We were looking at how we started looking at vertical dynamics and that is what we are going to do for the next 5, 6 classes and we already noted that there are two important things in vertical dynamics, two important things that we have to look at in vertical dynamics. One is what we call as right comfort and the other is what is called as road holding. So, right comfort and road holding are the two important things that we are going to see in this in this part of the lectures. Now of course, road holding for a common car may not be an issue, may be more for a formula cars, racing cars this becomes very important because of certain differences between the usual car that you drive and that of a car which is driven for say formula 1 racing. So, what is more important for of these two, what is more important for us is what is called as this right comfort. As we had done earlier in this course where we had looked at a bicycle model and looked at handling from a very simple model in order to understand the concepts and then we of course, we did some modifications to this models. We looked at the assumptions that we had made and then slowly removed that assumptions and then brought out a complete picture. Like that we are going to look at this right comfort from a very similar perspective and we are going to first put down a very simple model and then draw some conclusions. The point is this that there are a lot of assumptions in the simple models, is it that it is not valid? One of the first things you have to notice is that when you have a very complex model that you may put up in one of the commercially available softwares, carsome, adams and so on, they need to first have a model in order that we put it inside this softwares. So, a first cut, first analysis is always good to do that to do before we go to bigger models and that is why these models are important. Let us go straight away to this model. There are a number of names to these models. We will know as we go along what are the names to these models. We will look at what is called as a half car and a quarter car model. This is a very standard technique. You would have noticed that in your control system course where we will go to replace the system with spring mass damper or maybe even in your vibration course. So, that is our simple model. You would notice that the tires have been replaced with springs which I would call as the spring stiffness, K front tire, K rear tires. Notice that we have not put a damper to the tire though it looks very attractive, but usually the damping effects are neglected, not very high and it is neglected. This is what is called as our unsprung mass.  These are the stiffnesses and the damping characteristics of the suspension system. So, we will call that as K s f, C s f, K s rear, C s rear. That is the sprung mass and we will call that as m sprung mass and that we also include a J theta. Notice that we are going to have theta which is pitch can be considered as one of the degrees of freedom. So, we are also putting J theta in our analysis so that you know theta can be considered as in the analysis and we will follow the same thing as we had done before that is this distance A and that is the distance B from the front and the rear. The input to this is obviously the road input. So, we will call that as say road in the front and road at the rear. We assume here in this model, note this model what we have done is like we did you know compressing the bicycle model and so on. What we have done is to compress that and put it like this. So, in other words we are designing half the car. People call this sometimes as half car model because the other half is you know compressed and put into one thing. So, what is possible to have here is the pitch mode. We are not considering roll. In other words what we consider in this model or the assumptions that we make in the model is that the right input the right side of the tire input is the same as that of the left side of the tire both the inputs are the same or in other words the road is such that right and left side are the same here as well as here. So, of course this is a question of time that is the input into the model and we assume that there are displacements. Let us call this as Y1 and Y2 and let us just put the displacements here as Z1 and Z2 which can be expressed of course in terms of the what I will call as Z or ZS. In India we have a tendency to call Z as Z. So, you know why we are used to calling this as Z because Z is never used as Z you know if you get Z bra Z. So, if you notice that Z is always used as Z. So, the reason why usually people do not call this as Z, but they call it as Z. We are used to calling this as Z you know when I say see there are problems for some of you to follow what I mean. So, anyway so that is the Z1 and Z2. So, now what am I going to do very simple nothing great I am going to write down all the governing equations equilibrium equations which are going to be a second order differential equation that is all I am going to do. In fact you can write it down there is no issue. One what we are going to do of course I can write this in terms of ZS and theta or other words I can it is possible to relate both by means of this relationship or I can write it in terms of ZS and theta or in terms of Z1 and Z2. Now let me write down the equations the governing equations and you will understand what are the degrees of freedom. So, the first is so I said that again if I want I can change it that is all I want to know I want to state fine. Now let us consider each of these masses separately and write down the governing equations to it. And then of course these are the road inputs I just want to give you a small background to this road input. There is a tendency for people to just measure the road profile just measure the road profile measurement projects which I think couple of students have done before you may be 3-4 years ago. So, road profile measurements are done using laser sensors and so on. And there is a tendency to just input that straight away into this model is that correct is that right why it is not correct. No, that is correct, but I am saying a particular road where you are doing measurements okay I measure this I can do that using okay that is very good we are going to consider the speed correct tire acts as a filter okay. Now because tire that is what that is what is called envelopment characteristics of the tire. So, the tire as it goes okay is not going to be like this, but it is going to be like this okay and it is not in other words it is not the true representation of the road what the car sees is not the true representation of the road. So, when I when I put this RF and RR they are not road inputs which is usually called in many textbooks not that just the road profile, but it is the profile which the car sees after this high frequency filter called tire which filters off not due to not due to its stiffness characteristics we are not talking about that I have already put it here, but more due to the envelopment characteristics.  So, there are models you are correct there are models to understand and put that as an input okay this is a very important problem being tackled well in the entire models okay envelopment characteristics called if you go and look at Swift model okay then you will see that there is an envelopment characteristics is a part of the model, but that is very important. So, whatever model you put in it is very important that envelopment you understand what is envelopment envelopes okay that is what goes as an input that becomes very important. Let us let us now straight down straight away write down these equations now. So, ms into I would use that is equal to f front plus f rear which I have to be consistent that is why I have to refer to that nodes because I do not want to change my this let me call that as f1 and f2 okay. I have a tendency to change this you know I want to be careful if you do not understand anything okay.  So, what is the second equation j theta m moment equation j theta into theta double dot is equal to moments f1 into a minus f2 into b okay. So, the next equations two equations I am going to write for the unsprung mass the front and the rear okay. So, m unsprung mass the front y1 double dot is equal to so write down the force balance equations okay m uf right. So, m uf into y1 double dot ma write down the force terms k front tire multiplied by now that is a spring. So, all of them are rf so rf minus y1 all of them are function of time. So, I am just removing this t plus a k suspension in the front. So, there are two things here so y1 and the other side is z1 okay. So, z1 is written in terms of of course I already written that plus right. So, similarly I can write down m ur into y2 double dot is equal to krt into rr minus yn plus ksf into minus y2 I am going to I am not going to write down or derive every step because this is algebra I said that I told you already that you have to work out some of the steps that you have yeah oh sir okay what is happening to me. So, good let me see if you say that I just put it so that I want to know whether all of you are awake okay. So, all of you are listening and you are understanding that is very good okay what is f1 now write down f1 minus kfs into z1 minus y1 minus cfs into z1 dot minus y1 dot okay and f2 is equal to minus kr spring into z2 minus y2 minus cr spring then what else have you written that is right okay. Now as I said I am not I am not going to do the rearrangement every step obviously I am going to write this down into this by the way what are the degrees of freedom how many degrees of freedom are there 4 what are they y1 y2 z1 z2 or y1 y2 zs theta okay so the 4d so this is basically a 4 degree of freedom model okay let me prompt what I am going to do the first thing I am going to do is to cut this and make it into what is called as a quarter car model okay I am going to compress that and put that as one quarter car model okay. In fact more interestingly what I am going to do is to cut this and consider the masses to be distributed to the front and the rear in the same ratio as we had done before and then consider this as two quarter car models one to the front and one to the rear okay. So, what I am essentially going to do is to rearrange this okay rearrange it I am I am going to write down the results of course u is equal to r which is the load of course m is quite straight forward okay so that is that is quite straight forward you can see all the 4 what am I doing I am very simple 4 equations I am just rewriting it in a matrix form okay you know why I am doing it it is quite straight forward. So, the next is the C matrix rearrangement gives us note that I am going to replace z1 z2 and all that so rearrangement gives me something like this CFS plus CRS sorry A minus CRS B minus CFS minus CRS one of the things which I had pushed in without elaborating is that the spring stiffness is a constant in other words I had pushed when I wrote down this equation I had pushed that the spring is a linear spring which is definitely not the case with most of the suspension system it is a hardening spring okay so the suspension spring is not going to be a linear spring but as I told you we want to get the first cut results what we call as first cut results the reason why we have made these assumptions and that this is you know the damping is characterized by a simple number and the spring stiffness is characterized by a simple number right and the K matrix we will write down the K matrix here the results are very interesting unfortunately we cannot jump to the results so we have to you would see notice that it is very similar to C matrix because there is no C there for the tire that is that is missing the stiffness of the front tire and the rear tire okay. We can solve this not a big issue okay you have MATLAB okay you know if I give you the functions okay you can solve it but I am not going to do that okay as I said you want immediate some results so this is a complete half car model okay in fact just for fun of it write down equations for a full car model okay write down equation for full car model and it is possible to solve some very difficult and solve that as well but nevertheless you write it down just to get a feel of how we are going to deal with it in other words if you go to a full car model then you have a pitch then you have a roll right the other direction and then so for the body you have the z and then pitch and the roll right you can write it down now what I am going to do is to split this to get some very interesting results I am going to split this into two models or two quarter car models later you know I am going to consider a similar version of our half car model in order to understand okay more about this model. So the first thing is that this is what most of the companies do okay as a first cut why do they do it immediately if you want to look at suspension tuning if I want to look at optimized suspension okay then it becomes very simple to understand this right and so we use this for optimization of the suspension system so the first thing I am going to do is to look at what is called as the quarter car model as I told you before I am going to redistribute the mass right and put that front mass is equal to how do I put that B by L into this sprung mass and is equal to A by L into the sprung mass okay so now the equations are the same front and the rear so I am going to consider only one of them and put that M as M as a small M as and write down the equations okay. So how does this look like as I said I am going to cut it here so the front and the rear will have the same or similar or same equations only thing is you have to replace corresponding with the M as k front k rear and so on right so we will write down one common thing. So that is our sprung mass and then that is our suspension that is our unsprung mass that is my tire and the tire is you know on the road so that is my what is called as quarter car model so let me write down that is equal to as I told you this one we would call that as Z and that is Y minus C into Z dot minus Y dot I want you to check this is that correct of course that is KS that is C and that is KT is it positive is it correct or not and I know because I have few questions I mean last one of the earlier courses have been people are confused between say very easy when I put a force so when I have two things which are moving okay. So what happens when Z is more than Y that in other words this is positive okay what would happen let us just look at the spring Z is more than Y so what will happen pull down okay so the force will be in the negative direction so but my M is Z double dot is in the positive direction so I have to put a negative there right now your I know your question so any other question okay if you want write it like this if you want write it as MS is equal to force from the spring plus force from the damper okay and then write down right fine and so this is again note that we are looking at 2 degrees of freedom Z and Y of course R is the road input note that all of them are questions I mean are functions of time okay. Now I have to have a strategy to look at it why am I looking at this one I said that I want to optimize the suspension okay so in other words you can look at this simply from point of view of natural frequency determine the natural frequency okay and we will see we can optimize suspension and so on right in fact just want to state even before we go there so you will get okay in simple terms in terms of what you have studied you would see that there are two natural frequencies okay one is called as the wheel hop frequency and the other is the body frequency right but more important thing also is that I am going to write down the behavior or the ratio of the Y in terms of or Y to R and Z to R okay I am going to write that down. Now I am going to assume that this R is a complex exponential function which I would write that as R e power I say omega t okay as a complex exponential function this is you would have studied this already in controls okay so what is this system this is what is called as the linear time invariant system linear time invariant system nothing is going to change okay and that if your output is delayed input is delayed output is also correspondingly delayed and so on. The beauty of the system is that if I now give a complex exponential function like R e power I omega t the output is also a complex exponential with the same frequency but with a phase lag or phase difference with the phase right so let us call that as say for example this thing let us call that as Y e power I omega t plus phi okay which I would combine them together and write that as Y e power I omega t. So the Y is actually a complex function takes into account the phase as well right now why am I doing this or what is the use of this or what is how do I use this property called linear time invariant function that the complex exponential becomes a this is used how do we use it or why do we put it like this basically because whatever be the input can be split into in the time domain you can split it into complex exponentials or sum them up as complex exponentials okay. You had seen this for example in Fourier series right where you had a periodic function the periodic function was expressed in terms of sin n cos which are okay which can be expressed also in terms of complex exponentials okay that is for a periodic function you can also express say for example the road input as in terms of complex exponential in terms of a number of frequencies using another technique okay which is very well used called Fourier transforms okay and the way we are going to calculate that is what is what we are going to call that as fast Fourier transforms okay so a Fourier transform converts whatever be the input into a number of complex exponentials and hence if I now get a solution for one complex exponential okay and using this time superposition principle it is possible for me to get the output for a number of such complex exponentials so that is why I am interested in that complex exponential where y is also a complex function and so I write it like this alright with that background let us let me write down I am going to as I said quickly run through because we are running out of time there are lot of things to cover okay so input and output are of the same form substituted what do I do put that in the governing equation I am going to get omega squared here and so on you do that I am going to express this final form you know the two equations do that of course r is real so from which I am solving this and writing down z by r and y by r okay so that is z by r the same thing as denominator let me write that down as something like this d plus ic omega e where d is equal to expanding that though this looks formidable there is nothing that is difficult in this because of the number of terms it becomes it looks very complex okay so we are going to as is usually the case I am going to simplify it later minus okay so of course if you want a solution look at that everything is known it is straight forward there is nothing very difficult right notice also that both y and z are complex okay we will do the interpretation in the next class okay but let us first understand what it is so in other words the very first thing is that given an input the road input as a complex exponential I can find out what would be my the displacement at the unsprung mass position what is that so let me call that as g let us say gz let us call this as gy you know why I am calling that as gz and gy okay so y is given as r multiplied by gy multiplied by e of i omega t same fashion you can write down okay how do I suppose I want I give you this and I want you to do a test how would you do practically I want to you to measure this before we go further sorry this is too much of match too much of equations okay tell me what are you trying to do what is that ultimately I am interested in okay right that is the first question I am giving you a car and I want you to measure first thing is I do not even know you talked about road development characteristics I do not even know how I get this road development characteristics and so on okay so I okay give me a car let me first do some experiments to understand what is happening first question so what are the what are those things that you have as an equipment is a sensor in order to do an experiment you have an accelerometer right okay very good all of you have used accelerometers so the first thing you would do is yes I have an accelerometer a data equation system right so what do I do I put an accelerometer here and I put an accelerometer here and then start recording the acceleration levels so now acceleration levels are obviously can be determined this by this y dot is equal to i r g y i omega t e power i omega t and i square that is in other words from here and it is minus of this quantity minus of that point right so once you measure this suppose I want to know how much of how much of road input has gone in I have measured it in other words I know what this quantity is right for a let us say that I do f of t I do all those things let us say let us take one frequency I know what is gone in here so I can easily find out what is the because I know I measured that I know the other quantities I can find out what is my actually r so this this is a for a particular tire okay that is a constant and so I can use that for any other vehicle I can use r into e power i omega t as an input for the road right so the first thing is that from here I am interested to determine the acceleration right and I am going to look at how my tire is is filtering right and also more importantly how my suspension is filtering all that input right why I am interested in acceleration because you would later see that acceleration is the deciding factor for right comfort you would see that it is at the tolerance level for a human being would be expressed in terms of accelerations okay so that you can do it by measurement as well as you can do it by a quarter car model we are going to give a small twist to this it is it exactly acceleration is it something else we will we will come to that we will give a small twist to it but nevertheless from here what we are interested in is the acceleration right if you want the magnitudes of z and r we will we will finish this class with that magnitudes of z and r of course you know how to get the magnitude get the real imaginary root of real plus imaginary so that is the two vertical magnitudes magnitude of acceleration for these two are given by omega squared multiplied by this omega squared multiplied by that would give you the two magnitude of acceleration levels clear any questions here wait wait wait you are you are right you are absolutely right you know the problem in this is that I have to derive it I have to show you the equation and then come to interpretation I know slightly impatient to why are you doing this right that is why I immediately jumped and talked about acceleration you are absolutely right that this is what we are talking about road profile is a spatial or in time domain okay it is sorry not spatial but is in the time domain is in the okay as a as a matter of distance spatial domain right it is a matter of distance actual profile right when I put this as an input I am converting the spatial domain into time domain so what is that linking factor speed so what is that you get you know we will with with the last statement we will finish this class okay so what is that you get you see that if I go in the same road very important point you brought out we will see go in the same road at different speeds and different speeds I am not going to get obviously the same output very simple you see that every day right at particular speeds you would see that suddenly your car starts jumping and after sometime it will come down okay so when is it going to jump that is an important question okay that is what we are going to see right so in other words for the same road speeds give you different okay inputs with respect to time absolutely correct how is it we will see that in the next class that does that answer your question come again so the speeds are important I have not yet tied tied this up okay speeds are important because speeds how put that down you know the velocity in terms of meters per second you know the spatial distribution terms of you know distances as meters connect them together and we will see that in the next class right.


Welcome to my video of game hunting in Los Angeles. I will show you everything that I did in California. My first trip to the United States ever. This video is sponsored by Epic Games. Thank you. I will take you through all of the game stores that I went to. I will show you my trip to the Universal Studios and the Super Nintendo World. Also Harry Potter Land.  I'll tell you about the rather creepy story about us accidentally going through one of the most dangerous neighborhoods in Los Angeles. So my vlogging starts out with us traveling from Hosta to Oslo which means not the Norway down to the capital of Norway which we always have to do when we want to travel anywhere. And then later boarding a Dreamliner with Norse and it's the biggest plane that I've ever been on by far. It was a 10 and a half hour long flight making our total travel time about 25 hours until we reached the hotel. It was exhausting to say the least. I was traveling with my sister and we stayed at a hotel called Mama Shelter located pretty near the Hollywood Walk of Fame area. The hotel was good and I can recommend it. And the Hollywood sign is visible from the roof bar area. I had American pancakes of course and I found a grocery store to get some water. Looking at American groceries for my first time too. So my first impression of Los Angeles is that it is a big city. It's the biggest city I have ever been to. Now this video is sponsored by Epic Games and they sent over a mystery package and I swear I do not know what's in this package but they wanted us to figure out this mystery together. Me and you. So this is a mystery I want you guys to also follow along with. It's regarding Alan Wake 2 and you can still pre-order Alan Wake 2 with my link down below. So here are the two items they want me to check out. It's FBI sealed. I'm very much looking forward to Alan Wake 2 now. Oh cute. Look at that. World's greatest FBI agent. So this is the mystery file that we're gonna solve. Welcome to the FBI. Your first assignment is an administrative task. It contains case files concerning an ongoing murder investigation. You are to examine and cross reference the catalog of files. You will identify any potential links to the evidence that may have been missed by more experienced agents. The following items to assist you includes in this welcome pack. FBI badge and lanyard to prove you are an official member of the agency. Oh my god. Good one. Special Agent Isha. Very, very good. Plastic gloves. Do not contaminate the evidence. Wear during the task. FBI notepad and pen. Document any of these references you may find in the files. Handheld UV light to uncover any case links that may have been missed. Pins, red string, post-it notes and blue tack for use when cross referencing files. I will contact you later. Look forward to working with you. So this is the start of the investigation. What do you guys make of this? We needed to dim down the lights because we are looking for clues when it comes to this murder investigation. We are being thorough and we have a flashlight and we are going to get to the bottom of this murder. I am not able to find anything suspicious in this first package. Maybe the mystery will unfold much more next time. I will be unboxing the next case file in my next video. So stay tuned for that. You can still pre-order Alan Wake 2 with my link down below. Until later. The next day we did all the most touristy things you can imagine. Like going to the Hollywood wax museum. The entry fee was kind of overpriced. But I feel like once you're there you just gotta do that. The dolls were quite realistic and scary. I found my boy Brad Pitt and Tom Hanks pretty satisfied with that. I had a little chat with Audrey Hepburn and I saw Morgan Freeman, Cameron Diaz and so many other people like Clint Eastwood, Elvis and then there was this pop star room trippy stuff. There are supposedly at least two wax museums on Hollywood Boulevard. This street, this famous street. But we only went to this one. And then we walked out to do some star hunting on the Walk of Fame. We found Sandra Bollock, Keanu Reeves, Mary Kate and Ashley Olsen, Britney Spears and there are over 250 stars on the street. So I mean if you are looking for someone in particular that is gonna take a whole day. Heading into a huge souvenir shop. There is a Hollywood mug and some cute Kirby stuff. I mean look at this mug. I was really close on buying this but I couldn't risk it. You know being broken in my suitcase. Traveling home. But it was definitely cute. And a Paper Mario mug and guys, yeah. I'm looking forward to the new Paper Mario, the remake of Thousand Year Door. Loved that announcement. That is one of the better Paper Mario games. Really excited for that. And then we randomly got into a guided tour bus of sorts. Taking a trip around the gated communities at Beverly Hills. Where the guide showed us where a bunch of celebrities lives. Which was cool because then we got to see several parts of the area in a very speedy time. And we got to see places that we wouldn't have otherwise. And let me tell you, the contrast between the rich and the poor, it couldn't be any bigger. The next day we went to the Alan Wake 2 event which I was invited by Epic Games to attend. But before that we were trying to check out some local video game stores. And I picked out four locations on Google Maps that was pretty near the event location. So at first we went to this place. It is near downtown Los Angeles at the Little Tokyo Mall. And we went into this store called Retro Game Camp or World 8. And we of course asked the manager, at least I assume he was the manager, that it was okay if we could film in there and we could. So I made the rounds and immediately checked out the PS Vita section. And I noticed that they had Rare Neptunia Limited editions that I don't have yet. Tons of Rare and niche games too. This was a good store. And of course, Faye Farm. Faye Farm. Which is the game that I'm currently playing still. And I am playing it now on the Switch as a side note. I started playing it on PC but then I now I'm playing it on the Switch. It's fine on the Switch if you're wondering. Highly recommend that. And I had to look at all the Switch games. A lot of current gen and also a ton of retro games like GameCube, PlayStation, Xbox, you name it. I could easily spend an hour in here just looking at all the stuff. Great story you have. Do you happen to have PAL games? Europe. We don't. You don't. We don't get them a lot. Oh yeah. Every once in a while we'll get some in. Norway. Norway? I'm Norwegian. Norway. Well, my family. Okay. You know Norwegian? I don't know. No. Fellow Norwegian. I want to go there. Go to Norway and see the Northern Lights. That's what I hear. Small world. Like, how do you f*** this up? Yeah, Fettelul. Fettelul? Yeah, good. Which way? This way? Yeah. Look, here's ours. And I decided to grab Ragnarok Odyssey for $15, which is a Japanese version of Ragnarok Odyssey. But it's again that I have been looking at for quite some time. It's supposedly a really good JRPG on the PS4. And I was of course also very tempted at all the rare titles for the PS4. And the guy that worked there, I assume he is the manager. He gave me a handwritten list of all of the best video game stores in Los Angeles according to him. So you can post this video right here and have a look at that if you ever take the trip, I mean. All the stores, it's like territories. We don't want to encroach on anyone else's territory. So they're very spread out. And this is your territory? Or is it? We got downtown. We got K-town. Oh yeah. Say hi to your grandparents. I'll tell you this was the best store because after this we did what Google Maps said. And we started walking towards the next nearest video game store according to Google Maps, also dropping in on a random anime merch store for a bit because I saw a Genshin Impact character. But you know what? I guess Google is wrong sometimes because there was no video game store at the next point, which I had mapped out for us. So I mean, I can confirm that at this location there is nothing. So we are making our way down to the third and last option that we had planned out. We went to this store, which is called LA Video Games, and it is perhaps not the very best store ever, but it wasn't terrible either. It had a ton of current GEN stuff and I have also been meaning to pick up a new set of Joy-Cons, which I did. These pink and yellow ones. I'm very happy with those. $70, which is actually less than in Norway. Otherwise there are a lot of toys and figurines and speakers too. And time flew by so fast that at this point I was like, we need to go to the event now. And I found a shortcut on Google Maps. So I was like, yeah, we have to go that way. Little did I know that we accidentally went through one of the most dangerous neighborhoods of Los Angeles. The Skid Row. But it was daytime and we ran. Then we went to the event and I will talk more about the event later in another video. Now the next day, the last full day, we took a lift as close to the Hollywood sign as we can possibly get by car and it was on this location and it was a perfect spot to have pictures taken with the sign. And then we went to the Universal Studios Amusement Park. A huge, beautiful amusement park with a ton of stores, joy rides, restaurants, small shops, ice cream, everything that you can think of. And also a ton of Nintendo stores. So much merch. Just about anything you can imagine. What a wonderful place this was. So you know what? I had a wonderful time at the Universal Studios. This is a place that can easily take up a whole day and it was just the best day. If you ever take the trip, make sure you are prepared and bring cash because you're gonna want stuff. Definitely. And oh my god, I went into the Harry Potter land. They have built Hogsmead. It's like playing Hogwarts Legacy, remember? That we were obsessed with earlier this year. They built Hogsmead, the actual street with stores and you go into the stores and they're actually stores. It was so freaking mind blowing. I mean all the detail that went into this place, it was absolutely amazing. And they even built freaking Hogwarts. It was huge.  I cannot describe it. No YouTube video is ever making this place justice. It is to be experienced. And then finally we went into the Super Nintendo world which is the Nintendo world that they have built. We went into the Toadstool Cafe which is an actual cafe. Got a sippy cup like this. Nintendo land was really well made and the lines were not too terrible. We went, what was it? Thursday? But it wasn't too bad. This place was also impressive. Maybe a bit small? But it was impressive. I had a lot of fun at the Universal Studios.  This was quite the day that I will not soon forget. But you know, the next day we travelled home. It was really good to be back in Norway.  I'm so grateful that I made it home again. So a summary of my trip. I can highly recommend if you are ever taking the trip. I mean, to make it to the Universal Studios and do all of the things that I just described. It was such a day. And also visit that first video game store with a good manager. I hope you're watching this. That was good stuff. You know what? He recognized me from Metal Jesus Rocks. And he was like, yeah. And I was like, do you watch, do you watch happy console game? And he was like, yeah, Johnny. Oh yeah, Jason. You were on there? Yeah, I was in Metal Jesus Rocks. That's it. I did see you. Really? Yeah, yeah. Jason, yeah. Yeah, Jason. Do you know happy console game or two? Yeah, Johnny. Up in Canada. I know, right? Yeah. I can also recommend the Mama Shelter Hotel. And also highly recommending having the lift up installed. That was a savior also. Also, you have to tip everyone because it's the culture. Now, this is what I picked up at the Universal Studios. Love it. Also the sippy cup. And of course, Ragnarok Odyssey. And the beautiful joy cons, pink and yellow. It was fun to share this stuff with you. And you people are asking me to vlog more. Definitely trying to provide that sometimes. It was a fun travel. Thank you so much for watching. And I will see you later.


Okay. Why don't we go ahead and get started? I'd like to start the open session of what is the 70th meeting of the National Advisory Council for Human Genome Research. I would note this is actually my 13th council since I became director, so this must be an unlucky one. On the other hand, on the other hand, the very first one was snowed out, although we did it by phone. So maybe this is the 12th that even does an in-person one. So maybe it's the next one that'll be the unlucky one. I don't know. I'll tell you the other thing I was thinking about this council meeting. This was what I called the What If Council meeting. Because it seemed we went through two rounds of What Ifs. As council members know, back in December, we started getting nervous. We'd dare face another government shutdown and would not have a rippling effect. That would influence our ability to have a council meeting in February. So we had a What If, and we had a scenario built in that if we did have another shutdown early this year, what we would do to deal with that consequence with respect to this council meeting. Then about a week ago, we heard there might be a bad snowstorm, which reminded me of my first council meeting, brought back memories of that. So we had a What If scenario. What would we do if there was a bad snowstorm? People couldn't get here. But neither of those circumstances came to be. So here we are, 70th meeting. So turn this over to Rudy. Eric, I'd like to suggest we call this one the 12th and call the next one the 14th. There are. God, it's done. We're scientists. We're scientists. We don't believe in that. That's probably not legal, but we'll go for it anyway. Okay, well, this is the inaugural meeting for an incoming group of council members, and so we're going to do introductions to our four new members. Let's start with Eric Boerwinkel. He is professor and holds the title of the Kosmetzky Family Chair in Human Genetics. He is the director of the Institute for Molecular Medicine's Center for Human Genetics and the director of the Division of Epidemiology in the School of Public Health. And I think he wears all of those hats at the University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston. He is also the associate director of the Human Genome Sequencing Center at the Baylor College of Medicine. Eric has served on multiple national advisory boards, including service to the Institute of Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NHGRI, and the University of Nancy in France, if I remember my high school French correctly, and multiple peer review panels for NIH. Eric was trained in statistics and genetic epidemiology, and he has a longstanding interest in the genetic analysis of common diseases such as hypertension, lipid metabolism, coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, and more recently Alzheimer's disease. Eric, welcome to the council. Dr. Shanita Hughes-Halbert is professor and she holds the AT&T Distinguished Endowed Chair in Cancer Equity. She is program leader of the Cancer Prevention and Control Program at the Hollings Cancer Center at the Medical University of South Carolina in Charleston. Shanita is a member of the Minorities and Cancer Research Council of the American Association of Cancer Research, and she has served on an impressive list a number of national advisory or review panels, including Board of Scientific Advisors for the National Cancer Institute, Department of Defense Panels on Breast and Ovarian Cancer, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Breast Cancer and the Environment, and multiple panels for NHGRI and NCI, including chairing the LC study section for a number of years, which is the good old days to me and Shanita. Shanita was trained in psychology and her research interests have focused on psychosocial issues and genetic testing with a particular interest in BRCA 1 and 2 testing. She has explored perception and attitude differences among racial and ethnic groups, and more recently she has worked on health disparities research by developing interventions to improve health outcomes in prostate and breast cancer patients and underserved populations of South Carolina. Welcome, Shanita. Dr. Marty Kreitman is professor in the Department of Ecology and Evolution at the University of Chicago. Marty is the recipient of the National Science Foundation's Presidential Investigator Award, as well as a MacArthur Fellowship, and he is an elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He has served as associate editor or editor-in-chief for multiple prominent scientific journals, and he has an impressive record of peer review service for NIH. Marty's research has involved the use of Drosophila and Arabidopsis as model organisms to do studies in population genetics. His current research examines plant resistance to bacterial disease to probe the molecular adaptation process, and using genomic sequence information from a dozen strains of Drosophila to study the evolution of transcription factor binding sites. Welcome, Marty. Dr. David Page is professor of biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator, and director of the Whitehead Institute. David is a recipient of a MacArthur Fellowship, and he's a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, a member of the National Academy of Sciences, and a member of the Institute of Medicine. David has an impressive service record, particularly to NIH. He is a former member of this council. He chaired the Blue Ribbon Review Panel of the NHGRI Intramural Research Program two years ago, and he has chaired multiple major review panels for NHGRI, including a multi-year stint as the chair of the Genome Research Review Committee. More good old days for me and David. David has been a world leader in defining the structure of the Y chromosome, including its DNA sequence, mapping and identifying the function of genes on the Y chromosome, including those associated with human diseases, and defining the evolutionary history of the Y chromosome. Welcome back, David. We need to welcome our council liaisons, Ellen Giarelli from the International Society of Nurses and Genetics, Joe McInerney from the American Society of Human Genetics, James O'Leary from the Genetic Alliance, Rhonda Schaunberg from the National Society of Genetic Counselors, and Mike Watson from the American College of Medical Genetics. And thank you, Bob. We have some new employees at NHGRI and our practice is to introduce them to the council members so you can associate a name with a face. So when I call your name, would you please stand in the back? Dr. Larry Brody? Larry is not new to the institute, new to the extramural research program. Larry is the new director of the Division of Genomes and Society. Until recently, Larry was the chief of the Genome Technology Branch at NHGRI Intramural Research Program, but he has resigned that position to make room for new challenges as the director of genomes and society. Larry retains his title as senior investigator in the Intramural Research Program, and he will continue his research to map genetic variants associated with birth defects, including neural tube defects. Dr. Carolyn Hutter? Carolyn is a program director in the Division of Genomic Medicine. Carolyn is working on the Cancer Genome Atlas and the Clinical Exploratory Sequencing Research or CSER program. In her life before NHGRI, Carolyn was a program director at the National Cancer Institute, and her background is in epidemiology and biostatistics. Dr. Jennifer Troyer? Jennifer is a program director in the Division of Genome Sciences and is working on the H3Africa Initiative. Prior to coming to NHGRI, she was a senior scientist at the Science Applications International Corporation, SAIC in Frederick, where she worked on genomic technology development, including next-gen sequencing methods and bioinformatics. Steven Weiss? Steven is our new administrative officer. He comes to us from NCI, where he worked for several years, and his primary efforts will be to work with the good people in the Division of Extramural Operations. And Sabrina Williams? Sabrina is our new program, our new administrative assistant. She works at the front desk and generates lots of internal reports that are important for NHGRI staff to track grant applications. We have a couple of, thank you, Sabrina. We have a couple of guests. Guests, Tabitha Hendershott is from RTI International. Welcome, Tabitha. And Joanne, good night from the Jackson Labs. Thank you, Joanne. Okay, so that's it for introductions. I'd like to now ask the Council if they have any comments or corrections to be made to the minutes from the September 2013 meeting. Riveting reading, I'm sure. Okay, so can we have a motion to accept the minutes? And a second? All in favor? Anybody opposed? 100% on the on the minutes. I want to draw your attention on the open session agenda to the future Council meeting dates. We're still waiting to hear about February 2016. But please share these dates with your assistants and make sure they get on to your calendars. If you develop or notice a schedule conflict, please contact both me and Comfort Brown. And I think with that I'm ready to turn it over to Eric, Director.


Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankaray's Academy. Today is Day 2 of Shankaray's Academy's Free Main Scholarship Test 2020. The question for today has been given in the end of the analysis. These are the list of news articles we have taken for today's analysis and the page numbers of different editions of the newspaper. The link for the handwritten notes in the PDF format and the timestamping of the discussed articles are provided in the description box and also in the comment section for the benefit of mobile phone viewers. Now let us move on to the analysis of the first article. This lead editorial article is with reference to India's foreign policy. In this column, the author tries to explain the challenges faced by India in terms of foreign policy and also the reasons for the recent fallout of India's relations with its neighbors. The syllabus relevant for the analysis of this editorial is highlighted here for your reference. First, the author analyzes the current global standing of India compared to, say, 10 to 15 years ago. Talking about India's neighborhood, author says that India was the de facto leader or the actual leader of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation. India has historical and cultural ties with Nepal and it also enjoyed traditional goodwill and influence in Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. In Afghanistan, India made significant investments and has cultivated very good ties with the post-Taliban stakeholders, that is, the governments that are formed in Afghanistan after the Taliban rule. Not just that, India was committed to multilateralism and also to the Central Asian Connectivity Project with Iran as its gateway. With respect to China, India was competing and cooperating at the same time. This assumes significance because the long border between the two countries largely remained peaceful for decades. Now let's come to the present. Firstly, China has reportedly changed the status quo along the line of actual control in the western sector of India-China border to its favor.  And this is said to be the fatalities for the first time in the last 45 years along the India-China border. And Sark has become out of context after the Uri terror attack that happened in September 2016. Coming to Nepal, it has turned hostile and has adopted a new map and revived border disputes with India. Coming to Sri Lanka, it has tilted towards China because of China's debt trap diplomacy. Bangladesh, a traditional partner of India, is clearly not happy with the passage of Citizenship Amendment Act of 2019 and when Afghanistan is undergoing a major transition, India is not even a party to the demilitarizing process in Afghanistan. Now with respect to Chabahar and Central Asian connectivity project, Iran has reportedly dropped engaging India citing funding and development delay from Indian side. With all these things happening and China attempting to alter the status quo, Arthur feels that India is perhaps facing its gravest national security crisis in 20 years. Now the question is why or how India's foreign policy suffered a major setback. Arthur notes three reasons. One is a closer alignment of policy with that of United States, then coupling or linking of foreign policy with domestic politics and hubris or misplaced confidence. The first reason is a very close alignment of policy with that of United States. India's official policy is that India is committed to multilateralism. Now even after India started to move away from the non-alignment, India did maintain strategic autonomy to remain as bedrock of its policy thinking. But in the recent past, the author states that there has been a steady erosion in India's strategic autonomy. See, to counter China, India started moving closer to the United States and steadily aligned its foreign policy with the US interests. The best example is Iran. See, India started interacting with Iran on Chabahar port around 2003. But within a year, India kind of abandoned it as India started engaging with the United States. At that time, India needed US support with reference to signing civil nuclear deal. At that time, an acceptance from US mean India has a responsible nuclear power. These things were there, so we required US support. And between 2003 to 2014, in the year 2009, India even voted against Iran with respect to a resolution of International Atomic Energy Agency on the controversial nuclear program in Iran. And India also backed out from Iran-Pakistan-India gas pipeline project because of worsening US-Iran ties on one side and also because of closer Pakistan-China ties on the other. Now, coming to 2015, when Iran signed the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, otherwise called Iran Nuclear Deal, the sanctions on Iran were to some extent removed. Only then, India started engaging with Iran and a major push was given with reference to developing Chabahar port. In 2016, India agreed on a trilateral track with Iran and Afghanistan as well, wherein India would develop Chabahar and engage in Iran going forward with building railway and road networks, at least towards connecting with Afghanistan. This strategic plan was to make India a potential role-player in the duration scenario and also in Afghanistan. Once again, India because of pressure from United States, India was seen slowly moving with its development works in Iran. See, in 2003, India and Iran were closer. Immediately, India became less engaging because of US and the same thing happened again from 2016-17 with a new regime in United States with Mr. Trump as the President. Now, this confused two and four actions of India is also because of India's deepening defence and military ties with the United States. See, India was announced as a major defence partner of the United States in the year 2016. US wants India to play a bigger role in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific region to contain China's rise. India has been cautious by not becoming an ally of the United States, but it has steadily deepened military-to-military cooperation in the recent past. One example in this regard, we can say in the month of August 2016, India and US signed the Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agreement. Arthur feels that the close relations of India with US is one of the main reasons behind escalated tensions among India and China. China may now consider India as an ally of US and it may try to shift the border status quo to its favour. Now, the second reason why India suffered a setback in its foreign policy is because of new changes in domestic policy. One is the passing of Citizenship Amendment Act 2019 and the second is the abrogation of special status of the erstwhile state of Jammu Kashmir. Experts say that CAA and NRC exercise has dented India's relations with its Muslim majority neighbours at some levels even among the population in the Gulf Cooperation Council as well. This is because of regionalisation of domestic problems of countries in India's neighbourhood. So these countries are kind of upset with India's move. Coming to the second one here, the abrogation of Article 370 and bifurcation of the erstwhile state of Jammu Kashmir. On one side, it has led to prolonged curfews or restrictions and suspension of fundamental rights in the Kashmir Valley. Even today it is reported that Jammu Kashmir, the union territory, has only 2G connectivity as 3G and 4G are still reportedly are still suspended. This move has affected India's democratic and human rights credentials at some levels and it is even considered that bringing Ladakh directly under the central government rule is another factor that has caused the Chinese aggression. Now the third reason for setback in India's policy is because of huge risk or misplaced confidence. Authorists of opinion that misplaced confidence is not good for rising powers or emerging powers like India. This is because great powers, they wait to establish their standing before declaring that they have arrived at the global level. For example, you take Soviet Union, it started acting like a superpower only after it won in the Second World War. China waited for four decades, focused on its economic rise before it started taking on the mighty United States. They said that since 1970s China focused almost entirely on its economic rise. Now coming to India, experts say that at the domestic level we say we are doing very well in terms of economy. But at the international level, say in world trade organizations, we fight for developing country status. While at the same time we also project ourselves as leaders in many spheres. Author says that some misplaced confidence is attached here. So India has to learn from Soviet Union and China in this regard. In the conclusion, author says that to address the current crisis, India has to reconsider its foreign policy trajectory. While India is a big power with one of the world's biggest militaries and a natural naval force. In that terms, it does not lack resources to claim what is its due in the global politics. Then where is India lacking? India is lacking in having a strategic depth in its foreign policy. What do we mean here by depth? See, this is related to having a policy that will bring our neighbors in close cooperation with us and not with China. At the same time, not compromising Indian interests abroad, say for example, how recently things happened in Iran. So these are the opinions of the author. So finally he calls that India should realign its foreign policy to suit its best interests at the same time, not losing neighboring partners. These are some of the important information with reference to the analysis of this lead editorial. Now let's move on to the analysis of next news article. This editorial article is with reference to draft environment impact assessment notification 2020, which is in public domain for getting the opinion of the public. If in the same manner it comes into effect, it will replace the environment impact assessment notification 2006. We have been hearing news about the campaign against this draft EIA notification organized by several environmentalists and non-governmental organizations working for the environmental rights. In this analysis, we will be discussing some contentious provisions from this draft EIA notification. The syllabus relevant for the analysis is highlighted here for your reference. Now, as we know, the objective of any environment impact assessment is to foresee or to predict the potential environmental and livelihood impacts of a particular project. This will be done at the early stage of project planning and design. The assessment will help the authorities involved and stakeholders to address the possible negative impacts by formulating mitigation measures or impact reduction measures. So in that manner, it ensures sustainable development by balancing both economic and environmental growth. So now what are the concerns about this draft EIA? See, one of the things is that the proposed draft, it reduces the period for public hearing, which includes submission of proceedings of public hearing. This period is reduced from 45 days to 40 days. The notification says that the public hearing shall be completed by the State Pollution Control Board or Unitary Pollution Control Board within a period of 40 working days from the date of receipt of request letter from the project proponent. Apart from this, the minimum notice period provided for the public to submit their responses in relation to public hearing is also reduced from a period of 30 days to 20 days. See, while we need development projects, it should not be at the cost of environment and the people's livelihood. A very important tool against harmful project is public opinion. But defenders of environmental rights, they allege that the proposed draft in effect reduces the time of public scrutiny of a project. Now the next concern is with reference to section 26 of the draft, which talks about exception of certain projects from prior environmental clearance or permission. Now we can see projects like coal and non-coal mineral prospecting, then cease-mix surveys for exploration of offshore and onshore oil and gas, which also include exploration of coal bed methane on shale gas on some lands. The notification deals with public consultation under section 14. It gives a list of projects that are exempted from public consultation. Now for example, this includes modernization of several irrigation projects, all projects concerning national defense and security, or projects involving strategic considerations as determined by the central government. These are all exempted from public consultation. Then the draft also retains a contentious class from the 2006 notification. It states that if the public agency or authority feels that because of local situation, it is not possible to conduct the public hearing, then the process of public consultation in the case need not include public hearing. Now the environmentalists allege that this provision could be arbitrarily used to avoid public hearing. So this compromises two cornerstones of any climate discussion which are public scrutiny and transparency. Now another criticism is the provision in the draft which allows for post-facto regularization of environmental violations. Now this means if a project operates in an area without getting prior environmental clearance, that particular project could be regularized in the future. The legalization or regularization of projects that violates environmental norms after paying a particular amount as fine is said to cause institutionalization of violations. So it also goes against the spirit of carnal principle of prior environmental clearance itself. So therefore activists argue that the pollute and pay principle has the potential to deeply degrade our environment. Now the next concern raised is with reference to increase in the validity of the environment clearances that are to be granted. For example if you take mining projects as against 30 years of validity in the current framework, it is proposed to be increased to 50 years. The validity for river valley projects is increased to 15 years from 10 years in the present framework. Now we should know that mining in forest areas and say river valley projects if not managed well they can cause irreversible damages to the environment and to the public. So these are some of the information with reference to the draft environment impact assessment notification. With these points the authors opinion is that much of the proposed EAA system can only make things worse. Meaning we are retreating from the progress is made so far that is why the article is titled as in reverse gear. Therefore the draft EAA in its present format should not be pushed through that is the call of the author. However we will have to wait and see how far the draft will be modified by the government before publishing the final notification in the gueset. In this analysis we saw about some of the contentious provisions of the proposed draft EAA notification. Now let us move on to the analysis of next news article. This news article is with reference to the opposition faced by the personal data protection bill 2019 from some members of parliament. In this regard we will discuss some aspects of this bill and also the contentious provisions in it. The syllabus relevant for the analysis is highlighted here for your reference. Now that at present the usage and transfer of personal data is regulated by IT rules 2011. Called as the IT rules reasonable security practices and procedures and sensitive personal data or information rules under the IT Act of 2000. We know that the use of IT is rapidly increasing in the society and also the technology itself is getting updated in a very fast pace. So it is very important to amend the legal provisions to protect the individuals in the society from the harms posed by the technology transfer of data. In this regard the data protection bill was introduced in parliament to provide protection of the privacy of individuals relating to their personal data. The bill also seeks to specify the flow and usage of personal data to protect the rights of individuals whose personal data are processed. It lays down norms for social media intermediaries then cross-border transfer of personal data and also accountability of entities that process personal data. The bill provides remedies for unauthorized and harmful processing of personal data. It also seeks to establish a data protection authority of India whose main duty among others is to protect the interests of data principles to prevent any misuse of personal data and to ensure compliance with the provisions of this Act and to promote awareness about data protection. Here when we say data principle we are referring to the natural person to whom the personal data relates to. The rights of data principles include seeking confirmation on whether their personal data has been processed and also including seeking correction and completion or erasure of their data as well. It also includes restricting the continuing disclosure of their personal data in case it is no longer necessary or if the consent earlier given is withdrawn. However there are some exceptions which have become bone of contention with regard to this bill. See as per the bill processing of personal data is exempt from the provisions of the bill in some cases. It states that government can by order exempt any of its agencies from the application of provisions of this Act. This is in the interest of security of state, sovereignty and integrity of India, friendly relations with foreign countries and one term we can find here is public order. This term is not defined in the bill and this gives room to wider interpretations as well. See under this section the central government can direct all or any of the provisions of this Act shall not apply to any agency of the government in respect of processing of such personal data. In such scenario how far getting consent to access individuals data will be adhered to by these agencies remains a question. So this gives government a free hand to use personal data in certain circumstances that is criticized. Coming to section 36 it says that processing of personal data is exempted from the provisions of the bill for certain purposes like prevention of any offence or investigation and prosecution of any offence with reference to research and also journalistic purposes. Then the personal data of individuals can be processed without their consent in certain circumstances. This includes the state processing personal data for providing benefits to the individual. Then it also includes use of data for legal proceedings or to respond to a medical emergency. These are two important sections that has raised or become bone of contention with reference to this data protection bill 2019. The opposition is that these provisions with lesser restrictions at present may be misused in violation of civil liberties of an individual or could be used in violation of civil liberties of an individual. So in this regard we should know that Supreme Court has held that right to privacy is a fundamental right. So when the data protection bill becomes an act it should align with the case law of Justice Putta Swami versus Union of India in 2017 wherein the Supreme Court held that right to privacy is a fundamental right. So these are some of the information with reference to the analysis of this news article. Now let us move on to next part of the discussion. This news article talks about the response of the central government in Supreme Court in connection with bunch of petitions which asked to transfer funds accrued in PM CARES fund to National Disaster Relief Fund. See the government maintained in Supreme Court that PM CARES fund is a public charitable trust to which anyone can contribute. And there is a misconception that contributions received by a public trust like PM CARES can be transferred to a statutory fund like National Disaster Relief Fund. In this regard let us discuss some differences between National Disaster Relief Fund and PM CARES fund. The NDRF is a financial mechanism which is set up under Disaster Management Act of 2005 at the national level. The funds under this NDRF is used to meet rescue and relief expenditure during any disaster. Also every state is also having its own state disaster response fund. So NDRF and SDRF they have a statutory backing under Disaster Management Act of 2005. Now coming to PM CARES it is a public charitable trust. PM CARES stands for Prime Minister's Citizen Assistance and Relief in Emergency Situations Fund. It was set up to have a dedicated national fund with a primary objective so as to deal with any kind of emergency or distress situation. Unlike NDRF, PM CARES lacks a statutory backing. We have to note that in PM CARES fund Prime Minister is the ex-officio chairman and Union Ministers of the Portfolios of Defence, Home Affairs and Finance are ex-officio trustees of this fund. Now let's see how funds are allocated to NDRF and PM CARES. NDRF is funded mainly through budget resources and also through any grants that may be made by any person or institution for the purpose of disaster management. And the national calamity contingency duty imposed on some specified goods are also passed on to this fund. But if you take PM CARES fund it consists entirely of voluntary contributions from individuals or organizations. And the contributions made to PM CARES fund they qualify for 100% exemption under the Income Tax Act of 1961. Now let's see how these funds are used. See NDRF is meant to provide for immediate relief in case of severe calamity and these funds are primarily used to meet the expenses for emergency response relief and rehabilitation. And they are primarily not used for projects related to preparedness and mitigation because for preparedness and mitigation there is a separate fund called as National Disaster Mitigation Fund under section 47 of Disaster Management Act of 2005. On the other hand if you take PM CARES fund these are spent on relief or assistance of any kind relating to a public health emergency or any other kind of emergency. It includes calamity or distress which can be either manmade or natural. Funds can also be utilized for the creation or upgradation of healthcare facilities, pharmaceutical facilities, other necessary infrastructure, research activities and any other type of support. It can also be used for mitigation purposes. Now coming to the audit mechanism. See the accounts of NDRF are audited by the Comptroller and Auditor General of India. But as of now as per the stand of central government PM CARES fund is not to be audited by Comptroller and Auditor General. Therefore even the article reports that PM CARES fund though contributed by anyone voluntarily it is not subject to public scrutiny. But note that on these issues the Supreme Court is expected to give a final direction or decision. So these are some of the information with reference to the analysis of this news article. Now let's move on to next part of the discussion. This news article talks about the rise in number of tigers in Nagarjuna Sagar Sri Sailam Tiger Reserve. Authorities mentioned that remarkable rise in numbers is because of persistent efforts through local community, intense patrolling and conservation methods. In this context let us discuss in brief about this tiger reserve. See Nagarjuna Sagar Sri Sailam Tiger Reserve is the largest tiger reserve in India. It spreads over districts in two states Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. This tiger reserve it covers a total area of about 3568 square kilometre where core area is more than 2595 square kilometres. In this regard know that the Nagarjuna Sagar Sri Sailam Tiger Sanctuary was declared officially in the year 1978. It was recognized under the project Tiger in 1983. This reserve has been renamed as Rajiv Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary in 1992. It is known for scenic beauty and it is also situated in deciduous Nallamala forest range as part of the eastern Ghats. Importantly River Krishna that originates in Sahadri Hills coming through Maharashtra and Karnataka flows across this tiger reserve in the Nallamala forest range. Now from Prillan's perspective coming to conservation status of tiger see it is listed as Endangered in IUCN Red List. Tiger also protected and appendix one of sites convention convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora. This also protected under schedule one of Wildlife Protection Act of 1972. Now we'll see in brief about Wildlife Institute of India and the National Tiger Conservation Authority mentioned in the news article. See Wildlife Institute of India was established in 1982 with Dehradun in Uttarakhand as its headquarters. It became an autonomous organization of Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change since the year 1986. It mainly offers training program, academic courses and advisories in relation to wildlife research and management. The mission of this Institute is to nurture the development of wildlife science and to promote its application in the field of conservation in consonance with cultural and socio-economic milieu. Now coming to National Tiger Conservation Authority it is a statutory body under the provisions of Wildlife Protection Act of 1972. It runs under Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. Its main purpose is to strengthen tiger conservation in India. See it is the authority that coordinates project tiger which is a centrally sponsored scheme wherein central assistance is given to states that have tiger population or the conservation in designated tiger resource. So these are some of the information with reference to the analysis of this news article. Now let's move on to next part of the discussion. Now this news article is with reference to the content of court proceedings initiated by the Supreme Court against Mr. Prashant Bhushan who is an advocate at the Supreme Court. We would like to inform viewers that yesterday that is on 27th July 2020 news analysis. We discussed in detail about this matter. We saw the definition of content of court, the brief background of the issues that led to initiation of content of court proceedings and we also saw various opinions whether content of court is still relevant or required. And we also saw law commission's recommendation in relation to review of the content of courts act of 1971 limited to section 2 of the act. For these information we request the viewers to watch yesterday's analysis. Now let's move on to next part of the discussion. We have come to the last session, the practice questions discussion session. See this question here they have given tiger reserve on one side and the states on the other hand. We are asking which of the above pairs are correctly matched. First pair is incorrectly matched because the tiger reserve Nagarjuna Sagar Sri Sailam is found in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Second pair is also incorrectly matched because it is not found in Tripura but in Arunachal Pradesh. So this makes option D the correct answer three only. Indra Vadid Tiger Reserve is in the state of Chattisgarh. This question is with reference to personal data protection. The question reads consider the following statements with reference to personal data protection. Two statements are given. They are asking which of the statements given above are correct. Data protection is listed in the concurrent list of seventh schedule of Indian constitution. This statement is incorrect because data protection the term data is not found in seventh schedule. So such an entry is not listed in seventh schedule but we can understand that according to entry 97 of the union list. Parliament can make laws on any matter not enumerated in list two or list three. Which amounts to residual power which we say federalism with strong central tendency. So the first statement is incorrect here. Second statement the committee of expert on data protection to study various issues relating to personal data protection is chaired by Sri Krish Gopala Krishna. Now this statement is incorrect. Now the committee of expert on personal data protection was chaired by Justice Sri Krishna. In this context we have to know that last year in September the central government constituted an eight member committee with Mr. Krish Gopala Krishna co-founder Infosys as chairman in relation to non-personal data. The terms of reference for this committee of expert is to study various issues relating to non-personal data to make specific suggestions for consideration of central government on regulation of non-personal data. So here both the statements are incorrect. Therefore the correct answer for this question is option D neither one nor two. This question is with reference to PM Cares fund. Two statements are given they are asking which of the statements given above are correct. First statement it is a statutory fund which is funded through voluntary contributions from individuals or organizations. See first part is incorrect because it is not a statutory fund whereas the second part is correct anyhow overall the first statement is incorrect. The second statement the fund will be used for meeting the expenses of disaster response relief and also for mitigation purposes. This statement is correct because the funds under the PM Cares fund can be spent on any relief or assistance with respect to any emergency. It could be even for mitigation purposes. The correct answer is option B two only. Here is the second question for the main scholarship test 2020. Read the question carefully and answer accordingly. The question reads India's foreign policy does not lack resources to claim its due share in global politics. What it lacks is the strategic depth to attain the same elaborate. So the question is a 10 marks question. You have to write the answer within the word limit of 150 words. You can take a printout of the main answer sheet. The link for the same is available in the description and also in the comment section. If you do not have access to the printer, you have to draw margins on an A4 sheet. Access this link on how to draw margins. The link is available in the description and the comment section. So we hope you are aware of how to upload your answers in the portal. See you can access the link for answer upload portal or you can access the answer upload portal link which is available in the description section and in the comment section. The answer upload portal link will be disabled tomorrow evening at 6pm. So make sure to upload your answer before the upload portal is closed. Once the portal is closed, no answer will be accepted through the email. Answers posted in the comment section and sent through email will not be evaluated. Please note that the model answer for yesterday's question has been given in the description and in comment section. A new portal link will be shared for tomorrow's question. So ensure to upload the answers for today's question before 6pm tomorrow. Very importantly, before uploading the file name should be renamed to your unique ID. And one another important thing, the link for today's portal is different from that of yesterday's portal. So these are some of the points you have to note with reference to day 2 of Main Storming Scholarship Test. With this we come to the end of today's The Hindu News Analysis. If you like the video, click the like button, comment, share and subscribe to Shankarai's Academy YouTube channel for more updates and content on civil service exam preparation.


Hello and welcome to the session. My name is Asha and I am going to help you with the following question that says, find the derivative of the following functions and it is to be understood that A, B, C, D, P, Q, R and S are fixed non-zero constants and M and N are integers. 8th one is AX plus B upon PX square plus QX plus R. So let us start with the solution and let us denote the given function by FX. So FX is equal to AX plus B upon PX square plus QX plus R. Now let us denote the numerator by U and the denominator of the given function by V. We have to find the derivative of the given function FX that is F dash X and this by the quotient rule of differentiation is equal to derivative of U dash into V minus U into derivative of V dash upon V square. Now let us substitute the values of U and V then simplify it further. So this is equal to derivative of U that is AX plus B into the function V which is PX square plus QX plus R minus U that is AX plus B into derivative of V that is PX square plus QX plus R. One in the denominator we have V square and V is PX square plus QX plus R. Now derivative of AX plus B is A since derivative of AX is A into 1 and derivative of constant that is B as we are given that B is a constant so it is derivative with respect to X is 0.  So this derivative of PX square is 2 into P into X and derivative of QX is Q into 1 and derivative of R which is a constant with respect to X is 0 and the denominator we have PX square plus QX plus R whole square. Now let's open the brackets we have A PX square plus AQX plus AR minus 2APX square minus AQX minus 2VPX minus VQ and in the denominator we have PX square plus QX plus R whole square. Now APX square and minus 2APX square gives minus APX square. Then we have plus AQX and minus AQX on cancelling since they have opposite signs and we have minus 2BPX and plus AR minus BQ on PX square plus QX plus R whole square. This is our answer.  So this completes the session by intake queue.


TfNN, headline, news update. Hi folks, Basel Trapp and on this Wednesday the 11th of May, we're looking at the Dow up 261 points at $32,420. The futures were up like this earlier on and then $830, $8.2 for the CPI market went swoosh to the downside, but now it's coming back and attempting to turn yesterday's low into at least a low of a short-term duration. When markets are going down there's nothing that says just because it looks oversold it needs to bounce, but when you're looking at the technicals and the technicals are suggesting that the push to the downside is now meeting resistance or at least support is holding. This is where this is exactly where we are so we'll see where we close the day on the day if the Dow is up anywhere from 263 where it's now up to 350 points higher certainly at 320 p.m. if that's the case and the volatility index, the VIX this keeps changing but I'll do it right now if the volatility index at 31.34 is actually under 31 that'll say hey you've got a chance here to at least have a decent close for a change without having an intraday reversal to the downside the S&P has also come back really nicely it's trading up 20 at 4,021 it was way up at 449 so this is it's got a lot to do trying to make up the day's action we'll see if it starts to trade underneath 4,000 that's going to be a real problem looking at the QQQ and this is now down $1.30 at 299.40 this is the one that's going to have the biggest trouble but could give the biggest gains when all of a sudden it can break into the 309, 310 area if it can do that that's 10 points up from yes going to need a lot of work to do that IWM the Russell 2,000 not bad up $1.44 gold and a nice reality area on is holding some of that ready it's up 7 at 1848 it's really watching the dollar because the dollar pulled back a little bit from its almost all-time high here and now it's at 103.54 down 37 ticks it's a TLT we've got to watch as well because this TLT is now a little better than it was it's down 8 cents at 115.63 it needs to go much higher for those yields to show some some weakness and they can start to pull back the meantime I'm gonna hand you over to very presidento for trade what you see that he's got his webinar coming up it's coming Tuesday and next next week on Tuesday all day webinar check it out front page of TFNN great programming all day you got think of swim you've got Steve Rhodes, Dave White, Tom O'Brien check out my opening call my daily newsletter and I will see you tomorrow have a great day


The Tiger. Financial News Network. News Update. Welcome folks. We have the Dow industry that has finished up 10 Nasdaq up 46, S&Ps up 9.5. Gold contract up $5.20, traded at $19.79 an ounce. We had Silver up 3 cents, $23.66 an ounce. Light Sweet Crew down 70 cents, trading $71.45 a barrel, notes and bonds. Ten-year note, down one tick, trading $113.27, the third year up five at $128.02, and $Kingdala. $Kingdala up 147 ticks, trading $104.48, Euro at $106, yen at $139, and British Pound at $124 to one US dollar. We get over and take a look at the market, and what you have out here folks to get a rejection of lower price on lighter volume today. Take a look at the S&P side, $57 million, we went down to $425, rejected $425, the $425 was going into $91 million, so now you're dealing, you go into $91 million, do $57, $431 is game inside that S&P. And the X100, we take a look at the NDX, same type of setup inside the NDX. What do you have with the NDX here? You get down to the price point of $352, you close to $354, and your swing point is $371. So the difference with the NDX is these price spreads at the top are getting really, really small. That is an indication that things getting tired. I can picture why it's getting tired because it went up so dramatically, there's no doubt. In five months we went from $261 to $354 inside the Q's, so that is a run. That's an extraordinary run. We take a look at the gold market, we did with the gold market out here, gold market got down to a price point today of 1970, closed out at 1979, you get a sideways market in gold basically, did 133,000 contracts. That is not, that's actually a higher, high, with a huge amount of contraction in the volume. So we're in an ABC structure down in the gold market, I expect we're still going to get to it, and that is going to be 1902, and that's where we the gold took off at the beginning of March. That's how this thing is set up right now. Have a great night folks, have a safe night, come back and visit Tommy tomorrow morning, kicks us off at 9am, great show folks. We'll get him folks.