Hello and welcome to the drum history podcast. I'm your host Bart van der Zee and today we have our old friend Mr Rob Cook on Rob welcome back to the podcast Good to have you here. I saw you at the Chicago show in May, which I don't think we've talked since then That was awesome. That was a huge. I would call it a huge success. What would you how do you feel about things? Yeah? Yeah, it's coming back The the numbers are all Looking real good We we moved the clinic area over to a separate building and that was probably a misstep I was trying to go back to the big format clinics with the stage and and so on but In it being in a separate building and having to trudge over there and stuff I'm not sure if we're gonna do that. We'll probably just do it upstairs again and make it a little bit smaller format But overall the attendance and the number of exhibitors there and everything Was good a lot of people weren't quite ready to come back in 2021 or two, but You know COVID's still out there. It's still a factor and some people are still factoring that in But it's it's a lot less So there was a lot of excitement last year was the first year I think that a lot of the foreign buyers were back there were there were the Japanese were there and so on and That that makes a lot of exhibitors happy. So they're yeah, business was booming. It was it was an encouraging year Yeah, I had an awesome. I mean, I'm there more just to see people and talk about the podcast and Talk to some people about Advertising because everyone can do different things there. You can sell you can buy you can network You can just hang out you can do whatever you want and that's The best part about it and I like I said, I had a great time the the community Was talking, you know, the the word on the street because I'm sure you you were doing a lot of different things as you Kind of as you run the show Everyone was very happy. So Anyway, I should mention for people who haven't listened to a Rob Cook episode before or read one of your books Rob Publishes many great drum books writes many great drum books through Rebeats.com He runs the Chicago drum show You've been on the podcast about six times so far, which you've got so many great topics Which I'll link all the your episodes in the description and maybe I'll read them off at the end So people can say hey, wow that guy knows his stuff. Let me listen to his other ones, which I highly recommend But today we're talking more broad about calf skin heads, which you've got a super cool page on your Rebeats.com website you've sold them in the past you've done a lot of stuff with them, but Rob as I mentioned before we started let's assume people don't know anything about calf skin heads and just kind of jump in and Really learn the full story of what cap skin heads are and all that good stuff Sure, sure and well, although we're referring to him as calf skin heads We should mention that you know, there's a lot of other animals have been used and and in the drum world Especially there are a lot of goat skin. There's a little bit of sheep skin There's even some kangaroo. There's a guy in Australia doing kangaroo heads and deal Yeah, so and of course the native Americans are Still using a lot of elk for tribal drums and so on deer skin not so much It's it's too stretchy I think human skin also would be a little bit too stretchy At one point I Thought well all these great tattoos Maybe some of these people would like to have their skin preserved after they're gone and and stretched and you know put on Drumheads, but then I realized there are someone called to my attention that technically that's illegal Don't go down that road stick with the animal skin, but there's a there's a lot of different skin But we'll refer to it basically as calf skin. That's what most of the skin heads were From and and we're we tend to think, you know, of course drums are Go back through the ages, but we're kind of think in terms of revolutionary war drums and Civil War drums and then On up through the drums of today and you've done a couple of mylar head episodes I think with Herbie from Remo and so on so and I believe Evans was in there at one point So a lot of people they even the younger guys realized that heads haven't always been made out of mylar or plastic So they were made out of skin before that and generally calf skin So where to start this is a broad topic Actually, let's jump in with Rogers that leaps to mind because Joseph Rogers got his start In Ireland working in the vellum and parchment yards and so that was his skill set when he immigrated and that's what he started doing in the in the Americas and North America and Since he was had experience with it in a skill set. He made really good quality heads compared to maybe somebody that had just, you know Butchered a calf recently and was making making their own because you've got to Scrape it in just the right way get it thin get the hair shaved off stretch it and dry it and and so on and It really was an art form and actually there's still a company in Ireland called vellum and parchment works in Cellbridge and I They're known as one of the Highest quality heads out there a lot of the symphonic guys and so on using but It hasn't been all for drums when they say vellum and parchment Those are both kind of the same thing. They're both skin heads in general Parchment is a more highly finished and was produced for writing all these old illuminated manuscripts that were done by hand and 1300s 1400s and so on they they obviously needed Something closer to paper than rawhide to to write on So and and they still use it in those applications today not so much for books, but for proclamations and historical Reconstructions of Documents and so on just to clarify that you're saying vellum, which is V E L L U M And it's just Google quickly says vellum is prepared animal skin or membrane typically used as writing material It is to extinguish from parchment when it is made from calf skin rather than made from other animals or having a Higher quality when it is not so vellum. It sounds like it's just super thin Capskin that can be used to write. Yeah, or yeah I got I just looked that up yesterday and I got slightly different definitions one said the difference is vellum shows the veins and is a little bit rougher parchment is more finished but So take take your pick but but it's all The the starts with the same stuff the skin and and scraping it down and so on so Joseph Rogers transferred his skill set to this continent and for decades was was known as the premier skin and One of the things That that comes to mind. I might be taking it out of sequence is that he always Claimed that there were no chemicals now What makes a Skinhead white They call it breaking white because it's translucent by nature when They've gone through the first few stages of the I guess it's basically tanning, but then they stretch it real tight on a frame and either leave it out in the sun or in a specially heated room and as the skin dries it stretches and the little fibers in it break and it goes from translucent to white There are some manufacturers who Have reacted to market pressures of people who want a perfect looking head and would would use chemicals to bleach them white and so on but those would damage the fibers and wouldn't sound quite as good as a Skin that had not been chemically treated So Rogers at various times made a point of saying no chemicals were used in the production of our heads Let me ask you though So and I think I've mentioned this in one of the previous head episodes and there is one with Jeff Stern Where he talked about that one is called a look at animal skin drum heads with Jeff Stern, which was a pretty specific though, too He did he owns the stern tanning co and it's kind of more based if I remember correctly Around the process and stuff like that, but I know that like urine and like feces would be used historically for a lot of things, but I know that like Maybe it's more like when they were making like not exactly drum heads But like I know that that chemical that would be found in people's pee and stuff like that Could be used in tanner ease and I know it would smell terrible and it was a job that people didn't really want So I know there's something there where I don't know the details I don't either and I haven't seen that What comes to mind is there was always a rumor that the British drummers in the back in the day when that when Everybody was playing really hard They said the the British secret was soaking hands in urine to toughen up the skin to get ready for a big tour So I didn't plaster but I mean I know that there was I was like there's a cool show I've watched I've talked about it before but they talked a lot about how in medieval times Urine was used for all kinds of things and I know there was a job where an old woman who would be like she'd have no Job or money like in that point. She was probably 50, but you know what I mean in medieval times You're like that's like being a hundred she would walk over bent over all day cleaning up animal poop And take it to the tannery and get like a penny and that would be her job would be to take it there And they use the chemicals to do something But they were also making like all kind not just drumheads, but different Uses for it, but anyway, there's something there, but that doesn't might not apply here Yeah, I'm speaking of Jeff and I he may have gone through it in his episode But I was encouraged people to go back and listen to Jeff because he's got hands-on and doing it and yeah And I think rather than drumheads specifically he already had his the stern tanning was already a business Before they got into drum heads in a big way But the guy that I used to buy a calf heads from when I first got into business was Steven Polanski at United Raw High And that's how Jeff got into it when Mr. Polanski retired he sold his business to Jeff And so Jeff has kind of a time honored tradition because at one time Polanski was making OEM heads for virtually all the manufacturers He'd go back further and Slingerlin and Ludwig I had their own tanneries They would just buy the the raw skins hustle them over to their tanning facility and process them there But eventually there were fewer and fewer of them that were doing that and there was like a Worko white eagle raw hide and United Raw Hide and they were providing the the skin heads for Gretch and Slingerlin and Rogers even because Rogers said when by the time they became an actual drum company they weren't so much of a drumhead Produced anymore So Mr. Polanski passed on a lot of those original tools and And processes and everything to Jeff So if a purist is really trying to get something restored to sound and look like it did in the 40s when it was produced They you know, they might want to consider Jeff's skins and definitely yeah, let's jump to when I first started messing with calf skin heads and trying to Do something with them myself and go through the processes of mounting them and and and so on I Had a music store cooks music and that rebies was kind of an outgrowth of that and so I had customer lists and a customer base So when I started finding out about calf skin heads and that it was possible to actually produce them yourself and And or to buy them and resell them I got into that as a lot of my customers that were into drum history and and were serious percussionists Already knew a lot of those things, but they were also looking for a place to buy them and and even some of the newer drummers I remember one of my good customers for a long time was uh, bernie dressel and he was uh Using calf skin heads and Uh The the reason I laugh is he found out at one point that mr. Polanski had Uh a more expensive head other than the standard white head and it was a translucent and it was uh more expensive Uh I guess it was harder to produce Uh And bernie assumed that being more expensive It was going to be better and he wanted the best and they are more resonant When they're in that translucent state before they're they break white So, uh, he ordered some of the the translucent heads. I can't remember what they were called at that point, but Then the first time he used him He was on a tv show and put a stick right through So they he found out they were a little bit more more fragile and and uh more money doesn't necessarily mean more more durable And although it did probably sound a little better at lower volume and uh, it kinds of brings us to durability Sure. This is kind of a shotgun approach. Yeah, yeah. Yeah, it's just a general talk. But yeah, uh the I had a an old calfskin head that I put on a supraphonic once and I really liked the sound and I played it for I mean, I wasn't giggling out, but I I played quite a bit just for fun And the head was already like 40 or 50 years old when I put it on the drum And I never worried about breaking it like plastic if they're played correctly You know, they're they're tough and last for decades Now like any head if you Hit it with something sharp or lay it down on something sharp or you come at it with a bad angle and too much I mean, yeah, the laws of nature take over you can only push a drum head down so far Yeah, and any far any force to try to push it further is going to cause damage Uh, but but they can be very tough That's that's a misconception that you hear regularly and I remember Ryan with bovid drum heads telling me that people think that they're Not durable or there's a reason you would they would break or they're not as tough as plastic but it's it's generally the opposite because The I mean they will if you get an old drum that has one on it It will last a very very long time, but let's talk about the like my grandpa was a drummer and um You'd hear the horror stories of playing outside and the temperature and the the oh it'd be sagging and you'd have to tighten it and There's there's sometimes where you wonder if a little bit of it is like over dramatic Like, you know remembering things like your grandpa will tell you a story like oh, it was hanging off and it was like dripping What's your experience with with weather Affecting the head to to a certain degree and and all that stuff with the climate because it's skin Yeah, it it definitely does and you have to pay attention to The The weather they Humidity the temperature affects on your drum uh To an extent what's going through my mind is right now I have a set of uh calfskin heads the earth tone heads on a 60s Ludwig kit and They're in at the rebates tower and it's climate controlled there that and it's The the room it's a 24 by 20 room and it's pretty much airtight I've got a a small air conditioner for Cooling and two little wall electric units for heat and that's all I need to keep it 70 degrees year round and the heads on that kit Stay in tune really well I I brought one of the earth tone heads home and put on the floor time on the little dw kit in my basement and I thought things were pretty uniform down there the temperature is always uniform down there It's a finished basement and I've got a dehumidifier down there. So I thought it was pretty constant, but that it's like a totally different environment than the tower and Every time I go to the basement that one tends to loosen up now I'm paying attention because if we get some hot dry weather, which isn't It's it's going to come up fairly soon now in michigan when it's cold outside our gas furnaces start up And I'm going to have to pay attention because now that I've got it reefed up for maximum humidity If it gets really dry Um, it's goodness. I'm going to have to start backing off Yeah, otherwise it would break because it's yeah tighter tighter. Yeah, okay. Yeah Yeah, um one of one of my uh, Favorite uh, calfskin heads. It's one of the oil painted heads and it's on a kit that came from a relative and Uh, it had a black beauty with it and so on but For years I had that on a shelf at my music store Unfortunately, it was on the top shelf and it was in kind of a storeroom and it was a high ceiling room and I split the head because It got so hot in there in the summertime and I had some tension on it. I hadn't been playing it or anything, but um, but yeah, you do That was one of the big selling points for mylar when it was developed. There's no more constant retuning and fighting with your Your head and so on. So that that is a down flip side of skin heads The big upside is the tone in my opinion in the feel I mean, there's just something about especially a wood tip stick although you can use nylon tip sticks Obviously, but there's something about wood on leather that is very round mellow earthy powerful And you can almost feel it in some of the old, you know, the sing sing sing and everything, you know, that's wood on leather And it's not just the head. It's the big round bearing edges. They had back then and and so on but um I would encourage people to try it if they're curious and uh, not every Drum is going to be a great candidate for it. But uh, man, I'm just really having fun with that Ludwig kid I mentioned although in the 60s, you know plastic heads were starting to come in they and that would have come with With plastic heads new But I'm just having so much more fun with it with cap skin heads that to me. It just sounds great Yeah, if someone were to buy, you know, they're not cheap They're they're like artisanal kind of like now they're hand crafted and they're they're not being pressed out by a Machine as much like a mylar head Would you say that like a snare or a bass drum or snare and or bass drum would be a good starting point?  I mean you're you could spend a thousand dollars if you're doing the full drum set easily Um, do you think that would be a good starting point? Maybe you get a snare head? To get get introduced to him I almost would try a tom first because I think uh, I would go with the rack and floor toms first and bass drum Yeah, but I think given the price and the tuning and everything I would take my chances with uh, maybe getting a fiber skin or something there um, and and the snare uh you're quite often going for a a crack that um Kaft skin will get you there in a different way than the mylar, but But back to your question. I As a starter, I would say rack toms and floor time pushing and Right in the middle of the ballpark Yeah, and especially if you happen to have a 14 inch floor time then you could You could experiment a little bit you could put that on the snare drum and see what you think of it and Yeah, hopefully you don't have a 20 inch floor tom and then you're playing but maybe if you have a 20 inch bass drum You can float around there Um, can I ask you another question here that's kind of coming to mind? I feel like you have so much knowledge about the history of the industry That maybe this will bring something to mind. Um, maybe we talk a little bit about the change of like the industry and I mean these companies it was literally like uh The first thing that comes to mind is like, um You know big old honkin wired phones and then the cell phone comes out and those are no one uses that kind of phone anymore or You know what? I mean just a complete shift in technology any anything comes to mind of like What the industry was like in the mid 50s for like the manufacturers and the companies and the players and all that stuff um Like I said, I I think uh the A lot of the companies that had their own tanneries didn't necessarily get away from the tannery Because of plastic heads. They already they did that earlier and for other reasons, uh, uh, we saw upheavals in the industry. So, uh Ledy and Ludwig both having problems mainly because they got into ban shows and then of course the stock market crash and everything so uh The con company ends up owning both of them. And so there goes The leady tannery and the Ludwig tannery although John Yuka the uh, the fellow who ran the the leady tannery for years and there was a they had leady produced several different levels of Skin heads and their premium heads were the the yuka heads because he was a master craftsman And he did the the translucent heads for especially for timpani and so on but I think by the 50s For all those reasons a lot of the companies were relying more and more on white eagle rawhide and united rawhide and They they must have been going through boxcars of of raw skins because The uh, jerry rhyman is it reamon or rhyman the fellow that makes the books about the with the newspaper? Yeah, yeah, I think it's rhyman. He's he's been sending me those notebooks and there's some really neat stuff There's stuff that doesn't show up in any uh books when you're research it Yes, and it's it's led me down some really interesting rabbit holes, but There have been a number of uh references to rogers, uh in in those clippings and uh One was an ad for rogers selling off some cattle. They evidently had Uh an operational farm of some kind probably growing their own cattle for the skins or something But uh, they they posted an ad in one of those Classifieds for some cattle they were selling off, but what what Really struck me with some numbers that came up in there when they're talking about Getting an order from the military for 8,000 drum skins and so on and I thought oh man I mean I I had been thinking in terms of What I was doing in my shop I'd I'd get in skins that were unmounted And I felt like a manufacturer because I was soaking them and tucking them on a flesh hoop and And so on and I thought this is just like those guys were doing Not and it and it kind of was but when you think of somebody producing 8,000 that It boggles my mind to think how many guys did they have working there and And so on and and when you get a boxcar of of hides in You've got to do something with them and they they tended to freeze them. Lady has pictures of the the freezer Because the the clock is ticking as soon as the animal is dead And the the height is going to start to decompose So your your window is shrinking and you've got to transport them freeze them Until you're ready to actually You know Start start using them But wow and can you imagine the mess and the smell and that? That's enough reason to go to plastic heads right away but one of the the stories that one of the lady children the Son the youngest son of the founder. It was a ug lady Was holless lady and he lived in michigan and I went up to visiting several times when I was doing the lady book and He he and his brother Didn't really work at the at the factory much as The old man kind of made him work there as a summer job to You know and still a little disciplined and so on but So so holless. Uh, it wasn't his choice, but he was assigned to work in the Uh calfskin headworks and he said the smell in there It was all he could do to to function and it was summertime and it was hot and And he couldn't believe that all these guys around him were actually Working and he could barely keep it together and he was he was he had brought his lunch And he was praying for lunchtime to get there so he could go out and get in a little bit of air But he didn't think he was going to have any appetite to actually eat Lunchtime comes and they telling me okay, we're going to break for lunch And he's about to head out the door and they all just pull out their lunches and sit down where they are And start eating I guess you get used to it. Yeah Yeah Oh my gosh That was kind of the point of his story. He said yeah after a week It was a different world, but man that first day it just took my breath away Yeah, it's a dead rotting animal. I mean, I've I've had a music space. It's near I guess a like I guess pigs or something like a rendering plant or whatever where Whatever details of that.  So Yeah, a lot of respect for people who work in that You know yeah field, but We're we're drummers As and i'm asking you like you were there. I mean you must you were you know, probably a kid around that time But like was it accepted? Maybe the like change in technology like pretty quickly that like oh this is better And I know that's kind of come up on other episodes, but like was it pretty quick or did it take some time? It took some time, but once people started hearing Mylar has been played and the the big appeal was obviously Had a like the the cost but the the weatherproof You know being able to put them on marching drums and go outside and and some people have been struggling with for a long time they they I've got ads of heads that were made out of cloth that were painted with varnish and and stuff to try to treat them to Make it tougher than than cow hide And somebody even patented I have somewhere An actual patent for a drum head That was touted as being Weatherproof and everything it was made out of sheet metal And the how Okay, well I So you could tell what was driving the the uh innovation, but yeah The idea of playing a drum with a sheet metal head is uh, it seems pretty ridiculous today But really though, I've never thought of that about of course any industry you kind of look back and there's wacky kind of fringe ideas but cloth That's treated and hardened in a way Isn't the worst idea in the world? I mean that someone now would make that and it'd be like a cool little like because I know there's like wooden drum heads It actually sound pretty cool, but um Yeah, that's that's pretty wild. People will people will try anything, you know They the range of skins that are out there and available now Are pretty much the same as when I first started getting into cap skin heads probably in the late 80s something like that And to kind of break that down a little bit the the kinds of skins that people are are apt to see Uh, and I'm talking about just skins before they're mounted As some of these you can't just go out and buy I had what what comes to mind first is the there's a region of Pakistan Seal cot area and for some reason there are multiple tanneries there. It's almost uh Like particular to that geographic area and generations of people, but there are many companies and I I used to get a A blurb from or advertising from them on a regular basis and it'd be different companies But it would always be from the seal cot area of pakistan most of those were uh I believe sheepskin But uh, they were in general very low quality. They would be real stiff and Not very uniform in thickness. They might on a You'd start with an 18 inch skin for a 14 inch drum and we'll talk about tucking in a little bit and Uh putting the skin onto a wooden flesh hoop and so on But in general, it's an 18 inch skin you want to start with for a 14 inch drum So I I ordered a bunch of these skins because they were they were cheap They were like two or three dollars landed or something But you get what you pay for and uh, they were not only real uneven in thickness uh, but They had very little natural glue for some reason in them and What you do to put that 18 inch skin on a 14 inch drum You have a piece of wood that we're going to call the flesh hoop And you soak the skin so it's flexible lay the The skin out on a flat surface Take your flesh hoop and center it and then tuck The head onto the flesh hoop So you're bending the flesh hoop or the skin up over the flesh hoop and then back up under itself The the natural glue Properties of the skin head once it dries holds it in place Not that they can never Pull out and sometimes you have to you know retuck you can Soak them again and start over and do the same thing but these these uh, uh, pakistani heads Were just a real problem for you could soak them forever and they didn't get all that pliable But they finally loosen up a little bit enough so you can kind of get them on A long story longer. I pretty much gave up on those except for Situations where somebody just only wanted to put a very limited amount of money into it because they're going to Put this old drum up on the shelf and they want it to look complete But as far as playing with them and and it was very Frustrating and would be frustrating for somebody to get started talking with One of those really rough heads because it's When you go from that to a really high quality head, it's just night and day that The better heads almost tuck themselves. They just slip up under there But um interesting it gives you an appreciation for this the tucking skill to do one yourself because Um You get all these little wrinkles and everything and you you can't tuck too much up under there But you've got to get enough to get all the way up on the other side of the flesh hoop So that it is going to hold and yeah, so on well That's that raises the question then like let's say My grandpa for example tom con up who passed away a few years ago when he was younger Would he have tucked his own drum heads or would typically? Like he was in new york would he have gone to like a drum shop and they would have tucked it for him Or like when you bought them how did how did it how did that happen?   So, uh, it's going to cost you more to have them spend the time to prepare it but but Yeah Why do you go rawhide and united rawhide? Did not just the oem stuff But they produced heads that were put in cardboard boxes and sold by music stores and got you a lot of skin heads were sold already Prepared to go right on the drum with already tucked already on the rim. Okay. That makes sense because yeah, I mean that's that's a bit of uh technical That would be like equivalent to like buying a snare, but you have to like put the lugs on like it's not that hard or something but it's um It's easier if you don't have to do it kind of a of a unique skill and uh a story that comes to mind is uh We haven't done a roy nap episode. We'll have to do that sometime But he was kind of the godfather of chicago percussion in a lot of ways. There were some other guys ed straight and and so on but But uh, quite often old chicago guys are going to talk about, you know, uncle roy and roy nap who had the the only Percussion school in the country that would accept the gi bill. So there were a lot of gis Uh going to learn how to play drums and those that group included a hell-blame But then he also taught Gosh everybody from gene krupa and louis belson and and on and on and on so to brag on roy nap a little bit, but one of his price students was uh Phil stanger and uh The late phil stanger he just passed a few years ago But one of the stories he used to tell me about going to study with with uh, roy nap Who it is prime? Didn't take just anybody you couldn't walk in and say i want a drum lesson or a series of lessons with with roy nap He would audition you and then he would assign you to one of his teachers Occasionally he would add someone and i have a lot of uh the the papers from the The drum school and after he retired where he kept track of his students and he was so proud of him because he has lists of uh these people and what they're doing now and and so on and He was a total Educator and he wanted People to understand the music. I mean he started right out with the circle of fifths and and music theory because he felt drummers and percussionists needed to understand the music I mean when you think about it, it brings you right to Charlie and ringo and all these people who weren't necessarily the fastest or the flashiest but impeccable timing with what the band that they were in was doing And so on and that was kind of where uncle roy was coming from is trying to Give a a complete music education to the percussionist that he was training So that that's a long-winded introduction to what phil was telling me I I never heard it from anybody else and I've met a lot of people that studied with uh, roy and they always It was a custom Program he always wrote up the lessons by hand for each student because he could see where they were going What they needed and so on but with phil every saturday when phil would go to Roy's studio The first thing that roy would have him do While he was teaching another lesson or getting things organized for the day or whatever phil would have to get a bucket of water and take the The heads off of the timpani that were in the studio and relap them He'd have to go go soak the heads off of the flesh hoops Remound them and so on and and and phil made it sound like This he was in the army and this was part of his kp duty or something And and I don't know if roy was just trying to kind of test him to see if he was going to stick with it as well as he thought he Roy was That phil was going to stick with it as well as roy thought he would if he was given the discipline and the challenge and so on But he did stick with it and it was a life skill I mean to be able to tuck ahead and and especially to do it quickly Yeah, uh in the days when all They were using with skin heads. Um, I thought that was kind of interesting, but I don't know why Roy didn't make other students do that. He probably did but I never met another one besides phil Yeah, he's like traumatized from doing that on a big timpani head Which you don't even think about that really that didn't pop into my head about the different applications like a timpani and a banjo Like you mentioned earlier, but everything would be would be that I mean, it's it's kind of uh, It's interesting. Do you think that if you find a drum set? Now that has the original calf skin heads on it. Does that add a lot to the value? Um, like a vintage kit from like let's say pre 50s Like a 40s kit that has calf skin heads that are still intact just loosened up or something. Is that more valuable? No, but it seems like it should and maybe it will in the future when I mean, they've already gone up from 45 or 50 when I first got into it to They're probably a 14 inch stern head is what 80 or 90 now Maybe when it gets up to 300 it It'll make a change, but yeah Yeah, you would think it it would but I don't I don't think it does at this point Okay, much difference. Um, and then on kind of in that same vein I have a I got an old bass drum at a flea market that was I think it's probably a 20s I would assume it's like a ledie because I know ledie like kind of white labeled a bunch of bass drums for other people And from what I've found with the type of rod and everything The single tension thing I think that's what I was but the front head has split Which as you know as it does it probably got put on something or something set on top of it Is there any saving those old heads or patching? I think mine's too far gone but can you patch or save an old animal skin head I think you can and I've and I've read of people that do and uh With that head that split on me that painted head what I did was followed the advice of that I read somewhere and that was to take Some nylon stocking material. There's probably not so much of that around anymore I guess there's still pantyhose you can cut up. Yeah. Yeah, but um and uh use that and rubber cement and that Took the stress off of the where the crack was but still retained a little bit of flexibility um And I've I've heard of people gluing leather on too but I I asked that question once Uh, I was I was at uh bill Ludwig's house the chief to bill Ludwig too and bill crowden happened to be there and uh Both guys had had a couple of martinis and you know got to be supper time And they they tended to have two or three martinis and loosen up before dinner And I thought this is the golden opportunity to this question that you just asked that I've been wondering about And I had this I had recently split this oil painted base drum and They they laughed at me they both said Virtually the same thing They had laughed and said yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Here's what you want to do Uh, give it a funeral and bury it And start over and then buy a new one from Ludwig. Yeah. Yeah Wow Man, I would like to have two or three martinis with bill with the chief. That sounds pretty fun It just to hang out and uh Was it all drum talk at that point or did they kind of just to talk about other stuff? other stuff at the table, but uh The chief had is a little museum in the basement and that was part of the the video that I did that first got me into the the vintage drum thing I I took a cameraman there and just asked him every question I could think of and then did that with three or four other people And then we tried to edit it into something that that made sense but he had all of his pedals and and these civil war drums and the The early black beauties the DFS drum and all that stuff all shelf by shelf. So that's In the basement where there was also a billiard table and a bar and stuff. So it was kind of his drum cave Yeah, that's awesome area and then very cool Um, all right, and then so this is this is going to be totally out of left field. It was for me I had a person A very nice Older lady. I did like an interview kind of on the local like PBS channel here last year two years ago Where it was like a spotlight on you know, someone recommended me because of the podcast and um, her name is barbara keller Very very nice woman, but she asked a question. I think I said Something about or she might have asked about animal. It came up It came up about animal skin drum heads and that would have obviously I mean she was probably in her late set She's probably in her 70s and so it would have been a thing when she was younger But she said she was like amazed that animal skin heads were used And said what I wonder what pita thinks of that And I was like, I was just like what? I don't really know what you're talking like I get it, but I'm also like, but it's like that's the history of like percussion forever Uh, isn't it? I just thought that was interesting Have you ever heard of anyone kind of questioning that in the in the industry or anything like that? No, and I'm a little surprised too that I haven't I was thinking about that the other day particularly with slunk, uh now now traditionally, uh, the The regular white, uh A calf skin head is going to go on the batter side and And a medium thickness a medium or heavy thickness depending on You know that was a player's choice But on the bottom side, they'd use a very thin head and generally a translucent head that was made from the skin of an unborn calf And there must have been a lot of them because slunk was a thing I mean and you can I think you can still order from Jeff It's stern today a slunk head for the bottom side So yeah, that's a lot of aborted Cabs that were cut up and that's that's kind of gruesome. It is or there's a lot of like I know that You know, maybe they don't all make it or they're there's ways they're born But but that's a lot to be producing but um, yeah It again and it came up about I think I mentioned that what steel was doing In Australia with the kangaroo heads and it was just like kind of Shocking for her but from what I've heard is like from a friend who lives in Australia is like, oh, no, they're everywhere Like it's not like, uh, you know, we go to the zoo and are amazed at kangaroos It's more of like us seeing like a deer where it's like They're everywhere.  It's it's kind of like but again I see people's sensitivity to it and I'll explain if maybe I think pita is known internationally But if you're listening and it's kind of the people who uh, I'm gonna skip looking up the acronym It's people who are animal rights activists. So that's the question if you're not familiar with who they are But anyway, that that definitely caught me by surprises. Like I've never thought of that Um ever but to transition away from that real quick. I've also heard. I don't know if you've heard of this There was someone who mentioned a while ago about early early early drum Head type situation. I think that someone's mentioned a a fish skin of some type Stretched over like a turtle shell Pretty interesting fish, you know, you don't hear about fish skin being used very often Yeah, uh, well as far as uh, uh, fish skin or Yeah, snake skins various things and I'm not even sure what this is, but I believe it's a fish skin Oh, wow And it's a like a Chinese violin I got on a trip to hong kong in the Late 80s something like that and I presume they're still making them. Uh, and there's no tuning it. It's it's tacked so It's not like I play this thing every day and I have to be concerned about the the tension And and you're not playing actually on the the uh The head it's uh, it's missing the bridge right now. Yeah, but uh, it would be like a resonating kind of chamber Yeah, yeah, wow, very cool. So let's go with uh Back to the my my tucking adventures. I ended up with uh uh Get into a point where I was I was doing uh three or four a week and I thought that was a A lot, but I I had a nice surface a glass countertop and a couple of plastic bins of Of all the clamps and everything that I needed and and people can kind of follow this by going to a youtube video uh, and I can Actually, you might have a way of putting these uh Uh QR codes up that are in the book that I sent you in pdf form Uh, because I'm I'm not going to tell people they have to buy the rebates calfskin head book to See the the youtube videos I in the the first version of this book I I had actually produced a dvd. So every Every book came with the disc in it and so on. Yeah, but uh when I updated it this last year I I put those up on youtube so that everybody can have benefit of it without having to buy the book. Yeah, but uh one the first One I would point to is My demonstration of laying up a wooden flesh hoop Uh, go go back to where I had the calfskin head that's been soaked So it's flexible and it's laying there in the surface You put the flesh hoop on top of it and you you get ready To tuck it You have to make sure that you're starting with a flesh hoop. That's the right size if it's Too small you're not going to be able to Put it on the drum by the time you get the calfskin head So if it's too if the flesh hoop is tight to the shell Um, you're going to have a problem go a little bit. Yeah. Yeah Uh And how do you know how big to go? Uh, the best thing is to What I used was cardboard a thin cardboard like, uh Uh, almost like a A book cover or something like that not as heavy as like a cereal box But uh board kind of yeah and and put That around the edge of the drum use strips of it and masking tape and and uh, so you're building up a little bit of a layer around the drum Then then put the flesh hoop over that and I'm presuming you have a flesh hoop that is not been glued yet It's open. It's just a round piece of wood and you can get those from Uh, Cooper men, uh the last I knew you could get them from Cooper men Or if you go to a woodworker and explain what you want You want a round piece of wood that's open so you can glue it to size So you put it over the The cardboard that you've laid up over the drum shell And then put a little bit of glue in it and clamp it Uh uniformly uh clamps every four or five inches all the way around And and let it set then you have a properly sized flesh hoop The cardboard represents the amount of space that the calf skinhead is eventually going to use up So, uh Let it dry, uh scrape off any uh glue that's Adhering there you might have to take a knife and and uh skin a little bit of wood off the where the joint Was that you made So now you've got the properly sized flesh hoop Put it down on the damp calf skin And start tucking Now if you're doing a big one Like a a base drum A common problem or mistake is to Tuck it like you would a 14 but By the time you get it tucked so that it it isn't sagging Then it dries It's way too tight. Uh, there's there's no there's no slack to establish a collar. Got it. So on anything over 18 inches I would always take uh like a cereal bowl or something that size And and put it on the table first Then put the skin over that then the flesh hoop And proceed to tuck that that that uh slack that the cereal bowl Gave you make sure that you had a little bit of slack because you don't want to pull it real tight while it's damp And you're tucking because then when it dries it's it's going to pull things Out of shape And back to the flesh hoop again You can reuse flesh hoops often. I mean very old drums depends on what that poor drum has gone through over the the decades Um, maybe it's been cared for in a way that the flesh hoop Is in perfect condition and you can reuse it But quite often since it is wood it's going to warp and twist and You get it removed from the calfskin head and this Garbage in garbage out. I better set that aside and get a new flesh hoop and you can buy uh steel flesh hoops and aluminum flesh hoops Then the price really starts going up. Um And there are there are people like, uh, carl dustbin at professional percussion in uh cleveland that, uh has Steel flesh hoops made up Maybe they're aluminum Anyhow the the metal flesh hoops are are considered desirable by the purists a lot of the orchestral guys and so on They're generally smaller than a wooden flesh hoop because they're stronger. So it's a little bit easier to To put with the tolerances on the drum. You're not using up as much of the space with wood Yeah, sure the flesh hoop as you are with the metal Uh, but it does get expensive. It's it's expensive to have those made and to they You're getting them from a third party. They've got the hand labor of produce him and so on The calfskin headbook does have a list of sources both for the the skins themselves and for Uh completed heads that are all put together Uh pro drum comes to mind. I I think they do other things besides the stern But of course there's stern tanning and pro drum and pro percussion uh probably many more that i'm i'm Not thinking of right away, but it is possible to go out into the marketplace and get calfskin heads or the The skins themselves are the flesh herpes and Yeah, go at it yourself. Well, and I have the um, I quickly found the youtube videos you mentioned So I'll just put them in the description. It's an interesting process and it's just kind of cool and it's it's it's You're doing it and I feel like stuff like that makes you a little bit closer to your drum set. Um And you know, you feel more exactly in touch with it and things like that. So I think that's really cool. Um Exactly, you know one one that I I did Just just for fun when I was uh It was an old pakistani Uh one of those kind of rough pakistani heads um But I I needed to put a uh skin on The first drum that I ever got or in great school. It's an old I think it's a gretch. It has no name on it but um, it's it's a Kind of a piece that I I don't play but I kind of like to see it now and then so I wanted it complete But but yeah, now it's it's the old It's my first drum with the cap skin head that I took on it. Yeah, but Yeah, yeah, it's not it's not what I'm gonna pull off and play very often In fact, it's probably not even playable at the moment. Yeah So those qr codes are the the youtube videos are they Uh one is on the lane up of the flesh hoop to get at the right size And another is tucking scat cap skin onto the flesh hoop And the third is uh scotty du set the late scotty du set Uh great guy and a lot of a lot of people uh collectors out there remember dealing with him on catalogs and so on for years He worked at uh jack strum shop in boston And on one of my visits there. He was tucking a A slug head for the bottom side of a snare drum And uh, he was kind enough to let me videotape that and that's that's the third youtube video Um, they I something that that scotty did that was a tip that I picked up on was he used a baby powder Uh, I think the the head had been soaked a little too long. It was a little bit slick He needed some a way to make the The skin grab a little bit more. It was it was too too slippery So he was he had baby powder at hand and was uh And using that to make it go but it was a It's an amazing thing to see somebody with a lot of experience and a talent for that Like scotty. Yeah, uh, how quickly he did it and how polished and professional it looked when he was done It was really amazing. Yeah, that's that's true with anything Drum related or not. It's like if if you do something like like drywall or something like for you for me to do it It takes four hours, but for someone who's quick It's just it's there almost there's almost no fear of messing up because your hands are so fine tuned to do it Which is awesome, but Well, rob. Yeah, I think this is awesome, man. I think this is a pretty cool again general look at um at calfskin animal skin whatever you want to call it heads so Is there anything we missed? I mean, I think we've got a pretty good. Yeah a couple of things I would want to call attention to one is The marketplace seems to be seems to have exploded a little bit in the demand for painted Oh, sure painted based drum heads And you had on the fellow that has the museum and I was tim. I should know is yeah Yeah, now he referred me to two or three other guys that have massive collections of these and That they've just gotten together in the last Uh 15 20 years so when I first started getting into the stuff 30 years ago um I I had no idea that that would become a thing. I would have been Uh watching more carefully and picking them up because they're getting kind of expensive now But I would encourage uh people to go back and listen to that episode And that's something else I put in the the new version of the calfskin head book is A lot more color uh reproductions of all those different oil painted heads in fact on the on the cover The image that I use there is one of the leady Heart artists at work And I took the liberty of colorizing that was a black and white photo, but Photoshop Colorizes pretty nicely. It does you told me about that and I ended up actually doing it for Uh, some like family photos of like my wife's grandma and isn't that something to see them come alive Yes, and it's just like two buttons. It's two clicks which Photoshop the the stuff you can do now is Amazing and I'll also refer people on that note to Jim Messina's episode Which I believe was really early on, but I think it was the history of painted drum heads Yeah, so everyone can check that one out and the other thing what was the there was another thing. Oh bovid I I put in a couple pages but uh Ryan McKay, I want to call attention to what he's doing. He's he's a young guy Uh, but he's doing some remarkable stuff with calf skin heads. He's uh for for one. He's doing a lot of these Skins that have the hair still on them. Yeah, and uh, you can't order a particular design obviously because You know That is what it is The hair is what it is on on those heads, but it does change the the sound It's kind of a Muffled thing. It was considered kind of a novelty for years The only ones I ever sold were people that wanted to do like uh Elvis's uh, drummer had had one on the famous black and white head, but uh Some of the other stuff that ryan is doing Amazes me. He's doing some two ply Skinheads and I don't get that with all the challenges I had tucking calf skin heads um I kind of figured two ply meant he was going to bond it like a pinstripe or something But I when I talked to him about that. No, he's actually tucking two skins and he doesn't need to put a Adhesive between them or anything. It's not like they're going to flap because again the natural adhesive That's built into the the skin When you get two of the damp skins Uh together They're and they dry they're going to be glued. Yeah together naturally But he's doing some remarkable things and you can you can order a calf skin That's got a second ply of goat skin or you can do a two ply A calf skin and uh, it's it's going to enhance the durability remarkably. I mean that's going to open up a whole genre of music that otherwise couldn't play calf because They of of the way that they're playing. Yeah, but it's worth mentioning Uh, uh, ryan's doing some remarkable stuff. Yeah, the other guy that comes to the chicago drum show that does skinheads Is from austria the austrian drumhead company peter And uh, it's great to see these young guys. I I think but I don't know the ages But I my guess is these guys are both in their 20s Um, so I I think the the skinhead business is alive and well then And being nurtured by some, uh, I'm amazing people out there Yeah, I would agree and I ryan and I have been talking and like I mentioned before we hung out in chicago And we would drive from our terrible hotel to the chicago show and talk about all this stuff and um I think it'd be cool to have ryan on to do Uh to show his process Basically from start to finish on like a youtube video or something like that. I think that'd be neat But awesome rob. Well, this is very cool. I appreciate you taking the time to do this But I I want to mention real quick before we end my friend barry james who recently passed away He sent me this super cool picture of him, uh last year I met him through the podcast barry was the last living student of george lauren stone Which who was still teaching the uh teachings of stone and barry was a Really a disciple of stone and was a great teacher and lots of you guys who were listening bought his book and all that stuff So, um barry just passed away the same day Well, it was the next day same 24 hour period as dom who recently passed away So oh my god two amazing teachers, but I just wanted to kind of give you know dom was very very well known barry was very well known to a lot of people, but um I just wanted to make sure barry got his his mention and everything and I just love having this cool picture of him And he became a great friend. We talked all the time on the phone at least once a month. Um, so Rest in peace to barry. Um Who you know, there's so much history out there. I'm glad to have two interviews with them recorded just for that For that reason means a lot. Yeah. Yeah wow, yeah Yeah, I spoke to barry at one point about maybe doing a uh, uh A different edition of his book that wouldn't Require so much. Wasn't he doing it at a quick printer or something? He was he was it's not easy to print a book and uh, his yeah his good friend and student tom cook and his wife elaine are going to continue to sell the book but It takes a lot to get a book out there and I think amazon is an option and with rebits, but Um Who knows they're going to try to still continue to publish his book So maybe there's still something there, but um, because you don't want it to be like, oh barry has passed away Now his book is gone. You want it to be the opposite? So, um, yeah, the plan is to keep it going Yeah, I I enjoyed talking to him. He clearly had a passion for it and Man, what can you say about dom that hasn't been said by everybody in the world, but uh he Original plan was to have him do a clinic at last year's show and uh, there were his health was just unpredictable and and uh, I didn't even get answers to the to the number of contacts messages. I sent and I thought well Things aren't going so well But then a few weeks before the show all of a sudden he said hey, I'm I'm uh out and about and I did Just did a thing at nam and yeah, I'm up for the show and And I said well, oh that'd be great. Yeah, we'll we'll get you there and uh, we uh, we got him in and I I couldn't advertise a clinic slot or anything and he wasn't playing anyhow But just to have him there and and to To have him hanging with us at the registration area there Everybody that walked in when they realized who it was their eyes light up and and literally any room that he walked into Yeah, we and and he said what do you want me to do and I said well just be done. I mean Yes, it it'd be great if you could Come over and help em see the clinics a little bit and maybe at the 4 o'clock sunday We do the raffle and you can help me with that and boom he was there uh to introduce uh The the clinics and and all the clinicians of course knew him and knew of him and were hugging him and So glad to see him and yeah, and we talked about you know having him back next year, of course, but Man, yeah, talk talk about a legacy. Yeah, I saw him there too. We hung out up at the symbol Symbol makers hang out up on the second floor and I was talking to Dom there and um So there's great episodes I can't fill the description of this episode will be full of like 50 links just If anyone's ever curious you go to my website search or youtube or whatever Dom famiolaro Barry james search those two guys and you'll find two episodes each Which has really proven to be a thing that I over the five years of doing this where a lot of people have unfortunately passed away But you can go back and listen to them and those two guys have particularly good episodes dom's episode Is incredible not only the the knowledge and the the enthusiasm and passion they presented it with but Just such a nice guy Is it like louis belson and that you never heard him say a negative word you could And if anybody were I imagined to throw something at him and and say but what about him and you know about And it's very non-judgmental. It's he always had a kind thing to say about Absolutely, absolutely and dom's episode was molar gladstone and stone. That's what I was forgetting before But anyway, those guys are awesome rest in peace. Barry james dom famiolaro. I mean It's a big big loss, but uh, it's fun to talk about him and uh, we will miss them greatly so Rob as usual. Thank you for being here. Uh, rob's got a ton of episodes. So if you like this one Um, check out the link in the the links in the description I'll put his other episodes or you can just search rob cook probably on youtube or wherever and his episodes should show up Rob, I appreciate you being here man. And and if there's anything special link wise you want me to um Share we can I can put those in the description. But also, um We'll have you back on another time. I'm sure roissy nap and then um, we'll do that And then we'll also do some other ones about maybe next year closer to the chicago show or whenever you have anything You want to announce I'd be happy to get the word out there for you.  It's always a pleasure. Great. Thanks so much. I appreciate the opportunity man. Keep up the good work


Hello, I am Fabrizio Rovati, I am a software platform and cloud director in ST, and today I want to talk to you about PDT maintenance. PDT maintenance is the technique by which you are able to actively detect when your machinery is breaking down, so you save cost by reducing the maintenance and doing exactly the maintenance when you need it. For PDT maintenance being effective, you need to have something deployed at the node, so near to the machine, at the gateway hedge and at the cloud. So we have done just that. On the node we have here some devices that are using our sensor, our industrial sensor with better accuracy and 10-year availability, our microcontroller SM32 and our connectivity, and also our motor control actuator. And we have made them smart in order to be able to preprocess the data that needs to be gathered, so that you don't really have to send to the cloud all the data, but just the information that you need. For example, here we do FFT of the vibrations so that we don't send all the raw data, but just the frequency that matters. Then we connect these nodes with the gateway that is deploying edge computing frameworks, which means that you can put on the gateway the same things that you would run on the cloud. The advantage is that you are able to close the loop much faster. So, for example, if a machine, if a motor is getting unbalanced, you are able to interact with it much better than you save cost of connectivity and you save cost of storage on the cloud. In some cases, the device will be directly connected to the cloud. For example, here we have another device that is directly connected via cellular to the cloud. The cloud part, here we have demonstrated that we are built as well. What we are able to do is that we are able to enroll the device in the platform and this is done with the state of the art security, so we are using certificates, we are using encryption and secure connection. And what we are able to do is that we are able to track what we want to track and we are able to set thresholds of events that are happening. For example, here we are tracking all these devices, so we are able to see all the data and we are able also to understand if some predictive maintenance condition is happening. For example, this device that we have unbalanced on purpose is clearly needing maintenance for this device. We have set up the range so that we know that here there is nothing to be done. What we are also able to do from the cloud is to gather all the different devices that are at different locations and even connect with different connectivity so that on the cloud side you are able to run all your inference algorithm, for example, of artificial intelligence, gather all the data in the single place in the cloud, be able to refine your methodology and then send it back to the node or to the cloud. So in summary, this is an end-to-end, kind of end-to-end SDK that a customer can take to develop an end-to-end predictive maintenance and not worry about having to set up all the different pieces together. We have done that for our customer and our customer can focus on adding the added value. For more information visit ST.com and thank you for watching.


Well, hello and welcome to Jonathan from the heart. I'm Jonathan Astley of Jonathan Astley.com And I'm so excited to be shooting this short video for you today. Our topic, why do men drink too much? Drink too much on a first on a date. Really quickly if you're new to my channel, these are my weekend videos I shoot out on the balcony. Similar to the videos I shoot in my private group called Midlife Love Mastery where I answer your questions via video three times a week and then we have a once a month webinar. So check out the link to my membership group called Midlife Love Mastery. All right, we're going to talk about why men drink too much on a date and this is actually a piggyback from a video I did recently where I shared the story of when I went on a first date with a woman and I'd gotten alcohol poisoning because I didn't have enough food in my stomach and then I acted belligerent on the date and that's the first time I've ever acted in that kind of manner on a date because I really was sick from the alcohol. Now why I'm sharing this with you is a woman went on to make a poll or put a she wrote a comment in the in the comments section with that that belligerent behavior is a reflection of my personality and and I wanted to address that for a second and then I want to go into a deeper conversation about why men drink and so to the extent that there was some truth to what she said I want to you know the fact is is human beings have a dark side and a light side to them you know we have a devil an angel inside of us and so we all have for lack of better word darkness inside of us and often alcohol can actually reveal that. Now does that make a person bad because they have a dark side? Does that make them is that truly a reflection of who they are a hundred percent of the time? No! You know we we can find you know one of the things of my dark side when I'm watching a car race and if I see a car accident while I don't want anyone to get hurt it's kind of exciting to see an accident happen. It doesn't make me a bad person because of that. It's just we all have a dark shadow to us and if you're not familiar with the shadow work I highly recommend you checking out Debbie Ford's work on the shadow work so write this down Debbie Ford's shadow work and Google it because we all have any goic dark side to us. Now with that said I want to go back to the drinking because after my divorce a decade and a half ago I actually was habitually dating and I was drinking heavily at that time. I was drinking heavily and I was drinking because I was avoiding pain. I was avoiding the pain of the divorce. I was avoiding pain of losing my money in the market. I was trying to avoid the pain of my job loss and so there was a lot of negativity in my life and I drank quite a bit on dates. Now I was able to hold my alcohol kind of okay, and I was acting somewhat charming. In fact for those who know my t-shirt I'm wearing right now that's what I do. I drink and I know things. If anyone knows where this is from please post a comment below. Those who know that. By the way for the record this is a Moscow mule cup but I am drinking coffee from it. But going back to I was in heavily in deep deep pain after my divorce and this happens for a lot of people when they're in pain we mass the pain oftentimes by using alcohol or let's not mass the pain numb the pain that's going on and so for a big percentage of people who are out in the dating realm you can see that a lot of them on a first or second date can will drink heavily on a date. I know it has by the way has this ever happened to you? Went out with a guy and he drank heavily on a date and you were thinking yourself red flag? Well red flag simply means and by the way it is a red flag someone who drinks heavily it is a red flag and what should we know about this? Well what I want to lean into today is why is the person drinking so much and what you might want to do just out of curiosity. I mean you don't have to do this but try to find out what pain is going on in their life because the chances are they haven't healed a childhood wound or trauma or an adult trauma that's causing them to seek this numbing agent and I can tell you that for a for almost a decade I was habitually I was doing drugs I was doing drinking alcohol I was habitually dating because I was I was so miserable on the inside and that's oftentimes why people do drink because they're on the miserable they're miserable on the inside. I mean drink heavily I'm not saying you know look at that just because uh someone drinks a glass of wine uh once a night or once a week or something like that I'm not suggesting I'm talking about people who drink heavily especially on a date. So when I did something called the Hoffman process the Hoffman process here's a copy of the book I highly recommend checking this out this is a deep dive into your childhood wounds and traumas that causes one to see that you know causes one to act out in ways that are emotionally unhealthy it causes us to have negative patterns and limiting beliefs in our lives and after doing this program I found my life changed dramatically in fact it was the inspiration for writing for those who know me I'm going to talk about my book what the heck is self-love anyway what the heck is self-love anyway it's a journey of personal development self-help and spiritual work so you can work on that stuff inside of you that is hurting and that's what I want to lean into today is that the reality is is most men who are drinking habitually have they're really hurting in the inside now that doesn't mean you know you should date them I'm not suggesting that it doesn't mean you should save them I just want you to understand what's going on and rather than judging people you know it's sad that I got a lot of negative comments on that post I was being judged as being a bad person you know you don't really know a human being until you see the totality of their life and what they've done we've all done bad things in our lives and we've done good things in our lives some people just do more of one or the other but I'm here to say that a person who drinks heavily on dating is is just simply in pain and they're trying to mask it or avoid their problems and and again this doesn't mean you should date that person and when I said earlier red flag I mean for most people it's a deal breaker deal breaker that's a deal breaker red flag simply means ask more questions and I highly recommend just leaning into what might be going on inside that person from a place of compassion and again it doesn't mean you have to date them I mean you're free will you can do whatever you want I'm just giving you some backdrop as to why this might happen all right I hope that answers your question please post a comment below if this resonated with you if you have something to add I'd like to hear about it I'm going to wrap up this video as I always do first off give myself a big gigantic job to bear hug of self love I'm going to reach into the camera and give you a hug of love if that's okay I'm going to ask you to turn to someone or a pet or even a teddy bear and give it or them a hug of love because hugs are a great source of love and we can all use more love in our lives thanks a bunch bye bye now


So yeah, so today we're going to be talking about WebRTC in a doctor's office and some cool stuff We've done with IBM Watson.  I need to stop cussing, but So we're gonna be talking about a real live use of WebRTC in something that actually really matters there is a client in Houston, Texas that we're working with that tries to help people with cancer all over the state of Texas and They had issues with people driving six hours to the hospital come see some of the best doctors in the world So they asked to help for us to develop an iPad out for their doctors where they could video chat with Other patients and do remote teleconsults really saved us patients some time. So Chris is going to be my my wonderful doctor today, and we're going to go through a little quick demo So this is a so the iPad we're gonna go through an iPad app It also has Twilio's WebRTC running on their their video chat framework and also a blue mix app that has It's just a note app running in the browser that we're going to use interact with it Yes, it is so I'm gonna ask Chris to open up Open up the app and I'll be be the doctor for me really quick. Sorry. We can't show it up here on the screen anyways So it's this is the app the doctor and see every day They can see some of their upcoming patients and then they can see some of their vital information about the patient and see some Some CT scans stuff like that regular doctor stuff. So let's say I actually wanted to video chat with my doctor today So Chris the doctor could go online and Not good enough for you So he would click the little video icon to do a little video chat with me top in the top right There's a little and I'm going to video chat with them as well. So I'm gonna be doctor general We'll get Justin here. The Justin is here So earlier we also saw this wonderful user experience with WebRTC. So I got asked to use my Microphone and camera. Okay. So in a second, it's going to come up. Hopefully on the screen if the Wi-Fi cooperates Come on. Oh, here we go. Cool Okay So the cool thing here is if you notice at the bottom of the screen It's actually typing what I'm trying to say and we get close to this computer and try to talk Hello, Chris. How are you doing today? I would like to talk about the the cancer treatment we have been working on turned the volume down Okay, the transcription really wasn't that good right there with it works really well with a microphone But it's actually not too bad. What's going on here is Watson is transcribing this text in real time And then we're going to get through all the fun dirty stuff.  Yeah, so actually you just pointed out Sergei pointing out a really cool point So Watson will auto correct text on the fly it'll try to figure out what you're saying a context of what you're saying it and try to correct it on the fly So really quick demo. Let's go through how some of this stuff actually works now Go back to the keynotes. I guess I should have had this up here earlier, but my name is Jeff's lawyer I'm a developer advocate for something that IBM has called Bluemix We're gonna go through what Bluemix is really really quickly and then we're going to nerd out So what is Bluemix? It's basically a platform as a service that's built on cloud foundry. Who's ever heard of cloud foundry? It's really awesome So there's also Docker and VMs and I basically think of it as Your one-stop shop for a developer for everything they need from a database to using cool things like Watson Running your favorite programming language for a web app auto-scaling your web app. You can run go You can run node whatever you want you can run So that's really what Bluemix is and that app we saw earlier. That was a node app running because I really like node So let's go through the flow of how this kind of works. So in the beginning The patient would click to call the doctor what I did on my web browser the next And it initiates a web RTC call to Twilio and then the doctor also initiates a call From there from his iOS device to Twilio as well So we got a call established great basic web RTC stuff nothing that crazy there So this is where it starts getting cool. So as we're chatting The dialogue is going on the the audio stream is streamed from the web browser To a node backend over web sockets and then it streams to the node backend and where it's running in Bluemix That audio is taken from the node backend and sent over a REST API to IBM Watson So what does Watson do with it? It actually takes the text and transcribes it from the voice stream into Text and as Serge pointed out great point It'll try to figure out the context of what you're talking about. It'll go back and try to correct itself kind of cool So we'll transcribe the audio in real time real times to keep the key point here And we just like storing the the transcribed audio just for fun And then lastly we didn't go over this in a little quick demo in the iPad app But the the doctors also wanted a way a fun cool way of seeing the the mental psyche of their patient How they're dealing with their cancer treatment So there's another really cool service Watson has that basically well you give it a bunch of text They'll tell you the personality of the author. So if they're like upbeat sad, there's a whole bunch of personality traits I don't understand. I'm not a psychologist. So I don't understand a lot of them But we picked out a couple that you can kind of see the mental psyche of how a patient was feeling about the cancer treatment pretty cool and the last step Sentency transcribed audio back to the doctor in real time over web sockets as well as well all in real time So we're going to go through a couple points and how this works So the first part see the web sockets piece with web RTC how that works and then lastly the Transcription with Watson and how that works as well So I love this picture With with Twilio's iOS SDK and the JavaScript SDK it made this really really easy Combined with an app in Bluemix and made this incredibly incredibly easy to do this and I did this all in three days It was for Twilio's conference earlier this year and made us in three days underneath the knife A lot of pressure and got it done in three days and the point I'm trying to make here is This web RTC and using Bluemix together incredibly incredibly simple and makes your life as a devs so much easier So let's get into the code. I promised you code. Let's let's really nerd out now So I won't go through some of this so This might be I don't know how familiar everyone is with some of the audio streams and web RTC So basically what we're doing is trying to grab the the media stream Let's see if this laser pointer thing works grab the media stream from the the local audio in The web browser grab that media stream connect it to An audio processor basically what that does we'll go through that in a second remember this on audio process Function here, we're gonna see that in a second what that does and it's basically tying the the media stream to The to a function that allow you to do basically anything you want with the audio you can spy on it You can change it all around you can do whatever you want. It's pretty cool And a lot of stuff is really not documented. Well, we're gonna get some lessons learned later But a lot of the stuff is not documented too well on the web So the cool part with with this is really the the web sockets piece streaming the audio in real time to To our IBM Watson so we can get that transcription the doctor can see what the patient's saying in real time So the big what basically what it's saying here is opening a web socket connection to our node backend Then down at the bottom. I should have line numbers on this This mess of this function show result We're gonna come to that in a second again, but that basically any time there is a new Shunk of audio that comes through a new Message gets sent over web sockets new message is emitted over web sockets to our backend that has the audio So promise to you this on audio process function This is really the guts and the meat of everything how this works basically what this is saying is We're going to grab the just the data that's coming off of the audio stream ones and zeros And then convert it actually this is the dirty trick convert it into PCM 16 whoever who knows what PCM 16 is There's an audio file in the room. You'll know what it is PCM 16. It's a high fidelity audio format. That's all it really is but Watson wants the audio in this pretty specific format I don't know why but it just does So I did not put a function up on the screen.  It was not fun figuring it out. That was a lot of guessing and checking So this function This is what after we get that all transcribed after we could get it converted into PCM 16 We want to send it to our our node back in and this is traditional socket web socket code Just omitting a message with our audio to the back end So I know this is a really long slide. I'm gonna try to go through it. There's a lot going on here The first maybe 10 lines is this saying when a web socket message comes in It's just going to create a little json object to send to Watson It's just constructing that so remember that PCM 16 That's where it comes up again right there and all this other stuff is just needed for Watson So I know how to do it the most important line really really simple and this is a node There's an MPM package for Watson, which is really really awesome This this method recognized live. It's an absolutely really really cool method So you give it a json object and a function to call back Once Watson transcribes a text and you can get your your data in and out Watson real time over web sockets Really cool, and then what we're saying here the line below it is We're going to wait for results to come back observer's result once it comes back from Watson We're gonna want wait for it to do something And then at the very bottom where is we send it back to the back end So let's go into this observary result mess Observer results. It's really really cool how this works So what this is saying I'm just going to highlight one line here. That's really kind of cool So when Serge noticed this earlier Watson was renaming some of the audio context. What was being talked about? Watson gives a best guess of when you're done talking about something. They'll try to figure out when you're done talking about a sentence And that's really really cool in the fact that you can see what's doing And then you can go back and Watson will go back and show you something different So one last little Little code piece. This is just a JavaScript on the client side This was the cool thing that was showing the The audio in the web browser and what this is saying is this dirt. I'm sorry. This is really dirty code But basically what this is saying is trying to figure out a sentence structure For when you're talking so it shows periods and breaks in it and we'll go back and replace texts as Watson figures out the text that you're talking about and We're gonna go through some lessons learned with web's RTC, especially with Twilio and doing this in Bluemix So order for starting a call it can be quite buggy at least in my experience with with with this For the app that we did when I made Chris actually hit the button first to start the calls a doctor For for some unknown reason if the call was started first by the the patient of the client It would not work. So that was a pain about to figure that out There is lots of issues with web RTC and Chrome and Firefox Leading up to when I did this demo at Twilio Firefox this came out with a new version. It was like Firefox 38. Sorry if there's anyone here from Firefox I'm hitting on you right now a little bit fire Okay, sorry a new version of Firefox came out It was like Firefox 3802 or 01 or something like that and it broke web RTC for remote audio I was talking on the phone with a rob from Twilio and it was like we're going cancel this demo because of shit This doesn't work, but eventually found a an older version of Firefox fire 30 Firefox 35 that worked So to give Chrome some hate also you cannot spy on the remote audio I don't know if it's fixed yet in Chrome yet You cannot spy on the remote audio from a remote participant in what web RTC right now There's an open bug about it. I don't know if it's been fixed yet. That was a fun one to work through also Thank you. It has not been fixed. Okay, so you yeah, you have to use Firefox 35. Really. It's the best for this right now So multiple web socket streams are really really hard I was trying to set up this demo where the transcribed audio from the doctor and the patient You get both of them at the same time if you've ever tried doing that and node or JavaScript on the client side It's not fun. It's one of the most complicated things in the world to do if you've done it I would love to see your code because I hated my life trying to figure it out Getting the audio format was right The API docs for Watson never really mentioned you needed the audio and PCM 16 Since this demo it's been fixed the documentation says you need PCM 16 But that was a pain about doing that and then converting the audio and the browser on the fly to PCM 16 was not fun That was incredibly incredibly complicated. I eventually found some algorithm that kind of did it and it's over my head Yes, I like it Another Watson service to convert audio from XYZ to PCM 16 like it So personally the patient so this was what I was talking about the doctor trying to figure out whether or not their patients upbeat about their cancer treatment or not so In the demo it was the personality We could not figure it out until the call was over because we're waiting for the whole chunk of text from the whole Transcript transcription to be there couldn't be cooler and smarter about and send over Done a bunch of rest calls as the call was going on you could see the you could see the Person out of the patient changing as the text is going through that would be kind of cool But this didn't do it. This was too much work Scaling web sockets It's not fun. I mean you can do it with like Redis and stuff and really make it scalable But there's also issues like how do you deal with the results coming back from Watson and knowing which web sockets session The sticking on to send back to the client web sockets scaling. It's not fun with that type of situation Spy on the media stream. This was I mentioned the list a little bit earlier It's not well documented at all with web RTC really on how to do somebody's piping with the audience the streams and the Context and stuff that was really kind of complicated eventually like cobbled together something from Mozilla's Documentation and some other sites kind of found some things that kind of work The a lot of these things were not really well documented was kind of really kind of bummer Lastly the the web sockets to Watson dropped a lot for some reason I don't know why but I don't it could have been I don't know what it was But eventually wrote some retry logic in there to reopen the web socket connection, which made my life a little easier And then this is my wonder I couldn't have a presentation without a cat and any questions. I Didn't have a unicorn, but there is a cat No, it's a stuffed animal Yeah, right up here in the front There's an organization. I can't remember the name But they're using software to characterize the style of callers and on this second call from that caller They feed them to reps that are specifically good at handling that style Are you aware of that and you considered building something like that in I've heard of something like that I forgot the name of the company that was doing that but There's another API in Bluemix that you can use is by a company called alchemy API a really cool company that IBM bought you can actually determine the sentiment and You can pull out keywords of their talks so you could use do something like that route If take the sentiment of the conversation see if they're really pissed off or happy and then use that for rally them to the right Type of agent the level two agent the level three agent whatever you want So I think those guys were in Chicago if that helps and yeah, that would be that would be really fun Next step more homework First is it live yet? Yes, this is live all this was running live on the internet There was actually the website was twillio dash video dot my bluemix net that's that's you could actually run the whole demo from there If you go to slash provider, you can fake yourself as a doctor You don't have to have the iPad app But yeah, it's all live on the internet and the patient can be on the mobile app as well Or is it no so just the patient can only be in the web browser And the only reason we did that was twillio on this to highlight iOS to the web browser I mean just a I mean maybe from use case perspective and somebody is really in trouble They would have their phone handy then opening up their laptop and connecting with the doctor and all of that so no That's great feedback. Actually funny you mentioned that That iPad app we that we was up here the doctors actually hated it They want it on their phone now because the iPad was too big. They don't like stick it in their scrubs It's too big for One more just okay back here WebRTC for medical and HIPAA compliance So which pieces are already handled by webRTC which pieces do you need do we need us third-party developers to worry about? Can you repeat the question a little louder? Sorry? WebRTC for medical and HIPAA compliance. Oh, okay, okay I'll defer to that at least on the video the video part to twillio I'll let Rob or or someone answer that later, but For everything that was running in bluemix everything else that was the data was encrypted at rest bluemix is HIPAA compliant So it's fine with that. We actually spent a lot of time with this client going through How their application can be secured. They don't get sued and yeah, we spent a lot of time with that


What's going on, everyone? Sam here with late sports cards. You've been 23 times. Cosmic Chrome Baseball Hobby Six Box Break. Wow, Forrest with the 10 gifted. Number 58, random teams. Let's go, Forrest. Come on, Forrest. There is a look again at your random results. As always, you can find those on the website, under the Results tab, as well as the link in chat. There is a membership coupon for all of you who just became members. Now we're gonna see who became members. I know I gifted five today. Relentless, man. Relentless. Relentless. It's unreal. It's unreal. Have a day, Vito. Have a day, man. Have a day is right, man. Breaking the record for bands, man. Woo, let's go. Put that on the resume. Not much there, I'm sure. Look at that one going.  That's gonna be the top of the resume, definitely. That is Shohei Otani. That is Rafi Devers. J-Rock. What's up, Forrest? Of course, with a 10 gifted, let's get after it. Nucleus of Nick Prado. That is Adley Witt and Riley Greene, again. Gonna do a dice roll. If someone has majority, it will automatically go to the team that has majority. If not, it will go to the team that the dice determines. So that is gonna be a five. Gonna go to the right. Gonna go to the right with Riley Greene, again, unless it's majority. If it's majority, it will go to the other team. Oh, Sab just became a member. Sab got gifted a membership. No, I don't think so. Yoshida. He's just saying thanks. Hope you have a good night, too, Forrest. Yeah. No, not on personal screw breaks. Adley Rushman. Yup. Yeah, if you did just get gifted a membership, you can use a discount code. That's pretty awesome. Fractive, you honey of Suarez, J-Rod, base. Say an Aqua Equinox to 199, Alec Thomas. Nevermind. Oh, cool, all right. Mine. Mine. Mine. Oh, it's pretty false information over the internet. We should put one of those little like Instagram, like tap the view post thing. Ronald Cunha stars the night. Forrest, sitting with the fact check. Oh, man. Gunner, Bobby Witt, refractor of Alec Thomas and Shay Langler's. Solid one there. Jeremy Pena, Francisco Alvarez, rookie. Blue is Drew Waters, 275. Santa Forrest. True. All right, now, the blue Drew Waters is to 99. I would assume full. I don't even know if we're gonna have time to get to personals tonight, to be 100% honest with you. Another select spot, Daniel with two Mosaic, Eric V with a legacy, Jose with a fast break, Daniel M with two Select and Shigenori with two Star Wars six series. See you, Mark. Have a good one, Mark. Hello, the guy. The guy, our guy, Lucas. Lucas actually told us a funny story.  He's like, yeah, we're all just chilling and drinking and then my buddy's like, oh, am I gonna see how the break shook to win? Bobby Whit. That's him. That was awesome. Michael Harris and base. Yeah, you can't leave a note pook if you wanna do that, but we'll also have personals tomorrow night, so. Yeah, Kyle will be doing personals all night tomorrow over on channel two. Adley Rushman, Michael Harris, ET talent and base. So again, 15 to go on the next break, everybody. 15 to go. There you go, Carl. That's what I'm saying. There you go, Carl. That's how you do it, man. I like it. Let me know when you're tattooing next. I'll just start randomly screaming to see if I could get you to just, oops, on a line real quick. There's. Oh, here, man. What? Go ahead. I'm gonna tell Carl. Oh. I'll be okay. Now, Carl will be doing my first tattoo. My first tattoo will be done by Carl. Green Space Dust, Andre Jimenez, to 75 on the auto. Congrats, Cleveland. Nice one there. He's got a pretty clean auto. I like his. Someone tattoo a trashless tat. There's Brian Reynolds. God, you got a few hanging around. Sean's got good handwriting, so. Sean does have good handwriting, I would say that. Look at Anderson. Yeah. The idea would be stupid, but the execution would be good. I'd have between Sean's handwriting and Carl's tattooing ability, it would probably not be terrible. Probably be pretty good. Adley Rookie. That is Will Benson to 199 and Alec Minnell. Trashless King. You've got a Mercury Francisco Alvarez. That's the second one in this case, the Mercury Francisco Alvarez. So congrats to the Mets. Nice one there. Plaston. That would be flyer. Plaston tattoo. Could go hard. Could go hard. 15 to go, everybody, breaks next. Had a Plaston for Sam, he didn't want it. Yeah, because Carl was trying to price gouge me, or Kyle was trying to price gouge me on his Plaston blue. Plaston is fair. Hey, what's up, Hawk rating with a party of eight? How you doing, buddy? Price. I know that this guy was price gouging me, for sure. He's trying to run a little scheme, pull a fast one. I got to. What did the kids say? He's trying to pull a fast one on me. What's that? Can't grip him. Jeffers. Ryan Jeffers Redemption game. There's one Soto. That one just didn't get all that. And guys, we're gonna be a bit behind tonight, so you know, huh? I was looking there, Phil, what is he playing? Is he playing? Yeah. Oh, he loves it. Peter Lanzo. That guy's got to tighten that up a little bit. Yeah, maybe. Chad, what up, buddy? I don't know. Yeah, and just 15 spots for the next break, that is Top Scrum Sapphire Edition. Baseball, Masatake Yoshida. Okuzunami. I'm doing well. No complaints here, Chad. Good to see you again. Been a minute, Chad. Raffy Devers. 15-2-go, Top Scrum Sapphire. Pulled a couple of Super Fractors out of that this year, Toglia and Grayson Rodriguez. Two, to be exact. Reaver-San Martin and Juan Yepez. St. Martin's nice to been there. Yeah. Nice island.  James, you need to say that every time you're coming to chat now. You need to mention computerizing the strike zone. It's like the old, you used to have like the tag you could add to text. Leeds Garcia. Oh yeah, the signature, whatever it is. Yeah, yeah. Yep. Yeah, computerize the strike zone. It's a gold. CJ Abrams to 50. Usually keep quiet. What's good to see you, man? I like when you chat, Chad. There's a green space dust to 75, Aaron Nola. Yeah, you're all moved into the new house. No problem, B-Doug, thank you, buddy, as always. That is Riley Greene to 199. Have a go on, B-Doug. Have a good one. It'll be nice. How is it? Lee picking up a flawless PYT spot. Neil with three in mosaic fast break and Alexandra with a PYT, Dalton spot. There's a pool house, Regman. Hey, that's why they do it. Probably, Francisco Albrecht, they were like, bet the trend here. Watch, the twins will still lose this game somehow. Here's a playoff, the yaw curse. E.T. Talent, Jazz Chisholm. Let's see it. Hunter Henderson, former giant legend. Actually kind of a giant legend. Shohei, it's right, I think he was there for two of them, at least two of them. Could have been there for the third, I don't remember. More of a homebody now, I love that, dude. I'm a homebody as well. Unless I leave my house the happier I am. Is that for CBF? No, CBF is one of the few things that'll get me out for sure. The wave, we're about to bring back Cracker Barrel. It's Christopher Morrell. I don't think Cracker Barrel needs to come back. I think it's doing just fine. They're beast man. That is O'Neill Cruz, three of 10, going to the Pirates on the Black Eclipse Auto. Congrats to the Pirates, there we go. I'm sure I've hit one of those. Nice one there, so we've hit now one 10s. Not bad. I think they're Jeff for the 10 box Totten Basketball. Forest Moons, gifting five memberships. This guy. Ryan Nelson. Look at this man. This guy. Santa. And it's gracious. Mark, now a member. There's Nuggets of Contreras and Trish and Costas. That's Sunday fried chicken, man. Cool, man. That's true, George. Bobby becoming a member now, there's Michael Harris. Days and days. See who else is going to get membership status. Lee over at Guero to 10 as well. Jared with a membership too. Going on everybody. There we go. Nice, Guero, two Black Eclipses. Slim Jim. There's Gunnar Henderson. Slim Jim. Slim Jim, baby. Just follow their M83 over on Twitch. That is an Aqua, Equinox Riley Green 2199. I think I'm going to get the Sunday chicken next time. And by next time, I mean in a couple of days. Yeah, that is what the, it was the same chicken we had, just, is it like? You just go to the gravy. Yeah. Man, that was good. What's up, M83? Michael Harris. My name is Shado. James E. with a Bowman Chrome Spa. Thank you, buddy. What's up, man? Puka gifting five memberships. Let's go, Puka. Look at this, man. That is now 30 gifted memberships today. Michael C. with a gifted. Michael C. with a membership now. That's crazy. Ski from West Virginia. Josh Young with a membership now. I've had a couple of crazy people in West Virginia. Sitting at home and fried chicken. Now we're in my wheel. That's what I'm saying, Mark, dude. Raffi Devers. Lemon hammer. What are we coming at? Lemon hammer. Love it, dude. Again, check your membership perks. Everybody just got one. There's a 10% coupon if you want to join a group rate today. Orange is Paul Goldschmidt to 25 for the Cardinals. Tyler, 10 bucks, basketball spot. Manoa. Skrull with a membership as well. Curtis picking up some Panini Black spots tomorrow or just Texans, I should say, which is nice. Kind of force management. Oh, no. What are we doing? Oh, no. Jordan Walker rookie. That's a Yoshida to 199. Nice one there. Forrest does remind me of Yogi there. True. True. Protect Forrest. Let's say Nucleus Cole-Ragans, Logan O'Hopy. Again, 15 to go, everybody. 15 to go. Popscrow and Sapphire. Jayrod, 15 to go. On TC, Sapphire. All cards on this one. I have an all cards. Yep, all card ship. Yep. Most of the time. It probably says otherwise in the description. When you click on the place to purchase your break, it'll have that description. And it'll say that we either do like that base doesn't ship. Sometimes it gets split even. But for the stuff like this, it'll always be all card ship. Yeah, no problem, Evan. You got it, buddy. You got it. You got it. Empty. Again, 15 to go, everybody. Yeah, the Cosmic Supers are nasty. That hurts, you pulled with sick. Yeah, that's the only one I pulled, I think. I pulled the Senga, True Rookie, and then this one of Mookie Betts, which is kind of as the Otani, and Corbin Carroll. That's the sweet stuff in the night. Yeah, I like those. 15 to go, that's breaking next, everybody. Is PC Sapphire. Then we'll get iMac filled up, and then we'll be full for a little bit with 10 bucks now being full. Very nice. Thank you all. Adley and Morat Base. Nucleus of Stanton and Alejandro Kirk. This is Christian Yelch. What's up? What's his contract, man?  Legend is, his contract will outlive all current Yankee fans. That is Freddie Freeman, 199. What's up? It's an old mic. Yeah. Corbin Carroll. What's up, Rue? Rue, what up, dude? Blue is Zack Neto to 99. Nice one there, nice Juan there. Curtis with a 10 box spot as well. Nice one there in basketball. Brewers are Diamondbacks. I think I picked the Diamondbacks. Brewers are one of the hottest themes in baseball right now, though. They have Blue ET talent to 99 of Byron Buxton. What's up? I promise to have talent. Jayden Boulogne. That is Flamie Guerrero, Jr. Into the curve. There's Kyle Schwaber, I know. Obviously with situations aside, if Adamus was playing for the Wraith right now in the solid. Sorry to sort this up in Taylor. There's Brandon Lau, most likely. James Altman. Say Byron Buxton. And Trisha Tossis. Triple name depends on XT title. Wow. Trout, Freed, and last pack, the Break the Bugger. Sheetah and bass. Quick recap. Just the Andres Jimenez to 75 and O'Neill Cruz Black Eclipse Auto to 10 for the Pirates. Go for the break, guys. Thanks again for the pill. Up next is Sapphire.