ed constantly. I think that was one of the things, yeah. Oh, I just meant... I think I got in at the tail end of it where everything just got monetized. You were just able to monetize everything. Yeah, I meant most of the things that are monetized, how much ads they get. You know, cause, like, different companies being less inclined to do YouTube, which... I've always found curious because YouTube seems to have line share of the online video market, you know? Yeah, you often do wonder like, what, you're going to give that up? Are you really, really, are you? How did Evil think?  Yeah. E-Fat Movies Idea, Red Dawn 1984 and Red Dawn 2012. I mean, if you guys really wanted to, I would join. I don't want to watch, like, the... No, I've heard the new one is... I just don't have that much interest in Red Dawn. Like, I think the old one's pretty good, but the new one I've heard is terrible. So I'm just not... I just don't really care. Yeah. Very well. Hi, I'm Ola. Hi, Rags. Hello. Hi. I know this is out of nowhere, but I found a series you guys would like to see. It's called 12 Monkeys. It's a TV series and it's pretty good. I'll provide a link that has all four seasons. And then they got a little... 12 Monkeys. I think it's meant to be, like, based on the movie, 12 Monkeys, right? I've never heard of it. I think I've heard of the show, but I don't know anything about it, except that it's based on the movie. Movie's better. I'm not surprised at all by that, but hey... Very well. Dune doesn't stand on its own as a cohesively written movie. However, it's beautifully shot visualization of the novel. Definitely hope to hear your thoughts on it after reading the novel. If you're not looking at it purely on its own, it's a great joy. I'm not planning to read it, but I think, Fringy, you're partially interested, yes? Dune, yeah. Wait, how did you get Gruntilda's eye to move up here? I remember being able to do that, but I've completely forgotten how. I'll keep an eye on chat for a minute That's cheating. I've completed it already, so it's fine.  What do you mean?  You guys should check out the 6-hour mini-series of Dune from 2000. Budget is $3, but it's mostly solid. Best adaptation of Dune, arguably. Is that the thing that I got sent the clip from?  I hope that clip is not representative. That's all I'm saying. Oh, you know what? I know what this is. It's on the back of the lighthouse, isn't it? Alright, I can't get in this way. My bad. I remember it's a Gruntilda icon. The date tree scene is meant to convey that while the Fremen care about survival, that's not the end all be all of their society. It means they're willing to sacrifice themselves for a greater cause. That's the point of the palm tree scene? Wait, sorry, I was not listening. It was to show the Fremen care about survival. They don't just care about survival. It shows they're willing to sacrifice themselves for a greater cause. Okay. I don't know about that. I mean, they are in the distance in the scene. I wasn't even clear that they were there for the trees. Yeah, they just burn it later on. You see them burn... Oh, well, that's not really... Two frames or so. Yeah, I don't think they're talking about that. They just... I just... I didn't pick that up. But maybe it was there. If I rewatch it. Yeah, maybe. What if he was sleeping when the drone was sent in? Well, yeah, because apparently some people are saying the drone only detects movement which I still think is retarded, by the way. Yeah. All this technology... You tell me there's no computer technology to do with that Hunter Seeker, by the way. It's like, hmm... How is a remote controller not computer stuff? But the books say computers are not allowed. I don't really see how that doesn't count as a computer of some kind. What? And then if he was sleeping, I guess the Hunter Seeker drone just sits around for a while. I hope he turns up at some point.  And then it just kills the maid, because she's walking around. That seems like a major mistake, right? Like...  It's like, there's a lot of things that might be moving in that room. If we really want to kill him, we might need to come up with something a little bit more... from... Hunter Seeker? Well, it had an operator, right? I assume that's what the operator's sort of for, to verify the target and to drive it into... Did you get that from the movie? Because I certainly didn't. Well, I... I guess if there is an operator for it, I think they even call it... What do they call him specifically? I assume he was controlling it. Well, so it gets much worse if that's true, right? So Hunter Seeker's defense of that is that he's not controlling it because it just randomly attacks someone who's entering the room. Like, if he was controlling it, why would he do that? The hunter said the one that tried to kill Paul? Yeah. I don't know, maybe it was waiting for a certain time and then it came into the room and it had to verify that it was him. And I... I'm not sure. The switch is already pressed? What? Yes, the momentum works that way. I'm fine. He was going like, whoa, there's a little sploosh noise and I'm like, hey, let's go. I'm fine. Do I have to collect gingers to open up that? Because I can't remember what prompts that little thing now. Gosh darn, misremembering some things and it's causing me grumplings. Not the grumplings. Yeah, that Hunter 16 was very strange to me. I was getting a little lost at that point in the film. Moeller, I asked if you and Co could forget a movie which one would you forget and why? And everyone back then agreed on Lord of the Rings. So you could experience it anew. Same question but game instead of movie. Soma. Soma is definitely up there. I might go with the first Bioshock. Yeah, that'd be cool. I might go with there's I'm trying to think back in the day a lot of the games where I was just absorbed into them. Those would probably be the top two in my list, I think. I might go with playing the Cod 4 campaign fresh again. There were some really good moments in that that I enjoyed. Hmm, wouldn't mind having my first time experience in the doxels games again. Yeah, doxels one is a big one for me as well. Yeah. Oh yeah, Alto Wilds. Someone just mentioned in chat. Alto Wilds for sure. That is true. Thank you for reminding me. I just think about that just now. Yeah, I think I'm oh it's tough. Yeah, it's like Soma or Bioshock. Um Maybe Minecraft. Um, because I have a lot of very fond memories of just that game and exploring and building things in it. Maybe not because I still get you don't lose enjoyment in that game sort of becoming more familiar with it. So, let's scratch that. Yeah, I'll stick with those two for time's sake. Probably Soma or Bioshock. I might lean towards Bioshock because it's more gamey I guess and there's more of a maybe gamey element of it that meshes well with the environment but it's really tough for me to they would both be excellent answers but I'm going to go ahead and go with Bioshock. I don't know about Bioshock. Someone remade Bioshock 1 in Half-Life Alyx as a mod. Check that out at some point, yeah. That sounds really interesting. That's the kind of game that should be VR, like a Bioshock game. Yeah, I feel like that would work pretty well. I guess Fringy's just going to knock on an answer for this one. The question in full is being a lot of discussion on it. If you could re-experience for the first time any game would it be? Might be Super Mario Galaxy. Yeah. But there are a lot of games I'd want to have that. Yeah, that's a long list. Because even games like Metro Last Light I was really absorbed into that game in the world and the characters and things that happened in it. There are so many games where if I could just get those for the first time again that the incredible high that is the discovery of a new great game atmosphere. That's the dragon you're always chasing. But you do catch him. Then he gets away, then you gotta chase him again. What's everyone think of Swift's new red album? I don't I don't, is Swift the band? Because I'm not familiar with that band. I do not know if it refers to a particular single band. I don't know. Do not know. Do we need to get Swiftie? Be Swiftie but yes and no. No, the band is Swift. We'd have to get Swiftie. No, they must conform to Rick and Morty.  No, get Swiftie. That's what you mean. No, get Swiftie because it's about the band Swift. It's about Swiftie. Because if something is Swift like it is Swiftie. No, I agree. Swiftie. The issue is that the Atreides are aware of the Emperor's role in the plot from the beginning. I don't know if they're aware. I think they're suspicious of it. Are they thinking of it? They see it as a potential. They're almost incredulous of that he would do that because of how unprecedented it is.  Yeah. Until maybe the scene where he talks about how he wants Paul to be taken care of if anything should happen to him. I remember being like you sound like you chill with potentially very bad outcome. Yeah. And I don't want him to be because I like him. I would have watched the whole movie with him. Absolutely. Lito is a Chad, man. Mm-hmm. Master Moeller, how exactly do you catch clunky expositional bad dialogue in general? I sometimes struggle to understand what exactly makes a line poorly written when it seems fine surface level. Whether or not someone would say those things is usually what you start, right? And it's, oh yeah. Got up for a 2016. Yeah, that's a really good one for forgetting again. But when it comes to clunky dialogue, oftentimes in movies, same thing with plays and just fiction in general, when people speak, they speak in almost an idealized form of how people truly speak. There's not a lot of ums and uhs and stuttering and characters who speak like normal people in media. Sometimes they could stand out because they're not quite as refined in speech as everyone else. And a lot of this is for expediency and for the sake of time. But it generally is used to contrast normal speakers with poor speakers. So if you take a character in media who doesn't sort of speak in that way, this refined well-practiced I guess version of how people normally speak, it can come across as clunky. Do you name an example of that? Um let me see. You know how a lot of the Star Wars prequels how people talk? I could see how some a real person might, if you just talk to them on the street, they might speak like that because it's so it's it's so vulgar sometimes but in an odd way and it's not typically how you see people talk to one another in media it's not typically how you see people talk in you know works of fiction and it like you're never gonna say oh yeah that's well it's tough to explain um I hope I've made some kind of like some understandable sort of concept um I guess it's hard to get across because people in fiction don't normally speak like people typically do they speak better than people typically do well I feel like a big thing when it comes to good or bad dialogue is are they talking to the person they're speaking to in the scene or are they talking to you if you can really notice they're talking to you then that's a good example of bad dialogue like man remember on December 4th 2003 when you and I the realm of Shlububot which was currently under siege by the gendupies man that was crazy wasn't it's like yeah you're talking to me you're not talking to him because you both know this back down to consistency as well ultimately yeah what they're saying is incongruent with who they are people are pretty predictable would be like the take away right people are unpredictable in a certain sense but like generally as long as we have an understanding of who somebody is we can reasonably predict what they're going to do in a certain situation and of course a lot of drama and stories comes from putting them in a really stressful situation and seeing what they do when it comes to dialogue the idea would be if you've established that this character is really friendly affable they're just a really nice person if she was to then I don't know out of nowhere just be like wow you're a fucking piece of shit it's like oh okay is that there's got to be a reason for this right yeah like the next line it's totally fine it's like oh something's wrong here you're not that was a mistake I don't know people are supposedly out of character they're not behaving normally yeah yeah then you know bad dialogue could be bad exposition or whatever it's like a type but if you know someone is uh told something that they find absolutely shocking but then it's like oh wait they knew that already whoops like so it's like that dialogue could have been good but the information makes it a bad dialogue so they shouldn't be saying that shit that's just basically how I do it it's like call comes back to should they be saying this um and I'd rather appeal to like say someone says something cringy it's like can we do as long as they're a cringy character yeah like it can work this is the thing with the prequels there's a lot to discuss because like a lot of people defend the stiffness by being like well that's what Anakin would say and that's how Anakin would deliver it man and so yeah you have to really figure it out get get down to it if you can argue but it's like why the fuck does everybody talk like that in this universe except for Obi-Wan it's like it was because he's the only actor who was like hey I would fucking do all kinds of shit with this I just get a deliver it very um meh whimsically yes he he's fun to watch he stands out compared to the rest same for Palpatine yeah yeah yeah definitely the top two performers there and it's doubly weird when you see talented actors and actresses behaving like like Padme right the way that she talks particularly in the Phantom Menace is just like what even are you what are you are you some weird text to speech android experiment like what's going on with you Sam Jackson in McDomen did great too Sam Jackson that's that's a reserved Samuel Jackson in the pre yeah I don't know why they got an actor who is known for being so dynamic and bombastic and really gregarious as him and they got him to play this super stoic dull boring character it feels like a waste of the actor it's like um after-earth right Will Smith playing a fucking flat emotionless like treason yeah exactly what was the actor's name in that Cypher Rage Jesus Christ Cypher Rage was his name oh well there's a good example of that dialogue in that film there was a lot about him from that dialogue like fucking just a giant speech like oh the aliens attacked the Ursa they smell fear what a stupid alien race to like that were created they smell fear they can't see they can't give them eyeballs just give them eyeballs or have them smell everything give them both give them both eyes and smelling fear it's scary this way yeah it is you know like if you were designing a race like if you could create some species you'd be like alright I'm just gonna make you great because I can just pick and choose the things that I want yep like humans maybe give them a separate two but it's so scary they can't fear that's terrifying when they're not afraid you can just kill them like nothing like you're invisible that's a mask for your fear you have to be a psychopath who's not afraid then you can kill them I like how in that everything on this planet has evolved to kill humans it's like but you haven't been here for like a thousand years what do you mean evolved evolution yeah that's what Australia is a thousand years for evolution it's like interesting also there were no humans here so they evolved to hunt a species that doesn't fucking exist it'd be like if you said that humans have adapted to hunt fluble groups like what's that oh they're like an alien species for like ten thousand well that's how good we are at hunting maybe we have evolved to hunt humans we didn't even but we evolved to hunt a species that doesn't exist in order maybe they're really weak to nukes so we'll kind of snail it yeah we hunted them all and we just haven't evolved into something else yet yeah maybe yeah cause you never get to the end of evolution so that's right it just keeps going yeah nothing's more highly evolved than anything else there's a lot of internal politics with the lands rad and the emperor that's explained more in the books feel free to critique the movie for it I don't have a problem with that I mean you know I don't like I feel bad for the movie that it has so much like will to plot out first yeah I've seen a lot of people talking about these other houses and I was like other houses yeah cause the movie just sort of mentions other houses existing but we don't really know really anything about them I feel like they'd be big potential players if an event like this occurred maybe they will as the story progresses yeah maybe that will be a thing that happens like all the houses got wind of all this bullshit and they come into the story later but I guess we'll see I guess we'll see in Dune Part 2 Harkinen just wanted to ruin a tradies day then after that the emperor comes in and says hey I want them dead I'll help and none of it gets out cause they're all wiped out except for Paul and the mum yeah I find that very hard to believe how do you find that hard to believe as well they don't have to communication with the rest of the galaxy and after the fact the emperor can point to their lack of output as justification like I think I saw people discussing this in the comments section cause this is apparently a contentious topic without myself bringing rags or metal bringing any of this up um they weren't even there for that long the atreides house had only like just fully arrived and production had just started up the idea that they're all massacred like when they've been there for what could be a maximum of 2-3 months or something and it's like ah their fault for being so inefficient I'm like yeah that's gonna be pretty difficult to sell for me bro they're all dead what the fuck happened oh you know they're just so bad at spice fighting you know they just all died cause like people say they'll frame the Fremen it's like well then how does that make the atreides look like terrible if they were just all killed by like ambushes and stuff I guess that just makes them look bad militarily but at that point that's super fucking suspicious is it not yeah and that's assuming that's assuming no word somehow gets out with all those people involved yeah one guy all it takes is one guy to say oh well actually this is you know we blew him up and you know what we're just four guys from house uh bum bum bum bum bum bum that's how it's pronounced how's that we're just like you know the emperor switched out um uh fuck dude and I forget what's the name what's the student's planet name switch that out from the Harkins to the to the atreides that's a bit weird right yeah yeah I think what do you think he's up to with that I'm not sure I don't know and then it's like an atreides just got wiped out like yeah well they say the fremen did it really the fremen wiped out the atreides like they're famously the best warriors the atreides are it's kind of seems unlikely especially if anyone knew that there was a peace between the fremen and the atreides aren't the people who like live on arrakis in the city and stuff don't they like hey there was actually like a huge battle and there were spaceships and like it's weird there was a bunch of sardic car there that's kind of like well that's something that I I don't even know why the emperor did that why use like emperor's assassins to do the job when you don't want to come across as having anything to do with it it's like that's probably your first mistake and people saying like there was no arbitration because the emperor doesn't care if they die it's like you're gonna want to pretend that there's arbitration okay that's another raised eyebrow right there um are guys in disguises or something because like I don't know yeah make them dress up as fremen fuck it fremen that would be something to do hey mola been rewatching some gedelbs is Dr. Ugen Sushavle referencing anything in particular is that just a flunger's name also arrakis I think Ugen Sushavle if it's inspired by anything it would probably be the stupid Dr. Dave's and metalocalypse uh oh yeah yeah yeah I know of the metalocalypse doctor names we read them out on an e-fab ones I know one of them the surname of the doctor was Hermann Flab or something like that or Hermann Blab it was something that makes Mark Hable like struggle to not laugh which is the whole apparently the whole motivation behind writing those is trying to make him laugh when recording it oh yeah I heard about that that's hilarious uh speaking of sprayed with water what's your favorite type of drinking water for example bottled fruit sparkling toilet so some of those are not mutually contradictory but let's see here my favorite kind of water I don't really care for flavored waters I just like I just like water I think I just like plain water I'm super old fashioned you know depending on where you are tap water is great the tap water around here is really good it's what I typically drink is tap water there are some places my folks in Albuquerque their tap water is shit and so I drink bottled water when I'm over there and when I was in Richardson, Texas there are some relatives down there their tap water wasn't that good but yeah some tap water is great some tap water is mmm but I don't I typically do not drink bottled water unless it's the water because I don't buy bottled water I have some relatives who buy the shit out of bottled water because I guess they just don't like tap water um but I just don't I don't drink bottled water unless I have to take water somewhere with me and even then like if I go hiking then I'll fill up my water bottle with tap water now bring it with me it's good stuff so I don't know but I don't like fruity waters be fruit or be water don't try and be a don't try and be an amateur version of both you know I like a good fruity beverage are like a nice clean smooth water I don't like them mixed up together I don't have anything against fruity waters but I just I take normal water I think they're valid and can exist that's not like mineral water really that's like normal normal water well Mel you're the only one left now I just plain old water bottled though I don't really like our tap water here so I bite and bottled for the fruity ones either it's just like if I want something fruity I'll get some juice or whatever yeah I don't I don't care for sparkling water I will say that I just don't like don't really like it I don't like it it's just it ain't it ain't right it ain't right it's it it's right I know I used to drink a lot of sparkling water but these days I like the unsparfully water better unsparfully unsparfully like dull water yeah I like I like match water yeah makes you think you want the welcome mat you squeeze it and get the water oh you get some welcome you have your welcome juice like I don't want it complimentary welcome juice it'll offend our culture if you don't at least sip it and you're like uh oh can I just spit on the floor yeah that'll be better I agree with your point the movie should have handled it better also the book is great you should read it go read the book so we can say we did it as an e-fab thing I read it a long time ago and I only remember so much because it was a long time ago and a lot of shit happens in that book it's like two things just at least three fine three um best example of having to use outside resources to understand a story is Halo 5 yeah it's a fucking mess like it's it's you need to read like several books comic books watch a tv show listen to like a podcast series to understand what's happening in that game well that's shit yeah yeah remember what was great about Halo 1 2 3 Reach and ODST is you could just play the game and you know the story yeah well that's like revolutionary dude yeah more games should start doing that yeah I don't know how I'm meant to make sense of that game given what happened at the end of Halo 5 it's meant to be like an edge oh look we're like kind of soft rebooting but pretty sure it's like just a direct sequel to Halo 5 and Halo 5 was really cataclysmic in terms of like plot character world building so yeah makes you wonder huh I want to see uh Paul and his mother weren't supposed to die I well I mean I think they were supposed to I think they were supposed to because Hawkeye said they were going to dump him yeah it's more about plausible deniability rather than stopping all rumor and speculation remember how Epstein officially killed himself well nobody believes it I mean I feel like that's going to create problems for the emperor if nobody believes the official story and I just don't think he's helping himself when he uses the sautica if you're a house in that universe and you see what happens on Arrakis you're like hold the fuck up are we next hmm I'm going to go talk to these other houses and see if we should like do something about this because this is look this is just not okay this is not acceptable behavior fuck's sake I just read the one next one ahead you use the adaptation argument for BVS why would non-superman fans care about Jimmy Olsen Mercy Graves or other versions of Lex Luthor BVS is bad yes it's bad because it makes no sense which is our position thank you yeah we don't think BVS is bad how do people misunderstand this when we bring up oh look that's Jimmy Olsen that's about to get shot in the back of the head that's that's meaningful because of the matter the film is bad because that's happening like people who know Jimmy Olsen they're like holy fuck you just got assassinated you're like yeah isn't that nuts oh like nuts you shouldn't have this much trouble separating that out when you hear us mention it until you get it I like how you use that argument for Batman v Superman even if we did which we didn't that wouldn't be a point like for you because we would have been wrong well that's not what we did if the goal is to simply prove that we there was a post on the subreddit relatively recently about the exact same thing but in regards to I think it was the DC stuff again just like you know we were just referencing it today right Superman ripping apart the Kryptonian children and then we're all kind of commenting on it in the sense of our understanding of Superman how bizarre this is and if someone's like that's a different Superman in that movie we're like that's fine he seems like yeah yeah we know he's different alright um is tremors a prequel to dune? yes they didn't say it in the movie but if a laser gun hit a shield it causes a nuclear reaction small but nuclear explosion that's why swords are used I feel like you would want to I feel like that's something that you'd actually want a lot of the times especially if enemy soldiers are fighting in these clumps that to me is just not an effective explanation do you know why they use swords because if shields and lasers hit each other there's nukes I'd be like are you what just suppose it's up to you still um arcane efap when preferably with shad high-fringing we'd have to watch it first we haven't done that yet true I'm not against watching it I just gotta find the time but fucking drink it as seen in five episodes and he said it's excellent um duma media said it has no right to be as good as it is it's like jeez sorry what shows this again? arcane oh yeah yeah yeah everybody's blazing it does anybody not like arcane has anyone seen a negative review of arcane? no because I haven't I have not I'm watching way better stuff like ret notice arcane is great arcane these nuts nice lol is automatically bad lol is pretty cringy and jobulous what he said um but yeah maybe we'll cover it once we've seen it I don't know the animation is spectacular one out of ten oh that's gonna be bad red notice is an anti-film no lol just super chat I really liked arcane but I really tried not to lol that's how I get you damn yeah really tried not to uh regarding third party info there is utility in knowing what is trying to be done in a story even if the strictly judged by the content it doesn't fly there is utility in knowing what is trying to be done in a story even if the strictly judged by the content it doesn't fly so they're saying there's benefits of knowing what the writer basically was going for okay but that doesn't change us saying what is there or not yeah I'm not sure why you said that sure it can certainly be helpful to understand things but I mean it is what it is it can be detrimental though well yeah like it didn't help us to know that James Gunn wanted pokedot man to be a self-centered narcissist vying for attention in every scene because it was like um okay failed that's the way to put it um but yeah no I don't disagree with that it's just that I would expect the same for anything we're covering but we're all familiar like Lord of the Rings for example that TV show when it comes out you know let's pretend for a second second that is actually good um but something doesn't quite make sense unless you know about you know XYZ from the book it's like yeah that doesn't work they have to put it in the show uh question to anyone who got both rags and more plushies did they come as the same time or did one arrive first I ask because my rags may have been nicked by a porch pirate oh no oh shit I think the rags ones were coming much earlier than the uh the molar ones because yeah my rags one came like three weeks before the molar one or two weeks yeah like the creation for mine took a little bit longer I don't know if it's simply because of the tentacles or not but I am amused by that idea yeah sorry to hear that if that may have happened oh that's not the case man that sucks fuck those people get your own bloody plushie as a huge dune fan the nagging issue is knowing where the beautiful atmosphere comes at the cost of important character moments and relationships I don't know I feel like we can can do it right I feel like they did a decent job at that yeah I guess I don't know which ones they're referring to exactly but um I feel like we shouldn't be at the point where we simply have to have character moments come at the expense of a beautiful atmosphere that feels weird right yeah yeah I don't think Lord the Rings have to make those sacrifices though if someone said yeah but Lord the Rings are like 12 hours I'd be like well maybe dune should get 12 hours yeah I don't know because imagine crushing the three extended Lord the Rings movies into a two hour movie or two and a half hours could you imagine like that be horrible uh is the secret e-fap an sk homecoming no but no discover what is it won't be this Saturday we're we're we're we're one e-fap ahead right now so we're gonna do um probably a catch-up stream and then the following week will be Spuderman and then the week after that will be the the famed recorded one which plenty of people in discord already know what it is that's fine we've made it very obvious with certain things that was sad but who knows what it is who knows do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do what's in all this movie left me wanting more you've seen last night in soho by rags goodbye I want more dune yeah um I have not seen yeah I do last night in soho we will watch that eventually I just every time it comes up I just say it I've heard a lot of bad things which sucks it's good first time on the book side of an e-fap it's so frustrating seeing important little details not be included in the movie I mean I've heard that from quite a few um book fans are doing but I've also heard a lot of book fans are doing to be very happy so uh you know a bit of a mix up mix bag rather sorry guys gotta go watch dsp stream hi friends alright show me a perfect shield advanced technology doesn't imply perfection in defense and you wouldn't have a movie ah what can you say again I guess they're saying like if because we're critical of how the shields work and they're saying that if they worked perfectly then you wouldn't have a movie you just change it you'd have different we can make them have like energy limits we can make it so that they're weak to explosives they're written force we this loads you can do why would you just give up like that don't give up you'll be okay you can do it uh justice for cyber weasel 89 she was shadow banned from chya chiao uh by gas lighting mods check her twitter for the full story it's a long one oh I have I have no idea what that is but uh very well I'm kind of happy rags isn't here because chat hate chat hate would have been targeted at him for no reason he's here most of the time I'm gonna say I'm used to it it happens it's this rags guy if you're a lot you know if that crew needs to cowboy bebop with a critical eye it's not the standout weaves would have you believe oh my god that's a risky thing to say sir flash madam uh Ruroni Kenshin trust and betrayal is better and see this is why it's good that nobody in China knows who this person is who said this I'm sure that they would be slaughtered slaughtered yeah because uh yeah that's one of them animals that has like top tier uh reputation right yeah a white unicorn with rainbow hair that's all it says what oh okay I was ready for the I don't know if that means anything to you guys I don't know someone just pinged me with this yeah I guess you didn't hear that earlier I think I mentioned it yeah you were softer now doing nft stuff well I saw the announcement that they were doing it and they're not doing it they're not doing it and then the reply for those who want to dislike it was a disabled comment but I thought dislikes are not real anymore what how did that happen bullying bullying you bastards bullying the big old corporation oh my god what's this character name what I think there's a character called Gloomp oh my goodness maybe good ol Gloomp okay Persian slash derpy cats are my favorite cats Persian cats slash derpy cats derpy cats become their own species the cats of the derp whatever reason I love derpy animals I don't know what we were talking about but alright humans are kind of derpy animals aren't they whoa how dare you I'm sorry some of them certainly are some of them certainly are hey Mambo unrelated do you ever see charades 1963 no are you guys no I've not seen that one I don't think so no I'm afraid not I can't see that one I wasn't alive when that aired so I can't watch it I misspoke before accidentally though you were talking about the armor missing in the night attack not the shields um maybe they're talking about cause um what's his name uh Josh Brolin's character and his man none of them have armor or shields uh which I think is a bit of an oversight and then the dudes they attack have no shields for some reason I don't know if either of them are what you were referring to uh this one is retracted I'm afraid I can't read it but thank you can't read it there's no computers thing is really inconsistent and dumb thing from the books it was an AI rebellion therefore calculators are illegal like I said I don't really see how you can get rid of all computers with the technology we're seeing then you still clearly need computers to have like spaceships and stuff yeah not just that like sure hmm you gotta and just the advantage your civilization will have if you uh on the down low using I mean you know cause like they have mentats apparently this is another thing that um people mentioned in the comments like mentats are computers and I was like okay that I don't think that was in the film at all I get that that's probably the book but there's house mentats are like those guys with the thing on their lip I think and he's one of the ones that puts his fingers to his brain and then his eyes go white and he calculates things I was like okay you know I I don't know what that means really yeah is it like does that, does it mean you're really smart? there's some level of essentially magic system going on here maybe the effect that it has on them is that they could be like super computer brains with it so I guess there's just some special people in this universe like the witches yeah I don't know if the mentats run on magic or not I'm not sure what the film's trying to say but that's the thing I think the films would struggle if it were like right you know we just explained Arrakis, we just explained the Fremen, we just explained Atreides, Harkinens Emperor and it's like now we're just explaining the mentats as well and it's like yeah I mean it's tough but I'm pretty sure you could still do this in a very smooth way yeah there's a way to do it only in book film did not explain Spice changed humans instead of computers because AI uprising millennia before so the Spice makes you like able to compute things as complicated as a computer would be required to do oh okay I don't know yeah I don't know are you still human at that point I guess you just have a super mathematical brain quick buffs but I assume you come like data where you're like you're kind of weird because you see everything you know what I mean maybe maybe it wouldn't only only in certain circumstances like it could only when it comes to numbers or mathematics like a mega-autist or something the power look up a predator's dude oh god computers were made illegal when the Harkinen banned pornography damn the funny thing about that is I'm like did they ban pornography?


Hey guys, real estate gaming here today. We're gonna be playing escape the castle Abbey in Roblox, and I'm here with my nephew and tweeter say hi tweeter There you go, buddy. Okay, so let's begin with this Abbey and let's escape this evil castle Okay. Hey, Mr. Clicky. Hey, I've been making a plan to escape you in Follow me. Okay. Let's just oh oh we're both robots now. Okay. Awesome. Oh my god I can't jump over the spider web Into the spider web. I mean people Oh my god We're both look at us. We're both like I'm like a cyborg and he's like an actual robot We need to get through this cave. Let's go. Oh my god. You have me to jump down there, bro That does not look safe at all, but here goes nothing. Oh Okay, wait for me man. Oh my god. He's taking out so quick. Look at him Okay, so let's be careful here and I'll touch these green Giant slime thingies. I think it's slime. I mean what else would it be? I don't know That was don't look like jams to me Okay. Oh Cool, man. Okay. I use TNT to blast through here. Just gotta get through the sewer now Okay, man. Why the sewer man? You know what's in the sewer poop is in the sewer Like can you find a better escape route, man? Okay, be careful. Don't fall in the poop water, nephew You don't want to be swimming with the poops, do you? Oh This looks like it's gonna be a challenge.  I Just jinxed myself Oh my god. Oh my god. Wait, what? Okay, we have to start all the way from back here. So definitely no more dying. Oh my god. I Didn't mean to jump off that. No My nephew he's made it man. He didn't die. Oh My god, excuse me girly coming through. I'm just trying to beat this. Oh What happened man You were there bro, what happened?  Okay, you'll catch up to us man He got his skills from me. Yeah. I'm just kidding. Oh God the music so tense Is he okay like he's behind us? He's doing good. He's keeping up man Oh No, was that him? Oh That wasn't man. Oh god. He'll catch up you guys. Don't worry. Hey, it's you mr. Clecky over here What's up, mr. Clecky? This leads us back into the castle My dude, I thought the whole point was to get out of the castle now. You're taking us back in there Come on. Oh wait, is that somebody over there? Is that that donor girl?  No, my nephew keeps dying there. Okay. Let's just keep advancing. He'll catch up you guys. I Believe in him, bro that I just fall down Oh God Okay, it says These nights look dangerous. Don't touch them. Okay. I definitely won't touch them then because they have spears pointing right at us Which looks very dangerous, so let's jump over them Just take your time bro. Don't rush it. That's why you keep dying if you rush it in the abbey Oh That should have killed us, but it didn't luckily Okay, yeah, I mean if you guys always rush in the abbey It's most likely for you to die because you're trying to do everything so fast that you don't know what you're doing No, we're level five and he's still level two. I did it. Okay now He's gonna catch up because the rest are easy. Okay quickly. We need to get across. Oh god Okay, let's be careful with that toxic waste. We don't want to fall in there because then we'll turn into a mutating monster No, we're gonna fall. Oh, okay that we're gonna fall there Nice No catch up man Catch up. Oh wow. Did I put an X? I didn't mean to put an X Okay. Oh Okay, now there's purple waste here Let's be careful. It would have been cool if these things like swing. I thought they were that's why they had those strings attached But I guess not Not today Okay. Oh, there's a portal a portal. Let's see where it takes us Should we trust this portal you guys? Where do you think it'll take us? Comment in the comments below. Where do you think it'll take us before we actually going? Oh, yeah, like I'm wait I thought I was bald, but I have my hair Okay, oh, I see I see my nephew. Okay. Here goes nothing See you later nephew. I'm going into the other dimension Without you like there he is. Oh, he's not the Dalgene more. He's a robot just like me Okay. Oh, did he just fall Did you just fall bro? You were here literally come on. Okay. I'm gonna advance. Oh Hey, that's only the color do the dogs when they spawn right? That's so cool. Oh God, we're in like it. Oh, no, we're in the lava world. Let's get through this fog Okay, so we ended up in this lava world Wow, he got a party. That was quick. Nice. Okay, let's be careful here. We don't want to step on the lava man. Oh God the floor is lava jump on something bro Okay, that didn't seem so hard. Whoa. Where are you at, dude? I Don't know where he's at. He's right behind me though That was zombie sound. Yeah, I know.  Oh, yeah, we still need to find the badge. I forgot about that. No I didn't even have a chance to jump.  You want to fall straight down? No, that doesn't oh he made it. Okay, Yori you can do that Okay, now we jumped but This thing doesn't jump.  Why do they want robots? Why do we want robots? What are you talking about man? Oh Okay Let's try to be careful here Jump nice. You have to be careful on those rocks because they just drop you straight down No, it looks like she's having trouble Okay, let's go in this castle now Let's get inside before we burn I think I'd rather be outside than go inside there, man. It's kind of creepy. Oh Okay, I guess we're going this way. Oh He missed out guys. He put a cue. Oh, what what is this? It's gonna make us light down and there's lava here Isn't that great? Just what we needed more lava, right? Okay, oh, this thing's a slippery floor be careful man Okay, this is definitely the slippery floor be careful Floor Moves I'm letting them I'm letting them know to be careful the floor moves. Oh God Okay. Oh, what's up a kid? Oh, like oh a coprol. I don't know how to pronounce your name I always have a hard time. I'm sorry. Oh, like there he is our G Hi, oh God, okay. Oh my god. It's all dark in here So spooky you hopefully it's not haunted either, right wait for me. I can't wait for you on the stage itself Look at the sides of these barrels. I know look at them. It's like Three sizes of me. Jesus Christ. What is inside those barrels? Are they full of ketchup or something?  That's how you pass it jump I know it's hard to jump I mean to pass it because I think it just dropped you straight down Be careful not to fall. Okay. Oh, this is pretty easy. I'll we have to just walk straight Nothing hard here. You see easy peasy. Let me squeeze it Let's go. Oh god. Okay, we have to jump I jump to oh, I thought I jumped too soon. It almost dropped me That was a close one Okay My god, okay, we finally reached the end of that nice. I can't wait. I'm sorry. I'm too far man Okay, the tavern come on. We're almost out. Oh god. What happened here? It's flooded man Now the floor is water question mark. Oh God, where do we go? Do we jump on the fire? Okay? That didn't kill me nice. Oh God, oh lord. Look at these lights. This is these nights look pretty cool Not gonna lie.  Knight, I have to pass through because I am trying to escape this castle Oh god, they get smaller. Did you guys see that? They got small my lord, what are we okay? We're supposed to go up there the king's throne We need to get to it. Do we really need to need to get to a throne? I rather just go out the roof we jump out a window man. Oh No, we have to jump on the chandeliers Are you kidding me, bro?  We just jump on the candles That seems like the easiest way.  Oh, we took the short cut. We were supposed to jump over there, but I decided to take a short cut nice Okay, what do you mean? How do you pass this? You jumped through the spider? Spider web You go through the spider web, bro Okay, how do we jump up there though? Now that oh I was supposed to jump to my left. See that's what I get for not paying attention. Oh God, I almost fell off again. That would have been terrible man. Oh God this this lava is so scary it freaks me out man Okay, I think we're almost out of this castle either way We're we're gonna get to freedom. Okay. We need to sit on the throne to get us out of here. Okay, man Say no more. Oh Why do we hear dogs barking? What? Did you guys you guys heard that right? There was dogs barking. Oh What okay, play more of my games by jumping into the teleport. I guess we made it out Oh, we didn't get the badge. Oh, we got the badge and the award Nice. Oh, we didn't find the secret badge though Hey shout out to all those youtubers then this cap to take fat paps. Yeah, I mean guava juice and game with Kev Shout out to those amazing youtubers Okay Working this badge be asked should we go try to find it? Okay, let's go try to find it real quick you guys If we don't find it within like the first minute I Give up I think it's gonna be back here because why else were to be a building back here, right? Maybe it could be like a 90 to 10% chance that it's here that we have a 10% chance that it is here and then 90% that it's not Okay, so it is definitely not in here. Oh Great we just came in here for nothing wait is not there either What can this what is that I think you just forgot to cover it down there Wait, what? Okay, we came from over there. I was about to say There's another one over here Maybe it's over here, let's check it out if it's not I'm just gonna end the video here because I Don't want to spend my whole day trying to look for a badge You better be here mr. Badge Because I really want to collect it. No, it's not here either Man All right, you guys will thank you guys for watching say bye tweeter There you go, buddy. All right, you guys thank you guys for watching Thank you guys really made this port as always and I'll see you guys next time


Hey this is Brett and I am here at the 2020 Chicago Auto Show and just checking out all the really cool Jeep stuff as always here today we are checking out this one it is a 2020 Jeep Wrangler Unlimited and this is the JPP 20 edition so basically this one's showcasing all the accessories that you can get from Jeep on your Wrangler see it has the custom rims and the BF Goodrich mud terrain tires comes with the two inch Jeep lift with the Fox shocks the rock rails there you get the custom cat skin leather you get the tube doors as the sunshade up top it's a cool feature right there just a really good looking Jeep and ocean blue metallic they have the page right here feel free to pause and read everything that's on there is quite a bit of information and it tells you exactly what this particular Jeep has right down here for the exterior and then the interior of the custom cat skin leather all weather formats auxiliary switch bank kit and the door sill guards and cargo tray has a two inch lift kit and bead lock capable wheels on there but feel free to pause that and check it all out has the winch on it as well the led lighting group the black hood decal and the led lights up there really a good looking Jeep love the doors on here see how that mirror fits on the doors all the stickers on the inside the all weather floor mats custom cat skin leather with the Jeep embroidered back there found that a lot of times these Jeeps that are at the auto show that are all decked out like this tend to end up on the website at some point to showcase all the Jeep accessories you can do the custom heavy duty tire kit another sticker on there all the bars are painted really a cool vehicle but don't be surprised if you see this one on the website at some point Jeeps website led lighting group the blacked out grill really a good looking vehicle anyways we'll do one more full walk around here and then we'll be done on this one but thanks for checking out the video I hope you liked it just another example of really cool stuff that Jeep does from the factory and if you'd like to check out more hd videos you can go to youtube.com slash summit auto remember to like subscribe and share on this vehicle or this video and all the videos that we do in fact in a second you'll see a link to subscribe to our youtube channel on your left a link to more 2020 chicago auto show videos like this one on your right and if you want to check out our website on the bottom a link to this to our website on the bottom here thanks for checking out the video and I hope you enjoyed this 2020 Jeep Wrangler Unlimited in Ocean Blue the JPP 20 edition thanks again


Welcome to this lecture on VHDL and the course digital system design with PLDs and FPGAs. The last lecture we have seen the VHDL coding of sequential elements along with the combinational circuit then we have looked at I mean we started on how to write packages at least we did a preliminary kind of work towards it. So we will quickly run through the slides and get on to today's part. So the last class we have seen about the VHDL coding of synchronous reset in flip flop unlike asynchronous reset the synchronous reset is kind of synchronous with the clock if it is active then on the next clock the Q will become 0 and that is once the clock comes it has priority over the D if it is active then irrespective of the D this becomes 0 then if it is not active whatever on the next clock edge the D goes to Q. So naturally in asynchronous reset we have put it before this clock even clock is equal to 1 so that cannot be done so this is synchronous to the clock so everything happens with respect to the clock so this reset in the sensitivity list is not required also we write the reset within this clock even clock is equal to 1 because it is synchronous and we give priority to reset. So we write the reset first then the Q comes second so that is what is shown here process clock in this we write if reset is 1 Q is 0 else Q gets D and this shows a kind of multiplexer structure with reset as a select line when it is 1 Q is getting 0 otherwise Q is getting D. So the synthesized tool will put that multiplexer we will see that and we have also said that in a process the nestings allows us to kind of behaviorally represent the synchronous reset but in a congruent statement it is difficult so it does not make sense once again maybe the synthesis tool will support some kind of syntax which at least kind of semantically does not sound correct yes if it supports you can use it but then I suggest that as far as the flip flops and registers are concerned you go for a process in VHDL and this is what the synthesis tool make out of that code the clock goes here now when reset is a select line of 2 to 1 marks when reset is 1 0 goes here and reset is 0 then the D goes here then you get what you want we have looked at this Q gets D and R gets Q definitely Q and R will get 2 flip flops that is evident because you have an event on the clock what is the current value of D goes to Q at plus delta time current value of Q goes to R plus delta time so you get something like this which if you use a variable you will not get it you know that you should know that the variable you could write this with a variable and we will see that but if you do an immediate assignment you won't get this if you say Q colon equal to D R colon equal to Q then you will just get 1 R 1 flip flop not 2 flip flops okay and we looked at a shift register how to model a shift register so here it is an 8 bit shift register we have made it little awkward D0 goes to Q0, Q0 to Q1 and so on. And you could write a loop within that clock even clock is equal to 1 that is one way or you can view it as a kind of vector that is Q7 down to 0 or Q gets Q6 down to 0 and concatenated with D0 so both like this is the loop upon the clock Q0 get D0 and for I in 0 to 6 loop QI plus 1 is QI that means for the 0th index you get Q1 get Q0 for the 6th index you get Q7 get Q0 and but you could write like this Q which is nothing but 7 down to 0 is Q6 down to 0 and D0 in one shot you get it and that is also like I said you could show as a single flip flop with thick lines and the output is Q and the input is Q6 down to 0 and D of 0. So, that is two ways of looking at it I would prefer this any day than this this also kind of at least for a people who are not thorough with the syntax it looks as if it is some loop is written something which is consecutively executing which is true for simulator not for synthesis and we have seen a counter and this is standard logic unsigned is used so that we are using a plus here and clock reset is input 8 bit count output is a count is an output and since we cannot say count gets count plus 1 we define a signal of the same bit Q which is of 8 bit vector and in the code we will in the statement region we get we say count gets Q and write the code in terms of Q if reset is 1 Q gets others 0 otherwise upon the clock Q gets Q plus 1. So, and as I said this plus and one side is a standard logic vector other side is integer. So, this operator which is normally used for integer is used is overloaded in this particular package that is why this we use this package. So, in this code to note is the use of this particular package and the way we use signal to overcome the limitation of the output type of port. Because you define something as output then it cannot come on the you know the right hand side of an assignment because then it is treated as an input but if you declare a signal it has no limitation. So, that is kind of we overcome by this method and this is something which you should keep in mind and this is how it is synthesized which say that upon the clock Q gets Q plus 1. So, upon the clock Q will get Q plus 1 and that is how it is synthesized and we have gone one level up we have added an 8 bit input and a load signal. Again we treat it as a synchronous load when the load is high this DNS is loaded to the output and when load goes low it starts count from there. It is a synchronous load so naturally this comes in the clock tick event and clock is equal to 1 and we give priority to that over the counting. And this is the signal declaration standard logic unsigned library and here the count is assigned with Q process clock reset. If reset is 1 Q is initialized to 0 upon the clock now this is the game if load is 1 then Q gets D in else Q get Q plus 1 end if and this is the end if for the clock event end process and end architecture.   So, that is shown here. So, to the D because everything is synchronous the moment you write something underneath then that is synchronous which is connected to D and this represent a max when load is 1 Q gets D in that is this and load is 0 Q gets Q plus 1 you know that is how it is synthesized and synthesis tool might optimize it further depending on the target like in FPGA you may have kind of dedicated resources for this plus 1 and so on. So, that could be kind of and this could be a part of the logic resource within FPGA you may not use kind of standard resources within FPGA that is what I mean and when we get to the FPGA we will understand it better. And this is a coding scenario topmost code will be normally in a complex case will be the structural code made of components and each of the component could be further structural code depending on the complexity. But when it comes to the last level normally level 2 level 3 this particular component when it is reduced to a reasonable level will be composed of some concurrent statement processes procedures and things like that that is how the coding goes and the topic we have started was this how to put a component in a package and put that in a library ok that is what we have seen. The example we have taken was a flip flop and the top level entity which use this as a component is a double stage synchronizer or a two stage shift register whatever you would like to call. So, the structure is very simple the clock is called as clock which is connected together input goes to the D of the first flip flop the Q is internal signal which is connected to the D of the second flip flop and the second flip flop output is the SOP. So, we have seen how normally we write it the library the package entity D and clock are the input Q is the output and this is the behavioural code the process clock begin if clock event clock is equal to 1 Q gets D end if end process and so on. Now we are going to look at the code this particular code so we have the library entity these are the input S clock is the input SOP is the output. So, as here input S clock is the input SOP is the output we need a component called data flip flop we need an internal signal ok. So, that is declared here in the architecture declaration region we have the component declaration with the D clock and Q we have a signal declaration and the begin in the statement region we have instantiated this data flip flop twice with input S clock and internal one then that is connected to the next input S clock and SOP the game is over. Now, what we are going to do is we are going to write here we have assumed that this particular thing the component and the top level code is in one file or in one project. But we are now what we are going to do is that we are going to write this in a package and put it in a library and then we are going to use that library and package to do this kind of instantiation ok. So, one thing when we put something in a package this part the component declaration will go along with the package than in the top level entity ok. You would have seen that in a when you write a library you know functions in a library in C code you have a function prototype which is specified which goes in the header file ok. So, then you say hash include the header file and then that comes at the beginning of the code then all the data type is verified something similar happens here ok. We move this component along with the package and we are going to say use that package and automatically that comes there and the compiler can check the data type when you instantiate that is a game. So, let us look at the how to write the package we are going to write this component in a package and put it into a library and so before that a few word about the library and packages. The hierarchy of library is like this you could have multiple libraries and each library can have multiple packages and each packages can have within it components, functions, procedures and data types. All these can be in a package ok and there can be multiple package and mind you there are predefined libraries that means we are going to not to declare that that is called STD library and work library. STD library is a library which contains all the basic declarations and definitions of the VHDL that means it contains a packages which declare the bit, the boolean, the bit vector, the operators like plus, minus, relational operators, logical operators with regard to bit and boolean. All that is in a package called standard and that standard package is in the standard library and the work library is when you compile something, when you work on a design you have written some entity and architecture and you are trying to synthesize it, simulate it. So during that process that entity and architecture is kind of compiled into this particular work library and there are two packages in this standard library one is called standard and which contains all the standard data types, operators, functions and all that and it also has another package called TaxiO which basically has the all file declarations which can be used for test bench and writing something to the screen and things like that. And now mind you these things are implicitly declared you do not have to declare it when you write a code. You do not have to say library STD, work which is already understood which is implicit you do not have to say. Similarly you do not have to say use std.standard.all because that is also implicit but what is not implicit is this TaxiO package. So if you want to use TaxiO package you have to use like you have to say use std.TaxiO.all so that is a brief about the various libraries and packages, standard libraries, standard packages what is implicitly declared, what is not implicitly declared and so on. And let us now see how we can write a counter sorry not the counter the deflip flop in a package. So this is how it is written, this is the entity and the architecture of the deflip flop. So you say library declaration, package declaration, entity which we call now dff the port is dn clock is the input, q is output and we write the architecture declaration region with the process for the deflip flop. Now on top of that we write a package body which say the package some name is end that name and within that you have to write the component declaration which was earlier in the architecture declaration region of the top level entity wherever you have used this particular component but that is brought in here now. And suppose you have multiple components then you have you can write within this package body the component dff, n component, n component, counter, n counter and so on. And then you have to follow it up with all the entities like if you have a dff and a counter as component then you put a library declaration, entity for dff, architecture for dff followed with library declaration for counter, entity for counter, architecture for counter and so on. Once you do this the package coding is over. Now this particular package has to be compiled into a particular library. Now this is the syntax for writing the package but how to compile this package into a particular library depends on the tool you are working with. So you have to it depends you know sometime you work with some simulator like model sim, sometime you work with vendor tool like the Xilin's IS or ISC or Xilin's Vivado or Altaira, Quartus tool and so on okay. So how to compile a particular package into a library is tool or vendor specific. Many a times it means that you have to specify a particular library and invoke the compiler with that particular library as a target okay. So if it is a you are working with the command line then many a times you give the compiler command the file name and some option as to which library it should go to but in a kind of something with a GUI you may have to choose particular library and compile your create a project which is specific to a library and compile this file in the project to a particular library and so on. But I am not able to say anything at this moment maybe when I give a tool demo I will show you whichever tool I am using how that is to be done in a particular tool. But the essence is that you write the package and compile that into a library for the time being assume that this particular D flip flop this D flip flop is in the package is xy package and let us assume we have compiled this package this whole thing into a library called xylib okay xy underscore lib okay. Now we will see how to use that okay in the top level component this is our top level component. So we write now we have used we have put this flip flop in a package called xy package and we have put it in a library. So we are going to say library xylib IEEE use IEEE standard logic 1164.org and we say use xylib.xy package.org because that is where this particular component is and now this is the entity of the double synchronizer with input and s clock as input and so p as output. Now as I said since we say use xylib xy package.org and the component declaration is part of the xy package we do not have to declare the component okay that is already there in this particular package and we declare the signal internal signal which is signal in one is standard logic and you just instantiate the component dff this is the first one port map d input goes to d clock s clock goes to clock and int1 is the output similarly the second flip flop int1 is the input s clock is the clock and so p is output the game is done. So that is simple so the moment you put that in a component that component in a package and in a library not only you can use it anybody can use this particular package and the library particular component and they have to just say use xylib.xy package.all and they can use all the components within that particular package. So that is the meaning of this that is how you write a package now when you instantiate the same rule apply we have seen the component instantiation we have done a positional association formal to actual is associated positionally but you could say you can say here the d can be assigned with the formal to actual the clock can be assigned in particular order in any order like you can say clock is kind of associated with the s clock d is associated with the INB Q is associated with int1 as far as first component is concerned. So that is how the instantiation is done. So now let us look at the little more detail when we write a particular component in a package say when you write a code for a counter suppose you have written the counter as a 8 bit counter okay but somebody might need a 16 bit counter okay so or somebody might need a 20 bit or a 32 bit even if you think of present microprocessor or microcontroller scenario you might end up with an 8 bit counter 16 bit counter 32 bit counter and so on. So it is very awkward to write various size of counters and put it in the library but if you look at the counter code we have written everything is kind of like if you have an 8 bit counter to go to 16 bit counter there is no much change is required wherever you have set the counter size the output is say count is standard logic vectors say 7 out to 0 if you say 15 out to 0 automatically that becomes a 16 bit counter that shows that instead of kind of hard coding the width if we can say if we can specify it as a constant and somehow okay we do not specify the constant value then but when we instantiate if we can specify what is the width we require then we will get a generic counter whose size or which size is configurable okay its size can be configurable that is a basic idea and that depends in the case of counter it is very simple it may not be very simple to write generic count generic components with various parameters kind of configurable you take a FIFO you can have a configurable width may be FIFO as a width of 8 bit or a 16 bit and you can also think of a FIFO with a configurable depth like you can say a 256 entry FIFO or a 1k entry FIFO and so on. So, maybe it is worthwhile to write a configurable width and configurable that depth FIFO and similarly you can think about say you think about a dual port RAM or a multi port RAM where the width is configurable the depth is configurable number of ports are configurable all that and when it comes to that it may not be that easy to write a generic kind of code but at least in very simple cases it is very nice if you can write generic component which are configurable which has configurable sizes depth and so on okay it is up to your need and imagination that you can write the generic components. So let us look at an example of a generic counter okay counter which can be configured upon the instantiation that is our idea. So, let us look at the slide so this is how the generic so I will show the code fast then I will show the package before that. So, assume that we have a package declaration followed with a counter declaration. So the counter you see the library the packages standard logic 1164 and standard logic unsigned because we know that we are going to use Q gets Q plus 1 the see the here is the game in the entity when we declare the port say the inputs are clock and reset which is kind of in type count is output now which say standard logic vector now instead of saying that 7 down to 0 we define a constant called size okay we say size minus 1 down to 0 okay if it is 8 then it is 8 minus 1 down to 0 if it is 16 then it is 15 down to 0 and so on okay. Now we define a constant and this is nothing but a constant generic is a constant but the name given in this generic structure is this keyword generic and we open the bracket and we give the name for that particular generic size it is data type okay size colon data type and it is default value this is not the fixed value suppose at the time of instantiation if you do not specify any width then it is taken as a 4 bit counter that is the meaning of this colon equal to 4. Now we need a Q signal in the architecture declaration region the same thing applies we say instead of particular width we say Q is standard logic vector size minus 1 down to 0 count gets Q the code is same clock reset if reset is 1 Q is 0 otherwise on the clock Q gets Q plus 1 end if end process okay that is the code for a generic counter since we are putting this into a package then we write a component package header with the library and the package the 1164 package use close then we say package xy packages then whatever was in the entity like the generic and the port we write here generic and which is same as the port declaration whatever was in the entity declaration then the port declaration same component okay generic is required because you see that this data type need to be verified when we specify when we instantiate the compiler has to verify that it is integer that is why it is written here and now when you use there are two ways of using it when you exactly instantiate that in a top level component the default value is 4. So you can say like earlier you can say c1 count port map the clock that means the clock goes to the clock pin the reset goes to reset pin and the co goes to the output of the counter okay. So here you will get a counter with the default value which is 4 bit now suppose you want this to be an 8 bit counter like port is mapped from formal to actual we do a generic map formal was the constant size and the size is mapped to 8. So a label count generic map 8 and port map clock reset the co mind you in the generic you can have any number of parameters say you can think of a generic with size integer equal to 4 and then you have semicolon then you say width colon integer equal to some default value and so on. So any number of generic parameters are possible and when you map it you can say generic map then the size is mapped to something width is mapped to something with a named association you can say that. So that is shown as an example here say we are writing this is only for simulation entity nand2 that is the entity's name and this is a port declaration i1 and i2 is input, o1 is output of standard logic type and we have two generic, generic tplh that is propagation delay is of type time default value is 3 nanosecond tplh type time 2 nanosecond and somewhere in the code we are going to write o1 is i1 nand i2 after tplh plus tphl divided by 2 because this is given normally we say after 10 nanosecond after 5 nanosecond. So now this is given a proper average of the propagation delay so that is how you know that shows another example of using the generic which shows that the multiple generic can be used more than one can be used you have to map it definitely when you instantiate you have to say nand2 generic map you can say may be 5 nanosecond, 7 nanosecond and port map and things like that so exactly like this you can say. So that is how you instantiate a generic component now when you have generic in a hierarchy okay suppose we have a timer which is a generic timer suppose somebody has written a timer which is generic and the width of the timer is specified as a generic called t width okay timer width in that means you write the entity timer here you say generic t width is some integer and some width okay and we assume that after all the timer is nothing but a counter with some decoding so we assume that in the timer code this particular counter is instantiated okay and counter itself is generic you assume that the timer is generic and the counter is generic. So when you instantiate the counter in the timer generic timer the size of the counter like we had a size generic that can be because if you write that to a specific value then there is an issue because if the timer is going to be used instantiated by somebody else with a particular width so naturally that has to come down to the counter. So you can say like say count generic map t width which is nothing but the generic of the timer which instantiate this counter so essentially the generic can be kind of hierarchically passed down through the components that is meaning of it I hope that is I have made it clear because to show an example I have to write so many code so that is why this is with this much discussion I think it is most probably it is clear in your mind. So that is about basically the libraries and the packages we have seen how to put a component in a package so there is a particular package body which has to come on top of the entity and architecture and then you have to compile that into a particular library which is tool specific and once you compile then then you just say use that particular library dot the particular package dot all and you do not have to say component you do not have to do the component declaration in the architecture declaration region because that is part of the package now and then you can instantiate the components. Then we have seen how to write generic components components with a kind of generic width generic depth and so on so that when you instantiate you can specify the width or the depth or the sizes so that you do not kind of write various size components for the library you have a single generic component which when you instantiate you specify the configurable parameters then you get what you want and also we have seen that when you use it hierarchically a generic component is used in a generic top level entity the generic of the top level entity can be passed down as generic of the instantiated component so that is a lot of jugglery with the words but I think you can kind of catch the basic idea behind it. So let us move on so that kind of completes the packages but then there is one thing like when you suppose you have put a particular say counter so you have called your particular counter a counter and you have put it in a particular library okay. Now there could be somebody else might write a component called counter again and put it in some library and you use say at the beginning of the code library IEEE xylib mylib and so on and then you say use xylib.xypackage.all use mylib.mypackage.all assume that there is a component called counter in mylib and xylib and somewhere you instantiate that particular counter and depending on which package is kind of specified at the beginning that will come from that it may not be the counter that you want okay. So there has to be some way of telling the tool or the compiler saying that for this particular instantiation this particular component has to come from a particular library particular package and you can even maybe go very specific that may be that particular component as multiple architectures you may have you can say I want this particular component and a particular architecture. So the way to specify that is called configuration and there are two kind of configuration specification and configuration declaration okay. So the configuration specification basically is specified in the architecture declaration region and it binds the component instantiated in the architecture statement region to a particular library. That means basically when you say configuration specification we are going to instantiate lot of components in the architecture kind of statement region and those components can be declared in the architecture declaration region. But in the declaration region again we are going to say which library which package which is the entity architecture pair in that particular package to be used for this particular instantiation that is what is configuration specification. But when you say configuration declaration it is more than that it is a separate unit design unit that means you write a entity you write an architecture and you write a configuration for that particular entity okay. It is a separate design unit and it is hierarchical that means that you may write an entity and architecture with a configuration and a higher level entity might use this particular entity architecture pair along with the configuration and that top level entity can have its own configuration and so on okay. So this configuration declaration is a separate unit it is hierarchical it is specified at the end you know. So you have suppose you have a library and package you have an entity that entity might have multiple architectures say architecture 1, architecture 2 at the end we specify the configuration which say at least which of the architecture to be used when we particularly kind of use that in a design okay that is the basic idea of configuration. So it does two things it will bind the top level entity to one of the many architecture it has. So this configuration is going to specify which of the architecture is bind to this particular entity okay. Also not only that it will say that suppose this entity uses lot of components it will say where those components from which library which package which architecture it should be used you know which library where it comes from it specify. So it specify configuration declaration specify two things it specify which architecture to be used by the top level entity which are the components where does the components instantiated comes from is specified. So we will see both okay configuration specification and configuration declaration. We take this as an example the full adder so equations are simple A XOR B XOR C that is the sum. So we are going to instantiate two component to XOR gate AB gives S1, S1 and C in gives the sum and so here it is the carry out AB, BC, AC, AB gives S2, BC gives S3, AC gives S4 then S2, S3 gives S5, S5 and S4 gives C out. So two XOR gate, three AND gate and two OR gates okay. So let us look at the configuration specification first. So this is the library declaration we are say assuming that there are in addition to IEEE there are some HS lab, CM lab where these AND gates and OR gates and XOR gates are put and this is the full adder entity. So ABC is the input, sum and C out is the output and this is the declaration region and where we declare the components XOR2, D1, D2 is input, DZ is the output and AND2 we specify the output first then the input in the AND2 component and then the OR2 component where the inputs are first then the output is the second and we declare the internal signal like S1, S2, S3, S4, S5. So S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 is declared so that we can do the instantiation. Now when it comes to the begin this is the instantiation you say X1, X2 are the XOR gates you can see it is nicely instantiated AB S1, S1C in S sum and the AND2 is kind of reverse. So AB and S2, BC and S3, BC and S3, AC and S4 that is AND2 and OR the first OR is S2, S3, S5 that is this and S4, S5, C out that is this. Now we are going to say where this X1, X2, A1, A2, A3, O1, O2 is coming from. So mind you we have 2 XOR gates, 3 AND gates and 2 OR gates okay X1, S2, A1, 2, A3, O1 and O2 and that is specified before the begin this binding of the component to the library package or the architecture is specified before the begin. So we go back and you see after the component declaration, signal declaration we are specifying the configuration. So we say that 4 X1, X2 these are the instantiated kind of labels colon that is a entity XOR2 use entity work which is a work library dot XOR2 that means that is a entity name. We assume that there was we have written an entity called XOR2 with multiple architecture which is compiled into a work library and you see in the bracket which is say XOR behave or be which is the architecture we have used okay. So we assume XOR2 has multiple architecture. This is a particular architecture we want to use for X1 and X2. So the syntax is 4 label the entity use entity library if you have package dot package dot entity and within the bracket the architecture. Similarly say 4 A3 and 2 use entity library here there is no package it is directly compiled in library the entity architecture and you could even change the port mapping by kind of if you use some other port names in the instantiation you can change it from the formal to the actual whichever way you have used for the instantiation. So you can re do the port mapping and for all OR2 that means for all instantiation of OR2 use entity you know this particular library entity and architecture for others and do that means we are here we have used only for A3 for all other and to use the particular library entity architecture and the port map is done to change the port mapping. So that is how the specification configuration specification is done wherein the instantiated components are bind to particular library packages entity and architecture ok. So let us see the configuration declaration so which has two purposes which binds an entity to architecture. So we are assuming that this particular entity for which the configuration is written as multiple architectures and which also bind the components which is used in the architecture to a particular library. So let us look at the very simple example wherein the entity is just bind to the architecture. So there this is the syntax configuration which is a keyword a name. So here we are writing the configuration for full adder. So I have called it FA underscore con FA con of full adder is and we say end that name then that is the body of the configuration declaration and inside we say for FA underscore str. So this is the architecture which to this particular entity is binded ok for FA str n4 ok. So very simple thing we bind the entity to architecture. So this particular entity is bound to this particular architecture but assume that you have a lot of components are declared and you want to bind those components to specific library. So that can be specified within this body of like you say for FA str n4 within this you can specify as we have specified in the configuration specification. So that is shown here like configuration name of full adder is and you say for FA str n4 that is why it is that is how the entity is binded to the architecture. Now within that you can say for a1, a2, a3 and to use entity library entity architecture and so on. So all how we have done like for others or two means for all or two we do not say anything it can come from anywhere. But interestingly we say here for all x or 2 that means in our previous case you had x1, x2, 2 instantiation we say use configuration work dot x or 2 con that means for this particular entity x or 2 there is an architecture may be multiple architecture. Also in along with the entity there is a configuration called x or 2 con which binds the x or 2 entity to some architecture which binds if at all some components is used within the x or 2 that is bind to a particular library. So that is how at the beginning we said that the configuration is hierarchical. So we have a configuration for the full adder and we also have a configuration for the component used within and we just say use that particular configuration. So that is what how the configuration declaration is that. So now so the two things we have seen with the configuration is that basically configuration specification and configuration declaration. Configuration specification is specified in the architecture declaration region. So whenever you have some components instantiated in the architecture statement region this configuration declaration specify where these component labels by labels you can specify where it comes from which library which package which entity and which architecture. Okay and the configuration specification bind that particular entity to an architecture also it says if the components are instantiated where it comes from and the configuration can be hierarchical. So you could write components with configuration and go to a top level entity where this components is used and you can say at the top level entity to use that particular configuration for those components instantiated. So that is hierarchical. So that is kind of complete the library and packages we have seen how to write generic you know library packages how to put it in library how to instantiate it how to use generic packages and how to specify where these components should come from by configuration specification configuration declaration and so on. So we have little more portion left in the VHDL for a logical conclusion before we start with the controller in digital kind of state machine. So maybe we have a we will have a brief look at it and we will try to complete in the next lecture. So I just want to give various packages operators and function so that you are familiar you can use it properly. So we have seen this particular package already like you have a package called standard logic 1164 which is an IEEE package in the IEEE library and we know that the standard U logic is defined in that we have seen it. It takes 9 values Ux01, ZW, LH and dash which is down care and we have a subtype which is called standard logic which is a resolved version of standard U logic. And I briefly mentioned earlier resolved means when multiple standard U logic drives a bus this resolution function tell what is the resultant value that is the meaning of this resolved. We will see that as we go along in the VHDL and we have a standard U logic vector defined as an unconstrained array standard logic vector which is defined as a unconstrained array of standard logic. And we have in this standard logic 1164 package all the logical operators like AND, NAND or NOR, XOR, XNOR and NOT overloaded for this particular standard logic and standard logic vector okay. So you want to use that then logical operators with the standard logic then use particular library and also it has another because this only specify the logic operators but we need arithmetic operators, we need relational operators but that is not found in the 1164 library package and that is specified in this particular package like standard underscore logic underscore unsigned package it is specified. And basically it specify the standard logic and standard logic vector and you have these operators arithmetic operators you have plus minus multiplication and division you have relational operators like less than greater than equal to not equal to less than or equal to and not I mean greater than or equal to. You have shift operators now mind you that this is called SHR shift right and SHL which is shift left okay. And you can convert this many a times in the code we need to convert a standard logic vector to an integer say example is that you have some address as a standard logic vector and you are right trying to write the VHDL code for a memory or a FIFO and this the address location is an array okay. So, you specify address as a say 4 bit 1010. So, it should go to the 10th location. So, normally that is converted to an integer as a 10. So, where in this is used which is called con underscore integer and you specify the standard logic vector here you get the integer as a it returns an integer which can be used as an integer type. So, I think we will see in the next lecture all the packages various packages various operators. So, that you can use these packages to quickly design that is the basic idea. And also if you have a idea about various packages various operators it is very easy to code and very easy to be kind of keep compatibility. So, what is the kind of recommendation of what is current packages because there are some old packages which is kind of superseded by the new packages. So, it is recommended that when you design use the current packages than the old one and things like that and some packages may be used for a particular only simulation not for synthesis. So, all that we will see in the next lecture please go through the portions provided try to understand it work out small example. So, that you become thorough with the syntax and you get the idea. So, I wish you all the best and thank you.


I'm Robert Page. I'm the men's national team manager. It was an incredible time of my career, no doubt the player's career. Be it in the Ukraine team that was going through all the emotion of what their country was going through. And we found ourselves in a difficult position. But we also want to be successful and qualify for the first World Cup in many years. And we had to be professional and strip the emotions out of it. And for them to deliver the performances that they did consistently to qualify for the World Cup was an incredible achievement. It's a country that's obviously small but near massive impassion. And I think we've certainly felt that throughout the qualifying campaign and even when we were at the World Cup. Our supporters are incredible. They've played a massive part in helping us be successful. For the fans, reaching the World Cup was a massive achievement. For them to look back and have those memories and as it is for us as players, it's brilliant. W went absolutely played a part in that song. Amor O'Heid, you know, it just resonates with us as Welsh people. And we use that to galvanise us as one, you know, us and the supporters.  It's great to be nominated for this award. As players, obviously we tend to get a lot of praise when things go well. But I think something as players, we're really thankful for all the staff at the FAW. You've done such a fantastic job with that. Yeah, it's an amazing achievement, what the boys have done. And to be recognised for that is credit to the players. We're just so proud we've been a part of it.