Live from San Juan, Puerto Rico, it's theCUBE. Covering Blockchain Unbound. Brought to you by Blockchain Industries. Okay, welcome back everyone. This is theCUBE exclusive coverage of Puerto Rico. Covering Blockchain Unbound's global conference where token economics meets the real world, global society, Blockchain decentralized applications, and of course, cryptocurrency all kind of coming together. You got investors, you got developers, you got billionaires and millionaires, and you got the capital markets all rolled up into one. My next guest is Andrew Perrell, founder and CEO of Convergence, entrepreneur visionary experience, entrepreneur, welcome to theCUBE. Thank you very much for having me. So you're doing some really radical thing. I'm radical progressive.  You're reimagining gaming. Correct. Got a great team of people who have seen that movie before, literally seen the entertainment side of gaming, the pro gaming side to the tactical gaming side. Take a minute to explain what you guys are doing. That's super fascinating. How it works in this new era. So we're reimagining the entire game space. When I say that, I'm talking to the consumer side that sell phones all the way through consoles and PCs, out to the out of home entertainment side, which is arcades, location based entertainment and full blown theme parks and marrying them all together with one backbone platform that allows all of the devices to interact with each other in the same game space. So you can be in a $300,000 simulator at Disneyland, working with guys on cell phones, against guys in their head mounted displays. Any of that, they all work together in one game space. So basically the world is the device. Every device on the network, IP connection or mobile is a player, console, screen. You're connecting them all together. Right, hence convergence. Right, we're giving every device in the ecosystem its proper place and its proper prestige. Because if you got a $5,000 gaming rig, you don't think a guy with a $800 cell phone should be at the exact same level. But maybe 10 of the cell phones could be an equal match to you. All right, take me through a use case of how you're going to converge this all together. I'll see you talk to some purists out there. I got a 4K monitor. I don't want the cell phone guy coming in here. He's got lag, I got all kinds of gaming issues. Does that go away? Has it all worked? Well, what we're having to do is contextual based interfaces. Meaning that your roles and responsibilities in the game space is dependent on the devices that you bring in. Like virtual reality is not just the head-mount display. It's all the new gear coming out with the tackle feedback, the body suits, the gloves, the boots, the treadmills, all of that. So all of that you can, you have, your roles and responsibilities in each game space is dependent on the device that you enter with. So I was at Sundance this year and I had a theme out, I did a panel that I put together called The New Creative. And if you look at all the new artists out there, they want to break down the elite gatekeepers, right? I mean, the VR and augmented reality, virtual reality and augmented reality world is colliding with film, filmmakers. You got YouTubers out there with a million, 10 million subscribers, built-in audiences. There's new technology coming out. So a lot of people are bringing storytelling, filmmaking, and it's just really in the early stages right now. You can't, you just see how people love characters, but you start to see the new kind of format. So does this play into your world? Because I can imagine that if you're thinking to be disruptive in the way you're thinking is, new games are going to emerge. So it's not thinking about the old games, thinking about potentially new games. How do you view that?  What's your reaction to that trend of this new, multifaceted VR, AR, you know. We see that everybody is going to get to play together across every device. The developers are going to get rewarded for creating content. People are going to be rewarded for creating things inside the games. And the players are going to get rewarded for doing all the top things and getting to the top levels of all the games. And we're going to reward them through our cryptocurrency. All right, so I need you to get your opinion on this. We're in Puerto Rico, obviously, the Swiss world is going to another level.  But you're starting to see it go to the next level. In these early industries, you got the entrepreneurs and the promoters. The promoters promote the entrepreneurs and there's a lot of love going back and forth. But then they hit that threshold. The capital markets come in. You know, you start to see the opportunities that the money start flowing in. It's kind of happening now. So it's going to the next level. In your opinion, token economics, now that there's so much money flowing in, now that people see that it's blockchain's legit, now that people see that this is actually a new model. Not everybody, but majority of the people in the industry are all ready to nod on their heads. Okay, blockchain's got the potential. Token economics is a legit thing. It's disrupting capital structures. It's disrupting funding. How is it disrupting the gaming business? Can you share your opinion on that? People don't understand the overall impact. We didn't overall understand the overall impact. A lot of the investors coming in still don't fully understand the overall impact. And I was in a discussion the other day. I'd written some articles in Medium about token economics and about the virtuous circle of a token-based investment fund, meaning everything that it invests, all the fees, everything coming out of it is all based on a token inside of an ecosystem. We're about to head to GDC, Game Developers Conference. Just like Kevin Backus did for the Xbox, we're going out there to license and buy up all the content that we can through our tokens. Now the cool thing here, the thing that just makes the investment, the cash funds dead, is a dollar bill cannot change in value other than go down over time slightly. So we just say the dollar bill doesn't change in value. I was Kevin Backus back when the Xbox was coming out and I went and invested a million dollars in a hundred companies in crypto. Say the Xbox is crypto and you can only get to those games through the token, which is what we're doing. And I found Halo, which I know a hundred million people bought the Xbox just because of Halo. Then what that does for a cash fund is everybody pass each other on the back because you've got one game that's going to exit and that's kind of cool, but that's it. Doesn't affect the rest of the economy other than a nice network effect. Halo gets a hundred million users and the next guy might get five million of those or 10 million of those. That's a nice small impact. When you do it with crypto and you start out with a penny token that you put in a million dollars into a hundred companies and you find that Halo and it explodes, the penny token might go to 10 cents. So what you just did was you just 10xed what you invested in Halo. It's a futures contract on gaming. Well, kind of. I'm not going to talk to that point. I'm going to just talk about this example. Is you 10xed, you went from a million to 10 million into Halo, but you also did 10xed every single investment you just did. And you 10xed every person in that ecosystem that's involved in it, that's getting paid in it.  Everyone gets paid. Everybody gets 10xed because you found Halo. So that makes this whole ubiquitous ecosystem all involved with everybody else, meaning I get rewarded if you get rewarded. So everybody helps everybody else. That is exactly the model of token economics. It explodes because of that. It's so powerful. Well, this is interesting. The inefficiencies of the process that you pointed out the old way is eliminated by the new model. Hence the people who pick up the game are the participants who shorten that efficiencies. I had a guy the other day ask me, you're not asking for enough money with your ICO because you've got to go invest in all these companies. And I was like, you don't understand token economics. All I have to do is unlock the power of my token and invest with that. And I've already proven, we back in 2015, we proved that all the game companies or a lot of the game developers would take our token without it even having a second to do it. Well, I mean, you haven't even gone to a whole other dimension that you don't even have to go to now, but it's future is the role of consensus in these communities really also do the filtering at many levels. 100%. You know what Activision got there? Ask Hannah to them when they, you got the Reddit threads. All you got to do is look at the Reddit threads. You know, the whole gaming thing is no one wants to see games go corporate. Oh, exactly. Because they have to force a business model. 100%. This is a huge issue. People are losing their shirts. Oh, great creative studio. They sold out. Game's over. The audience flocks away. Why? Because they have no incentive. What we're doing, we actually, well, I agree 100%, but there's a lot of professional investors that don't. So we broke up some of our funds that we're investing into all these startups. We broke it up into 10 funds and we're going to turn it into a game. Because we're going to give one of the funds purely to our token holders and do a consensus model and let them vote on what they think we should, what should be on in our network. And they're going to go up against nine other investors in, to see, you know, I threw down the gauntlet. Whoever gets best wins the afterglosses. So are you raising money now or have you raised the token sale already? We're closing out our private presale and because of blockchain unbound, I doubt we'll actually hit the open market with the ICO. So people will have to go to our developers that we invest in and get the tokens through them somehow. So you've had good success, yeah? Yeah, yeah, it's been awesome. Blockchain unbound been a good success for you? Oh yeah, Brock Pierce is on board. He's been pushing behind us just since Cayman. Him and Crystal both fully supported us and we're having an awesome success. What's your advice to people out there scratching their heads? Andrew, give me the 101 on token economics. What's the bottom line? What do I need to know about? Where do I get started? What do I do? Once you get your token actually, say authenticated, realized everything's transparent and it gets on that secondary market, it's better to use that to invest in anything you need to invest in. Get everybody incentivized around your token, all your employees, all your vendors, everybody incentivized around that token. It's a thousand percent more powerful than a dollar because a dollar doesn't go up in value and your token can go up and down but it trends up and as soon as you find just one spark that blows up everybody, all boats rise equally, it's awesome. All right, Andrew Prell, CEO, reimagining gaming token economics is a disruptive force, there's math involved. Every company will need a chief economic officer. That'll be a new title. We'll be certainly seeing that out. Thanks for coming on theCUBE, appreciate it. I'm John Furrier, you're watching theCUBE. Exclusive coverage in Puerto Rico for Blockchain Unbound, part of our two-day wall-to-wall coverage. Thanks for watching, we'll be back with more after this short break.


You know something can be done better by others than you can do it, but you can still do it Some things can be done with greater confidence than you do it with but you can still do it Some people are more successful in doing something That you want to do, but you can still do it Other people doing well in something other people doing something before you did it doesn't mean you can't do it Because what makes it different is that you are doing it What makes the thing that you're doing different to them is you you are its unique x-factor Life is not a pie other people taking a piece doesn't diminish your peace Life is an ever-flowing river so do what's in your heart to do and don't overthink it. Cheers


Special meeting of the airport commission to order. March the fifth that I've got about eight minutes after 11. The first order is the. Motion to amend or adopt the agenda. Do I have a motion to adopt or accept. I'll move. Adoption and exception. Jeff use second. Second. All in favor aye. Public forum. Is there anybody I don't see anybody on. So we'll move on to the action items. Item 4.01. Response grant and budget neutral amendment. I assume that would be Marie. Or who's going to take that? Or we just going to move on. Dean, would you like me to speak to this? Okay. Okay. All right. So we are excited to be getting another round of this. We'll call it cares act to money, right? The stimulus money that is coming from the, the government has given it to the FAA. And they've had a formula. To give it to airport. So we haven't received, we don't have a grant in hand, but this is going to give us permission to go ahead and sign the contract. So we're going to go ahead and sign the contract. The money that is coming under the second stimulus package is being the majority of it is very, very similar to the cares act money. And we're calling it the Chris. Money.  To help concessionaires. So it total of these two grants that are coming. So the second stimulus package is $4 million and $4,000. And we're really excited by that. So we're expecting to get those grants whenever they issue them, but we've applied for them to let them know that we do indeed need them and want them. The second aspect of this particular memo here and what we're putting forth in front of you, since we're getting additional monies, we did find that we had several accounts that, you know, I keep monitoring them to see where our spending is. And we built a very, very tight budget when we brought forth this budget for this fiscal year. We have some accounts that are running very low in funds that are not going to cover all the required expenditures that we need to do. These are safety, a lot of these are safety related things or monitoring requirements under the airfield. And so we thought it was a good time to bring forward and amend our expense budget for those items that we know we need additional funding in. We're not recognizing that we're going to use all this revenue that we need. We may, but we're, we're just recognizing a part of the revenue on from the counting standpoint, but we want permission to go ahead and be able to sign those grants as soon as we receive them. And that is what we're asking the commission to do today. Any questions. Can you just talk a little bit about the, the component to get sessionnaires and what does that, what does that mean exactly? Is that like skinny pancake or is it? What is that? So I'm happy to do that. The, as part of this, they wanted to emphasize and give some relief to the concessionaires at the airports, knowing that they're all, they are also hurting. And they wanted to kind of, we get this money in, but we don't distribute it directly to the concessionaires. So this was an attempt by the government, by the FAA to provide some relief. So what we're doing is we're taking a look at our concessionaires, which would look at, you know, the primary ones that are renting. This is not the airlines. Okay. This is going to be like the car rental companies, Hudson news. We'll taking a look at skinny. We're taking a look at the primary concessionaires that we have in our terminal that are paying like, we'll call them minimum annual guarantees. And we're, we've come up, we're coming up with a fair, we have to allocate it fairly across. So we've identified that population of those concessionaires, and they will be spreading this $147,000. So it's going to provide some relief to them, which is they badly need it as well. So it's a good thing. Are they also eligible to apply for their own. Grants independent of the airport. That's a great question. And I don't know what, what other stimulus package are available to them. I know that skinny has done quite well. With the PPP and I think they've had, they've also been very entrepreneurial. They've made, they've gotten a lot of work from the state and been making meals, you know, for folks. So I think they're going to probably be one of the success stories when this is done. You know, I think they've done well. I think that's the news on the other hand, I don't think has gotten as much and received as much and it's certainly been asking and talking to us about it. And we're, you know, we just don't really have anything to give anybody, but what we're going to be getting. And they will get their percentage of whatever this is. It's not a lot of money compared to what their sales have been, but it's a token and it's something that's coming from, you know, the, through the FAA. Who decides who gets what percentage of the money gene? Does the airport. That we have to follow. So basically look at everything and then we, it'll be allocated by a formula. So it's not like we really have a choice. We have formulas to follow and we will follow those. Give them what they are able to get. And then we're going to be able to, we're going to be able to do that. We're going to be able to do that. This doesn't have to go through the city administration or council. Does it. I don't believe so, but it really depends on how much it is. Okay. All right. What do you think. So the grant and permission to sign these grants. We are obviously, we're bringing forth to the board of finance city council for authorization to sign these grants and amend the budget. And then we're going to be able to do that. And then we're going to be able to do that. So the grant and permission that we give to the concessionaires, if that has to go down. Yes. That doesn't not. We'll have the authority under this to what we do need to require. We will put together our allocation based on those formulas and the percentages. We have to submit that to the FAA. They will sign off on it. They want to make sure everybody's doing it fairly. So just because if we, we can't. Say, I like this car rental company more. So we're, we're, we're going to do that. And once we get the grant, we'll be submitting our application on how we want to fairly and squarely allocate these funds and the FAA will sign off on it. And then we'll be able to apply it. Um, toward, you know, outstanding. Like we'll be able to apply it toward upcoming payments in lieu of having to pay us back. They won't have to pay us some part of it. And then we get that money back from the FAA. That's how it's going to work. All right. Any other questions. So let's. Move this forward. Do I have a. I move approval. Second Jeff. Yep. All in favor. Aye. Aye. 4.02. Excuse me. I'm reading from my. That's a row associates lease. So do we have a. A motion and then we'll have discussion. I'll move it. Second. That's a second. All right. Who's going to explain this. Please. Do you want me to do that? Yeah, go ahead. Not too much to this one. This is a simple office lease. The building is right next to the air traffic control tower underneath in the brick portion of it. Yeah. Single single office down there. Okay. So. Yeah. Sarah associates is actually an aviation consultant. We use them quite a bit. Mostly through our master planning and some other planning and environmental pieces that we have here. And, and they're starting up a new office in the Vermont area. So this is a simple office lease for that space. What's the terms. It's going to be a month to month term. So it's a, about $5,000. Excuse me. All the utilities are in it on them. And it's a month to month term and a pretty small area over there. Okay. Questions. All right. All in favor. Hi. Hi. 4.03. UIC permit management. Compliance. Assistance. Helen, would you like to. I'll move it. Yeah. Right. I see Jeff. Yeah. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm not. Notting or showing. Are you going to second? Okay. Discussion. I assume this would be Larry. Larry, you're on mute. Sorry about that. Yeah. This is a couple of years ago. We came before you and got approval for a, a one-year extension on the previous contractor doing this. This is to do all the monitor reporting. And then we're going to do the monitoring and checks of ground water and surface water related to the underground injection control system, which consists of four underground injection control systems, which are big leech fields that take the storm water. That during the winter months is, has glycol in it and injects it into the ground. We have down gradient monitoring wells that monitor that to ensure compliance that we're not impacting. And then we're going to do the monitoring and check the water. This, we, we put it out for an RFP. We received, I think this one was, we received seven or eight proposals, very competitive. And we selected this. They're all qualified. This contractor. On average is $27,000 a year more than what we were paying. So it's. So we're moving forward. So we don't have to do this every year because it's a lot of work for these, because there's so many permits and stuff. But we're not going to be able to do that. So that's a lot of work. I think we're going to have to do this every year. We're going to have to do this every five years. Five years. Five year term on this. Questions from anyone. That sounds very reasonable, by the way. Yeah. Can, can you just. I read everything. And I thought it was a $27,000 savings. Did I get that wrong. Per year. Yes. Oh, I thought you just said it was $27,000 more. I mean. Yeah. Okay. No, it's 27 per, per year. Yeah. I just wondered if I read it wrong. You're right. He did say that. No further questions on this motion. All in favor. Hi. Hi. Motion passes. 4.04 storm order permit management. Sounds very similar to what we just discussed. Right. The. Do you want me to go? Yes, please. All right. Obviously. The airport has significant stormwater infrastructure, hundreds of manholes, large scale. Infiltration. Basins and outfalls that have to be monitored. Sampled all the same things as the UIC, but this is surface water versus groundwater. And this is another. Again, we, this time we received a seven or eight proposals. We ended up. Going through our selection process similar to the UIC. And we selected EIV to do this. And this is a savings of $69,000 a year. On average over the next five years compared to what we were paying or would have paid with the previous contractor. So again, you know, between the two, I think we've been talking about a, hopefully $100,000 a year. To the airport by putting a lot of effort into this and getting this results. That. Makes sense. Does. Yeah. Any questions. Jeff, Jeff, one thing, one thing, which wasn't part of everybody's review when we did the evaluation, both these DBEs and women owned businesses, which we have a plan at the airport. So, so that's just an interesting note that, that both these contractors are women owned businesses. Well, that's fantastic. Yeah. Absolutely. Congratulations on that. So let's. Ready to vote on this storm order. All in favor. I'll move the approval. Sorry. Where's bill when I need him. All in favor. Aye. 4.05. Again, we have an agreement. Storm order system with. South Burlington. Yeah. Yeah. I'll move the approval. Sorry. Where's bill when I need him? All in favor. Aye. Thank you. Mr. Yes, please. All right. So the multiple permits that are being monitored or managed from what we just spoke about, we have this permit called them. Municipal separate storm water system, which has a requirement of a flow respiration plan, which recommends best management practices. specific project relates to the Potash Brook and its clean assistance and cleanup. Back years ago, before I was here, there was a memorandum of agreement sign that we would work with South Burlington to improve surface water around the area. So that was signed. So this is part of this. This is about a, if you go down on the corner of Airport Drive and Airport Road, as you're pulling off Bulliston Road, right on the corner, there's a lot. There will be basically a 31 foot by 103 foot leach field. It's not the chambers that they did on DuPont underneath the ground in infiltration basin with a few diversion structures underground that will take that flush of dirty water and treat it before it gets released back to the stormwater system, which improves the water quality of the Potash Brook and ultimately Lake Champlain. Just for good information on top of that, back when this agreement was signed, the airport wasn't gonna be allowed to take advantage of all the millions of dollars in improvements we've made over the last couple of years on our stormwater improved because they were proposed projects. However, over the last year, we worked to get the state to agree that our projects, because there was impervious area, before we did these projects, it was just new impervious area, which was about the same size, which allowed us, so now they're gonna allow us to count. So we've always had the option to go at our own, but also work with South Burlington. Any questions? I know there's a lot there. So this is a big leach field underground. You won't see it. And it's to help treat stormwater before it's released to the Potash Brook. Is this the picture that has a, let me call it a rec path that goes over it, or is that the next one? There is, if, Helen, as you might know, we've gone through the master planning process for our landscaping plan as part of the airport because every time we do a project at the airport, there has to be so much, a building project contributed to landscaping. So we needed an out to spend money on landscaping where we couldn't do it in the immediate area of projects.  Oh, okay. Down the road and we're working, that's just another whole thing we're doing. Okay, that's not built yet, but that's a proposal, or you just- A little coming phases. You'll see where we're gonna be before the South Burlington DRB soon on the first phase, the entrance off Wilston Road and airport, I mean, yeah, airport drive for our first phase of the landscaping master plan in the next few weeks. Thank you. So I guess I'll move to approve 4.05, the agreement. Second. All in favor? Aye. Aye. Number 4.06, digital IETS contract with AAAE. Who is gonna take- I'll move it if you wanna do that first. Okay, that's fine.  All right now, explain these alphabet soups to us. Shelby and Nick will go over that for you. Okay. The AAAE IETS system, you mean? Yes, please. So AAAE means American Association of Airport Executives. We work with them, they host many, many conferences for the industry all over the country. They help us in legislative issues as well as training conversations. So that's what AAAE is. The IETS is the Interactive Employee Training System, which is exactly what it implies. It's an online interactive video training system. When anybody comes here, an airline employee, Hudson News, a private pilot, heritage aviation, you name it, we require, so does FAA and so does TSA, requires SIDA training or secured identification area training specific to how you and where you walk and drive out on our airfield. This program will allow us to completely put our training material, our videos are unique and we're gonna actually have quite a bit of our own staff videoing a lot of this material so that these employees can take this training online versus what we have been doing, which was in the classroom training, which as you can imagine is not appropriate during COVID. This is gonna be a huge benefit to us to not only follow COVID procedures, which we've been doing these trainings over Zoom, which is not the most ideal situation, but over time it's gonna help us create a more efficient, better flow and a much higher level of training for SIDA, for that security zone, for driving out on our airfield into different zones that we have identified out on the airfield. So that's what all of this is, is putting it all, packaging it all so that somebody can take, so employees can take this training online, receive their proper training. There's a couple of residual trainings after this that are more practical, like actually driving with myself or some of our operation staff and then getting the credentials they need to work at this airport. Does this have a continuing education component to it? It really doesn't, no. Some of AAAE offers a lot of that, like during some of their conference type of stuff, but this is strictly a TSA and an FAA requirement to receive the credentials needed to be employed at this airport or any airport for that matter. This is not just unique to our airport. Okay. By the way, I wholeheartedly endorse this. This is, I think, so important to what we represent and what next new job is increasing the safety and the proficiency of the people that are out there. It's confusing, it's stressful, and there's always room for error and the better you can teach the topic. So the more proficient the people are that are out there, we want them to feel like this is second nature to them and this will allow us to achieve, we believe those goals, it should come natural. It should be more exact, it should be our airport. You know, the topic, the way the material is now, I think it really depends how you learn, but this will allow us to really be in the person's mind, we'll be learning with them, we'll be able to change it. It's the right tool for today for BTB and I'm very excited personally to see this and also to up what I think will be the safety level. We are very safe already, but I think it'll make it that much more safe. Great. Thank you. So all in favor of the last item, 4.06. Aye. Aye. So before we adjourn, I'd like to say go cats go, they play tomorrow at four o'clock on ESPN plus. I second that, all in favor. All in favor, aye. So do I have a motion to adjourn? Go move. Oh, Larry. I have a clarification, Helen, just to further answer your question, you did see that on the plan, but that was just to show that once it ever gets built that path, it's not impacted by this system or this system's not impacting our ability to. Okay. Yeah. Thanks. Thank you. All right. Okay. It was a PS. Okay. Thank you. All in favor to adjourn. We did it. Let's go. Okay. Good weekend. Yeah. Bye.


Do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do Welcome to the Curious Strat Show for Curious Kids of all Ages, where there's always a song and no question is wrong. All right, so I think you might have caught on, but every time we sing this first song, the last verse will introduce the topic of the day. So let's start with the eagle, right, thank you. Here we go. A giraffe looked over at eagle and said, why was I born to walk? Why were you born to fly? The eagle just shrugged, and gave a high five. Yeah, we all share one big sky, oh yeah, share one big sky, share one big sky. Give the world a big high five. Yeah, we're different and we know it, but we all get along. Cause we can all share, and we can all share. We're different but we all belong. Giraffe looked over at zebra and said, why do I have spots? Why do you have stripes? Zebra just shrugged and said, we're coming all right. But we all share one big sky, oh yeah, share one big sky, share one big sky. Give the world a big high five. Yeah, we're different and we know it, but we all get along. Cause we can all share, and we can all share. We're different but we all belong. Giraffe looked over at jaguar and said, why am I so tall? Why are you so fast? Zebra just shrugged and said, it's all a blast. And we all share one big sky, oh yeah, share one big sky, share one big sky. Give the world a big high five. Yeah, we're different and we know it, but we all get along. Cause we can all share, and we can all care. We're different but we all belong. Giraffe looked over at turtle and said, why do I live in the open? Why do you live in a shell? Turtle just shrugged and said, they won't soon as well. But we all share one big sky, oh yeah, share one big sky, share one big sky. Give the world a big high five. Yeah, we're different and we know it, but we all get along. Cause we can all share, and we can all care. We're different but we all belong. Alright, so that last verse said, why do I live in the open? Why do you live in a shell? So what do you think our new topic will be today? Aurelia. Homes. Homes, where we live? And what's the same and what's different? Now, I have a beautiful turtle today that I'm going to share with you. But for real, this turtle has been well loved. And yes, one eye is gone. But we love our turtle just the way it is, just like we love our families and even our homes. Sometimes maybe something's not quite right, but we're still glad to have them. So, I guess we'll start turtle around this way. And so, times, we have more than one home. So, I'm going to just ask you to think about one of the homes that you have known well and lived in. Choose and have you always lived in that home? Let's think for a minute and then let's have your thoughts. What's the definition of like home?  Or is it like just somewhere where you just apparently live? Or is it just someone you just go to a place and you like it?  Awesome. Awesome. Okay, let's talk together. What is home? You want to respond, Monet. Most likely a place you feel safe in. Oh, I like that. You feel nice and comfortable and you aren't stiff. Right. Right. You aren't stiff there. You're comfortable there. What else about your home? Well, it's also a place where you live and you can go to after you're like, it's say, if you were out and then you can also go back to it. It's like a place you can always go to. Yes. Yes. All right. So, your homes now, have you always lived in the same home? No. Really? Would you like to tell us about some of the homes you've lived? I've lived in a lot of homes. Yes, a lot. Me too. I've had a lot of homes too. Go ahead. Tell us about it. So, I have two homes now. I have my dad's house and my mom's. And I moved a lot with my mom. Yeah. I don't know. And we're moving again.  So, I just want you to know that my children and I also, my children went back and forth to their dad's home and my home and we moved a lot of times too. So, I really know what it's like and I hope you enjoy your next home. All right. My new home was the one I was born at. It was the one you were born at. It had a huge backyard and it was awesome. You love the yard.  Sounds like a long way. More name. Well, me, Max and Xavier, we moved once because we lived in our house and we were like babies and stuff. We had moved at three years old because the house was too small. So, we had to move to a bigger one. Right. And so, I've been living at the house I currently live in since I was three. Oh, great. Great. But you did. Your family needed to move because you needed more space. Yeah. That's a good reason for moving. Maya and then you. Well, I think I moved when I was a baby, I think I moved, I think I moved three times, but when I was a baby, I think I moved to Northampton on all of the street and then after that, I moved to the house I'm living in now, which I love the best. Great. It's nice to love your home. Yes, Max. Because baseline definitions, one of my versions of home I'm not trying to be funny would be GameStop. Because you spend a lot of time there. Yeah. And you feel comfortable there. Sometimes, yeah. And I have a lot of fun. So I'm like, definitely I should have moved. So that feels home-like to you. I can go with that. Maya, did you want to say something about your home? I moved one time. Okay. I moved from all the way from Philadelphia to here. That's a big move. Philadelphia is in this. And I moved when I was like, I moved when I was two and a half. Two and a half. Do you remember moving? Yes. Wow. I've always been curious when our memories start. Sorry. All right. So I have invited someone who works very hard to help people to have a home. Some of us who have always had a home, we take it for kind of for granted. But many of us, including my own family, could use a little help in figuring out how to have a home so their kids can feel safe and secure and have a good place to come home to. So I have invited Megan McDonough from the Pioneer Nally Habitat for Humanity. Megan. Hi, Dorothy. Thank you so much for coming. We are so glad you can be here. Now, Megan's job is as the executive director. So she is the person that people come to to learn more and more about it. So that's why I called and invited her. So I'm going to let her have my seat and she's going to share with you. And if you have any questions, now is the time to ask them. Thanks, Dorothy. Okay. Thanks, everybody, for taking the time to learn more about Habitat for Humanity. So we build houses in the community with volunteers. And Dorothy actually has been one of our volunteers before. So I was really excited that she called up for me to come and talk to you guys. The thing that we do that everybody knows the most about is we build houses. So this is a picture of a house that we built up in Turner's Falls and the family that was going to buy this house. So what we do is we raise, we do a lot of fundraising and we get a lot of volunteers to help out and we can make the house as affordable as possible because buying a house can be really expensive. And sometimes people, even if they're hard working and they have a job, they can't always afford to buy a house. And some people live in a house where they have too many people for the home that they're in. So there'll be maybe three kids in a bedroom and it's too crowded. So they want to try and buy a home, but they can't afford it. So one of the things that we do is we try and make it affordable so that someone can buy a house. But we couldn't do it without the community, without a bunch of people volunteering. Do you have a question? Yeah, what type of houses do you build? So we build mostly new houses. And this is a picture of a house that we're going to be building in Amherst. So next year we're going to start building these, this is going to be two homes that are attached down the middle. So it's called a duplex. They're all framed with wood. So we get volunteers with hammers and nails. And then we insulate them really well so that people will have low electric bills and heating bills. A picture of the house before you actually build it. Well, that is pretty cool, isn't it? So there is an architect here in Amherst that used a computer program to make this. So he drew this in a computer.  So we always look for places to build houses that will be good places for homes. So we wouldn't want to build a house where there was habitat for an animal. Or we wouldn't want to build a house on some place that was going to take away farmland. We're building this house right here in a place called Hawthorne Farm. But there was an old house here that got torn down. So we're building this new one exactly on the spot where the old house was. So we're not taking away any extra land. And it's right near the university so people will be able to get to the college. They'll be able to go to jobs. There's, you know, buses, people can walk places. So we thought that was a good spot for a house. That's a good question, though. How long does it usually take for you to build a house? It takes us a long time because we don't do it every day. So when a construction company builds a house, they have a whole lot of workers who come, you know, five days a week and are building all day long. We tend to build about three days a week. So like Thursdays, Saturdays, and Sundays is what we're doing right now at our project in East Hampton. So we think it's going to take us about a year and a half to build that house. Here's a picture of some of the volunteers that are building a house right now in East Hampton. And you'll notice that there's a lot of women in this picture, which is one thing that we try and promote as well, is because there's not as many women who usually do construction. But we think that women should have an opportunity to learn and build as well. So we got most of the people doing the construction on this house are women. Just last week we had this many people there all installing the insulation. So we had about 50 people helping out then one day. Do you need any specific skill to volunteer to help construct the house? So you have to be at least 16 years old to help construct the house because there's labor laws that say children aren't supposed to do dangerous things like construction work. But there aren't any specific skills. We always look for people who have lots of good skills to lead the crews, but then we take people who are unskilled so that they can learn more. When you guys are in high school, we also work with the technical high schools. So the Smith Vocational Technical School, which is over in North Hampton, they're doing all the plumbing for this house. So those kids are going to be helping to build the homes. Do you have a note?  All right. Well, if you do. Oh, yes, I do. I forgot it for like two seconds. What do you do to volunteer? Like what do people do when they are volunteering? That's a good question. So what we ask everyone who wants to volunteer is that they go to an orientation and you can sign up on our website. I think that when this show is being produced, they'll put the website up there so everybody who's watching can go to the website. And at the orientation, we tell people how to sign up. So volunteers come and like on this day, they went to the construction site and helped insulate, put the insulation inside the house. But we also have volunteers who do things that aren't at the construction site. We have volunteers who help us raise money. We have volunteers who help us plan for our next project. We have volunteers who help the new homeowners learn how to be a homeowner. So there's a lot of different things people can do. How do you raise money though? What do people do to raise money? Well, Dorothy's got other things to talk about here too, it looks like. I like your questions, everybody. Yeah, you know, Aurelia, I love that we have started the conversation and that you have more questions. And I can show, I can answer some of those and I can put you in touch with Habitat. And that's what Megan has described to us, that on the show there will be the contact information for all people who would like to know how to raise the money and how to be a part of this wonderful, wonderful effort in our community. So thank you, Megan. Yes, thank you, Dorothy, and thank you everybody for your good questions. All right. So, Aurelia, I'm delighted that your mind is going now. That's what's curious. The curious giraffe and now a curious turtle are curious Georgia and curious George. Oh, I didn't realize we created a curious George. Okay. I just figured that out. Yes. Okay, now I'd like you to try a song about Habitat that was written, the first verse was written by a man who he and his wife were part of the volunteers and support team at Habitat and he wrote the first verse. I liked it so much that I added more verses. So we're going to sing Habitat Hits, the nail on the head. There's always going to be those three beats. So get your hammers ready and let's begin. Habitat Hits, the nail on the head. Hand rain home, what the golden rule said. Do unto others as you have them do. Habitat Hits, the nail on the head. Habitat Sauce, the line on the board. Making a home someone can afford. Do unto a Habitat Sauce. The line on the board. Habitat builds, the walls all around. Making them strong and making them sound. Do unto a, the walls all around. Habitat puts the roof over. It's a home that you own. Do unto a Habitat Hits. You build your own home. So that says a lot, but it sings my joy of knowing how neighbors can help neighbors in all kinds of ways. Now it's time for our exercise stretch. Let's put the animals to rest here for a minute. Okay, good. All right, everybody stand up and stretch. All right, good. Okay, let's start with our legs. Let's bend down low. Exercise your body. Exercise your body. And exercise your mind. Learn exercise kind. Very nice, have a seat. Okay. Now, today's mystery box has a story in it, as usual. But it's a little bit different. It's a story that grows. How many of you have ever heard the story, the house that Jack built? No? When I was growing up, that was in... But we're going to do the house that Habitat built. And we're going to create the story together. So, I'm going to just start with... Oh, I have to do a page to help. Okay, I'm going to ask, when I hand you part of the story, if you hold it so that it can be seen, okay? And just hold it still, and you'll know what to do with it, okay? Ready? This is the house that Habitat built. And you all say it after me. This is the house that Habitat built.  Ready? This is the mother who worked on the house that Habitat built. And this is the house that Habitat built. Hold it up there so it's easy to see. Okay? Ready? This is the team who supported the mother. Everybody? This is the team who supported the mother. This is the mother who worked on the house. This is the house that Habitat built. Alright, good. Interesting, we had a question about the land. This is the land that was given to the team who supported the mother who worked on the house that Habitat built. Alright, good. Now, I was thinking lumber, and I was thinking this could be like the kitchen or nails, lumber and nails, great. These are the materials that were brought to the land, the land that was given to the team who supported the mother who built the house that Habitat built. Okay, this is harder than I thought, but we're doing alright. Okay, now, these are the businesses. These are different businesses, business names in our Pioneer Valley. These are the businesses who supplied the materials that were brought to the land that was given to the team who supported the mother who worked on her house, the house that Habitat built. Okay, and who are we up to? Okay, we'll come back this way. Alright, these are the volunteers who worked with the materials that the businesses supplied. How did I do that? These are the volunteers. That's okay. Grownups make mistakes too. That's one of my best things as a teacher is saying. It's okay to make mistakes. Did you figure it out, Mia? How should it go? Okay, go ahead. These are the volunteers. These are the volunteers that the businesses support. Alright, I'm going to go a little quicker now. Okay, these are the volunteers that were glad for the businesses who gave the materials for the land and that the team used to support the mother who worked on the house that Habitat built. Okay, and I'm going to do the last few. I'll just hold them. Okay, I'll do the extras.  Okay, this is the contractor who trained the volunteers who were glad for the businesses that contributed the materials for the land and the team who supported the mother who worked on the house that Habitat built. Okay, and these are the donations that helped the contractor to ask the businesses for the materials to bring to the land to give... Oh, this is hard. I hope the kids at home can follow this. Alright, this is the donations that the contractor used to train the volunteers to thank the businesses who provided the materials for the land and the team who supported the mother who built the house that Habitat built. And the very last part of the story is these are the kids who get to live in the house that Habitat built. Alright. Wow, we have to... That's for Dorothy to write any new ideas with. That actually can go with our other giraffe friends. We can put everything together on the land. Let's do it on the land. Go ahead, put them things together. So this is... It should be right there. Nothing. Alright, there you go. Put the house there. I'm going to put the house here. Alright, so we're going to have to finish up but a house becomes a home when there's love there. Everybody, sit back please. Why don't you put your pieces there. And we're going to have our last song. Don't you go find a house. Don't put the money drop again. The money's important. Okay, it's all important. Every piece of that is important. Very nice. So once there's a house, it becomes a home when the family moves in and the love is there. So let's sing this last song. It's like tucking this new family into their home. Ready? Home is where the heart is Where I lay me down It's the place I know the best It's the place I feel most settled Sates that sound in my... Where I lie and lay Let's just hum a little. Thank you for joining us today and considering all the curious things they are to learn about our own homes and about other homes. So everybody, let's say goodbye. Bye. Join us for the Curious Giraffe Show for Curious Kids of All Ages. It's the place I learn forgiveness It's the place acceptance Even all...


Hello, I welcome you all once again to my channel Explore Education, and I am Dr. Harsh Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, S.S. Khanna, Girls to Be Called, University of Palahar. And today I am going to discuss a topic on history of vocationalization of education in India. And the lecture will be in bilingual mode and it must be useful for various teaching examinations, your competitive teaching examinations, and your regular and professional B.A.M.M. and B.A.M.M. courses. Okay. So, let's start. First of all, vocationalization of education. When we read levels of education, when we talk about private and secondary higher education, we read that there is a need for vocationalization in secondary education. Or in secondary education, it is said that vocationalization of education should be done. Why should vocationalization of education be done? It should be done because you would know that in India, there is a very high level of enrollment in higher education, which is G.T.R.H.E.R. because in normal cases, higher education is more than 25-27 percent. N.E.T. is not 20-20. It is thought that we should take it to the goal of 50 percent. But you also know that it will take time. That is the reality. Now, it must have increased a little. There will be more rooms. That is that almost one-fourth child, one-fourth student, which we read in higher education and three-fourth students break their education. When we know that we know that after secondary education, they will not pursue their studies, then secondary education should be like this. When they finish secondary education, they can become self-reliant. They can become a vocation, they can become a part of an occupation, they can become an entrepreneur, they can start a startup, they should reach such a high level of secondary education. Children should be given an option to become a student. After vocationalization, it is not going well from today. Then, before pre-independence period, the commissions and committees they also said that education should be done. See, I started with Woods Dispatch in 1864. It is more than 1500 years ago. It is more than 2000 years ago. It was around 175 years ago. You can make a mistake. 200 years ago, we were talking about how education should be done. Even today, we can't make education an education. This is a very unfortunate issue for education. So, let's start with Woods Dispatch. Woods Dispatch, which came in 1864 for the first time highlighted the need for a production of occupational education for a good number of students. So, Woods Dispatch highlighted the need for a good number of students to be able to do vocational education. We should introduce them. Sorry. Persistent efforts were made to influence the reform by introducing non-literary vocational education in the secondary stage. A lot of efforts were made to reform, to improve the lines, to move away from literary education to a non-literary vocational high secondary education level. It is quite obvious that the voices before 1882 remained unnoticed until the Hunter Commission was set up in 1882 to examine the problems of education in general and technical and vocational education in particular. I mean, this was said in 1864. But until 1882, until the Hunter Commission was set up, to know the problems of general education and technical and vocational education, it was unnoticed until 1882. There was no special work. Then, when the Hunter Commission was set up in 1882, the Hunter Commission recommended that at the high school stage, there ought to be the distinctive streams of education. Hunter Commission said that at the high school level, the education should definitely be distinct. Two distinct streams, that is, the two streams of education that are different from each other should be different. What should one do? One, for preparing the students for higher education. The one stream should prepare the students for higher education. That is, those who want to study higher education should go there. And the other, for practical occupation. Which means practical, some work should be done in the business, some work should be done in the business. Those who are not pursuing higher education, then the unemployment will be over. In other words, it emphasizes the bifurcation of courses of the upper classes of the high school. They say that in the upper classes of the high school, we should bifurcate the courses of the high school so that those who want to pursue higher education can take these courses, and the other practical application of course. One, leading to the entrance examination of the universities, that is, you will crack the university entrance examination in the other form of practical life, preparing youth for commercial and non-educational pursuits. And the second course, that can be used to live a life of birth, can be used for commercial purposes, can be used for non-educational pursuits. After this, in 1882, what happened then? Heart of committee. Heart of committee comes in 1929. What is it suggesting? It is also suggesting diversification of curricula and diversion of students into industrial and commercial carriers. They are saying that you diversify curricula. Diversify, diversify, diversify, diversify, diversify. What does it spread? How can students be able to change the industry of commercial carriers? The outcome of this recommendation was that provincial governments started technical, commercial and agricultural high schools and also began to give large grants to assist schools which provided for literary courses. This development helped in the introduction of some effective methods for providing alternative vocational or pre-vocational courses at this again. So, this development helped and it helped in the development of sub-vigha plan. We have also developed a new method to help students who are who are not educated, who are not educated, who are not educated, who are not educated, who are not educated, who are not educated, who are not educated, who are not educated, who are not educated, who are not educated, who are not educated, who are not educated, who are not educated, who are not educated, who are not educated, who are not educated, who are not educated, who are not educated, who are not educated, who are not educated, academic high schools and technical high schools. So I said what would be academic high schools? You will see the structure in arts and sciences. But what would be technical high schools? They will train you in applied sciences as well as industrial and commercial subjects. I mean all of you are talking about the diversified courses. Teach the students of internationalization so that they can go to university education in a pure academic way. If you don't want to go, you can teach them some science. So when are you going to go to India? Then you will get the freedom. And after that you will get a mission which is made for secondary education. It is also said that it is recommended to diversify. It is also said that diversify and for that they have suggested multi-purpose schools. The concept of multi-purpose schools has come to Madagya commission. It is said that make a multi-purpose school which is meant to provide terminal courses in technology, commerce, agricultural, fine arts and home science. It is said that there are many ways to teach them. Children have different ways. Their interest is different. Their attitude is different. And you are teaching them the same way. If they don't want to go to higher education, then leave them in the middle. Make them incomplete. So make them complete. Make them feel that they are able to do something. And help to divert students through different forms of life and reduce the pressure of university threats. And university influence will also reduce the pressure. Because not everyone can go to university without university education. So you will reduce the pressure if you make multi-purpose schools. That is what Madagya commission has made. Then comes Kothari commission which came in 1964. And it is said that the most significant element of the Kothari commission report was its explicit observational education being the major and vital tool for development on the linking of education to productivity. The most significant of its contribution was its observation. That education should be connected with productivity. Education should be connected with self-confidence. That should not be unproductive, not only bookish, not only theoretical. The main recommendations of the commission are relevant to vocational education. If we look at vocational education or the basic education, what are the recommendations? N plus 2 plus 3 system of education came from Kothari commission because NEP 2020 has changed 5 plus 3 plus 2 plus 4 has changed. What is this? It has changed.  I am confused. And work experience is in 10 years of general education. In general education, work experience is provided. There is no skill to work experience. The concept of work experience is in Kothari commission. And vocationalization and plus 2 stage give the possible coverage of 50% of the enrollment therein. They say that you should teach your child vocationalization and try to get 50% of the enrollment therein. That is, if there are 100 children, then at least 50 children need to learn vocationalization. So in the name of program of action, they have made a new timeframe. They say that you should give 10% to 25% to 10% of the enrollment therein. The committee of Ram Moti is saying that work should be the medium of education and it should be reflected through the content and process of education at all levels. The work experience is that you should teach your child vocationalization and what will happen to vocationalization? Vocationalization also provides students the feeling of dignity of labor. It will be important for the child. He will feel that it is not bad to do this. Vocationalization to all students will entrain social mobility. We study mobility through social mobility. If we do vocationalization and learn something good in social mobility, and last but not the least in our own very recent NEP 2020 vocationalization the NEP 2020 has also given special emphasis on vocational education through integration and mainstreaming of vocational education he is saying that vocational education should be associated with general education which will help students in acquiring various skills to meet the needs of industries and to improve the quality of education. The Department of School Education and Literacy will implement the scheme of vocationalization of school education. This will implement the vocationalization scheme under the centrally sponsored scheme Samagra Shiksha. The service that came out was done on the first night and then on the second day and then it was done on the higher stage. Samagra Shiksha has covered the department of school education and literacy which will implement vocationalization. The purpose of this is to connect vocational education and academic education to the secondary, senior, secondary skills so that the child's employability and entrepreneurial capabilities will increase. He will get exposure for the environment. He will be able to create awareness in the child. And under the scheme NSQF in the framework, compliant vocational courses are offered to these students from class 9 to 12 in schools covered under the scheme. So in this way, it is said that to revamp the scheme of Samagra Shiksha, connect it with NSQF, connect it with vocational and general education and with new interventions, you will get vocational education. Under the scheme, the employability model has been made a part of the vocational course. So you will get a skill that you can be employable and you can get employment. So this was the program, this was the history. From 1824 to 2020. It is a long time and you see that from 1824 the same thing is going on, the same thing is going on. You give vocational education. The need for secondary education means that you teach that child who is pursuing in higher education so that he can be employed in the field of vocational education so that he can be employed in the field of vocational education. So we will hope we can hope that we will get this very soon in the education system of the country, the education system of the community. So this was the history, vocationalization of education or the history of You


Do you ever wonder what happens when the police leave? Crime scene cleaners are private companies that handle the cleanup after the police are gone. Spalling Decon is one of the nation's largest cleanup companies handling the aftermath of homicides, suicides, decompositions, hoarding, and much more. These are our stories. We are here in Anthony, Florida. It's actually our first COVID victim. He passed away about 10 days ago now, was found after eight days. We ran that horse, though. That's what I would really love to do. God. You hit the horse? Have you never seen a horse before? I've seen a horse. It's okay, honey. I've never seen a horse. Don't worry about it. We're putting on the wife. Getting into my suit here. I am, man. I'm all over the place.  We are here in Anthony, Florida, doing a, it's actually our first COVID victim. He passed away about 10 days ago now, was found after eight days.  Thaddeus and I are suitin' up and we're gonna decontaminate the area first, make it safe for us to go in there since it is COVID. We're gonna fog the area. We're gonna wait about five minutes before we enter back into the building. And then we will fog the area again a second time before leaving our ozone machine since it only takes about 90 seconds for our chemical to kill COVID. See you inside. So it's a super, super small area. We just moved from the shed out of the way. The fogger has shot away a minute already. Leave the clothes for right now, yeah. Brand new carpet, this is where he died. So we are only instructed to disinfect and remove the biohazard from the carpet. So we're gonna grab the bio and the fogger and the bio bin and the disinfectant, fog the area, breathe the fresh air in the country for about five minutes, let the disinfectant do its thing and we'll be able to get in here and tackle this portion here. I'll give you guys a little bit of inside here. Thaddeus is decontaminating the area because it's a confirmed COVID death. So what he's doing is he's making it safe for us to go in and work. I'm trying to limit the amount of people in and out of there currently just so we don't do the cross-contamination thing especially with COVID. The day has kind of been mapped out. Thaddeus and I work really, really good together. We just kind of fall into place. So it's gonna be 100% stress-free and we're gonna rock our roll. Yeah, so all of my family is from the country. So coming out here and doing a job like this in the country is actually super, super relaxing. I know a lot of our situations, it's just an automatic like no stress situation. It's super, super peaceful. I hear the dragonflies buzzing in the background with some cicadas and like the crickets and you see butterflies flying around. And I mean, it's just all around just that super, super chill, super calming. All my breaks and things like that, I take a bunch of photos and stuff like that and blast my social media with them. But I guess that's Florida life and being out here in the country, it just reminds me of up north. So I'll show my family up there what true Florida living is. I'm in, I'm from, you know, Nashville, Tennessee. I grew up a little bit outside of Kentucky as well. Russellville, Kentucky. So this kind of reminds me of being home, countryside, you know, dirt roads, not many stop lights, four-way intersection, horses, snakes, a lot of bugs. And it's just, you know, pulling up here in Oak College just kind of reminded me of being there, appreciating where I was from and everything. Yo, with that, what day is it? Hump day! Yeah! Look, we're being recorded while recording. That's awkward. So I'll clear all this up first. Yep. Actually, just trying to see if it goes into the subboard. If it goes forward, this part is, you can see it. Yep. Please take care we can, for the part I. Yeah. We're gonna spray part I on it. What that does is it actually draws out the biohazard. We're gonna scrub it. It doesn't look like it penetrated deep into it. So it should be 100% good after we scrub it. I'm gonna sanitize the area. You can see that it's all pretty much cleared out now. Luckily it was cooling off in here. It's just because there's so much airflow inside the bottle, see? So you can see, like, we have just this little bit of, little itty bitty bit of an indication and I'm actually gonna just try to chip because it's OSB board. I'm gonna just try to chip that little itty bitty bit out because it doesn't look like it got in super, super, super deep. I would rather put a little bitty divot into the subfloor like this. Ooh, that was my finger. Damn. I'd rather do just a little bit of this here. That can be filled in with, like, wood putty. I have an indicator in there.  So what Kyle did, he gave a, had an indicator to where, you know, we was trying to locate how much of the blood was still remaining. Indicated that, went ahead and scrubbed and removed that.  I mean, it's kind of cool in there, but you can't really feel the temperature with the Tyvek pseudon. There's a slight odor, which is why we're leaving our ozone machine. I've already spoken with the client and she's super happy with what's, what's kind of been happening today. So it was a small, there was a small job, just because I think it was the new carpet, the brand new padding, which was phenomenal carpet and padding. It had only gone down maybe two eighths of an inch. So it was easier to chip it out rather than exposing the entire underground of the house because it is a manufactured home. I'm gonna go through the house, make sure that there's no living plants to, and just set them outside, just because when we use the ozone machine, it adds an extra molecule in the air, which suffocates everything. So I'm a huge plant guy. There's no animals in the house. So I just wanna make sure that there's no, nothing living is actually going to die in the process. So I'm sorry, I've lost my drawers. Not so we're pretty much done inside. So what I'm trying to do is just on a job because we're so far away like this, we're two and a half hours from the office. I'm trying to, that's actually looking around the building to see if we have a water source. So that way we can clean and sanitize all of our equipment before we leave. So if we have the ability, we have the ability to clean and sanitize all of our stuff. People ask all the time when they see us, they, when we're in our monkey suits, they automatically know. Some people come to us for verification and other people just walk up and say, thank you. So we've had three of the neighbors actually come to us and they're all extremely devastated at the situation because I guess the gentleman was extremely, was an extremely nice guy. And one of the neighbors that I had just spoken with, she actually knows what we do. So she just wanted to verify if everything was safe. For the family to come in and I said, that's what we're here to do. So I'm hungry. What are we doing for lunch? You know where you wanted to go. Yeah, go get that roast beef. You wanted that beef. Yeah, it's not just that beef. That roast beef. That roasted beef. Yeah, that roasted roast, oh, that's lower.  I think that's how they do it in Hollywood too. Yeah. I'm 100% sure about it. I watch a lot of Hollywood stuff. I watch a lot of Hollywood stuff too. All right, so this is how small this town is, right? So we are coming up on the only stop sign in this town. And stop light. Oh, it's a flashing light. Like that's it. And then, so this is where everybody does their grocery shopping? Yeah. At the feed store. Yeah, the feed store, the farmer's supply. I mean, when you stepped out of the vehicle and immediately puffed on your inhaler, I figured that you had never been to the country before because your lungs didn't know how to take it. Like there's no smog. There's no, there's no anything like there's horses in the field. I have a different country said than I do city said. Thanks for watching guys. Don't forget to like, share, subscribe and ring that bell to be notified of the next episode. For more information, visit any of our locations. That's it guys. On to the next.


Hi, everyone. Good afternoon and welcome to the SmartGrid seminar. Our speaker today is Dr. Ching He from Global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization. So you talk about ultra-high voltage development in China and the concept of global energy interconnection. So I would like to remind everyone our next seminar is in two weeks. So that would be May 13th, Thursday. The speaker is James McCauley from Iowa State. And I also would like to remind everyone that the last two presentations on May 20th and June 3rd will start at 3pm instead of 2.30pm. Our speaker today is Dr. Ching He and I know he is currently in Beijing, so the time over there is 5.30am. So we really appreciate that he can give this presentation at this early hour. Dr. He is Senior Manager of Global Energy Interconnection in the North American office in New York City, where he is responsible for technical communication. He joined the company as a researcher in the Economic and Technology Division in January 2018. From 2018 to 2019, he was with the Africa office in Ethiopia. He started his career as a planning and operation researcher with China APRI in Beijing for seven years, and he has involved with many ultra-high voltage projects. He holds a PhD in power system and automation from China APRI. So without further delay, let's welcome our speaker today. Dr. He, you can share your slides. Thanks for introduction from Chen Zhenyu, and thanks Waheila for doing some preparing and the test. Hi, I came from Gadical North American office. Gadical is Global Energy Interconnection Corporation under development. I'm honored to be here at Stanford Smart Grid Seminar. I will talk about the development of neutral high voltage grid in China under global energy interconnection concept. There are two parts of my content. The first is development of neutral high voltage director current and alternating current technology in China. The second part is global energy interconnection concept. We define the ultra-high voltage as 1,000 kW alternating current and positive, negative 800 kW direct current with 1,100 kW direct current power systems. We call the UHV as a shrink name. UHV has advantage like long distance, large capacity, high efficiency, economic land use, and so on. Next we talk about UHV driving force. In China, the energy location is quite unbalanced. As we can see from the four pictures, 90% solar located in North and North West. 80% of the hydropower located in West and South West. 80% of the wind power in North and North West, 76% core located in North and North West. So it's a big problem to translate this kind of energy. Well, over 70% of the North center concentrate in the middle and the middle east of China, which means long distance transmission is necessary. In some case, it's over 3,000 kilometers. In particular, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, the three low centers are far from this energy-rich place. Early before, in order to meet the electricity demand in the middle and the middle east, we need to transport lots of coral over 2,000 kilometers for generation, which was not very economical under neither environment. But the UHV technology can transmit massive electric power including renewable energy to a far destination. The other driving force is loading and grazing. Since 2000, the annual average growth of installed capacity is more than 80 gigawatt. Network and transmission capacity must be strengthened and updated. The electric price must be considered about. The price at the low center area transmitted by UHV is 0.8 US cent kilowatt hour cheaper than local whole price. The total high-voltage alternating current is like this. Corridor with per unit capacity is less than 20 meters per gigawatt. Transmission power can reach four or five times than 5,000 kilowatt kilowatt line. UHV transmission distance is two or three times of 500 kilowatt line. Total high-voltage direct current can reach 1,000 to 4,000 kilometers and transmit 7 to 12 gigawatt. It's long distance and big capacity. Now we take a look at the usual high-voltage direct current timeline. The first high-voltage direct current project is positive and active 500 kilowatt with two gigawatt. Then the Xiangjiaba to Shanghai is proposed on 2004, which approved two years later and put into operation on 2010. The total length is 1,907 kilometers. Rated power is 6.4 gigawatt. Maximum power is 7.2 gigawatt. After that, in 2017, hierarchical embedded UHV project put into operation. Then in 2019, the first positive, negative 1,100 kilowatt UHV DC project is finished in 2020. A multi-terminal CSA plus BSA project started sending electricity. Let's see some details. There are 1,100 kilowatt UHV DC project linked to Wanan with a transmission distance of 3,324 kilometers and the rate capacity of 12 gigawatt. This equal to four line of four projects with 500 kilowatt together. Then the UHV DC hierarchical connection at the receiving end to 1,000 kilowatt bus and 500 kilowatt bus have been used in three projects. In order to transmit renewable energy and eliminate the impact of commutation failure, voltage source converter has been researched and ready to use. Let's see the multi-terminals with VSC. The hybrid voltage source converter, voltage source converter named VSC with current source converter UHV project first finished by China 1,000 power grid. China 1,000 power grid built Wudongde UHV DC project, which have three terminals, one current source converter station at the sending side, two VSC station in parallel at the receiving side. This project has been put into operation in 2020. The application of UHV in India and Brazil is also encouraging. Brazil has accomplished two projects, each with capacity of four gigawatt, which put into operation in 2017. And 2019, from Bello Mount to San Paolo and Rio, India has accomplished three projects, which can provide the power for industrial and feedback economic benefit for their suppliers. Now we tend to ultra-high-voltage alternating current projects. The first one called the Jingdonglan to Jingmen. This project has been in operation for over seven years since 2009. Total length is 614 kilometers. Lominar voltage is 1000 kilowatt. And then ultra-high-voltage controlled series compensation installed in December 2011. In September 2013, Huainan to Wuhu to Zhebei to Shanghai, UHV project was constructed with double circuit line on the same power. The GIS breaking with capacity 63 kilo ampere. The cost of one substation is 150 to 160 million US dollar. The current cost is about 0.6 million US dollar per kilometers. Now we introduce the GIL. GIL means gas-isolated transmission line. GIL is power transmission system with gas-isolation metal shell. The first project cross the Yangtze River in Suzhou, which located in China grade, East China grade. The cost is much high. It cost 800 million US dollar per kilometers. The project is 5.8 kilometers just across the Yangtze River. So after over 10 years construction, 14 UHV AC, 15 UHV DC project finished in China. Some reliable source such as wind, solar and hydro are connected to the grid. And some projects not finished until 2021 and 2022. UHV grid have been formed. The hydro power connected to the grid is 340 gigawatt. Wind power is 170 gigawatt. Solar power is 160 gigawatt. The hydroelectric power from the southwest, solar and wind power from the northwest, wind and thermal power are bounded out from the north. In the planning, UHV project will be over 40,000 kilometers and 300 gigawatt in 2025. With scope of SGCC, 6 major regional power grids have been constructed. North China, Central China, East China, North East, North West and South West. 1,000 power grid also can be taken as east and west part with UHV DC sending hydro power from the west to the east. The UHV AC rings, strengthens the North China, Central China, East China. Now we turn to the benefit of energy in the connection with UHV grid. Wind and solar have seasonal complementary in the loss of China. In this area, according to the up figure, we can see the wind power is mainly in spring and winter, accounting for about 60%. The figure below shows that the solar also accounting for about 60% in summer and autumn. If we put the wind power and solar power together in one to one radio, it will be much better and fit the load curve. Wind in the loss and the hydro power from the south also have seasonal complementary. The left graph shows the monthly power generation of three hydro power plants in 2015 and 2016. Hydro power generation peaks in June 9, August and September. The wind power output in those three months was below the average. So if we put it together, it's very good for their complementary. Extensive interconnection reduce wide power curves fluctuation. We can see from the left figure, the output of a single wind power plant bounced up and down, but the province and the big regional grid wind output are much better. We can get the conclusion from the right finger. In national scale of China, solar power plant complement with time difference from the east to west and the solar complement with wind. There are certain decrease with the expansion of space. Four connected renewable are easy to predict. So we can see UGV technology practiced in China. Very well. The concept of GI is put forward based on the UGV technology. GI is global energy interconnection. From the start, just come from the challenge, such as resource constrained environment pollution and climate change. Clean development is a core factor of sustainable development and global energy concept is put forward for achieving the goal. Clean energy resource spread of the world and abandoned. So the resource needs to be converted into electricity and transmitted to the world. In the world, there are some concepts about how to give a solution for the clean development. And the GI is focused about this. GI is clean-dominant modern energy system. That means the insens of GI is a smarter grid plus UGV grid plus clean energy. GI can help for large-scale development of clean energy, help with economic and industrial system transit to the low carbon or zero carbon. GI proposed two replacements. First is replace fossil fuel with clean energy. The second is increasing the proportion of electricity in the terminals. Replace direct consumption of fossil energy with electricity. Clean replacement refers to take place fossil fuel in power generation, providing heat by solar energy and so on. This slide I will talk about the cost of clean energy. This year's cost of clean energy is getting down and getting down. Now, how much wind power are expected to drop to 2.5 US cents kilowatt-noura and 5.5 US cents kilowatt-noura respectively. And the PV solar has also come to the same level, I think. That means the renewable energy is cheaper than the gas, the coal, and then the other fossil fuel. Electricity replace is increasing the proportion of electricity in terminal. Total electricity consumption will increase year by year. And the share of end use will increase to about 50% to 65% according to the different scenario in 2050. GEI's condition depend on three facts. Now, I think there is no obstacle in the future in the next 20 years or 30 years. First, the power transmission technology. The UGV has already practiced very well. And the second is the clean energy. The price of clean energy is getting down and the technology are constantly improving. The last one is smart grid technology. The smart grid technology is very important for the load. These years it's already widespread, widespread use in a lot of countries. So we put the GEI concept into some example. Based on the large-scale development of clean energy and the UGV transmission technology, East Asia could be connected with Europe through Central Asia, which established the Asia to Europe, China. There is a five to six hours time difference if East Asia and Europe are fully connected. When East Asia at 8pm solar power in Europe is there at the pink, it could be transmitted to East Asia for meeting the demand of load. And now we see the example of United States. NIEL have made interconnection same study a few years ago, which is the just interconnection of East and West with 14.4 gigawatt inter-regional projects. Now we look at the picture on the right. The load pink on both sides are loaded at the same time. The west load pink is late than the east. So the PV generation can support the east. And in the morning, the east could be supported west. Now we give the example of the total East Asia. In the left picture, based on GEI concept, East Asia forms an interconnected grid. A clean power supply with large scale interconnection and smart grid will lead the green development. A clean and efficient energy interconnection has been designed for reduced regional carbon emission. So emission from energy will be reduced by 60% on 2035 reduced by 19% on 2050 in the end. So we think the GEI concept works very well. First, to realize GEI, we have three steps to go. All can put into three stages. The first is domestic interconnection, just like United States and China. The second is intercontinental interconnection. This stage, I think, will come in the next 10 years or 20 years. The ultimate goal is global interconnection. In the last stage, renewable energy from global complement with each other. In the scale of 24 hours, I think, like the picture below. Asia and America could gather together. GEI could integrate a stable clean energy and also provide a sustainable electricity to the user around the world. Maybe finish the future and form the structure like the picture just on the left. It will cover all of the world, all countries. So that's what I have to say. Thanks. Okay, thank you. Are there any questions for the speaker? I do have one question. I think it's in your second or third slide, one of your earliest slides. You mentioned that the power generation will be 0.8 cents cheaper than local wholesale prices. Can you go back to that slide? Yeah, this one. Right, when you say 0.8 cents cheaper. Have you included the maintenance cost of the transmission infrastructure? Yes, I think we can give the conclusion like this. Just because I want to explain in two parts. The good resource of solar power just like in China is in the west. The annual used hour is much higher than the east. The number may be double. So the price is cheaper when the solar power generated. And in the long distance, we use the UHV technology or some other transmission line. The cost on the line, the cost on the line is much lower than distributed or called decentralized resource. So we just consider read about the total facts. Now, with the lower cost of usage from reducing this UHV technology, how many years will we take to recover the cost, the cost of building the whole infrastructure? I think it depends on the energy transmission on the line. So I can give a normally year, it's about 12 or 15 years. Okay, yeah, that's good. There is one question in the Q&A section. How do the risks of global energy networks compare to the risks of small energy networks? Okay, I think this question I might have in some occasions. The global energy network at this stage is only an idea concept. There is a lot of risk in the future. It may be influenced by the political and influenced by some reason from the unstable relationship and stable economy situation. If we consider it, we just talk about the benefit of interconnection. We can focus on the low cost and complementary to both sides just like this. But if we neglect the risk, I think it's also wrong. But I will give another conclusion about how to understand this just because in the next 5 years, next 10 years, we called for all the people to realize the power system named the neutral carbon and 100% renewable energy. That cannot be realized with only the microgrid with localized grid. If we have a good situation like China, like United States, the solar power can support each other, it's easy. We must consider it about how to fully use it. That's what I respond to the first question. I will take a look at the second. How does the cost of the global network compare with energy storage? Yes, we have compared the cost. The global interconnection, if we just put it in a national wild scale just like China or a big regional grid in China, the cost of interconnection is much lower than to build energy storage such as pumped hydro. Just because if you want to finish a pumped hydro in China, you cannot find so much capacity to finish the match, finish the job of match the renewable energy. If we consider it about the grid ridder of all the natural power plant, the grid ridder of all the power plant, it's only wind, solar and some hydro. The fluctuate of hydro is, I think it's a little, but the fluctuate of wind and solar is much bigger. You cannot find the match the capacity to finish this job. This is first and the second, the cost is low at the same level. It may be the interconnection cost is only half of the build the pumped hydro. Even you consider it about the other storage is much expensive. Thank you. On this topic of the global network, I have another question. Have people started talking about the standards for such a global network? If we consider it about the UHV and some standard for the EHV, we call the EHV, 500 kW we call the EHV. The EHV and the UHV, from the equipment, I can give some conclusion. In the United States and in China, in Japan, the equipment standard is almost the same. But the operational standard have much different. Do we have any more questions from the audience? Okay, so if there is no more question, I would like to thank the speaker. This is an interesting presentation. Thank you again for giving us this presentation at 5.30 a.m. Thank you. Okay, thank you. Thank you everyone. And the next seminar is in two weeks on May 13. So see you in two weeks. Okay, thank you. Bye bye.