Hi everybody, welcome to our second webinar in this series, Opportunities to Integrate Nutrition, Education, Market Tours, Food, Budgeting and Community Engagement into Your Market. We have a great set of panelists today. And if you need to have questions, there's a chat box and we will be answering those at the end. And then that chat box is to the right. And it looks like we still have a couple people joining. And this webinar will also be recorded for availability later. So today I will be presenting and my name's Amy Nelms and I work with Liberal Colorado coordinating the Double Up Food Bucks program. We also have Martha Solens. Since 2005, Martha has worked with farmers markets and ag and food producers navigating food safety and business regulations, as well as those starting value added agricultural enterprises. And she's also on the board of directors for the Colorado Farmers Market Association, which provides a lot of technical assistance for farmers markets and a gears a lot of that towards SNAP and farmers markets, equitable farmers markets and accessibility. We have Cody Reinhimer, who is with the Durango Farmers Market. You can always find Cody at the Durango Farmers Market info booth and he's eager to meet people in person. So stop by the Durango Farmers Market and say hi. We also have Aaron Jolly with us, the program manager for share our strength cooking matters. Aaron Jolly has worked for share strength since 2010, implementing and managing cooking matters programming in Southern Colorado. Lastly, we've got Beverly Grant. Beverly Grant is the founder, founded the Urban Farmers Market in Mobeda Green Marketplace in June, 2011. She's in Denver's historic five points neighborhood since the markets opening it has improved community connectedness, increased awareness between food consumption and overall wellness and helped to link disconnected populations to local food and pathways to active living. Today we're gonna go over a range of topics what we'll start out with what is our context here in Colorado, followed by a presentation about cooking matters. We'll hear from Beverly with Mobeda Greens and then I will talk about farmers markets as one stop shops for community health and then we'll go over some simple steps to begin. So I am going to pass it on to Martha. Great, well, thank you, Amy. So what I'd like to do is give everyone a bird's eye view of what our communities are, how they're changing what they look like now, what we can expect in the future and hopefully there's some takeaway here for you in your individual communities of programs that you could be working on. And one of the really important things is Colorado is gonna continue to grow. We're at 5.4 million people right now but we are gonna see a lot of different changes in communities around the state. So next slide, please. So one of the things that's really important is most of our population growth is right along the front range. So we have a lot of consumers, 82% of our population and thus our consumers are located right along the front range and that's where most of the growth is. That also means we've got communities that are losing population. So that really has some implications for how those communities, how their community base is changing and the impact of direct food markets. Next slide, please. Next slide, yep, thank you. So one of the key areas of change that is particularly important in Colorado is that population of older folks over 65. And in the next five years, this is where we're gonna see so much growth. And if you look at those darker shaded Central Mountain counties, we're gonna see a lot of growth there, a lot of older individuals. But we also know from the last 10 years that we have a high proportion of older individuals who are aging in place in other counties. So if you look along those Eastern Plain counties, they may not be growing anymore in terms of the proportion of older folks but there are a lot of older individuals there. And so that really calls into question how our markets are gonna be serving older adults who may have very different dietary needs and preferences and especially low income older individuals. So next slide. Another area where we're seeing a lot of change is in diversity, ethnic and racial diversity. And this slide just shows you the percentage of individuals who were born in another country. And so sometimes we have to look at these kind of broad brush indicators but this slide shows you that there are five counties where more than 12% of the population was born in another county. And other information tells us that there are six counties where between 18 and 45% of the households speak Spanish at home. And so that's one of the primary changes that we're seeing in terms of cultural and linguistic diversity. Next slide, please. And so not only have we starting to see that but it's gonna continue and all the way up to demographic projections out to 2040, we're expecting to see that the share of Hispanic and particularly Asian population is going to change. And so we're gonna have a lot more diversity in our communities around the state. And interestingly enough, it's going to be amongst those who are under 18 that where we'll see that greatest increase in diversity. Next slide. So as a broad indicator of resources, let's look quickly at per capita personal income. And so overall in the last five years per capita personal income has grown 3% at the state level but we have five counties in the state with negative growth and 23 counties that have more than 3%. So more than that state average. That tells us we've really got different access to resources and income in our counties. And so there's a fair amount of disparity and we can drill down into that later. But just as an overview, I wanted to share that with you. Next slide. And an interesting thing to consider is how individuals in those communities are spending their resources on food. And so this shows you average food expenditures per year in communities. You can also look at average food expenditures for food consumed at home or food consumed away from home as an indicator of where nutrition and cooking education may be more important. And you can drill down to the census tract level. This information comes from Colorado Market Maker and you can really pinpoint some very specific areas, particularly in urban areas where nutrition education could be really critical where you see a lot of expenditures on food away from home. Next slide. And then lastly, food insecurity is a national issue, remains an issue in Colorado, hence a lot of our programming and collaboration with LiveWell. So we know 12% of our population is food insecure, but that differs dramatically around the counties, around Colorado counties. That still means over 665,000 individuals are estimated to have limited or uncertain access to adequate food. And so that really remains an important issue and is one that we are certainly conscious of as we look at programming and particularly through the double up food box program and making sure that our markets are equipped to serve communities who may not have consistent access to adequate food. Next slide. So our farmers markets are really important in our communities and they definitely provide fresh and nutritious food. They also serve as business incubators for fresh food producers, as well as those who are producing value added and ready to eat foods to help those individuals grow or expand their businesses. Well, they're equally a great way to engage members of your community and especially a diverse community. A farmer's market provides a lot of different pathways to bring in new community members. So next slide. So in order to engage those, your community, it's not just understanding who is currently coming to your market, but there is clearly a changing customer base and that's going to continue well into the future. And so having a better sense of what enables shoppers to get there, what's keeping potential shoppers from arriving at your market and taking advantage of all the great opportunities and community programs is really important for us as a statewide organization and helping our individual market managers to do that. And some of the things to consider are just how convenient are markets, not just in terms of transportation, but what are the hours and a lot of other issues, just understanding how a market works in terms of pricing and market box and what the signage may really be telling someone whose first language is not necessarily English and how welcome our customers without different backgrounds, how welcome they feel in our markets. And then lastly, which is where we're really gonna focus part of the time today is, do our shoppers have the skills and information necessary to be able to shop and successfully prepare foods. And so what we wanna really focus on today are some of the programs and outreach strategies that can help connect our markets better to in their communities, which are increasingly more and more diverse. So next slide. So just to wrap up a couple of resources that hopefully you'll be able to come back to, Colorado Farmers Market Association. We have a lot of great resources on our website, the Farmers Market Coalition, Colorado Market Maker, and then Community Commons website. So I'll just point those out and hope that you will explore them in an effort to get to understand your communities better. Thank you, Amy. So now we're gonna move on to Aaron Jolly with Cooking Matters. Great, hey everybody. This is Aaron Jolly. I'm the program manager for Sheriff's Strength. I'm in Southwest Colorado, located in Durango today. I wanna share about our program, Cooking Matters, and how it could be used at the Farmers Market in partnership with these double up food banks. So next slide. First of all, I just wanna make sure for those of you who are not familiar with Cooking Matters, we are a national food skills and nutrition education program. We're working to end childhood hunger by empowering low income families to prepare healthy meals on a budget. We do this primarily through our hands-on cooking courses and our grocery store tours. Next. So with the grocery store tours, basically when we work at the Farmers Market, we're basically adapting our curriculum so that it applies in the Farmers Market setting. So we're the official kind of nutrition education partner with LiveWell. We're helping to promote double up food bucks around the state because we are located in a lot of the same areas that double up locations are located and we'll get into a map in just a few minutes. But basically we want to help promote double up food bucks so that we can diversify those markets like the presentation just a minute ago and make sure that people have the skills to feel confident to use their SNAP benefits at the Farmers Market. The tours that we offer through Cooking Matters, they vary quite a bit from market to market. So I'm gonna be giving some examples, the examples that I know best are here in Southwest Colorado. So I'll be kind of speaking from my perspective, but for those of you who are around the state, just know that our curriculum is meant to be adaptable. So here in this slide you can see that, I'm sorry, go back one more. Go back one more before that. Okay, so our tours basically cover a lot of the same information even though the tour will be adapted to different markets, but basically we wanna help low income shoppers understand about all these different topics. So I have listed here how to use the seasonal fruits and vegetables. A lot of things are maybe not familiar to our customers and we wanna make sure that they feel confident that they can get that bunch of chart and they'll go home and be able to know what to do with it. Our basic curriculum also covers things like how to know if something is a whole grain product, comparing unit prices, we do label reading, lean meat, sign and bulk. And then obviously we're gonna be talking about in our tours how to redeem their SNAP benefits and how to use Double Up Food Bucks at the market and then highlight any other incentives that might be available. I know that there are a few markets that maybe offer like WIC vouchers and things like that. Okay, next. So the way that we get families to come to our tours is we partner with our agencies that reach low income families. So places like Head Starts and WIC, Family Centers, Human Services. The flyer that you see on the right-hand side is an example of what our flyers look like. A lot of our cooking courses, we recruit from those courses as well for folks to come and check out the market in places where we're offering our regular programming. We also hang flyers in very strategic places like the places I just mentioned above, but also clinics and other types of resource centers. And basically what we're trying to do when we get people to come to the market to do a tour is we wanna be targeting SNAP and SNAP eligible folks, specifically to use Double Up. Next slide, please. So even though market tours look different around the state, typically the tours last about 45 minutes to an hour, we basically go around and talk about how to shop at the market and highlight those different topics I mentioned before by actually going around and visiting different booths. I know that there are some markets around the state who don't have a lot of as much food products. They are kind of mixed with different crafts and things like that. So I know with those market tours, maybe some of that touring might be a little bit limited. Here in Durango, we have a very diverse market. So we're able to visit like a meat booth. We're able to learn about cheese. We're able to learn about different fruits and vegetables, things like that. But for any markets that don't have that diversity of food, that's not a problem. We bring supplemental materials to go over the things that maybe aren't available at that particular market, things like reading a label for buying bread, things like that. We also on our tours, we visit the market manager booth to learn about how to redeem their SNAP benefits. And I have Cody Reinheim right here with me, the Durango Farmers Market Manager, and he's gonna talk about that in just a second about some of the things that he's done to help us out with our tours. Around the state, every tour participant who comes to the farmers market will get a $10 voucher to spend at that market. So we're challenging them after they learn how to shop to basically go out and use their $10 voucher to practice shopping. They also get a reusable shopping bag and a booklet with tips and recipes. And that's all provided by our Coaching Matters programming. Next. So these are the three main components that we need to make a tour successful with Cooking Matters. So maybe some folks on the phone or listening to the recording, maybe you fall into one of these categories. Next slide. So basically these are the components that go with each of these roles. Cooking Matters, so that's myself. We provide a tour facilitator. We provide flyers, all the supplies that we need. We do evaluation, which means we have surveys at the end of the tour to make sure that we were effective educators and we actually measure that and we provide all the incentives. Like I said, we also partner with agencies in our local communities to make sure that we're distributing those flyers and reaching the families who can use these tours. And then even some things that market managers can do to help make these tours successful. We try to make it easy, an easy lift, but a few things are basically helping to identify what are some good tour dates, kind of coordinating those times with the Cooking Matters facilitator. The market manager can also help by promoting any upcoming tours to people who are using the EBT machine in the weeks coming following, or I'm sorry, weeks leading up to the tours. They can be a tour stop, basically telling people who are on our tour, how does double up actually work? What does the transaction look like? They can help furnish those $10 vouchers and that we will purchase in advance. And sometimes we could use booth space as well and I'll go over that in just a second. So advance please. Above and beyond what I just mentioned as a tour, just a group kind of showing up in a Cooking Matters staff person kind of leading people around is actually having a booth. And we've had some luck with that here in Durango where Cooking Matters had their own booth and that served as kind of our home base where people met to go on our tour. We were also able to do some cooking demonstrations so that we're doing some of that hands-on education about how do you prepare food at the farmer's market? And then we also provide extra samples and recipes. This is a nice benefit, not just for the people who are taking the tour but because we're there as a booth, that means general shoppers kind of stop by and talk to us and we get to share a little bit about what we do with Cooking Matters and we've actually found a lot of new volunteers by just being present at the farmer's market and getting our name out there and then letting anybody who comes to the farmer's market learn about how to prepare food. Next. So I'm gonna turn it over to Cody for a minute and he's gonna share about how Cooking Matters and Durango farmer's market have partnered and what some of the benefits have been. Hi everyone, this is Cody. I'm glad to be here. Working with Erin has really been a fantastic win-win. I think the biggest benefit really is that with this Double Bucks Food Bucks program we do everything we can to get the word out to folks who are using the SNAP program but posters and that sort of thing only goes so far. I think what Cooking Matters is doing is by far the most effective way of actually one, getting folks to the farmer's market into that space and then also just providing them with the education and the know-how that's required to actually use whole foods and making a meal for your family. I am super grateful for all of the work through Cooking Matters and I would recommend to any other market managers that they take advantage of any tours. It's been really easy for me to simply talk with Erin via email or a quick phone call and set a tour date and then she would provide me with little flyers that anyone else who's using the EBT machine and be aware of the tour and can jump in on that as well. Erin and I coordinate on a time to be a tour stop. I like to do it kind of in the middle of market where I'm generally a little less busy with vendors and this and that. So it's a great time for me to chat with folks and meet them and kind of let them know how the EBT transaction works and let them know a little bit about the market. Luckily for us at our farmers market we have an informational booth program so it's real easy for Erin to fill out a simple application and I don't have much work on my end to provide them with a booth space and that I know is really helpful not only for the tour participants but I think it's fun for everyone at the market to see a little cooking demo and to be introduced the shishito peppers for the first time or what have you and kind of learn something fun and new that's available at the market. Most importantly, like I said, these tours have really helped bring new customers to our farmers market. It's great that I see a lot of folks from the tours returning to use their EBT card in weeks following and throughout the season that right there is exactly what we're trying to do to get nutritious food onto the tables of these families and then also for me it's really important to open the door to any opportunities to increase customer traffic and increase income for our farmers. Farmers have been really happy. I know Juan was telling me his sales have increased 20% since the advent of the Double Up Food Bucks program last summer and I'm really happy to hear that. So our farmers are happy and that's my number one priority. It's just increased the traffic and sales for the whole market. And I think that again, it's probably the most effective avenue of outreach for Double Up Food Bucks. Not to say that the other avenues are not important but I'm just wholly impressed by the effectiveness of what cooking matters has done. So I'm very grateful. I'm really glad that it's really easy on my end. Aaron has been great to work with and I'm sure this could work for other communities as well. Thanks, Cody. So you can see the photo there. That's Cody giving his spiel telling market donors and our tour participants about the market. So that's been a really great bonus for us to have that relationship going. Next slide. So these are the locations. There's two maps here. The one on the right is where cooking matters exist around the state, which is anywhere that has a colored in counties. So that's a lot, most of the state. But I do wanna highlight that the orange and the light orange counties are where we have full-time staff who are available to offer these tours. They're all kind of trained on how to offer farmers market tours. So if you live in one of those areas and you wanna get in touch, we'll have some contact information at the end. If you live in a green space, that doesn't mean that that's not available. That just means we don't have full-time staff there. That means we have some partners there and we could potentially make that happen as well. So take down our information at the end of this segment to find out how to get ahold of us. Next slide. These are what we have already kind of in the works this year. We have an online kind of list where we put in where all of our tours are gonna be happening around the state. And this is just what was on the list the other day of what's in the works. If you live in an area where your name isn't on that list, that doesn't mean it's not gonna happen. That just means it's not currently something that I have this record for. So as you can tell, the Denver Metro area will be offering at a lot of different locations, these tours and not just farmers markets, but also retail places that are also offering double up food bucks. So there will be tours offered at those locations as well. Next slide. So this is the contact information that you can take down. If you're in the Metro area and you wanna contact Cassandra Webb Cole, she's one of our program managers for Cooking Matters and she will be happy to kind of answer your questions or direct you in the right person. I'm a good person to contact for anything that's happening in rural areas or anything outside of Metro area. I kind of help oversee a lot of that programming and I'll be able to point you in the right direction to make those types of connections with Cooking Matters. So thank you. Now we're gonna move on to Beverly Grant with MoBeta Greens. Hello everyone. Glad to be a part of this. My farmer's market is seven years old and it's a totally grass root led and born kind of operation. And in a way, it's a combination of what both Martha and Erin was just talking about except we do it kind of through more informal channels with small businesses, neighborhood heal practitioners. So this first slide I wanted to share is just kind of about the vision and mission of my farmer's market which is a little bit different to most because I work in urban areas that are designated as food deserts or swamps. And also the residents who are my targets within these neighborhoods happen to kind of be poster children for the social and physical determinants of health. So keeping that in mind, I had to build from the ground up to build relationships in order to reach my population. So these two slides kind of tell you about my vision and mission. And then these are the founding principles of my farmer's market food literacy, environmental stewardship, social responsibility. The reason I had to evolve to these being my framework for relationship, for mission alignment, for programming and education is because many of the folk that I am living with food is a very important need, but so are other things. And so I wanted to be able to have accessible links to help address those things because each of us like an algebra equation, we have our own personal equation for our health. And those variables are represented by what we're eating, how much stress we are dealing with, what resources we do and don't have, et cetera. And so over time with every farmer's market, wherever I am, I tell people I am a heel zone because all of these things will be happening. I'll have some kind of free exercise. There's always live juicing. If possible, we cook and we do whatever is in season and whatever our inventory is. And I try to show people immediately on the spot several different ways to use the same thing. So we might make a smoothie juice and cook kale, for example, and have it raw. And something that you saw made, you taste it right now, et cetera. The other thing I try to teach people about is food miles. And that's one of the things that I'm really proud of with my market, me being in the city, there's a lot of urban farmers and greenhouses that are popping up that have meticulous standards. They know the plight of food deserts and food swamps. They know the plight of access. And so people are creating small and large scale businesses that create sourcing that I can tap into. And so now you see what my integrity word means, tricep origin, which is majorly key. I tell people that I visited every farm or greenhouse or whatever the food has come from, there's always information there. And in starting as of last year, this will be my second season, I now have my own urban farm, so I can even source from there and I grow organic heirlooms to source. This slide basically is the backbone of how I've built relationships to be able to deliver a heal framework because I can't do all those things me. So because my mission is around healthy eating and active living, then I get in mission alignment with small businesses, entities that are nonprofits, the city of Denver, a church and individual. I don't mean this in a bad way, but I don't care. If we are in mission alignment, then guess what, we can work together and we can help to connect people that are disconnected from healthy eating and active living in all kinds of ways. And I say that this is how my best practices for community weaving are, which again, as I summarize, I'd say seeking that alignment, which would be the number one. And then this reciprocity factor I'd like to talk about, I like to tell people that I have shifted the definition of wealth, that wealth equals health, not money and things as we have come to believe. And as a result, there's another form of currency that I've been blessed to build called community currency. With everybody I have woven, so to speak, a relationship with around mission alignment, we have a reciprocity factor. So the barriers that I have to accessing, funding that would help me, I can tap into a relationship to get these things done so that, so if I don't have for, I'll give you a very good case in point for this year. I partnered with a yoga collective that has a grant to do pop up yoga. Brilliant, what am I? A gypsy, I'm popping up all over. So we're gonna partner so the yoga structure, instructors that support the market will be paid through this partnership. Thank you God, I don't have to worry about that. And so that's an example of what I mean. And because we do have a shared vision, we're both getting the benefit, the collective needed places to pop up. Well, guess what? I'm popping up and I need people to pop up with me. So, and this slide is here basically to show you an example of what I was trying to articulate.  And we are doing this work together because we're in alignment around healthy eating and active living. Thank you, Beverly. Thanks, Beverly. And I'm gonna hop into Farmer's Markets as a one-stop shop for community health. So before my days at Livewell, I was working at the Northwest Detroit Farmers Market nestled in the Grand Mount Rosale neighborhood in Detroit. The market there had a huge mixed income of a population with a lot of mixed income residents. There were people young and old. There were a few different schools. There was a hospital, senior centers. So we had a very diverse community and had done a door-to-door kind of survey and question asking to find out what our community wanted out of their farmers market. So what we found is that people really wanted a one-stop shop. And so that could mean one of two things. A lot of them said, I don't go to the farmer's market because when I go to the grocery store, it has paper towels and toothpaste and toilet paper. And what we figured out is that we could not provide all of those things, but what we could do is find other community needs and try to help meet those at the farmer's market so that they could get some grocery shopping done, while also getting some other portion of their day taken care of. So what that looks like was a lot of the cooking classes that Erin had talked about, a lot of what Beverly talked about around Heel, but in case you're in a community where those food-specific partnerships don't always get you as far as you want or you would just like to add additional ideas, we got really creative. And so that started with things like a bike repair station. So we had one market volunteer who was just excellent at fixing bikes, started bringing a bike pump, started bringing a wrench, people started bringing their bikes. And within two years, there was a regular scheduled day, once a month at our farmer's market that people would bike or bring their broken bikes and there was a team of people there to fix them. We had kid stays, a huge one at the end of the summer where farmers would donate potato sacks and kids would have sack races, pumpkin, bowling. It was really everything you could think of, but the idea behind this was creating a place for kids to learn, to create, to do crafts while their parents could shop, which adds an extra benefit at your market. We were in a neighborhood that had a lot of health issues as far as air quality, a high population that struggled with diabetes and high cholesterol, but a lot of that population was uninsured or struggled to get to a doctor's office on a regular basis. So we talked to a hospital and for free had free health screenings.  And so we created a little bus shuttle service for people who were not able to get to the market because they could not drive or had accessibility issues. So I'm bringing all of these up because I just want to remind everybody to be creative when planning your farmer's market to imagine who's in your community. And I think Colorado has a huge amount of resources as far as food access, health access. But if your community has other needs, why not try to offer those at the farmer's market? And then I just want to talk a little bit about how to begin with any of these ideas. I think the first thing touches on Martha's slides at the beginning to consider who is in your community, what language are they speaking? Are they young? Are they old? Is it a mix? Is there an elementary school nearby your market? Is there a hospital? And to capitalize on those partnerships. To consider what neighborhood resources are within, and I say a five mile radius because in all of the surveying that we've done for Double Up Food Bucks and our equity work with farmer's markets, we find that people usually only travel five to 10 miles to a farmer's market. So even just a 20 minute community mapping might help you think of some new resources that you weren't thinking of before. And then the last one is, as you work with your community, are there services that you're hearing people need but that you're seeing don't exist? Are there gaps? And that's how we came up with those health screenings. We heard people saying, I'd love to eat healthy, I'm having all of these health issues, but I can't even get to the doctor. So I'm just gonna give up. So kind of creating this one step shop idea in services can negate the fact that you might not be able to have toilet paper and paper towels and the things of a large supermarket. And then I just wanna touch on, we had so many great presenters today where you can find more ideas. Martha had brought up the Colorado Farmers Market Association. This webinar will be posted on there as well as all the links that they had. You can look back and contact any of our presenters with other ideas about farmer's markets and then live all Colorado will continue to share farmer's market ideas throughout the entire summer of things we hear from around the country that people are doing to make their markets welcoming, inclusive, and more equitable. So I'm gonna open it up for questions and leave the contact information up. Just a reminder, if you have questions, there's a chat box to the right. So I'll give people a couple of minutes and we'll get to that. So. All right, well I'm not seeing any questions come into the box. The contact information is on this screen. If people think of questions later on in the day or the week, feel free to contact any of us. And I just wanna say thank you for taking part of your day to learn about community programming at farmer's markets.


Hey guys and welcome to part two of creating a library system using Python. So before we start this tutorial I just want to make sure that you guys are aware that this tutorial is going to be for pure beginners So the stuff that we're going to be doing in this tutorial is going to be pretty basic And we're not actually going to go through the full scope of creating a library system But just a basic aspect of it. So if you haven't already watched the previous tutorial I highly recommend you do because in part one what we did was scraping the data from a scraperable website using requests and proxies in order to basically have the data related to books, the availability and their prices that we're going to be using in this tutorial. So the last tutorial was sponsored by IPRoyal who have kindly also sponsored today's tutorial. IPRoyal is a proxy service provider providing safe private and unrestricted access to online information. With a pool of over 2 million plus reliable IPs IPRoyal allows clients to use a proxy server as an intermediary between their devices and the web which allows clients to maintain their privacy and use resources they can't access directly due to geo restrictions etc. IPRoyal's data center proxies can serve as a great product for businesses or users looking for premium high-speed anonymous private proxies which usually have unlimited bandwidth and no extra charges. For data scraping though I would recommend using IPRoyal's residential proxies as they not only allow anonymity when scraping websites which can help avoiding getting weight limited but also let you select the geo location of the proxy either through the dashboard or by making minor changes in your code. Lastly IPRoyal handles automatic IP rotation which not only allows easy integration within your code but they also provide the option to use static IPs in case that you decide to keep an IP for a longer duration of time. In this video IPRoyal has given me access to their discount codes which will give you a straight 30% discount on your Royal Residential Proxies. The discount code is your hand 30 and can be used to buy the Royal Residential Proxies. So guys please make sure to grab your discount codes and make your purchases for Royal Residential Proxies today from IPRoyal or you'll be missing out on a great deal. So now that you know a bit more about IPRoyal what we're going to be doing is hopping right into the code. So what we have here is a .py file that we're going to be coding in. So what we want to do first is we're going to import a library called pandas which is what we're going to be using to basically read our data. So import pandas as pd and we also want to import time because we're going to be using time to basically call some delays in our program make it look a bit more realistic and fun than usual. So first things first what we want to do is if you're working on your desktop for example which I am you want to move your database file that we basically scraped in the last tutorial onto the same folder as your script. So that's what I'm going to be doing now if you bear with me once again just going to move my database file to the desktop and once that's done what you want to do is create a new variable called data and we're going to use pandas to read in that CSV file so make sure to mention the exact file name including the power extension and what we can do is just print the data to make sure that we're actually loading in this properly. So open cmd here and then I'm going to activate my environment because I've got different environments for different projects but if you've installed audio packages like pandas and time on the same like default environment that's okay you don't need to activate any environment. So to run the script I have to first navigate to the folder where my script is so mine is on desktop and then just type in Python and the name of the script so Python library system main.py. As you can see the first part of the code ran successfully because it's printing out the CSV file as a nice data frame so we've got four different columns so we've got the book ID, book image URL, book price, book availability and so on. So the book ID was actually manually created by me because the website we didn't scrape the book ID from so what you want to do in Excel is just create a new column called book ID and then just start typing in numbers from one until all the way to the end because we're going to be needing that in our code. So I shouldn't have closed that but anyway what you want to do next is create a variable called balance so this is going to be your account balance so how much money you currently have in order to purchase books. We'll set that up to something reasonable like 40 pounds and then we'll move on to the rest so the next thing is creating a menu function which will basically print out the different options that the user has access to on the main menu so it's just a bunch of print statements the first one will be welcome to the library you can give your library a name but I'm not as creative so I'm just going to call it welcome to the library and then we want to type in the different options so first option is going to be purchase a book and the second option is going to be exit so like I said the tutorial is going to be pretty simple and we're just going to be having two functions one being purchasing a book another one being exiting the library so if you wanted to if you like want to practice your code and skills after the finish of this tutorial you could add another option called returning the book which when you return the book the library will return the money that you paid for the book so that's up to you guys but in this tutorial we're just covering purchasing a book as a functionality so the next function we're going to need is quite an important function it's basically going to print out all the books and their information to the user so we're going to do view books as the function name and then what we're going to do is basically loop through the data frame or the CSV file that we loaded in with pandas so we're going to loop through each row of it so for I and range 0, length of data what we want to do is create a new variable called row and row is going to be data.iLockI iLock will basically help you locate each row using the index so it's row start with 0 and ends with whatever the last index of the data frame is so now that we've got the whole row what you want to do is grab the different elements of it so we need the ID so I'm going to do ID equals row and that's going to be book ID so you need to put the column names in here then we want the title as well so title is going to be row book title that's the second column then price which is going to be row book price just make sure you have these exact same column names in your CSV otherwise you're going to encounter an error availability and mine is called book availability okay now the last thing we want to do is actually just print this in a nice format so that all the books can be like printed out to the user and the IDs can be printed out as well so they can select what book they want to purchase for example so I'm going to do print strid so that's the book ID plus dot title and then we're going to print out the title then we want to show the price of the book so price add a pound sign or dollar sign whichever you prefer and strprice and then lastly the availability so the availability variable okay so that should be our view books function pretty much ready let's test it out by running it so we'll run the menu function first and then we'll run the we'll do a time dot sleep here of like let's say five seconds so we have enough time to see it and then we'll do view books let me do the same process again in cmd because I accidentally closed the windows up to now do the whole thing again okay here we go the first part is running so the menu works it's showing hopefully and then as you can see our view books function is pretty much working as intended as well it's pretty got the ID of the book the title the price and availability as well which is perfect because the user can basically just call for it and find the ID of the book they want to purchase cool so this time I'm not gonna make the rookie mistake of closing command prompt okay just gonna do CLS to clear the console again nice now the next thing you want to do is we can get rid of this because we were just testing those functions we want to create an infinite loop which is only going to be broken when the user presses the number two to basically exit our program so first things first we want to display the menu to the user then we want to grab the input from the user based on the menu so we're gonna grab an integer input and create a new line and so please enter a number funding the options then we want to basically print the option that the user selected back to him so you selected option and then we'll do comma menu option menu input so that will basically show the user what option they selected just to cross check with them and then we can start with the logic so we'll say if menu input is equal to three we said sorry two we said two would be exit so if it's two then we simply print exiting and then we time got sleep that's a three seconds and then just break through the loop and they'll pretty much break through our main loop and end the program then we want to do an elef here so it was a new input equals one which is basically purchasing a book this is where we have to create another loop because there can be a few things that happen when the user purchases a book for example they may want to purchase multiple books and then return to main menu so we don't want to redirect them straight away to the main menu unless they want to so we do another loop so well and then first things first review the books so let's do this for now and just test that program so we're going to test the existing functionality and we're also going to test the input menu and we can also add an else in here to say if the user enters anything apart from these two options just say something like something like that so let's test it out get my cn command prompt up here the command let's do let's say five and it says you selected five invalid option please select it please try again let's exit and they'll exit in I think it was five seconds yep and we are returned back to the command prompt and then let's try purchase the book and as we can see it's doing as intended printing out all the books in the data frame now this loop will keep running because we've done a while one loop so to stop it I'm just going to do control C and I'm going to clear my console again so if we go back to the code what you want to do now is basically grab the input of the book ID from the user so finding out what book they want to purchase int input pretty much the same as the menu please enter a number corresponding the options above and also for main menu enter 0 because we also need to allow the user to go back to the main menu if they want to so now the important bit is we check if user enters 0 and just make a comment to remember quit to main menu so add a bit of logic here that does exactly that so if book ID equals 0 so if the user enters 0 there we're just going to break and that's going to lead us back into our main loop which will display the menu to the user again so if the user doesn't then we carry on with the book search so we now actually need to search through our whole data frame or the CSV to find the book that matches the ID the user has entered so book search result will be a variable and then we do data and we use a query option in pandas to basically find the book book the row that matches this book ID so we say book ID double equals and then the book ID variable that the user has given us up here so this will basically grab the row that matches this book ID and if there is no rows it will just return an empty data frame so first off we check if there is actually a book with this ID so we say if book search result the length of the data frame if it's less than one that means there is no book with this ID so just bring invalid option selected please try again and then we'll just do a time dot sleep of let's say five seconds here then we do elif book search result now this elif is basically we're going to be checking next thing we're checking is for availability so if the book was actually found we want to make sure that it's actually available to buy so we do book search result I look zero to basically grab the first row of the result which is going to be the only row anyway and then we do book availability make sure this is this matches your column in the CSB otherwise it will pretty much error so we say elif book search I lock zero book availability is not equal to if it doesn't equal to in stock that means it's out of stock then we print the selected book is out of stock please select a different book and then we print the loading menu in around 10 seconds and then time dot sleep 10 seconds so if the user tries to select the book that isn't available then the user will be notified and then they'll be redirected back to the book menu again where they can see all the books again and select a different book now finally if the book exists within our database and it is in stock this else should cover that so we'll print out the information of the book the user has purchased so you have selected a new line here and a new line at the end and then we'll print all the details of the book title that's gonna be books so I lock zero book title make sure you've got your column names correct here I'm just gonna copy and paste this because I need to do book price so book price and book availability as well so change this to book availability make sure your column names are matching and that's pretty much gonna sort it out now we want to print a bit of like system gimmick so we'll do a tenting to purchase the book with your account balance dot dot dot and we need to time dot sleep here so that the person thinks it's a bit realistic and then we'll print out the users like account balance which we stored in our variable at the start so so your account is pound sign and then plus str balance which is the variable we created at the very start up here so that will print out their balance to them and then now we need to actually check if the user has enough balance to purchase this book so we'll do your balance is greater or equal to book so I lock zero book price so if it is actually equal or greater to the price of the book then you have sufficient funds to purchase the book and then we'll basically have to deduct this sum from the user's balance so balance minus equals books search result I lock zero price now if you don't want to repeat typing this long-ass thing every time you could just save this into a variable but I'm I'm just lazy so I haven't it's probably good practice to save this into a variable actually but since we've already got so far I'm not gonna bother so this line basically deduct the price of the book from the user's balance and then we need to show the updated balance to the user so we'll say your updated account balance is and you can just put a few more lines of printing you have now purchased the book and then we return the user back to the main menu in case they want to purchase now this is in case the user has enough balance so we need to add an else as well here to make sure we cover what happens if the user doesn't have enough balance so we'll say else print insufficient funds to purchase this book and then print the account balance so the user knows why there's insufficient funds and then print once again returning to 10 seconds sleep for 10 seconds our program is pretty much finished so that was a pretty simple implementation of a library system let's just test it and hope for no errors which don't work but let's give it a go anywhere so what we're going to do first try purchasing a book now for the sake of this tutorial what I've done with the first book that shows up is changed it from in stock to like something that isn't in stock so the stock you could change this to out of stock for example which makes more sense so if I were to select book one it should say this book is not available to purchase to select another option or something along those lines so let's try and purchase book number one your selected book is out of stock please try a different book loading menu in 10 seconds perfect it works what if we try to enter a book ID that doesn't exist so let's say 1000 or 2000 actually because the last book here is 1020 2000 says invalid option selected please try again perfect so that's working as well now this time we're actually going to try to purchase a book that we can't afford so I can't balance with like 40 quid so we try to purchase book 1019 it should not allow us to so it says you have selected the book first today which is correct and then the price shows up as well availability in stock it says attempting to purchase the book with your account balance your account balance is 40 and proficient funds to purchase his book and then it shows the account balance again and then it returns us back to the main menu which is perfect this time let's try to purchase a book actually that we can afford so let's do 1020 the book price is 26 pence eight pence so should go through hopefully shows us the details shows us it's in stock which is good and then it shows us the updated account balance now you can change this using the round functionality to basically show you only up to two decimal digits so that's a bit of a challenge for you guys and now if we try to purchase let's say book 1019 which shouldn't let us because updated balance should be 40 minus 26.08 so yeah a bit less than what it was before so it says our account balance is 13 pounds because obviously we purchased the book before and it won't let us purchase this book again so we can now test out the last thing which was press 0 to enter to main menu so press 0 here we go we are back into that main menu from where we can exit or purchase a book so let's exit it's gonna exit in two seconds and that's pretty much it guys I hope you have enjoyed today's tutorial and learned something new if the tutorial was a bit too basic I apologize but this was really designed for like beginners trying to get a nice little program to like brush up their knowledge so I was able to help once again I'd like to thank our sponsors IP Royal for today's video and I really recommend you do check out their proxies because we've got a discounted rate so go ahead and check them out guys and if you have any other video ideas please let me know in the comments below and I'll see your beautiful faces in the next tutorial. Peace.


So, what I wanted to do now is bring down the level of the very, very technical information that was just presented with the two speakers before, down to something that we all sort of do, which is publishing. And I wanted to show you some of the things that we're doing around publishing that hopefully will affect some of you in the future. We have, I think, been told by various organizations, including here in Nature in this special section, that we are not doing a fantastic job at reproducing the results that we publish. Some of those reproductions have been things like the Macintosh operating system, which actually affects cortical thickness. This is a real... This is one of those sorts of things that we would like to avoid potentially, but it does actually happen. So, and has been reported very nicely, there are a lot of antibody misses in terms of the ability to reproduce results, and there are other things. All of these affect science in a pretty significant way. Now, what I would like to show you is here is a fairly typical paper. There are some antibodies that are actually pulled out in that little teeny, tiny bit of the methods, which is kind of made a lot bigger here in the major, in the main section. And here's an antibody against actin. Now, what I might be asking as a researcher is what are, you know, what are the studies that are using my particular monoclonal mouse antibody? There it is. I found it in that particular paper. I go to Sigma, and lo and behold, I have multiple antibodies, which I now have to purchase all of and try to recreate the study, right? This is bad, but surely this cannot be the state of the art. Well, our colleagues at OHSU had taken this on as a question, and the hypothesis was that, in fact, that was the norm. And in fact, they looked across five different domains of biological science. They looked across different impact factors of journals. They pulled out lots of antibodies, lots of journals, lots of papers. And lo and behold, we are not doing all that well. Now, what this is showing here is if you look across just this graph right here, these are the individual reproducibilities or identifiabilities of these reagents. So these are reagents. Here are the antibodies, cell lines, constructs, knockdown reagents and organisms. And this fraction here is out of the total number of papers and out of the total number of antibodies, for example, that were found in papers by a curator. Less than 50% were actually able to be identified back at the manufacturer's website. So this is not great. These are fairly recent papers. Ooh, this is a microphone. So technical difficulties. All right, here we go. All right. So what we've done is we've actually created a pilot project that answered a very important question for me, which INCF was very kind enough to answer, which is the way to an editor's heart is actually through their stomach. So what we did is we asked the editor-in-chiefs of multiple journals in the neuroscience domain to come in for a nice meal and try to discuss this topic, right? So out of this and another couple of follow-ups at both the Society for Neuroscience and at the NIH, we actually got together a group of these journal editors that were willing to tackle this problem. And the thing that they agreed on is they agreed the kinds of entities, the kinds of infrastructure, and the kinds of procedures that would be used for this pilot project. We established the working group. Here are all of the members. Actually, this is just a few of the members of the total working group. There's many, many more. Some of them are in this room. Thank you all very much. So the pilot project involves looking at software and databases. It involves looking at antibodies and model organisms, especially transgenic animals. And what we would like all of the authors to do that are participating in the pilot is to include the unique identifiers inside of their method section. And this is what the editors are supposed to be asking these people. And what we were able to do is this is going to be voluntary or this has been voluntary for authors. The journals we decided should not have to modify their systems in order to participate. And we are leaving this open entirely to the journals in terms of when they would like to ask and how. Okay, one of the technology pieces that had to be built for this because we didn't want authors to go to 10 different websites from 10 different model organism communities and all of these other places, we built one portal. This is built on our new Cycrunch infrastructure. And what we were able to do is put all of the data from the model organism databases, the antibody registry and the NIF registry, together in one place where the authors would basically go in here to the portal. They would find their particular resource. There's a site, this button, which opens up this little dialog box which they can then copy and paste into their method section. So this is uniform. It's implemented across most of the major publishers, everyone who is participating. And so what we found now that we have actually concluded about the fifth month of this pilot project is we have just had 100 articles appear in Google Scholar. So you can search for these right now on your laptops. This is if you just go to Google Scholar basically and you put in RRID and you have to sort of sort by English and by date. That usually works a little better. You want to search for everything, not just abstracts. And what we find is that we can actually pull back all the papers that used a particular resource or a particular antibody. In this case, this is a chemicon antibody that is used in these four different papers. And this is all being identified by this AB90755 antibody ID. You can see that these people took that antibody from chemicon, which by the way, this is just published within the last two months. This company has been out of business for over 10 years. This paper published the same antibody from Millipur. It just so happens that Millipur took over chemicon about 10 years ago. Now this person is publishing Millipur chemicon antibody. And this one is in a place where actually Millipur is not. But the analysis here shows that in all cases, this ID is the same and it is being uniformly applied. Whereas the other portions of this are really a lot more free-texty. So what we have is this 100 papers out of 15 different journals. We've identified 630 RRIDs that have been used by authors. Amazingly, three were removed by typesetting. 95% of the authors' assessments of what their IDs were were actually correct. So we feel that this is very, very nice. This is a good amount of correctness. There is a false negative rate. It's roughly 14%. This number is not as safe as the other numbers. But to the antibody registry, for example, which holds 2.2 million antibodies with IDs, about 200 were added during this pilot phase. In terms of software tools, about 75 were added. So it's really driving registration to these registries and these resources. There have also been several mice registered. There has been at least one rat that went over to the RGD. All of this data is available freely right now, pre-publication at the Force 11 website. And this I just got from Dr. Vasilevsky on Friday. So I thought I'd share it with you today. So Dr. Vasilevsky was our colleague at OHSU. And what she was able to do is she was able to now go back, apply her same standards for identifiability for, are we done? OK. Anyway, it looks like we're doing better with the journals that are actually participating in the pilot in terms of how much identifiability we're able to get for all three of these types of tools. So really quick. Elsevier has actually just added our resolver service to Science Direct. That should be coming out in the next week. So these RIDs are able to be put into papers. They are able to be found. Authors are not complaining too much. And it seems like this is a really good way to go. If you like this project and I'm sorry I'm going over, please help. I assume that all of you are authors. Perhaps you can add one of these identifiers. And if you are an editor or a reviewer, excuse me, if you're an editor, please come talk to me. Because there is still time to participate. All right. Thank you very much. Running them. Who's responsible for making the RRID? The people making the RRIDs are essentially whatever community is actually in charge of producing those identifiers. So for BICE, it's MGI, for RATS, it's RGD. For the antibody registry, the antibody registry does that. And that's us. And what was the reason for using RRIDs instead of digital object identifiers, for instance? Well, the database is already create these identifiers. I mean pulling an identifier as a DOI for a mouse doesn't make much sense, because it's not a digital object. Mice are typically fuzzy objects, so thank you.


So, good afternoon. I have the great pleasure of announcing Marisa McAuliffe's uncle. That's right. That is my claim to fame. Marisa McAuliffe worked for me several years in the State Department, best Chief of Staff there ever was, and I got to know Terry that way. But on a more serious note, those of you from New America know that one of my hobby horses and one of the things I'm really proudest of at New America is our effort to reinvent the think tank and to not only do great top-down research and analysis, but also bottom-up work in communities across the country in a ways that find solutions that people are inventing for themselves, partly because of technology, partly because of speed, and partly because it's nice to get out of Washington. I did not think when we originally wrote about this in 2015 that cybersecurity would be so important at the state and local level. Indeed, if you'd asked me, I'd have said, no, no, no, cybersecurity, that's a Washington issue. That's a federal issue. That's a national security issue. That is not one of the things we could do at the state and local level, but I was very wrong. Governor McAuliffe is one of the real visionaries in this space for seeing exactly what needs to be done at the state and local level. We're going to talk about that. However, in addition to his status as a very proud uncle, he is the 72nd Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia. He'll probably ask you to raise your hands for how many Virginians there are in the audience, and he really is a champion of cybersecurity. In 2014, 2015, there was the Commonwealth of Virginia Cyber Security Commission, which launched a whole number of state initiatives and critically has been a model for other states. Governor McAuliffe is now the chairman of the National Governors Association, and he has launched the Meet the Threat initiative, again, which we'll talk about, to convince other governors just how important this is. Governor McAuliffe, welcome, and we are so grateful to have you here. Thanks, Anne-Marie. Great to be with you. Thank you, everybody. Let's go ahead and do it. How many live in Virginia? Good crowd, smart. Maryland. Boy, paying those taxes? You've got to be kidding me. Line over the Potomac. It's much nicer. So let's just start at the beginning. Why cybersecurity? I mean, you and I knew each other a little during the Obama administration. I mean, this was not an area I necessarily would have predicted. There's no bigger threat to the governors than cybersecurity. I talk about this constantly. Let's just take Virginia last year. I had 86 million cyber attacks on the Commonwealth of Virginia's state account. 86 million. Just Virginia. My personal information was a foreign actor two weeks ago tried to get my personal information on the state. We were able to block it. It affects everybody. No governor wants to have their data stolen. The governors control more data than the federal government does. Collectively, if you think about, we run the Medicaid programs. We have all the health information. We have all the state tax information. We have all the driver's license information and social security and all that. So collectively, we have more data than the federal government. The federal government has moved to protect themselves and we work very close with DHS and FBI and all that. And I think for a lot of the cyber criminals, an easy place to go is to go to the states. And the point as chairman of all the governors is we do a very good job in Virginia. I would say we're one of the best states for protecting our data. But the point I make to the 50 governors, if we do a great job in Virginia, and there are about 10 states that do a great job and 20 or 30 making progress and 10 really need work, well, let's just hypothetically, if we do a great job in Virginia and protect ourselves, let's take some small state out west who has done nothing. If we both have Anthem healthcare providing, they will get to Virginia through a back door through a state. So the point I've made to the governors is we are only as strong as our weakest link. So I have started this initiative working with the NGA and I see Tim is over here and my team, Michael, so I'm going to team from our NGA who worked on this. All 50 states were trying to get up to a basic protection level to meet basic protocols so that we are, as I say, we're only as strong as our weakest link to make sure all of our states are up. But all the data, I don't want to be governor where my personal information Utah has had a major breach South Carolina had a major breach and I tell the governors it's like, you know, you don't want to be caught out of state during a major snowstorm. It could ruin your political career. Also could ruin your career if you haven't done the basic things you need to protect the data. To me as governor, this is one of the most important things I could do and I do also think it sends a very strong message to businesses that we do a very good job of protecting our data. One more reason why you should put your business in Virginia. Number one, number two, it's a huge job creator. We now have more cyber companies than any state in the United States of America, 650 in Virginia now. I have 36,000 openings right now in cyber in Virginia starting to pay 88,000 dollars. So I'm going to that is extraordinary. Again, the number and I want to come back to the economic dimensions. But on what can governors do? I mean, is it policy or is it sort of a set of best practices or both? Both. So what we've done and we just with all the governors, the first time this happened at our NGA meeting in February, you know, this is a real deliverable. Every governor when they sat down, there was a sealed envelope and they got a report card. This has never happened. No governors have done this before. I didn't, as chairman, I didn't even know what other states had, but every state was ranked. You either were green in areas, yellow or red. And there are some governors whose states got all red, which means you've got a lot of work to do. So, but we're working with them. We just had a huge conference in San Jose. I was out there Wednesday on cyber security. We've done training for all the states. And this is like really these are the things you have to do to protect your... Here's the things. And I've already done it in Virginia. We're the first state to do the NIST framework. We're the first state to stand up and ISAO. I mean, we've done all this. I've the first one to put a cyber commission together. Just take the executive orders that I've done in Virginia. You don't have to reinvent the wheel. Just take them. And because this is one great thing about the governors, we all want to help each other in this regard. This is not a partisan issue. We need everybody to be strong. So, it's executive orders. It's doing legislation. It's investing. I just put a billion dollars into education last year. A lot of it aimed at cyber. I now do cyber camps. I had 39 cyber camps last summer for freshmen and sophomores in high school to come for nine weeks for free. We'll pay for it. I'm the first state. I now have a scholarship. If you'll go and get a cyber degree and work for the state for two years, I'll pay for your education. Really? So, we really in Virginia, because it's worth it for me to do it, to get these cyber warriors to continue to do it. So, back to the number of how it creates jobs at the government level. 36,000 jobs? 36,000 open jobs today in Virginia, starting paying 88,000. I tell parents all the time, you know, you're all too young, but there used to be a movie called The Graduate. And the key phrase was plastics. It's now cyber. And I've literally beaten up my college presidents. I bring them in once a month. And I apologize if any of you are anthropology majors. Stop offering courses that don't get skills to match the jobs that exist. I have 30 billion dollars worth of student debt in Virginia today. Why are we graduating folks with a lot of debt without skills when I have all these jobs open? So, I'm trying to change our education system. I've just added code writing and computer science is part of our standard of learning, our standardized tests. They're now part of them. I got rid of five worthless ones and have added these two back in. And I apologize. I didn't have to be anthropology. It could be anything. Listen, I was a political science major. So, you know, who knew? Anything can happen. You too could be governor of Virginia. And are those three, are those three? And remember this, when you go to bed tonight, think about this honestly. Our first governor, Patrick Henry, started the American Revolution. Give me liberty, give me death. Our second governor, Thomas Jefferson. And now, Terry McAuliffe. Is that a great country? As a former Virginia, I love it. But are those jobs, those are government jobs? So, those are across the private sector. They're private sector jobs. Yeah. So, we have, I say, about 650 cyber companies. You know, listen, this was something important that I needed to do, first of all, because, as you know, being a Virginian, you know, we have more military bases than any state in America. We have the largest naval base in the world. We have the Pentagon, the CIA, Quantico, a lot of three letter agencies I can't name, all in Virginia. So, we are in partnership with the federal government because we all, we have a shared purpose to protect our data. So, for us, the Northern Virginia, huge, really huge core group of companies, but also down in Hampton Roads with all the military assets, the base and all that that we have down there. So, but this is all private sector jobs. I'm not even including what I would need in the government. Wow. And so, part of this is, as you said, working with higher education, getting people, getting people in those jobs. What about creating sort of hubs for the cybersecurity industry? I mean, so, there's the cybersecurity needs in every company, but what about actually growing the cybersecurity as an industry, just like you might grow the auto, I mean, you know a lot about this, the energy industry, the automobile industry. And that's what I'm, you know, listen, that's what I'm trying to do in Virginia, you know, I was out at the RSA conference, you know, which is the biggest cyber conference just out in San Francisco. For the last two, three years, I was the only governor that went to up, which I just found nuts. You're giving me this huge opportunity to go do it. So, I'm trying to make Virginia that center of cybersecurity. I can only pull that off Amory if I can find, and you know, we have the second most number of technology workers of any state in America. California is one word too, but even with that, trying to continue to feed this, but what is really important, parts of, here's Northern Virginia, Hampton Roads, but you go out to South Side and Southwest Virginia, they've lost coal, textile, furniture and tobacco. Rural communities have been ravaged by the loss of these jobs. How do you bring in new jobs there? Danville, as you know, Danville, rural down in Southwest Virginia. Textiles originally. Lost all the textile business. We just, the Danville Community College just became a cyber center of excellence, you know, which is designated by DHS and the National Security Agency. We had one when I became governor, I have 14. My goal is to have every community college be a cyber center of excellence, and now with Danville, they are now going to have these cyber degrees. So Northern Virginia Company would be glad to hire somebody in Danville. You don't have to be in Northern Virginia as long as you got access to the pipe and you get in the internet and you can code right. This is how I can help rural communities that have not taken part in the job growth. I think what you saw in that last election, this is how you can help these communities grow. And I tell everybody, once you begin with these assets, we in Virginia just won for the National Guard, the new Air Force Command Cyber Center. Why did we get it? Because we have invested. And I tell the governors all the time, you're not going to, federal government's going to spend billions in this area, billions. You either get in the game, change your education system and start doing what you need to do, or you're not going to get these federal assets. So we'll continue to get them in Virginia. And how do you convince people, so in Danville, former textile workers, former coal miners, these are, these are folks who are a little suspicious, right? Of cyber stuff. How do you, how do you overcome those cultural barriers? They have been beaten down for so long. You know, it's interesting when you think Virginia, you think of us parts as a coal state, right? We have about eight and a half million people working for Virginia. We have 4.3 million workers out of 4.3 million workers. Let me just ask Ann Marie, and we're considered a coal state. How many coal workers do you think we have in Virginia? Oh gosh. Out of 4.3 million. I would have said 100,000. 1,000. Oh my. I'm off by an order of magnitude. It shocks people when we do this. But that is what's happened. Yeah, about 1,016. So what has happened, of course, obviously with gas, but, and I think they've realized it's not, it's not coming back. It's not coming back. Natural gas. So they are desperate for new opportunities. But when I went down to announce that, you know, the certificate for the cybersecurity, 200 people showed up. This was the biggest thing that happened in Danville. So there's real excitement. As you know, in these rural communities, the hardest working folks, they're passionate. And, you know, I'm trying to do drones as well, UAV. We, you know, we're one of the seven test sites in America. I'm trying to do the same thing with autonomous vehicles. Every road I'm building now has sensors. This is what you have to do, what I call building that new Virginia economy. And to get a cyber degree, it only takes eight, nine months, as you know. So we, you can do this relatively quickly.  Boy, that's a game changer. Great. So let me, let's go back to the education part. So it's community colleges, state institutions, private colleges. What about earlier? Have you thought about what you do? We had somebody earlier today who said, you know, what is most needed? And she said, we really need digital literacy from kindergarten forward. But how do you, how do you tackle that? I tell my superintendent, Steve Staples, that every kindergarten when they come in, I want to cray old book that says STEM on the front of it. I mean, we literally have got to change the way. And that's what I've tried to do through our education system. Listen, our high schools don't work in America anymore. Don't kid yourself. They don't. They were built for the industrial revolution. They are big buildings with classrooms with seats and you get credit for seat time. Well, that was great for the industrial revolution, but it's totally inapplicable to what we're trying to build today. So we're totally revamping, as I say, externships, internships on the job, all the way in high school in Virginia now. We've totally transformed it. But going earlier, we are now teaching computer science and code writing in fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, and now we're offing summer camps. So, and now letting people know that if you will give us two years, I'll pay for your college education in Virginia. Scholarship for service. We're the only state off from that. I also have a huge... And that's a legislative program. I mean, did you get that through the legislature? Yeah, we did. Yeah. Yeah. I mean, listen, I have a very Republican legislature. I'm a Democrat, if you didn't know. But listen, on economic development, we get a long file. We disagree on some of the social issues, but on economic development, you know, I've had a very good run with my legislature. And we've all, we've really tried to stay focused because, you know, we're very vulnerable in Virginia because, as I say, we're the number one recipient of Department of Defense dollars. So when sequestration hit Virginia in 2011, we lost $9.8 billion direct spending from the Pentagon. Now, as you know, the next round, I mean, all I hear is bad news on the federal budget that we're going to have another CR. Well, another continuing resolution, you know, phones keeps at the same level. Those draconian sequestration cuts are going to hit again next October. So because of all that, and the federal government shut down we had in 13, because of all that, I think the legislature has, we can't lie on the military, let's build, expand, broaden, let it be cyber, data analytics, human genome sequencing, all these new things, and it's worked.  And, you know, I deal with issues of tenure and everything that we all deal with, which sometimes it's hard to deal with. But we're making great progress. We just got to shake it up. So I need to ask one of my team, do I have 10 minutes left or 10 minutes till questions? I thought we were here all day. 10 minutes left or 10 minutes? Oh, all right. I'm going to ask you one more and then I'll turn it over because we so you mentioned the National Guard Academy. So one of the things I've read when we talk about cybersecurity are arguments that this is really a great role for the National Guard. Is that part of what this academy is supposed to do? Have you thought about the National Guard? Oh, our guard is, you know, instrumental in doing this. And there's another thing called the Council of Governors. It's five Democrats, five Republicans appointed by the president that serves.  And Tim and Jeff and everybody have been working very hard. We finally have an agreement after years to share data. A lot of the big problem we've had with the guard is the ability of the federal to give state the information that we need. And it gets down to those privacy issues, but we finally have an agreement. So the guard is absolutely instrumental in doing this. As I say, we just got one of the new Air Force Command Centers for cyber in Virginia, but your guard, but also the veterans, you know, I'm very proud. We have more female veterans than any state in America. We have more veterans under the age of 27 than any state in America. We have the largest workforce per capita of veterans in any state in America. We transition out about 15,000 a year. I want all 15,000 of those to go and I will pay for them to go get their cyber degree and move them right into the workforce. We have a thing called the V3 program, Virginia Values Veterans, where we have about 800 companies signed up that promise the state that they will hire a veteran once they finish the training. So this is a huge opportunity also for your veterans. That's great. Well, thank you. The floor is open. We've just wait for a microphone. There's a question down here. Good afternoon, Governor. My name is Maurice Turner, Congressional Elevation Fellow working in the Senate. My question goes back to digital citizenship and literacy. When do we get down into the elementary level and start teaching kids the equivalence of, you know, look both ways before you cross the street or, you know, wash your hands after you go to the bathroom when it comes to being a citizen online, you know, those basic fundamentals of using strong passwords, you know, making sure you're reading the entire headline, not just the tweet, you know, those kinds of things that doesn't seem like we're teaching them in school. It's a great point and we're not. And as a father of five children, I have 25, 24, 22. I have the 17 and 14 year old live in the Governor's Mansion. They spend all their day looking. It drives me wild. Pick up a book. It just doesn't happen anymore. So I couldn't agree with you more. What we're trying to institute in Virginia is exactly what you talk about, digital literacy for a lot of reasons, one, to prepare them for the jobs of the future. But I don't, I'm sure how many are parents here with kids who've got devices? How many times have you said what you write today could come back and haunt you?  So the digital literacy part is, you know, they get on these Facebook chats and they say a thing that will literally come back and listen, look what's going on in Capitol Hill today.  So what we're trying to do when I'm putting money into our education system to begin to do the digital while they, while literally starting in fifth grade. And here's the issue we have. The problem is finding enough teachers. That's a real problem because if you are really knowledgeable and skilled in this area, you're going to get cherry picked by a business or the government. I mean, I met with Admiral Rogers the other day and he was saying, he has the same problem we have. A little bit different. The NSA, once you work there, people love it and love to stay there, but generally for FBI and DHS, they can't keep their employees there because, you know, they get cherry picked by the big companies. My big problem is I'm trying to find teachers who can teach digital literacy early on. So we don't have them today. So I'm now putting together a program to offer for teachers to go get that literacy training. I will pay them extra to do that to get them into the classrooms. It's a great question. And we, not Virginia, the country, we better get in this game and we better get in it pretty quick. It's a great question. You might think about, it's interesting if you talk to Teach for America to think about a whole part of Teach for America that is around cyber to also teach others. Sure. Thank you, Governor. I'm wondering if you could talk about, are you concerned at all about the cyber security of public works of ports and electric grid? And if so, what you've done as a state about protecting those things? Yeah. That's our biggest concern and that's when I was alluded to earlier when I said we have so many unique assets in Virginia. Protecting our port obviously is key, but Dulles Airport, they have tried to get into our 9-11 system to shut it down. That has happened in Virginia already. Be careful how I say all this because I do get some data. You would be shocked, let me put it this way, of how many businesses on a daily basis, hospitals, healthcare providers, that right now are being hacked and data is being taken and held ransom and they are paying it off with Bitcoin just to be done with it. Not even, don't even want to report it to the FBI. It's just not worth it. They don't want their shareholders to know. They don't want cuspers to know. But this is going on today at an alarming rate. So we meet in Virginia obviously because of the rich assets that we have all the time to protect those key core assets. There listen, they want to get into our electrical supply. They want to get into our water supply and it's going to happen.  And I think that is really, the stuff in the news I think has really got people, everybody's paying attention to this. It's scary what's going on out there. And we can be great today in Virginia. Tomorrow there's going to be some new creative person somewhere around the globe who's going to come up with some new way to get into our system. But having them come in and steal some of our personal data of our citizens in Virginia, that's horrifying for us and health records and things like that. The OPM breach was horrible. I mean my secretary of veterans affairs in Virginia, I convinced the four star admiral to come work for me. He's in my cabinet. He lost everything, his fingerprints, everything. Got hacked on him, Admiral Harvey. Scary. Over here. Good afternoon Governor, long-time listener, first-time caller. What are you looking, any other governors, looking for support from the Trump administration with regards to cybersecurity since you are the chair of the government? Looking for what? Looking for the Trump, what type of help or support are you looking for from the Fed? From the Trump administration. Oh, what are we offering help in that? No, what are you looking for? What do you need? What do you need? From you? No, not from me, the Fed. Oh, from Trump? I've done my bit. I'm in the private sector now, so. Well, it's a good question. And as I say, different agencies of federal government have done a good job. They have to, obviously, our security agent defense and all that. But let's be honest, there has been a benign neglect by the federal government to deal with this issue. The reasons why we're honestly having to do at the state level is that the federal government can't get their act together. Do you know in Congress, they don't even have a committee that deals with cybersecurity, and the problem and the reason is, is that no one wants to give up their turf to have one designated cybersecurity committee. Think of that.  So there are 80 different entities in the United States Senate that deal with cybersecurity. And when you have 80 different committees and so forth, nothing gets done. And we just met, we took the governors up, we had a good meeting with the senators, and they were very honest with us. Yeah, you're right, we need to do this, we need to do this. But this should be done at the federal level. There should be a national, what I'm trying to do for the governors, there should be a national standard of what should happen in states to protect one's data. But they cannot get legislation out because nobody can take control of this because it is scattered to so many different committees. And unfortunately, due to partisan politics that has gridlocked this city, nothing is getting done. And the point I tried to make to the Senate, when we sit here in Rome Burns, there are people trying to figure out how to get into our system. So, you know, President Obama, before he left, he put a commission together. And they just came out with their results and all that. But I hope the Trump administration will pick up the recommendations and Tom Donilon headed this up. He used to be the national security advisor. And we get in the game and start getting some substantive legislation at the federal government. Because right now, we don't have anything. We have nothing. But I'd also like to see the federal government get in this education piece to what we just talked about. They ought to be incentivizing, helping us at the state level, incentivizing teachers, requiring us through new essay, requiring us to be doing things in our states on, we got to get in the game in America on this. Other nations are moving ahead. And we're unfortunately caught, you know, partisan gridlock in Washington. And that's why we're having to do this at the state level. So you asked how you can help me to call President Trump up. Say, get a hold of the Obama recommendations. But let us as America lead on cybersecurity. It's the biggest threat I think we face in our nation today. And listen, they're getting in, as I say, they tried to go after my 9-11 system. They're doing hospitals. They want to shut down water supplies. You can wreak havoc on a community very quickly. So we got time for one last question over here. But before you ask your question, I'll just say we were I was reading something last week about what is going to be the big innovation pull, right? Back to Sputnik, back to the sense of the moonshot and how much innovation that pulled obviously altogether, but then spilling out. And when you think about it that way, you know, defending ourselves in the cyber domain. And that's an ongoing process. And we'll just get more and more critical as we move to the Internet of Things. The way you frame it as a national challenge, it could be a major innovation pull. I mean, these new autonomous vehicles, they're going to be able to get into those, they will be able to get into drones. You worry that they might be able to get into our aircraft. Think what they could do. You get in our aircraft and you get in our nuclear subs. There's a lot of things that obviously we've got to worry about. We've got to worry about. Last question. Paul Joyo, NSI. Governor, thank you for your leadership in the Governance Association. Have you considered trying to get, go to the federal government to get a grant structure for states and in cyber security? We have it for Homeland Security. We have it for law enforcement. We don't have it for cyber. For states to come up, they need to have the funds to upgrade their IT departments, their staffing, et cetera. We have to find a mechanism to provide funds to states. They're not all as wealthy and fortunate as Virginia, but there's others that need help. Yeah, that's a great point. And when we met with the Senate the other day, this is the point we tried to make to them. Give us some performance grants. We can work with us, some shared things, federal state to do it because you're exactly right. The reason why a lot of states probably haven't done this is they didn't think about it. It's not in their budgets. Remember, as governors, we do not, we have to have balanced budgets. We don't, we're not like the federal government. We cannot run deficits. We have to balance every year. And for a lot of states with, you know, declining revenues and this disruptive economy and so forth, they don't have the money for certain states to be able to do what they need to do. And that's why we're trying to step up at the NGA to help them do this. But I couldn't agree with you more. If the one message we could get out of here, if we could convey is that the federal government needs to get their act together in this. The Congress of the United States of America needs to lead on this, incentivize us. You want to talk about infrastructure? I'll tell you, the best infrastructure you can spend on is cybersecurity to get all of us states up to where we need to be. And it should take, and the federal government needs to get into it. Because if we lag behind, we are going to pay 10 times the cost of them being able to get into one of our serious defense assets, intelligence assets, or whatever it may be, or just a water supply. And then, you know, how we react in this country. Then we'll just, you know, after 9-11, if you remember, money was no object. And there was money for all, everything. We need to do it at the front end before someone is seriously hurt in this country. But you're exactly right. The federal government should be doing grants. We tried to convey this. The governors, trying to get 50 governors to agree is never easy. We agree on a couple of things. And this is one area where we actually do agree on. So, Governor McCullough, you have made, listening to you, I think cybersecurity is about defense. It's about education. It's about jobs. And it's about the future. I can't imagine a better conversation for this conference. Thank you so much. Thank you, everybody.


Wow, that's a really good question and I think there's going to be a lot of changes in the next five to ten years. What we see today is not going to be recognizable in five to ten years. It's very important that we use a lot more technology. I think technology and even AI is going to have such an important role in the next five to ten years. When we think about just the sustainability of post, we've been challenged quite a lot over the last few decades and we've been trying to figure out what's that future and that future is constantly evolving and I think in the next five to ten years, especially with all of these new technologies, we are going to see post changing dramatically. The issue is are we ready for that change and I think UPU conferences like this and just the UPU in general is going to be really, really, really central to us figuring out how we move with all of this new technology and remain sustainable. And even when we think about the sustainable development goals and we talk about climate and how we are protecting climate as postal entities, it's going to be so important that we use a lot of these emerging technologies to assist us in moving forward in that goal of sustainability and still being relevant for our people all over the world.