and like and in general that's not a winning strategy Right. They're not built around losing models as your main strat Right like like sure having scaven lists with death frenzy built in means part of your strat is based around the fact that you're aware You're gonna your models dying But you those are six up dudes who like yeah, sure that just makes it win-win, right?  They still kill everything great Right, this isn't that No, this isn't that and so like in general like I'm not super hot on this, but I don't hate it You're not super hot on the crematoriums.  Yeah, that'd be fantastic Law tribes armies out there are just like if they line up and they see a null myriad across the table.  Oh for that thing. Yeah, okay great. Yeah, I mean come catch me, dude Like there's no way you get that guy.  That's not how it works Okay, that that guy that guy gets the only thing that the only thing I don't like about crematoriums is the You're dealing with another small circle of the effect to go off. Yeah, just like just like with the The harvester is you gotta the model has to die within three inches of the thing that died And also died within three inches of the harvester And so you have this pretty Narrow tie window of engagement. Yeah, and that's now if you could double harvester cheese it I'm fine with that, but you can't so it's it turned from being really fun and nasty to rightly so fixed and just What I really wish this would be is I wish this would be exploding zombies and legions in the gash Sure, I will let the board with 400 zombies that blow up on fives hell. Yeah all day every day, right I would love course explosion. Yeah But not in an elite army So gentlemen, is there anything we didn't cover? I feel like we gave this a good shake. We kind of walked on this winding path through it But I think this was the best way to do it because we kind of covered things in their logical connections I hope for everybody. It's a very complex book. So, you know, It's it is what it is. Uh, is there anything we didn't touch on that you wanted to touch on? I think the only the only thing we have been talking about it But without directly mentioning it is the use of mercenaries in this army. Oh, yeah Um, and that is I can't remember what they're called the rampagers or something But it's the chaos marauders One to three units of chaos marauders and then zero to one dark oak chieftains and the lady So, you know, you take zero lead you take zero heroes, obviously, right? But marauders are 120 points for 20 or 200 points for 40 And they when you drop them at the start of the game you automatically move them d six inches That's really what they're there for they are cheap bodies And gosh darn it. You don't get a cp in your first battle around Bummer gosh, I'm gonna miss that one well What I'll say is this originally when I saw that I was like, yes, I'm gonna cheese this shit out of this um, and then I realized It's actually like you can't make them battle shock them you neither No, no, I can't spend camman points and so actually like I think they're a liability like honestly like when I when I originally I was going to do that and then I was like would I rather have 80 of those or 33 up reroll will save skills That are immune to battle shock. Yeah, I think 80 is too much in my list. I've run Um as little as one block of 20 in as many as two blocks of 20 And I'm screening him. I'm screening him for summoning.  It's just more bodies on the table. That's the problem The army has his bodies on the table and board presence and And I agree when you're playing iron jaws or you're playing maw tribes Guess what all your stuff with your mortal wound charges is hitting that garbage and then I'm and I've come back at you Right because ultimately who cares if those dudes get blown up because they did push way out And just really expand your initial board presence in in a in a strong way that lets you then You know keep your kind of castle intact and operate as you as you swing up the board or You know move up your main blocks and flank with your cavern Or you know, whatever kind of your general strat is if I were to move and I think this army will move in fairly like it has to move in these kind of In in sort of I don't want to say predictable ways. That's not the right word It has to move in these fairly structured ways given some of the restrictions on things like big blocks Need to either be near the hero or be with you know, stay tight for their heck of toast or you know, whatever, right? so Like you'll you'll see these things moving in a more In a fashion that they would like have they would like very much to have that extra space, right, right So, yeah, no good call good call Uh, all right gentlemen tom anything we missed that you wanted to talk about No, I mean like I like them They're nice They're not terrible. Sure. Okay nailed it Right on There it is the stirring words They're not terrible. All right cool Uh, so uh with that I think gentlemen, we will bring this one to a close We did it's a we've gone a solid three and a half hours. So I feel like that's a that's a sizable review of these bad boys So to all out there, I will say thank you very much. John great having you on brother Thanks for having me.  We certainly appreciate it as always. We'll see you next wednesday


Statistics and Excel. Normal Distribution Calories Data Example. Got data? Let's get stuck into it with Statistics and Excel. You're not required to, but if you have access to OneNote, we're in the icon. Left-hand side, OneNote presentation, 1632, Normal Distribution Calories Example tab. We're also uploading transcripts to OneNote so that you can go to the View tab, Immersive Reader Tool, change the language if you so choose being able to then either read or listen to the transcript in multiple different languages tying into the video presentations with the timestamps. OneNote desktop version here in prior presentations. We've been looking at how we can represent, present, demonstrate different data sets using both mathematical calculations like the mean or average, the quartiles, the median, the mode, as well as with pictures.