I clicked record, so it's being recorded. We're going over CIS today, mock exam questions and answers. So once I go through the answer, or sorry, the questions, if you guys don't mind typing in the chat box, what your answer is, I like to see how people are doing. I don't keep track, it just kind of helps. We might even be done a little bit earlier today. I know it's Sunday, a nice day hopefully for all of you. It's a nice day here, so I don't wanna keep you guys too late. I don't mind, I'll be doing tutoring prep all day, but that's usually my Sundays. Okay guys, let's have some fun here. First question, and while you guys are answering, I'm gonna look up some x-rays and images for you.  Here are the answers. Is it associated with a non-vital tooth, with a vital tooth? It develops where there is no tooth or not a well-defined shape. So this is where you need to know the different types of cysts. You don't have to study paragraphs upon paragraphs about the cysts, but pick out the key terms for each one, make a note of it, do a chart, whatever helps you learn, and that would help you answer this question. And I'm going to show you guys some x-rays on it afterwards. And also, sorry to interrupt your thinking. For those of you who are new, feel free to type in the chat box anytime. If you have questions, anything, comments, you don't have to wait until the end. Type in the chat box anytime. I do that so I can see right away. What do you guys think? And thank you guys for answering. That's great, you guys are quick today. And if you haven't studied cysts yet, it's going to be hard for you to answer any of these. That's okay, it's still a good practice, it's still a good review. So don't think you don't want to attend a live class if you haven't studied a topic yet. It just means you can take notes and this will actually make it easier for your studying later on. So there's a method to my madness. There's different ways to study, always mix it up. Okay guys, so the answer is A. It is associated with a non-vital tooth. That is truly the key here. And what I want to show you is I just picked an x-ray here but the first one wasn't correct. Here it is. So this is just kind of an example. You can't really, in an x-ray, you don't know if a tooth is vital or non-vital necessarily because as a dental professional, you cannot diagnose but it's pretty obvious when there's a root canal in it that the tooth isn't alive. So that's a little trick for you guys. If on the exam you see an x-ray where there's a cyst around a root canal, that tells you it's a non-vital tooth. It doesn't necessarily mean it's a ridiculous cyst because there are other cysts out there but that would be a good educated guess. Does that make sense? So it's not associated with a vital tooth. There would always be a tooth where the cyst is. There are cysts that develop around places where there's no tooth there. So it would not be this type of cyst. And it's always a well-defined shape. Most cysts are though, okay? So does everybody know how to see cysts? If you don't, please comment and I can talk about it a little bit but just a quick recap. A cyst is a radial loosened area, means black. A radiopic white circle around it, if that makes sense. This is a cyst. If it's hard for you to see a cyst, don't worry. I promise you it takes practice. When I first started as a dental professional like 16 years ago, I would look at x-rays, have no clue what I was seeing.  That's a cyst. Notice how you don't see one here, you don't see one there, you don't see one here. That's an obvious cyst. Lauren, so does that help you? You will see more throughout the session today. So it's good to kind of practice but that is a cyst, not good. A little side note, as a dental professional you cannot say to a client, oh, you have a cyst there. Let me go get a dentist right away. That's what I do because I feel, oh, whoops, did I just take the x-ray away? Oh, sorry guys. I do that because I feel confident but I'm really not supposed to do that. As a dental professional, you're not allowed to diagnose. What you can say is, I took the x-ray, I'll be right back, I'm going to get the dentist. If you wanna point something out, you could say, you see this black area here? I'm gonna point this out to the dentist because that's not typical of what we see. So do you guys see the difference between diagnosing and not, oh, it's because I changed the slide. Sorry. Do you guys see the difference there? But that's kind of another topic for another day. Okay guys, next one. Where are ridiculous cysts? I might have said this already. Often found. So we're still talking about the same type of cysts and I'm gonna show you guys a couple other x-rays to get you guys used to it. Where are cysts most often found? What do you think? And thank you guys for answering so fast. I hope this is an exciting session for you. I think learning is exciting, okay? I do really try to make it more exciting for you. There's nothing worse than just trying to read the textbook on your own. Been there, done that. When I was a student, worst thing ever. Or I'm sure you guys have these teachers in school where they will just read the PowerPoint or read the textbook and that's how you're learning. Horrible. You can't learn anything that way. I know, right? I've been there, done that for sure.  You're very, very fast today. This is perfect. So where are ridiculous cysts often found? They are found at the apex or lateral of the tooth. I have another x-ray for you here. So does everybody understand the apices or lateral? So the apex means at the root of the tooth, the lateral is the side. So it's still closer to the apex but it could also be off to the side. I'm sorry. I tried to find an x-ray where the cyst is more off to the side but I couldn't seem to find one but I'm sure I'll kind of find one as we go along. But just so you know, like it doesn't have to be specifically at the apex. Like this is showing, it could be off to the side as well but more often you will see it at the apices. So the root of the tooth. Is everybody good with that so far? None of these other answers apply because it would not be distal to the tooth. It would not be around a tooth that's not through the gum line yet. And it's not in a place where there is no tooth. Please don't hesitate to stop me though if there's any questions.  I truly feel that way. So for those of you who are new, ask me questions anytime, even if I've been explaining something and you're still kind of like, Andrea, I still have no idea what you're talking about. Just comment and I can probably explain it in a different way for you. So now we know all about, or all that you have to know about a ridiculous cyst. Okay. Do you guys remember from the last slide here? So it is a non-vital tooth and it's typically around the apices or the lateral of a non-vital tooth. Honestly, that's all you have to know. Make a note right now that has saved you hours of reading a boring chapter. Ridiculous cyst. Okay, next one. What is true about a residual cyst? So this is a different cyst now. What is true about a residual cyst? Great question. Our next session is, I believe it's April 25th. If you're looking for our next sessions, I do them a month in advance for you guys or I should say for that month. Look under the events tab of the members only Facebook group of dental L tutoring. You will see it there. Because they do vary. Sometimes evenings, sometimes Sundays, I try to do a mix for you guys. Oh yeah, I was going to look for an X-ray really quick. So what do you guys think? What is true about a residual cyst? And feel free to take notes. Make your studying easier for you guys, okay? Take notes. If you're in the board exam prep academy, you will have this full PowerPoint. If you're in the express board exam prep course, you will not have this. You do have access to the session recordings for a certain period of time, but not forever. So feel free to take a picture of this if you want to keep it. That is absolutely okay. You guys are very quick today. I love it. And I'm finding some really good X-rays. Let's see. I think most of you guys got this right. Perfect. So it's where a tooth was extracted. I, oh, sorry guys. Sorry, sorry. Where is it? I found a really good X-ray for you. Where did it go? Okay. Where the tooth is extracted. So does that make sense to everybody? So there was a tooth there, but there's a cyst in that space. Can everybody see this? I'm just gonna make it larger. So, and this is great practice too to really determine what is a cyst. It's basically a radio-lucent circle. Sometimes there's a white kind of line around the circle. That's very well-defined, very obvious. Like I'll show you another one that's more obvious, but then sometimes it's not so obvious. To make it easy for you guys, look for a black circle. A radio-lucent means black. Look for a black circle. See how in this one, there's more of a white line around it. So is everybody good with that? It's where a tooth has been extracted. Please make note of this. A lot of people get residual cysts and ridiculous cysts mixed up and they're very, very different. Is everybody good with that so far? Okay, next question. A different cyst, you guys. I know I'm mixing it up for you guys today. Where is a global low maxillary cyst often seen? Sorry if I pronounced that horribly. I'm also really bad with pronunciations. Wait till it's pharmacology, you guys. You guys will be laughing the whole session because I can't pronounce anything. This one is a definite obvious one. You can't miss it. And I have a couple of really good x-rays for you guys. You guys are very good. You're doing a great job today. I'm very impressed. And by the way, don't worry about getting the answer wrong. It's not about that. It's just about, this really will help you study. Even if you don't realize it, you trying to think of the answers, you constantly thinking, okay, we just learned about a residual cyst. We learned about a ridiculous cyst. So how is this one different? You thinking about that during our session is helping you study. Ashley, hello. Thank you for answering. Elaine, hello. Nice to see you guys. Thank you for answering nice and fast today. You guys are quick. Sevda, great job. You guys are pros today. Okay, okay guys, perfect. So it's between the lateral and the canine. So I'll show you an x-ray here. So sometimes in an x-ray, if you're not used to seeing x-rays, you might honestly not know which is the lateral and which is the canine. This tooth doesn't look like a canine to me. I wouldn't know when I first saw it, but I would be looking at, okay, this is a pretty big tooth here, probably a central. So if you see in the exam x-rays where it's between, so there's a cyst between the teeth, that will be a global maxillary cyst, okay? It's not always between the lateral and the canine, but like 90% of the time it is. So I tried to find another x-ray for you that it wasn't between the lateral and the canine, but they're really hard to find. So I couldn't see it. But if you see a cyst between the lateral and the canine, I guarantee you it's going to be a global maxillary cyst. So make a note of that. Is everybody good with this one? Okay, next question. What is true about non-odontogenic cyst? What is true about this one? A non-odontogenic cyst, listen, it's Sunday. I actually kind of slept in today, so it's pretty funny that doesn't ever happen. I guess I was just really tired. So what is true about this one, you guys? What do you think? I'm looking up x-rays for you as we speak. This one's harder to find an x-ray, to be honest. Oh, actually, not so bad. Oh, I don't know if I like that. No, this one's good. Sorry, guys, I'm thinking out loud. There we go. I like this one. What do you guys think? Even if, let's say you had no clue, think about what you've learned so far. You know it's not going to be, well, no, sorry. I don't want to give you guys the answer yet. So I'll give you guys the answer when I go over the answer slide, okay? Sorry for yawning. Yawning is contagious. So I wonder if anybody else just yawned right now. Very good, you guys. This is kind of a trickier one. Okay, let's talk about it. So all teeth are vital, okay? This is true. So it wouldn't be near a root canal if that makes sense. So the next one, always in place of where a tooth or teeth were extracted. Well, that's not true because it is in the place of a tooth, there is a tooth there, okay? Only in root canal teeth, well, that's not true because a root canal tooth means it's non-vital. Only in the maxillary, not true. It could be the maxillary, mandibular, it doesn't matter. More often they are seen in maxillary teeth, but not all the time. So this would be a good answer, but this is the better answer because it's always in vital teeth. Does that make sense to everybody so far? Yeah, I do have some x-rays, but let me just check the next question. Did I ask you another question? Okay, no, I didn't. Okay, so with these x-rays here, it's basically a cyst. It can be any cyst where it's around a vital tooth, to be honest. So I did find one here where it does happen to be the maxillary. It's very difficult to see the cyst. You can see it more the white line around it, but this is the maxillary, okay? But obviously it wouldn't be normal to see that circular lesion there. The other x-rays, of course, oh, this one's in a mandibular tooth. I don't want to confuse you guys to think it's only the maxillary. So that's why I'm kind of doing this. There we go. Oh, sorry, this is not the best x-ray. It's kind of blurry, but at least you guys can see it could literally show up anywhere. So it's kind of a more generic term, okay? Is everybody okay with that? So let's say you saw on the exam, they're showing you radiographs like this, and you need to determine what type of cyst it is, kind of put in the back of your mind if you don't know the answer, a non-odontogenic cyst is around vital teeth. So you wouldn't say this is a global maxillary cyst because it's not in between the teeth. So you know it's not that one. You wouldn't say it's a ridiculous cyst because that would only be around a root canal tooth. And remember the other one we talked about, the residual, that's where there's no tooth there, okay? But there are teeth there, there's no root canals. So it's around vital teeth, non-odontogenic cyst. Okay, it's kind of a generic term, but just to help you guys take your notes. Okay, next one. I know there's so many cysts. Where are dermoid cysts located? And I'm finding good x-rays for you guys as you guys are answering. Where are dermoid cysts located? When in doubt, think about what you learned and kind of decide, okay, it couldn't be this, it couldn't be that, ew, I'm trying to look up this cyst and it's not showing the x-rays, it's showing the really disgusting parts of the mouth. Oh, having that said you guys, don't Google these cysts during our session because that's not gonna help. I mean, you will find the answer, but that's not gonna help you. This is meant to really make you guys think, okay? I mean, you can look up the cysts if you want while we're answering, but that doesn't really help you guys learn. My teachers would always say that too and I'm like, yeah, yeah, whatever, but it's really true you guys. I actually can't find very good x-rays. I know this one's kind of, there's a couple correct answers you guys, okay? There's a couple correct answers here. So I'm gonna help you guys with the best answer. A lot of different answers here. So I can tell this is a trickier one. Okay, let's talk about it. Where's my mouse? There we go. So it is the floor of the mouth. A is not correct because it's more specific to the floor of the mouth. So a Dernoid cyst is the floor of the mouth. It could be any cyst really. This is a more generic term again, but the floor of the mouth is the best and correct answer. The root of the mouth, how I wanna say it is, what does that mean? There is no anatomy term of root of the mouth. There's just not. So C is not correct. It's not in the dermis of the skin. I put that in there because I thought that might confuse some of you guys. You might be looking at the question and saying Dermoid cyst. Oh, well, that kind of sounds like it could be in the dermis of the skin. Well, it's not. The floor of the mouth, you guys. Does everybody get it? I tried to find an x-ray. They're not really showing the x-rays. They're just showing me really disgusting images. Let me find one that's not too bad. Ew. Like I can't even look at these, you guys. They're really gross. Okay. I'm gonna find you. I'll just show you one that's a little, ew. I should really look at these before I do the session, shouldn't I? So you see how I'm looking at the x-rays? So you see how it might not show up on the computer, I apologize, but in the PowerPoint, it will. You see how there's like a swelling here? This is the floor of the mouth, totally not normal. They have a Dermoid cyst, okay? Floor of the mouth. Next question. Where are odontogenic keratocysts often seen? There's a million cysts. These are the ones they would commonly ask on the board exam. This one's a good one, because it's definitely very obvious. What do you guys think? I have a couple of different x-rays, and it's also more of a generic term as well. So ew, I'm finding some really disgusting pictures again. So I will explain this after a few more of you answer. Yes, what is our next session? I think I said it's anatomy. Yes, our next one is anatomy, because it's actually been a while since we've done an anatomy session. I didn't realize that. I was looking for our past sessions, just to see which topic I should talk about next. And anatomy has been a while, so I apologize. I don't know how that happened. But any time, if you guys wanna study a certain topic, and it's not in our 2021 session recordings yet, just go into 2020. If you're in the Board Exam Prep Academy, you have full access to all of our session recordings from 2019, 2020, and then of course, 2021. So look at our past sessions. You will find a ton. If you're in the express course, you have limited access for, sorry, I have to double check. 30 or 60 days, I might have changed that because of COVID, so, but you have limited access to them. But that's what the Express is all about. It is meant for quick studying. You have maybe a month to take the Board Exam, that's what the Express is for. The Board Exam Prep is full on everything. You guys are very fast today. This is great. You guys are awake. The mandibular posteriors. What do you guys think? I know, pretty cool, eh? I was trying to find a better x-ray for you. Let's see. This is a good one. I'm finding a lot of panoramic x-rays there. So this is really quite often what it looks like. I'm going to point it out to you. So look at the mandible. See how big that cyst is. So it wouldn't often be like a little cyst on the bottom. It would be a big cyst over a couple teeth. This is called a odontic keratocyst, okay? And anything from the premolar's back is considered, I'm sorry, posterior, okay? The anteriors are the centrals, laterals, and canines, in case you didn't know that. I didn't know that when I was a student and I remember getting it very confused. I always thought that the posteriors meant the molars, but it's kind of further back. So some of you guys might be thinking, if you didn't know that, oh, well, it's kind of close to the premolars. Why is this considered an odontogenic keratocyst? Well, the premolars and molars back. Is everybody okay with that? Please stop me if you're not. I'm absolutely happy to explain things further. Okay. What cyst can be seen around the crown of an uninterrupted wisdom tooth? Ha ha, getting very specific here. What cyst can be seen around the crown of an uninterrupted wisdom tooth? So it's further back, but it's around the crown, not the roots of the teeth that we have been seeing. So always pay attention to those key words. Oh, I found a really good x-ray. I get excited when I see good x-rays. You guys are very good.  I'm just curious, because you guys are doing very well. Oh, you guessed. Actually, I think everybody guessed. You're kidding. You guys are pretty good then. Okay, let me talk about it. It is the dentajerocyst. I know I pronounced that one wrong, but here is a great x-ray. And I'm going to point out the cyst again, like just to help you guys get used to it. Sorry about the quality of the x-rays. They're not mine, obviously. They're from the internet.  So the key terms here are crown of an uninterrupted wisdom tooth, meaning it's still underneath the gum, you can't see it. There's a big cyst there. What you need to tell your patients, if they have uninterrupted wisdom teeth, we can leave them alone, but it's more common to get cysts. So they will want x-rays, a panorex specifically, probably once every five years to make sure there's no cysts present. Not that you have to get the wisdom teeth removed if they're uninterrupted. I actually tell my patients, you don't have to, but let's take the x-ray, the panorex, to really know for sure. But just so you know, it's more common to get cysts around uninterrupted wisdom teeth. Just kind of side notes. You know, as you're talking to your patient, waiting for your check, while you're explaining x-rays to them, I love to explain x-rays to patients, which is funny, because having my own business, I can't take x-rays anymore, so I just have them get the x-rays from their dental office, but I love to explain things to them. Yeah, but I think everybody got that right anyway. Okay, next one. What best describes a ranula? What best describes a ranula? So you guys do have to know this. I'm gonna look for a good picture right now. They love to ask this on the exam. Ew, really gross pictures again. Gosh, I wish they would stop doing that. And apparently it's more common than people think. Yeah, a lot of my patients lately seem to have had them in the past. Yeah, I've never seen one in the mouth in my 16 years, but lately patients are telling me, oh yeah, like I had this, oh wait, I can't really tell you the answer because then you're gonna know the answer. Oh goodness, you guys are very good. This is definitely a thinker though, so please read all of the answers and then let me know what you decide. Very good, you guys. A blockage by a salivary stone in the duct of a major salivary gland, the best and only answer. So can everybody see this? It's pretty obvious. They're not usually this big, but this is what it looks like. It could be smaller or it could be big, but they just simply have to drain that. So yeah, apparently that's what they do. So this is where oral cancer screenings are important. I'm sure your patient would have known this is there, but sometimes if it's really tiny, they might not know. It's under the tongue on the floor of the mouth. Any questions about that you guys? A and B are correct, but it's more common a major salivary gland, okay? Please know this, they love to ask it on the exam. Okay, what causes necrotizing cellulometa plagia? What causes this?  What causes this you guys? What do you think? Ooh, some other really gross pictures, which I will show you. Actually, a couple of different answers here. I thought this was an easy one to be honest, but I guess if you haven't studied this yet, then it makes sense why you wouldn't. I'm definitely going to talk about this. Definitely going to talk about this to explain it, because I don't think anybody has the right answer yet. Oh, maybe somebody does, but most of you do not. Okay, let's talk about it. Okay, you guys. So it's a lack of blood supply to the area, basically. I know it's very generic, but that's just truly what it is. So how do you get a lack of blood supply to any area? Can somebody tell me like any ideas of how this happens? It's not caused by eating certain foods or too much sugar or too much acidity. It's caused by other things. Why would you get lack of blood supply to certain areas? Any guesses? And you don't have to have the right answer, just sort of guess. Type in the chat box and let me know your thoughts. This might not even be in the textbook. Like this is critical thinking type of questions where you won't see, you will get lack of blood supply to the area by this. So this is critical thinking for you guys, which I like you guys to practice critical thinking. So this is a great example. Yes, so basically by some conditions, if you have diabetes, your blood circulation might not be as thorough as other peoples. I have always been told I have poor circulation. I don't have diabetes, but well, at least not yet.  If you bruise easily, it might be harder for you to get blood supply or sorry, it's kind of the opposite, but your body just doesn't work as it should. Smoking is a great example. Lack of blood supply to the area, such as smokers. They might not bleed as much during a cleaning appointment because there's not as much blood supply there because smoking hinders that. So does that help you guys have a little bit? Just basically lack of blood supply to the area, that's all. Here's a great example. So this is from a smoker basically, but I suppose a non-smoker can get this too. Just basically, if you see something like this in the mouth, it's not good, but the next question could be, what caused that? Well, you could say, well, lack of blood supply to the area caused that, but what caused that? It could be from smoking. It could actually be drinking alcohol as well, but it's not usually just drinking alcohol. It could be drinking alcohol and somebody who's diabetic or drinking alcohol and smoking. So that would actually be a good answer as well. B is a correct answer, but D is more correct because that's more specific. Does everybody understand why D is the better answer here? B is correct because that would cause lack of blood supply, but you need to know what that's caused by. I know, it takes practice. But last question, time actually went by really fast today, at least for me. What does a simple bone cyst look like? So these are the common cysts that I want you guys to know for the board exam. You don't have to go crazy and honestly know all of them. In my opinion, still look through them if you want, but these are the common ones that if they're going to ask, they will ask unless they completely decide to mix up their exams and not do what they've done in the past. But these are the more common ones. What does a simple bone cyst looks like? And I'm trying to find X-rays, but it's actually kind of hard because they're not showing me correct bone cysts. What do you guys think? Good job, you guys. Even if you don't know the answer, take a guess. It's perfect. It's really nice to take a guess. Very good guesses, by the way. Okay, so the answer is radial lucent projections between roots. So black projections between roots. It's very hard to find an X-ray on that. So I apologize for some reason. It's not showing me any good ones, but just basically think between the roots of teeth. So let's see. I'm just trying to find any X-ray right now that's showing a cyst between the roots just so I can kind of lead you guys, but there's maybe kind of found one but not really, to be honest. Okay, this is at least something I can point out. So, radial lucent projections. I wouldn't really consider this a projection, but you can at least see, see how it's between the roots of the teeth. It even has an arrow showing you guys. Here, I'll make it bigger. It's between the roots and it's black. Not the best one, but this is kind of just showing you. So it would not look like here. Let me actually show you some of the other slides. So think, simple bone cyst, radial lucent projections between the roots. It would not look like this because this is a clear, well-defined circle along one root. It would not look like this either because it's a clear circle. It is between two teeth at the roots, but it's too well-defined, okay? This one, it's more like radial lucent projections between the roots. So it's not a well-defined circle. It's more like a triangle shape almost between the roots. It would not look like this where it's covering multiple teeth because this is still well-defined, I would say. It does not look like this where it's, again, well-defined. Is everybody okay with that? So if you're taking notes, you can say a simple bone cyst is radial lucent projections between roots, not well-defined. So have that in there, not well-defined. If on the exam, it says what cyst is not well-defined, well, then you know, a simple bone cyst. Between the roots, though, it's also a key thing to point out between the roots. Is everybody good with that? Does that make sense? I don't wanna confuse anybody, and since I couldn't find a very good x-ray. So that was really good timing. I don't know how I do it. I thought we'd be done early. We're done five minutes early, but that was still pretty good timing. Does anybody have any questions about the cysts or any, I guess, like dental studying questions overall? It doesn't have to be about cysts. Since we're done early, our next one will be about anatomy, going through anatomy. Anatomy usually takes a couple of sessions, because I'll talk about head and neck anatomy probably for one session. I'll talk about muscles for another session. I'll talk about oral facial anatomy, so like teeth anatomy, like what the laterals look like, the molars, how many cusps, that kind of thing. So we'll probably do three sessions about anatomy, but it's great to learn. It's a lot more exciting, I hope. Correct me if I'm wrong, to learn a topic this way than it is to just read through your textbook, right? And when you guys study inside the course, please don't get overwhelmed. There is a lot of materials inside the course, but it's because I wanna offer you guys different materials.  That's not gonna help you guys. You don't have to study all the PowerPoints at once. Take your time, mix up the topics. That will help you. It's kind of like school. If your instructors gave you all the classes, all the notes, all the textbooks at once, you would be overwhelmed. You do have to know all of it, but that's why there's modules, there's semesters, there's exams. But with tutoring, I don't wanna give you like anatomy one week and then oral pathology the next week because some people like to study in advance. Some take your time. Learn at your own pace. Absolutely, learn at your own pace and mix it up with the studying. I do highly recommend going into our members only Facebook group.  Listen to me talking is so much easier than reading something. So just go into the members only Facebook page. You will see the links to our 2021 sessions, 2019 sessions, 2020 sessions. Pick a topic and just listen to me talk. They are like these mock exams. So even if you're doing something else, like cleaning the kitchen, I say this a lot, if you're cleaning the kitchen, you can hear me talk, you don't necessarily like have to be paying attention to the screen the whole time, but then you might wanna pause the video if I'm going over a question and you're pausing it and thinking, okay, how would I answer that? You know, so it's up to you how you wanna study. People ask me all the time, how should I study? How should I go through the course? It's truly up to you, but I do suggest listening to these sessions because it does help you.  I apologize, that's weird. Are you referring to the community indices like the perioindex, the oral hygiene index? Okay, yes, that's what I thought. I do have that. The question is where? Question is where? Let me just do a quick search, actually, on YouTube right now. I do have indices inside the course as well. It would be under community, I think. I apologize, I don't know. Let me look it up on YouTube right now. So thanks for bringing that to my attention. The nice thing you guys about the indices is, yes, you have to know them for the exam, but I would study that like the last week. Don't study it months in advance, because you'll forget it's all memorizing. I am just going to my channel right now and doing a search under indices, because that might be a member's only video. So if you did a search for it, it might not pop up depending. So, sorry guys, I'm just checking right now. I actually don't see it, which is annoying, because I know I have it. So what would I have called it? This is the question. What would I have called it? Darn. Hey, if I have to do another one, I will, because it has been a while. Let me search my computer. Let me search my computer. But in the meantime, does anybody else have any questions? May the 7th, you're taking your exam. Good luck. Oh my gosh. I want to say it's not as easy as people think, but it's also not as hard as people think. Make sure to study for it, obviously for your QA exam. So you're not talking about the board exam, right? You're talking about the QA exam? Yes. So the QA exam isn't as hard as the board exam, but study for it like you're taking the board exam. So this is perfect. And I'm sorry, your name isn't popping up. Who had just commented that your QA exam? Thank you, Ashley, thank you, sorry. Yeah, for some reason it just says blank, like from blank to me. Yeah, so study for it like the board exam, I'm telling you. Those that lightly study for it fail, literally. So look inside your QA course that I have for you, study everything and listen to these sessions. This SIST session is perfect because this is all you would have to know if they ask you a SIST question on the QA exam. Don't waste your time reading the chapters on SIST. You don't have to know that. For the board exam though, yes, if you're taking the board exam, briefly go through your SIST chapter, but don't spend hours memorizing it, just go through what we learned today. The QA exam, it stands for Quality Assurance Exam. Here in Ontario, we're so lucky. We get audited typically once every five to six years, if not sooner. I've been audited every five years like clockwork. So I've been audited like three times, yeah, literally. We get audited. So we have the choice to either submit our professional portfolio, showing all of the courses we have taken, writing about it, it's really ridiculous. Sorry I said that. Probably shouldn't be recording this. But, or we can take the exam. So called the Quality Assurance Exam. It's kind of like a mini board exam. Okay, sorry, Ashley. You would not have indices in your QA exam. I'm looking that up right now and I'm going to add something for you, but they don't typically, I shouldn't say that. They might have had one question on indices before, but it's not typical to have that. I almost want to say, do you have any textbooks, Ashley? You can look, actually, can I look in my textbook right now for you? I have my textbook on Kindle. Sorry guys, I'm talking kind of out loud to Ashley, but if anybody else has any questions, please let me know. I'm just doing a search on my Kindle right now. I did a search on my computer. Just kind of looking up Kindle. I highly recommend you don't need to buy the textbook again. In fact, please don't. If you do, again, get the Kindle version because it's so much easier to look it up that way. Ashley, sorry, I'm just pulling up my textbook right now. I'm doing a search for indices on Kindle. It's so much easier, oh, 315 matches. Okay, that's not helping me. Let me quickly check, sorry, Ashley. Come on, maybe if I put in like plaque score. And sorry guys, if anybody has any questions, type in the comments box and I promise to get back to you. I'm just checking. Well, that's annoying, I can't find it. Let me look under table of contents. Let's see, because you know what? Ashley, I should have that in the quality assurance course. They don't typically ask about it on the exam, which is why I don't have it yet, but it can't hurt to just give you guys a quick slide on indices. I am just having difficulty finding it. So I might search for that. And you know what? The calculations are confusing.  I cannot help you with the calculations any more than probably you can to be perfectly frank with you. I don't do math, it's confusing. I can help explain things for you, but that's one of the things where even I would have a hard time with it. Aha, I found the indices. Ah, okay, I see what you're saying. So just in case you guys are curious, let me share my screen right now and we can cry together of how confusing the indices are. Of course it's in really small print. I'm sorry, how do I zoom in here? Ooh, this is good. Okay, that's as far as it goes. So Ashley, this is what you're talking about, right? The different indices. So like carries, gingivitis, bleeding, all of that and how to do the calculations. So again, I'm being completely honest with you. I can't help you with them any more than you because I would need help with them. So I would memorize them. I know, I'm sorry, memorize them. And if they ask you a question on the quality assurance exam, then you can at least try to work through it. They don't usually ask though, which is why I don't put it in the course because I don't want somebody to focus on this for two weeks when they've never asked a question. They might have asked one question. If you get it wrong, no big deal. Is it worth studying for three weeks for one question? Not in my opinion. But that's my true opinion on that one. Oh, yes, have fun in clinic. Thank you for coming, mean you. Sorry if I pronounced your name wrong. Have fun in clinic. Good luck. Thank you for hopping on as always. You are always here. Good luck. This will be recorded, but we are done. I'm just answering questions right now. So Ashley, sorry. I'm sure that does not help you but I wouldn't worry about it, okay? Just because if they ask you a question, it's gonna be like one question. If they ask you more questions, tell me and I'll just have to learn it myself for the next time. But they don't usually ask. Does anybody else have any other questions? Oh, if somebody fails the QA exam, do they lose their license? No, nobody has failed it more than three times yet. So I don't even think they know what to do if that happens. People just don't fail it. They do fail it, sorry. I've had somebody fail it twice but then they passed on their third attempt. I don't think anybody has failed it after three attempts. So I don't even know what happens. I don't even think they know. People ask me that all the time and I tell them just don't fail. If you failed once, because I do have a lot of people who come to me for the QA course after they have failed once, I say, well, this will help you pass. So study it, do what I tell you and you'll be fine. You will be, honestly. So study, study, study. Does anybody else have any questions about anything? Our next one will be anatomy. Exciting, right? And yes, this will be recorded. The recording will be up by this evening. So you guys in the members only Facebook group, quality assurance members, I don't believe you guys have access to that unless you signed up for the additional dental hygiene review videos. So then yes, Ashley, you have access to it but the recording will be up if you guys need it. If for some reason you aren't in the private Facebook group, please request to join again because it might have just been an oversight. Good, I am very happy to help. That's why I'm here. You guys have a great Sunday. Enjoy this nice weather. It's really nice out. I don't know if it's warm today, at least in my area. We did get a lot of rain last night, but it's really nice. I'm checking the weather right now. It is a high of 16. Hey, that's nice, I'll take it. Rain tonight, at least in my area. So enjoy it today. Thank you guys so much. You are so welcome. It's my pleasure. Have a great Sunday. You guys all did awesome and now you know all about cysts. Easy peasy for a Sunday. Have a great day, you guys. Thank you, bye.


Teaching English in China – The Salary and Budget Guide. This guide will help you answer the question, how much can I earn and save teaching English in China? You'll also find information on the local cost of living in order to figure out, how much to budget for when making the move to China. The typical salary for English teachers in China. Throughout the country, there are a large variety of jobs available, but the salary depends on which schools and institutions you work for as well as your own qualifications and experience. English teachers in China can expect to make between 6,000 to 16,000 Chinese yuan, currently 890 to 2,400 US dollars. Those teaching at an international school, however, can make up to 30,000 Chinese yuan, 4,400 US dollars. If you are a first-time teacher, you can expect to earn between 6,000 and 12,000 Chinese yuan per month which equates to around 890 to 1,800 US dollars. The salary also depends on where you are based. The big three, Beijing, 107,000 expats, Shanghai, 209,000 expats, and Guangzhou, over 200,000 expats, pay the highest salaries but also have a higher cost of living compared to other cities around China. Other benefits to expect when teaching English in China. Besides the salary, most teachers receive free housing or a housing allowance from their employer. On top of that, most schools also pay for the round-trip airfare for their teachers. How to earn extra cash while teaching English in China. Many teachers in the country take advantage of the high demand for private language tutors. The growing middle class and particular routinely hire tutors for extra English study for their children outside of school hours. In doing so, it's not uncommon for teachers to double their income by taking on a couple of students in their free time. Most of these private tutoring lessons are paid by the hour with prices ranging from 180 to 250 Chinese yuan per hour. The cost of living in China. While prices are on the rise, the cost of living in China is still favorable compared to most industrialized nations. So much so that in some parts of the country the cost of living is half of that in the USA. That's why teachers in China can live very comfortably and have a strong purchasing power. Many teachers can afford a lifestyle they wouldn't be able to enjoy back home. This includes luxuries like hiring a housekeeper, travel every month, regularly eating out at restaurants, relaxing spa sessions and enjoying nights out with friends and colleagues. Let's break down the cost of living in China for individual areas below. Cost of living in China, food. Living out at local restaurants and purchasing produce and ingredients at Chinese supermarkets not only gives you an amazing insight into the Chinese way of life, but also leaves you with money in your pockets for fun and an adventure. Milk, 1 liter, 7 Chinese yuan. 12 eggs, 7 Chinese yuan. Carrots, 1 kilogram, 5 Chinese yuan. Chicken breast, 1 kilogram, 15 Chinese yuan. Rice, 1 kilogram, 8 Chinese yuan. Bottle of water, 1.5 liters, 3 Chinese yuan. Bottle of Chinese beer, half a liter, 4 Chinese yuan. Cost of living in China, leisure activities. Leisure activities in China are very affordable and Chinese people love spending time out. This starts with frequent meals out with colleagues, friends, and family. Try your way through the wide range of regional dishes China has to offer. Then, you can hang out with friends at clubs and karaoke bars, work out at the gym or get a massage and relax. China's leisure activities have something for everyone. Three-course medrange restaurant dinner, 80 Chinese yuan. Quick restaurant meal of rice or noodles, 25 Chinese yuan. Large dumplings, a common street food, 3 Chinese yuan. Housekeeper, 2 hours, 30 Chinese yuan. Massage, 30 minutes, 40 Chinese yuan. One-month fitness club membership, 150 Chinese yuan. Movie ticket, international release, 65 Chinese yuan. Cost of living in China, transportation. The public transit network in China has gotten a lot of attention from the government in recent years who have constantly expanded and improved it. Today, it's one of the most advanced and vast in the world. Taxi prices are very affordable and buses and subway rides are also inexpensive. Metro ride, 3 Chinese yuan. Taxi rate per kilometer, 2 Chinese yuan and 20 fans, start fare 10 Chinese yuan. 20-minute taxi ride across town, 25 Chinese yuan. City bus, 2 Chinese yuan. 3-hour bicycle rental, 8 Chinese yuan, plus 100 Chinese yuan's deposit, returned. Ferry crossing, 2 Chinese yuan's. Cost of living in China, travel in China and beyond. Travelers on a budget love China. The trains are fast and numerous and ticket prices are very affordable. Domestic flights are usually inexpensive, except for price rises during national holidays like Chinese New Year or the Mid-Autumn Festival. One night in a mid-range hotel, 350 Chinese yuan's. High-speed train, Shenzhen to Wuhan, 3 hours, 490 Chinese yuan's. Slow train, Guangzhou to Wuhan, 10 hours, 120 Chinese yuan's. Flight, Shenzhen to Beijing, 2 hours, 800 Chinese yuan's. Flight, Shenzhen to Bangkok, 3 hours, 1300 Chinese yuan's. Sample monthly teacher budget. To give you an example of how an English teacher in China spends their salary, here is a sample monthly budget. Gross income, salary, up to 13,500 Chinese yuan's. Rent, 3,000 Chinese yuan's. Utilities, electricity, gas, water, 200 Chinese yuan's. Phone and internet, 300 Chinese yuan's. Food, 1,500 Chinese yuan's. Insurance, 295 Chinese yuan's. Remaining disposable income, 8,205 Chinese yuan's. How much you can save when teaching English in China? As you can see from the sample budget above, the added benefits and high salaries in China allow you to save substantial sums of money during the length of your contract. Depending on lifestyle, an ESL teacher in China is able to save anything from 500 to 1,500 US dollars per month.


The world's largest cave system, 400 miles.  Let us so live that when we come to die, even Undertaker will be sorry. Be with me. Ride with me. Let's explore the spirit of America. I'm on the highway 61, celebrating Bob Dylan. All celebrated, outlaw. I got on my bike and I rode straight through and I arrived. Hi, 12 feeter, 12 feeter. What do you think I lost 10,000 miles? Take care of yourself. Thank you. Thank you for everything. Already 9.35, we must leave in the next ten minutes. Possible, we're not? Ready. 9.45 in the morning, just starting off from Tripoli or Isha Institute of Inner Sciences. So we're taking a scenic route through Bloomingdale and getting to Mammoth Caves from there on to St. Louis today in Misari. So about nearly seven to eight hours of ride, teams are all getting ready, still many of them packing. But we're leaving them behind and going on because we have to be at the cave in time for us to spend enough time there. Hope to bring in the human experience of a nation, its terrain, its history. No history, no nation, no people ever existed without their own unique spiritual processes, longings to access mysticism, which might have turned into a religious process over a period of time, but these longings have always been there in human heart. So this is an exploration of the American heart. What was beating in their hearts, what drove them to do what they did in their lives. Much of it, factually we can never find, but in spirit we can touch these dimensions. This is the effort right now. Thank you very much. Let's keep going. Tell me, you want to be on the road for an hour? It's a mammoth cave. It's one of the largest cave systems in the world. We went there once. And yeah, many years ago, both of us went, do you remember? Yeah. Then what month, 10,000 miles? I'm riding the K-1600TD. It's not a monster, it's a very civilized wonder. This motorcycle is 344 kilometers with kilograms, with access to 425, but 425 kilograms, it just shakes around in the wind. I said it's unbelievable, it's buffeted around in the wind like that, but I'm pretty sure you're doing speeds that are unbelievable too. I'm riding fast enough to keep away from everybody. Part of the virus protocol. Okay, baby, take care. Okay, I'll speak to you soon. Namaskaram. Oh, all of you are. Okay. Well, caves have always held intrigue. One reason is just the darkness. This cave is between three states of southern Indiana, Kentucky and Tennessee states. I mean to say it's that large. 400 miles. Mammoth Cave System is the world's largest cave system. The erosional force of the Green River has helped to carve the limestone into unique and extraordinary cost topography of this region over millions of years. Well, archaeology is not my expertise, nor is it something that you're looking for. So why are we in this cave? The movement of water in the calcium rocks is very similar to the movement of how the basic movement of fluids happen in our own body because the fundamental engineering of this creation is same. The capillary system, how it moves, that one little bit moves and creates a vacuum and pulls the next little bit and it keeps going and going and going. And this is a, this is an eternal pump, which is constantly working everywhere. Because of this, these cave systems have formed over a period of time and over 600 feet of limestone rock still exists beneath these caves. A cave means a natural shelter both for animals and human beings. So inevitably wherever there are ancient traditions and cultures, there have been caves. And as you know, the only preserved representations of ancient cultures is in the form of cave arts. Satu Guru. Satu Guru. We'd love to meet you. Where are you also? Michigan. Okay. So here's an effort crawling back into a very long cave, 400 mile long cave to feel, to touch the people of the past. We may not be all factually correct, but the important thing to feel the spirit because this land was inhabited by millions of people who by today's logic may not be correct, but they are people of immense spirit. Be with me. Ride with me. Let's explore the spirit of America. Is that okay to drive? We'll go. We'll go? Yeah. We'll take a break somewhere. Okay. Driving another four and a half hours. Yes, sir.  The light gets a little dim. It's just that light. No, no. That's okay. Right now what is it? It's still four thirty something. Yeah. By six o'clock please take it off. Okay. We are at Cahokia, a mount city east of Mississippi River. When we say mounds, mounds were built for various purposes, for social gatherings, for spiritual and religious rituals, for sacrifices, as graves, as residential quarters for the elite in the society. When you look at the structures, they show that there has been a certain understanding of measurements, angles and alignment. What you see here behind me, today being called as the monk's mound, but this is the largest mound. When I say logist, the base of the mound is covering over sixteen acres of land. This is a city with over 120 mounds, but today eighty are still intact. Cahokia, a place of intrigue, because to build these mounds, these people carried fifty-five million cubic feet of earth. Why would someone make such a stupendous effort? What drives them? This human longing to be something more than who you are. Whether you go stand on a mound or you wear high heels, essentially you're trying to be something more. Or you reach for your ultimate realization, essentially you are wanting to be something more than what you are. Something more than what nature allows you to be right now, something more beyond your physical and psychological self. This longing has driven this culture because we do not even know what nation they were. We just call them mound builders.  Somewhere around thirteen hundred AD, or CE as it is known today, they just vanished. We will explore these dimensions as we go on. Namaskaram! Namaskaram to all of you, wherever you are. We are here at Cahokia Mound City in Misari. My name is Lamar Stewart. I happen to get up this morning. I'm laying in bed and I take a look at my phone and up up to the app that tells me that Saad Guru was streaming live from Cahokia Mounds. And I was watching a live feed and I jumped in the truck and it runs fast. It does. It's a fast-running truck. So it got me down here just like that. Thank you for joining me already. Thank you for being who you are. Nice meeting you. Nice meeting you. Thank you. My name is Sandra. And yesterday I was in Alabama and I just kind of got feeling that if Saad Guru is going through Missouri and to Illinois, he's going to come here. And I got on my bike and I rode straight through and I arrived here twelve thirty midnight. And in this morning I came here. I've come on a long journey. You're hard to chase down. Loss, greed, outlaws. Many outlaws turned into American legends or often about individuals standing apart and out of reach from the all-powerful system. Probably among the outlaws, one of the most celebrated outlaw is Jesse James. Oh, they just opened the safe, huh? Hello. Hello. He was an American outlaw, a bank-and-train robber, Gurila and the leader of James Younger Gang raised in Little Dixie area of western Missouri. Though their crimes were reckless and brutal, many members of the gang commanded notoriety, fame and fan-following in the public eye. After being pursued by law enforcement for nearly twenty years, ironically, Jesse James was shot and killed for a bounty of ten thousand US dollars. Nice and seppy. In the making of Modern America, Mississippi has played a significant role in people's understanding of terrain. East of Mississippi was east, west of Mississippi was west. So crossing Mississippi and getting across was like within North America a new world. Rivers in the world have such a significant role in human life. It's only now, after the invention of the modern electric pump that people can live away from a river, otherwise you had to live somewhere close to a river. Even if you have an electric pump, it's still worth living on a river bank. Hello everybody! Before we leave, just take ten minutes just to make sure not a scrap of paper or plastic is anywhere here, okay? Wherever we go, before we leave, the place should be better than when we got in there, okay? Let's make it happen. Here we are going towards Hannibal, Markman's place Well, entire Hannibal is described as a fond love letter to Mark Twain and this is a place where he worked upon Huckleberry Finn. And here we are at Hannibal to visit Mark Twain. The study of Mark Twain, one of his quotes is, let us so live that when we come to die, even undertaker will be sorry. That's the way to live. We are Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn immortalized in the form of a sculpture. Whatever he wrote in very common language, in his own words, fine literature is like wine but what I write is like water, but everybody needs water. This is Huckleberry Finn or Huckleberry Finn, one of my favorite characters of literature and Huckleberry Finn who lived in my head for some time. Nobody else really occupied my mind much. I caught rabbits too. Here we are on highway 61 celebrating Bob Dylan. Can you beat these two American legends in one day? One is a living legend, another was Mark Twain, we just came from there. It's fantastic to be here highway 61, the now very famous highway 61. Here we are in Missouri. 6.30 in the morning placing the river, don't sit together with social distancing. Do the Guru Puja then do Shambhavi for the day we'll decide later. It's best that we leave this place at least by eight o'clock.


Welcome to JSA-TV, the newsroom for tech and telecom professionals. I'm Jamie Scott-Okitaya, here at beautiful Honolulu, take a look at this video footage shot from a drone care of excite modular, really beautiful shot of PTC 2019. Joining me here today, my good friend, Mr. Nick Lenosi, he is the COO of Resurgence Infrastructure Group, or Resurgence IG, Nick. Welcome to JSA-TV. Well thank you. I appreciate the opportunity to speak with you a little bit today and let you know a little bit about Resurgence and what we're up to. Yeah, we're so excited to have you here on JSA-TV. Nick, it's been so many wonderful years that I've had the opportunity to know you. And so a lot of great expertise to bring into this company. It's a new name for folks here, Resurgence IG, but some great assets. Tell us about them. Yeah, so we currently own and operate 736 miles of fiber network from Atlanta, Georgia, down to Miami via Jacksonville. And so today we primarily are a dark fiber provider with a fully 100% underground network. And because of the location of the fiber, it's been very important for a lot of the subsea guys who come into Florida. So it's a great asset and we have plenty of capacity. And we're just trying to make it a little bit more valuable than it was in the past. And here we are, January 2019. What are your expansion plans for this year? So the expansion, what we're really trying to do is to take some off-ramps off of our existing network. And so today we've primarily just pretty much serviced each end of the spectrum of Atlanta and Miami as well as Jacksonville. And so a lot of the opportunities for fiber expansion come into the metro. And whether that's data center, enterprise, government, municipalities, the off-ramps are really very important. And it's something that hasn't been done with this asset in the past. So that's the primary expansion driver for 2019, is to get some off-ramps. I love that. Off-ramps. Also, this fiber, very unique. You're sitting on some pretty great assets there. Underground, as you mentioned. What other key differentiators should we talk about when we talk about your fiber assets? Yeah. So in this, there's always competition, right? And so there is existing fiber in similar arenas between Jacksonville and Atlanta to Miami. However, the existing fiber is much older. So it was deployed either in the 90s or even earlier for some of the carriers. And so this fiber was actually built and deployed in 2015 and 2016. And a lot of the carriers and enterprise players who are looking for dark fiber services want to be assured that their network has got the latest and greatest kind of abilities. And so not that fiber won't last 30 or 40 years, but the fact that the existing fiber that might traverse, maybe not on the same route, but traverse between the cities is much older in nature. And so the fact that this is really three- and four-year-old fiber is really a big differentiator. It truly is. And for those who might not already know this answer, why dark fiber and why now? So dark fiber truly has been around for a while. And many of the carriers and enterprise players have always looked at dark fiber, but have pretty much had to go the traditional route with managed lit services. And those are still important for most. But the larger players want to own and operate their own networks. And so it's not enough for them to, even with the bandwidth increases, to just continue to buy lit services when the opportunity is there to buy a fiber that they can own and control. Yeah. It's all about control these days. So where can our viewers go if they want to learn more? So personally, we've spent a lot of time and energy building our website and our brand, so www.resurgenceig.com or clearly, hopefully, they can reach out to me directly, and it's on the website as well. But we'd love to talk to them about the opportunities. And we're not really just limited to that Atlanta to Miami. We're always open. We have the ability to expand and increase our coverage outside of that area. And that's what we hope to do here in 2019 as well as 2020 is make this more viable network so that we can scale it to multiple markets. And Nick, I have to say, personally, knowing you from looking glass days, bright house days, you're an expert in our industry, we're so excited to see what you do with Resurgence IG. And thank you so much for joining us. Well I appreciate the opportunity again, and I'm not an expert, just somebody who's been around it way too long. An expert in my view, yes, but thank you guys for tuning in here to JSA TV, happy networking.


Okay, so thank you, thank you for waiting. We start today's functional group update from CICD team. We had to reschedule the last week update. Thanks, Jakob, for switching and doing front-end one instead. Maybe let's start with accomplishments. The last functional group update was between 9.4 and 9.5. And we actually managed to do a lot of 4.9.4, much less 4.9.5 due to vacations. We basically merged 75 team managers for 9.4 and 31 for 9.5. But what is more important is the features that we ship. We ship a lot of very important features like a lot of improvements to CA variables that makes much easier to automate your CICD projects by specifying group levels, specifying schedule, and a lot of that is EEPremium features, cross-project variables and environment-specific variables. For example, cross-project variables will be shipped with 9.5. Also, we merge security improvements like blocking pipeline jobs on protected branches. We merge some community improvements allowing you to specify configuration paths of your CICD file, but also some annoying bugs that a lot of people were facing at github.com and not only is this bug we cannot connect to CI server error message, but 9.5 is also some research project, not really research project, it's like research of the feature that we plan to do beyond 10.0 is proof of concept of job block, a few also later. And also Alessio Kaiser joined our team starting yesterday we see that as big accomplishment. But as always, there are lowlights, a few things that slipped partially because of lack of the hands to do proper testing, partially due to communication issues. These are the main things, Autodeploy 0.20, it's probably the biggest one that it slipped and it did slip for the second time. We actually miss merge window due to basically inability to make sure that everything that is part of Autodeploy is in a good shape and can be shipped with github. Autodeploy is basically connected with a lot of issues that are very important for 10.0 that gonna be released next month. Basically flattening configuration enabling auto devops, auto CI, this is what I'm gonna talk about a little later. Migrate CID status for stages, we did a lot of work on the preparing migrant migrations, but for some reason we didn't manage that in time. We started discussing protected runners, we had some good ideas how to implement that, but it did not happen either. Our supplement is for runners, this is something that is in play for some time, not yet being done. If we talk about 10.0, we are always ambitious. You can, for example, click the CI CD board for CE and EE for 10.0 to just see what we are currently working on. Like the biggest, I think, the most important part of the 10.0 you probably get that from the kickoff is Autodevops. And Autodevops is like our direction, not only for 10.0, but also for a few upcoming releases. But not only Autodevops, but there's also a lot of security changes and improvements, some performance, some customer support requests that are, we know that are being voted for some time already. And 10.0 is just a great time to do major changes and duplications. So we just do something that we should do a very long time ago, is just rename all occurrences of GitLab CI multi-runner to be GitLab runner everywhere. Because this is actually GitLab runner, not GitLab CI multi-runner today. And also duplications of all CI API, something that we are waiting everybody for some time, renaming code climate to code quality because this is more appropriate word to be used. But 10.0 is just a start of new era for the CI CD team and we are looking way beyond 10.0. I mentioned about Autodevops. If you are very interested about that, just click this link and you will see much more information about Autodevops. Basically Autodevops is like an ability for us to offer users very good user experience when using CI CD of GitLab by providing you auto build, auto CI, auto deploy, auto code quality, auto monitoring, we allow you to have this great and boring thing experience. There are some ideas what we can use. For example, for Autocci is the Heroku build packs for testing Heroku introduced build packs very long time ago, but sometime recently they introduced test packs. Actually this is extension to build packs that allows you to test your projects. It seems like the great idea to be used for this web-based projects that we gonna promote with Autodevops. Heroku-based projects that we play very nice with auto CI and auto deploy and we be like the great solution for Autodevops. But Autocci is not only about preparing you to improve onboarding, but also allowing you to have this implied configuration for everyone. Currently we enable CI CD for everyone, for every new project that is created, but we don't run anything because most of these projects doesn't have GitLab CI.yaml. With 10.0 we just plan to ship the first iteration of this GitLab CI configuration that will be used always. This is the configuration that will be built in into GitLab, but this will be the configuration that you can basically copy, improve and use in your project if you really need. But there will be always some configuration used if you have the CI CD enabled. The big, another move is just GKE integration. We are looking very, very into Kubernetes. Allowing you to create a Kubernetes clusters, install runners, improve the CD parts. So basically Autodevops of experience. We are looking into grouping everything, making it possible to configure everything on group level, like runners, Kubernetes clusters. We introduced variables recently. This is one of these steps to make it happen. We also see that there are some problems with the future scalability of CI CD part, like the size of the CI beats table. We just want to make sure that the stable is effectively stored and that we store metadata in the best possible way, that we have ability to archive some metadata and to make sure that we can scale today to also work in one year from now when we have, let's say, 10 times or 100 times more data than we have today. Configuration improvements. This is something that is also quite requested even by people at GitLab. For example, only X upon five part is one of these very interesting features. For example, if you prepare a documentation change, you don't really need to recompile everything, run any aspect or just RuboCop tests because you only want to link your documentation. So only expect this is one of the improvements that we are planning and we plan to ship. Ux improvements. This is something that is happening constantly and there is a lot of people working on that. For example, in the last release, we try to evaluate a feasibility of improving the job log. One of the reasons to improve the job log is that the job log is usually the place where you go when you see the failure and the current experience behind the job log it's kind of lacking compared to other CI services out there. For example, ability for people to easily find the relevant information for the failure, ability for people to figure out a to get a link to a place in job log, which is relevant and you can copy paste it but also ability to easily go through pipeline ground to job log. Something that is right now very complicated because you have to go to pipeline graph, click a link, you go to another page, then if you want to see another job in another stage, you have to go back and click again. This is the experience that is not very nice today. So we try to do proof of concept. Something I think it's not very widely used at GitLab but like proof of concept where the idea is to move fast, don't care about that quality because we have in mind that this is not something that we're gonna use for the final product but at least we can quickly test our assumptions about that feature. And for example, how performant it is if we were to implement that feature. CI on GitLab.com. Last time I mentioned about Bitcoin miners, this is like kind of ongoing and never ending story and there is like a lot of efforts from Brian here, our security lead and also from Thomas who are basically who and they are basically like introducing another mechanism for blocking Bitcoin miners. They are becoming more and more annoying basically every day and we just now in their face of figuring out what else we can do, what else we can implement in order to block them. I will not disclose any details about what we are doing. If you are interested, just click the first link. This is the confidential issue because we don't want to show everything what we are doing because this is publicly visible. Move artifacts to object storage. This is something that has been implemented but it now waits for execution. Execution production site and make sure that it works well. CI production readiness. There are a number of things being done and a number of things that are, we are continuing to work on. The end goal is basically to have the HA solution of our infrastructure. So not be really dependent on single infrastructure provider as we are today. This is something that we should be able to achieve once we introduce permittious monitoring for owners. Something that is actually taking some time today to be done. I think that that's it for today. I will happily read questions. Group configuration will be huge for many large customers. Yes, we think the same. This is something that is like being, it's actually the toy job that you have to configure some configurations on per project basis instead of allowing you to be configured on group level, especially that we have today subgroups. One of these examples you could think of is just runners. You just have your set runners for your group basically, not for the GitLab instance. Will that be an EEP feature? Some of that probably yes, but not all of that. Today, for example, group variables are CE feature, but we just resolve these cases, these use cases case by case. And then we make the decision whether this is EEP, EES or CE. Group configuration, we don't yet have plans for doing that. We did actually discuss that a number of times. It's not really a scaling issue. It's more like the ordering of the actions to be done with us with everything. Okay, I'm not seeing any more questions. If you have any other questions, just ask in either general questions or CICD channel and we will be happy to answer. Thank you, see you on the team call.


We discuss the properties and applications of amorphous, transparent conducting oxides, TCOs, which are semiconductors with atomic structures similar to helical atoms. They have applications in solar cells, light emitting diodes, LEDs, light emitting diodes, LEDs, optoelectronics, and solar thermal power generation. Expanding use of TCO is endangered by scarcity, cost of in, fragility of glass, limited transparency, to visible light, instability above 200 degrees Celsius, non-flexible for application of flexible solar cell, thus driving search for alternatives such as graphene or CNT, which are more stable under acidic, alkaline, oxidizing, reducing and elevated temperature. This article was authored by Afer Rakeshe, Sharma Nalan, Sharon Maheshvar and others.


tricks. Hi, Elf and JS. I just got everything ready. I'm going to present to you the best tips and tricks that you hopefully can add to your day-to-day of coding to have more fun, be more productive and efficient and show off to your friends. What else do you want to learn from tips and tricks? Maybe they learn something new too. I work on VS Code, so tips and tricks talks are a ton of fun for me as well because I can blend in my personal favorites that I show off to everybody who cares to listen and I can go back to the recent release notes and get all the amazing work that the team has done in front of you so you can start using them and I can go all the way back kind of beneath the surface of VS Code where a lot of amazing features linger that users haven't discovered yet. So I am happy. This is my happy place to show these tips and tricks to you. To get things started I mentioned you can show these tips and tricks to others. So how can you best show that? Often there's keyboard shortcuts involved and commands and all these little UI pieces one has to uncover and explain how to get there. So the best way to give tips and tricks is a remember the command and b if you know the command and use it more often learn the shortcut. Let's start with that. So when you want to demo something you can enable screencast mode. You did that. So now everything I do in VS Code is highlighted by VS Code itself. If I go back to what I just did typing screencast, hitting command shift P to open the command palette first, or F1. Screencast is already recently used so it's already now would be off. I want to switch it on again. Here we go. So now if you show all your crazy shortcuts, you customize and learn the new commands that you have memorized, this will help to explain it much better. This is how VS Code comes out of the box. So part one is we're looking at what are kind of the customizations that you can do to make VS Code adapt better to your workflow, to get the tools you most use most right in front of you, and to get just different styles that everybody has in the development into the tool you use most. Out of the box VS Code comes with a lot of amazing tools already. There's extensions for everything you need under the moon and it's a highly adaptable UI. So the first part already showed with a screencast mode. Let's check that first so we know it's on and I can present what I'm doing. First off, I love auto-save mode because I keep trying to perfect my code and don't save enough. And if I have auto-save mode on, I make sure to save often even though I don't hit command S or hit go into the menu. And then my build pipelines are set up to give me an instant preview so I can actually work on my code and keep coding away and see instantly what I'm doing. So let's enable that. We open settings, move that to the right and split pane, give it a little bit more room. An auto-save is actually the first option right on top. To show you how to search, you have auto-save within the command and it actually shows you two options. So if I go from off to after delay, it will now save my file every every one second. So going to this file which isn't edited yet, if I comment something out, now I have it marked modified after a second. But edit again, wait a second, it's now saved. Unfocus change does the same when you switch between tabs. So if you finish your work in one file, switch to another. Now the file is saved as well. If I move to on window change, now if I focus out of VS Code and back in, things are being saved. And back in. So now we have deletions and modifications. I'll say let's revert that, switch back and it's saved. What I recommend is after delay, it's the easiest. Keeps your work saved. You never lose it and it keeps in your changes as you work, which makes me feel productive at least. Next one up is how we actually use the UI. VS Code has this left activity bar and it's great. You have search, you have source control, you have debugging, you can find your extensions. What I don't like, I often, especially on a smaller screen, when I work on my laptop, I want to hide and show the site bar is needed. Because if I have the files open, I don't need to go in there. But that means, I don't probably want a few, who doesn't like that the windows and everything moves around. So there's two cams, site bar on the left and site bar on the right. Now when you close it, my code stays put, which is good. So you can move it anytime back and there's a command going with that, toggle site bar. You can already see site per visibility with I have been using command B and you can see toggle site per position. So let's move it back so you can confuse and you can follow along on your own. VS Code can do a lot more customizations in the UI. Very commonly is dragging these icons around where you need them. So you could move extensions up or down. But let's get a little bit more interesting. So let's open a terminal and what I find a really good way to bring things together where I look at them at the same time is moving, for example, the debug console into the run and debug activity bar view. Now they're in the same spot. I can start debugging. I can see my breakpoints. I can see the debug log output. I might even be able to close this. So I have more room for my code. That's one way. The other way is search. Search is really amazing in this small site bar for some quick searches. You look around, you find your lines you're looking for, but I also like it down here. Now if I go into search, I actually do have a lot more room and can see the longer lines as well. So that's another way. So bring a search back. I can also bring, for example, the problems view over here. So now as I go through my problems, I can again maximize the space I need. So make the best of the room you have on a small screen, on a large screen, adapted to whatever you need. But if you get into a weird spot, you can reset the view locations and bring everything back where it was. What I like to do to extend that, I showed off search in the panel below. Another way to use search is using it within the editor. So we're looking for search mode. It's in your search mode. And we switched that to reuse editor, which means it will only open in the other always using the same window if you already have search open. Now if we hit search command shift F, it opens over here. So we can actually reduce it, remove it here. We don't need anymore. We can always access it with the command if we need to, or a shortcut. If you search now, you'll find that it's okay. You keep losing your search results. So now as we go back, search go. There over here. So the other setting I recommend with that is search double click behavior. In this case it's go to location, which is default. And open location to the side is what brings the magic. So now we give this search some space. I can now actually browse through my search results, which get a lot of space in the editor with all lines presented. And they open on the right side to let me use the code. So this is my favorite style of searching. And gives me this really nice overview of the code. So let's look at WordWrap. Because you can see there's a lot of things missing if you use VS Code in small space or with many split editors. Going back to settings, WordWrap is default off in VS Code. If you switch it on, that's the first option. And on the easiest, VS Code will break lines whenever they hit the borders of the editor, which is really nice for smaller screens just to make things fit, especially if you're used to writing longer lines like documentation or markdown. The other way is WordWrap column, which then uses the WordWrap column setting, which is set to 80. And it will just break on that. So the editor window doesn't do anything anymore. But it's just breaking on the 80 characters limit. The last option is bounded, which is a combination of both. It still uses the 80 character limit to set the limit for each line. But you can also go in and now we'll pick up the editor. So really useful to have. It's my default to have it on so I can see all the code without scrolling left and right. Next up, what's really typical in my flow is creating a lot of files to like to create markdown files. So when you open a VS Code on the file, there's not much there. And then you have to pick the language mode down here. That's markdown. And now I can take my notes. The other way to do this is picking up the default default language mode. Let's go up here, default formator, default language. That's it. So default language mode is assigned to every new file you create that's untitled. So we set that to markdown. Now each file we create will automatically be a markdown file, which is great for taking notes or just scribbling down your to do. The other option is setting it to active editor language, which will pick up the last file you have open in index.js, create a new file, we'll create an index.js file. I've got a function, everything is already set to JavaScript and I can save it wherever I need. If I am in a HTML file, I can continue creating more HTML files. Really useful and feels just right. Next up, you see I already created a lot of different files I'm working on my project. PinTabs was one of the most requested features that we had in our backlog and it finally landed in a recent releases. Let me show you how it works. In this case, I'm working on FJS as my main project and I keep clicking around other parts of the project, but I don't want to lose FJS. I can just hit pin on that file on a tab and now you see a little pin appearing and it will not go away. It will always stay around, can't just close it. Similar to in the browser, these tabs are made to stay. PinTabs has some really cool customizations as well. PinTabs tabs. You can make them a little bit more compact because this file is taking a lot of space in my tab bar all the time now. Compact allows you to just limit it to the file icon and Shrink will still show you the first characters. So as you pin more files, you have still an idea of what's behind them. I like this part especially. This works well for me now. So what else can I do to actually make use of all these tabs I have open to see them? We just recently as well added WrapTabs. If I enable it, finally all the files I have open and the tabs I keep hoarding are at my fingertips. So I can close them, I can clean them up, maybe I want to get my space back, but this really allows you to remove, just need to scroll and go left and right to refine things. So that plus pin tabs allows you to really get on top of your tab hoarding. So we customized the UI, we customized tabs, we really improved our productivity and now I really don't want to lose those changes. The way to do that, to not just back your changes up, but also bring them on all the other BS code machines like your personal one and your work one and your VMs, you can use Settings Sync. It's built into VS Code, so nothing else to install. Just go into the menu here, turn on Settings Sync, it will ask you which pieces of your customizations you want to bring in. I want to bring everything. You sign in, you pick the channel, I'm on Insiders, so I'm not gonna pick that. You can have both installed site by site and sync differently. I'm gonna pick my GitHub account, you can also pick your Microsoft login and now VS Code uploads everything that I customized onto my account and it's turned on. Any changes that I made like the settings, everything else, is now securely backed up and I can bring into the next VS Code instance. This is a fresh VS Code installation that has nothing set up, look at the settings, it's empty, nothing happened here. I want to get my changes in. So in this instance as well, turn on Settings Sync, select everything, pick Insiders, GitHub account is saved to my system. Now it will get everything in, sorry there, what happened? So now if I customize further here, let's pick a color theme. Maybe in today I'm in the mood for some more red and let's keep working over here. Settings, extensions, everything will be synchronized across your VS Code and it's always one step away. Next up, let's look at IntelliSense and JavaScript debugging. One of the most useful things on a day-to-day while using VS Code and how we can make it even easier with the right shortcuts and the right settings. First off, expand and shrink selection. This shortcut and screencast mode is one of the most powerful to navigate your elements quickly. Pressing Ctrl Shift left and right allows you to go from your current selection, expanding it and shrinking it back to the next expression up and down. This works great in HTML to get the whole tag or just a part of the attribute, the whole tag, the parent element and then going up to the whole document and all the way back. In JavaScript, it works the same way. You can select the current word, the current object, the current function call and all the way up and down. One special trick, it works in Markdown. Expanding here, we'll select the current code block, then going up to the next header. This way, you can quickly navigate even within Markdown, giving the VS Code knows a lot about your code. The next trick we have powered up is IntelliSense the insert mode. If I go, for example, in the router, IntelliSense commands base is what powers this autocomplete. If I go back on a router, I will see all the methods on the Express router. If I now go in and hit delete, it will insert the value. Going into settings, searching for, so just insert, so just insert mode. You have the editor, so just insert mode. Let's switch that to replace by default, which I feel more intuitive. It does delete the text, which is why insert is the default, so you don't lose any of your text. Now if I start with the old get, I can now go back, pick this, what about just post. Now this function is replaced. You can do the same in other elements, get element by a D. I could replace it with get elements by tag name and the whole thing. So you can go back and forth and expand and reduce what you're looking for, if it's just a simple rename. Select it. How do you find out that this exists? There's the other suggest status bar, which is a neat addition to the suggestion box that's popping up. Now VS Code will tell you how to do replace, which is the default, and how to toggle over to an insert. Now if I have the get with note, I press command enter, it will actually do the old way of the insert, which I switched off. You can also show more, especially useful for web functionality, control space. You can see the very rich documentation for CSS, HTML, and JavaScript that comes baked in or all the rich typescript annotations that your code has. You can also resize those if you need more space or less space on a small screen. I love to have those. It's a little bigger. The next feature area I like to share some tips and tricks for is the JavaScript debugger that comes built in with VS Code. Last year, the team launched a new version and has a few tricks up its sleeves that make it really easy to set up without doing the whole launch to JSON dance and getting the team on board it. The first way to debug any script that you already have to find in a package or JSON is this code lens that gets added to the file. Hit debug, start. This will launch a JavaScript debug terminal for you with the script executing. Now the script is running and my server is up. I can open a browser that shows the output. My beautiful app. Now that debugging is running, I can go into my server side code, set breakpoints, refresh, and debug everything I like to know about. If I step over this and I have the image path set, I can edit things, which is the amazing part of debugging, and continue. Now when I hit the button, the cat is replaced by a dog, which is how it should be. Refreshing again without the breakpoint. We have the old cat back. This is one way. The other way is launching a JavaScript debug terminal on your own. If you kill this terminal, go into the command palette, search for JavaScript debug terminal, and get this. It opens up in a terminal panel, but now every note script you execute from here will be launched in debug mode. Even just a simple file and script like this, it doesn't even have a package of JSON. I can now launch, set a breakpoint in, hit note, hello.js, and start debugging. While you debug, everything that happens will be printed to the debug console. So I now continue. I will see the world output here. So you get logging and debugging all in one combined within VS Code, so no context switching. The other way to launch, let's use the same, let's use the same debug terminal for our app. We knew we had a breakpoint here before. If we just hit npm start now, same thing will happen. All the note processes are launched for being inspected and running in the debugger. If we now reload the app, we're again paused. We can now, again, just like in a browser, go to debug console and inspect the state of the app. Now it's undefined. Stepping one back in. It's again defined. We can poke around at all the little things that are running within the app. We can expand the objects and everything else happening within the debug console. The best rig, what I find, it really connects it all. It's not just going from the server side, but also going to the client side as well. Now that the app is running, it prints out where it's running. So if I launch this link, it will open Chrome with the debugger connected. I'm going to move to breakpoint so the app loads. Now we have the app running in the browser and this file, which is running in the browser, is running in debug mode. If I set a breakpoint here, I can now inspect the state of everything of the world within VS Code. Again, go to debug console, see what is power toggled. I can change power toggled. Really screw up the state of the world. Move to breakpoint, continue.  Not what I wanted, but makes the point. Let's fix it again. Set the breakpoint, hit the button, reset power toggled and continue. The other way to go about it, and this bridges the gap to console logging, is adding logpoints. Power is toggled. Now, if I enter, this is a logpoint and every time again in the browser, when this code runs, it will not break and pause, but actually just print the statement of the expression I entered. I find a new JavaScript debugger amazing. Any app I run, I run it through VS Code. So any time I run into an issue, I have something I need to clarify within the code, I can just add a logpoint or breakpoint, whatever I need to do to get to the root cause of it. For me, that's a lot easier than sprinkling in console logs and occasionally forgetting one when I commit it. So, try it out. Hope you like it too. Now that our app is running and the debugger attached, I can show you the last and probably most amazing part of the new infrastructure. It's really important to make things fast for your app, not just in the back end where you serve the data and serve the pages, but also in the front end where things have to be responsive for the user to actually click on. Looking at my app, I created this slash data endpoint that takes a while to serve this really important business data. Looking at the app, there's the code. Let's find out why is it slow. To start profiling, we have to look at the call stack within the run and debug menu and then see the take performance profile button on the left, little circle with a dot inside. Take performance profile is also the command that you can look up and maybe assign to a hotkey. Let's start profiling this one, the Node.js process, for about 10 seconds. Go back to server, hit it with the quest, refresh a few times. As soon as the 10 seconds are over, VS code will serve us with the profile. Profiles by default, sorted by self-time, which shows you the function first that does the most computing. In this case, it's merge.js. The other aggregate is total time, which also includes all the leave nodes of that function and everything it calls into. So going to merge, we can actually go in, this is called by merge sort and the novice function and doing some more processing. So let's look at the function itself. Within VS code, you will get a code lens that shows the profiling that we collected in the context of the function. For fjs, this also shows forget data with self-time and total time showing here that this function itself was really fast, but overall in total, it calls some really expensive functions. The other way to monitor is using the real time performance. Let's give it some room and we can see this real-time performance graph, which is provided by an extension. Install the VS code.js profile flame extension, which adds this panel to the run and debug panel. Now we see CPU and heap. Let's give it something to do. We can see the CPU usage is going up to 100% and the heap because of GC is also going up and then GC is happening and things are lower again. The same works on the front end. Now if we go into the call stack and select the browser, we'll get even more data. Now we can monitor, going back to our original page, we can monitor DOM nodes and layouts and style recalculations on an ongoing basis, monitoring how fast or front end is and what potentially could cause issues. I'm excited for how easy this makes it to work on performance as you do your day-to-day coding, not just for your back end but also your front end and all in one interface. That was it. Thanks so much for watching. I hope you have a blast adding these tips and tricks to your daily routine with VS code. Follow us on Twitter and TikTok for even more tips and tricks and keep checking out the release notes that we put out on a monthly basis for any new additions that might help you. I'm Herath Kirschner. Thanks so much from the VS code team. Bye!