Welcome, this is the second interaction for today. This is an interaction for Moodle which was covered in week 5. So, I myself I am not really an expert on Moodle, but I will do my best to answer any questions that you have. So, I will be waiting here for any hand raises from your side. Yes, center 1345. Very good morning sir. Good morning. And currently my question is about the quiz 7. In the quiz 7, question 6 is little bit you know the topic that has been addressed in this particular question is not very much clear I guess. I do not think so we have discussed about the certainty based marking system in any of our previous videos or in any of our lectures. So, we would like to get more clarity to answer that particular question I guess. Of course, we have seen few particular information about the CBM marking scheme rather than that we would like to get few more elaboration on that particular marking scheme so that we can mark perfect answer for that. So, the question was regarding the certainty based marking. Actually, I did touch upon this topic in the last video on setting up the quizzes. So, that is before the miscellaneous topics that I covered. So, there was a topic on setting up quizzes where I did show a small example of CBT. What I would really like you to do is you know not only go to this side but today also we will try to hold an exercise where we will ask you to go to demo.moodle.net and make your own quiz. So, that assignment will be given to you sometime later. The key thing in certainty based marking is the following and hopefully it will help you. So, I think I had mentioned that it was 10 questions and one point per question possible. So, that is a regular quiz that someone has set. Now, in certainty based marking you need to be you need to choose options. Normally, there are three options that you are very confident, semi-confident or not so confident. And if you mark wrong and also are very confident about the answer, then you get negative marks heavily and in between you get some slight negative marks. And if you are very sure that you are marking correct and definitely your answer is correct and your confidence level is also high on that then you get actually more than one marks. And I think I had expected that it would be 4 because on some site it was 4. But most cases say that on Moodle they expect 3 marks for a very confident right answer. It does not matter the principle was if you see I gave all marks between 0 and 10 except for two people who got plus 40 and minus 60. So, obviously one of them was extremely confident and totally wrong and the other guy was extremely confident and totally correct. So, my expectation is that you go over the results or the options given and try to eliminate the ones which are certainly not applicable because everything is just a possibility. For example, someone getting 10 could have got 10 in many ways. He could have got two places where it was extremely right and he was confident to and then two ones where he was two questions where he was not so confident, but marked it right. So, you would have got 4, 4 and 2. But it is there is a possibility that that person could have marked all 10 questions correct, but he was not totally confident about it. So, he just gets one mark which is the regular scheme which is.  Whereas, the moment you start becoming slightly confident you get more marks if you are right and more confident and you get negative marks if you are wrong and still confident that your answer was right. So, based on this just eliminate the answers which are definitely not possible it is definitely possible that you know some of the answers you may feel are definitely right or could be right. So, you can mark these I do not mind it and we will check whether such a thing is possible. But according to me I thought that I had put in three answers which were more or less possible of course, not the answer where the instructor does not know the marking scheme that was not really that was just put in there. But of course, I expected that that participants would actually go out and figure out what CBT would be and you should realize that if you are totally not confident and you mark it as such it is like a regular quiz otherwise you get more marks or less marks. So, you have to just choose try to be try to eliminate the ones which are definitely not correct. I think that if you follow that principle hopefully you should come up to the right answers. Thank you. Hello. Yes. Sir, I have like a few queries and like a few reminder. First thing in last phase 2 phase meeting it was told that IIT will provide us lots of like books and papers related to all boomstakes and all that thing. So, that research is still pending. So, we would like to go through it. Only the thing is that there are so many like boomstakes and all me then revise boomstakes and all me there are so many models. So, is there any kind of like a paper or something where they have compared these different models and then we would like to go through it. It will also put us. So, these are like to be remembered or like a query. Another thing is that in discussion forum right now we have to log in the computer and then we have to check all this. So, is it possible that any kind of like a tool will be provided to us which can help us to have interface with our mobile phone because on mobile phone we are always connected with this thing. So, if there is any query or something so you know immediately we can reply to it or I mean it is I mean more convenient with the mobile phone rather than like our desktop computer that is one thing. And then we also feel that thing like in earlier stage the justification was given for each and every answer but now later on in the quiz part justification is not given. If the justification is given we will also understand what is the point of view of quiz designer. Third thing about the team assignments so in team assignments we would like to know how to basically form a team and then is there any possibility let's say a few our colleagues are not actually enrolled into this course but we wanted to take them and form a team outside of this course and then we can form our team and submit our assignments so it will be considered. So, these are some of the queries and like a reminder so my colleague also wants to comment on something. Good morning sir. My question is based on the certainty based marking system it's in continuation with the question asked by the previous resource. Sir mentioned that I choose a confident level that is C3 you mentioned about the incentive marks that I get that is plus 4 right. Now what happens if I make a mistake how much marks would then I lose minus or is it minus 6. So, let me do this so coming to the first question that the other person asked unfortunately I am not too aware of this what is going to happen is professor Fatak will come here at 12.15 and some of the course related questions you can ask and definitely the point that the feedback must be given I think that I will convey to the other instructors and regarding resources I assume this is regarding week 3 and 4. So, again I will try to pass this on to the relevant instructor who probably is going to hold a session tomorrow anyway. So, maybe you can save these questions again to ask the relevant instructor and regarding groups formation and taking people from outside I think it is best if you ask professor Fatak because these are rules regarding the course and then it is best that he you know he tells what is ok or not ok because I am not really deciding the rules here. Now, regarding certainty based marking the thing is that if you are not confident and if you mark the answer correct you get plus 1 if you do not mark it correct you get 0. But let us say you mark something some answer and you say that you are extremely confident that is you mark the highest level of confidence and I think the current model sites give you 3 levels though I think I saw some site where they actually gave you around 4 levels. So, if you mark the highest level and if the answer is correct then you get incentive mark which means let us say you get I think the standard says that you get 3 instead of 1 mark. And if you actually get if the answer is wrong and you are very confident that the answer is right it means it is trying then the system is trying to tell you that you are actually you are confident about the wrong things I mean you do not know what is going on and still you are marking something and very confident about it. So, it penalizes you and the penalties normally double. So, you get minus 6 marks at the highest confidence level and minus 4 and so on. So, I think it is minus 6 minus 3 and 0 if for the 3 confidence level and 1, 2 and 4 if you are confident and the answer is right roughly I think that is the scheme but that you would have to check. So, I wanted again people to go ahead and check the schemes that are available for confident or certainty based marking. So, I think if you are very confident and the answer is right you should get 3 and if you are very confident and the answer is wrong actually you will get minus 6. So, I hope that answers. Hello sir, good morning. My name is Poonam Deshpande. Your videos are very informative. My question is regarding the quizzes and the questions asked in those quizzes. Sometimes the questions are very confusing like for example the one first question week 5 quiz that is regarding the I think different format. So, it was not mentioned the default format for IIT model. So, when actually we went to check around what the answer can be. So, we got some other answer and I got I mean it was not correct. My answer was topics. So, actually we were supposed to answer with respect to IIT model. So, is it possible to like these questions? Can I interject here? So, it is possible that the default format somewhere is topics and if you actually give us reasonable evidence on it we will actually mark even that as the correct answer. So, please do not believe that you know just because you think now you have marked it wrong we will mark it wrong. But I need a reasonable proof. You show me places where topics is the default answer. So, I need a proof on that because most places I have looked it was always weeks which was the default setting. So, if you think you can show it to me by proof then I think we will consider that answer and it is good because I really wanted you again to go ahead check the net and tell me what possibilities exist. So, it is not a very hard and past thing, but you need to give a proof. When we explored we found that majority of the site especially the official site of model the default setting that comes down is topics first. And according to the video it is four and the this thing the default for giving a wrong answer it is six. So, that is the confusion that we have. So, if at one you know on the one hand you are giving plus four for a correct answer then you should be deducting minus eight for the wrong answer. But the person is getting minus 60. So, I hope the question is over. If you realize again in the certainty based marking I agree that you know plus four minus eight would have been a good way of putting it together. But if you see the marks that I have allotted to students except for two students everyone is between 0 and 10. So, obviously one person is being very confident and getting it right and the other person is very confident, but everything is wrong. So, that is the only thing I really wanted you to you know get out of it. I mean there was no insistence that you know it did not matter if I had said plus 30 or plus 40. I mean it would not have changed any of the answers that were given below. So, I think that way I am not too keen on changing the wordings or the marks in that question because there should not be too much confusion regarding it. However, the point regarding topics is well taken. I think if by default if the site says it should be topics then I will have that answer definitely mark correct. So, because you are showing me proof that you know that that was by far the most default way of putting up moodle. So, I do not mind that answer being mark correct. Thank you. Sir, there is one more question related to this only. Is the marking scheme decided by the instructor and selected or is it by default what is there? Can it be decided by the instructor the marking scheme? Yes, so that is the whole idea if you are setting a quiz you can set the type of questions and you can set the kind of quiz also whether it is a certainty based marking scheme everything you can set. So, the moment in fact that is the exercise we are going to tell you to do in the afternoon to set up a quiz you will realize that you can actually do all of this that and that is what I had maybe showed slightly in the video that you can actually go you know and create a quiz and you can choose the marking scheme that you want. Yes, COEP? Sir, my question is regarding moodle submission in that case suppose 60 numbers of students submitting their assignment. So, in that case how you can check the duplication means plagiarism is there any inbuilt facility in moodle? As far as I know I do not think there is an inbuilt facility right now what we used to do at least for my course what I used to do was I would download all the assignments and use web based resources to check for plagiarism. So, that is what I used to do I do not think moodle has it but then you know maybe a newer version has it then I do not know but in what we used to do I am telling you we would just download it and use a web based resource to do it. Sir, one thing can we have the interface means in that case we can have that external plagiarism checker to that is there any facility? And you want how to download and that is okay.  This external plagiarism we have the most of the website they are checking the plagiarism. Correct. So, in that case can we make that interface with moodle is this any facility like this? Okay, I think I still did not get your question you want it so because if you open a side window for opening such a resource you can use it but if you want it to open through moodle we can always give a URL because that is one of the possibilities that we can add it in moodle itself a URL side to one of such a places where you can check for plagiarism. Is that what you are asking for? I am not very clear. Yes sir, yes I am like asking the same thing. Okay, so what I will do is I will pass this on to the administrators and see if they can put up such a link on the moodle side for this course. Hello. Yes. Am I audible? Yes sir, I have a question about the quizzes when we are talking about the quiz like there are different domains and it would be very preferable that if we get the quizzes according to the domains and second is there is a confusion between the markings of the correct answer and the wrong answer like how many marks are going to be deducted there is a confusion there. So, my humble suggestion is that as far as our domains are concerned it will be very nice if we get the quizzes according to our domains. Thank you. Let me ask so what do you really imply by quizzes according to the domain because most quizzes are as per what was being taught in that week and as far as I know none of the quizzes have any negative marking that we have set up in this if it is there it will be explicitly told. So, right now you have only 1 or 0 marks if there is any negative marks that would be explicitly mentioned. So, I do not think there are any negative marks right now, but let me confirm with the other instructors to regarding negative marks for quizzes. This is about negative marks and what are the exact marks for the correct answer? So, that is being mentioned for example, the quiz that I have set on moodle I make it it is explicitly written after every question whether one point is possible or two points are possible or three points are possible and there are no negative marks and as far as I know all the other quizzes have exactly the same pattern. So, I thought it was explicit, but still let me confirm with the other instructors as to what kind of quizzes they have set. Thank you. Yes, 104 marks. Okay sir, thank you sir, thank you for calling. Sir, I just came to know about this concept of CVM from your brief lecture and I also search on the internet about this. What I understand from the CVM concept that it is necessary to know the confidence level of the student also while evaluating his grade. So, in your question you have given the total marks and what I understand from the marks that it can range from minus 62 to 40 and incidentally both quizzes are included in the question. My question is not directed to this particular question, but generally in nature. Sir, how we interpret the data without knowing the confidence level? For example, if a student have scored 15 marks or 20 marks or 30 marks, let us avoid the extreme cases. So, what does it interpret? Suppose a student has got 20 marks. So, what should I think about that student? Whether he has guessed or not like this? Because I am very much interested about the CVM because this concept will at least reduce the copying which is very common problem among the students. So, I would like to know your comment. How to interpret the total numbers without knowing the confidence level of the student? I will try to give my interpretation of what I think. So, if I set 10 questions for one mark each and just give 0 or 1 marks for every question which is what I had mentioned in that quiz question also, then the marks would have been only between 0 and 10. Now, if someone is getting far negative marks like minus 20 or minus 30, it is not the extreme also let us say. It means that at least for you know 4 or 5 questions he is marking or he or she is marking the wrong answer, but still is very confident that the answer is right. If you start getting negative marks, it means you are very confident about wrong concepts. So, you think that I have understood this material really well but the answer is wrong. That means you are confident about the wrong things. So, you really need to look out for people who are getting into the negative marks to figure out what is it that they have understood wrong because in any class you will find at least a reasonable set of students. I would put it at around 20 percent who think that they have understood everything right and yet that is not what is right. So, that is you will at least figure out what kind of wrong concepts are coming in and definitely the guys who are getting much more positive let us say 10 would have been just the limit if everyone got 1 and 0. If they are getting much more positive like more than 20 you know that at least for a reasonable set of questions they are marking the answer right and they are very confident about it and these are the students who have really figured out what is going on because they know the answer is right and they are very confident about it. And of course, there are others who roughly know that what the formula should be you know and somewhere they have calculated they are marking the answers right, but they are not yet so confident to tell you I am very confident about it. So, those are the people who will probably get you know between 0 and 10 you know they will never try to mark that I am very confident because they immediately know that the penalty for a wrong answer is minus 6 times. So, they will definitely be very very careful in marking their certainty. So, those sets of people maybe you can you know people who get between 0 and 10 are the guys who probably at least between 5 and 10 let us say they know reasonable stuff, but they are not too confident and their concepts need to be you know told what are you not really confident about. So, that is the set which probably will you know cross the bridge if you provide them extra coaching whereas the guys who are really confident probably they know what to do and so you know if you really want to teach them further for something else that is ok. So, you know which group probably needs to be addressed in what fashion I mean the guy the students getting between 5 and 10 on such a quiz probably you know you need to figure out why they are not so confident, but yet they seem to be getting their answers right or is it just guess work because they are just guessing and they do not want to give a totally confident you know appraisal that I am very confident because they know they have guessed it and they do not want to be very confident because they will get a negative mark on it or that too a very heavily negative mark on it. So, you have to find out who is doing guess work who knows stuff who is, but not confident and there are people who do not know stuff, but they still think they are extremely confident about it. So, at least that kind of differentiation you can at least maybe put it in 2 or 3 baskets you know this is the kind of students who are very confident and they know the right answer and very confident about it then there is a set who is marking wrong answers, but they seem to be very sure that they know that this is correct. So, these are people who you know are understanding things wrong then there are people who are doing guess work and then there are people who are probably they know somewhat what to do, but they are not too confident and they need to you need to figure out what is how you can bring their confidence up or what is it that they are not slightly understood about the topic. So, this is my interpretation of how you can actually use the certainty based marking scheme. Thank you. Thank you sir. Hello sir. Yes. So, my question is that if I want to establish a moodle page for my college, so it needs to be installed on a server. Yes. So, who will be providing all the facility like it will be monitored by IIT Bombay or should I involve my university in it? No. So, moodle is something which is there to help you. So, all you need is a good computer and turn it into a server and as long as it can run moodle and handle a bit of participants, I think every department or at least the university or your college should have a moodle server. So, it is up to your computer administrator to be good enough to download the open source software for it and you know make it running. So, there is no one else who is going to monitor it. It is for your own good that you should be having such a thing on yourself. So, it is your it is going to be your responsibility. Good morning sir. My question is regarding peer assessment process. Actually I got four good reviews out of five and one review as a no work. So, how my grade affects in peer assessment process? So, again you know this is something which I know less about, but I can tell you something that you have marks for submission and you have marks for assessing others and your marks of course for your submission will be based in some combination of the reviews that you got. So, if most of the reviews you got were good, your average review is actually good. So, you may actually end up with a reasonably good mark, but it also you there are some marks which are assigned to how you have reviewed other people and again this is compared with the average rating that particular assignment has got. So, if the average is let us say low and you are the only person marking high then it is possible that you will not get the best marks for reviewing someone's assignment, but this is going to be a combination of many factors depending on what others have also put in for that particular assignment. Now, I do not think you should be overly worried about this the overall percentage of marks which are reserved for peer review is at least for the first 70 percent of the total grade it is barely 10 percent 10 to 12 percent. So, I do not think you should be you know you should be concerned about it in the pack I should say that you should try to learn from it if someone has given you a bad review if you think try to see if there are you know points which are definitely worth considering. So, I would say that you know you take it as a learning process. So, do not just neglect what people have written. Definitely sir, thank you. Sir, while going through the Moodle activities I have found that it is same like Blackboard elements which we use at our school. The problem over here is that we find very less people pardon less students participating in the discussion forum. So, how to activate and motivate them? This is a reasonably tricky question. A lot of times we put so many resources on Moodle and find that students are not really you know logging in and checking it and they do not seem to be bothered. So, I think one of the ways in which you try to ensure that they log on and check Moodle is you know you put up some activity which makes them go to Moodle and then answer a short quiz then and there which is part of the grade. So, that is one of the ways in which you can do it. In fact, there are it is possible to load activities where based on you know they see something they answer then you ask a question and based on that answer let us say you put you have to be reasonably clever in setting up such question. You can actually set up question that based on their answers let us say you have three options. You actually make them search somewhere else and come up with a further question.  So, I think that is the only way you know the moment you if the learning is not their main motive then you have to force them to learn that is very unfortunate, but that is how it is. Okay sir, thank you. One more question with relation to peer assessment. Will that going to affect a lot on our grades? No, I think I have also asked other people and do not worry too much about it it will not affect your past grade so much. So, the only thing is you must be submitting your assignments that is far more important than worrying about the peer assessment. So, I think that is the only take home point that has been told to be given. There are last request there are so many discussions which happens where we ask our staff members to assist or the organizers to assist, but we do not get the replies even in one day. Sir kindly requesting you to please submit some replies so that we are clear of. Okay, so you are saying that there are many requests for which you have not got any replies is that the. Yes, there were some queries which were posted and we were continuously requesting for staff to assist us on the same. Okay, so I will put this down. So, did you put this on the IIT Bombay excite itself? This was on the discussion forums. This was regarding the queries. So, yeah actually if you realize that you know the amount of participants we are handling right now probably is slightly more for us. There are around 4000 participants and you know we do not have as much staff really but we will try to do our best. So, I will just you know pass this also on to the other team members and Professor Fatak. Okay, thank you. Good morning sir. Yes, good morning. Sir one more question is about the learning objectives. When we are making the questions so getting an answer we have to use the learning objectives. For a particular learning objective we are making the questions right sir. At that time we can make two questions for the same learning objective. When a student answering for the first question is answering the right answer is taking the right answer and for the second is taking the wrong answer. At that time how can we realize or how can we get the assessment that is getting that learning objective. So, I would say that it of course depends such a set of consecutive questions always depends on how skillfully the questions are set. So, if the second question really follows up very well on the first question and if you have understood the first question right it is hoped that that concept is clear and the next concept hopefully you should be knowing. So, if that is not clear then you know till what point the student has learnt or not learnt. So, if right at the first moment you are not clear then you can actually have of course a different question which will try to see if you do not know so much do you know at least so much. So, I think if you want to test students out you try to see till what level they have figured out if they do not if they know till a certain level then you need to ask a certain higher level and so on and stop at the point where they do not seem to know any further and then you can figure out then you can try to bunch students up into the levels that you know they seem to have reached. I this is how I would look at learning objectives again I am I would say that you should put this question again to Professor Sahana Murthy who has probably taught you this section. One more question one more thing is the the password and username can be shared to the fair to anyone. So, when we are using this model a good student can help actually it is not helping but help all the peers like he know the answer and he is answering all the questions by using not not the password and username of his son but the other students or other fellows. At that time how can we measure the how can we access the class because the questions are answered by only one person. Is there username and password? So, see you do not even need to share the name and password if you want to cheat. For example, we give reasonable amount of time to people. So, in that case you know I can just sit with you figure out what you are answering and come back 5 minutes later to my computer and just mark the correct answers and I am done with it. So, if the objective is to cheat I realize that things are going to be very difficult. So, one of the ways I mean unfortunately this is how it is and if you trust the students then you can let them do everything in their hostel rooms. And but so, one of the ways to get around this is to have you know laptops on in the class and hold the quiz in the class for a fixed duration and have questions which are randomly different for everyone. For example, there are types of questions where I can have the answers or you know the values put in different for everyone else and not only that I can have you know the settings such that you know only particular IP numbers can get a certain kind of questions. So, those extra settings are also possible I am not totally aware of it, but such things can also be done. But one of the things I would say is do it in class have it monitored and ensure that everyone gets a randomly different set of values that would definitely probably at least reduce the kind of cheating that you are talking about. Hello, good afternoon sir. Yes, good afternoon. Yeah, we have been following all the activities and thank you very much for making us aware of this very good tool screen casting with which we can reach two more students. The my question is hello. Yeah, is there any facility in the model wherein we can send messages or alert whenever we upload an assignment or a quiz to their participants automatically being sent because they are again remote and we cannot have a communication with them formally. So, is there any facility in the model to activation? So, especially assignments etcetera there is a mail which can be sent immediately. But you must realize you know that students also have a capability of not getting every mail but a bunch of mail at the end of the week. So, even if you send out a mail immediately it is not necessary that the students will get it. So, they should not you know change their settings such that they will get it in a week in which case you can hardly do anything. So, normally I will ask the students that they ought to not change any of these settings where they receive you know some kind of email from us or some kind of a message from us. So, I would normally just upload an assignment and immediately go to the discussion forum and say that you know I have put an assignment there is a start date to it there is an end date to it all this will come but I am reminding you again about this. So, please go and do it and I am not. So, it is that is the only way it works you know you just tell people again go to the discussion forum and also you know in the activity box if they log in. So, the key is the students need to log in every time the if you log in it will keep telling you that this thing is due this thing is due. So, that also comes up but then you know the students have to log in and you need to send them a message and hopefully they have not changed any of the settings. Thank you very much. Thank you. Good afternoon sir. Yes. I am Dr. Charmula from RC 1228 Loyola College Chennai. I am happy to be a part of this learning process. I just have a query related to the wiki course portfolio which is of this week segment and everyone has received multiple reviews might be say around 10 or 11 and I would like to know how many number of reviews has to be posted. Okay. So, again this was not what I was going to address but I have asked this question because a lot of people seem to have asked this question. So, there was some kind of a bug there. So, technically all of you are supposed to review only four. So, if you review four and give it that should be sufficient. Okay. So, some people have gotten 40 I think. So, you may have gotten only 10 that is lucky. Of course, you know if you review more it is to your benefit. So, please do not take it as a burden but four are the minimal requirement for your grade to be assigned but I would request you if you can do more, please go ahead. There is no harm in it. Okay. You will only learn more. Thank you. Sir, actually my question is how many reviews have we have to post it in our course portfolio? Okay. I assume that my answer that should have been four but I will reconfirm and tell you as far as I know it should have been four. Thank you sir. So, there are only five minutes left. So, I would like to tell that right now I am handling only questions regarding week five on Moodle. So, please do not ask me questions on general administration or the wiki or the screenshots. So, please ask me questions which are regarding week five at Moodle. There are five minutes and I hope you know these are going to be relevant questions. Sir, how to add a workshop activity on Moodle and how to configure it? So, it is the same thing. You will actually need to you know add a resource. So, it is one of the resources that you can add. So, as long as you are a teacher you will be able to do it. So, for example, I would just request you for each of these cases that you should go to demo.moodle.net and see a very good you know I would say a method or a review on how to do it. So, each of these would be a reasonably small module on how they will explain to you. For example, I have only explained to you a very small amount of things which you can do. For example, the assignment and the quiz which every teacher would want to do but a workshop is something that if you definitely want peer assessment it is a very good activity to put it on. I would request you to go to demo.moodle and figure out this for your Good afternoon sir. Yes, good afternoon. To ask one of the questions that due to some reasons I was not able to do the RC3 activity. So, can you please now allow me to do the peer assessment for the same activity? So, again you know I will only pass this question on because I do not have the authority to do it. But as far as I have been given to understand you can do all your submissions because those are required for your pass or no pass grade. You may not get the marks for it, but you have to compulsorily do any of these assignments that you were asked to do. So, that is still possible I think. So, you can go ahead you will just not get marks for it but you will definitely get the certificates in the remaining topics you clear everything. Thank you. Okay. Thank you sir. Good afternoon sir. We are speaking from Central Nostra, Rajasthan. We have a query said most of the participants they are lacking of awareness at the initial stage, not now okay they are following. So, some of them are not attempted initial assignments. So, that can you give a chance to once again RC1 and RC2. So, again you know I think I have already addressed this I am not really here to answer this question because it is beyond my domain. But what I have been given to understand is to get your certificate and grade you have to submit all assignments. So, even if the time is passed you must submit all these assignments. It is just that you may not get marks for it, but that is fine as long as you get passing marks using the other topics that is fine. So, please go ahead and submit that should not be a problem. Thank you. Hello sir. Some of the participants are telling that they have submitted the assignment but showing that it is not graded. I will I will if a recent problem comes I will just pass it on to the administrators and they will see if you do not think this has been addressed you can send it via a chat message to the administrators. Thank you. Hello. Good morning. I am Dr. Monica Sanandam and my question is on the model quiz. I was trying to attend the model quiz after I had watched the videos and I find that many of the things that are asked in the quiz are related to the model administrator editing etc. which we do have access to. So, we would like to just have little access to that and little clarification about the IIT model because our college model working in B use and the one that is therefore IIT a little different. So, my answer to this is that we are not going to give you any administrator access right now, but if you go to the link that we have provided demo.model.net it actually allows you to do this that you can see what kind of administrative responsibility the teacher has. If your model has it then you know what is going on. So, the idea is to go on to the web search for the information and then answer the quiz. So, the videos were only a kind of a trailer to tell you what all is possible. So, I think I did put in the line at the beginning of the quiz that I expect all of you to go on the web and search for it. And if you really want training then demo.model.net is the place to go. In fact, today afternoon the session is for you all of you to log on to that site and create a quiz because I guess unless everyone is told they do not do it. So, this is all available to you for everyone to just go and practice it. So, I would advise you to please do that. Thank you. Thank you, sir. Yes, DKTE 1008. Hello, a very good afternoon sir. Yes. Please go ahead we can hear you. Can we use model on android mobile as we can use it more effectively in class activities? You want is there you mean a mobile version for it because definitely you can access the web and use model ok. I am not too aware, but as far as I know there should be a you know mobile version for model, but often I cannot tell you let me go and check it and tell you. So, that is of course, something that you can also check, but probably it is possible to do it. Thank you. 1055. So, this again is regarding the peer assessment strategies. Peer assessment. Sir, in the peer assessment there will be certain criteria. Yes, sorry I would not really be in a position to answer this question because I am not you know dealing with this peer assessment week, but if it is regarding how many peer assessments you have to do then it was 4 if that is what if you have gotten let us say 40 in your mailbox or 10 in your mailbox it is only 4 if that is what you are most concerned with. But then you know I am I was because I am not too aware of this week's question. I am only looking at week 5 on model. Sir, not really about the peer assessment, see in peer assessment we are given certain criteria based on which we have to do the assessment. And each criteria has 4 levels, but sometimes what I feel is that we have some other basis for which we have to evaluate like it is based on the subject, it is based on the course. Sometimes I feel that it is not the 4 levels that is given based on that I have to do an evaluation. So, what I do is that if I feel that it is a bad work then I give whatever is there in the lowest level in that evaluation criteria and I write the remark in the remarks column. So, is it always possible to give a very rigid evaluation criteria for an assessment? Well, see this is always going to be very tricky isn't it only some numerical kind of questions you could expect a right or wrong answer. Of course, even in there you can try to figure out how exactly a wrong answer was obtained, but in such a case where you are talking I agree I mean having only 4 or 5 levels when there should be something else it is very difficult to set it. So, if you can make a set of criterion where you know you try to build in as much flexibility as possible I think that would be worth it. So, sometimes you know for the lack of time there may be you know you say evaluate it using this 4, but you know I am sure you can do it with far more than that, but you will have to put in the effort to design it like that. Thank you. Okay, thank you sir. Yeah, I think last question because we are now out of time 1093. Good afternoon sir. Yes, I am from LDRP Institute of Technology Remote Center. My question related is related to the Moodle section that you have described that in that it has been said that SA type question cannot be provided with the feedback instantaneously, but can't we embed the peer assessment with the SA type question in such a way that we ask the SA type question and then afterward once that time period is completed then we can allot this assessment to different students. Of course, I mean so that is possible. And then the student has to do a constructive assessment. Correct. So, this is possible to implement that in Moodle? Yeah, so use so for example this would be similar to the workshop kind of activity and definitely it is possible. It is just that with a numerical question then and there we can provide an assessment. For an SA type you will need someone to read it and then evaluate it and give it. So, there is a time lag so that is all that was asked for. So, yes definitely it is something that you can provide an assessment as fast as possible depending on you know how other participants would be willing to react. Thank you. So, yes that was it. So, my time is up now. Thank you.


Dear learners, welcome to the session. Today I am going to discuss with you something about floating point numbers. In fact, the format related to floating point numbers, what are they and how are they represented in computers. To begin with, let us try to identify what we mean by floating point representation. Floating point representation consists of primarily two parts, signed fixed point number, which we also call Mentesa and binary point position, which we basically represent in the form of an exponent. Now, that is very surprising to you, isn't it? How a binary point position will be represented as an exponent? Well, if you, you must be habitual of writing decimal numbers. So let us say if I write 2.3 into 10 to the power 2, what does that mean? It means that the actual number is 234 and the position of decimal is actually after 234. So the number is 234 dot. So can you relate now the, the Mentesa, the point of Mentesa to the position of the decimal? Right. So now let us look at this slide once again. The Mentesa can be an integer or a fraction, right? So this is what we can always have a Mentesa fraction as well as integer. Please note that the position of binary point is assumed and it is not a physical point. This is something which you must know. Why? Because the position, if we are talking about the binary point position, we are assuming it to be at some place. In computers, at no place any binary point is positioned. It is just the assumption that this is where the binary point lies. Let's discuss this with the help of an example. A decimal plus 12.34 is a typical floating point number, notation can be represented in any one of the two following formats. One of them is, if I say the sign bit as the first bit, which is, which happens to be zero followed by 0.1234. Now since I have represented the point at this point of time at after just after before, in fact, let's just before one. So what do I need to have the exponent will be two because the number is 12.34. If I shift the point before one, the exponent becomes two. And that's what you can see. This is what it represents 0.1234 into 10 to the power plus two, and that is 12.34. Now the second thing which we can do for the same number, it happens to be if I represent the whole thing as a mantissa, mantissa as representing, mantissa just representing a whole number. So suppose I simply say it is 1234, right? Then the power of exponent is going to be minus two because we have shifted the position of decimal after four. So two points to the right, right? So in that particular case, what we will have point 1234. This is where the mistake happens to be. It actually should be 1234 into 10 to the power minus two, whereas it is written like this. So you should always see that there are some catch points in slides in everywhere and you should try to correct those things as per the proper requirements. Now let's look into the decimal number plus 10.125. What is the equivalent binary number? Now first of all, what we must understand, when we are talking about computers, we are talking about binary numbers. We are not talking about decimal number. Decimal number, definitely we took as an example. Why? Because you are most comfortable with decimal number. But what about the binary numbers, right? So we are looking forward to the binary conversion of decimal numbers. And that's why this particular thing. Now 10, you know, is 1010. You can calculate it. It is going to be 1010. And point 125, if you once again try to calculate it, it will come out to be 0.001. So this is the number which we want to represent in computer. Now how do we represent this? Now floating point numbers are often represented in normalized forms, which basically means fractional mentisa does not contain zero as the most significant digit of the number, of the number is considered to be normalized form. Now basically, if what we are trying to say that the mentisa is fractional, it is not an integer as it was the case of 1234 into 10 to the power minus 2. It is the case of 0.1234 into 10 to the power 2. That means the mentisa is supposed to be fractional in nature. Now that simply means what we are assuming our point to be before this particular position. So our point will be before the whole number which we have represented. And that is an assumed location. That is not a placed position. It is an assumed notation or location which we have assumed for this particular place. So what you can see we have is the sign which is zero. We have the fractional mentisa which is equivalent to 100001 which is coming over here. And since we have moved our point four onto this particular side, so our exponent has to be plus four. That's why this zero is appearing over here and four happens to be 100 in binary form. So you have represented a number 10.125 in the form of a fractional floating point number. But is that all? No. There are many more things as far as floating point number is concerned. So let us identify a hypothetical representation. Let's try to present some information on this particular basis. So what we are doing in this hypothetical 32-bit representation, we are assuming that sign is being represented with the help of one bit. One bit means only one bit. It does not mean zero or one. It means one bit which can be zero or one. Then we have an exponent which we are assuming that can be eight bit long. Eight bit long means if you want to represent any number in eight bits, then it can be from zero to 256 maximum. Not even 256, 255, mind my words, there may be some mistakes. So clarify those mistakes with your consulates. Then we have the significant, significant or mentisa which we call which can be 23 bits because we have in total 32 bits. So the 23 bits are remaining goes to the mentisa or the significant. Leftmost bit is the sign bit of the significant. So we are assuming that the leftmost bit is going to be represented with the help of a sign bit. Mentisa or significant must be in normalized form. What it means that mentisa should always start with the one. It should never start with the zero. The base of the number is two. Obviously we are dealing with the binary number. So base has to be two. The value of 128 is added to the exponent. Once again, there is a question why we want to do that. This is called a bias. Now as I told you, if we are talking about the exponent, what we are doing in the exponent, it can represent it is an eight bit exponent. So it can represent number bit from zero to 255. But in a generic representation, you would like to represent exponent from minus 128 to plus 127, including zero in between. If you want to do that, how are you going to do that? That kind of a thing. If you want to do that once again, what you really need to do, you need to add the bias. For example, if you want to represent the exponent minus 128, just add plus 128, the exponent becomes zero. So minus 128 is equivalent to exponent value zero. If you want to say just zero exponent is zero, then obviously 128 will be added. And the representation for that exponent will be plus 128. There is no plus and minus for the exponents. The exponents are represented as bias. So whatever is the exponent value, just subtract 128 and you will come to know what actual exponent is. This is the way the representation work. Why? Because you have just one sign bit and that sign bit is meant for minty soundly. It is not meant for exponent. So that is why we have this kind of a situation. Next thing, a normal exponent of 8 bits normally can represent exponent values as zero to 255. This is what exactly I told you. However, as we are adding 128 for getting the biased exponent from the actual exponent, the actual exponent values represented in the range will be minus 128 to plus 127. As normalized mentisa, right, since we are using the normalized mentisa, which implies the leftmost bit cannot be zero. Therefore, it has to be one. This is one of the requirement. Now, since the leftmost bit has to be one, that's what we are expecting. Why represent it, right? So this is precisely what we are saying here. So do not store this first bit, all right, and can be assumed implicitly. So what we are implicitly assuming that our mentisa will have 0.1 implicitly available over there and rest digits will follow. So a 23-bit mentisa can represent 23 plus 1, 24-bit mentisa in this representation. So you can, I mean, could you see the importance of utilizing even a single bit with the help of logic, although IEEE 754, which we are going to talk about very shortly, does not use this particular logic. But from the point of view of representation, you can do many optimizations while representing numbers in the form of binary digits. And this is the whole art of computing. This is the whole art of computer science. This is the whole art of digital circuits. So this, now let us take some examples of this situation. The binary number plus 1, 0, 1, 0.001, how it is going to be represented in our situation. Sine bit is 0, mentisa happens to be this, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, and exponent happens to be 4. So 0, 1, 0, 0. Now in the proposed floating point representation, how this information will be translated into the computer. Exponent add bias. So we added bias into the exponent. This is 128. We added this to this particular exponent. You can see the color is making that whole difference. So what it becomes, this becomes the exponent for the number, which is to be represented with the help of floating point situation. Okay. Sine directly comes without any problem. Mentisa is coming over here, right? So 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, this, and this one is basically the assumed one, alright? So this is what you will find the mentisa to be coming. So this is what you see over here. This is the exponent, which is coming over here. And this is where the mentisa actually starts, alright? So this is first the exponent. This exponent is appearing over here. And this is followed by mentisa. Now please note in our mentisa, it is 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1. So this one is implicit. And okay, so this one is implicit not to be represented in that particular situation. And rest everything will be appearing like that, alright? So what you can see, this red one actually is not going to appear in the number format because this is the way we have represented it, right? This is the way we wanted it. You can have different formats of floating point numbers and you can represent the numbers accordingly. The whole idea is take the floating point number, the number which you want to represent, find out what is the bias, find out the exponent, then find out the mentisa part of it, see if it is represented what way, normalized, I mean most of the cases you will find it is normalized fraction. So represent it in the form of normalized fraction and put the sign bit as it is for the mentisa. So this basically defines the number representation. But what is the number range this particular floating point representation format is going to represent? Well, for doing that we calculate several things. What we do? We first find the smallest mentisa value and the smallest mentisa with the implicit one bit followed by 23 zeros becomes, this is 0.1 followed by 23 zeros. So these are 23 zeros 4, 2, 8, 16, 20, 23 zeros, right? So this is 1 into 2 to the power minus 1 which is 0.5. So smallest mentisa in this kind of a representation is 0.5 which is not acceptable. Most of the time we represent number with the help of a zero, right? The maximum value of the mentisa in this particular case will be 0.1 followed by all ones. Now what is the value of this to once again in computing you do a lot of intelligent things and that's what we expect from you too. So rather than finding this value 2 to the power 1, 2 to the power 0, 2, 1, 2, 3 like that you just add 0.000000 last 1 into it just like the way it has been shown over here. Just add it and what you will have which actually happens to be 2 to the power minus 24. So when you add it the whole number becomes 1, alright? And therefore the value this value which is appearing over here actually is 1 minus 2 to the power minus 24. Sometimes you have to do these kinds of calculations too without loss of generality and all. On the other hand the smallest negative number happens to be maximum mentisa and minimum exponent, alright? So which happens to be once again the smallest, so now we are calculating the smallest negative number which is negative, maximum mentisa and maximum exponent. Why? Because that's how the negative numbers are the smallest is going to have the largest magnitude, right? So this is minus 1 minus 2 to the power minus 24 into 2 to the power 127 which happens to be the largest mentisa. So this is the smallest negative number. Smallest negative number is the minimum mentisa and minimum exponent. So it happens to be minus 0.5 into 2 to the power minus 128. Now this is going to be really, really close to zero. It's not going to be exactly zero but it is going to be really close to zero. So you are meeting that particular thing but not exactly in this particular case. Largest positive number is going to be 0.5 into 2 to the power minus 128. Once again it is going to be very close to zero but not exactly there and the largest positive number is going to be largest mentisa and the largest exponent. So this is how you are able to, you are able to find out, you are able to calculate the minimum, maximum kind of a thing. Now when you are talking about floating point numbers, if you remember the stories floated by IBM and floated by Intel, long time back when the Intel Pentium processor was launched. People used to say this, the precision of Intel Pentium 5 was somewhat lacking. What is this term precision means? Let's try to dwell on this particular term. After all this is represented or this is related to floating point numbers. The basic tradeoff is between the range of the numbers and the accuracy. So whenever you are dealing with floating point numbers, the tradeoff is how big the range of the number is and how accurate the number is going to be because you have the fixed number of bits available for you, maybe 64 bits or 32 bits, whatever may be the number thing. The accuracy of numbers will be higher with bigger mentisa. So if you have bigger mentisa, the accuracy is going to be higher. For example, suppose you are dealing with decimal numbers, 10.23, this has a precision of only two decimal digits. Whereas if I say 10.2345, this has a precision of four digits. Similarly, pi 3.14, this is having just two bits as precision. Whereas the value of pi is so large that even the precision number of bits which can be used after decimal can exceed even 50 in that particular case. The accurate value of pi is very, very difficult to find out. So what do you get it, 3.14 is just a, I am cutting down a lot many digits after four. So this is what is the procedure. So the accuracy of numbers will be higher with bigger mentisa. For example, with one bit binary mentisa, you can represent only 0.010 and 11, why? Because this 0.1 is implicit in both the cases. So that can be 0 or 1 in the normalized form. Whereas with two bits, the values such as 0.100, 2.111 can be represented as complete numbers. Remaining all the numbers can be represented, but they have to be truncated. So that is what we call loss of precision. Loss precision will create a truncation or round off error in number calculation. And we should be careful about these calculation errors because for computing, when you are doing computing, these errors are very, very difficult. I mean, you can imagine that whole launch of a satellite can depend on a very minute precision, right? The higher the number of bits in the mentisa, better will be the precision. So you want more number of bits. Now keeping all these things in mind, let's look at some very, very standard floating point representation, which has been developed over a period of time. This is called IEEE 754 standard for floating point numbers. So IEEE standards for single precision numbers basically says that it has an exponent significant and then what are the values and comments I have. So exponent, maximum exponent can be 255. If the significant is not equals to 0, it do represent a number, logical number. If exponent is 255, significant is 0. It represents minus or plus, minus or plus, infinite depending on the sine bit. If exponent is greater than 0, but less than 255, for 255, there is nothing, right? So if that is any, then the number is, in fact, there is a slight mistake once again over here. 255 do not represent the number. That's what you should think. Okay, within this particular range, any mantisa, which is represented by n, will represent plus minus 1 point n 2 to the power e minus 127, telling us that the bias in this particular case is 127, okay? So this is an example over there. So suppose in case n was 101, rest 20 zeros and exponent was 207, then the number which is going to come up is 1.101 remaining 23 zeros and 2 to the power 207 minus 127, which is 1.101 into 2 to the power 80. So this is the way you can represent if the number is like that, then this is what it is. What actual number is, all right? Then zero is represented when significant is, when you have zero power and significant is not equals to zero, then it represents plus minus zero point n 2 to the power minus 126, which takes care of other numbers, which are very, very close. As I was telling you that we are not approaching zero in the format which we were representing. Here you can do that. And finally there is a representation for zero where you have even the significant as well as exponent both are zero, then it represents a zero. But remember the zero is plus zero or minus zero, which normally is not the case when we are talking about the integers. The similar kind of standard exists for double precision. What will be the case in the case of double precision? The number of bits will be quite high, the Menteza bit will be quite high. And that is what you can see that over here, the exponent, this is going to be 64 bit. This is 64 bit representation out of which hardly 11 bits are devoted for Menteza, rest one bit for sine 12. So remaining 54 bits are for the significant or your Menteza. So this is 54 bit Menteza, almost all other things being the identical. So you can imagine that when whenever you used to use in programming, what terms you use float, right? It is a single precision number. It is 32 bit, right? And if you perform calculations in float, the chances of errors are quite high in comparison to double, which takes 64 bit with the 54 bit Menteza. The chances of errors are very less, not that way, the round off and truncation errors, not any other kind of errors. So this is what in nutshell I have to say. Let me try to recap the most important thing for floating point representation is to identify that point is never represented. The second thing which you should understand is that in floating point number Menteza determines the precision of your number. Exponent is always represented in a biased form. The bias is half of the range which you are representing, all right? And the Menteza is represented mostly in the normalized form. In IEEE 754 representation, there is a representation for 0 also, but it is plus minus 0, which sometimes is not that optimal, but otherwise it is okay. At least we have a representation for 0. So floating point numbers are very important numbers set as far as computer is concerned and I hope with this particular discussion you should be more clear about them. If you are not, you are most welcome to ask questions to your consular. Thank you so much.


From Hollywood, it's time now for... Johnny Deller. Get one moment, please. Oh, thank you, operator. Hello. Johnny? Yeah, that's right. Bill Ferguson at Continental Insurance and Trust. I'm glad I caught you before you left Los Angeles. Oh, I was just about to check out of my hotel here in Beverly Hills and grab the morning flight back east. Well, don't. Yeah, what's up? Part right. Part right? That wild old character who lives up in Lakewood a few miles north of Hartford. That's the one. Bad news, they come at worth a lot of money. Yeah, you can say that again. Oh?  Bill, he insisted on giving me a small bonus for it. 3,000 smackers. Wow. Yeah. So, Mr. Alvin Peabody Cardright is calling for my services. I am ready, willing, and able. Well, you contact him at once. All right, then I'll finish my banking and grab the plane. No. What? He's out there on the coast. He calls it, little. He has a place right there in Beverly Hills at 10-321 North Roxbury Drive. 10-321 North Roxbury. Did he tell you what it's all about? All these attempts have been made on his life over the years. Yeah, I know. And, Johnny... Yeah? Don't forget that Cardright has happened to us. I see what you mean. Okay, Bill, I'll be in touch. In the exciting adventures of the man with the action-packed expense account, America's fabulous freelance insurance investigator, Garst truly, Johnny Dollar. Expense accounts submitted by Special Investigator Johnny Dollar to the Continental Insurance & Trust Company Home Office, Hartford, Connecticut. Following is an account of expenses incurred during my investigation of the life at stake matter. I notified the Beverly Hilton that I'd be staying over for a while and grabbed a Beverly Hills telephone directory. Expense account item 1, a call to Crescue 3-2-1-2-1. Mr. Cardright? Cardright? Yes, sir. Cardright, huh? I beg your pardon? What? You see, my name is Cardright, too. Oh, no, no. You, Miss... So, what can I do for you, Mr. Cardright? No, listen with you. This is Johnny Dollar. Remember? Yes, sir. And, Johnny... Yeah? How did you do it? To what? I put in that call to Hartford about an hour ago, and here you are, managing it. Oh, well, you see, Mr. Card... I know, but... Now, Johnny, rocket ships have happened. No, no, no. I'm afraid not. I just happened to be here already, you see? I was working on a case of it, Marl Bay. Oh, and did you solve it? Yeah, it came out all right. We have some kind of a reward for it. So, maybe I'll think of something. Oh, well, thanks, but that won't be necessary. Oh, whatever you say. I know that I'm deeply indebted to you for the things you've done for me, so, Johnny... Well, don't worry about it. All right. Yeah. Now, wait a minute. You see... What you sent for me. I did. Yeah, you called Hartford, said you wanted to see me right away. Oh, away. Who is Jonathan Peeples? He's an old friend of mine. He lives out here. I telephoned him to come running, too. Oh, well, what's it all about, Mr. Cartwright? Well, just you get yourself on over here to my house, and I'll tell you. I don't you waste any time. You just hurry. Pretty important, huh? Important? It's vital. Well, is somebody threatening you, something like that? Okay, Mr. Cartwright, I'll be right over. Hurry, Johnny. Please. Yes, sir. Yeah, old man Cartwright was as wacky as a bedbug. But what Bill Ferguson had told me was true. A lot of people had tried over the years to get to him and get to his money. So I phoned the desk for a Navus rent-a-car and started down from my room. I say, started. The young strew came barreling down the hallway, chasing a hula hoop, was probably a very nice kid, a great joy to his parents. They even grow up to be president of the United States. But as I started out the door, that hoop caught me between the knees... Oh! I came to a couple of hours later on the table at the dispensary, I guess you'd call it, there at the hotel. I was conscious of a good-looking blonde and starched white uniform standing beside me, holding a wad of cotton, he went just from my face. That's better now. That's better. Where's our hula hoop? Now, once more, take a good deep breath. Inhale, Mr. Dog. Yeah, I'll... Oh!  Just smelling salts.  You should see what you did to that metal door panel. When the child's parents said that if there's anything they can do, they can... No. No. Nurse, where's my coat? Oh, here. But you want a rest or what? No, sorry. I gotta get out of here. And thanks. I dashed out to where my rental car was waiting for me and drove to the address of North Roxbury Drive and a wealthy section of Everly Hills. A beat-up touring car that must have dated back to the early 30s was parked in the driveway. The front door of the house stood wide open. The kind rights. The kind rights. Oh, hello. Is that you? He isn't here. What? Are you Mr. Dollar?  Yeah, that's right. I'm Jonathan Peebles, Alvin's friend.  Yeah, yeah, what's the matter? He's gone. Something's happened to him.  Well, yeah? Well, from what I saw, from what I've found around here... Oh, Mr. Dollar, he's been murdered. He what? I'm sure of it. He's been murdered. The crack right has been murdered? Oh, Mr. Dollar, what can we do? Well, what happened? How long have you been here? He telephoned me. He told me to come over here that it was very urgent. Yeah, he told me the same thing. But he often does that. You know how he is. Always has to see me right away, immediately. And often it's just for some little thing like shelling some ice cream with him or seeing a new flower that's come into bloom. Yeah, I know. Most anything. So that's why I didn't hurry coming over here. And anyhow, Betsy doesn't like to be pushed. Who is Betsy? Well, that's my nice old car that's parked out front. Didn't you see it? Oh, yeah, sure. I named it Betsy after an old white horse I used to have when I first came to California. I see. A wonderful horse. And would you believe how old she was when she finally died? No. No, and I don't care now about Mr. Carderite. Oh, dear Mr. Dollar, well, when I finally got here a few minutes ago, I was surprised to find the front door standing wide open. But then I wasn't surprised either if you know what I mean. I certainly do not know what you mean. Well, I mean that he often left it open that way and I told him a thousand times he shouldn't do it, that it was careless of him and that one of these days I'm ruffian knowing about all the money he had. Well, I told him, Mr. Dollar. Yes, I'm sure you did. But that doesn't do us any good right now. Look, before we go any further, Mr. Peoples, just who are you? One of the many of Alvin Carderite's eccentric old wealthy friends? No, I beg your pardon. I didn't quite mean that the way it sounded. Well, I should hope not. Well, believe me, I may be eccentric, but I am not wealthy. It wasn't for beneficial finance. I couldn't even keep up the payments on bets. You mean to say you're still making it? Oh, now wait a minute. Mr. Carderite. Oh, yes, of course. Well, anyway, I came into the house and I called to him. I looked around for him, but there was no one here. No servants? No. And anyway, he keeps changing them so often that, well, I just can't keep up with them. So I looked all through the house. Any sign of a struggle, anything like that? No, no, no, no, no. Then I looked out the window and I saw them. Who's them? Two men walking out the driveway from back where the garage is. What did they look like? They were, well, they were awfully rough looking, but they were well dressed. So I thought perhaps they were a couple of Alvin's new servants I hadn't met. But I'd only thought about that two-road they were carrying. And the way it was drifting... Wait a minute, what's a two-road?  It is more like a suitcase. It was heavy. They could hardly carry it. And oh, Mr. Dollar... Wait a minute. Wait a minute. Listen, you said it was dripping. Oh, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes. Oh, all over the drive. Come on. I think we better take a look and close that front door. Oh, yes. Come on. These men were coming from the garage. That's right. Yes, but Alvin doesn't have a car, so what could they be doing there? Is that where he kept his old luggage? Yes, and the frozen food locker and some garden tools. Oh, oh, there. Now look. Yes. Oh. Good Lord. Oh, yes. It's blood, isn't it? Yeah. They killed him, dismembered him. Then... Oh, Mr. Dollar. It's the inspection of the garage. Nothing. I found no sign of a struggle anywhere in the house. I tried to get a description of the men he'd seen from Jonathan Peoples, but I'm afraid he wasn't much help. And yet, with that funny mind of his... Oh, dear Mr. Dollar, I'm afraid I'm so distraught that I just can't remember it all. All right. Poor Alvin. Now look, they must have had a car, Mr. Peoples. Did you notice a car out front? A car? Oh, yes. Yes, yes, yes, I did. All right. Can you describe it to me? Yes, it was a touring car in 1931. Oh, no, no, no. That's my car, I'm thinking. Oh, great. But there was another at the end of the driveway. And Mr. Dollar, I've seen that car before. What time? Well, it was a four-door sedan. It was a big car. Yeah. It was silvery on the sides and a cream color on top, like vanilla ice cream. Do you know the make? And the license number was CFU160. Oh, God. You are sure of that? No, I never forget things like that. And you say you've seen it before? Many times. Where? At the dock. Where? At the Malibu dock. That's where he keeps the Alpi car. Where? Who keeps the what? Where Alvin keeps the Alpi car. Here's the yacht. Alpi car. Alvin Peacock. Okay, okay. It's a pretty slim lead, but come on. And it was a slim one, believe me. But I couldn't see calling in the police until I had something more definite to give them. Well, here, we can take Betsy, Mr. Dollar. Are you kidding? Well, make better time than mine. Oh, yes, of course. Oh. We cut out through Westwood, then Santa Monica, then hit the coast highway and headed north. Finally, we pulled up at the entrance of the Malibu dock. Look, that's the car I told you about. Park there at the side. Yeah. Then it looks like coming here may pay off for us. But the boat, the Alpi car, it isn't at the mooring. Whitey. Oh, Whitey. Oh. I miss people. Have you seen Mr. Cart right this morning? Whitey. Well, his boat went out, though. How long ago? Oh, I'd say 10, 15 minutes. Yeah? Yeah. See it out there, going up towards Point Dune? Yeah, I said. Yeah, but those two men. What? Yeah, they had the shoreboat take them out to the Alpi car. Yeah? Well, I ought to sue them. What do you mean? That little trunk that they was carrying. You see what I'm mopping up? The messy trailer left all over the pier for me to clean up. Oh. Yes, sir. I ought to sue them. Mr. Dollar, that means they're taking poor Alvin Cartwright's dismembered body out to sea to dispose of it, and on his own. Well, he's got to find something fast enough to catch up with it out there. Well, there's that Thompson cruiser of Larry Comstock's tied up there. Yeah, who's Comstock? Oh, he has a boat and motor shop in Los Angeles. Fast enough. Well, he has a couple of big Johnson's on it. Fastest one is out here now. And call him on the phone. Tell him we borrowed it. Tell him why it's an emergency and that we'll pay him plenty for the use of it. Well, now, I don't know if you really ought to. Listen, call the Coast Guard in Santa Monica. I haven't sent out a patrol boat. Come on, people. But, Mr. Dollar, those men on the other desparados, they're killer. Oh, okay. Then stay here in the dock. I'll go along. No. Alvin was my friend. I shall help to avenge his untimely death. Maybe I should have left him behind. Of course I had a gun with me, but that wouldn't keep him from stopping a bullet if the men aboard the Alpha Car decided to shoot it out. I over the throttle wide and the twin outboards and within 15 minutes, we opened up the big 75-foot yacht. Much to my surprise, it was simply cruising along. Of course. So is not your own suspicion. That's why, Mr. Dollar. Yeah, possibly. The other must be pretty clear to him that we're chasing them. Look, look, look, the man at the wheel. That's one of the Ruffians. I saw carrying the truck with Alvin and fleeting body in it. Ruffian, man. I'm not so sure about that. And there's the other, coiling up those ropes up on the board deck. Oh, it's killer. You better stay down low, Mr. People. They're stopping the boat again. There's going to be any share. Oh, look, look, look. There's Alvin. What? Yes, Alvin. He just came up on deck. Howling. You're right. Can't you see, Mr. Dollar? They've put him together again. Yes, those kids. Alvin! Alvin! We are here! We've come to your rest. Now, what are you doing out here? Are you kidding? What? I remember now. I wanted to take you out for a nice long ride in my lovely yacht. Huh? Of course. That's why I called you. Johnny, I think you deserve something nice like this for all the good work you've done. And you've done so many fine things for me over the years. I decided I should take you on a nice long cruise. And you could relax and eat and sleep and fish and... Yes. And that's why you call the insurance company to get in touch with me. That's right. Now, wasn't that a great idea? Well, I'll be there. And I invited Jonathan long to. But an awfully funny thing happened, Johnny. No. Yes, sir, Johnny. The minute we left the dock, I just knew there was something else that I'd forgotten about. And you know what it was? Don't tell me. Of course I will. I'd forgotten to wait for you and Jonathan. Open now. Isn't that the funniest thing? Yeah, Mr. Cartwright, it sure is. Now, just a minute, Alvin. Yes, yes, Jonathan. What about those two men, those terrible killers? What did you say? Right there beside you.  They murdered you. And they... Oh, what am I saying? Oh, wait a minute. Yeah, you think it over, Mr. People. Mr. Cartwright. Yes, Jonathan. You said something else you'd forgotten. That's right. You and Jonathan. I forgot to wait for you at the house. And then when we started off, I... Well, oh, wasn't it silly of me? I forgot all about you. What was the other thing? The other thing? Yeah. Oh, yes. Oh, yes, of course. Oh, the other thing that I'd forgotten was the trunk full of nice, thick, juicy, tenderloin steaks that I'd set aside in the garage for this trip. Trunk full. Well, it was not a real trunk, just a little two-road that I had out in the garage. True. But I remembered that the minute we came on board. And so I had to send Gerald and Harold back to the house in their car together. Gerald and Harold? Oh, they're my new butler and cookie. Oh, they are the nicest boys. Oh, Gerald and Harold, come over here to the rail so my friend can... No, wait, Elvin, wait. Yes, Jonathan. You need to see those men standing there beside you. Now, why don't you and Johnny come aboard? And I'll introduce them to you. Oh, wait, just a minute. Then all that blood. What, Johnny? All that blood that was dripping out of that trunk. Oh, oh, wasn't that awful? And it was all my fault because I let the steaks fall out too much. Oh, no. All over the place. I never saw so much blood. No. But now come aboard and we'll take the nice trip that I planned for you. Come on now. Hey, you know something? It's crazy. It's wild. But it does my heart good to get tangled up in something like this sometimes. Helps keep away the ulcers. As for the expense account, forget it. Alvin P. Buddy Cardright shoved a check into my hands before I left that would cover the expense account a dozen times over. As for Larry Comstock, the man whose boat I'd appropriated, well, when he heard the story of what had happened, he wouldn't accept a penny for it. So that's that. Yours truly, Johnny Deller. Here is our star to tell you about next week's story. Instead of telling you about next week's yarn, congratulations to station WDBJ in Roanoke, Virginia. Five years on the air. Pretty good, huh? Yours truly, Johnny Deller. Johnny Deller starring Bob Bailey originates in Hollywood and is written, produced and directed by Jack Johnstone. Heard in our cast were Virginia Gregg, Jean Tatum, Howard McNeer, Forrest Lewis, Joseph Kearns, and Paul Dubal. Be sure to join us next week, same time and station, for another exciting story of yours truly, Johnny Deller. This is Dan Coverley speaking.


Hello, I'm Tiffany Barsodi of Heal and Thrive. I'm going to give you a little information about the four archetypes of survival.  Now all of these we all have. Many people want to negotiate and not have them, but it's a truth that we all have them. And this is something that was proposed by, and I see it live out, through Carolyn Mace's work. Now the idea of archetypes didn't originate with her. There are Carl Jung and many other teachers who taught about the archetypes, which is really the symbolism of the subconscious mind. So the opportunity to know and interrelate with these archetypes is very important also on the journey for knowing thyself, but also in how we negotiate our choices and manage our energy every day. The inner child is one where you will choose through a list of various types of inner child. So there's a wounded child, there's an orphan child, there's the magical child, the divine child, the nature child. There are many to choose from.  So there's a style, a manner in which we get to introduce ourselves to this innate archetype. That is the inner child, one that you actually get to choose from. The other ones you don't. The saboteur, the victim and the prostitute. So briefly, the saboteur is how things show up in your life and how you sabotage. So where it is that you have made choices to do certain things and maybe not take actions that have been beneficial. The victim is how we victimize ourself. How we keep ourselves in a pattern of whether it's playing small or from the things that we eat or the choices that we continue to make. This is in one way or in several ways how we actually can victimize ourselves. The other one is the prostitute. So it's a little more, it sounds kind of daunting, but if you think about the prostitute from the angle of how it is that we negotiate away our power. Having to do with what is it that we need from somebody that we are willing to give a piece of ourselves for. And these are good questions to be able to understand because all of these archetypes have a light and a shadow side. The objective is to know both sides, not just the light and not just the shadow. And by getting to know them, they're helpful. These are also sometimes called the inner critic committee and they get a lot of their information from our early childhood. So if you're interested in learning more about these archetypes and how they fit in with personal self-integration or just these archetypes in general, I'm happy to share with you. Please book a 15 minute free consult at your convenience and I will look forward to speaking with you about them. Thank you.


Last night rain kind of spoiled the fun because we lost Marcus from a due to a postponement shame be bright I believe early due to a delay and it was a bummer because we lost two legitimately very good pitchers to You know circumstances outside of their own control. I am happy to tell you that for today We have no such concerns for MLB DFS because there are six games and not a single one has a weather notes We're gonna get to play things straight here pick our favorite plays and dive on in and play whoever we think we should For tonight, I think we got a pretty good idea of who should do well So let's dive on in and get you said for Thursday slate of MLB DFS welcome on into the solo shot That's right here on the fan duo podcast network and number fire calm My name is Jim Sonnis. I am a senior writer and analyst for number fire calm here to break down Thursday's six game main slate with lots lock set for six 40 p.m. Eastern for tonight again six 40 p.m. Eastern is the time for a lock for tonight Make sure you've got your line. It's in by then To play for this evening. Let's gonna play an alternative to slate as well But six 40 p.m. Eastern lock for the main slate like I said, no weather to note It's glorious. We get to play the best plays and I think we got some good ones We'll talk about those in just a bit but first a quick reminder to make sure you are subscribed to the number fire Daily fantasy podcast seed wherever you get your podcast tomorrow. It's not just MLB. We also have UFC and NASCAR. We got a road course coming up this week, which should be a whole lot of fun So make sure you're subscribed to the number fire daily fantasy podcast seed wherever you get your podcast and if you like what you hear Leave us a rating and review as well. The MLB season is in full swing You can play body armors free to play pick-up contest with a $10,000 prize pool take a free swing at big cash prizes courtesy of body armor Just answer questions predicting the rivalry match between The Dodgers and the Giants the more questions you get right the more points you earn and the more cash You could win get your picks in before first pitch tomorrow night at 10 to 15 p.m. Eastern Here she has to win a share of $10,000 you can sign up for free at Fandall comm slash free slash contest slash body armor edge again That's Fandall comm slash free slash contest slash body armor edge Make sure to play this free pick-up contest for your chance to win a share of $10,000 Pitching preview for this Thursday main slate Garrett Cole checks in as the highest salary picture on Fandall He's 10 8 little low for what I would expect for Garrett Cole given how good he is show Hey, oh, Tony is $9900 max freed is 98 Nick Paveda 91 then we have Jordan Lyles Steven Strasburg welcome back and a JT brew Baker as the others at $8,000 or higher I think Garrett Cole is an interim his own for tonight. I think that honestly even at 10 8 He's about $700 under salaried with where he should be. He's the top option even show. Hey, oh, Tony Being on the slates. I think it's Cole in a tier of his own That's for a couple reasons the biggest one is length the Yankees are letting Cole go as long as he wants He's gone 102 or more pitches in for his past six starts. He went 97 in the two exceptions in there He's averaged 104 in that stretch Nobody on this slate is touching that length for Garrett Cole plus he's been Disgusting while going deep in these games. He has been using his slide or more across his past six starts He has a 34% strikeout rate in that time with a 2.16 skill interactive Yeah, Ray his walk rate is 3% when you combine that with how far he's going in games Good things are gonna happen. Cole has nine to plus strikeouts and five of those six starts He has 10 plus three times. So he's been absurd. He's facing the twins. They're getting healthier Just got Carlos Correa back yesterday So not as easy of a matchup as what Cole has had recently because they got a 120 WRC plus against writings I'm not sure it matters because he's a cyborg right now The twins are not a low strikeout team. It is 75 degrees in Minneapolis.  He's under salaried He will probably be less popular than he should be so Garrett Cole to me regardless of contest type Is the top option for tonight? If you do want to pivot the top pivot is Shohio Tani the season long numbers for Tani great and In that perspective he is in Garrett Cole's tier But he's super inconsistent and that's why I put him a full tier below Cole. He is still number two though I didn't see anything super concerning in the numbers in his most recent start for Ohtani His velocity was fine. His pitch mix was fine He just got rocked and it was a tough spot because he was on the road against the Yankees and That's a tough situation a tough park to be in for a fly ball pitcher But now he's back at home Ohtani has a 2.6 1 skill interactivity I read this year with a 33% strike area and again if we just look at those numbers He is very much in Cole's tier especially when he's at home and Cole is on the road I just worried a bit about the inconsistency. He says in the Red Sox, they're pretty low strikeout team But Ohtani did strike them out 11 times and seven shutout innings back on May 5th That's also long enough ago over a month ago where I don't worry about familiarity issues So I do think Ohtani's a good pivot I think that he should be much lower roster than Cole tonight And he still has the ability to be the SP one of the night I just think I am more inclined to swallow the chalk on Cole and make Ohtani My second highest exposure player from multi-entry like I'm talking about like just these two exposure wise 70 30 75 25 in favor of Cole probably where I'm thinking for tonight I think that's the most appropriate number and I could see myself using just these two There are a couple guys think are viable outside of them, but I think it's a heavy skew towards Cole with Ohtani being number two For value plays you have a couple routes you could go I could see Jordan Lyles being fine against the Royals could match up for him not a high strikeout situation though I could see Connor Pilkington. He's got a lot of whiffs facing the A's not a bad matchup But I'm gonna cheat a bit. I'm gonna put Nick Povetta at the top here for values He's 91. I typically try to go below 9,000 so cheating by a hundred dollars, but My podcast my rules. I just think that the better is a much better play Than Lyles and Pilkington's I will go with him here Povetta does scare me lets up a lot of hard contact and he lets up fly balls and the angels Despite struggling despite using nickel back to try to break out of their slump very weird They have some dangerous guys still. I just like the strikeout potential for Povetta Povetta similar to Cole is going deep in games He has gone a hundred plus pitches in three of his past four starts and he did do it against some lesser teams But he also had eight strikeouts in nine innings of one-run ball against the Astros Overall this year Povetta has a 23 percent strikeout rate The angels as a team have a 26 percent strikeout rate against writings That puts Povetta's strikeout projection at 6.5. That is a third highest on the slate behind Cole and Otani So yeah, I'm cheating by plugging Povetta here But I just feel a lot better about him than the guys below 9,000 So Povetta to me is the top value in quotes for tonight. I don't know if I'll get there I think I might stick to just Cole and Otani I'll talk about Max Fried and things to watch too, but it might be a two-pitcher night for me tonight Just because Cole and Otani really do separate from the pack as far as stacking goes It might be tough to stack the Yankees with Cole But you can get there with the help of a value stack and because again, I think Cole is under salary So I'd like to try to do that for today I will rank the Yankees number one in terms of stacking the Yankees are facing Dylan Bundy Bundy did start the year off well, but all of his old issues have crept back up primarily It's hard contact Bundy's been trying to work in a sink or more across his past six starts which is odd because He did this change after getting off to that impressive start So it's not working He has a 19% strikeout rate in this time comes with a 41% fly ball rate and a 39% hard hit rate The results have been pretty brutal in those six starts. We've seen Bundy let up five plus earned runs three times He let up four and another that's even with two starts against Detroit and one against Oakland The Yankees are much better than that. They lead the slate with a 123 WRC plus against righties on their current active roster with a 179 ISO which ranks second So it's not a good situation for Bundy They're definitely a prime target here Even if it does require us to get more creative whether it be with our second stack or within this Yankee stack to make things work And I'm definitely willing to use some of the lower salary guys here in order to make it happen Josh Donaldson is one he's $2,900 hasn't been great since he came off the IL which is concerning given it's a shoulder injury, but He has made occasional loud contact at least so he's in play Mac Carpenter and Glaber Torres if they play if they manage to squeeze themselves in the lineup here Definitely would be in on them and I'd rank them potentially above Donaldson as well So if they play plug them in I just wouldn't go into the slate assuming that they'll play and you know having everything hinge on them Because I'm there's a good chance not other than plays Same kind of thing Joey Gallo. He's not always fun, but I think he's probably necessary here potentially so Gallo Torres Donaldson Carpenter all guys I'd be willing to use if it allows me to stack the Yankees with Garrett Cole Again, the other route though is to potentially use a lower salary in second stack One team I'm willing to stack in order to make it easier to afford Garrett Cole is the Orioles They're facing Chris Boobich. He will get the start for tonight and he just came back up from AAA and He had good strikeout numbers there But the results were rough. He had a 6.59 e array across three starts in AAA with a 9.33 e array in the major so far this year I am not a fan of using e array in small samples But the expected e array in the majors for Boobich is 9.08. That's wild stuff It's a combination of a low strikeout rain a lot of walks and a lot of hard contact And it's not specific to just 2022 either Boobich had a 4.73 skill interactive e array last year as well He just had more strikeouts and a bit less hard contact Now that those two numbers have slid backwards. He's getting crushed he did throw his change up a bunch in his first start back in the majors and He did hold Houston's scoreless across five innings. So that's good But it's not a good pitch the X Woba against it is 457 according to baseball survive and The Astros made a ton of hard contact in that game It's didn't fall in they had 11 hard hit balls on 17 balls and play believe there were two barrels in there, too So I am very on board a stack in the Orioles here in order to get me access to Garrett Cole's my pitcher and get Me access to the Yankees as one of my stacks One of the guys we should consider if he plays is Tyler Nevin Just got called backup from triple A and last year Nevin had a 229 iso against lefties between triple A in the majors He hit nine of his 17 home runs against lefties. So seems like he could potentially be a lefty bashing specialist I would not be shocked if we see Nevin bat seventh or so He's $2300. I would use him if he's in there because $2300 can go a long way to getting back up to guys like Stanton judge Rizzo etc etc in your other stack So Nevin's a guy to consider probably the prime guy I would go to among the lower salaried Orioles above rushman stuff like that So see if Nevin's in there and if he is I feel good about using him in this spot For a third stack Cleveland's offense has definitely cooled off They are no longer stroking it like they were to start this year But I do like their matchup tonight, and I'm going to go at them in this spot They're facing James Capralion who is in a pretty rough spot right now He's let up four plus earned runs in three straight starts and one was against Boston, which makes sense But the others were against Texas and Seattle He also let up four runs to the Guardians back on May 1st The peripheral say we should expect this to continue because Capralion has a 5.16 skill interactive VR ran seven starts. He has a low strikeout rate. Let's have a lot of fly balls the one thing keeping him from Kind of going completely off the rails is our hit rate It is 37% for the full season, but it was 42% last year And it's been creeping up this year as the Sanpa has expanded as well We haven't seen Cleveland in many plus matchups recently They do get one here. So I I could think could see a spot where they bounce back to their early season form based on Finally getting a good matchup where they can actually take advantage So the the Guardians to me a high quality stack and again can help you a bit and getting to the Yankees Their second stack Oscar Gonzalez is $2400 Great triple-a numbers batting in the middle of that order. I think he he's a fantastic part of the stack Josh nailers 31 impressive bounce back for him this year after that injury that he had previously 250 iso against righties across 93 plate appearances I'm willing to use miles straw for the stolen base upside Just another good route to help you splurge elsewhere. So Cleveland I think number two for me among value stacks behind the Orioles prefer the Orioles then the Guardians and then you know Using guys like Donaldson Torres carpenter, etc. etc on the Yankees to make it work So I think you can do it today. 10-8 is not bad for Cole. I would like to at least Give it a swing to see if I can jam in Cole plus Yankees and I think that I can't let's go to things to watch I do like Max Reed. He is a great pitcher. He's in a great matchup He's not the highest strikeout guy He is a 22% strikeout rate this year. The pirates are at 24% against lefties, which does give him a boost. I Would rank freed straight up above Pavetta The $700 between them does go a long way But I might still go for you to a pavetta I don't know. I think it's these four are the ones in my consideration set here is just those four Otani Cole Freed and Pavetta and I might just stick to the top two So freeze an option for sure if you really like him go ahead no objections here But the lower strikeout rate is why he's not as high on my list here And here's this even Strasburg will look like for tonight Definitely not on my radar for DFS. I do think he stretched out He went about 80 something pitches and his final rehab start. I've got him projected for 90 tonight But just an 8.4% swing and strike rate in his one triple a start It was higher in the two stints he had in double a but both those were very short outings We haven't seen Strasburg blow up since 2019. So I want to watch him I've always had a soft spot for Strasburg. He's super fun to watch But not there for DFS right now. So I want to see what he does just a wait and see for me on Strasburg Right now. I'm not exposed not opposed to some exposure to the Nationals here They're facing Trevor Rogers who is really struggling this year for some reason. I loved him last year He's very good, but hasn't had it recently 5.28 expected ERA There are many guys in the Nationals lineup I want to use against the lefty, but I think they're in play at least so Consider the Nationals, but definitely would put them a tier below the Orioles and Guardians in terms of value To help you get to the other high salary guys on the slate Let's finish up here with some digger calls for this Thursday slate the boring one I'll go Anthony Rizzo facing off against Bundy who traditionally has had issues with lefties It's not a great park for left-handed power at Target Field But Rizzo good power numbers this year puts the ball in the air a ton So go Anthony Rizzo as my Homer pick for today The fun one will go Tyler Nevin mentioned him before with the Orioles. I'd expect him to probably bat 7 8 somewhere in there. I don't think they faced a lefty since he came back up in triple a so not really sure where hope that it's But it's possible. He does wind up adding higher in the order But he's a guy who had some power last year in triple a had a good fly ball rate in triple a hasn't been as Powerful so far this year and the fly ball rate hasn't been as high, but I think there's some power in there So we'll go with Anthony Rizzo and Tyler Nevin as the home run picks for today That is all that we have here for today on the solo shot as I mentioned though tomorrow is a big day We have MLB in the morning as always we have USC We have NASCAR getting you set for a big weekend of DFS So search for the number fire daily fantasy podcast see wherever you get your podcast if you like what you hear Leave us a rating and review as well If you have any questions for me, I am on Twitter at Jim Sonnis J-i-m-s-a-n-n-e-s you can also follow the fan dual podcast network at fan dual podcast big Thank you to everyone for tuning in for today. Good luck to you with your MLB DFS lineups for tonight We'll talk to you once again tomorrow to get you set for a fun weekend DFS This has been the solo shot right here on the fan dual podcast network