Meat Boy is here for Thanksgiving and I'm going to show you guys how to make the most delicious dry brine turkey and reinforced gravy that you've ever had. Super simple, easy, delicious, not going to get better than this. Let's start with the turkey. In regards to choosing your turkey, here I have a local, organic, soy-free pasture raised turkey. This is about 550 a pound, so for a 14 pound bird, we're looking at around $65.  Not only that, it's going to have a higher omega-6 content, it's going to be devoid of nutrients. What you're doing by going organic is removing the agrochemical concern. If you remove soy from the feed, you know, you're optimizing the omega-3 to omega-6 ratio and the animal is going to get more forage or just higher quality nutrition in its diet and it's going to be more nutrient-dense. You can go pretty crazy, you know, this is actually really affordable, you know, $65 for a 14 pound bird.  Is it worth it? I mean, I would only pay that much for an actual legitimate wild turkey and you want to make sure you're getting what you're paying for. You know, look at the turkey itself. The flesh should be darker, you know, the fat should almost be yellow in some places. That also depends on the breed of the bird but as we could see, you know, this isn't your typical run-of-the-mill turkey. The flesh is darker, the skin is darker, you know, the fat has a slightly beige yellow coloring to it. You know, we know, you know, we're getting what we're paying for, maybe not the best but it's good enough especially for a once-a-year thing. The only concerns with this one, you know, might be that the Omega 6 to 3 ratio still isn't ideal and it's not as nutrient-dense as possible but we removed any negative concerns that could be in the meat. This did not come with the organs. Thankfully, it did have the gizzard which I just cut off. We're going to use this later to build flavor in the gravy. If you don't have this, it's not too big of a deal. Dry brine is very basic. You need about three tablespoons of salt for a 15-pound bird. You don't have to be too exact or precise with this. You definitely don't want to over or under salt the bird. Some people use herbs and seasonings and that might be necessary with, you know, a lower quality turkey but we really want the flavor of the turkey to shine here. And you might see some people like go under the skin and do stuff like that but the salt is going to penetrate completely through the flesh over, you know, the 48-hour dry brining period. So this is just a regular, you know, Mediterranean sea salt. I'm going to eyeball it here. Maybe you got a tablespoon and a half on here already. Just making sure to get salt on everything, every crevice, the wings, the legs. Very important, salt the inside of the turkey as well. Reminds me of some New York City grills. Not that there aren't any lovely New York City grills but, you know, a little loose in here, what are you going to do? The turkey is generously salted. Now I'm just going to transfer it to our roasting pan and bring it down to the fridge. This is probably the most difficult part of the whole process. Just having enough space in your fridge to have the turkey for 48 hours. Over the course of 48 hours, the salt is going to draw moisture out of the bird and it's also going to season the bird throughout. So every single bite of this bird will be salty. Most importantly, the skin is going to dry out a bit and that's going to allow us to get a really crispy crust incredibly easily. So we'll see you guys in 48 hours. Man, my hair is getting as wild as a turkey. Maybe I should hop in the oven. So it's been 48 hours and approximately one to two hours before you plan on cooking your turkey. We need to get it to room temperature. So take it out, you know, let it sit on the counter and we have a few things to get ready for the gravy. At the simplest, all you need for your gravy is some chicken stock or turkey stock, whatever stock, as well as something to thicken it. We're going to use a roux, which is a classic French combination of flour and butter, typically used to thicken sauces. I'm using high quality raw grass with butter and an heirloom variety of wheat. If you have allergies or don't want to use that or you're a carnivore, you can use beef gelatin to thicken it.  You can even just reduce it so much that it actually gets thick. So again, bare minimum, chicken broth, any broth and your thickening agent. To me, the best way to do this is to layer it with flavors like every classic French stock. This doesn't take too much more effort and even if you did put in more effort, it's not going to be much better than this. So we have mirepoix, which is two parts onion, one part carrot, one part celery, and you want the classic French stock seasonings of bay leaf and thyme. If you do have turkey organs, turkey gizzards, we can use those here as well. And one little secret is kombu, aka kelp, which is seaweed. Japanese use this in their stocks, their broths, their soups, and it adds a whole new layer of flavor. It also adds quite a few minerals, potassium, magnesium, and calcium. So all we're gonna do is put half of the mirepoix in the roasting tray with the turkey, roughly half. All right, so just like this, we have a nice little nest in the middle for the turkey. I don't like using the rack because the bottom of the steel is gonna retain some heat. And since the dark meat usually takes longer to cook, we want that heat on the surface area of the bird. We don't want the bird sitting on a rack and not getting heat on the bottom. So turkey in the oven, 500 degrees Fahrenheit, 30 minutes. Then we're going to lower the heat to 350 and cook it to temperature. If it gets too brown at any point, just cover it with foil. This is where you really need an instant read or probe thermometer. The biggest mistake people make when it comes to poultry is the cooking temperature. And regardless of dry brining, regardless of all these cooking methods, the most important thing to get right is that you get that bird to the perfect temperature because that will yield a moist and delicious meal. So we want the white meat to be at about 143 to 144 degrees. Then it will go up to 150 after taking it out of the oven. The meat still retains some of the heat from said oven. And we want the dark meat to be about high 160s, 167, 168, then it'll go up to 175. Since the dark meat has a higher moisture content, it tends to retain a higher heat, a higher temperature. So don't worry about one cooking before the other. In the meantime, while that turkey is in the oven, we're going to prep the other things we need for our gravy. One extra thing to note is, if you want to add some aromatics to the turkey, like cinnamon or apple or lemons, like you can stuff the turkey cavity and it will make your house smell really good, I don't really care about that. For our gravy, we need to sweat the other vegetables as well as prepare our roux. So two pans on the heat, butter in both, medium heat, turkey parts go in the big pan. While the turkey is browning in the pan, we're going to add equal parts flour to the smaller pan. And don't be afraid if it yet too much, you can always add more butter. We want to add flour till this is not really wet. For those of you that don't know, this organic, iron-corn, whole grain sprouted flour, much less inflammatory than modern meat and it's also much more complex in flavor. And for what it's worth, the protein content is higher, less carbs, more nutritious. So this is where we want the roux to be texture-wise. We just have to cook the flour because it's raw flour being put into this pan. We want to get rid of that raw flavor. Turkey's a little bit brown. Now we're going to add the other vegetables.  Now, if there is a lot of turkey fat in your roasting pan, you can actually make this roux in the roasting pan itself, but this is just a safe precaution. So we don't really want to caramelize these vegetables and we just want them to expel a little bit of their flavor. Some recipes call for a dark roux which is where you cook it a little bit longer. It really brings out the nuttiness and the flavors of the grain. I just can do that if you'd like to. Very easy to burn it though. All right, the roux is done. We're going to set that aside. So in total, the vegetables are going to go for 10, 15 minutes depending on the size of your pan. You know, if you're not too bright like cranky boy, you'll have a pan that's a little too small and it's going to take longer. But again, we don't want to caramelize these. We just want most of the vegetables to be translucent. The vegetables have been sweating for about 10 minutes. You really don't want to overcook these here because they're going to be simmering in the gravy for like half an hour, 40 minutes. So this is really perfect. You know, everything's translucent. Pretty much raw on the inside though. It's been half an hour. We're going to rotate the turkey and lower the heat. A little bit of color on top. Nothing too crazy yet. One thing I didn't mention, make sure the turkey is as low in the oven as possible. Too close to the burner on even cooking. So now we're putting it on 350. It's been about an hour and 15 minutes. Turkey looks nice and golden brown. We're going to check the temperature. So you want to get really deep, close to the bone here for the breast. And about 149. So actually a little over where we want to be. And the leg muscles are way higher, about 175. So we went a few degrees over where we wanted to but should still be okay. To make our gravy, we're going to take the turkey out of the pan to rest. Now this needs to rest for an hour or two preferably. About as long as it cooked. And now you can see we have a lot of liquid. I'm going to put this on the heat. Since this is mostly liquid, we're just going to build our gravy right now. So I'm going to add the vegetables in that we sauteed earlier. And keep in mind these vegetables were sauteed and butter adds a whole new layer of flavor to this. I'm going to put in two bay leaves and a little bit of thyme. Maybe like a teaspoon dry. Kelp, I'm going to add about two sheets. And then we're going to pour in our chicken broth. Now I'm going to do two whole containers. And that might seem like a lot of chicken broth but this is going to reduce a lot. And the reason I like this brand is it has a little bit of fat in it. The fat is where the flavor is. Might be hard to find a brand with fat in it but you can always make your own. So we need to bring this back up to a simmer. And then I'm going to start incorporating the roux. And then we have to reduce it for 20, 30 minutes. Move the pan a little bit, try to get some triple burner action see if it gets this hotter quicker. I'm actually going to add another container of chicken broth because there's a lot of solids in here and the seaweed absorbed a lot of moisture. So I'm going to season this with a bit of salt. I'm going to put in a couple tablespoons of the roux. The starches in the flour are going to bring everything together. And it's going to have more of an opaque color to it. Now the reason we're doing this in the roasting pan is because it's easier and you know we're scraping up all the brown bits from the turkey cooking. But at this point I can transfer this to a pot since I'm having a hard time bringing this to a boil but I think we'll let this go for a few more minutes. And then the rest of the roux. And since we brown that flour this roux smells really nutty. It's almost like chocolate. They could eat this by the spoonful if you wanted to. I'm going to let this boil another 20 minutes or so and we'll see where it is. When you have a thicker sauce like this you want to make sure to keep scraping up the bottom especially where the burners are. So it doesn't burn. So if your gravy's on the thin side you can add more roux or you can increase the heat a little bit and we'll reduce it quicker. The main goal is to just have these flavor components in the stock together, you know for 20 to 30 minutes over heat so that they incorporate before we strain out the solids. Even though this looks like a lot of gravy keep in mind we have to strain this out and there's quite a few solids in here. So it's a little bit misleading. It's been stirring for about 20 to 25 minutes now and the texture of the gravy looks great. Keep in mind when this cools off a little bit it's going to get much, much thicker. So we're going to strain this right now. We're just going to strain this through a mesh and discard the solids. One last thing you could actually add is you know some alcohol, some acidity. Sherry vinegar would be great for both of these. You could add some Sherry wine as well as some type of like apple cider vinegar or something. When you do this you don't really want to press on the vegetables. You just want to move them around make sure all the gravy goes through. If you press on them you might get some unwanted sediments in the gravy. Quite a bit of gravy. Not as much as it looked like in the pan. Took about an hour in change to make that gravy so the turkey can definitely sit for a little bit longer but I want to get to bed at a reasonable time tonight. We're going to try a piece of the breast. Now this smells like turkey. For those of you guys that watched my vegan cake and egg and cheese yesterday didn't exactly smell like turkey. Flavor's very prominent, retains this moisture. I've never been a fan of the white meat that much. I usually like the thighs.  Pretty good. I'm just not a fan of turkey. The difference between this recipe and other ones is that it's really moist. The one thing that makes turkey good is the moisture content.  It's never going to have this amazing texture but if it's moist, it's good. So of course you have to try a piece with gravy. Oh my God, that gravy is, this gravy is crazy. You'll forget the turkey. Legit. Not gravy, it smells good. All right guys, so what I would do is, don't bother getting the turkey, just make that gravy recipe. I'm telling you guys, you will want to drink this gravy. No Gina, I think you've eaten enough today. So I was going to have my mother taste the turkey with gravy and my sister being the little piggy that she has ran down asking to taste it. So I guess she can have a little bite too. I just came to gaze upon my brother's handsome face here. And it is not store bought. The gravy's my favorite part. It's so moist and delicious. Well there you have it ladies and gentlemen. My brother Frank is a very good cook and ladies he's single. He can cook and do it all. Please date my brother ladies, please. Did Gina taste the turkey? Yeah, she tasted it. Actually I know that what's the difference. I can't get it on my roll. What are we in like a? This is a spa. What's that temple in like the Middle East called? Bratahj Mahal. Happy turkey day y'all. Am I even on camera? Not yet. Now you are. Hey, happy turkey day. I just want you to see this. Doesn't it look amazing? It's for my baby. I have to tell you, this is the dark meat. It's so perfect in color. I don't know if you could see that, but it's amazing. Okay, it's amazing. It's so succulent and Gina can't stop eating the sauce. I would marry his sauce if I could. Well ladies he's single. He's mad out there. Please date my brother. I'll give you whatever you want. And so is Gina by the way.  This is so amazing. Look, I'm cutting it and I don't even need a knife. It's so tender. You could drink the sauce. What time? Do it right now. What? It's amazing. If I could find a man that can cook like you, I can be considered very lucky. If you watch this video and do what my son said, you're gonna have the most perfect turkey and happy Thanksgiving to all. Man, is that what I really deserve? They steal my food, leave me with the dishes to wash, tell other women to take my money. Well, thank you guys for joining me. If you could please like the video, subscribe, hit that bell icon. Of course, share the video if you can. You guys do wanna support me further. Check out Frankie's free range meat. We didn't have turkeys this year, but we have rib roast, Wagyu untrimmed rib-eye roast for Christmas. So definitely check that out in about a week. You can also go to Frankie's naturals for minimal ingredients, minimally processed hygiene and cosmetic products. If you guys would like to reach out to me for health consultations, you can send me an email, frankatefinalatgmail.com. Everything is down below in the comments, guys. Thanks again. Enjoy your Thanksgiving. And if you're Canadian or not in America, sorry.


Sadhguru, you're going to be riding a bike for thirty thousand kilometers. Is it to bring attention to the cause of saving the soil? We have returned to seven hundred and thirty political parties in the world. To make them understand, they have to bring this into their political agenda, into their election manifestos. Because we are going to move three to three point five billion people in the world. Which simply means sixty percent of the world's electorate is saying, yes, we are concerned about soil. If you're running a political party, you will be a dinosaur by not paying attention to that. The idea of this motorcycle ride is just that, tell me if I go down, fly into different countries, you think all these doors will open? No, they have to see that I'm taking my life a bit.


In this video, we're going to find out the potential energy of a spring that is compressed. So I have a spring here which initially is not compressed, so we're going to start from position zero, and then we're going to push it in by a certain distance x. Now first, let's think about what we actually know. We do know Hooke's law that gives us the force of a spring. We know the force of a spring is going to be the opposite direction of my displacement x and multiplied by the spring constant. So this is Hooke's law. What else do we know? We know that the work done by any force is the force that product the displacement if the force is the same all the time. But now here in the case of the spring, the more we compress the spring, the higher the force will be. So we will actually have to integrate the force times ds. So now before I lose everyone that didn't take calculus yet, this video is still going to be useful even if you didn't take calculus and you don't know what I'm doing with the integration part. You can still take out of it Hooke's law itself that the force is proportional to the displacement and pointing in opposite direction of displacement. And the final answer that we're going to get which is potential energy. Now what else do we know? Potential energy, the definition of a potential energy of a conservative force is that it is the negative of the work done by the conservative force. So here the conservative force in question is the spring force. Once we compress the spring, it will automatically spring back and actually give us all the energy back. So that means it's conserved. Also it doesn't matter how I compress from here to here. If I go here, here, and move around in between, it doesn't matter. It's path independent. It only depends on the final and the initial position. Now before we go any further, let's do a quick free-body diagram to analyze the situation, what the forces are, that are acting on my object. So I have my object which was the block and I have the spring force which goes backwards, which is what basically Hooke's law described me by putting the minus in there. And there is some other force that I'm using, a push, to push it in. But we're not really interested in what the push is doing. We're going to be interested in what the spring force is doing. Plus we have a displacement that goes in that direction here. So now let's start with the calculations. So the work is equal to the integral of the force times the displacement. So in this situation, my force of the spring is pointing in negative direction. This is also, okay, we sign here, minus kx. And my displacement is going to be the distance x to which we push it. So we're going in that direction dx. So if I integrate that, I get minus one-half kx squared plus my integration constant. And I'm going to evaluate this from my x initial being zero to my x final. What I get is that my work is minus one-half times the spring constant times x final squared minus x initial squared. Now where do we go with this? Well, now we use the potential energy. So we have change in potential energy, is my potential energy final minus my potential energy initial is minus the work done by the spring force. So minus minus gives me one-half times the spring constant times if my x initial was at zero x final squared. And that is the final answer of what is the potential energy of a spring? The potential energy of a spring, starting a spring, depends on the spring constant and how much it is compressed or extended from the initial zero position.


I know let's get this straight. Oh do you even want to be doing this? I don't know for me it sort of feels like a complete waste of time but I also feel like I'm sort of missing out on something that's new to YouTube and it's this. It's called YouTube sort. There's sorts? It's called YouTube shorts and YouTube shorts are vertical or portrait videos served on mobile devices. YouTube says that any video that's portraits and under 60 seconds will automatically be pulled into the shorts shelf. And that's not easy to say. And these YouTube shorts are offered on mobile devices on the homepage and they also show up on our channel page subscription feed and what to watch next just like regular videos. Now someone kindly asked me are YouTube shorts the same as YouTube stories? I had no idea how stories and shorts are different so I had to look it up. YouTube stories also show up on your mobile. They look like these Instagrammy or TikToky quick videos from big YouTubers. So the differences I could find are that stories expire after seven days. Why would you do that? And stories are only for creators who have over 10,000 subscribers. Whereas I think YouTube shorts exist on our channel forever just like a regular video. It's hard enough for me to just make normal videos for my YouTube channel without having to do shorts as well. So I promise I'm going to get you and me through this as quickly as possible and I'm doing this on a desktop just to give us an overview of what YouTube shorts is. You can do this on your phone using an app like InShots or even from the YouTube app itself once it's rolled out. By the way, hello. Welcome back to the Happy Huts. My name's Neil Mossy.  Usually I make videos for other companies but I'm finally doing it for myself so I know exactly what you're going through and right now I want to turn this clip into a short. I know let's get this straight. By the way, I absolutely love this guy's reaction. This guy here. I usually hate vlogging in public and he's pretty much the reason why. Now we can do this on a phone using an app like InShots but I'm doing this on a computer by making it sideways in a Mac in iMovie and then I open that with QuickTime and rotate the video left. I have no idea how you do this on a PC. Please leave a comment below and tell me what you use for editing on a PC. So I've now got my vertical video. I know let's get this straight. And it has to be under 60 seconds for it to go onto the hashtag short shelf. This is what the short shelf looks like. Next we can upload it in the regular way either by clicking the camera icon at the top of youtube.com or clicking on the create button at the top of YouTube studio. So this uploads in the regular way and we'll add a description, tags, recording dates, even subtitles and closed captions. You seem to be able to add cards but not an end screen. But you can put your shorts video into a playlist and you can even make your own shorts playlist. For a title, YouTube advises putting hashtag shorts. That's with an S on the end in either the title or the description to give us a better chance of being spotted. But YouTube says shorts are any portrait video under 60 seconds. So is this something you think you'll try? Why not put your hashtag shorts experiments in the comments below and link to them there. We'd love to see them. Hey, maybe I should have done this video as a short.


DJ Raji is the guy who doesn't know how to stop the music. This is Hip Hop Thursday on Why In The Morning and this is our first segment of the day. We have the main man himself before I pre-empt anything, Y2F4 channel on Twitter, Y2F4 underscore channel on Instagram, Y2F4 on Facebook is the way to reach us. Don't forget the hashtag Hip Hop Thursday, don't forget the hashtag Why In The Morning and never ever forget to tell us where you're watching us from so we can give you guys a shout out. So have DJ Raji's in studio with me, you've been listening to the sounds of DJ Raji's from Shrap to Hip Hop old school to Hip Hop new school to trap music. Spoken what? Spoken what? You must get my hit of Spoken what music is it? It's spoken but we'll say spoken what spoke to you differently this year. Today you had to. We are hoping it's not a hatch break my man. Talk to your people, how can they find you on social? On Instagram Raji's the DJ, Twitter Pia, Facebook Raji's the DJ. I mix as part of our video mixes. How do you mix loud at Raji's the DJ? So Raji's is excited, I'm excited as well. If you follow Nairobi Hip Hop or Kenan Hip Hop you've surely heard of this guy. Showman where the choice? He goes by the name Isam Gavi and he's coming for your neck. If you're a rapper. I've been looking forward to this. Your camera is number four. Just introduce yourself and don't forget any a.k.a Adi Zakosa Primo. I go by the name Isam Gavi, the lyrical disease with the killer flow music. I'm a sound engineer, I'm a rapper, I'm an artist. Sound engineer, rapper, artist, lyrical disease. Every time you spit something happens. I didn't know you were a sound engineer. Let's start from there. It's actually self-taught over time. I took a lot of time practicing. So you mix your own vocals. So you record yourself and mix yourself. Do you make beats as well Mr Isam? No. You leave that to somebody else? Yes, I do. You were just interested in how you're going to sound on all the record when it comes out. Which software do you use to record your vocals? I use FL Studio. The legends like Mitchell Bowman use FL. Yeah, FL is a legend. How many years in the game? I think this is a strike. Is it just because you like to practice or there's something else behind it? Actually I recorded the song in my bedroom. I had a bedroom studio at the time. It's awful spirit. So I was working on a couple of tracks. On the album, I was giving you different vibes. On the mixtapes of your spirit. I was giving you different vibes. But then I have to maintain who Isam Gavi is as a rapper. And that's where practice came in. Because it's like even the placement on the project is around the middle area. Because I wanted to get myself how I usually work. Spending could lose. And as I try out something, I love it. It's a bomb sound and you can hear it. You can hear it. So practice comes in. You want to be Isam and Isam forever. So you don't agree with the, who is this guy? I3. What is his name? Who is a fan of basketball? This guy. I3. AI. Alan Iverson. You don't agree with Alan Iverson. What did he say?  Actually he went back on that and he said you can't be great without practice. You can't be great without practice. That was just a quick digression. But so this practice is part of a compilation. Yes. And you said you don't want to lose Isam Gavi every time you jump in the booth. Who is Isam Gavi then? Isam Gavi is a collective of many styles. But one thing I maintain is the lyricism. The lyrics I intend. I really love making sure a song speaks on something. A song speaks on something. That has to be a topic. Not just bars, bars, bars. So what happens when you get a collab with a guy? This guy just happens to be doing bars, bars, bars, punchline. How do you find Isam to talk about something? You'll always find something from whatever he's doing. From his own things. From his own song, like the project he gives you. You'll find something that you'll feel like talking about. And you don't have to have one subject matter. And bars is also a different subject matter. So I try to delve into what he does. But then I still maintain who I am as an artist. Which is I try to make sure whatever I'm talking about is in the line of the things I believe in. The things I really want to push for. Give me at least three things that you believe in. I believe in artists. Artists. Yes. I believe in the freedom of expression. Freedom of expression. Through art here. I believe in giving people what's it called, the freedom to express themselves like the second one. And I believe in freedom of expression. And walk. Walk ethic. Walk ethic.  Alright. So I'll never find you at parties wild enough. You're always in studio making the song. I think I had my days. I had my days party. Practice is part of a compilation. What is the name of the compilation? It was called Spirit. I released it in 2018. Yeah. Early 2018. Yeah. Spirit. Yes. So spirit way before spirit. Yes. Alright. What was the spirit you were in when you meet spirit? Spirit is supposed to give you like an insight into who is Samgavi is. I believe in the spirit of working, towards something you believe in. The goal. So I felt like at the time, people didn't really appreciate canyon music for content. People always say canyon music. Yes. But then I believe that there are so many people who are affected in a way because music is mostly emotion. And my music is fueled by emotion most times. Yeah. So at that time, I believe that people from outside don't know what canyon music is in general. In general. They only know of a certain. A few names here and there. But they can't tell you this is canyon music now. True. So I decided let me try, let me do my thing.  So it's basically me showing you the world that they're getting enlightened by Nairobi. You get enlightened by Nairobi. Yes. The reason for the namespeed. Yes. Wow. My friends, some of my friends have likened you to logic. If you know the guy. Yeah. I love Lupe if you ask me. I love Lupe. They've likened you to some people. And what I realize these people have in common, there are some sort of nerdy rappers. Yeah. Yes. Do you consider yourself a nerd? Yeah. For sure. Yeah, for sure. Yeah, for sure. Yeah, see. So a.k.a. nerd should become a nerd. Yeah. All right. I'm a geek. Please share your views, your comments and questions on Y254 on Twitter, Y254 on Instagram, Y254 on Facebook. Don't forget the hashtag. Why the money? I don't forget the hashtag. Thursday. And never ever forget to tell us where you watch it as from. So asem. No. I'm a figure county. Gani. Gani. Gani. Gani. Gani. Gani. Hot box music. Yeah. Mm hmm. For 20 was lit. Yeah. Yeah. Probably lit. Anyway, just tell us a little bit about hot box music. And what role you play at hot box music? Hot box music is an umbrella of artists. It's a label of some sort. But then it's on the process. Yeah. We started off two guys with the microphone, the basic dynamic microphone, which came to, we started then bought equipment. At that time, the houses were so hot. You know. So we were like, hey, what's this? Oh, can I see? Yeah. So we were talking about, hey, what's this? Yeah. We were talking about, to this place, there were ovens. After we went to the oven studios. So with time, we could find hot box, because it's a hot box. So we're giving out fire. All right. Yeah. But it's still a double entendre. Yes. Yes. Yeah. If you know, you know. If you know, you know. All right, so right now, how big is the army now? We had four guys, actually five. There's me, there's Salim, there's Thayou Moas, there's Dr. J, and there's Kenny J. Four of them are artists, one plays the management role. Alright, so one is a manager. What did you see in this guide for you guys to give him this Ikazi-Kazi-Womui? I was in a group called Casablanca Family. High school buddies who come together to work on projects. So eleven years is a lot of stories in Casablanca. Hot box music, all the collaborations. Alright, so the last time I saw you perform, was it actually the first or the last? But I think I'd seen you perform before, but the last time was at Marquis. What was the name of the event? It was a Marquis Industry Takeoff. Industry Takeoff? Alright, share it to the Industry Takeoff, by the way. We have the Industry Takeoff guys in the building, they'll be coming up in a few. You were performing with some guy? Yes, and that's Thayou Moas. Is it part of what works? Yes, he's an artist. I think I'll call him a Vixen because he's in the video for Safi. People really look to him as a Vixen. Alright, so he's a model. And a very dope artist, Thayou Moas. Thayou Moas, share it to you. Killing the game. Sexy Punda. Alright, so what I'm trying to understand is that Hotbox... See, Asim is performing. One of the artists from Hotbox is going to back you up on stage. Yeah, we give each other the support. We give each other the support because Thayou Moas is also good as an MC. He knows how to do crowd control. To channel the energy. Alright, so it's about that time. Your latest song is up on YouTube. How many days old? A week. A week old now. It's doing good. Critically acclaimed. So I hip-hop on Mr. Mandio. My name is Mr. Mandio. The most important friend. Alright, so you're going to play a game before we can talk about the song. And this game is simple. It's called Wadded First Word.  Is you ready, Asim? Yeah. Alright. Wadded First Word with Asim Gavi on Why in the Morning on Hip-Hop Thursday. And I hope we get a taste of how his mind is like. Alright, so number one. We had a throwback today. It was about Bone Crusher. His first album. That had... I never scared the classic song. Alright. So the first word is obviously Bone Crusher. Bone Crusher. Aggression. Aggression. Parliament. Parliament. Games. Games, yeah. Alright. Nairobi. Nairobi. Greatness. Greatness. Noon Nairobi. Noon Nairobi Revolution. Revolution. Kendrick Lamar. Goat. Greatest of all time. Drake. Goat. Ah, we can have two goats. Yeah. Alright, so it means there's a space for another goat in the Kenyan industry. After Isa, obviously. True. Shrap. Shrap. Revolution. Yeah. Revolution. Share something with Noon Nairobi. Yeah. Alright. Gikomba. The last word. Gikomba Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. Fresh. and doing something for Kenya. I saw somebody, some fashionista in the video. Who's that guy? Some fashionista. Yeah, somebody looking. Oh yeah, yeah, he's an Instagrammer. He does a lot of, yeah. He's called Alain the Dapper. We work with his photographer for some visuals. So that day he came through, I was at a shoot, but then I'm with my homie here, and then we were like, hey, this look would be dope for a satin line, and that's how it came about. By chance, everything happens for a reason. Directed by Mike Loli. Yes. Loli P. All right, I'm here to figure out what Loli P means. Is it the self-explanatory? I'm not sure that's supposed to be him. All right, Loli P, we need you on set. I was here with, what is his name? Dope, I mean, told me about Loli P. Now you're telling me about Loli P, so I really, really need to meet this guy, because he's part of the revolution as well. All right, so we're going to be playing the song in a few, but before we play the song, let's have your social media handles. I go by Asom Gavi on all platforms, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, even YouTube, ASUM, G-A-R-V-E-Y. And the label is called Hotbox Music, H-O-T-B-O-X-M-U-S-I-C-U-N-S-C-O. It's a pleasure, man. I'm in the presence of greatness. The future of hip-hop is here on Why In The Morning on Hip-Hop Thursday. Let's listen to this jam by Asom Gavi, and we'll be back with some more of Hip-Hop Thursday on Why In The Morning. Don't go nowhere, don't tuck that out.


Okay, welcome back to space arena the ultimate python turtle graphics game tutorial part 12 in this part We're gonna deal with player and enemy collisions And this is gonna be very similar to what we did in the last part where we dealt with missile and Enemy collisions, but it's gonna work just slightly differently and you'll you'll see what happens here So let's go ahead and find the part of the code Where the collisions are registered because we've already done that part. We did that a while back so what we want to do here and come all the way down is We're looking at is instant sprite enemy and the that that enemy is active We did the missile thing last time So what we want to do here is We'll go ahead and just do this what we're gonna do Sprite health Minus equals let's say they both lose 10 and then player dot health minus equals 10 And let's go test that see what happens. I'm kind of curious myself There's a red thing She tell you what I'm gonna go ahead and change this the size so we're not bouncing off the screen all the time here It's really in my nerves as well. So it's 300. So the so screen is 800 by 600 so we'll make it 700 by 500 So kind of so that way we're not chasing after stuff. That's not on the screen Okay, so did you see there I collided now I've got less power I've got less health And you can see now because my ship has a hundred health and this now only has 20 We changed that a video or two ago in the last video So you see I can just go ahead and ram. I can just go ahead and ram the enemies until I Now my health is at zero. Let's see what happens here if we go into further Okay, so we never really dealt with so you see how it's doing the same thing that did in the last video where the Players health is now less than zero. So let's go ahead and deal with that just like we dealt with it in the Enemy class. So we added this self and this reset method. So let's go ahead and see if I can find the player Okay, so the player doesn't have an update method so I'm gonna go ahead and copy the update method from the and the reset method I guess from the The enemy since we already did that and so let's go ahead and pop that in there Okay, so Now with the player we can't now. This is the nice thing about using objects I don't have to update this at all because we're using self now the thing with the player is when the player Resets the player doesn't really have a state. The player state is always going to be active But what we can do is we need to self dot x equals zero self dot y equals zero self dot health equals self dot max health So we basically reset everything back to the beginning. I'm gonna say self dot heading Equals 90 because that's the way we started it Let's let's go ahead and do self dot dx equals zero self dot dy equals zero and We'll kind of figure out see if that does what we need it to do Did we do live? Let's see if we did live player. We did lives. So also do self dot lives minus equals one Now we'll have to deal later with if we have zero lives, but we're not gonna deal with that for now Do that later in the tutorial. Let's go ahead and test that that's gonna take some time because Because the player has a lot of health Let's go ahead and It's funny. It's hard to die when you want to See make sure this works Okay, and now the player went back to the center. It's not moving it is it has full health and It is ready to Fight the enemies again, and we haven't dealt with power-ups. Obviously now the other thing I wanted to do is if you recall from the original game when to The enemy and the player collided there was a bouncing effect Let's go ahead and put that in because that that's pretty darn cool So I'm gonna put that in the sprite class So I can have different sprites bounce against each other if need be but I think we only use it with a player And enemies here, but let's go ahead and just do it So I'm gonna go ahead and put that doesn't really matter where you put it to be honest But I'm gonna put it here before updates. I'm gonna say deaf. I'm gonna bounce self and other Okay, so it might be the player and enemy. It could be enemy and player could be enemy in any way We can have the enemies bouncing against each other if we wanted to too. So watch what I do actually To explain the physics of it. It's kind of interesting. One of my students Sarah. Thank you very much Sarah She actually figured this out a few months ago in class and I've been very grateful for that. She figured out how this works So basically what happens is if you want two objects to bounce like somewhat realistically is You need to exchange their DX and dy values okay, so think about that so if Two objects are heading towards each other and They hit each other and you have a perfectly elastic collision They will bounce back in the other direction So they basically borrow the momentum of the other person and then momentum of a is transferred to be the momentum of B is Transferred to a so here's I'm gonna do that.  So in case you're coming from another language It makes a little bit more sense what we're doing. So so temp DX equals self So basically we're holding the value of self DX and dy because we're about to change it here to the others DX and dy and the others DX and dy Takes on the temp values, which was the original DX and dy So then down here, I actually have to call that my main game loop So if there is a collision and I can put at the end doesn't matter. I'm gonna say player dot bounce With the sprites the player was going to bounce. Let's test that out. This starts giving me like a cool effect. Oh My gosh, that's so cool Okay, you see how they're bouncing now Oops Can you see how it's just very subtle, you know, if there's if there's a very little difference in speed There's just a little bit of a balance. Do you see that? Okay, and And now we've got Okay, we still got our weapons working Okay, that's how that that one's flying around because we hit it really hard. But yeah, so that that is the bounce effect Okay, which is very very cool. It gives us a bit more fun in physicsy type type feel So so we created a bounce method and again, it just Basically it exchanges the DX and dy values and that that was it again. Thank you to Sarah for figuring that out for me Yeah, so I think that's about I think go back and watch that again if you need to but it's not that it's not that crazy It's not that difficult But you also see how now the player has a way of dying it loses lives. It goes back to the center So we're starting to put into place all those little game Game elements that make a game into a game other than just a kind of fun demo. Okay, stay tuned for more


Here's some reasons why Buji or spearhand is so effective. The first reason is targeting. We want to use the Buji to attack the eyes, which are very sensitive. It doesn't matter how much you lift weights, you can't make your eyes stronger, right? So we can attack the eyes, it doesn't matter how strong he is, how big he is, everybody's eyes are weak and especially if you have strong fingers, it will definitely devastate your opponent.


Hello everyone, myself M.M. Mohan working in computer science and engineering department as an assistant professor in the Wallchin Institute of Technology, Swalapur. Today we are discussing the topic process migration in distributed system. Learning outcomes. At the end of this session, students will be able to explain the concepts of process migration in distributed system, also describe the different features of process migration in distributed system. Process management. To make best possible use of processing resources of the entire system by sharing them among all the processes. To achieve this goal, three important concepts are used. Process allocation, process migration and threads. Process allocation means it decides which process should be assigned to which processor. Process migration. It deals with movement of a process from its current location to the processor to which it has been assigned. Threads. It deals with fine grained parallelism. Process migration. The relocation of process from source node to destination node. What exactly happening? At the source node, the node will not be having the high processing capability. So, the job will not be executed at the source node. So, source node job will be transferred to the destination node. Only the condition is that at the destination node, that system will be having a good processing capability or highly processing capability. So, that job will be executed at the destination node. Here, the execution is suspended at the source node and transfer of control can be made at the destination node. So, process can be migrated from source node to destination node and at the destination node, the execution is resumed. Process migration. Two types of process migrations are non-prim tube and prim tube. Non-prim tube process migration migrates before it starts execution. Prim tube. A process migrates during its execution. So, in non-prim tube, before execution, the process should be migrated. In prim tube, a process should be migrated during its execution. Prim tube process migration is costlier than non-prim tube. Process environment also mood along with the process. Steps for process migration. Selection of a process that should be migrated. Selection of a destination node. Actual transfer of selected process to destination node. So, the first two steps belongs to migration policy. The third step belongs to migration mechanism. Desirable features of good process migration. The following are the features. Transparency, minimal interferences, minimal residue dependencies, efficiency, robustness, communication between co-processes. Now, we are going to see each and every feature one by one. Transparency. In transparency, the following levels of transparency exist. Object access level and system call and IPC level. In object access level, minimum requirement to support non-prim tube process migration access to objects is done in location independent manner. In system call and IPC level, a migrated object does not depend on its original node. All system calls including IPC are location independent. This transparency is used to support prim tube migration. IPC transparency is needed for transparent redirection of messages. Minimally interference. Migration of a process should be caused minimally interference to the progress of the process involved and the system as a whole. So, keep minimum involvement or interaction of migrant process with the other process. This is achieved by minimizing the freezing time of the process being migrated. Minimal residue dependencies. A migrated process should not in any way depend on the previous node. It has started its execution on new node. So, it is independent on the previous node. Disadvantages. Previous node might crash or diminish its benefits of migrating the process. So, if previous node get crashed, this message passing system or process migration system will not work properly here. That's why minimal residue dependencies there. Efficiency. The main sources of inefficiencies are the time required for migrating the process, the cost of locating an object, the cost of supporting remote execution once the process is migrated. If these all parameters are taken into account, then the efficiency of the process migration will get increases. So, time required means what? How much time is required for migrating that process from source node to destination node? Now, cost of locating an object, also cost of remote execution also considered for this efficiency. Robustness. The figure of a node other than the one on which a process is currently running should not in any way affect the execution of that process. So, one node get fails. Definitely that execution will be done on the another node. So, this robustness is one of the issues in this process migration. So, the execution of the process, it will not disturb the execution of the processes on that node. Communication between co-processes of a job. When a process of a single job is distributed over several nodes and parallel processing done, then these co-processes are able to directly communicate with each other irrespective of their location. This communication between different co-processes helps in performing different tasks. So, different processes are communicating with each other for different purposes. So, in process migration, we have to take into account of this communication between co-processes of a job. Process migration mechanisms. Four major activities in process migration mechanism. Freezing the process on source node and restarting it on its destination node. Meaning, we have to stop the execution on the source node and we have to migrate that process on destination node and resume the execution of that process onto the destination node. Transferring the process address space from its source node to destination node. In this case, only we have to transfer the address space of the execution of process from source node to destination node. node and at destination node, we have to resume the execution. Third, forwarding messages meant for the migrant process. Here, what are the messages getting at the original node? That should be forwarded to the migrant process where it should be migrated. At that place, the message should be forwarded. Fourth one is handling communication between co-operating processes that have been separated as a result of process migration. So here, different co-processors, they are communicating with each other that are also considered for the process migration mechanisms. Disadvantages of process migration.  Once the original site get fails, entire system will be crashed. Continuous load on migrant process origin site, even after the process has been migrated from that node. So here, on the original node, if the continuous load is applied, then that will also even the disadvantage of this process migration mechanism. Pause the video and write the answer. What are the different advantages of process migration mechanisms? Advantages of process migration mechanisms? Reducing the average response time of processes speeding up individual jobs, gaining higher throughput, utilizing resources effectively, reducing network traffic, improving system reliability, improving system security. Now, we're going to see one by one in detail each advantage of process migration. Reducing average response time. If load on the node increases, the average response time of the process increases. Hence, the migrate some process to the node that is idle or which is lightly loaded. Next one is speeding up individual jobs. Migrate tasks of a job to different nodes and execute them concurrently. Migrate a job to the node having faster CPU or to the node which has minimum turnaround time. So here, gaining execution time must be more than the migration cost. Gaining higher throughput in a system with the process migration facility, the capabilities of CPUs of all the nodes can be better utilized by using a suitable load balancing policy. This improves the throughput of the system. Next is utilizing resources efficiently. In the distributed system, the hardware resources and software resources of different nodes can be efficiently utilized by the process based on its requirements by migrating the process to suitable nodes. Reducing network traffic. Migrating a process closer to the resource if it is using heavily and frequently, such as files or printers, may reduce the network traffic. Migrate and cluster the process on that frequently communicative with each other on the same node to reduce the network traffic. Improve system reliability. Migrate a critical process to a node whose reliability is higher than the other nodes. Migrate a copy of critical process to some other node and to execute both the original copy and the copied process concurrently on different nodes. If one of the node faces manual shutdown, gradually degradation of a node, then the process can be migrated to another node to continue its execution on another node. Improving system security. A sensitive process may be migrated and run on a secure node that is not directly accessible to general users, thus providing security to that process. These are the references. Thank you.


My name is Brandon. I voted because I think it's really important for everyone who has the right to vote to exercise it and have a voice in our government. I also think that issues such as sustainability and the environment are really important and that politicians should be more responsible to that kind of issue. I voted absentee already a few weeks ago. I think my biggest issue is with regards to primary education and also the budget. I voted for Proposition 2 because I do think our state does need a rainy day fund and I really want them to have a fund on the side when the economy is really good so they don't spend it all when they get all that revenue. I moved out here for school this fall and unfortunately I didn't get to register in time. I just changed my address. But I'm kind of feeling a little bad that I didn't get on top of it and stuff. I'm seeing a lot of measures going around like vote on D and I've been thinking about it a lot and I think it is important for us to be involved in it. And I feel like as I'm growing up now and living on my own I'm starting to realize that I have this autonomy and I can actually make this difference if I put myself out there. I won't be voting tomorrow just because I'm not politically inclined as much as I think I should be. I've just been catching up on schooling, my internship and other things. In the next election I'll actually be graduated so I'll actually be in the real world and I really would be more focused on more issues rather than just school and whatnot. But I think it's definitely something that I should have already been focusing on just because as a student there are all different policies and there are all different laws that are passed that do affect me. But it's just one of those things where I have to really focus on what matters. Well I'm registered here and I intend to vote because I think some of these laws, more or less the laws that actually have direct impact like R and things like that than I am with the politicians themselves. But I think there's something about those kind of legislation so that's why I intend to vote. I don't have that much enthusiasm about to vote. I've voted in previous years, I've been kind of disappointed with what I voted for. There's not that much that I see on the ballot that I really cared so strongly enough that I think that my vote won't matter that much so yeah I won't vote, that's why. I do intend to participate in elections, in future elections but I can't really participate in this one because I haven't registered because I turn 18 tomorrow. It's my right and my responsibility to decide what I want for my future.


The national deployment of polyvalent community health workers, CHWs, is a key component of the Haitian government's strategy to achieve universal health coverage. To optimize this process, mathematical models were used to identify potential CHW locations and determine how many CHWs should be deployed in order to maximize access to care. The models considered population density, travel times, and the proximity of existing health centers when determining optimal CHW placements. The results showed that there was a lack of CHWs in certain regions and that some areas had limited access to care due to the current CHW distribution. This suggests that more CHWs should be deployed in those areas in order to improve access to care. This article was authored by Clara Champagne, Andersoniel Rajkumar, Paul Oxsala, and others.


Lightning by Viv Schwarz Each tree that falls had time to grow, for each goodbye there was hello. Some things end with a thunder clap, some things end quietly. But everything that ends began and had a time to be, a noise and silence, light and dark, to feel, to hear, to see. Each thing taller than you are, one time was just your size. Everything you know today was one day, a surprise. There was a time of holding before each letting go. For each time that we say goodbye, there is a time we say hello. From seed to fall, from small to tall, each moment there is tree. It's all there to remember, it's part of you and me.


Suppose we take a sample of size n from a population. For example, we might have a set of quizzes, and we'll take a sample of size 3. We can compute the mean of this sample, but now consider this as the result of a random experiment. So, we'll select three quizzes, compute the mean, repeat the experiment. The mean of our data values is random. So, the mean data value will have a probability distribution. Now, while there are many different possibilities for this probability distribution, and our original data could have any probability distribution whatsoever, remarkably enough, this sample mean has a very familiar distribution. It's normally distributed, and this leads to what's known as the central limit theorem. So, for us, we'll use the following. Let a sample of n data values be drawn from a population with mean mu and standard deviation sigma. The sample mean will be normally distributed with the mean equal to the population mean, and the standard deviation equal to the population standard deviation, divided by the square root of the size of the sample. So, for example, suppose we have a sample of 100 light bulbs drawn from a population of light bulbs with a mean lifetime of, say, 10,000 hours and standard deviation of 1,000 hours. Let's find the probability a single light bulb has a lifespan of less than 9,800 hours. We'll assume the lifespans are normally distributed, then find the mean and standard deviation of the sample mean for the sample of 100 light bulbs, and the probability the sample mean is less than 9,800 hours. Phew, that's a lot of words. Good thing we don't have the actual data, because we'd have even more to deal with. So, let's take a look at this. Since we're assuming that the lifespan of light bulbs is normally distributed, the probability that a lifespan is less than 9,800 hours, that can be easily calculated using our favorite software tool, and it works out to be 0.4207. By the central limit theorem, the mean and standard deviation of the sample means for a sample of size n equals 100 will be normally distributed with a mean equal to the population mean and a standard deviation equal to the standard deviation divided by the square root of the sample size. So, substituting in those values we find, and so the sample mean will be normally distributed with a mean of 10,000 and a standard deviation of 100, and so we can find the probability that our sample mean is less than 9,800, which will be, and note that while the probability a single light bulb has a lifespan of less than 9,800 hours is rather high, the probability that our sample of 100 will have a mean of 9,800 hours or less is much lower. How does this relate to the fundamental problem of statistics? Give an information about a sample, infer information about the population. So the central limit theorem allows us to compute the probability a sample mean is close to the population mean. So can we use this to find the probability the sample mean is close to the population mean? No. But we can use the central limit theorem to form what we call a confidence interval. To understand confidence intervals, consider the following problem. Suppose you're six feet away from somebody. How far are they from you? And the answer is six feet. And this leads to the following idea. Suppose we find the sample mean and for now assume we have the population standard deviation but don't know the population mean. If the population mean is in fact much greater or much smaller than the sample mean, the probability of obtaining the sample mean we found is very low. But if the population mean is close to the sample mean, the probability of obtaining the observed sample mean is much greater. So we want to choose a confidence level. To understand confidence levels, consider the following. Suppose you want to be more confident a job will be done by an end date. What end date gives you more confidence? The job will be finished by tomorrow or the job will be finished by next year. To be more confident, use a larger interval. Suppose we want to find a C% confidence interval. We can find an interval that includes C% of the values. Now if we didn't know anything about the values, we'd use Chebyshevs. But since our sample means are normally distributed, we can use the normal distribution. Also, since we're expressing the interval in terms of the number of standard deviations, we can use any mean and any standard deviation. So here's what that looks like. Suppose we want to find a 75% confidence interval. We want to express our answer in terms of standard deviations rounded to two decimal places. Since we're expressing our confidence interval in terms of the standard deviations, we can use any value for our standard deviation. And so we'll use... Well, no reason to use anything other than one. And since our confidence interval is centered at the mean, we can use any value for the mean. And so we'll use our mean of zero. So using a standard deviation of one and a mean of zero, we find the probability of being within one standard deviation of the mean is 68%. Which, since we're looking for a 75% confidence interval, isn't high enough. So we'll widen our interval to... How about 1.5 standard deviations? And we find... Which is too much. So we'll narrow our interval to... How about 1.1 standard deviations? And we get... 73%, which is pretty close. Let's widen that just a little bit more. How about to 1.15 standard deviations? And we find... So the 75% confidence interval will be plus or minus 1.15 standard deviations. So we can calculate any confidence interval this way. The common ones are 90%, which is plus or minus 1.64 standard deviations. 95%, which is plus or minus 1.96 standard deviations. 99%, which is plus or minus 2.58 standard deviations. But again, don't memorize formulas. Understand concepts. In general, the C% confidence interval will be where C% of the values reside.


Joy is not something that you do, it is a consequence of certain management of this one. If this is well managed, this will be joyful. The Inner Engineering book is just about this in the privacy of your homes, you can take a simple step because a simple step inward is larger than all the philosophies that you know. So this Yogis Guide to Joy is about turning inward simplest aspects of life. If you just take care, you will see things will change. The very chemistry of your body will change. If you create a chemistry of joy, you don't have to try to be happy. Life must shift from pursuit of happiness to expression of joy.


There have to be some adjustment in the price. So for example, I'd like to see some adjustment in the price. That's all he does. So my apologies. So these are three little hacks. As I said, this is in its infancy at the moment. This isn't a business. We're just working out what's working, where are we seeing the patterns, how are they allowing us to manipulate conversations, and why we say manipulate, in other words, empower the conversations we're having. I was working in a cinema, and one day somebody came to me, we all have those jobs in life that we don't end up enjoying doing. We just do them, and we go through, and we get along with it. But mine was serving ice cream, and I was really stingy. I'd never fill the ice cream pot up properly. One day, customer comes in and says, listen, I'm 50 cents short. Will you let me off? I said, sorry, nah. And he looked at me, and he gave me puppy dog eyes, and he said, would it break your heart? Would it break your heart, just to let us off this once? Now, because we've all been conditioned not to go around breaking people's hearts, I had to say, no, in my mind, no, it wouldn't break my heart.  So we steal that. I was buying a mobile phone recently, looking at the contract. I was given a price. I said, you're going to have to do better. He said, I can't do better. I'll get in trouble with my boss. I said, listen, would it break your heart this one time, just to see a little change in the price? And what you can start doing is stacking each individual little hack. And you can start using them together, so you build up a repertoire of conversation. The next hack, and I hope you don't get me wrong, I'm just going to go through some of these that we found the most useful in what we do. My friend Joss was late. I think we're all late. We're a nation of late people in England. And my friend Joss was late for a train, and the ticket was booked in the wrong name. And he was in Hong Kong at the time. And in Hong Kong, the standard reply is, oh, you can't get on the train because the ticket is wrong. Like, no help. Shutter comes down. He said, how do we fix this? How do we fix this? If you say that line at any time, it forces the other person to do the hard work for you again. You want the other person to do all the work and solve your problems. They've got all the power, let them use their power. If you can't get into a club, try saying, how do we fix this? The bouncer, or the club manager, might give you an opportunity. You might say, well, okay, you need to change your trainers. I said, ah, but these trainers hurt my feet so much. How do we fix that? You're giving people new ways to solve your problems for you. You're almost creating a shared world between you and that person, where you're in cahoots, because it's like, okay, I'm going to try and think of a solution for you. Now, that won't always work. But it will work, say, 40% or 50% at a time. Maybe it's even 20% at a time. But it gives you an extra throw at the dice.   Another really good hack we found is have you ever had to deal with friends who are always, you know, they're always going through some life issue? I think everyone in life is going through some problem they're facing, some challenge they're dealing with. In fact, if they're not going through a challenge, they're probably in a state of nirvana and floating around like a hippie. So the problem when it comes to you, when someone's got a problem, usually an emotion problem, they feel really bad, they feel like the steam's out, the wind's out of their sails. Why do you think that is? If you ask somebody why they think that is, they've got their own problem. So for example, oh, I'm really upset. Why do you think that is? Oh, because I don't know, I'm a bit depressed. Why is that? I don't know, I just don't feel like I'm in control of my life. Okay. So you're not in control of your life, why do you think that is? Oh, it's because I don't have a job. Ah, so if you've got a job, you'd be more in control of your life. Yeah. So you can channel down and you can dig down but they're giving you all the answers, you're just steering them along. Is this useful so far, guys? Yeah. Okay, great. So we're looking again for these little patterns, these little phrases. We stumbled on one recently that we kind of love and the way to sort of refine your hacking skills is to give presentations, is to practice, is to play with them as much as possible. So the one my friend and I found out, we call it entrapment.


Hi, Laura. I'm going to present a paper co-authored with Cesar Mantilla and Darwin Cortez. Basically, in this paper, we study the worker's preference for autonomy using a procedural experiment. So the motivation of this paper is related to procedural utility concept that basically states that people are not only interested in outcomes, but that they also value procedures. For example, in the labor market, workers also take into account other characteristics and benefits besides income. And this fact might be useful for explaining self-employment decisions. And in this regard, some studies have found that self-employed people report higher job satisfaction or happiness. And in some of these studies, these results seem to be associated with the work conditions, including autonomy and being part of the decision-making. So in this paper, we conduct an experiment that emulates a couple's work environment where two tasks are assigned within team members. So we focus on how people respond to different task assignment mechanisms when they do or don't do what they like the most. And we did an experiment because it allowed us to measure productivity and to measure willingness to pay. And also, it allowed us to measure how these response change depending on the labor status of the participants. So in this experiment, we have three different samples, students, self-employed people and employees. So far from experimental economics, we know that self-employed people are less preserved. And we also know that they are willing to pay more to play or make decisions on their own. So our contribution is to evaluate one possible mechanism that basically is autonomy. And we also add productivity to our analysis. So in our experimental design, we have two encryption tasks, really similar to the one of Ferley. And each team member does one of these tasks. So something that is not in the slide, but it's important, is that the payoff that receive each participant depends only of their own performance. So we have two dimensions of analysis. The first one that is our treatment in some way is the way the task that each member is going to do is decided. So basically, we call that the assignment mechanism. So we have three ways to reach that task. The first one is random. So basically it means that the computer is deciding who it's going to do which task. And these are our controls. And the second one is the people that have autonomy. So we call this assignment mechanism by choice, basically because they can decide the task they want to do, and also they decide the task the other member have to do. And our third mechanism is imposed, and basically these are the participants that don't have to take any decision, and they just have to abide their member's decision. And our second dimension of analysis is the assignment, the result of the assignment. So there are two possible results. The first one is that participants do their favorite task. And the second one is that participants do a non-preferred task. So with this in mind, we measure the impact of these dimensions on two outcomes. And the first outcome is the performance in the second stage. That basically is the number of words that they encrypt in two minutes. And this figure shows the cumulative distribution of this performance. And the most important message of this figure is for those people in the imposed mechanism because as you can see, there is a bigger gap between doing the preferred task and the non-preferred task. And this gap doesn't exist in these two treatments. And this gap basically means that those who did the preferred task are the ones that perform better. So we have another outcome that is the take-up of a random feed that we offer to participants to pay for a scheme change. So in this scheme change, basically they are paying for having autonomy. And we find for this outcome that those who did the preferred task are more willing to pay the fee. We also find that the highest take-up is for those that were in the by-choice mechanism, that are the people who have autonomy. So when we test these results with the regression analysis, we find that there is a clear result for those people in the imposed mechanism. And we find also that those who are more interested in paying for playing alone are those in the by-choice mechanism. So so far we have two main results. The first one is that people randomly assigned to be autonomous are more willing to move to an individual scheme. And we interpret this result as an interest in retaining control and not in an interest in wind control. And the second one is that not having autonomy has an effect in opposite directions. So basically being assigned to a to the preferred task improved performance and being assigned to a non-preferred task decreased performance. So in the previous slides I was I was talking about the results in the pool sample. And now I'm going to show you the results for the worker sample. So here you can see again the cumulative distribution of the performance. But now I split the samples between employees and self-employed people. And the result that we saw for those in the imposed mechanism remains here. But the gap in performance increased for self-employed participants. So this is our third main result in this paper. And again when we test these results with the regression analysis, we find that the result for those imposed that did a non-preferred task is significant. And the size of the estimator is bigger than the one I showed you before. So to conclude, we find that even when your needs depend on individual productivity, people preference about procedures and tasks affect the way they perform and behave. So it is not only about the payoff, it is only about how they achieve this payoff. Thanks.