I've been thinking about critical thinking for a while as it applies to my discipline because this is an issue in which we've had several conversations in our department. How do we, you know, fostering critical thinking skills, evaluating truth claims is really at the core of our pedagogical efforts in political science. But what does that mean and how do we actually apply that to our classes? And from that, you know, I've been thinking about it for many years now, but a few years ago I had the opportunity to serve as a fellow at the State Department in Washington, D.C. while I was in sabbatical. And what I noticed there is that in one's work environment as well, one has to engage in a lot of critical thinking. So when one is thinking about foreign policy questions and solutions to those questions, again, you're evaluating the facts as they're given to you. You're evaluating the assumptions that come behind those facts and you're trying to see whether the facts that present to you really mesh with what you're seeing around you. And so I wanted to, you know, once I've finished my fellowship, I wanted to come back and apply that not just to my research but to my teaching as well. So getting students to think about critical thinking as something that they learn in every class that they take at the college level and every class that they take in political science, but also thinking particularly in how they can apply that to the work environment. That, you know, when they go for interviews, when they're actually trying to impress their supervisors and their first jobs or the second jobs that they should be able to bring that skill to the forefront. Well, I think it's important to first think about what we mean by critical thinking skills. And if I may, I'll just read some of the ideas about critical thinking skills that I've found in my research, which I think could be applied to a variety of disciplines. So a critical thinker should be able to gather and assess relevant information. She should be able to arrive at well-reasoned conclusions and solutions. And these well-reasoned conclusions and solutions are really about unpacking the information that is given to one and understanding the assumptions and implications of those thoughts. And then finally she should be able to communicate effectively in order to figure out solutions to complex problems. And these attributes, I think, are shared widely across various disciplines. And I think, you know, whether one is in the hard sciences or social sciences or the arts, it can be applied in equal measure. Once we have those generalized ideas about what critical thinking is, we should apply it to our specific discipline. So for example, in my discipline in political science, it's really about evaluating truth claims that apply to public life and to public policy. And so understanding that if someone is making a particular claim about, let's say, the impact of health policy, what is the information that that person is sharing? What is the assumption that that person is sharing? And really trying to understand what the possibilities and the opportunities and the limitations are of that policy based on the ability to evaluate those claims. And that same approach, I think, can be taken across a number of disciplines.


Hello, and welcome back to the craft box. My name is Brenton today for an episode 17 If there was a 101 walkthrough solo death walkthrough series Previously we last episode in fact sandstone cheeky We finished off the grand arena and today we are going into the vault of ice So yeah, let's you were about to enter a dungeon get on him It's a dungeon, which is cool See a last episode if you haven't checked it out go do that. It was fun. We changed our stitch I believe that was last episode. I think it was Could be wrong there. Don't quote me on that. I'm can't remember. I can't remember at all So yeah, but we are going into this place now. So let's talk to shellic My heart gladdens to see you for your help is greatly needed. This will be a difficult mission Welcome almighty wizard if you seek the keeper of the fang You must first defeat the defender the guardian and the protector of the fang but wait Next you must show cunning as well as might and solve their riddles okay, so This video that we did on the rid 200 series when we got to This part actually has like it's like the second most viewed video on my channel, which is kind of crazy This door opens only when the three mysteries located throughout this greater chamber have been solved and I assume It's because there's not really any Direction for it. So people like well, how do I do this? So I will probably not cut much in this episode just so people know exactly how we do this basically You need to defeat all the bosses is a boss in here here and here and you need to feed all of them to access the To get entry to where the keeper of the fang is So yeah, that's basically it I believe they're all death, which is kind of annoying for me, but That is to be expected because a lot of the game is like a lot of the bad people Are death we're gonna head after this. I didn't know that I am going to just put in some Prisons put into Yeah, they rank for death Yeah, okay, they're both death Yeah, that's okay Okay, so yeah It's Yeah, that's basically what this dungeon is about. It's kind of hard because you It isn't really told like specifically to you what you need to do like in the quest So you kind of need to like work it out and I don't know how I probably do that as well to be honest I think I was kind of confused the first time I did it as well But so I can understand why people would be confused. So yeah, that's Why that's why I like explaining all that but yeah, no, I'm surprised that that video. She has like a lot of views If I just go to my channel now Off-box I'm gonna pop it 400. We are gonna do Might as well this You know, it's the second most viewed video on my channel the first is obviously the start of the musketeer walkthrough But yeah, I was kind of surprised.  I don't want to like have the worry about not killing because that would be bad I'll probably enchant that when I go to do the boss or do an enchanted vampire for the boss. I think that'd be good Yeah, but like surprisingly, we're nearly done with crocodile here, which is kind of cool We have like I'm gonna guess three episodes including this one left Just because the final area isn't that long It's So, yeah Little we cool And we've got another powerpup. Jeez What is this powerpup central I believe Yeah, so nearly done, which is good. Then we go into molly bone and Molly bones molly bones cool It's not too bad. It's quite an easy wish will lie. Do I not find any of the things I need ever? Literally two powerpups. What is this?  Excuse me Well, let's let's try and a glorified Banshee and see if that does anything Probably won't and it's a bad idea using it, but I will Oh, no that kill that's good There we go So, yeah, you get a mysterious reveal. You need to do this these use the braziers. This one needs to be turned to ice which is that one and Storm is that This one. So, yeah, then you hear a lock break and basically that's when Like one of the locks on the door you store I don't know if you saw but there was like three locks one of them gets removed every time you Defeat or get the clue and do it correctly. So, yeah, one of them is now removed and I've got two left So let's head over to the next boss who is over here Just a bit further down the way Yeah, it's not actually too hard these bosses are really easy Like they're not meant to be hard because obviously it's Still like easy sort of territory is not meant to be hard. Oh another wouldn't just hello 20 gold, please. Oh 18. Okay, that's even worse than the other one. I think last time. I think we got 19 Show your eyes and grieve with your heart come to the shadows and prepare to depart Well, you're a poet as well. Okay, then Let's hit on it Let's do this Let's do this We got one of you so do that Yeah, then if we probably just blade and then vampire, it'll be fine Okay Okay, 95 that's not too bad And what are we gonna do?  What is this? This is about right yet?  I can't even English. I Actually kind of like mempo. It's quite cool. So it's quite cool 632 okay, then Well, I know an unenchanted vampire with a prison will kill as long as we have a blade So that's good to know Well, let's see if we I think we have Powerpups geez This is a prison. We have to put it on the other guy. That's correct print.  Oh weakness Okay, then that's cute Stop being cute Fool We will Probably vampire either way and we'll just want it to kill. I mean sure Okay, um, yeah, I'm thinking we just we just Yeah, I think that's good idea, right? I think that's good idea No, what will wraith will wraith just for fun. We haven't we haven't had a wraith for a while fizzle Don't worry not fizzle boop boop and Boop seven seven nine perfect. Okay. That's dead and We get another mystery Let's see what that is. I think it's an obelisk one. I believe maybe it isn't yes It is Beatle rock There we go lock number two is broken. We are going to get this parchment because reagents are quite cool all the time And that would be two down one to go. So yeah, I basically just gone a circle That's just how I do it Yeah, you know, yeah, the only bad thing is you have to run all the way kind of back about to get to the boss at the end But you know, that's fine. Um, so yeah, these guys will death. So if you were doing um, I Believe that you should know you can just run down there. That's that's cheeky Um, I believe that if you were doing monstrology, you could get all of the people in here just because They're all death So you could probably get like all of them, which is really cool I'm probably not gonna do monstrology because I honestly don't think it's cool idea Honestly don't think it is a I don't know. I don't it's a cool idea, but I don't think it's Like I don't know. I don't know. I'm not like against it, but I'm not like a foreigner if you understand It's weird. I don't know. I'm weird I'm hoping for a blade that would be great 71 okay Yeah, we're gonna play that's good and we will vampire next round And then we will get out the minion and then we will blade again and we will do things and stuff and things and Powerpip Okay, that's good. I Like getting power pops because then it means we start with the next round, which is good Makes kills just so much quicker There we go once again. Oh, what's the storm shark? Oh, no, like that's that is fine 253 that is quite a lot of damage. That's fine though Oh two carpets, okay, we still need a blade And this is a duck spray, okay, that's fine 72 103 that was actually good what you're not good you're bad Hmm Sure, why not why not why not Boop Boop we can always want it next I suppose This is gonna do not much though, but that's fine. That's fine. Oh 452 that actually did more than I expect it to be so that's good to do so it's fine Boop 92 70 Seriously does it only do 71 103 that's so unfair.  She's dead. There you go. Dead D. E. D. Dead Boop, perfect There we go mystery is revealed We need a snake moon Snake Next bird sun bird Sun the mysteries and crocotopia really cool. I really like them And there was a wooden chistop here wasn't a yes there is Okay, 23. Yeah, finally 20 gold amazing, okay, and that means that the door has opened So we can now defeat the keeper of the fang So that's basically how we do this So yeah, and basically once we've defeated the keeper of the fang that's the end of the episode. So Yeah, that's cool Yeah, it's not actually too hard at all this place is actually easy. This is probably that Second most easiest dungeon in all of crocotopia. I'd say the first is the one at the end That is so easy. This is my domain. You will pay for your trespasses young wizard Okay, then Let's do this spring for boss. It's a rank for yeah rank for boss with the rank three elite.  Okay, then Oh She's got 750 health that's kind of kind of a lot. So we'll do that Goal, okay, you're not even down health yet. That's fine 64 67 okay, then And what are you doing? You're doing an ice beetle. Okay, that didn't do much 81. That's fine Okay for four perps. Oh and a power foot. Okay. Well, we will destroy you then we will blade and I'm trying to another vampire if we got one and then vampire the Boss and then we should be done.  No, J.K Slime snake, lightning snake, whatever.  I think she's got 750 We should kill, hopefully 912 yep, we killed for sure there we go Amazing nearly did a thousand. That's kind of cool sweet. So that's basically that done Let's just collect some of these reagents I saw there was ore over here and a wooden chest. Was it a wooden chest? I think it was over here. Yes, it was sweet Again, I'm gonna say how they recommend you get all three agents you say just because Obviously, I probably won't be doing much crafting on this wizard Just because I have like higher level wizards that can do it for me But like if you're like low level crafting is really good. You've done it We have the golden fang But as much as I am mesmerized by its presence I hope we never use its power at last during the great sleep We learn the power of balance and vowed never to upset it again Okay, let us hid back over to shell like the wise once again, but in the entrance fall and Then we will end off the episode right there. So, yeah Hopefully there wasn't one there to move storms Empress retreat will have spurts emperor Empress retreat is where we're going through next. I believe yeah, it is The fang Excellent now we can proceed You may wonder young wizard why we caused the great sleep The truth is we felt we had no choice Once we realized the krakat namakan had been stolen. I hope you do not feel misled. I Question the wisdom of a writing such a dangerous book But now you understand why we must fight to retrieve it We know Krakkhotep the ruling tut of the Sphinx last controlled the krakat namakan. I know him well He's certain to be hiding behind guards in the emperor's retreat Meet me inside and we will find a way to defeat him Okay, so next episode We will head on into the Empress retreat So, yeah, thank you for watching rooms that ever like and subscribe And if you're very subscribed ring that we little battles, you know exactly when I post another video Go follow us on Twitter links in description below and remember craft outside the box You


I'm going to read to you from Matthew 18, 23 to 35, message version, which sometimes says these things a lot better. I love its street nature language that it has, and it says the kingdom of God, Jesus said, is like a king who decided to square accounts with his servants. As he got underway, one servant was brought before him, who had run up a debt of $100,000. He couldn't pay, so the king ordered the man to, along with his wife, children, and goods, to be auctioned off at the slave market. The poor wretch threw himself at the king's feet and begged, Give me a chance, and I'll pay it all back. Touched by his plea, the king let him off, erasing the entire debt. The servant was no sooner out of the room when he came upon one of his fellow servants who owed him $10. He seized him by the throat and demanded he pay up now. The poor wretch threw himself down and begged, Give me a chance, and I'll pay it all back. But he would not do it. He had him arrested and put in jail until the debt was paid. When the other servants saw this going on, they were outraged and brought a detailed report to the king.  When you begged me for mercy, shouldn't you feel compelled to be merciful to your servant, to your fellow servant, who asked you for mercy. The king was furious and put the man to the screws until he paid the entire debt back. That's exactly what my Father in heaven is going to do to each one of us who doesn't forgive unconditionally anyone who asks for mercy. The context of this you may recall is Jesus is answering with this idea of what the kingdom is like, this parable, this metaphor, this insight, because Peter said how many times should we forgive someone that hurts us? And he said as many as seven, as if that was an impressive number I think, I imagine the tone, many as seven? And Jesus like tried 70 times seven. Now the Pharisees, the religious people would do the math and make it 490, assuming that what he meant was there is a limit after all on forgiveness and mercy. So when you get to 490 you're out and with some people you could use 490 up quickly. Could be a day with your children. So Jesus is telling this story in response to the question about how many times should we forgive people that hurt us and Jesus is kind of making the point that the forgiveness isn't about quantity, it's about quality. That really forgiveness is done right, you should only ever do it once. And if you forgive someone once you realize that the gift of that is more to you than to them. And to repeatedly forgive means you never forgive properly I suppose in the first place and I'm not pretending forgiveness is an easy or cheap thing, but I think the point he's making is forgiveness isn't a moral issue, it's an energy issue.  So to forgive once is an energy saving exercise, isn't it? When you think about it that way. And I think Jesus is as much saying that as anything else. But I digress a wee bit to want to get you to my magic show because he's talking about what the kingdom of God is like. He said the kingdom of God is like. When Jesus says that we have to figure out as readers and students and communicators of Scripture which part of this does he mean? Which part of this is the kingdom like? Is the kingdom like all of it? Do we overthink it? Do we get into the minutiae of the text? Some would do that. I think what he's saying the kingdom of God is like the primary principles at play in the scenario is what he expects us to take from this. He says the kingdom of God is like a merciful king ruling over a kingdom of forgiven people who should be outraged when some amongst them don't pass that on. Isn't that fair? He's saying the kingdom of God is like a merciful king ruling over a kingdom of scoundrels, of forgiven people, of debtors, of people that couldn't pay. We all owed what we couldn't pay. So he's ruling over a king, the kingdom like a king that's ruling over a kingdom whose subjects, whose citizens, all of us, no exception, all of the citizens of the kingdom, all of us are ex-offenders. We're all people that couldn't pay and should have been thrown in jail. But when we looked to him for forgiveness and for mercy, he forgave us. But the kingdom is also like other servants in the kingdom who see when one of their own does not forgive someone else like they were forgiven. And the job of the rest of the servants, the rest of the subjects, our job is to be outraged when you know someone that has been forgiven like you have that does not pass it on. Don't forget that bit about what the king is like. What happened to outrage in the church? We've been outraged about all the wrong stuff that God didn't even care about. But the kingdom is like a population that at its core has an outrageous streak because they're outrageously forgiven and are outraged when one amongst them does not do that. And the title of this message, and I'll bring you to the magic show, is love is not a gift. Love is not a gift. It's a button. Mercy, love, forgiveness, grace, kindness, acceptance, all of these we could say are expressions of this.  But I want you to understand what is at the core of this story Jesus tells is this idea that love is not one of these. This is more girly, isn't it? This present? Yeah, it's too feminine to give to a man. So I'm going to give it to you. Love is not one of those. Love is one of these. What's not love is when I decide that this belongs to me. Who do these belong to? Think about a race. Who do these belong to? They don't belong to the runners. These, this idea and the reason I've got props and I don't always use props or use them well because it's like multitasking for me. The reason I wanted to bring these two props is that you that learn visually better than audibly will remember these props more than you remember the content of my speaking and that will be a good takeaway because I want you to always from tonight onwards. This doesn't mean that you don't already know this, but this is a refresh. Want you from tonight onwards to always think of love as one of these and if you think of it as one of these and not one of them, you can't possibly hold this. You can't possibly take it home because it doesn't make sense. The people in the race that handle this don't take it home nor do they bring it with them because we are carriers and passers-of-the-button. We are not keepers and protectors of it. But we have been. We have been for generations. Our church was for 20 years. We sang about passing love on in the lyrics of our songs and in the language of our prayers and preaching. I think we were we were passing this on in our virtual reality. In the flight simulator of church life we were passing this on, but there was nobody different coming to our church to the people that were already there. You know why? Because we decided we decided we get to choose who we pass this to. So we don't pass it to people of a different color. We don't pass it to people from a different side of the tracks to us. We don't pass it to youth or elderly. We don't pass it to drug addicts or homeless people or prostitutes or homosexuals or we we we only pass it to people we feel comfortable passing it to because we don't want people to be involved in our world and if we pass them love they might think we're permitting them to be in our world. So let's be careful and I want you to know that selective baton passing is as bad as not passing. You know you know the people you know the people in the relay race don't get to decide oh I don't want to pass it to you I prefer him or you know what I'm just gonna keep it and run keep running. The race is over everybody's disqualified. If the runners hold on to this everybody's disqualified not just the one that's holding it everybody suffers. When you don't pass this on when you don't pass love on this whole church suffers just imagine and this is only a fraction of your church but just imagine if this was the entire church here tonight just imagine if every single one of you decided from tonight onwards you will see love differently you will stop receiving love as a gift that stops with you it's mine my precious you will stop protecting it warehousing it holding it cherishing it admiring it loving it showing it off taking pride in it finding your identity in it. If you would go home from tonight and decide I am going to be a passer of the button of love and you may not feel very loved but if you feel at all that God has forgiven you anything at all then you are already indebted to this king you're already one of these scoundrels that have been forgiven and whatever you feel every degree to which you feel you've been forgiven I want you to go home from tonight and start passing this on it might start with text you have to send to someone tonight might start with a phone call might start with being kind to someone that you have not been kind to might just be a simple act that no one notices no one celebrates didn't make any big difference on its own but it cost you a lot because maybe it's in the direction of someone you have not passed this on to for a long time but I gotta tell you if you don't pass this on it's not neutral it doesn't just it's not okay and it's not enough that would appear preaching about love on the heart of God and you say amen but in your heart you are harboring love and you are not passing it on or you are selective in who gets it or you are delayed in passing it on or you're making your mind up this is not an easy message this is not easy for us to do I'm I'm sitting where you're sitting in my mind when I do these messages there are some people that I don't want to pass this on to I want them to feel what it's like to not be loved to not be included because maybe they made you feel that way so I get why this becomes difficult for us to pass on but love has to be passed on see that lady's face you still got it is to pass on keep passing it on you had one job and so into this unforgiving world comes Jesus and what they hated about him was that his love was out of control he did not care who was permitted by the religious status quo to be loved and not loved and we all know don't we that he opens his massive heart and he suddenly includes people that the church were not including this was our church we included people in our circle of love that we felt were safe and we felt that we would not be overstretched and over demanded in inconvenience by and so we had our own version of passing love but we were passing in Canada between us and Jesus comes into the midst of that kind of scenario which is true for many churches around the world that have become that have become sippers and connoisseurs of love that have become backseat drivers and critics of love and if they don't feel that the love is right or the love is enough for the love is served in the way that they prefer and like they write letters to the pastor or they leave saying there's no love in this church because they have no awareness no allowance for the nature of this love so when I got outraged with our church I was outraged with myself under our church because I was part of creating the problem of our inward-lookingness I want to realize 20 years in that we had been loving ourselves and we'd been warehousing love that we had been holding on to love I realized that this was our greatest crime if you like and I wasn't outraged and I remember getting a phone call around that time from the minister's fraternal in the city every city has one watch out for them sounds very posh and something like you want to be part of but it normally isn't the minister's fraternal contacted us and invited us to be part of the minister's fraternal but they wanted something from me and they said we would love you to come and attend our meeting this week that never contacted me before I've been in the city 20 years they said because I don't if you know or not but the circus of horrors is in town and we had we are getting a protest march of all of the christians in the city we had more christians in our church than they did so I think the borrowing our strength like churches sometimes do from your church so would you get your people mobilized we're going to take placas we're going to and the circus of horrors was a big top tent that are pitched in the middle of our city in a park area and it was a circuit it was called circus of horrors and it was like you know it was like a circus ring but it was kind of based on kind of horror so all the actors were like dressed up as vampires and chainsaw massacre people and all this stuff you know the horror of the gore all the all the prosthetics and all the sort of special effects of exploding heads and blood everywhere that's the kind of vibe of the circus of horrors and it's in our city so the contacting me to come and get involved in marching against the circus of horrors and he said come here rely on your support and I said no way he said what do you mean this is so important this is the disgrace we have this in our city I said listen why would I waste my and our people's time why would you waste your people's time in protesting against a circus of horrors that will leave town tomorrow when the real circus of horrors that will never leave our city you have never called me about once I said when we when we drove our vehicles down into the red light district to reach the prostitutes I don't recall being in a queue behind your vehicle and we should have been I said there's no competition for those people because we're all trying to steal each other's people I said I wish when I went to feed the homeless that we had to get in the line behind all the other churches that have beat us to it but when we found the homeless there was no churches to be seen isn't that the circus of horrors in our town that we should all be outraged about well of course he was very offended um said a few unkind things to me that confirmed what he felt about the arrogance about church and never invited me to the to the fraternal again for which I was very happy but that's my point that for for generations we're outraged about stuff that God doesn't even care about and the stuff that God does care about we were indifferent to where's the baton gone who's got the baton no no wave it for me is it back there fantastic it's got right to the back row keep it moving see watch this now where's the present it's where I left it that's my point because who's going to give away that beautiful package you ain't gonna pass that on are you if I come to you and love takes that form but I come to you and and and give it to you like it's the most precious fragile beautiful gift in the world and it's just for you and I love you and I'm for you and there there there then we kind of feel it it stops with us it's for me I need that you know and don't get me wrong some of you in here are many people that are not here tonight that want to be here or not sure whether or not they'd be welcome because they think the church is this instead of a passer-on of love some of you in here tonight have needed a lot of love in your life but are people not here tonight that are desperate for lack of love in their life so I understand how it feels like a gift when you've had none I understand how mercy and forgiveness feels like a massive relief a gift when you've had none and this is the point that Jesus is making that the kingdom of the kingdom of God is is like people that have been forgiven this massive amount and the least of that should be that we don't hold it we don't think that that is where the kingdom stops and I gotta tell you if you want to see God mad not a lot of stuff makes God mad if you want to see God get angry then just don't pass love on a few things make God angry this is why Jesus cursed the fig tree he's not been a bad day and needs a sabbatical talking to trees he gets angry with this tree because it had no figs on it but it's a fig tree with no figs so he curses the fig tree nothing happens then the next day when they return their journey and go past the fig tree it's withered up from the roots what is what is all that about it's Jesus saying that the fig tree is a living violation of its creational mandate its creational purpose is to receive and pass on so is ours it is not just our creational mandate that was given to Adam and Eve to fill the earth and to bless the world that was all of humanity's original mandate but if we forgot it it is restored in our relationship with Christ when we enter into a new beginning with him that whole mandate comes again to the fore so it's both for us a creational mandate and a redemptive mandate we double responsible in the church for passing love on and so Jesus curses the fig tree because it's using up the soil and it's demanding attention and it's taking in the elements and enjoying the rain and the sun but it's not producing fruit so he curses it because it's a metaphor it's a picture of the state that the church was in in his generation it's still a metaphor about much of the church around the world and 98 percent of our population in England and Europe are not in church and an anti-church and I don't blame them because we have not we have not done this to the church we have done we've done this to the world we've not done that to the world we've not gone with open hearts and open arms we have more come across like this and I get why so many can't come here can't be in our churches because they don't feel the love and I want to ask you to take away from tonight that you will commit afresh to be a passer of the baton that you will not hold it another day that you will not warehouse that you will not make it about you that you don't make this church about you and one of the things you're blessed in with your leaders and this matters too in churches because sometimes our style as leaders is making the problem worse Jesus tells an interesting parable and we won't turn to it for time but but you want to make a note of it because you won't believe it's in the bible because it's one of these obscure ones that you don't read nobody mentions this parable when we're talking about the parables but it's in Luke 13 where Jesus tells a story about a man a gardener that had a vineyard and a fig tree was in the vineyard but the fig tree wasn't producing any fruit so the owner of the garden comes to the gardener and says hey I've been coming here for three years to check out the welfare the productivity of the vineyard and this fig tree is never produced any figs you need to cut it down it shouldn't be using up the soil and the gardener says to the owner you know what I know hey I'm working on it give me another year I'll dig around it I'll fertilize it I'll make sure next year we get something from it so the gardener puts up a case to justify the non-fruitfulness of the tree that has had a lot of attention and I want you to know that the most successful progressive thriving churches are not led by gardeners they're led by people with an owner mentality because owners are concerned with productivity and return for amount of labor put in ratio all progressive companies all corporates all people that know that the bottom line is about return for investment our world would not exist we would not have the infrastructures that we do we would not have companies like Apple and others that we take for granted these massive corporates we would not have them had they said you know why it doesn't really matter about a profit or a return let's just keep giving stuff away tuning stuff out and churches that are led by people with a garden mentality and gardeners are obsessed with plant welfare and owners are not but gardeners have a cut-off point owners have a cut-off point gardeners don't so this guy's asking for a fourth year the owner says it's been three years and the gardener says let's go another year and the owner's like let's plucky up because he has no right to take up the time and the attention and the effort that it's getting and I built a church where we give massive disproportionate effort and time to overfed under exercise Christians that just believed it believed that they were entitled to all this time from our pastoral care team and we'd spend hours and hours and weeks and months loving and helping and serving these people I'd be awake at night worrying about them while they were fast asleep then they'd leave saying there's no love in this church and you are blessed here because your leaders are have an ownership mentality and you should not be upset or offended by that because you need to have that with your kids and with your relationships and with where you work you need to have this hey by now we should be seeing some return some some resolve some movement some growth some some development some some response from all this time we're putting in because this is an in this picture god is a picture god is embodied in the owner god is not the gardener in this picture he's the owner coming to the gardener and this is the owner's mentality and this is my mentality as a pastor and a leader for the last 20 years but not the first 20 because I was a gardener for the first 20 and it nearly killed me trying to fertilize and dig around people that never had any intention of growing any figs it's exhausting and I changed to become an owner and I'm like no I won't see you nor we're not going to counsel you now I'm done with giving you time because I'm realizing these are the time wasters that are stopping us passing love on because they're warehousing it and they're consuming it and they're treating it as a gift and an entitlement and I'm exhausted pouring all my love into unproductive people because we didn't see love was a baton because we keep pouring into the same people and it parks itself up where's the baton gone where is it oh it's getting around eh where's the present thank you because the owner's mentality is this this is this is this is proper leadership mentality okay you don't want your pastor to not be a leader these churches are not growing it's impossible for a church to grow if the pastor is not is does not have a leadership gift because pastors by definition without that leadership edge are gardeners that are addicted to you thriving and if you don't thrive pastors take it personal because pastors are hardwired for retention we feel if you're not thriving it's our fault so we try harder and if you leave the church we're like oh it's my fault I didn't love them enough especially if they're right and tell you that because you didn't love us you never called us back so where you looked at me you're okay I'll be out of town soon don't worry about it I'm not I'm not your pastor so hold on the letter okay write it to him the owner's mentality is this and this needs to be ours and yours where you pass your love around listen his mentality is if everything in the garden is growing and the fig tree is not the problem's not the garden the problem's not the soil if I have five kids and feed them all the same food and four of them flourish and one of them doesn't the problem's not the food there's something wrong with that child the food's not helping that child because there's something in that child's physiology that means that we have a problem because everybody else is thriving and and for generations pastors keep changing the menu because one or two people aren't thriving as if it's their fault it may well be that that they are obese with love they have love obesity I just invented that in my head right now that's the post right there love obesity are you suffering from love obesity what what are you so loved up that you can hardly stand it anymore if so you are living full staying full I'm protecting your fullness and that was never the intention of God for his people where's the baton it's gone full circle I love it where's the present I know I know that line's getting tired now but maybe I'll do it one more time then I'll leave you alone I wonder if the outcome for tonight would be a good outcome that you would leave here and ask yourself am I a hoarder of love do I see it as a gift or do I see it as something that I must pass on because we're dealing here with the very DNA we're dealing with the very nature of love here Jesus said the kingdom of God is like and he's describing he's describing what mercy is like that mercy that mercy doesn't end with anyone that mercy is not mercy unless it's in motion love is not love unless it is being passed around and grace isn't grace and kindness isn't kindness if it's not being passed around there's something about it it goes off it gets passed a cell by date it starts to smell off and many churches smell off because they're warehousing stuff and stockpiling stuff and not passing it on it's passing love on that keeps the church fresh it's giving stuff away that keeps us fresh and keeps God interested but when we hoard it and hold it with anything you hold and hoard that was meant to be kept in the cycle of life these things were meant to be in the cycle of life and when it stops whenever these things stop around that place where it stops all manner of weirdness and dysfunction happens in humanity entire countries entire governments are stockpiling and hoarding and warehousing wealth and stealing it from the people and the country is dying through abject poverty and the leaders are billionaires because they're not passing on they came to government to fill their own pockets to take care of their own futures and families and don't pass it on they've got bank accounts all around the world and their people are starving so entire countries are guilty of this idea let alone churches this is something in humanity humanity do not see grace and love and kindness and blessing and prosperity and good fortune they do not see it as something to pass on because i've got to keep it in case i lose it in case i'll be without and if you've come from a poverty lack malnourished background you are malnourished of love and kindness then the moment you get some you grab it and hold it this makes relationships weird it makes marriages weird and friendships weird because one of them one of them in the marriage is a spender and one is a hoarder one gives away love and hospitality and kindness and the other one is shut down and closed because of past and history and damage and it's true of the world and so i don't think just because you're in a good progressive church that this isn't worthwhile talking to you about because i've got to tell you we don't default to we don't default to this we we always default to comfort and love and attention so we don't default to baton we default to present where's the baton where is it somebody nicked it eh ah where is it it's there yay who's got it now okay stand up you the sort of the baton stand up stand up you have the baton what's your name rachel rachel that baton looks beautiful in your hand it's red sets off your outfit well suits you well love looks good on you but you've got to pass it on love


That's exactly what uncontrolled diabetes does to your blood vessels and the consequences are nothing short of terrifying. Think heart attacks, blindness, even amputations. Yeah, it's that serious. But this isn't just another scare tactic. Let's crack open the science vault and see how high blood sugar unleashes its wrath on your most vital organs. One, heart on the firing line. High blood sugar is like a double whammy for your heart. It weakens the walls of your arteries, making them balloon out and stiffen like overripe grapes. This means less blood and oxygen reach your vital organs, paving the way for heart attacks and strokes. Imagine your heart, strong and steady, pumping life through your veins. Now picture that vital engine under siege, bombarded by the silent artillery of high blood sugar. This isn't some Hollywood action flick. It's the grim reality for millions struggling with diabetes.


Realistic Gaming here today. We are back in Roblox and we're gonna be escaping area 51 Or going into an area 51 something like that But this game is made by the same people that created high school. That should be awesome man Okay, and guys before we start this video make sure to go check out my video from yesterday Which was running over pumpkins a baby head and a skeleton with my car It was pretty crazy and if you guys go drop a comment I've been picking some winners and you're giving out some Roblox. Alright, so let's hop in. Okay So we're in the truck right now. Oh my god We're in the back seat. That's pretty cool. Okay, so it seems like we're gonna gold storm in area 51 I have no idea why but here we go Okay, by the creators of high school. I told y'all it was the same creators man But this should be awesome. I'm met in slice quabbit production Okay, so it seems like they really put effort into this game, which is good area 51 beta It's still a beta, but we should expect like some glitches or bugs Whatever man. I just got a play already. Oh Okay, now if we go welcome to every 51 realistic gaming Okay, so it seems like we're on the outskirts of every 51 right now you guys here. We are every 51 is really close from here Okay, so where are we at? We're like in the middle of the desert. Someone told me that there was a secret tunnel in that shack Okay, but we can't even get in the shack somebody break the window. I'll be waiting here for you guys to come back Wait, he's gonna wait for us here. I'll still take those walkie-talkies so we can talk if anything happens Can we trust that guy to wait for us here? Look around and find the key to open the door. Okay, so wait, there's a random key lying out here in the desert To open this wait. Oh nice. Someone found it Hey, let's go in here.   Oh my god. Okay, so let's go Everybody's flipping down here. Let's go into this tunnel and see where it takes us My god, I love this is a great idea guys. What if it's a trap? Nah, man. Okay, let's just stop thinking about all the negative things that can happen here. Okay, great So it splits up. Let's go straight. Oh my god. I'm lost Okay. Oh look this cutting pliers Looks like this one is locked. Okay, there's pliers there someone grab that so we can open that door Okay, nice, this is getting more serious keep going. All right, so let's keep going guys. There's no turning back anymore Because this is the real deal Okay, let's follow my boy Lego Matthew over here. Okay. Look, I think that's the entrance. We're looking for Okay, be careful and don't fall down there. All right. Go to the right the left is a dead end. Oh My god, somebody just falling there.   Great What do we do now guys? Dude, he just ran He's a savage. Let's try to go in the same door as they went the doors locked the code though This is not good. I know they store those codes on the computers. Let's find it Okay, so I guess this is where we all split up then There we go, the code is nine seven eight two. Okay. Nice. Where's the code door at? Nine eight seven two guys come on me nine seven eight two. Oh my god Okay, press the blue button open it there, but this room is way too dark. Oh my god I think we're just trapped it. Oh, no. I thought the two agents from earlier. Dude, they're dead. Oh My god, look, I don't know what's going on, but we better get back outside Hey, so what is going on in this place? Yo, what's up with that music? Does anyone hear this run? Oh my god Okay, what is he talking about? I hear like a roar Where do where do we run off to though? Okay, I hear a weird noise. Oh My god, what is that thing dude? It's eating everybody Okay, so where do we run off to? Guys, I think this is our dead end right here dude. Oh my god. Just a walking talking run Okay, I'm ready Run run run. Oh my god. Okay. Hopefully we can get away from this thing Where exactly do we run off to?  That thing is humongous. Okay, where do we run off to? Oh Vanished what was that?  It's just me and Baldy left What's up Baldy my boy never expected that let's get going now We can't go where we came from the monster escaped there. Oh great. Okay. Let's escape through the vents It's not screwdriver around here earlier. Oh my god. Okay, so we don't find a screwdriver now Where are we gonna find a screwdriver here? Okay, so my father's screwdriver. I Would be somewhere around here. Oh, there it is. Okay. Nice. All right got the screwdriver dude That was like a demogorgon type of monster He was freaky We got those events Humongous vents I've ever seen in my life. Hey, awesome. Get in go go go. Okay, great. Hopefully the demogorgon doesn't end up in here Dude, it's so dark The vent is broken. We'll have to go down here. Okay, great Now what got it? This is where they hide all the classified information Okay, so we're where all the files are hidden. Let's find something interesting. Let's find some interesting documents quickly Okay, so we're gonna find some stuff and steal it from every 51 I got a document saying Prizman was too scared of high school. What is it? Is that like the creator of high school? Look what I just found I told you that camping murder was all organized by the CIA What and the first trendsetter horror story game is called Resident Evil That is pretty true here. Look what this is John's Yeah, I don't know how to pronounce that. Oh wait. Never mind that one miss red Okay, so we're really going through some deep information remember that high school case. It was just a wait. Do you hear that? Oh, no, dude What? Oh my god Well, no, it's the in the alien hanging down there. Dude. He was running right at us Okay, wait, is he still up there?  He's right there. No, please leave me alone What am I gonna do against this monster alien? He's stuck right there. Please stay stuck. Oh, no, can we go through the craze? Okay, I'm safe for now. Oh my god Okay, what are we supposed to do here? You know what? I'm just gonna make it run for it. Please don't come up here. Oh my god, okay, so this is like Can you stop doing that? We're easy yet Okay, nice. Oh the gate opens Dude, we have to make a run for it Everybody get down. Okay, so we have to run out there What? That was it survival part one. Thank you for playing the beta part two ten one twenty nineteen My god, that was super loud. Okay, so it seems like the update was supposed to come out today But if you click on the game like on the page, let me see um If you click on the page right here says beta delight So it seems like the second part isn't gonna come out yet Like it might come out in the next couple days or whatever. Oh my god That was like the most child over dammel gorgon monster licking thing i've ever seen man. What's up Anita got Anita right here All right, you guys Well, thank you guys for watching. Thank you guys for the amazing support If you guys enjoyed the video make sure to slap the like button if you're new to the channel Make sure to subscribe and turn that notification bell on and I will see you guys in the next one.  It's so beautiful show them mic Okay, so back to the video today We're gonna be running stuff over while halloween items since it's october and halloween is like 30 days away. I believe right mic. Yep. Okay 30 days away.  Well, actually we got three pumpkins. There's one under the tire right now Okay, so we're gonna be doing that for today. So join me and mike and smashing while running things over with the car And see how it goes. All right, bro. So what are you trying to run over first? Okay, so first we're gonna be running over the pumpkin, which we ever have under the tire Wait one one we're gonna do run over one and then we're gonna run over two So that's gonna be crazy And then we're gonna run over this where should we run over last the skeleton or the baby head? I feel like we should do the baby head last because it has the baby head is the freakies because look Scary I said we do that one last Yeah, let's say the last all right guys, so I'm gonna start running over the pumpkin as we speak So let me put this in reverse and see how this goes Go keep going keep going. Oh wait, hold on. It's out of the frame. It's not moving. All right Go It pushed it bro. We couldn't get the shot out of the way. We pushed it out of the way We couldn't get the money shot. Oh my god. No, look at the destruction pumpkin. Oh my god We're gonna have to do around two So we messed up on our first try, but we have two more pumpkins in the bag And let's see how that goes. All right guys, so as you can see we obviously messed up because like the pumpkin skid Instead of like staying in place So we're using the last pumpkin to like try to stop the other pumpkins from moving where we're backing up So let's see how temp number two goes. All right, go Only one of them popped Okay, I'm gonna run it over here. Put it back ready. All right go


You can build a festive ornament that plays clips from your favorite holiday movies using a round TMP display in Adafruit's Qualia ESP32S3. This project uses a round 2.1-inch capacitive touchscreen with 480 x 480 pixels to play video clips stored on a microSD card. The video loops indefinitely and you can tap anywhere on the display to play the next video making this one of the most unique ornaments. Powered by the Adafruit Qualia ESP32S3, this devboard is designed to work with RGB TTL displays in peculiar shapes and sizes. The electronics are housed in a compact enclosure that can hang on your tree with access to the SD card slot. Installing software on the Qualia board is as easy as dragging and dropping the ready-to-go UF2 file thanks to the tiny USB bootloader. You can use the Convert IO website to encode your favorite videos to the MJPEG format and resize them for the 480 x 480 round display. Then just save your encoded videos to your microSD card. For a full tutorial and files, head over to learn.adafruit.com. You can get the parts to build this project, the links are in the description. 3D print the parts in your favorite PLA filament or have a 3D printing service, print them for you. Plug and play JST cables make it easy to connect the microSD card breakout to the Qualia ESP32S3. The round display is secured to the enclosure and held in place with a snap fit insert. The SD card breakout and the Qualia board are secured to the built-in standoffs with machine screws. The components are cleverly positioned with proper clearances to connect the display. The back cover snap fits making it easy to open back up if you ever need to. Use the ornament's built-in loop to hang on your tree and you can power it with either a USB power supply or a USB battery bank. We hope this inspires you to check out the Qualia ESP32S3 for your next video-based projects.


We've talked about the properties of waves, including some properties, that are unique to waves. Chief amongst those, the ability to be in more than one state at once. You have one oscillation of a medium, and another oscillation of a medium, and they can both be there at the same time, and they just add constructively or de-constructively to any point in the medium. Also, waves within a medium, their speed is only really affected by the medium. If you have a particular shape of wave, in a particular medium, it must do something. It can't be faster or slower than that, because the only reason it's moving is because of the interactions of the different parts of the medium with each other. What we haven't talked about is what happens when a wave is moving in a medium, and the medium changes, either fast or slow. What happens at the boundaries of media? So if you take a still pool of water in a bathtub, or something with a clearly defined boundary, and you start making a disturbance in the center, then it's going to send out ripples, and the ripples will go out, and you'll see this happen, and they'll get smaller as they go out, because the energy has to be spread out across the entire circle, so the amplitude goes down, but it's still heading out. And what happens when it hits the edge? Well, you've seen this, and if you haven't seen this, you can go and see this any time. What happens is that those ripples reflect, and so the wave reflects, and it bounces off basically as a lovely mirror image, just like normal optical reflection, and comes back. And so these waves will be going out, or in this direction they'll be going forwards, and these waves are coming back and spreading out. And what you get is these beautiful interference patterns as the ripples go on top of each other. Now if you watch that really carefully, which is probably easier with just a one-dimensional wave, like a string up against a wall, or something heavy, so you have a string attached to a wall, and you're sending a wave at it, then what you'll find is the wave reflects fine, and it in fact goes upside down when it does the reflection. So it'll come up to this wall and reflect, and come back pretty much exactly as it came except upside down. And if you have a less dramatic kind of transition, for example, you might be going from a light rope to a heavy rope, then what's going to happen then? Well, if you put in a wave, then when it gets that boundary, something interesting will happen. And the first thing is you get a reflection. So that wave is going to reflect just as though it had bounced off something hard. But the extra interesting thing that will happen is that you'll also have some of the wave continue to go on the way it was before. And so in this large, heavy piece of material, you'll actually get a small wave going forwards as well. And so what you get is you get reflection, yes, but you also get transmission. And this is something, of course, that a wave can do that a particle can't. You can have it go through and come back at the same time. Now, of course, the energy in this part of the wave, plus the energy in this part of the wave, can't be greater than the initial energy, but you can still have both transmission and reflection provided you get the right amounts of each. Now, if you go the other way from a wave in a heavier material like this, that transfers into a light material, then you'll get transmission and reflection again. But the only difference is that in this case, the reflection doesn't go upside down. And the property that affects whether or not a wave is going to reflect a boundary doesn't depend on any other property of the material really, other than the speed of the wave and the way the speed of the wave will change. So in this region, the speed of the wave is fast. And when it goes into a slow speed area, it tends to reflect and invert. And here we're going from a slow speed to a high speed area.


It was this game was tied up with over a minute left to play what did it take to close out this game? Took not being soft honestly we'd be coming out too soft sometimes and Basketball is meant to be played at a high level high level intensity and our fans will let us know if we're not playing hard enough So I appreciate that and you know, it just makes us want to go harder really We want to we want to take this to a championship run We got to do the little things to win and that includes doing everything every possession Kyra You had 30.7 assists 11 of 24 from the field what allowed you to be so successful? Sounds like Kobe numbers and Kyrie numbers right there 11-24 for a good night. So I'll take it You know, and I'm glad that we got to do it as a team We showed our resolve in the third and fourth quarter and that's what we got to do from the start of the game But this feels good to get our first home win and now we gotta get on the road And you guys won the turnover battle. How did the defensive intensities feel this win?  Thanks Kyrie back to you. I am


Hi, this is Yoav Sapil Bhartiya and welcome to another episode of TFI Newsroom and today we have with us once again Greg Kurtzer, founder of Rocket Linux. Greg is great to have you on the show. Thank you so much. It's great to be here. From your perspective, how do you see these changes that it is making? Red Hat for a number of years have released their source code as part of CentoStream for the last couple of years. They have mentioned that in order to increase their efficiency internally, they were not going to be posting all of the rel source code to CentoStream moving forward and that they were going to be making this available specifically to their customers and their customers alone. Now, that obviously creates a number of challenges for anybody who is downstream of Red Hat Enterprise Linux in terms of building an operating system or any solution around that. And so we got hit with that kind of hard. The news was pretty shocking to us and to the community. So we had to figure out how to move forward. What does it mean for you folks, all the downstream that are in a red hat clone? Typically, Red Hat Enterprise Linux is a solution that they charged for. So if you want to get access to that source code or those binaries or that operating system, you pay and you go into a contract with Red Hat. Now, given the fact that most of the code that is part of Red Hat Enterprise Linux is freely available from upstream via the community, this is all open source and they're leveraging that open source code. There's a lot of people out there in the world who do feel as though that, well, everything that is based on that should always continue to remain freely distributed. And so Rocky, Alma, Sentos, Beforehand and other downstream derivatives, we make this source code and we make this platform still available, it's still freely available to everyone in the world. And that's one of the reasons that so many people leverage this is because you have that compatibility and you have that availability again to everybody out there in the community. What does it mean for Rocky Linux? How will you build the future versions of Rocky Linux when Sentos reaches the end of life? The announcements about this were very disruptive to the community. There were a lot of people that were very upset and there was a lot of concern as you can probably imagine. All of a sudden, again, we went from a 20 years of legacy of Sentos being a freely available and compatible version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux. To now all of a sudden, we've gotten news that that's going to be more difficult and a lot of people even said this was now not going to be possible. We went forward and tried to figure out what does this actually mean? And we actually started seeing this a little bit before the announcement. We started seeing that not all of the versions of software that was in Red Hat Enterprise Linux was making its way into Sentos Stream. So we've seen these bugs before happen, so we figured it was just a bug and we waited a little bit and then this announcement came out. So now we knew that it wasn't actually a bug. It was by intention. There's been a number of conversations and opinions that have come out across the internet at this point. And yeah, so long story short, we got very nervous. Our community got very nervous. We looked into what does it actually mean? And we can confirm that not all of the sources in Red Hat Enterprise Linux are available publicly anymore, at least via Sentos Stream, which was how we were supposed to get it. That was how we were asked to get it from Red Hat two, two and a half years ago. So we started looking at options and alternatives. And it didn't take us long to figure out that there's actually multiple different ways that we can continue to get the source code. And so we're actually not concerned that Rocky can continue. This disruption is not going to change anything for our user base or for our community. As a matter of fact, it makes it a little bit more difficult for some of our volunteers and some of our community members to to obtain the source code. But for the most part, we're confident that we can continue moving forward. Again, assuming nothing else changes. What is your plan? There's a couple of different options. One option is, of course, we're going to continue to use Sentos Stream. Another option is Oracle. Oracle Linux does exist. And they are, at least to my knowledge, still releasing their source code. Some of my team members actually reviewed that. And I believe that they found that that was an up potential option as well. But we did want to stay more in alignment with Red Hat first and foremost. So there's two ways that you can obtain the Red Hat source code today. The first way is with the universal base container images, the UVIs. Those are freely available to everybody. You can go download those from Docker or from wherever else. And from that, you can obtain all the binaries for Red Hat Enterprise Linux as that is what it is based on. So there's definitely an option there. Because you can obtain those binaries, you can also obtain that source code. The other option, and this one actually seems more compelling to us because it's a little bit easier to deal with, is using cloud instances. Now, if you were to go to AWS or you go to GCP and obtain a pay-as-you-go type cloud instance for Red Hat Enterprise Linux, there is no click-through agreement that you need to abide by in terms of limiting the redistribution of that source code. And again, because you can get access to those binaries and you can get access to the source code. So that is one way that we are predominantly going forward on everything that is not in CentOStreme. Oh, and of course, I should also mention, there's always upstream. Like truly upstream, like in the community, you know, above Red Hat. So we do do that in a number of different cases, usually for something called hidden build requirements or hidden dependencies. We will go upstream to download those packages and then build binaries out of that and then we build against those binaries in many cases. So we use numerous ways of getting the source code. But I think the important message here is that we do have complete confidence that this, again, is not changing anything from the Rocky Linux perspective for our community and for our user base. Everything is still moving exactly as it was before, so nothing has actually changed. I mean, of course, we cannot talk about what is Red Hat's motivation, but when things do change in the world, you know, we have seen a lot of companies that change their licenses from fully open source, which is compatible with GanuGPL to something which is not compatible, but because they are worried about cloud players or what do you think is actually happening here? We've seen this a number of times over the last, I'd almost say almost a decade back now. You know, one of the first ones that made a lot of press was MongoDB when they changed their license. And again, it's happened a number of times between then and CentOS and even since then, Elasticsearch changed their license. This is something that I learned from via direct experience. Whenever a company is specifically engaged with open source, it's very difficult for that company to always act in the best interest of the community. It's, you know, decisions about what's going to happen with that open source project are always going to end up happening, you know, kind of in closed meetings within the company and even though, you know, many companies can manage this very, very well, it's a very difficult thing to manage. As a result of that, one of the things that went into, one of the ideas that went into creation of Rocky Linux was to ensure that no single company can ever hold the project hostage. And so we built an organizational structure which is fairly different from many of the other open source foundations and projects that are out there. And we put a lot of thought and consideration into our bylaws and charter to ensure that it's always going to remain completely community centric and not being held hostage by a single company. And at the same time, we're trying to balance the needs of companies and enterprises and organizations that have professional IT individuals because it's their job to make sure that these systems stay up, that they stay maintained and we don't want to make their jobs more difficult. As a matter of fact, we want to help them sleep at night so they're not concerned with what may happen tomorrow. And we want to ensure that we have confidence of stability in terms of what it is we're bringing forth. So there was a lot of things and a lot of considerations that went into the Rocky Enterprise Software Foundation and what we're doing with Rocky Linux that I think really gave it a big advantage and has made it very compelling for a number of professional IT organizations to use Rocky Linux. When you're working on CentOS in the very early age, I think it was called Chaos or something like that. I mean, it's so much time has passed that I don't even remember it. When you're building that at that time and you're looking at because the niche that CentOS filled was kind of the way I look at the whole Debian market, folks who did not want to get into... It's not that they don't want to. There are a lot of reasons where cost can be justified or researched. So many factors why somebody would use Debian or CentOS. When you're building that and when you're working on Rocky Linux, you're like, you know what? The problem was almost the same, the challenge was the same. Of course, the time has changed and the nature has changed. Or you're like, no, we are in a different time now. No, you're exactly right. So a couple points on this. Chaos Linux was a very interesting project because I actually came from Debian. I was a user of Debian beforehand. I joined Department of Energy at Berkeley and they were already standardized on Red Hat and RPM-based Linux distributions. And from there, I was like, well, this is great, but it's not Debian. It should be Debian. It should be community. And even back then, I was kind of nervous about a single company kind of running and leading the entire direction of open source. Of course, I had a lot of faith in it. I mean, Red Hat has done remarkably well by the community for decades now. So there was faith in that. But at the same token, I really wanted to see a community RPM distribution of Linux. So I created Chaos Linux. Now, as part of that, we also decided that we wanted to try to maintain compatibility quite a bit with Red Hat Enterprise Linux. So we actually used many of the base kind of foundation libraries like GLIB-C and et cetera to make sure that we were building compatibility and getting some of the compatibility there. So we had this idea of a core operating system and then everything on top of it. That core operating system, we were kind of leveraging Red Hat Linux at the time before Red Hat Enterprise Linux. And so when they end of life to Red Hat Linux, which was freely available and then moved to Red Hat Enterprise Linux, it left us without a direct solution there. So CentOS was born. Now, there was many different pieces of CentOS which we immediately identified we needed to solve and we needed to build out. And by the way, I just want to mention, like CentOS was not the first doing this. That was another distribution called White Box Enterprise Linux. But we came along and we were like, this is something that we need. So we started building it up. Now, there were a lot of lessons learned, a lot of lessons learned, both for Chaos Linux as well as CentOS. The first version of CentOS, by the way, was called Chaos EL to indicate that it was a little bit different than what we were initially doing with Chaos Linux. But the goals were fairly different, right? One was a new operating system that had a similar base and the other one was a whole different operating system. But again, the point is, is that there was a lot of overlap and a lot of lessons learned. And we took those lessons learned and we later in time fast forward, that was one of the reasons why I've thought that I might be a good person to help to create the next version. Now that CentOS is end of life, a lot of those lessons learned from early on are still applicable and they're still important. And that was one of the reasons why I kind of stood up and raised my hand and said, I'm interested in doing this if anyone else is interested in joining me. And that's when we got about 10,000 people from the community join in. Now, specifically, a long story short, going back to your question. Yes, there were a lot of things that were very similar in terms of what we saw then and what is happening even now. And what I will just kind of end with on this question is, the open source community is remarkable. The things that fire up the open source community are changes that hurt or harm or make things more difficult or create pain for individuals. And when this happens, it empowers the open source community. It fuels the open source community to such a massive event that when we started Rocky, we had 10,000 plus people join in like a month and a half. Like it was insane watching how big that and how fastly that's quickly that scaled up. And now we're seeing exactly the same thing. Red Hat changed some of their, some of the model of how they're operating it created pain and created concern. And all of a sudden open source community got fueled again and empowered. And again, we're seeing a huge amount of interest, a huge amount of uptake in what it is we're doing and support of this vision that open source should always be freely available, freely accessible and really for and by the community. Of course, blog spirit, Twitter words, LinkedIn, things become controversial there. But after listening to you, what I do feel is number one is that open source communities are very, very resourceful. And I have never seen ever where something goes down and open source community will not pitch in to find a solution. And that's the whole point of open source right now, whatever. I mean, Linux creator, Linux kernel, that's the whole point with that, the whole GNU GPL ecosystem there. So first thing is that now there's no, second is also that from Rocky Linux's perspective, I don't see that you folks are worried about things that is guys falling. You have not only a lot of options, but you also laid out some plans also, hey, this is the way we're moving forward. So your user base doesn't have to worry about it. Is that the right summary? If like, hey, if I ask, you know that, oh, right, I'm doing something bad. This is bad is happening.  They are adjusting themselves. But we're also responding in a very positive way. And our users are not at all. They should not be worried at all. First point completely agree with, and I'll just stop there on the first point. Exactly. Second point. There was a lot of fud and hype over the change and a lot of concern. A lot of people were very nervous and for good reason, right? We didn't know what this meant. You know, as a, as a, you know, a fair criticism, I think to Red Hat is their messaging is sometimes a little hard to follow and understand exactly what the outcome of it is. Even after the end of life sent us, many people did not understand what stream was to become and what the intention was behind stream until we actually saw it and it took a year or two of actually doing it to get to that point. So I'd like to see some of the messaging being a little bit more straightforward and understandable. I think some of the Red Hat members and Red Hat team members have blogged on it and have actually done a better job explaining it than the official, the official announcements. But with that being said, there was so much concern. There was so much nervousness. I just want to encourage people like go to TheRockyLinux.org website and if there is something that is catastrophic, I promise we will post it. We will let you know. We will be transparent. Join our Mattermost chat. We will be transparent. But in terms of this and what happened, we have complete confidence at this point that the open source software is here to stay. Nothing is going anywhere and everything is going to continue. There may be some optimizations still to come that we are of course discussing and we've always been discussing. But at the same token, nothing is going to be disrupted by a firm hand of a corporation. Everything is still very stable. And I anticipate that it will continue to be. What lessons we can learn from it at the same time? What advice you would have for other communities who have created a project and they might be potential for an expedition where you're like, you know what? Because I do remember that in the beginning, all the creators or founders say, no, we trust this company very well. Everything is going to be fine. And 10 years later, we're like, oh, okay. So talk about that. I think it's very important to separate community and company. From an open source project perspective, I think open source projects, and again, I kind of touched on this in the past, but open source projects should not be held hostage, controlled or owned by a company. And to fix that, it's a state of mind differentiation. We actually, as companies, like to see more companies be willing to relinquish the source code and relinquish the project into the community and create a level of separation there. When Fedora was first created, there was this idea of the Fedora Foundation. And Red Hat was very active in terms of saying, let's create an open source foundation around Fedora. Now, they went back on that and it's a difficult thing to do. And it's a more difficult thing to control. And I don't know what happened in their meetings behind closed doors on why that didn't happen. But if that was up to the community, I think for sure the community would have wanted a voice of very strong opinion that, yes, that absolutely should be a nonprofit or a separate organization, a foundation that separates it from Red Hat. As of right now, there is no separation with Fedora and Red Hat. There's no separation with Sentos and Red Hat. And I don't mean to create any sort of nervousness. Again, Red Hat has done tremendously well and operated in the best interest of the community around the Fedora project. I think they've done extremely well with that. But again, if you look at the board seats, you're going to find that pretty much everybody there, not necessarily everyone, but pretty close are all members of redhat.com. And again, not to poke Red Hat for this at all, but the separation of community and company actually kind of creates a completely different landscape of who's making the decisions and who has that control. And in that case, the company can get acquired. The company can go into a different direction. The company can change direction. And that forces the company to have ethical business practices that are not holding that project hostage behind a paywall. So separation has what Rocky and the Rocky Enterprise Software Foundation has been about since day one. And that was, again, why we separated from CIQ. When I first did this, honestly, I got to tell you, my first gut feeling was, well, CIQ can fund this and we'll just go run with this. But that's not what the community said they wanted. And you got to listen to the community. So as a company, listen to the community, think about it from the perspective of the community and make sure you're setting up a structure that isn't going to hold that community hostage or stunt the growth of that community simply to hold a semblance of control of it. You don't want your project being open source and name only. You want your project being truly open source. Get the full benefit of being open source. And again, that's what we did with the Rocky Enterprise Software Foundation. What is the importance, significance, place of Rocket Linux? Because the fact is that I sometimes feel that, of course, there is a very booming ecosystem and market there, but outside of that, people don't know. So what is the ideal user base for Rocket Linux? It's changed significantly over the last, I'd say, decade. When most people thought of a system or an operating system, right? The two were just, it was one to one.  Virtualization started to change this. So you can have one base platform for your hardware, one base operating system, and then you run a series of virtual operating systems on top of it. Containers have really kind of made this, took this to an extreme level, but it also kind of broke apart what it meant to be your operating system. So on the host, you still have a one to one, you've got your base operating system on a single host or on a single cloud instance or single VM, but you still got that one to one mapping. But containers have now pivoted this considerably because when we think of an operating system, especially in Linux, it's kind of easy to think about it in two separate things. You got your kernel space, and this is the hardware interaction layer, right? It used to be called, I don't even know if it's still called this hardware abstraction layer for Windows, but you can think of this as this is the level that interacts with the hardware directly and then provides interfaces to the user space. Now the user space is a second piece.  The user space is what most people are familiar with in terms of interacting with their operating system.  So again, for many years, the user space and the kernel space also had a one to one mapping.  What we've changed recently is now you can have many different user spaces running on top of your kernel space. And the kernel has gotten very good at now kind of creating these virtual partitions and namespaces for each one of these different user spaces. So the operating system and the role of the operating system is absolutely still critically important, but it's changed. And it's changed because of this idea of virtualization first, but now containers. And when we start distributing and start thinking about containers, we start thinking about a level of portability which 10 plus years ago, we weren't thinking of. Now all of a sudden, instead of packaging and distributing RPMs or distributing just binaries and programs, you can actually distribute your entire user space, which includes all of your dependencies, includes everything. And now all of a sudden, people are like, they can be running Debian, Ubuntu, Sousa, Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Rocky all in the same system. And so the operating system has definitely changed quite a bit. And as you start now superimposing this onto cloud, microservices, Kubernetes and other sorts of platforms like that, again, you start getting this effect of how massive and important that operating system is. But it also, it's changed in the fact that they've also become kind of swappable. So a lot of interesting things to be thinking about from the operating system perspective as we continue to move forward. And I'm really interested in one area that I'm personally excited about is the idea of how do we continue to gauge standardization and compatibility between these different levels of the operating system, especially considering now how swappable they're coming. Greg, thank you so much for taking time out today and talk about this important sense you're talking about. I think the takeaway here is that the open source communities are amazing, incredible. And the sky never falls when you are relying on open source technology. We will always find a way. So that is what I might take away from this discussion. Thank you so much. And I would love to chat with you again. Thank you. Thank you Swap. It was a pleasure.


This video is called Identify Angle Relationships and is a very important video to make sure you understand the different vocabulary words like alternate exterior angles, alternate interior angles, corresponding angles, and consecutive interior angles. These vocabulary words and these relationships for angles are very important that you know them and you understand them in order to have success in Chapter 3. In this picture you can see we have three lines, a vertical line and two horizontal lines. The transversal is always going to be the line that's kind of in a group by itself. This one is alone, it's the only one that's going up and down so we'll call it the transversal. You can see there are eight angles labeled 9 through 16 and within those eight we are going to find these different relationships. Let's start with alternate exterior angles. The word alternate means on the opposite sides and exterior means outside. So alternate we're looking for an angle pair that is on alternate sides of this transversal or opposite sides of the transversal and then exterior says they will be outside of these horizontal lines. So again we're looking for an angle pair opposite sides of that vertical transversal and outside of the horizontal lines. So I see 9 and 16 as a pair and I also see 13 and 12 as a pair. They are outside of the horizontal lines and on alternate sides of the transversal. Now let's talk about alternate interior angles. Well alternate again is on opposite sides of that vertical transversal and interior means they're going to be inside of those horizontal lines. So let's look for some pairs. Angle 10 is inside those horizontal lines. Angle 15 is also inside the horizontal lines and they're on opposite sides of the transversal. So 10 and 15 will be considered a pair of alternate interior angles. What would the other pair be? If you guessed 14 and 11 you're right they're on opposite sides of the transversal inside those horizontal lines. So we have 14 and 11. The next set of angle pairs I'm looking for would be called corresponding angles. Corresponding are where they're in the same position on your graph. So if you take a look at angle 9 it's in the upper left hand corner of what I call of this intersection. Think of it as a street where the transversal means the horizontal it's in the upper left hand corner. What other angle is in the upper left hand corner? But coming from this intersection would be angle 11. So one pair of corresponding angles are 9 and 11. What would a second pair be? Well angle 13 is in the upper right hand corner of my top intersection. Angle 15 is in the upper right hand corner of my bottom intersection. So 13 and 15 would be my second pair. Well what's in the lower left hand corner of each of my intersections? If you guessed 10 and 12 you are right and they would be another set of corresponding and what's the only pair that I've missed? 14 and 16. They are in the bottom right hand corner of my intersections. Our next set of angles we need to look at are called consecutive interior angles. Well interior hopefully you're seeing the pattern we're looking at angles that are inside those horizontal lines. So we're dealing with angles 10, 11, 14, and 15. And consecutive is going to mean that they're next to each other in a sense that they're not alternate. They are not on opposite sides of the transversal but they're going to be on the same side of the transversal. So we're thinking inside those horizontal lines and on the same side of the transversal. So if I'm looking at angle 10 what angle is on the same side of the transversal on it? It would be 11. So 10 and 11 are consecutive interior as well as 14 and 15. Then to finish off this video look at angles 13 and 14. They are up here. 13 is an exterior angle, 14 is an interior one. But notice how they're adjacent. They share a side and then also notice how the side they don't share, the sides they don't share make a straight line. Hopefully you recognize that as being supplementary angles. So we can say 13 and 14 are supplementary. We can also say they are a linear pair. And then to finish up one more angle relationship 12 and 15. Well 12 and 15 they share a vertex they don't share any sides.  So sure enough if you guess that they were vertical, oops excuse me, you were right. This concludes the video identify angle relationships.