A fiery horse with a speed of light, a cloud of dust and a hearty high old silver, the loam ranger. The hatred and distrust between the Indians and the pioneers in the western United States continued long after the red men had signed treaties and retired to their reservations. The frontier might never have known peace if it had not been for the masked rider the planes. It was he who brought the renegades of both races to justice. It was he more than any other man who made possible the winning of the west. Return with us now to those thrilling days of yesteryear. From out of the past come the thundering hoof beats of the great horse silver. The loam ranger rides again. The cafe at Moss Springs held the greatest crowd in its history. Two rival factions gathered each other as they waited for the election returns. Men spoke in low tones as if to speak louder would precipitate an explosion. But finally a bulky, heavy-set man pushed his way forward until he stood in the open space dividing the two groups. At his appearance the room became silent and... Pardon him. What do you want, web? Stay right here. Well, the votes will all be counted before long, Putnam. When they are, we'll know whether you've been elected sheriff or I have. What about it? I'd like to ask a few questions first.  What are you going to do if I win? Afraid? You know I ain't. I'm just asking a question. You don't call for no answers. Why not? You ain't going to win. Well, let's not go into that. Just waste time and likely we'd end up in another fight. What I want to know is if I'm elected you're going to work with me or again me. What do you think? I hope we'll get along. I know your ideas on how this county ought to be run. I figure you're dead wrong. If you're elected, I'm willing to let bygones be bygones. I'll figure you're in office because most of the voters in the county wanted you there. I'll figure if they wanted you there, it's because they think you're right and they want things handled the way you've promised to handle them. That being the case, it'd be just my plain duty to go along with them. Sounds like you're crawling, Webb. Sounds to me like you know you're going to get beat and you're just fixing as soon as when you do, you can switch over to the winning side without it looking bad. Listen to me, Putnam. If I answer that the way it deserves to be answered, there'd be a ruckus in here that busts the place wide open. Which means you get licked in two different ways on the same night. You get beat with votes, you get beat with bullets. Hold it! Well, I guess I've got my answer. The least ways you've got the only answer you're ever going to get. And if I'm voted chair from week one fighting among ourselves, what's going to happen to the county? Better worry about your own hide. Good enough. I know how we stand. You sure do. Helen! The votes are counted. We know who shared it. He's standing right there. Tom Webb! Tom Webb! Well, he's right. He can't be. The vote was put in. That's just a coyote's point of view. Oh, Webb won, huh, Tyler? That's right. Then look out for trouble. What do you mean?  He's got a powerful following. That's right. The people who believe in him will do whatever he says. And if he can't control the county with ballots, he'll try it with bullets. I'll go back to camp. What do we do? If there's trouble, we're taking a hand. Come on. Get him up, scoundrel! Hail, silver, away! Hey, chair! Gone deep? Oh, oh. You're so busy looking over these here paper slim. I didn't hear you come in. And when I heard you say, share if I thought you were talking to somebody else. Forgot I'd been elected, I guess. Well, you've only had a week to get used to it. Yeah, that's right. Where you been? Over west, like you told me. Yeah? What'd you find out? Buttonham's edging around or something, all right. Men arriving at his place every day. So many of them, they're now camping on his grounds. Looks like the soldiers are made camp. But there's over a hundred. Talk with them, any? Find out what they're scheming. Think they'd talk to me when they know I'm one of your deputies? Don't act foolish. I'm just lucky they didn't get the notion to drill me for nosing around. I can't figure out. Anyhow, what are you asking what they're scheming for? You got any doubts? Yeah, but it ain't. You know what they're going to ride for the reservation?  But you didn't figure they were going to change their opinions, and he just caused a lost in election, did you? Shucks, they believe just what they believe before. At them reservation, Redskins are responsible for everything around here, from massacres to bunions. They're going to drive them poor engines back to the badlands just to shore us in. Maybe there'll be a few folks killed on both sides before it's done. And maybe afterwards, those engines being right mad are going to strike back so there'll be more folks killed. But Putnam and his friends don't care nothing about that. They got ideas, and they're going to act on it. Lesson, you step in and stop them. What can I do? Ain't you wearing a badge? Or is there something wrong with my eyes? Can I jail anybody for camping on Putnam's place? Nope. But it'd be nice if you could. Can I jail them for carrying arms? I cannot. If they all get together and start writing for the reservation, can I jail them for that? Nope. Well, then there you are. I was going to say I couldn't take action till after the damage was done. But when you come right down to it, I can't even then. I wouldn't have no authority. That reservation ain't in the county. But Putnam and his friends do when they get there ain't none of my affair. Well, the only ones could interfere would be the soldiers of the United States Marshals Office. Even though we'd be the ones to suffer by it. Yes, sir. Sometimes I think Putnam ought to have his full head examined. Local maverick. It ain't just that they're blaming the Indians for their troubles. What else is it? Sharks, they want that land. Make right good grazing. And eat the Indians to have nothing? Putnam don't see no reason why they should. So there's just one thing I could do. What's there? Round up the folks that think like we do and have a showdown. Now, now then I'd have to forget I'm the law. And I can't. The share of the don't pay no attention to what's legal ain't worth what it takes to pay for a star. So we just put a shine on our britches sitting here. You think of anything else? For a deputy's wages, I ain't supposed to. You're right, I thought as much.   Hey, what's that? It was a horseman right outside this window. Hurry up, fella, hurry! There he goes. He's masked. And riding the finest horse ever laid eyes on. What do you suppose? He was listening for? Yeah. I don't know. But gosh, that horse. Ain't it a beauty? Oh, hold this over. Oh, boy. Hold it. You see, Sheriff? I know what he's going to do. What that? Nothing. That bad. But the trouble is, he can't do anything, says I heard him say. When a sheriff takes the oath of office, he must stay within the law. At present, he can take no legal step to prevent Putnam going through with these plans. Still quite an encampment down there, huh? More fella come all time. You kept an eye on the ranch house? Well, me watch it. Putnam still inside? And I'm going down there. Oh, you not go. Why not? They're danger. They're heap danger. But I've got a chance at it. Why go? Someone must talk to that man. Someone has to make an attempt to bring him to his senses. You go and see you. I'll approach the house by way of the corrals. It's friends are camped on the other side. Now I'll have cover enough. Oh, you stay. No, Kimasa, but you stay. Wait for me here. You wait. I'll be back inside of 30 minutes. Come on, Silver.  Who is it? It's me, Mr. Putnam. Chandin. Oh, come in. What you want, Sandin? Just thought you ought to know that Buck Collins and Ed Birch have come to join up, boss. Uh, uh, uh, just got here. They're going to camp down on the drawer with Sims and his boys. Ed says he figures there's some fellas from down Don's Hollow that'll be coming along for long. Says he talked to them and they promised. Good. Never figured there'd be so many, boss, where having a dog on hard time rustling grub from all. The more the better. The bleep is with the grub and such. Give them all they want. They'll earn it. Uh, any notion when we'll ride? Come on. Yeah? You can pass that wood along if you like. Sure. Wait until then so everybody that's come a little have a chance to get here. Likely there'll be fellas pulling in during the night. How about Webb? Webb? Well, he's sheriff now. You think he ain't heard what's going on? What can he do? I don't know. Don't worry about that, Edgett Sandy. He won't make us no trouble. Since election, I'm kind of half glad he won off. Ties his hands. And I'll bet he's just beginning to wake up too. Well, I'm a, uh, a mask man, boss. Don't slap, brother. Well, you can't. One more from either one of you. I'm not going to do that. Well, you can't. One move from either one of you, and I'll let you have it. Sandy, stand aside. I won't. Go on. I'm going to watch you better. No. Stranger, what do you want? To let you know, Putnam, that although the sheriff can do nothing about your schemes, there are a few of us here in the county who can. What are you talking about? You mean to drive the Indians off their reservation back into the Badlands. What's that to you? Awake up, man. Don't you realize what that'll mean? At this moment, the Indians are peaceful, but you'll put everyone who can fight onto the warpath. We can handle them. And how about the innocent people who will suffer because of your greed? You know a better word for it. Are you going to claim that you have any other motive for this than to grab the land those Indians occupy? That's some of the best land of these parts. Granted. Then what right of the Redskins to have land that we could use? The right of ownership. Once all this land belonged to them. Yeah. Well, go on. What were you going to say? Yeah. Well, what I meant to say, stranger, whoever you are, you're wasting your time. We're acting tomorrow. And nothing will change your mind? Nothing. And you'll come with me? Yeah. What do you mean? All right, boys, grab him. Hey, pull him out of there. Pull him. Let him get away and outdrill everyone last. Hang on, boss. Almost. Almost. There doesn't a one, partner. You're something you didn't serve me when you came but you're in here, man. Oh, what? I've got fellas watching all the time. They knew you was here from the time you stepped in. So I see. All right, fellas. Take off his mask. The curtain falls on the first act of our Lone Ranger drama. Before the next exciting scenes, please permit us to pause for just a few moments. Now to continue our story. While the Lone Ranger was held by Putnam's men, the rancher gave the order to unmask him. Get back. You can't get away. Hold him. Stand still. You let mask friends go. Rich kid, time not take off mask. Stand still. I won't go to do nothing. Me too, too. Keep them covered, Tata. All right. I can take care of them now. Go on out. You come? Yes, Tata. I'll be right behind you. Go on. I'll keep these fellas covered while we're leaving. Don't move anyone. You will miss time, boss, man. But don't come back. Tata, call the horses. Here's Silver. Here's Scout. Putnam. You'll see me again. When you do, you'll regret it. All right, Tata. Let's go. Come on, Silver. Get him out, Scout. Shoot those men. Go. Come on, Silver. Oh, that's the way, Scout.  Tata, here's where we separate. And where you go? I'm riding to town. I'm calling on the sheriff. New chemist, Abbey. You're riding for a chief thunder cloud. What him do? I have a plan to teach those fellas with Putnam a lesson, Tata. Find thunder cloud. Get him to do as I say. Putnam's going to be glad to call off his expedition against those reservation Indians. Where are thunder cloud now? Not far from here, Tata. He and his fighting men are on a buffalo hunt this side of Wheeler's ferry. Ah. Listen, and see that thunder cloud makes no mistake. All right, Silver, old fellow. Now to see the sheriff. And tell him what's going to happen. Hurry, old boy. Come on, Silver. Come on. Oh, my, Silver. Oh, boy. Oh, there. Oh. Just this morning. Right. Well, you can't... Sheriff, one moment. Take your hand from that holster. I don't... I'm not an outlaw. I'm your friend. I'm not here to make you trouble. I'm here to save it. Huh? This morning, I learned that you wanted to stop Putnam, but couldn't. You know about him? Since this morning, I have seen and talked to him. Yeah? He's bent on going through these plans. He wouldn't listen to reason. He named me one time he ever did. And as you're aware yourself, if he does lead those men onto the reservation, there'll be nothing that you can do about it afterwards. But the United States Marshals Office will do plenty when they get the word. I doubt it.  Why won't it? Because Putnam won't attack those red men without having framed some kind of an incident first to serve as an excuse. The incident won't even have to occur. One of his followers can claim reservation Indians stole his horses. And that they attacked his cabin. But I don't see why... You think the Marshal will do anything to men who appear to be acting only because they had to? I'll tell the Marshal the truth. Every man in Putnam's party will swear that you're lying. Well, I... Well, Doug, go on it then. What's to be done? That's what I came here to tell you. You did? You got a plan? A plan and a friend. Chief Thunder Cloud. Thunder Cloud? Who's he? He has no connection with the reservation Indians. But at this moment he's not many miles from here. But I don't see how he... He's quiet and you will. Shoot. I've sent word to him. He and his brave should reach town sometime tomorrow morning. Just about the time Putnam's party will be riding on their own errand. And then what? Thunder Cloud will have his instructions. I'll give you yours. Follow them. And you can take my word, Sheriff. The reservation will be safe. It was early the next morning that the men camped at the Putnam Ranch, saddle their horses, examine their guns. Then at Putnam's command, mounted and rode steadily westward toward the Indian Reservation. Putnam rode in advance with the cowboy he called Sandy at his side. They made one stop in the middle of the morning and by noon they drew near the twin hills that marked the border between the county and the reservation. That's it, Sandy. And this ain't going to be no surprise call. What do you mean? Look there, way beyond that ridge. Smoke? Yeah. Maybe it's afraid of this. Gonna change your plans, Sandy? Why should I? There'll be land for us. And we'll still be about two to their one and better armed. Nope.  Wouldn't surprise me now that they was just around if their families packed their stuff and laid out. And they'd figure it would sneak it back when we was gone. And if they do, we've wasted our time. Well, in that case, they're going to fight. Huh? See just over that ridge now? Redskins! On their ponies. Sandy, they must have had word of this for some time. Look when the sun hits them up, they're all pitted up. They're set for the war path. How much further we going? What do you mean? I mean before we get organized to charge them. Where do we get to that grove ahead there? Uh-huh.  You can take some of the men and circle around to the south and to cover that line of trees along the creek. Yeah. Give you a chance to outflank them. Cut them off if any of them try to run for it. You handle it right, charge down on them when the time comes to take them by surprise. I reckon it couldn't be managed. Now send Dave over to the north with more fellas to do the same thing from that end. And the rest? Try and lead. We'll charge from straight in front. Those engines you see now are just likely scouts. We charge them, they'll drop back. That'll give you and Dave a chance to get into position without being seen. Yeah. Boss, you should have belonged to the Army. I could do as good as some of them soldiers. Here's the grove. Yeah, we'd better set them. All right, men, pull up. Fellas, we're just about set. Dave, I want you and Sandy to hit it. Well, there'll be a... Boss, what is it? Look back the way we came. What is it, huh? That white horse. Hate that fellow, Mass? Where'd he come from? Who is he? That's the same Mass man that was at your place. The same. He told you that he'd see you again. And he said they'd be sorry about it. Well, now we'll see who's gonna be sorry. Men, when that hombre rides up, keep him covered every second. What do you want? I'm waiting. Oh, hold it, hold it, hold it, hold it, hold it. Here's to what's your game. You heard me. Town, get back there at once. The shout-out needs you. Reach. What's this? You're not trying no tricks on me. Reach her out back. One shot at me and I'll catch your leader. Shot the gun from Putnam's hand. Putnam had him covered and the Mass man drew.  The hand is smashed. Go not hurt. Now are you going back to town or aren't you?  Hey, someone else is coming. Boss, what that gent want? Wait, he's hollering someone. Putnam, engines attacking. Get to town. Give us some help. Hey, the Mass fellow was telling the truth. It won't a trick. Oh, boy. Oh, there. Putnam, if you come in, you better hurry. You mean they really are engines there? You think I rode clear out here for help just for the fun of it? That they can't be from the reservation. Who said they was? They come from somewheres over east. Putnam, you're going to help us or ain't you? The town's in danger. You bet we'll help. Yeah, what he said, police. But come on, we're needed. Follow me. Come on. With a masked man to guide them, Putnam and his men turned their backs on the reservation and swept across the plains toward Moss Springs in the distance. When they approached town, they could see Indians racing their ponies up and down the main street. The sound of gunfire reached their ears. The sights spurred them to still greater speed and advanced upon the town like charging cavalry. Give them engines. We are so. Fill up, fill up. Let them have it. Come on, Silver, come on. There's work. I shall keep up the fight. With a coffin, give it to the critters.  Fire, meat, fire. No, Moses. Don't waste the powder. You heard the masked man first. Do as he says. Ride them down. Hey, they've seen us. They're coming up and making a run for it. The engines are high, Dylan. They're leaving. Shall we chase them? Let them go. Raining!  Anybody hurt you? Those Redskins do any damage? I don't think they had the chance. We came as fast as we could. And I'm thanking you. You saved the town. But from now on, Sheriff, you'd better see that the town's guarded all the time, eh? You figure they're going to come back? They might. Girl, if they do, they don't. You still have the reservation Indians to deal with. What's that? Where will he? Ride them off their home grounds and you'll find they won't take it without attempting to pay you back. Who said that was? Well, that's what you were about to do when I caught up with you. That was before. Before what? Before this happened. It looks to me like we'd better leave well enough alone. To reckon with their mother engines on the war path, we'd better keep from riding them on the reservation. If we don't, we'll have our heads too dark going full. You mean you're going to forget about rating their village? Ain't safe to do anything else. And you're going to work with me for a change instead of again me? If we wasn't, would we be here now? Come on, fellas. Let's have a look around. Let's see what them Redskins done before we got here. Get up there.  Well, they fell for it, Mask Man. Your part, Thunder Cloud, put on a right good show. And you played your part. And don't you worry. Nobody around here will ever let Putnam catch you under the truth. The last tunnel. Yeah. Adios. Come on, Silver. Oh, hey, hey, wait, mister. I ain't thank you yet. Now, wait, hold on. Hello, Silver. You know, the way he lit that, I wonder if that mask Jen ate the Lone Ranger. You've just heard, as a copyrighted feature of the Lone Ranger Incorporated.


Hot dog. Cock the ball. Hot dog! Yeah? Hot dog! Like up control. Hot dog. Indochible. Poochittta. Sweetel하는데 ball. Poochittta. Ding, dah, ding, dah, ding, dah, ding, da, ding, da, ding, da. Ding, dah, ding, dah, ding, da, ding, da, ding, da, ding, da. Ding, dah, ding, dah, ding, da. Ding, dah, ding, dah, ding, dah, ding, dah, ding, da, ding, dah, ding. I don't want to do this. Rex was eating in some Corbin. I'm Rex. Instagram and Twitter, I want you to get content. So juicy. I can only drum follow, no shopping. What? Follow, show official Twitter. That comes from the 80s. Ring the bell, the bell's a bell, the bell's a bell, the bell's a bell, the bell's a bell, the bell's a bell, the bell's a bell, the bell's a bell, the bell's a bell, we're acting in a video. The video is called Oscar-winning score by Air Ramon, which is obviously slimmed on. But I don't know that's what this is. Well, that's the only one he won an Oscar for. Yeah, but it doesn't give me any information, but it looks like a live performance. Unless he collaborated with somebody like a Hans Zimmer, and we didn't even know what happened. Or I think we would have known that. Or if they're just like, this is an Oscar level. Oscar level? I don't know. It doesn't give me any information here, but I'm sure it'll be amazing. Air Ramon doesn't do bad stuff. True. Unless it's a Marvel theme. No, that's the one we always bring up. It's just because it was the first thing we ever saw. No, it was actually because I remember people saying when we did that, they're like, guys, don't make this one of the first things you react to because it's not like one of his best. Doesn't mean it was bad. No, no. Here we go. It could have been from the score to Slumdog. Okay. I mean, I haven't heard that score in I don't know how long. It wasn't. Jai-ho! No, no, no, that was the ending song that was the big number at the end that was a single. So this could have been any number of things throughout the film. Wow, that was... Yeah, that was fantastic. That was beefy. Okay, it's called Mayusem and Escape from Slumdog. From Slumdog. There you go. Apparently from Slumdog millionaire. Woo! That was beef. Yeah. And he won for that, right? He sure did. So is that like the one time he's done an American film and then he won for that American film? I don't know if it's the only time he's worked on an American score. That wouldn't surprise me though. It wouldn't surprise me. Like he's that good. He's like, he just shows up once, wins the medal and then leaves. Well, he is, without question. I mean, he is, even if he hadn't won the Oscar, he's Oscar level. Oh yeah, he's up there with Hans Zimmer and who's the other big one? John Williams. Right now? Yeah, we're talking about the legends of the film. For sure. Right now it's the two most famous and most awarded composers in cinematic history are John Williams, number one. And then Hans Zimmer would be second. As well as several others that fall into place but aren't as internationally known. And he would be writing that conversation. He is absolutely in the conversation of some of the best and most famous and most confident composers. He's done, I think, far more than all of them. Absolutely. Like I just find the amount that we've reacted to, I can tell he's done thousands when everybody else has probably done hundreds. Yeah. Like every other, it seems, musical artist in India. Like done 30,000 songs. Yeah, literally tens of thousands of songs. Yeah, it's a shame. The shame being I would love for more people, not that he needs it in any way, shape, or form, they need it. I wish more people were aware of everything coming out of India, but especially his capacity as a composer. Yeah, he's just as good as it gets. Really? Yeah, as good as it gets. That was great. I loved it live. Sitar play was killing it. Killing it! Man, that was, why isn't Sitar used in orchestras here? Because it's so specific to a region that the only time they tend to use it is if they want to convey the East. Yeah. Whereas you can just do it in India and it's just part of the culture there. It's just such a beautiful instrument. It's a gorgeous instrument. And there's no reason it shouldn't. I do know that it's been used many times in films that aren't necessarily conveying Asian, but for the most part, it typically is. It's such a definitively Indian instrument. Yeah, absolutely. But yeah, he was tearing that up. Yeah, that was phenomenal. Obviously, let us know more videos that we should react to by Ehramann or other, but obviously Ehramann. And that gentleman right there that was tearing up the Sitar. I don't know his name, but let us know his name. Gorgeous. Gorgeous. Let's do it again next time, 10 times. Yeah, probably.


Thank you and welcome. This is the Education Committee in the Vermont House of Representatives on January 25th. And we are delighted to hear from Jay Ramsey. We have asked him to kind of give us an overview of career and tech centers. And I know that there will be questions, but just give us just an idea on how they're set up. I think you might have had some questions about how they're funded. And I think there were a few other questions that we have. Let's just give you the floor. Jay Ramsey from the Agency of Education. I am an Assistant Division Director in the Student Pathways Division. That's the division that oversees the implementation of Act 77, personalized learning plans and includes career technical education and adult education and literacy. And those last two are the teams that I provide support to. So I'm used to be the State CTE Director. I served in that role for five years and I work closely with our current State CTE Director and I'm happy to answer any questions you have.  We might call it the CTE 101 presentation. So I'm gonna pretend like I'm a high school student from any area in the state. And it doesn't matter what my zip code is, it doesn't matter where I live, I have access to a technical center. Okay, this system was designed, I'm gonna give you a history lesson too. It was designed post World War II in 1948 and it became a reality in the 60s. In the 40s, every high school offered some sort of vocational program and the state determined at that time it would be better if for the smaller high schools, if we could consolidate and centralize some offerings. So the tech centers were built, they're generally attached to the largest high school in the service region. I think there are 14 regions of the state. There are 17 technical centers. Chinden County is served by two technical centers, the Burlington Technical Center, which is without a facility, they're doing a great job of having the programs out in the community. It's hard for them to maintain that. And then there's the Center for Technology in Essex. In the Northeast Kingdom, in what our map calls the St. Johnsbury region, there's two centers, but they're housed at independent schools. And you might have heard independent and technical education used in a couple of different ways. I'm gonna try to clarify it. St. Johnsbury Academy and Linden Institute are independent schools in that region and they host state approved programs. And they're available to students throughout the region whether they are enrolled at St. Johnsbury Academy and Linden Institute or not. In terms of a structure of governance, we have three structures of governance in the CTE system. One structure I would call the common structure is where the, for lack of a better word, the host high school, the high school that is attached to the technical center is the entity that's responsible for the operation of the center and its budget and its facilities and then teacher contracts so on and so forth. There's 12 of those. So Burlington Technical Center is hosted by and operated by Burlington School District. Center for Technology is operated by Essex Westford. The next type of governance structure is the Regional Technical Center School District structure. And there are three of those, Middlebury in Springfield and in Bennington. And the director at that center is also the superintendent and it's responsible for, generally I'm responsible for its own facility. Sometimes they're paying a fee. For instance, in Springfield, they as part of the Howard Dean Educational Center, they pay a fee to be in that space. They have their own contracts for their teachers. So they're operating a little bit more independently than some of the other technical centers. And then the third version is the private schools or the independent schools that are hosting state approved programs, okay? And then another level on the system is the delivery model for the programs. So we have centers that, let's see, five centers offer programs in an all day model. So if I'm a student in Barrie, I'm going to attend the Central Vermont Career Center there an all day program. So rather than go to my home high school, get on a bus, go to the tech center, I'm just going directly to the tech center. And I'm there in this model for roughly four hours, that's all day. And I'm going for a full year to complete my program. I could come back, if I go in my junior year, I could come back in my senior year and participate in a different program, or I might participate in a co-op program, which means that I'm going out on a job site instead of coming to school. And I'm getting credit for that experience on the job site and I'm getting paid usually for that. All of the other centers are offering a part day or a half time model. So that commitment to me as a student means my junior year, I'm likely going to the center in the morning and then I return to my home high school for classes in the afternoon. My senior year, I will complete the program in the afternoon, and I have gone to my home high school in the morning to complete my academic classes. So that's sort of the basic structure of the whole thing. The entitlement in title 16, chapter 37 is where we find all of our rules. In addition to rules from the state board of education that I have in a binder back here that I'm referring to, and they're also on our website. But that provides additional definition around some of the areas where statute is silent or where the legislature has assigned responsibility to the state board of education for implementation. Let me think about what else I could say. There are some parts of the state where students are able to pick between regions. So south of Springfield, students in Brockton, Rockingham, and Westminster can pick whether they go to the center in Springfield or the one in Brattleboro. There are other provisions in statute where in Searsburg, Halifax, there's one supervisory union right in the middle in Southern Vermont where there's a special provision in statute that students can attend technical education in Massachusetts. And there's two different centers that they can go to down there. The thing to know about that is Massachusetts vocational education system is a comprehensive high school system and it's for four years. It's very different than ours. So that's a provision that's legislated in statute that allows them to do that. In terms of porosity across the border with New Hampshire, New Hampshire designates some of our centers as their own centers. So that means that New Hampshire's taxpayers are paying for their students to attend our technical centers. The pandemic had an effect a little bit along the border. And some changes that New Hampshire has made in terms of how they fund technical education has affected River Valley and Springfield. There is a comprehensive high school across the river called Fall Mountain and they operate a few technical education programs and they were sending students to River Valley and then they had to stop because or it drew to a little trickle because New Hampshire wanted to keep their money. And I think there's still some space for negotiating and figuring that out. But on the New York side, there's a district, the Husik Falls District that has been sending students to the Tech Center in Bennington Southwest Tech. So that kind of might not be something that is common knowledge, but is an important part of the service that our system offers to our neighboring states and that our neighboring states offer to us. Let me think about, I think I'm gonna shift it out of secondary CTE, go into adult CTE. We touched on it briefly in the joint meeting with House Commerce, but each center is supposed to have an adult CTE coordinator and that is someone who is coordinating programs for adults. And we're generally speaking about adults with a diploma. This is, and they work closely with business and employer partners to offer training or even in some cases, educational courses. So photography might be something or baking. Just some employers say we wanna give our employees an opportunity to learn something that's not related to their job. So it's a little bit of an enrichment activity that is part of it. The adult CTE programs are basically operating on a business model. They have to generate the program income. They have to pay for the salaries of the positions. The state provides what I would say is a nominal level of support to them. It really requires leadership at the local level to prioritize those programs in the budgets of the technical centers and to make those programs as robust as they possibly can be. We see the effects kind of unequally around the state. We could point to the centers that have a full-time person that do a good job serving their region and their employers and other areas haven't prioritized it for various reasons and they're not robust programs. If I come back to the student perspective, the statute comes at it from a couple of different angles. So the operative language in the statute is a resident of this state of any age who doesn't have a high school diploma is entitled to secondary CTE. Now, if I am an adult, and I am an adult, a 43-year-old who wants to participate in a secondary CTE program, I probably am going to hesitate on that because I'm not sure I want to be in a class with high school students. So that's part of the consideration here. There are some centers that do, I think a fairly good job of allowing adults into the programs and they have some clear and strict policies about the behavior of the adults in terms of how they relate to or communicate with high school students outside of their class. So that's an adult without a diploma. That money comes off the top of the Ed Fund, meaning that the district of residence isn't getting charged for that adult's presence in there. So I'm going to shift gears and say now I'm an adult who has a diploma and I want to participate in a secondary program. I can pay for that out of my own pocket and the statute says the tech center can't charge me more than 40% of their announced tuition. And I might want to do that if it's a program that's unique. So at Burlington Technical Center, they have an aviation mechanics program. I might want to participate in that because that is going to lead me to an FAA certification. I might want to participate in the electrical program at Stafford Tech Center in Rutland because it's going to help me get to that apprenticeship, help me pass my apprenticeship license one test and maybe my license two test and then I can be an apprentice. So I might make that decision. If I make the decision not to participate in secondary CTE, then I'm responsible. I can sign up for courses with adult CTE, but I'm responsible for paying that tuition. The legislature has been very generous in the last couple of years in terms of the 802 opportunities grant and the advancement grants providing money to BSAC to allow people to participate in these credential trainings. That helps, that funds the programs, that makes it available to people. But if it weren't for those, I would have to pay for it out of my own pocket or my employer would have to pay for it. The important thing to know about adult CTE programs also is that they don't qualify for Title IV programs, which is the student aid from the federal government. And I don't know the specific reasons why, but none of them are able to get that Title IV recognition or approval to allow student loans to pay for them. Can you stop right there because I'm a little confused on that funding. So I work for a company. I'd like to get certain credentials. I see I can do this aviation course or whatever it is. Yeah, so I want to get the certification. So I have to pay for that or get my employer to pay for it. You have to pay for it or you have to get a grant or a scholarship. Okay. Some external source to pay for it. The state does not cover that. Unless you're getting, right, correct. Unless you're getting a grant from Department of Labor or you're getting a grant from BESAC, that's how that would work. So from Representative Brady. So I just said, so some programs have a full-time adult CTE coordinator, but the adult CTE programs are for like a business have to generate their own income. So those programs have decided they have the funds, they have the budget capacity to, they're essentially paying for that director out of this self-sustaining, the tuition they charge, right? It's a combination they, that those funds kind of sustain the program, but from a school budget standpoint, the administrator of that center has prioritized and made a decision that some amount of local funds are going to support this position. And some centers have like an administrative assistant that helps people sign up. I'm thinking specifically, I could give you the examples, but the one that's coming to mind is Stafford in Rutland. And I would, you know, not to favor one center over another and certainly not because Representative Coopley's in the room. We hear it's fabulous. It's the best. But Stafford, Bill Lucci at Stafford, it runs almost, it seems like a little mini college. Yeah. They have a pamphlet that goes out in the mail, you can go to their website and get all kinds of information and see what their offerings are. The adult CTE coordinators have a group, you know, a statewide organization and they've made a lot of progress over the last, you know, 10 years in terms of working together and sharing resources. They created a website that people can go to and you can find the trainings that they offer through that website. If I can multitask, I could probably put it in the chat and you could see it, but you can Google just Vermont Adult Technical Education and it would show up. Can I ask a follow-up question? I'm still trying to get this straight. So what's, does S, does the Center for Technology Essex have an adult program? Okay. So that is part of the Essex-Westford regular school budget like that somewhere in that school. It should be on the Technical Center budget. Part of their budget, but it's part of that big K-12 budget too, right? Yes, but because it's working with adults it cannot use education funds. All right, that's what I missed. I didn't say it, so sorry. Representative Harrison. Any of the CTE programs carry college credits? The secondary CTE programs do. We have funded for the last, I'm gonna, this program is good just before I started, but 15 years, a program called Fast Forward. And the Tech Center teachers in different programs are teaching either CCVs curriculum or Vermont text curriculum. And that model is called a concurrent enrollment model. So the students are getting high school credit and they're getting college credit. And for the most part, students might get up to six credits. We have a couple of programs around the state. I would point to the health science program at Burlington Tech Center where students can get up to 17 college credits by the end of the program. The cheapest credits they ever get. Oh yeah. Representative James. Thanks, so just to make sure I understand the funding. So the secondary CTE centers are sort of high school students. So just the regular kind of secondary program. So we know that's funded through taxpayer approved budgets and that comes out of the Ed Fund. And then if you're an adult and you don't have a diploma, you also have a right to access the secondary CTE programs. And that comes straight off the top of the Ed Fund. So that's also taxpayer funded.  So that's why either you pay out of pocket or find some other source of funding. And that's why that particular component has to be essentially self-sustaining. Yes. Okay. Representative. Good question. We may have interrupted your flow here. So I'm not quite sure where you were headed next, but maybe, so I just, I have two things I'd like to have you talk a little bit more about how the secondary CTEs are actually funded, because it's not quite as simple as just the school budget. There's lots of money flowing back and forth and Carl Perkins grants and all that. So that's question one. And then question two, maybe after that is to talk a little bit about how does it get decided what is taught in secondary CTE? How does a program start and how does it end?  Yeah, if you wanna go back to your face, that's fine. I was getting there. I'm working my way down the list of, sorry. Thank you. Representative Conlin, if I might ask a clarifying question, is your question about, not necessarily how a program starts and end, but how does a program come to exist? And how does a program come to be discontinued? Correct. Yeah, okay. Yeah. And I look at my own CTE, I know it's a lot of it is sort of what is workforce looking for, but I think there are also other courses that are taught that aren't necessarily workforce driven. But then also once one gets up and running and established but technology or whatever passes it by or it's no longer an in-demand thing, how does a program get, yeah, cease to exist? Okay. Let's see. Well, I'm gonna, I will answer your question. I'm gonna start in a different way. And I'm gonna pick up off of what Representative Erison was asking about and say that our Tech Center students also have access to the dual enrollment program that is available to all high school students, 11th and 12th graders under Act 77. So if you're in a Tech Center, if you're a Tech Center student, you could get possibly two courses paid for under Act 77 and two or three or four paid under the fast forward program, fast forward program is funded by Perkins money that we grant to CCV and Vermont Tech to run it. So that's how that program operates. And also Tech Center students are entitled to participate in early college. So that provision where, and I don't think I said this, but you don't have to be enrolled in a high school to participate in CTE, early college requires you to unenroll from a high school. So there's still that a little bit of an access overlap there. So starting to get to your question, Representative Conlin, there's a few types of programs in Tech Centers. We have introductory programs, two types. One is called a pre-tech exploratory and that is a longer program that introduces students to all the different areas, program areas of the Tech Center that they could come to. It's available to ninth and 10th graders. We also have pre-tech foundation programs, which are introductory programs to a specific program area at the Tech Center. So if you're interested in the automotive program, you could potentially participate in a pre-tech in transportation, distribution and logistics. That's a career cluster that the auto programs fall under. And I'm going to try to stay away from the, some of the specifics around career clusters. I'll just say at once, it's an organizing structure in education around the CTE programs. So those pre-tech foundation programs are also available to ninth and 10th graders, but 11th and 12th graders could participate in them if they want to. Some of the centers use those for 11th and 12th graders to supplement students' schedules. I'm thinking about North Country Career Center at Newport where students, 11th and 12th graders might have space in their schedule for North Country Union High School and they are allowed to enroll in a pre-tech. It's just to think of it as a career exploration course. It's giving them useful information. And then we get to what I would call the regular programs, automotive technician, manufacturing, engineering, agriculture, there's a long list of programs that are available. So whatever program you want to be enrolled in, here's how that gets paid for. Okay, so the tech center around this time of year is working on setting its budget. And part of figuring out what the budget is is determining what the announced tuition is going to be. And the tech centers because as I noted, are serving students both to calculate two tuitions. The in-state tuition removes all of the state supports from the calculation. So it's a lower amount because the taxpayers of Vermont are supporting those Vermont resident students who wanna participate. So the tech centers are leaving out the state supports from that calculation. They have an out-of-state tuition, which is a higher rate that's charged to those students who are coming across the border. That's an important factor in the calculation when you might hear us talk about full-time equivalent or FTEs or the sixth semester average. The sixth semester average is an average of the historical use of the center over six semesters by individual high schools. And it is a multiplier for the in-state tuition. And so if you're Middlebury Union High School and you have a sixth semester average of I'm making up numbers 105, you're gonna take Patricia Hannaford's announced tuition and multiply it by 105 to figure out what your cost is for the next school year. And then there's a little bit of history here, but the agency makes an on behalf payment from Middlebury Union High School District's funds to the tech center. And then the tech center would bill Middlebury Union High School for the balance. So there's an on behalf payment and then there's a direct payment. So this requires the high schools to budget CTE tuition. And as we've been trying to study under Act 189, how do we change the funding system? That item in the budget is hidden to voters essentially. So you're voting up a budget, you don't really know as a voter how much the tech center tuition is. And in Act 189, the model that was proposed is just to remove that whole process from the high school's budget. And then allow the centers to create their own budget and it would add a line and this is one model that was studied. Add a line on the property tax bill that's the regional CTE tax rate. And that allows voters to see how much it costs them to make the tech center available to students in their region. So that's- I was just wondering if it would be possible to put that in writing at some point, to just follow it. I don't do as well with auditory math. Sure, I have a presentation that I had given before. I wasn't sure if that would be helpful now, but I'm hearing it is. So I'll be happy to share it with the committee after and if you want me to come back and talk you through it, I can do that. As we work through the bill, I think that that will be a question. So have it ready to go. All right, so I'll start. Then I won't get into more specifics about it, but I'm gonna switch to the different categories of funding. So if we think of that CTE tuition as a foundation for this house that we're building, the next layer up is the support that is provided by the state. So there's salary assistance for the administrative positions. And this is something that's been around, I think, since the 80s. Salary assistance for five different positions, director, assistant director, guidance, co-op, and I'm forgetting the other one. I apologize, I've gotten this far without forgetting anything. So there's salary assistance. There's tuition reduction, which is a supplemental grant. There's also a provision that allows for additional funds to be assigned to a center that's experiencing FTE growth. So if the numbers are suggesting that the center is growing and they need more money to make that sustainable, we have a provision that allows for that. We provide transportation assistance to school districts to offset the cost of transporting students to and from the center that has, I'm gonna say been underutilized a little bit. So there's an awareness campaign, I think that we have to undertake to make sure that business managers and administrators know that that money is available. And then on top of those, there's the federal money. So for context, the kind of the scope of the funds that the state provides or that locals provide is about in the ballpark of $50 million. And the Perkins program from the federal government is $5 million. And that is distributed by formula and that formula prioritizes like most of the federal programs distribution primarily by poverty, census data of poverty in a region. Oh, sorry, could you just repeat where the $50 million came from? The $50 million is a rough estimate of all of the local money that pays for tuition and the state supports into the tech centers. And those state supports are out of the head fund? Yes, unless it's adult CTE and then they're out of the general fund or the other ways that I talked about. And then to get to the other question, Representative Conlon asked about what is taught? We have on our website and we just updated these, the programs are based on what we previously called competency and task lists. So it's basically performance-based students have to show that they're able to do X, Y and Z. And we rely on our partners in business and industry to tell us what it is we should be teaching, what it is that they are looking for from students who finish a high school program. And we also rely on feedback from our post-secondary partners. So CCV might be telling us, we're looking for this in this type of program and Vermont Tech might be saying, we're looking for this so that we can align and make the pathway smoother for students to be able to transition to us. So for the last year plus, our state CTE director Ruth Durkey has been working with a contractor to update those competency and task lists and we're calling them program proficiencies now. They're up on our website and they're by program area. So you could see what it is that a student in a building trades program is learning, what all the programs should be teaching to. They can teach it however they want. They can use whatever curriculum they want but these are the standards that we've established. So you go to our website and click on students, you get a dropdown and career technical education is right there and then you would click on programs and see that list and you can examine those program proficiencies. In terms of how a program comes to exist, again, that's leadership at the local level that is identifying this need. Perhaps businesses have come to the tech center and said we really need you to teach this kind of program. We have time, we call them time grants, technology, innovation, modernization and equipment grants $750,000 each year that the centers can apply for to get a program started if they want to or to change the focus of a program if they wanna do that. A new process from the federal government, as I mentioned previously in Perkins is the comprehensive local needs assessment. And that is the process that we didn't have before but that will improve the alignment of our CTE programs with the labor market and the needs in each region. It will also cause the centers to have discussions about should we be offering this program? Should we be offering some other kind of program instead to better meet the needs of our local economy? And I'll stop there. And that is where that's a local decision or I would say a regional decision where a program would come to exist, the agency has to approve it in order for the tech centers to be able to count the students in it for FTE. But it is also a local decision about discontinuation. When we're examining programs, we're trying to provide feedback that's gonna improve the programs. And sometimes students take care of that themselves. They vote with their feet, as the directors say, if they don't like a teacher, they are not going to enroll in that program. If that teacher has not served students effectively, where it gets out and students will stop enrolling. And that's a market effect, I think, if you could think of it like that. Thank you. Just looking around. I represent James. I just wanted to go back to the funding for a second, if we could. So you said that the tech center sets its budget. And I know that there are various models, but that's approved by voters in different ways, depending on what kind of governance model the CT is under, right? Okay. And then they take that budget and they remove all the state and federal funds that are gonna be flowing in. So all the things you talked about, aid for transportation, salary support, supplemental grants for tuition reduction. So they subtract all that out. And that remaining number is the number they use to determine what their tuition is gonna be, their per pupil tuition. Yeah. Okay. And then for the money coming in, so there's all this money coming straight from the state in terms of these different grants, basically, rider, the salary support. So that just all comes right off the top of the Ed Fund. It comes to each tech center right off the top. And then the tuition payments, I didn't understand that part. I'm sorry, that's where I lost the thread, just at the very end there. So they passed through AOE somehow? The tuition payments, oh, the on behalf payment? Is that what you're? Yeah, I think that's just the very end there. I think I dropped off. Right. Well, you did a good job. So far. Captain Morgan talks that. So there's a provision on the statute that allows the agency of education to take, to make a payment to the tech center on behalf of the school district that owes the tuition money. And it's a certain percentage. So Brad James, who does all the FTE calculations, processes a payment out of the school district's funds in the Ed Fund to the tech center. And then the tech center sends an invoice, and hold on, I'm sorry, the high school has to account for that in their ledger. And the tech center has to account for that in their ledger. And then the tech center sends an invoice to the high schools for the balance of the funds. So the amount that overall is due minus the on behalf payment is the balance due. So AOE is sending some percentage of each tuition payment straight to the school. And then the balance is basically billed, the tech center basically bills the high school for it. So in terms of the tuition payments, some portion of that's coming straight out of the Ed Fund. And then the rest of it is coming straight from the sending school to the tech center. Okay. So section 1561 of the statute item B, I'll just read it says on behalf of the Sending School District within Vermont, a CTE center shall receive from the Ed Fund for each full-time equivalent student from the district, 87% of the base education amount. And an equivalent amount shall be subtracted from the amount due to the Sending District. Okay. And it goes on to describe the process, but it's a percentage of the base amount that is the on behalf payment. Okay. So just like the rest of our education finance system, it's super straightforward and easy to understand. Well, I'm gonna sit here with you today because I've been working on it for 10 years. No, I think I got it. Okay. Thank you. You're welcome. Representative Boston? Yep. I'm just wondering, is there any carryover or alignment with quality education standards into the CTE? And is there a core set of skills and knowledge and kind of attitudes that go across all courses at the CTE? That is such a brilliant question. Next question, I'm just kidding. So education quality standards do say that they apply to the technical centers. One of the things that we've been trying to do in the student pathways division with is work on kind of a coordinated curricular approach with the tech centers to the high schools. And that would kind of speak to representative Brady's question in house commerce. How do we take what's happening in the tech centers and kind of braid it or weave it down into younger grades so that the students and the teachers could see the path to get to that program? That's in my answer in that committee is the work that's ahead of us. And I think some centers probably do it really well, but for the most part, no. And that is how we go about getting more students involved in technical education. I think this coordinated curriculum that has seamless pathways from seventh grade, eighth grade all the way up to grade 14 or 16. That's the vision for the system. How do we work in a system that has different approaches, different models, different governance, different priorities? How do we take that and get to where we want to be? That's the essential question, I think for us. I think that's how I will land on that one. We do wanna coordinate the curriculum. I did in the past facilitate meetings with curriculum coordinators or curriculum leaders and districts with the tech centers. And like most of the time, I think we hear, it's not a lack of interest or a lack of desire. It's sort of a lack of personnel resources to be able to do it. Thank you. I wanna talk about one, maybe one last thing here. And that's how do you, how do the students get to the tech center? How do they learn about it? And so the tech centers call this recruiting. You know, if we could step back from that word and kind of talk about career guidance and career awareness and career education, a system that is counseling and advising students about the careers that are available in local economies and in the New England region and in Vermont, is a key part, a key function of this. And they should, you know, then become aware of how can they get to their dream job? How can they get to a job that has family sustaining wages? How can they, you know, get to become aware of all the things that we want them to be aware of and counseling and advising is the key component there. And then that leads students to become aware of the tech center and it requires less, I would, my theory would be less active involvement on the part of the tech centers to go out and do what they call road shows or doing events in the gymnasium at high school or even trying to recruit during the pandemic using Zoom and, you know, virtual tours of the tech center. You kind of have to be in the facility and see that it's very different from your high school.  And they often opt out of things like recruiting during lunchtime, these events that are happening in the gym because they think, oh, that's a school coming to recruit me or coming to give me information. I already know what school is like. I've been doing it for eight or nine years and technical education is different. So, you know, I think we wanna figure out how to do this information sharing differently. There's requirements in the statute that the high schools have to provide students, provide the tech centers with the names of all of their rising ninth graders and all of their rising 11th graders and that the high schools should make available to the tech centers, you know, the opportunity to give information to the students. But that's it. It's, we're talking about a more robust approach when we're talking about career counseling and advising as a means of making students aware of and aspiring to different things, whether it's to the tech center, through the tech center or in some cases, students don't wanna, they go around the tech center. That's okay. Thank you. This has been very helpful. We appreciate it. I'm conscious of the time and I remember you had a 4.30 and so I'm pretty sure we're gonna be seeing you again. Okay. And I always appreciate hearing from you. And you've got a lot of perspective. I will, I'm happy to be here. I will send that CTE 101 and I have kind of a basic level funding presentation that might help make sense of all of the things that I just spouted at you off the top of my head. I'm proud of myself. I don't even have any notes up here. You're impressed. So with that, I think we can end here. And I'm sure our questions will be rising as we dig deeper into the concept before us. And I would encourage you all to listen to Vermont edition tomorrow. I'll be on it with the director of the center and from Rutland and a couple of other people to talk about technical education. Great. We'll set that up soon. Excellent. Had it placed again at seven. So we'll be able to get to here. Well, thank you for the opportunity and I look forward to speaking with you again in the future. Thank you. Thank you, Jerry. We are postponing the testimony we were going to be taking from representative James and representative Stranger, H-456. We'll be looking for another slot for that time. It's our recent rescheduled term out of tomorrow at 11.15. Great. So tomorrow morning, we will hear an update on refinance. I haven't seen their report yet. I have great hopes involved. Dear. We'll be hearing from a cast here. We'll be following up after that with Act 173. We're a department agency of education. We don't have Brad James to deal with the finance apart. We've also reached out to other superintendents on school personnel on what they would need if we are not postponing 173. We're looking at programmatic supports and financial supports moving forward. I'm sure we will also hear requests to postpone and that is certainly their privilege to put forward. We had some testimony coming later. I think that representative Coopley would like to postpone his introduction to H-609. He needs to be in touch with the agency and I guess that's been a bit of a challenge. So this is an administration bill. So we'd like to have the administration in. And then in the afternoon, we were supposed to be hearing from the secretary on our two bills, Act 28 and Act 72. Are those still in? Those are still happening great. This will be our inventory as well as the literacy council. I have not seen a report yet. Amanda, have you seen a report from them? I haven't seen those reports. I think we have something on literacy, but not on school facilities. And then we will also be hearing tomorrow from Representative Buttshaw on H-493. This is the companion bill to our chapter 11 that starts to get into some of the policy concerns and issues. And Representative Conlon, do you want to say that you and Representative Harrison are working on that bill? Other testimony that we're looking for? Yeah, well, at some point we'll need to sort of have committee time to discuss some of the policy questions that were posed. Some of them are pretty simple and some of them are not, but why not some time to do that? Okay. And then we're still working on building Thursday, I think, because we have some things that pulled out on Thursday as well. So we're doing our continued scheduling challenges. Let's all give a big thank you to Amanda for sticking with us on this complex time. And with that, without further ado, I think we can end.


Welcome to the Advocate. Your Sunday reminded that important conversations are among the necessary tools for a sooner society. I am talking today on a new dawn, in a new year, early lessons from 20 to 23 events. Huzin Ola Rwaju will be talking about our focus in 20 to 23 should be on taking responsibility. Why Mikey Oguchi is going to be asking where are the jobs? Today, expect a miss of seriousness and laughter will be back after this break. A new dawn in a new year, early lessons from 20 to 23 events. Over the last few days, a myriad of notable events as occurred globally and nationally, these events have been viewed as a catalyst to a new dispensation. As we ponder and analyze their impact on national and global scale, they are from the purple front, the death of Pope Benedict the Sistine on December 31, 2022, has been trending news in the world scene as we remember the pope's life and time in the papacy. Pope Benedict the Sistine was the first pope in 600 years to resign from office on February 11, 2013 on the grounds of e-health, an act of responsible leadership. On the Russia-Ukrainian War scene, 1 January, 2023 was attack and counterattack from both sides with Ukraine's president Volodymyr Zelensky, hopeful for victory. Why Russia's president Vladimir Putin reinforcing for more assault strike on Ukraine? This begs the question, how long would humanity suffer? The first time since 1923 the U.S. House of Representatives failed to elect its speaker after first round of vote and even up to the seventh ballot. This chaotic scenario however was managed in a collected transparent electoral process indicating that politics may not be easy but should be inclusive and transparent and violence free. Nationally, the awareness of political inclusiveness is spreading fast. The need to get it right by putting service to the people first is overshadowing the tribal sentiment. Recently the South-South and South-West political titans are endorsing the Obidati campaign for president seeing that they embody the need for the vast majority of Nigerians which is fairness, empathy and development. From the Russia-Ukrainian War to the flood in Pakistan to COVID-19 spread in China to the U.S. House representative in conclusive election and the clamor for a better Nigeria it could be inferred that the world is changing and new solutions are needed to solve problems for the desired change. On this note, Nigeria as a nation needs to understand the necessity of fairness, intentionality and handling national issues on a political scale. The youth are aware of the rules, the play and are not ready for any sabotage coming to entry-general elections in February. My fellow advocates, what are your thoughts on the recent incidents that just occurred over the last one week from the last year to the beginning of this year like the killing of Bonanli Rahim? Uzain, what do you think about police brutality? This case has been lingering long to now. Thank you, Felix. On the issue of police brutality, I have once said some things about it. It is wrong and there are a lot of things that we need to look into. Now, orientation is needed. You have, welfare of these police officers also is very important because when you look at a police officer that stays under the sun, hand, and this same set of person is being paid at the end of the month like say 40,000 or 50,000 naira, do you understand? Considering the economic situation of things, how things are expensive, you see them trying to survive, trying to collect 50 naira, they are aggressive because they are paint as everybody is. And when you have somebody who is hungry, who is paint, one has to be very careful. However, there should be a constant orientation of an ideology to ensure that these police people are expected to protect the interests and secure the civilians. But it is absurd that it is the other way around. I have a series of experiences from Legals to Binni, to Potakot, a lot of crazy things.  So if you accidentally, probably in March, because you lost vision, they say you killed a police officer, you could call that one. I once said what the police IGP said about if a police officer slap you. Not his story at least. Issues like these are actually not things that should be encouraged in public space. What is wrong is wrong, no matter who is involved. You seem to like ideology a lot. When you talk about ideology, the purpose of people doing things, so I am going to go to Uche. Uche, what do you think about God rest his soul? According to reports, he was pregnant with twins, a lawyer, Legals based lawyer and a real talk. Successful and she was not quite with us. She did not commit any crime. The only thing she committed was that she was in Nigeria on Christmas day coming from church. And the professional policemen wanted to stop. The next thing was to release the bullets. Poor handling of weapons. After serving 33 years in the police force, so I want to hear your thoughts on this. Thank you Felix. Police brutality is something that has been occurring. What I can say is that when we talk about the issue of police brutality, we can look far back as how many years ago. These things are things that have been really occurring. But what I can say is that a quick fix to that is not something that can happen in one year, two years. If you look at our national culture, you will find out that there are gaps everywhere because the people that are recruited into the Nigerian police force, they are not from Marx. They are among our people. And they are fed with different stories. Oh, if you get into the police force, you can do everything. Even some people within their family, they look forward to having a police officer as their relative because they know they have upon to oppress other people. So I think it's quite unfortunate the debt of violence is one of many. We can correct that by just talking about the welfare of the Nigerian police force. I think we have to start looking at it from our natural culture as a people because so many things we tend to allow to go in the name of being civilized are things that we need to really check back and see in terms of our natural culture. What is it when we talk about having mutual respect for people? Because the first thing we have to look at is I want respect to be on the basis of who you are, what you have or what you can give to me. I want respect to be about you being woman in the first place. Giving respect to you because I see you as woman you deserve to be respected. Now, let's go to the issue of how we get to these crops of police officer who have armed weapons. The point is we have to look at how are they recruited into the system. We had to spend six months, one year in the police college. What kind of training are these people? What kind of training do they go through? It's important because the acculturation that they go through also form the basis for how they are going to live their life when they have goals or they have advantage over other people which should not be in the first place the focus should be to protect life and property not oppressing people but the reverse is the case here where people oppress the masses. So, I think we need to look at how are people recruited into the Nigeria police force. What kind of training goes on? What is their curriculum like? So, I think these are fundamental issues. It should be considered as a review. More of courses that encourage empathy, leadership, citizens' relationship and other things. So, I'm speaking about insecurity. A week to Christmas there was just an attack in Kaduna.  Over 31 persons were massacred, majorly Christians in Kaduna on a week to Christmas in that particular community.  So, I don't know, whatever it is, religion or no religion, Muslims and Christians are killed daily. What can be done about this? Can this just stop? So, I'm going to go back to Yokuche before going back to Yokuche. Well, I think this issue of people being killed at different intervals without people, without, we have gotten to that point where we are used to them, we are no longer in quote surprise because these things happen every day. I think I don't see it as something that is going to stop because people are protesting. I rather think we need to look at it from the point of view one, the leadership. The leadership. I know most times we tend to drive everything towards the presidency, which is fine. But the point is, as a governor, what are the parameters, what kind of awareness? We have national retention agency, what are they doing? We really hear about these people and see maybe there is an outbreak of a disease or something. What are they doing? What kind of information are they passing across? Now, we know that the security agencies have huge responsibility to get things fixed. But the point is, what kind of information, what kind of awareness are people passing because if you look at it at the end of the day, you cannot totally exonerate the leadership either the federal or the state level because somehow these things are not happening. If you look at it, they are not up to recently. There are not things that you can say they are professional kind of massacre. Yeah, just sabishly don't. Yeah, so it tells you that there are people within the same locality. So I think you can't say you don't know these people. You can't just tell us you don't know these people. These people, they don't just appear from nowhere. So I think that point of view where people are leaders need to take responsibility to, you know, one, create awareness of what it means.  If I have my own way, I don't think you should keep, what is it called? If you are caught murdering someone, I don't think they should keep you for how long? Let there be a justice system that allow people three weeks, two months, be executed. Let people know the consequences. Yes, let people know what the consequences are because a lot of people say, they are arrested, they are taken to prison. One way or the other, they break him or her out of the prison. So I think the issue lies with two people, the leadership and also the security agencies. Wow, so Hussein. Yeah, my argument will not be far from what is said, responsibility, right? Take responsibility from the leadership aspect. Beyond the responsibility, let us live to the facts.  So before now you have, I'll just take an example. Before now, we have Katoeras applying to a treaty road channel. These same road channel are today. We will build a house with contributed farms and what have you to all this kind of thing now. They want to move on normal routes, they know. They saw houses there or they saw farm, the heat of the farmland. What do you have in retaliation? Fight. It causes insecurity, right? Before now, these Katoeras don't have a phone, but today they can actually communicate with themselves and say, see, this thing is happening here, I need backup. It's easy to attack communication aspects. So it still takes back to because we as a people, we don't respect ourselves. So if you have a tribe, you have this, you should respect individuals as an entity just before the tribe, before the religion, we should respect ourselves as human being. Then we start protecting ourselves. Then the leadership I spoke about just to cap it up is the community leadership. Just like you said, there is nothing that happens that we don't know. So if the community leaders, the mayanguas, the magajis, the villagers and stuff like that are at their feet and doing what is necessary and communicating with the government agency, I think we will cope with this thing very fast. Alright, thank you very much. So quickly, before the brand of this section, I just wanted to promote my own party squabbles. If you watch what's going on in the U.S., inconclusive house speaker election, no trouble. Yes, politics is difficult there. It's not easy, but no fights, no violence. They try to communicate. Then when it comes to Nigeria here, you see the back and forth bashing this one. Okay, so let me quickly say something on that. I think it's not far from what we always see. In Nigeria, in the United States, you have a democratic ideology as a party. In the same United States, you have the public ideology. When you want to fund a party election, it is not an individual that funds it. It is the party based on your ideology. They pick their candidates that work in line with the policies of the ideology or the political party. The party does the funding and what have you. But reverse is the case in Nigeria. I repeat, there is no political party in Nigeria that has a specific ideology. You see, you have people of different interests. So if my interest is not met at this party, that's why you see somebody lose a primary election and move to another party. The party just to get his personal interest.  So we need to begin to agree on do we want to work for things to work or want to remain the way we are. So what do you think about endosin or not endosin candidates? Should it cause rank or should it distract the electorate? What do you think? Okay, I think in terms of politics is a game and everything matters in politics. Now it has to do with two things. Who is endosin and who are the endosin. So endosin, whether you know, I've read some response from certain camps about the endosin that last late or recent. But what I can say is in politics who is endosin and who they are endosin is very important. So endosin matters. Whether the endosin will give you victory or not is a different thing entirely. But it matters. It's important. There are certain people who are sitting on the fence at the moment trying to understand where to go. But when certain endorsement comes you definitely see some people making adjustment. But I know for the political every weight before time they already know where their loyalty lies and all of that. So it also depends on who is endosin and who they are endosin. Thank you very much for your input. As we conclude, let us ponder on this quote by Najib Razak, the sixth prime minister of Malaysia from April 2009 to May 2018. The world is changing quickly and we must be ready to change with it or risk being left behind. Nigeria cannot be left behind. Upness is who's end. Do stay with us.


Once upon a time in the bustling streets of New York City in the early 20th century there lived a woman named Eloise Thornton. Eloise was a vision of grace and refinement known for her impeccable sense of style and her unwavering passion for documenting her life. Eloise's ward was filled with the whispers of lace as she was an old collector of delicate lace, trinkets and clothing. She possessed a particular fascination for the intricate art of handmade lace, which she believed held the stories and secrets of its creators within its delicate threads. Her prized possession was a journal she lovingly named Whispers of Lace Memoir. It was wrapped in heavy fabric with intricate lace motifs, adoring its cover. Eloise used this journal as a sanctuary for her thoughts, dreams and the tales of her everyday life. Eloise was a woman of many talents and she worked as a seamstress in the quiet little shop on the Lower East Side. Her nimble fingers meticulously stitched and embroidered, creating garments that were sloth after the city's elite. But it was in her journal that she truly poured her heart out, sharing the stories of the people she met, the places she explored and the moments of joy and sorrow that clotted her days. She wrought off moonlit walks in Central Park, where the whispers of lace adorned her evening attire, making her feel like a character from a fairy tale. She recounted the laughter of friends gathered in her cozy apartment, the aroma of freshly baked breath wafting from the kitchen and the melodies of chess that filled the Harlem nights. As the years passed, Eloise's journal became a cherished halo passed down through the generations of her family. Its pages continued to hold the essence of her life, preserving the memories of a bygone era.


Hey everyone, Sam here. In this web series, we'll solve common web problems with standards. These techniques are part of the web platform and work with any framework or library. All right, let's go. If you want to align an element, big or small, in the vertical center of something, don't get stuck in a twisty maze of divs and table cells. You can just use Flexbox to get it there. Here's a quick example. We've got a Chrome logo and a parent element that's already pretty big. The logo's in the top left, the default. Let's add some CSS to the parent element. First, display Flex to set Flexbox. And then two config properties, justify content and align items, setting both to center. And, well, that's it. The logo moves to the right place. Flexbox is versatile and it can be used for wildly complicated tasks, but it's also super useful for aligning just one thing. And if you are doing some more complicated stuff, check out the links below for the resources that I keep going back to. Remember, use Flexbox even for simple alignment tasks and keep your code concise. That's vertical alignment the standard way. See you on the next tip. Doot, doot, doot. Try that again.


When watching Disney Plus's Cheaper by the Dozen 2022, I kept thinking to myself, man, this seems like a really crappy low-budget TV show movie.   And then I took things a little too far. I got in my car without saying anything to my family, drove down the road to a water tower that I climbed. Once at the top, I looked down and thought to myself, this is what did it. This is the film that killed me. Cheaper by the Dozen. A remake of a remake of a reboot of a TV show of, I don't know, it's had a bunch of versions, and I don't know why they keep doing it. But something pulled me back from the brink and said, Adam, no.  And so that's what I'm gonna do now. Cheaper by the Dozen stars Zach Braff from Scrubs fame and Gabriel Union from Bring it, bring it on. Fame. They're the Baker family. Here's the deal. As I started with the intro, I only made it 45 minutes into this film. So it's very possible they adopted another one, they popped one out. I don't actually know, but as of what I saw, they had 11 kids. They're also both divorcees who combine their special family together, including the exes. They're around all the time. Paul's ex is there watching the kids for free. She's terrible at it too. In fact, this movie's so out of control. There's an early scene where she's on the phone, learning what TikTok is, and the kids roller blade through the house. It's crazy. There's a scene where the boy's like, whoa, and he jumps on the couch. He kind of crashes into it. And I was there like, what? These kids are out of control. I can't wait to see where this goes. Before you get upset with me and point out, Adam, you're being unfair. I want to point out that I like the last Cheaper by the Dozen films, the two of them. They're great. Well, they're not great, but they're good. They're good family flicks. And I celebrate anything Hilary Duff is in. Let's just be honest about it. Those Steve Martin films had genuine heart, some nice laughs. You got to know all the kids really well. They were the focus. While we still had to learn about the parents' baggage and what they were doing and how they were trying to have it all, while still raise this huge family. The new film decides to do the opposite. Instead of focusing on the kids or really even getting to know their names, they're treated as more as background objects. It's so embarrassing. It's mecha cringe. It's cringe on a level you've never seen. It's Giga. Giga cringe. Paul runs a restaurant and it's doing all right until the new love of his life comes around and says, hey, why don't you serve breakfast all day? Which gives him the idea, why don't I infuse breakfast into lunch and dinner menu items? It's a cool idea. I like it. I'm all there for it.  We're not making ends meet. We have to come up with something so that we can have it all. So he decides, I'm going to create a sauce that's both spicy, cool, all the different flavors you would expect when it hits your tongue, depending on what you put it on. We don't see this process happen at all. He just goes to a grocery store in one scene and is like, let's get some ingredients and that's it. He made the perfect sauce then the next day. And then he goes to pitch it to some investors who just green light it, give him a massive amount of funding and he didn't show anything. He doesn't even have a picture of the product. He goes in there wearing his kid's clothing, including a fanny pack and some shoes that keep falling off because he doesn't know how to tie them. And the investors are like, yeah, I like this guy.  Let's definitely cut him a check for a ton of money without seeing a proposal of any kind. No charts, no plan as to how he's going to invest the money and grow the company over time. No, he's just in, we're just in with this guy. Cuz I'm pretty sure he's JD from Scrubs and I like that kid. Basically the next day they move out of their house and they're in this very swanky new upscale place. They're in a community with tons of people yet only three people are in the community pool, which is very odd. It's the middle of the afternoon, there's like three kids swimming. The bakers show up and the girl in the wheelchair, I don't know anybody's name. I'm gonna call her Wheelie because they don't bother to put any time into these characters.  And I'm just thinking, wow, you're trash. I guess we just get, we get carte blanche to be garbage. I guess, I mean, that's what the film's telling me. But this script has a lot to say. As soon as they moved into the neighborhood, a cop shows up in a segue and he tells them to keep it down, to keep the noise levels down after 10 o'clock. And this instantly triggers Gabriel Union's character. She said, hey, would you have said this to anybody else? That's white. It was an eye-opener. It was a learning moment for me and my family who were watching. We just thought, man, we never really thought about things that way. Thank you, Cheaper, by The Dozen 2022 for pointing out the establishment and everything that's wrong with this world. I never, I mean, it's just insane. It's really amazing what they were able to accomplish in this film, really touched me. As the movie progresses on and I continue to question my existence and what it's even for anymore, Paula's having a hard time doing anything. I haven't seen him lift a finger since they moved into the house. I haven't seen him do anything with this company that we spend so much time focusing on. And yet he's still getting offers for more. The agency comes to him and is like, Paul, Booby, we love what's happening with the sauce. We want to expand your family restaurant. And then Gabriel's character, Zoe, is thinking, I don't know, this is about us. We're losing what makes this restaurant special. My prediction, not seeing the end of this film, they rebrand the restaurant he used to have where they start a new one and they're gonna call it Baker's Dozen because it just makes stupid sense. That's the only reason he has to have a restaurant, right? So they can use the pun, Baker's Dozen. If that doesn't happen, screw this movie. And if it does happen, screw this movie anyways because it's horrible. Besides the script, that's not just preaching to people in a hacky way, but not doing anything of actual substance with these characters or even trying, attempting to make a lovable family that feels like something you could believe.  The film does not look like a film. It looks like a TV show. As I stated at the beginning, I thought it was.  There's not a single composition in this film. It sounds like it was all taken from like the YouTube free creator tools. The royalty free music they put out that I have to use. That's what's happening in Cheaper by the Dozen. If I'm wrong, fire whoever is in charge of the music over there. If people actually created this from scratch, oh my God. I remember when movies, good and bad, seemed to put a little bit of effort into the production. This doesn't have any of that. Here's an example of a background song.  And it's just so subdued in the background you barely even notice it's there. So what's the point? And at other times, competent movies will use music to accentuate a joke or a punchline. This film has no background music half the time and we just have actors ripping on each other with no punch. It's just, well, we leave our oranges on the ground cause they're easier to get to. Where's the sting? Where's the hit? Where's the closeup? Where's the punch in shot? The reaction? We get none of it. Poorly directed. The old Cheaper by the Dozen films were fun because the kids were kind of unruly. There was so many of them, it was hard to manage. These kids have it pretty well together. There's not a lot of hijinks that happens. Not a lot of destruction or chaos. It's just really focused on these two leads and it's boring. The last thing I want to point out that's so out of touch with regular common folks is how Hollywood treats what they consider poor people. The bakers start out in a house that's probably over half a million dollars. It's a beautiful home. And yet they act like they're in poverty. Like this is a miserable place because they don't have a walk-in closet. And then they move into a freaking mansion. None of this is relatable. The Steve Martin Cheaper by the Dozen had him out on an old farmhouse. It looked more the part. And they loved the home.  It was quaint. They liked it. It was charming. But no, now it's, oh, we're in a, we're in like a $650,000 house. We don't have our own private bathrooms. Our kids don't have TVs in every room of the house. Yeah, this is really in touch. I would rant more about this movie, but I didn't make it any further. Everyone who watched it in my family hated it. We wanted it off. I was actually the one that said we need to press a little bit further so I can say more about it. But that was my mistake. Why waste time on this earth watching poorly made garbage that only exists because Disney has the rights to it. And it's an easy thing they can churn out really quick. Clearly no budget or time or craft or effort was put into it. So why should I give them the benefit of the doubt? Why should I be generous and nice when there's so much being produced all the time fighting for our attention? I don't need to give special treatment a freaking cheaper by the dozen 2022. Are you kidding me? Okay, that's the review. Thanks for watching. If you saw this film and disagree and think, man, what an amazing achievement this was. A new generation of cheaper by the dozen. That really speaks to me on a personal level as a kid who's in a wheelchair and is a douchebag to people around him. I respect what they had to say. Like the video if you had a good time. Subscribe if you want to see more honest truth. Sometimes they're a little unpleasant, but that's what we're here for. And hopefully I'll see you next time. If you really want to know how bad this is, I would rather watch that new Home Alone Disney Plus movie again than this. That's the level of cringe and awfulness on display in Cheaper by the Dozen. Movie on. If you like what I'm doing here, maybe think about joining me on Patreon at patreon.com slash adam does movies or you can become a join member right here on YouTube. I'm also on Twitch at twitch.tv slash Adam Olinger playing, I mean pretty much Fortnite these days because that's what the kids are into. And I'm hip and in touch. I'm in touch.


I'll take you around the facility, check out all the cars, all the mo-cars, definitely more than you can probably even get to in a day. I don't even think we can look at all these cars. There's just too many going on. Every color, every shape, every model, every mo-car you can think of. We got it. Got some old round truck. Got the newer stuff over here. Got some Hellcat. Got a key. We're gonna stop and look at this guy. We got a legit little red express right here. Great looking truck. It's clean. Definitely don't see these things anymore, that's for sure. Let's jump back into Golf Cart and find the more cool mo-cars. I hear the autocross going on. We're gonna go down there and check that out as well. Love me a duster and this one looks really nice.  Wow, he's got the original price ticket. Grand almost to buy you a duster back in the day. Man, I wish they were that much now. Great looking car. Sweet, sweet duster. Definitely a thumbs up in my book right here on mo-cars. I love the dusters. I've seen this thing on Instagram.  I think it looks kind of cool. A Charger El Camino basically. I mean, it looks good. It looks like it was made that way. That is awesome. He's got a book here with how they did everything and that is absolutely awesome. Badass build right there. Thumbs up. Something different. Something you don't see every day right there. Charger Super B El Camino job.  We got a little kid in timeout. Got project going on for sale. Definitely gotta look at this. It's hard to find a good looking cuda and they cost a tremendous amount today. Nice, nice car. Super clean. If you like those cars, definitely, definitely a thumbs up. Get a quick look at this guy real quick. Oh yes, got Wiley driving. What's up coyote? Never catching that bird. That bird is un-catchable. Can't do it. No one's ever caught the old Superbird. I like it. Definitely a thumbs up. Well, I'm gonna show you this one too. That's some cool graphics. Rat pink under the hood there. This new challenger. 426. Looks like we got a Whipple on top of it or something. And I'm trying to zoom through these cars as fast as possible for you guys.  Charger RT. Got the right color. 69. That's where it's at right there. That's all you gotta know. That is definitely the mo power of all mo powers. This car is nice. Super nice. Guy came all the way from Alabama. Pretty much about close to me. Yes, sir. Thumbs up if you see the video.  Good job. Find out what we can see down here. Looks like we got an SRT 10 Ram. We'll give it a quick peek. Quick peek. All blacked out. Nice and clean. Looks nice. We know what's going on there. Got a biker engine. Nice truck. Whoever it is, thumbs up. Another duster. You guys know I'm a sucker for the duster. That's a good nice looking black one right there. We're on the cross here real quick. So we can find a little show and shine lot. Got a shaker. Challenger. Convertible. Man, I tell you what, that's a shaker right there. Great big old hole in the hood. Beautiful car. Awesome car. Definitely a thumbs up. Awesome looking trucks. Here's old Dodge 100. Looks like we're bagged. Battleship gray maybe on the paint. Nice truck. Got a new Hemi swap motor going in on it. Definitely a nice truck. Thumbs up for you, sir. Kind of off-road in here, guys, so sorry for the jiggly camera. Looks like we got a drag, drag cuda here. Let's check this guy out. It's got a little bit of motor. Nice and shiny and clean, that's for sure. Thumbs up to you, sir. Nice looking car. Nice hot rock. Another 100 over there. All right, let's go down here and wash these guys to tear up these hellcats. We may try to take a ride in one. I don't know. We'll see if we can get some time. Of course we got the General Lee car over here. Gonna be doing a General Lee jump. Let's try to zoom in here and check it's out. All right, they're about to send some more. Got some hail guys. Thumbs up on the driver as we find out, guys. Grab this golf cart. Got a gap. All right, we're gonna gap them right here. Here we go. That's definitely old. I ain't never even seen one of them. Suburban? 1951 Plymouth Suburban. I've never seen one. Hell, I ain't never even heard one. Heard of one, honestly. That is a beautiful looking car. I could definitely cruise the streets on that one. I think they're somewhere. All right, we're getting down here closer to the drag strip area. Our old Dakota drag truck. A viper over there and I see a newer Ram that's been done up like a Little Red Express back there, so we're gonna go check it out real quick. Go walk over here and check it out. Here you go, Scott Long, Little Red Express, New Age Ram. He's even got the twice pipes on. Got twice pipes, baby. Nice looking truck. I like it. Got the Little Red Express floor mask going on in here. Nice looking truck. Thumbs up. Good job, man. Go down here and see what else we can find. You guys got to come down here.  And I mean everything. Then probably some things you don't think of. I saw a car right there, old Foursbanger. All the vendors down here. Renegade fuel truck. Got the drag pits over here. Frostbite's chilling out over here in the Torxstorm booth. I'll show you their setup real quick now that we're running the better camera. They have an awesome CUDA, by the way, guys. Used for the autocross events. Definitely a cool car. It's running the Blackout Edition Torxstorm. Definitely a sweet car. This is the Torxstorm booth where they have all the different supercharger applications to show you how they run on the front of the motor. I mean they show everything. Everything. Here's the twin kit for the Mopar that has finally come out. This is the Black Edition. You get two superchargers. Superchargers. Lots of people checking out the merch. We got Frostbite hanging out.  Thumbs up to Frostbite. Truck is holding together, holding good. So glad we got it fixed and made it up here. Not to mention, run 11s. That's what I'm talking about. That's their other Torxstorm truck. It's older Ram 3rds in. Running a 6-1 motor with one of their units. Definitely a cool truck. Awesome, awesome. Right here next door we got, it looks like Mopar Connection. We got a CUDA 70 Hemi convertible with the crazy purple. Yes, sir and yes, ma'am. It's a beautiful looking car. A beautiful car. Worth a ton of money, that's for sure. Worth a ton of money. Very, very, very nice. Very nice. Definitely some nice cars sitting over here. I think we got some cars running the eighth mile. So I'm gonna show you guys a little bit of footage on some drag runs.  So let's go check them out. Over here in Kentucky. Hope you guys enjoyed it. I know I'm having a blast. There's absolutely just massive, massive Mopar, everywhere Mopar community. Just everybody's out here. It's absolutely awesome guys. Definitely give it time. Come check out Moparty. It's so worth it. I will definitely be at the very next one that they have that's at least within driving range. This was a blast. You gotta go. So anyway guys, hope you enjoyed the video.  So as always, stay safe out there. Don't forget, hit that subscribe button. We'll see you on the next one. Peace.