And we're here to talk about love. You know, we like to talk about love. And it's not just the love boat kind of love that we're talking about today. We are talking about 1 Corinthians 13, the love chapter. And although it applies to love, marriage, love, love, love, Paul was writing to the church. And he was writing to people like you and me who were just not quite getting along. Like we do sometimes with people that we love. There were some differences of opinion politically and they were just kind of rubbing up against each other's shoulders like we do sometime with people that we love. So he wrote us this amazing guide to love that is full of great stuff that we're gonna share this morning. You know, sometimes love is not easy, right? We rub up against the people that we live with, the people you left at home. And sometimes you might feel like Linus. If I could just keep them all at a safe distance. You know, he was told to love people. And he said, I love mankind, it's people I can't stand. Because sometimes people are just so people. We're just so human. The fact of the matter is every single woman in this room right here is weird. Can we just admit it? All of us, everybody is somebody else's weirdo. And you know, that's just the body of Christ. That's the human race. And Paul steps in and says, let me give you some words of wisdom and how to love on these people who are all so weird, right? And there is great stuff in here. Jesus, he told us, you know, if you only love those who are easy to love, what benefit is that to you? That's not hard. But he says to love your enemies and pray for those who make life really difficult for you. This is not an option. He doesn't say, you know, love most people. And you can go ahead and hate the other ones. He doesn't say that. He says, love your enemy. And let me show you how it's done. You know, without love it says in 1 Corinthians, we're gonna be jumping all over this passage all this morning, but at the beginning it basically says, you know, without love, you might as either well be mute or just sound like this noise, this clanging, bashing, annoying truck, trash day noise that just you can't hear anything beyond if there's not love accompanied by what you're saying. We have a God of love. And this passage reminds us that love is not just what you say, it's actions. In fact, in 1 Corinthians, it's all about actions. There are 15 verbs in 1 Corinthians 13. 15 verbs, it's do, do. It's love is an action verb. Paul doesn't even mention emotions here. He's kind of talking about obedience and stepping out in love. 1 Corinthians 13.7 is the verse that I chose. This is one of my favorite ones in the passage. And it says, love bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things. And since everybody out there has probably got a different version of the Bible in your lap, some other versions say, love is always supportive, loyal, hopeful, and trusting. I like that. Love bears up under anything and everything that comes. It's ever ready to believe the best of every person. Its hopes are fadeless under all circumstances. And it endures everything without weakening. Love does, and does, and does, and does. And I wanna take a minute to affirm you for the love that you do. Cause I know in this room, there are people who are very busy loving on other people. And you might be in here, be draggled and tired because you need a break from these people. You're so busy loving.  And I'm so happy that you're here today.  Some of you, your love muscle is being tested by teens at home who snarl just because you're standing there. What did I do?  You know, some of you are loving on elderly parents and it's difficult and draining and exhausting. Your hands are busy. Some of you have children with special needs.  You are busy and I know you. And a lot of times love says I love you without saying a word, right? My mom is like this. I grew up, my mom's not saved yet, yet. And we didn't grow up in a house of faith at all. I heard God's name used around the house quite a bit but it was not the way I like to use his name. But my mom is an amazing mom. And she says, I love you all the time with her hands. She wasn't one of those kinds of moms who would just like scoop me into her big double Ds which I also didn't inherit from her and say, ooh, I love you. You know, she just wasn't one of those mush pots like that. She was more the pat on the head, there you go. Let me show you how to do this. Here's how we make a square corner. You know, she'd make the lunch, she'd drive us everywhere. She's sewed, she's sewed. Does anybody really sew anymore? I mean, I don't, I've done a pillow and she actually sewed the badges on our brownie sashes. I've tried to glue gun those things on and that doesn't work.  It bothered me a little that she wasn't very emotional but then I realized, okay, her hands said, I love you. Oh, this is hard. I realized how hard this was and what a rock my mom was. I wanna show you a picture of my mom's hands. Did you ever look down at your own hands and say, I know these hands. They're my mom's.  She says, oh, they're so veiny and knuckly and I don't, ooh, and I take her hands and I say, mom, I love your hands because they say, I love you and I hope I can do the same with my family and I know you have been doing the same all week. So I just wanna affirm you that, you know, a lot of that stuff you do day in and day out that says I love you without a word, you know who notices it is Jesus because when we love on the least of these it's as if we're loving him. So even now he says, thank you, thank you. Well, this song was about my mom's hands but it's obviously about yours too. A breath ago the day was new filled with many things to do. A shoe to tie, a toy to fix, a tear to dry, a cheek to give and I remember you. A little nursery rhymes, a favorite book, a thousand times, a plate of love, a food to grow, and some kisses you would throw and I remember you and your hands silently, they loved me hands of grace and strength for life your hands silently they guided me more than all the stars out there are the ways you showed me that you care and I'll remember a good night and there beneath the kitchen light is the endless work undone I guess I'll be waking with the sun and now as I've grown I realize the tireless hours of sacrifice an image of your love for me I pray that I can be I pray that I loved me hands of grace and strength and all the stars out there are the ways you showed me and I'll remember I see some tears and I know there's all kinds of mom stories out there some who you know you had a great mom maybe you're missing her maybe she has passed away maybe some of you you know are feeling like man I got gypped and some of you might be the mom who's sitting there going well there's no way anyone will ever write that song about me but you know our God is a God of new beginnings right? every day is new his mercies are new every morning praise the Lord he gave us morning I'm so glad he didn't make it just one long string of life I'm so glad I get to go to bed at night and start up in the morning and say thank you Lord this is the day that you've made and I'm gonna start fresh the first time I played that song for my mom though her reaction was I don't deserve that song because she remembers all her failures well not all of them but she remembers a lot of the things that she did that she would love to do again just as I do but as her daughter I don't remember the bad stuff about my mom I just remember the good stuff and I'm banking on it being the same way with my daughters selective memory love bears all things believes all things hopes all things endures all things love bears all things let's look at that for a second the Greek word that this comes from you know you think oh I can't bear it any longer but actually the word is more a word that means to cover up something to protect like a roof in a heavy rain and we are called to protect the people that we love you know love covers a multitude of sins is the way that it said in first Peter for 18 means building someone up rather than tearing them down protecting somebody's reputation all the time bears all things we gotta remember that word all is in there for a reason we are to protect the people that we love with our words in and out of their presence I heard it said that people are quick to believe the bad things about good people it's kinda sad so I love how Spurgeon said that love stands in the presence of a fault with a finger on her lip that's really good advice isn't it especially for us women who it can be a little hard sometimes especially if you're from a family that the DNA is just to kinda talk about stuff people or share a little bit too much and we women you know we just find ourselves being a little loose-lipped sometimes and really love bears all things all the time with patience which also goes along with forbearance just connected here love also believes all things this gives the person the benefit of the doubt always trusts innocent before proof and guilty you know always believes the best in a person by the way this does not mean believing blindly in someone who has proven to be not trustworthy and dangerous right let's just get that straight that some relationships need healthy boundaries but love believes all things really does mean that we believe God sees something good in that person we can't always see it but God does and we can trust that God sees something and trust God to know speaking these words of belief into people is so powerful right you know you know if you tell a kid you can hit that ball you can do it are you really smart that kid is gonna feel like they can hit that ball and like they're really smart our words have so much power in them and when we believe in them and this isn't you know dumb belief like you're gonna win that lottery I just believe it you can lead people into a lot of debt that way or a really uncoordinated kid you're gonna get into the Olympics I just believe it you know it's not that right it is believing truth and sometimes this takes time and love takes time right getting to know somebody so well that you say you are creative you are loyal you are diligent aren't you and speaking those things into the people that we love love believes all things have you ever watched that show The Dog Whisper how many of you have dogs out there I'm just kinda curious my friends my friends I have a dog and he's an adopted dog and he's a mess you know it's it's really kind of a crapshoot when you get a dog from the pound you never know what you're getting and sometimes they're great and sometimes they're well he he is trainable but this this show The Dog Whisper sometimes they hit this Cesar Malan has these dogs on there that you just think oh my gosh and this recent show had this little a darling looking Cocker Spaniel that was just snarling and snapping and lashing out and I thought oh I would have gotten rid of that dog in a day it was just a scary little dog because it looks so cute now wow so they bring Cesar Malan in and the guy within five minutes has that dog just sitting there calmly and the parents are just how are you doing this and I realize it's because he knows dogs he's like a dog psychologist they call him The Dog Whisper he really does know fears and psyches of dogs and he knows how to love it out of them and control it out of them and he says that no dog is a lost cause even mine how much more does God know us he's the man whisperer the human whisper he knows why we're so weird he knows why we do the things we do he knows our past he knows our fears and our burdens he's right there and so believing that God looks inside each one of you and says I love you I have plans for you and I can work with this stuff really well you just give it to me that's believing in all things believing God can work this out for good because that's the kind of God that we serve love never gives up on people it's never a lost cost love also hopes all things I love this one this is probably my favorite word of the four love hopes all things in another pastor's words love refuses to take failure as final you know failure can be a very beautiful thing I read a book a long time ago called the failure the backdoor to success and I went that's me because I feel like even when I was a kid growing up and back when I took tests a lot of it was was a multiple choice I think that's why I got decent grades I can't remember anything but I can pick a bubble out of three you know but um when I would get a question a question wrong if if you go back over the quiz you go man shoot and I'm probably not going to get that question wrong again because you learn through failure I've learned through a lot of failure and we don't always have to look at it as such a bad thing right James 1 2 through 4 says consider it joy my beloved when you encounter various trials for the the testing of your faith produces endurance and let endurance have its perfect result that you be complete lacking in nothing the trials complete us so even though our knee jerk reaction isn't going to be yay when something hard comes along or we fall on our face we can say okay god you're going to do something in that unseen realm of eternity that you can see and I can't I have joy knowing that you're going to turn this into something good because he always does he completes us he reveals us and he refines us through those trials and those failures you know I really had the delusional thinking that I was going to be a fantastic mom just by osmosis because my mom was an amazing mom you know and then I met myself you know I had this image of myself I was going to be a mom who kept my my uh my house clean my car clean forget it you know I was going to be a mom who was the fun mom who took my kids to the beach and played in the water with them not one of those boring moms who sits on the sand and talks to the other moms and then I became a mom and I realized how fun it was to sit on the sand and talk with the other I go play go play you know I was going to be a mom who like painted with my kids in the house and let them cook and then I started trying that with a toddler and a three-year-old and thought oh they'll do that in preschool you know I was going to be a mom I don't know if this is you but I was going to be a mom who never yelled at my kids because I saw that before I had children and I would just be so pious I'd look at that and go oh that woman is out of control she just needs to take a class or something I'm not going to behave that way my children are not going to behave that way and then I had four kids and I was introduced to a side of Janna that I didn't even know was under there you know it's hard enough if you just have people you've got to keep alive right it's just stressful but then throw in a strong-willed kid I had two little blondies that were just you know they were yeah they were okay and then Brittany my third she came out of the womb with guns loaded her favorite word was no I will not eat that I will not wear that you will not put that in my hair no no no I will scream when you try to put medicine in my mouth there I am sitting on this kid you will drink this medicine it was 50 bucks this kid wore me out we have any parents of strong-willed children are out there oh the weary ones right and you just think why can't you just say yes ever or okay I'll tell you what I was introduced to a side of me that I was not very proud of again and again and again and I felt like a failure and I would compare myself to other moms who seemed to have it all together and their children were well dressed and had braids in their hair and you know they'd show up at these little things and these kids were just walking beside them and mine are like wild and running around they're going to look back at their pictures and say mom we look like little homeless children I'm gonna say I tried I really tried but eventually you just get worn out right I just was not happy with me a lot of times but how beautiful is the friend who comes alongside you and says I know I'm just the same I lost it with my kid the other day too what are we gonna do and they will pray with you and they will believe in you that we are all growing as moms and as grandmas and as teachers and as moms we are all growing we never stop growing we never stop growing right it's this journey that we're on you know I learned with that really super hard will a strong-willed little girl her name was Brittany she is now 21 and I used to just think God can you please just make her stop change her personality this is just really hard and now that she's 21 I go oh shame on me because Brittany who had all that passion is now Brittany with all this passion she walks in the room and the party starts she loves everybody so much and I think wow Lord you know what I just need to remember that you see something different help me see what you see James 1 5 says if any of you lacks wisdom let him or her ask of God who gives generously and without finding fault I love that and you know what are beautiful words that we can give to our family I'm sorry I was wrong what a beautiful gift that is to give to the members of our family right I'm sorry I was wrong you know I love a friend who will sit with me and say all right sister here we go God is at work Romans 8 28 faithful and truly loving is the one who can see that God works in situations and he sees the beauty in a mess you know God can take a mess and turn it into ministry one of the ugliest messes I ever got myself into started when I was 16 years old and I was on the gymnastics team excuse me and everybody on the gymnastics team was just super thin and I wasn't and they said okay here's how we stay thin we eat and then we uneat if you know what I mean and at first I was horrified but then I thought okay I'll try it and it became a little habit through gymnastics season that lasted through high school and became this secret habit of mine that became an addiction that became bondage in my life an ugly defeating disgusting time-wasting addiction you know that kind of addiction an addiction owns you right it owns your time it owns your thoughts and I was owned by that thing it was the truth of Jesus Christ that finally set me free the truth of the scriptures that we do have an enemy who lies and lies and lies and the truth of who we are in Jesus Christ if we really believe it and abide in it it will set us free and I was sitting in this bible study and boom I just knew I was set free and the holy spirit just started doing something really different in my life really different I remember sharing that with one of my good friends like that's not a pretty thing to share with a friend that I had been struggling with this since I was 16 I was now 28 and I'll never forget she didn't bat an eye she was like really how cool that now God is going to use this as a ministry because she knew I wanted to share it with women and as soon as I did the doors started flinging open with other women with similar problems or the same problems and we started to pray and I watched God turn that mess into a ministry isn't that an awesome friend who loves you for who you are who accepts you with all your junk nothing's nothing surprises me anymore nothing because we were hurting people another time when I watched my friends oh I want to share this first with you that goes along with that 2nd Corinthians 12 9 and 10 my grace is sufficient for you for power is perfected in weakness therefore I will boast about my weaknesses so that the power of Christ may dwell in me for when I'm weak then I'm strong amen I love those words there was one other time when I don't think I was weaker than when I went through something I never thought I was going to go through I was married to a pastor and we lived the perfect life we live in Irvine safest town in United States I'm happy to report just came out the other day and he was a pastor at a church college pastor and we lived in this nice little house and I had a daughter and I had a golden retriever very obedient golden retriever we were making tapes we were a band tapes remember we were in a worship team everything was just this picture of wonderful and then this husband of mine who everybody admired including me decided to peace out of the marriage just you know he was always a difficult guy to understand but when I finally said hey you know I don't feel very close his answer was I've never felt close I've never loved you I cannot do this I've tried and I'm out I was seven and a half months pregnant with our second daughter and it was pretty much disaster it was disaster to our church it was disaster to those college students it was scary it was overwhelming it was embarrassing when I found out that he had left with the secretary and not only that he'd had a full blown affair with a close friend of mine for a long time this pretty much took my tiny little world shook it up and turned it upside down right but God encloses gifts he loves us so much that even in a messy messy messy time like that he extends these gifts to us and sometimes it takes a while to unwrap it right and go and he extended to me the gift of fellowship with him in that dark place like I never knew before it mattered to me it mattered so much to me that I was his daughter because so much can change in who we think we are suddenly all this stuff that I thought was me wasn't there and I had to really wrestle with who am I I'm a daughter of the king I am the I am the daughter of the king he loves me he's got a plan for me and that will never change and that's like all I needed I would go and worship and just cry my eyes out but then there was this joy of thank you God I'm not alone and my love for the word just became you know I was just clinging to the word I love watching the sign language people down there and the girl did the sign for trust I will trust you Lord I was hanging on to the word of God breathing it in like water and like food he was just doing so many great things in me but I did see a side of me I didn't like so much I was out of control I said things that weren't nice you know I was mad and yet my friends who really love me they were there they were there to speak truth into my life and to hold me back when I needed to just start piping down to remind me that I'm a daughter of the king and God's gonna somehow use this and they're the ones who often wouldn't say anything they just did things like help me move I mean is that not the definition of love can you help me move you must love me they were digging around under these you know long forgotten drawers and finding nasty stuff in there and you know just helping me move and every time I would see these friends I would think God what would I do without them they helped me with their hands they we prayed together we cried together and we laughed together in the middle of this crazy stuff we'd find ourselves just busting out drinking coffee laughing that is a gift from heaven a true friend like that who really knows you is a gift from heaven and that's what I call this song I'm going to share with you called gift from heaven but I affectionately call this song the coffee song because I love coffee and I think we do a lot of life over coffee don't we you know I guess some of you drink tea and that's okay someday you'll grow up with you have known the joy of laughing till we cry and even if we spend all day the hours always fly away there's no need for decorating all my words with you my heart is free an image of his tender love for me we have gathered in the sunshine and we've chatted through the rain joy we've shared in answered prayer and we've worn each other's pain you're a gift to me from heaven a value without end oh the joy of knowing you friend sharing deep convictions as we watch our children play countless cups of coffee I'm hearing half of what you say because my kids were always interrupting forever the life is sometimes pain on pain or sometimes it's simply blue a tear a prayer the lord is there between two is one who seeks to find his loving hand even as I fall and how priceless and is each word you've given me to help me stand hear his call a gift to me from heaven a value the joy of knowing that's a true friend and I have a friend I think about a lot she gave me this plaque once that says in my father's house are many mansions you know from john 14 in my father's house are many mansions I hope mine is right next door to yours some of you crafty people out there you need to make that because we all identify with that there's just not enough time I'm going to meet a bunch of you here today and go oh we could be golf you know sometimes I get to go and do concerts around the world and I meet people and I think I love you I want to hang out with you and I have to say goodbye but when we are sisters in Jesus it's hasta luego I'll see you later I'll see you in heaven and in heaven we have forever to look back and see all the great things that God did through the tragedies and the trials and the traumas and we will rejoice because he really does cause all things to work together for good there was one last trial failure place I never wanted to go where that I never would have made made it a day without the love of the people around me and that was you know I have two daughters from my first marriage by the way I have to make something very clear one time I didn't clarify that and I almost didn't just now my husband is in the back and one time I didn't clarify that and he said Jan I you didn't tell those ladies that I wasn't the guy I almost did that no he's not the guy there's a handsome guy right back there wave your hand that's my husband Ron Eliara he was Ron wave your hand he was brave enough to marry a woman and two young kids and we got married and then we had britney as a little party and another and another little daughter he's just an incredible guy who produces all our music and he's just amazing but a year into our marriage a year and a half into our marriage we had just started doing our our children's music and I was we were on our way to do one of our first big concerts and hopefully the worst thing that I ever go through happened there could be more we never know but my little daughter who was then just turned four that was the last day of her life because we were involved in a car accident that just took her life like that just turned the wrong way didn't see a set of red lights looked down at a map at the wrong time and boom everything changed no place any mom anyone ever wants to go and I always said I would go crazy if I ever had to say goodbye to one of my children but because of Jesus Christ it's not goodbye it's hasta luego right amen she is in heaven she is dancing it is well it is well with my soul and I cannot wait to see her again not that I haven't cried a lot of tears but I know my god keeps those in a bottle and I know that in the meantime he has used that tragedy in ways I couldn't I could stand up here for five hours until you guys the stuff he has done through that tragedy where he has turned mourning to dancing and ashes into something beautiful you know I never thought I'd be able to sing with kids again and then he just started downloading these songs into my mind nothing absolutely nothing will separate us from the love of god that's true you know do you ever do that with scriptures the word of god is living and active and sometimes it just comes alive in you like I read that a hundred times and I and now I get it it nothing will separate us from the love of god in christ jesus so I wrote a song about it and it's been sung all over the place and sometimes when I see those little kids in other states other countries and they're singing that song I imagine this little four-year-old girl in my cloud of witnesses saying go mom go mom you keep singing those songs because this is real this is real even though you're getting a little old just keep singing god doesn't care just keep telling the truth because it's true her we live by faith but she lives what I believe she lives what I believe and so ever since she went home to heaven there's like this hook this tether from my heart to heaven I think about it all the time and I love a friend who loves me enough to remind me of heaven all the time that there's something bigger here that there's forever there's eternity this life is like five minutes it's a blink so help me to live my five minutes well lord and to love those around me like you would love me and love is beautiful it bears all things believes all things hopes all things and it endures all things right it endures all things that word is kind of like a military word that says I am not giving up this battle I'm gonna be right here there's a lot of fighting words in that word and we need to extend that to the people that we love I am not going anywhere because that's exactly what Jesus says to us we could take Jesus name and put it in all these you know today as we're looking at 1st Corinthians 13 let's put Jesus name in place of love Jesus bears all things Jesus believes in you Jesus hopes he has hope for you Jesus believes in you he knows the bigger picture and that's why we give that kind of love to other people he will do things that are a little bit unexpected because we can't do this alone right we can't love in our own flesh because sometimes it's just hard I will never forget when the woman who was my friend walked in the door who'd had the affair with my husband and it was a moment that I never expected it to go down like this she just came in and she was flooding you know her tears were just running out down her face and she says can you forgive me because she was broken and truly sorry and we fell in this pile of arms and tears on the floor and I said I forgive you that's the power of Jesus and I actually love that girl not that we're gonna hang out or anything that could be a little weird but I truly have love in my heart big love I have love in my heart for my ex-husband as many question marks as I have I am free you know Jesus says to forgive and that's not an option either but he says that so that we can be free as well because when we hold a grudge it holds us he will do it through us I love that story of Cory Ten Boom my hero who I can't wait to me I'm gonna chase her down in heaven Cory it's gonna be a long line behind her but oh Cory please I want to talk to you Cory Ten Boom who was a she was in a concentration camp and when she got out she tells the story that you know I mean that's a living hell we can't even imagine what they went through and when she got out she was preaching on forgiveness at a church in Germany and then after she gets done this man walks up and he says froline and he sticks his hand out he was one of the Nazi whatever he was sergeant who had mocked her and made them walk naked in front of him and tortured them and and here he is standing in front of her with his hand out froline isn't it great that the Lord forgives me too and in her mind she's going I can't I can't do it I can't do it I can't love this man I can't love this man God can't love him and out of obedience she stuck her hand out just out of she's okay I'll just stick my hand out and as she grabbed his hand she said she felt this electricity go up through her arm and into her heart and she loved that man because what we need to do is stick our hand out God calls us to just go there and he will do the loving through us when we do not have it in and of ourselves one of my favorite prayers that I share with young moms and you know myself is God make me love him God make me love her do it in me because I can't do it myself and I promise you he does it because he is love he is love Jesus is love and when we really get that we really get that we have these dark ugly corners of our lives and Jesus walks right into them and says I love you anyway and we understand that he went to that cross with us in mind and he loves us he loves us he loves us when we really understand that grace we can't help but say okay help me do the same help me help me do the same because that's the two greatest commandments right love God love people that's why we're here to love God and love people love endures all things I love this little slide where Charlie Brown and and Snoopy are sitting there and he says if you ask me how long I'll be your friend well my answer will be I don't know because I really don't know which is longer forever or always right we have a God who loves us bears all things believes all things believes in us more than we can possibly understand so the truth of the matter is 1st John 419 we love because he first loved us what a great passage we love because he first loved us so today let's think about it who are we having trouble with who is difficult for me to love maybe it's that ex-husband maybe it's that mother-in-law why does that always make people laugh I love my mother-in-law but I know there's some winners out there maybe it's that annoying neighbor just annoying they're not terrible they're just annoying maybe it's the family member who just loves to cut you down maybe it's the parent whose kid bullies your kid you know there's a lot of things there's a lot of hurt out there who is it that we're having a difficult time loving maybe it's even yourself and you need to remember how Jesus loves you and wants you to say let that go I took it to the cross stop beating yourself up and you know what life is this amazing journey of learning how to love people who are politically opposite from you people who look different than you people who look just like you it's this journey of learning how to love I started that when I was 16 and I can honestly say I'm a little better at it now that I've got some years and some wrinkles a lot of wrinkles and other things that remind me I'm on the downhill slide of life but hopefully my heart is becoming more beautiful as I'm on this journey because that's what Jesus sees and you know it's not just a journey it's a dance and sometimes we just need to stop doing the leading and take Jesus by the hand and let him lead already and lo and behold when we do that the dance becomes a little more fun and we find ourselves becoming a little bit more like him day by day by day day by day I'm learning to love you day by day I'm learning to serve you you take my hand you never walk away as you change my heart Jesus day by day I'm learning to love you day by day I'm learning to serve you you take my hand you never walk away as you change my day by day I'm learning to love you day by day I'm learning to serve you day by day I love you Lord day by day you change my heart


Oh, yeah. Here it is. A little bit of teasing happening here. Are you ready for some more? Hello, my friends.  I've been riding their bikes for the past three years, and I love them. They're super solid, low maintenance, and they just always work. And for a guy like me who has chosen a car-free life, that is key. And Dave and Connor and the whole team at priority are super cool people, and I'm a fan of super cool people. Let's talk about this bike. It's called the Apollo because it has 11 gears, hence the Apollo 11. What you'll notice first off is that this is the coolest-looking bike in their lineup. I mean, there's a freaking rocket ship on this bike, and the production model is going to be even cooler-looking than the one that I have. The front fork with those white racing stripes is pretty sweet. I've been riding this bike for the past month, and it's super fast. By far the fastest bike priority has ever made. No offense to the priority coast. That's a cool cruiser, but it's not fast. It's also the lightest bike they've ever made. The medium comes in at 24 pounds. Mine is the large, so it probably weighs a pound more. There are four sizes, small, medium, large, and extra large, and it comes in green and blue. Like with all priority bicycles, the heart and soul is the low maintenance drivetrain. This is what makes the bike truly unique. There's no other drop bar gravel bike out there with this type of setup. You've got a Gates carbon drive and a new-to-meat gearing system called the Shimano Alphine 11.  It never needs to be lubed, and it doesn't rust. If you get it muddy, you can simply hose it off and you're ready to roll. The Alphine is totally enclosed from the elements, so dirt, grime, and mud don't affect it like a traditional drivetrain.   I looked up the servicing on this hub, and it says that you need to change the oil every two years or 3,000 miles. And from what I can tell, it's pretty easy. You locate the little nipple on the hub, drain out the old oil, and put in some new oil with a syringe. The shifting is here on the right brake lever. And let me tell you, it is buttery smooth. It might even be smoother than the pinion. There are 11 unique gears with no overlap. Check it out. The 409% gear ratio is in line with similar bikes with a one by 11 setup. My friend Dana also has this bike. And after a few weeks of riding, she decided that she wanted a smaller gear to get up the steeper hills. We do live in Colorado. She called up priority and they sent her out a smaller cog. The point I'm making is that this setup is totally customizable, and you can call up Dave at midnight and tell him you want a different cog and he'll wake up and send you a cog right away. Now, that might not be totally true, but the guys at priority are very, very helpful. Sorry, Dave. To put these bikes to the test, Dana and I rode up Mount Evans, a 14,000 foot mountain here in Colorado. We both had plenty of gearing to get to the top and the 40mm tires helped smooth out some of the rougher sections of the road.  Hi by Dana. Yeah, we did it. I've been impressed with the mechanical disc brakes and they have no problem braking on loose dirt and Dana and I had no problems descending 14 miles down big old Mount Evans. Besides these WTB byway tires looking very cool with their tan walls, they're very fast. The smooth middle is great for cruising down roads and there's some little nubbies on the side for cornering on dirt. It can also be set up tubeless, which is what I like best. All my bikes are tubeless. These tires are 40mm, but you can put up to 45mm tires or even swap out the wheels and put on some 650Bs. I'll probably put on some 45mm tires because I ride a lot of dirt and I like the supple feeling of a wider tire. I do want to point out that these are not quick release wheels, so you're going to want to have the right tools to get them on and off. This bike also comes with my favorite saddle, the WTB Pure. I have it on all of my bikes and I've ridden a lot of bikes in my day and a lot of different saddles and this one makes my butt the happiest by far. Now I've been getting a lot of questions about how it compares to the 600. Well, they're very different bikes, but I'll give this a shot. The 600 is a bomb-proof commuter and I've been using it for over two years as my everyday bike. It's essentially my car. It has fenders, a dynamo hub that powers front and rear lights, and of course the pinion gearbox with a 600% ratio. The seating position on the 600 is more comfortable than the Apollo, but it's definitely heavier and slower. Is one better than the other? No. Is there some overlap? For sure. Besides the geometry of these two bikes being pretty different, one's a flat bar, one's a drop bar, the other main difference is the gearing system. The pinion has a lot more gears than the Apollo. Do you need that many gears? Well, it kind of depends on what you're riding. You know, I rarely use the smaller gears on my pinion setups, but it is nice to have them, especially if you're going up something super steep on a loaded down bike. For most riders, the Apollo will have plenty of gear range for you, and like I said earlier, you can customize it a little bit. I don't know if I'm being very clear, but if you're looking for a super fast, high-performance gravel bike for roads and some light rail trail type gravel roads, the Apollo is the one. I'm really excited to ride this rocket all over the place, like going on century rides in the mountains near my house, or putting on a rear rack and putting on some panniers and going on some multi-day tours, like Rag Bride. And finally, and most importantly, I'm gonna try to keep up with my mom on her e-bike, which is almost impossible, but this bike's gonna get me a little bit closer. Gravel bikes are really popular right now because they're versatile, and you can get off the crazy roads with all the traffic and onto the quieter country roads and rail trails. I am not a big fan of riding on roads, especially now with all the distracted driving and people on their phones and not paying attention to anything. So if I can get off of those busy roads and onto something quieter, that makes me very happy, and that's the beauty of a gravel bike. You have that ability. You've probably noticed that I haven't really said anything negative about this bike, and that's because it's pretty darn awesome, and I don't know enough about all the different components and carbon and lightweight this and blah blah blah to really give an in-depth review of every tiny piece on this bike. Like I said at the very beginning, it just works, and I trust priority bikes. They've made a whole fleet of awesome bikes, and this one is really darn cool. And like I said, it is really sexy looking. So thank you so much for watching this video. I hope it helped you on your purchase if you choose to buy this or not, and if you are new to my channel, check out all my other adventure videos. I have bike packing adventures from all over the world, and they're pretty interesting I think. At least my mom thinks they're cool. Maybe you would too. So like and subscribe, and we will see you down the road.


Hi. Thank you very much for joining us. My name is Leona Naveed. I'm a senior software engineer in a consortium group. The company is providing open source consultancy services for embedded and the automotive industry. So I have the pleasure to work on some very cool projects, including the presentation that you saw by Zeeshan from Geneva Development Platform and AGL. But I'm here to talk about something which is my hobby. And it's about open source hardware that is created and powered by free and open source software. And in this talk, I'll show you how to make Raspberry Pi hats. The keyword here is hobby. The agenda for today includes the Raspberry Pi hat specification, some tips and tricks for designing an open source hardware device. And after that, of course, a few slides for the software support. How many of you are software engineers? Could you please raise your hand? OK, almost everybody. And how many of you are hardware engineers? OK, a few of you as well. So keep in mind, I'm a software engineer. And the combination between a software engineer and a soldering chiron could be very, very dangerous. So everything that I say about hardware, you double check it, right? OK, let's go. So before we start with technical details, we have to clarify something very important. There is a huge difference between a hat and a Raspberry Pi hat. I have both of these, but this one is for my hat and this one is for my Raspberry Pi hat, for my Raspberry. It comes from hardware attached on top, and it's a standard by the Raspberry Pi Foundation. A few milestones that are important in terms of this talk. You're all familiar with the credit size computer Raspberry Pi, right? Anyone that doesn't know it? No one, perfect. So the first model appeared in 2012. It is developed by a foundation founded in 2009, a called Raspberry Pi Foundation. And the next important milestone was 2014, when the Raspberry Pi model B-plus was announced. It brings several changes, and a few of them are very, very specific for this talk. We're going to discuss them in details in the next slide. And last year, Raspberry Pi Zero was announced. It's a five-door Raspberry Pi. Unfortunately, it's very hard to get it. It's with a little bit different form factor. Therefore, it's also important for this talk. Raspberry Pi comes in different flavors. I believe you're all familiar with them, but I just wanted to show them. Just this is the small portion of all Raspberry Pies that are available on the market. Here, this is the very first one that appeared five years ago. Next to it is the B-plus model. You can notice some differences. We've got the second version, the third version, the compute stick, which is an attempt to conquer the industry. And there are already some companies using this compute stick into products. And this is the Raspberry Pi Zero from last year. I mentioned that there were a lot of changes in Raspberry Pi B-plus. Probably the most significant changes from the point of view of a user are related to the additional USB, as well as to the change of locations, of the locations of some components. But actually, for this talk, the most important change is the header. The first version had 26 pins, and the second version has 40 pins. And this is important because our add-on boards will be with 40-pin header. In the five-year span, since the first model, there have been a lot of add-on boards. And new boards appear each day. But there are very strict specifications for a hat. So today's talk is about not just add-on boards, it's about Raspberry Pi hats. So let's have a look at the previous slides. But this time, we'll highlight the Raspberry Pi models, which have 40-pin header. As you can see, the first model is with 26 pins, and the compute stick is something totally different. But all the rest models have 40-pin header, which means that the add-on boards that we are discussing are compatible for all of them. And if you design an add-on board for Raspberry Pi B+, it will be compatible with Raspberry Pi 2, 3, as well as with the zero. Now let's have a closer look at the 40-pin header. The 26 pins are identical to the first version of Raspberry Pi. The changes are coming with the new 40 pins. The majority of them are general-purpose input-output pins, so you can attach more devices, you can control more things with them. But the significant difference is actually these pins, 27 and 28. There is additional I2C bus on them, and it's used for identification of the hardware that you are putting on top of your Raspberry Pi. This is done through an EE-Prom and a device refragment. Now this is the list of requirements for a head. This list was published on the Raspberry Pi Foundation website. Here is the URL. I'm not sure if you can see it from the back seats, but the slides are available in slideshare, as well as on the Foslum website, so you can download them and have a very good look at all the links. There is a long article explaining all the details, but these are the most important requirements. The first thing is the form factor, and the mounting hose. You should leave places for the camera connector and the display connector for Raspberry Pi. You need a 40-pin header compatible with Raspberry Pi B+, and the newer models of Raspberry PIs that are already on the market, as well as all new models that are supposed to appear in the next years. And of course, to have an EE-Prom with the device refragment. This is actually quite interesting and important because this is the binding point between the hardware and the software. There is another standard, which is actually not official. It's not a standard of the Raspberry Pi foundation, but a lot of companies and individuals are developing smaller hats, which have the prefix P. It's a little bit vague. I don't know why it's called P. Some people say it's Pico, others say it's coming from Pirate, poor, and so on. It's not a standard, but there are some recommendations. It has the form factor for Raspberry Pi Zero with four mounting hose. The size is shorter. It's, again, 65 millimeters, but this time only 30 millimeters height. Four pin header, true hole header, and the EE-Prom is not mandatory, which means you can put it, or if you want, you can skip it. It's important to say that all these standards are not mandatory. If you want to do an add-on board for Raspberry Pi, no problem, do it. But if you want to do something that is called a hat, you have to follow the standard of the Raspberry Pi Foundation. The first Raspberry Pi hat that appeared on the market was the Raspberry Pi Sense Hat. It's an official product of the Raspberry Pi Foundation.  There's a sensor for temperature, humidity, barometric pressure, there's an accelerometer, gyroscope, probably you know it very well. There's also RGB LED matrix over here, so you can experiment with some lights and nice tech signs. There is a five-button joystick over here. The product was designed for a program in the United Kingdom which allowed students to develop software which after that was sent to space with an astronaut who was bringing with him a Raspberry Pi. Probably it has been pretty interesting. I bought this Sense Hat two years ago. I wanted to do some IoT experiments because IoT is the buzzword nowadays, right? But I found out that if the load of the CPU is too high, there is a heat and this heat is kind of a problematic for the temperature sensor. So it was good for prototyping, but I was thinking, can I make it better? And that's how I decided to start my new hobby and to try to make an open source hardware out on board with some improvements. By the way, there are a lot of hats, P-hats and out on boards and there is one great website that you can visit. It's pinout.xyz, the last slide you see the exact URL. So a lot of individuals, companies are making hats. You can start making your own hats. Actually, this is the purpose of this talk. I hope that you'll get inspired and as soon as you come back after FOSDEM, you'll grab the soldering iron and start prototyping, right? So before making any prototypes, just check this website. Have a look at what are other people doing and think how we can improve these hats or make other hats. So now let's get our hands dirty and let's make our Raspberry Pi hat. Are you interested in this? Raise any hands? Okay, good. I haven't lost it. So the first thing is that you need some equipment, right? But don't worry. I have a very amateur equipment, a very basic soldering iron that I bought from Olimax and it's still good enough for making some small prototypes and hats. This is the way to get started is to buy other fruit perma proto hat. This is the board that you see over here. I believe that you know where to find it. This is the keyword here, other fruit. So it comes in two models. One of the models of this hat is without an apron and the other one is with an apron. Here is the apron. So it's up to you to decide which version you prefer for your first prototype. You need an idea for your prototype. The simplest idea is to make a blinking LED. It's normal for the embedded world, right? So depending on the idea, you might need a few additional components. If you're making a blink LED, you need a LED with a few resistors. The good news is that the MacPie has a very nice article explaining step by step how to make a blinking LED Raspberry Pi hat. So you can start from it and to use this prototype from out of route to make your first Raspberry Pi hat in, well, depending on your soldering skills, but you can do it in less than an hour. So now let's speak about the device tree fragment. How many of you are familiar with device tree? Okay, almost everyone. So I'll just summarize that the device tree is a software description of the hardware. It's a standard that originates from open firmware and it contains a list of tree structure with nodes and each node can contain a child node or a property when the property is just a key value pair. The idea of the device tree is that you can use the same Linux kernel with various hardware configurations within a wider range of architecture families. Since recently, the device tree is mandatory for all new board support packages for ARM devices. So it's used in Raspberry Pi as well. The thing that you see here is an EEPROM. It has the form factor of deep with eight pins and it is using I squared C interface. The recommended EEPROM, according to the Raspberry Pi Foundation, is cut 24 C23. But if you have any troubles finding this one or if your local supplier can provide you another EEPROM with the same hardware capabilities, don't worry, go for it, it should work. Now, I would like to explain the process of flashing the EEPROM. Basically, the idea is that you have to describe the hardware that you're gonna put on your Raspberry Pi head then to flash it on the EEPROM and finally to test it, of course, to test it, and finally to solder it on your Raspberry Pi. So the first step, it contains only four steps. The process is not complicated, actually it's quite easy. First, download the source code, just type git clone, it's in GitHub. After that, there is a text file called EEPROM settings. You can use it as a sample and you can describe your head. It's a very simple format.  After that, using the EEP Make tool, which you have to build by typing make after cloning this source code, you have to, using this tool, you have to generate a binary file with extension EPP. And finally, there is a bar script which you should use to flash the content on the EEPROM. So how to actually wire the EEPROM to make sure that you can flash it. Depending on the type of EEPROM that you are using in terms of the soldering technology, it could be true hole or surface mount technology, you can use different device. There are some professional devices but since I said at the beginning that the key word for this talk is hobby, I made my own flasher. This is it. It's definitely not professional but the idea is that on the primary I squared C bus I attach the EEPROM for flashing it and after that I attach it to the secondary I squared C bus just to verify that the flashing is correct and the device tree information appears just as I want it to appear. So basically this simple tool that I created is used first to flash the EEPROM from the left side. After that I move the EEPROM on the right side, reboot the Raspberry Pi and make sure that the device tree is okay. This is how the device tree looks from the software world. You can access it. There is information about the vendor, the head that you have created as well as an unique identifier. So the whole procedure that you are doing for this EEPROM is to generate this and to be able to access it from the software side. So now we're coming to the hardware thing, right? If you have already made a simple hat using the other fruit out on board you'll be interesting to make your own board, right? And this question, this topic about picking the right tool for designing the PCB, it's kind of religion. I'm super nervous to talk about it because I'm a software guy and this is something that hardware engineers know about. It's very hard to recommend which tool to use. It's really a religion depends on the personal preferences. I personally like to use free and open source tools. So my primary choice is KitKat. A lot of hobbies that are using Ego. Recently it was acquired by Autodesk. They changed their business model and now they still have a free version for small boards which fit within the requirements for a Raspberry Pi hat but there is a subscription if you wanna do something more complex. For example, if you wanna do a Raspberry Pi hat with four layers. So if you don't have previous experience just like me when I started working on this hobby project I recommend you to use KitKat. Of course, there are a lot of other tools for designing PCBs. Some of them are far, far more advanced and more professional. There are also others that are free and open source software. It's up to you really. So the KitKat advantages, as I said, free and open source software, cross-platform works on several operating systems and all of the Linux distributions. It has an integrated 3D viewer as an option to do the outer routing of the PCB. It's funded by CERN. There are several developers working full time on it. Actually it's a quite old product project more than 20 years old but I've heard about it like a couple of years ago just because a company that I really like because they have a headquarter in my hometown called Olimax is using KitKat for all their new open source development boards. That's why when I was designing my boards I wanted to use KitKat as well. And I visited a few workshops from Olimax about KitKat. So when you're designing a hat it's recommended to grab a template.  There are templates for KitKat as well as for EGO. This is what I created. The first board took me more than six months. I needed a lot of help from my friends so it's very important to say a few names here. Here, Volodymyr Harizanov, huge thanks to Vado who helped me with the design. He'd done almost the old design of the hat for me. Rado Kolev and Rangi Ivanov. Without my friends I wasn't able to do it. I'm a software guy so it was... The second hat was far easier because it's a P-hat so it's smaller version of the first one and I created it just over a weekend with a little bit of help from my friends. The first revision works. Both of them are open source hardware under Creative Commons share license. You can find them in GitHub. This is how KitKat looks, one of the screens in KitKat. You can see all the layers. These are two-layer PCBs. A few recommendations and... Well, I'm putting these recommendations just to make sure that you avoid some of the common mistakes that people do and I did all of them, believe me. So before making the design, please check with the company that is going to manufacture the PCB for you and comply with their minimum requirements for tray spaces. This can save you a lot of headache. Keep in mind the assembly while you're designing the PCB. Sometimes you can design the PCB perfectly but after that the assembly could be too hard and could take too much time. Also, you should consider the components on your head depending on the Raspberry Pi components below the head. I had this problem that I had a potentialometer on the first head that I designed which was above the HDMI connector and there was a button. So when people were pressing the button, the potential meter was making a contact with the HDMI connector and this was leading to a restart of the Raspberry Pi board. Really annoying. So what was the solution? Just move the potentialometer to the other side or to use spacers to make sure that this will happen. But consider these things in mind when you create your Raspberry Pi's and Raspberry Pi's heads and I hope you'll do it. Now, when you're ready with the PCB design you have to move on to the next step which is to make the actual PCB and there are a lot of companies providing services for manufacturing the PCBs and placing the components. Probably the best one and the most popular one is from OSH Park. It's made in the United States. It's amazing because it's dirt cheap and the quality is excellent. It's a flat crate. You pay just five US dollars per square inch and they provide you three of these boards with this very specific color. There are just a few things that you have to select and you can do the whole process online. Of course, if you wanna do more boards and if you're looking for even cheaper prizes you should go to China. It's not a surprise, right? And alternatively, and this is what I'm using right now is to use local companies, have a look around in your region. Probably there is a company that can make hardware for you. The advantage of this is that sometimes you save time from shipping. And when you do a prototype, all people are very excited to give it a try, right? So, about the software. It appears that Python is the most popular programming language for Raspberry Pi. I didn't know that when I started making my Raspberry Pi head. But since it's an open source project, several contributors provided me the feedback that they need examples in Python, not in C. So, okay, if you make a Raspberry Pi head, provide the examples with Python and it's important to have documentation. Wiring Pi, you probably know this library. It's the great library written in C with language bindings for all the popular languages and even some exotic languages. It's very easy to use it from C and C++ since written in C. But you can find language bindings for Java, JavaScript in terms of Node.js. There is a package for that. PHP Pro, as well as new exotic languages as Go and Rust and so on. You can use any free and open source tools that are compatible with the hardware that you have. For example, both my hats have infrared and for infrared, there is this great tool called lurk. So with it, you can control it. One more thing, we're just on time. Share your hardware and software and their open source licenses. We're at FOSDOM, this is really important. It's important for the community and for everyone so we can share knowledge and ideas. So thank you. I think we've got a time just for one or two questions. After that, I'll be outside so you can come with me and you can have a look at the hats, ask any questions. So is there any question right now? Okay, the question is, can I recommend a certain version of Kikad? Very tough question. I'm personally a Ubuntu user. I'm using for the moment the stable version that comes with Ubuntu. But for optimal performance, you should build a Kikad version from the repositories directly. Okay, thank you very much.


The local government is going to close the first step homeless encampment, and Commissioner Thornton spoke up this week to disavow the current transition plan for residents. I do not want time to go by and someone looks and see that I voted for something that I really did not support. I feel as though we could have done a much better job addressing the issue, but we have been kicking the ball down the road. The idea is to give first step residents hotel vouchers, but that just isn't going to work as Commissioner Hool explains. That voucher program does not provide enough vouchers for all the people at first step. It does not have a plan for what to do with those folks once the vouchers run out in a few months. The Advantage voucher program has also run out of money. Their whole wait list for people to get into vouchers has now been completely deprioritized because we're putting the first step people in front of everyone. I just hope that we can think critically as a body about how to utilize that funding that we've got to try to do something as soon as possible. Winter is here.


Of course, the primatis is one of the, I think it's only one maybe, using the MMA concepts in Asian-Chinese martial arts, right? So actually that's the same, same concept. So nowadays MMA system is really powerful, right? Why is it powerful? Because the door is open. When you found this style, it's really good, and then you adopt it to his system. So primatis is also the MMA concept, so they can be connected together. Some of the movements are not so in the cage fighting, because certain people understand it or to know it. I think one day some people will use it in the stage fighting. Some of the concepts are actually really good. MMA's concept is the same. Because, as I mentioned before, it combines the different styles of the Chinese kung fu. The long distance, something like boxing, right? The kickings, something like the Taekwondo or Muay Thai kicking, yeah, very similar. But primatis, they do have his special techniques, right? The grappling, controlling. Grappling and standing, joint locking, something. The fast wrestling, something. And the wonderful combos, including the striking, kicking, wrestling together. This is the key of the primatis. For the wrestling people, they only do the wrestling. For the Muay Thai or boxing, they only do the punching or kicking, right? But some of the primatis combos, including the striking, punching, kicking and wrestling together, this is never used in the MMA cage fighting. So now, I think later. The key point or the most valuable thing in MMA is open-minded thinking system. So open-minded is make MMA powerful, just like the primatis. It's open-minded. You know, 400 years ago in China, the people, if you learn one style, only one style, you cannot learn the other style. But Wang Lang, he break this limitation. He combine the 80 style of Chinese kung fu, become 160. Yeah, because I think it's from his fighting experience. He think, oh, this punch, I can use this style much more effective. And then I can combine the different techniques to form the combo. It's more useful. That's why he create the different forms. From each form, the primatis forms, they have some combos that are very useful, very special. So they have different forms.


So right now we're in vicinity of Ulta and we are currently doing battalion to division level operations where we are putting into practice everything that we've learned about cold weather training tactics and everything that we do as an infantry battalion and applying it to this environment. The difference between us a month ago and now is night and day and seeing the day to day ability of the Marines to do their daily routine tasks and sustain allows the battalion to stay enemy oriented without having to sustain itself because the Marines understand the responsibilities that each Marine has in order to facilitate day to day operations. So seeing the growth that we've made as a team coming out here has been phenomenal. Working along our NATO allies benefits American security in that you know number one from the military standpoint as these young Marines and sailors get to work side by side with the Norwegians with the Finns with the Swedes their own confidence in just how good these allies are continues to grow and then at at the larger level being able to operate an environment like this truly makes us capable of operating in any climate place which provides more options for our decision makers when they need the military to respond to ensure the security of the United States.


After Albert Einstein explained the photoelectric effect by assuming that light consists of particles, photons, Louis de Broglie came up with a similar idea. He thought if it was possible to assign a particle character to the wave-like light, then it must also be possible to assign a wave character to a particle-like matter. Just like light, electrons are also able to generate an interference pattern in the double slit experiment. This observation that light and matter can behave in a wave-like and particle-like manner, depending on the situation, is called wave-particle duality. A photon of wavelength lambda has the momentum h over lambda. Here h is the Planck's constant, a physical constant with the value 6.6 times 10 to the minus 34 joule seconds, and lambda is the wavelength of light. Analogously, a wavelength can be assigned to a particle with mass, which has a momentum p. For this purpose, we rearrange the momentum with respect to the wavelength lambda. lambda is equal to h over p. The momentum p of a classical particle is defined as the product of its mass m in its velocity v.  It is also called de Broglie wavelength. lambda is equal to h divided by m times v. From this equation, you can see that fast and heavy particles, which therefore have a large momentum, have a shorter de Broglie wavelength than slow and light particles, which have a small momentum. With the help of the de Broglie wavelength, you can estimate whether an object will behave more wave-like or particle-like. If the velocity of the particle and thus the momentum of the particle approaches zero, then the de Broglie wavelength becomes very large. The particle starts to show its wave character and behaves like a quantum particle. For a large velocity and large mass of the particle, the de Broglie wavelength is negligible. The particle behaves like a real classical particle and can be described with classical mechanics. Quantum effects such as particle interference do not matter here. Let's make an example. As you know, free electrons exist in a metal. Together, they are also called electron gas. The electrons have a thermal velocity of 10 to the power of 6 meters per second at room temperature. By thermal is meant that the electrons in the metal are moving in a random manner. After a collision with a metal atom, it moves in one direction. After the other collision, it moves in the other direction. An electron has a rest mass of 9.1 times 10 to the power of minus 31 kilograms. Thus, the de Broglie wavelength of a free electron is 7.2 times 10 to the power of minus 10 meters. This is a matter wavelength of 0.72 nanometers. For comparison, the diameter of the DNA double helix is about 2 nanometers. Usually, you don't know the velocity of a particle directly, but you can eliminate it and bring voltage into play instead. Consider an electrically charged particle with charge q in an electric field of a plate capacitor. We apply a voltage u between the plates. If this charge passes through the voltage, moving from one plate to the other, then it gains a kinetic energy, given by q times u. We equate this energy with a classical formula for kinetic energy one-half times mv squared. Let's rearrange the equation for v and use it to replace the unknown velocity in the de Broglie formula. The result is a formula for de Broglie wavelength that depends on voltage. All the constants, h, m and q of an electron are known. You can adjust the voltage at the voltage source and thus increase or decrease the de Broglie wavelength of the particle. If we use an electron with its corresponding mass and charge and set a voltage of 1000 volts, the de Broglie wavelength becomes 38.7 picometers. With a voltage of 1 volt, the de Broglie wavelength would be only 1.2 nanometers.


Personal finance practice problem using Excel stock price calculation assuming constant growth and dividends. Prepare to get financially fit by practicing personal finance. Here we are in our Excel worksheet if you don't have access to it that's okay because we'll basically build this from a blank sheet but if you do have access three tabs down below example practice blank example answer key let's look at it now. Information on the left calculations on the right we're calculating these estimated stock price possibly being used in a situation when we're trying to determine and compare it to the market price to determine if the market price is under or overvalued possibly to help us decide whether or not we should be buying or selling a particular stock. We're using a similar method as we use with bonds meaning we're trying to value the future cash flows and present value those cash flows to determine the price something easier to do with bonds because of the fixed nature of bonds we have the steady payments that are going to happen in interest payments and we've got the amount that we're going to receive at maturity with stocks we have two kinds of value that we might be looking at one flows in the future of dividends which may change depending on the corporation and what they determine the dividends to be as well as increase in value of the stocks and we don't have a set ending point in terms of maturity so we have to make some assumptions if we're going to value the stock based on future cash flows the assumptions we're going to make here are that we're going to get a constant dividend and we're going to assume a constant growth rate in the value of the stocks and note the assumptions you make might differ depending on the types of stock you're looking at if you're talking about very secure stocks that are large stocks like utilities already established then they might not be growing a whole lot but might have set dividends other stocks that are still growing at a stable rate you might consider here this strategy where we're going to say we think the rates going to be constant into the future and we think the dividends are going to be constant into the future you might see other stocks that are putting a lot more money in terms of increasing in the in the value of growth and not giving much in terms of the dividends there's usually more uncertainty with those kinds of stock given the fact that they're in that kind of growth phase the second tab here is going to be the practice tab where we have some pre-formatted worksheets you can work through the practice problem with less excel formatting the third tab link tab we're going to be doing the excel formatting if you don't have any of this that's okay you can open up blank excel worksheet I would then start by selecting the whole worksheet possibly with the triangle right clicking on it formatting the cells laying down the baseline formatting I usually start with currency the negative numbers bracketed and read no dollar sign no decimals I'm not going to hit okay here because I already have this I'm going to X out of it then enter your data on the left which includes this that's where we're going to start here we're going to have some other kind of scenarios down below but you can start with just this data on the left formatting the cells as needed like putting a percent here for these two items percentifying them in the number group making a skinny C column then we're good to go the assumptions we have common stock price with stable growth so we're going to say that the annual cash dividends are $10 so we're going to annualize the cash dividends assume them to be $10 stable growth rate we're going to say is 7% we're going to think that the value of the stocks going to go up by 7% in other words required rate of return for the common stockholders 20% meaning this is the rate that we need to clear kind of like the hurdle rate for example the rate that we think we can buy similar stocks and get a return for meaning we're taking into consideration risk and so on as we calculate what we think other stocks or what the with the kind of like the hurdle rate would be what we can get in other investments to compare this one too all right so first we can do kind of like a quick calculation with it and then we'll try to explain it by mapping out the future payments so we can see it in context and hopefully get a better conceptual understanding so we got the price here that we're going to be calculating I'm going to make make the first component so the first couple sales black and white home tab font group we're going to go to the bucket drop-down make this black and the lettering white and I'll make column D a little bit larger whitening that up we've got the annual cash dividend I'm going to put this in the outer cell because I'm going to have a sub calculation below it and we're going to say this is $10 so $10 we're going to think is the constant dividend and then we're going to be calculating the rate of return I'm going to call it return after growth for our sub calculation and so we've got the required rate of return required required rate of return that's not how you spoke I got two letter return return this is going to be equal to 20 so overall we want a 20% return and I'm going to go up top number percent that's because we think we can get that kind of return in similar types of investments taking under consideration risk and so on but we think some of that return is going to be a stable growth so we've estimated that the stock possibly based on past trend analysis and so on into the future we think there's going to be a 7% growth going forward in the value of the stocks I'm going to go to the home tab number percent of five at let's go to the font group and underline it and so therefore the return return after we consider growth in the stock for the dividends is the difference I'm going to take the 20% minus the 7% percent to find the cell home tab number group percent of five so we could recognize and then we're going to go that's going to give us then the price which will be equal to the 10 up top time or divided by I should say 13% that's going to give us about 77 adding some pennies home tab number group adding some well that's not the pennies that's not what I want to undo that I'm going to add some pennies to it so about 7692 for the price let's make that blue and border so I'm going to select this whole thing here we're going to go up top and say this is going to be home tab font group border it and make it blue as well border blue we can also make it a little bit more skinny for columns E and F let's make them a little bit more skinny skin arising them a bit so we got some more room for other stuff let's make column C a little bit more skinny so now let's see if we can let's make an underline here for some formatting make it look a little nicer okay that's that's good for the formatting move on okay so now let's see if we can understand this a little bit so so for example if I took let's make a skinny column on the G I'm going to go to the C here go to the home tab and paintbrush and make a skinny G and let's say like I could understand this like with the annuity calculations remember we're talking about a series of payments that are going to happen basically out into the future so if I take for example just just the the amount of dividends that we're going to be receiving at the return of the 13% we can use a similar calculation that we saw in a prior presentation so it could look something like this negative present value shift 9 the rate I'm going to say is the 13% after considering the stable growth of the 7% I'm going to say comma number of periods is going to be I'm just going to assume it we don't have a maturity date it goes on basically forever I'm just going to pick a big number like 100 for example because we know as we get further out into the future and we present value those dollar amounts they're going to be worth less and less so even though it keeps going out forever they're going to be worth less and less due to present value and then comma the payment that we're going to have is going to be the dividends of the $10 and that's going to give us our our 76 home tab I'm going to go to the number group and 7692 so that's another way we can kind of calculate that future component to hopefully get a better grasp of this let's do it let's try to map it out now in terms of a series of payments so I'm going to make I'm going to make this blue and bordered see if we can understand this a little bit more I'm going to make a skinny J column putting my cursor on skinny G home tab and paintbrush to go to the skinny J skinny G to skinny J they sound like they're related or something skinny G and skinny J have their their brothers I think any case so we're going to say the total is over here and then I'm going to put the numbers up top one two for our period so let's take it out a hundred periods which is a little bit excessive but that's what we use in our annuity calculation so let's bring it all the way out a hundred periods hundred periods you have it's counting down for us there we'll bring it out to a hundred which goes out to DH and before I click on anything else I'm going to format those sales home tab and let's go to the font group and make that black and white and let's center it to center and then let's do the same thing here black white and center and so then we're going to have our dividends dividends I'm going to make this a little bit larger and say the dividends are going to be equal to in period one ten dollars all the way across I'm just going to pick up the ten right here in our in our little calculation I'm going to say F4 on the keyboard to absolutize it you only need a mixed reference but that'll allow me to copy it to the right so I'm going to take that I'm going to grab it on the fill handle and copy it all the way to the right copying it all the way to the right okay and then I'm going to do our present value calculations and let me just fix this annuity real quick I'll do this annuity a couple different ways this annuity up top I'm going to show that we use the return after the growth rate to calculate that one and then I'm going to copy I'm going to copy this down and I'm going to say this is an annuity calculation but this time we're going to use the required rate of return I'll just call it ROI ROI and let's do the same thing with this 20 percent instead of the 13 negative present value shift 9 the rate I'm going to be picking up the 20 percent F4 on the keyboard I don't really need to say F4 I'm just going to pick up the 20 percent and then comma number of periods I'm going to say a hundred again just picking a random large number and then comma the payment is going to be then the $10 on the dividends and that's going to give us around 50 I think 50 exactly or pretty close home tab number adding a couple decimals let's make that blue and bordered now that one will help us out or we'll tie that into the same thing we're doing over here in a second here so this number right here the 7692 matches the price this will see how that kind of fits into our calculations as we map out the future payments in a second so we're going to then say let's do the present value same same kind of thank you I'm going to call this present present value are we using the return after growth and I know I misspelled it over there I'm going to set I'm going to make that a little larger and this is going to be the present value present value using the ROI so we'll do it a couple different ways ROI so we'll start here basically recalculating this 7692 but we'll do it on a period by period basis taking the $10 of each period and bringing them back to the current period so I'm going to say negative present value shift 9 the rate is going to be here the 13 I need to make that absolute so I can copy it to the right without it moving F4 in the keyboard you only need a mixed reference but an absolute one works comma number of periods I'm going to say is one because we're discounting one period into the future back comma comma again because there's no payment it's not an annuity but future value calculation and then we pick up that $10 and enter so there we have it let's add a couple decimals so we're going to bring it back and it's around let's bring a bunch more than pennies it's 8.8496 let's pull that all the way to the right out a hundred periods and you could see of course as we get out into the future as we saw in prior presentations with the other assumption of just dividends the future dividends although they could go on forever get quite small and therefore aren't going to have as big an impact on our price calculation if I sum this up then summing this up that's going to give us our 70 77 if I add a couple decimals about 7692 that we got here and here okay so but now let's kind of assume that that 10 was all we're gonna get and figure and we'll get this ROI calculation as if we're assuming that we didn't get the stable growth of the 7% just to get a better idea of kind of the future stream of revenue that we're gonna get in a sense or return that we're gonna get so let's do the same calculation and we'll try to get to this $50 use in the other growth rate so I'm gonna say negative present value shift 9 we're gonna say the rate now is going to be the 20% required rate of return not considering the stable growth rate and then I'm gonna say f4 on the keyboard dollar sign before the e and the 4 comma number of periods is going to be the one that's going to copy across as we go across comma comma to get to the future value that $10 discounted back at 20% instead of 13% I'm gonna add some decimals number group adding a couple decimals is is a little bit lower of course because now we're discounted it back 20% instead of the 13 if I copy that all the way across all the way across to a hundred periods we're gonna get to to and then sum it up over here I'm gonna copy this down copy that down which sums that up there's our $50 so there's our 50 that we calculated here so now to get it to get a sense of what's happening on both of these future cast streams let's try this we're gonna say okay what's happening here is I'm getting a dividend future cash flow and I'm getting a return on the investment which is a little bit confusing so let's first start with the price assuming no dividend if we as if we say the price assuming no dividend starts at this $50 I'm gonna start at that $50 and then I'm gonna say okay the price is gonna be increasing by the stable growth rate of 7% that we're going to be receiving right so we're gonna get a 7% stable growth so to calculate that that would be equal to the prior rate times 7% plus 100% so I gotta say brackets I could do that this way one or 100% plus the 7% closing up the brackets so we're taking 50 times 7% plus the 50 or 50 times a 100 and 7% or 1.07 and that's gonna give us the 53 I'm gonna do it again because it's a little bit different formula here because now we've got we've got this as the prior number so I'm gonna say this is gonna be equal to the prior the prior calculation in the prior period and then it's gonna increase 7% each time so I'm gonna say okay that's gonna be brackets one plus the 7% I'm gonna say F4 on the 7% over here because I want it not to move to the right as I copy it F4 on the keyboard dollar sign before the E and the 5 bracket that and so that hold on a second I missed the multiplication sign times the one plus that number and enter so now I should be able to copy this all the way across and we can say okay the price is gonna be increasing at that 6% as we go all the way out here which means it's gonna be increasing more and more as we go so let's take a look at what that difference looks like then so if I started over here and I say there's gonna be an increase in price so an increase in price not of the value of the stock we're gonna say it started out as an increase in period one is equal to the 53 minus the 50 you get the three let's add a couple decimals 3.5 or you can say it's gonna be the 50 times the 0.0 set times that we'll take it up over here times the 7% right the 3.5 you could do either way other way you want to see it but I'll take the difference calculation this minus through this I'm gonna copy that all the way across so notice we don't get a constant number because we're assuming a growth here that's happening so that means you know as we get out into the future that difference is becoming more substantial right obviously because the value of the stock we're assuming has that constant growth rate which is acting different than the dividends which we're saying are the same all the way across so then if I if I think about that and I have my dividends which are which are the dividends I'm just gonna copy over the $10 I'll say this equals the 10 and I'll copy that all the way across copying that all the way across to 100 and let's actually make a little space between these two because these two represents the increase the increase that we've got this one just represents where the price is so let's put a space above this column just so we don't get that kind of confused so I'll select this all the way across and I'll put my cursor on it right click and insert and I'm gonna shift these down I'm gonna shift them down so now we got this kind of space in between so now these two represent our our return and the form of dividends and then increase in the value of the stock so I'll sum that up equals the sum of these two we'll copy that across copying that across so we'll copy that all the way out summing it up let's put an underline on this all the way across so I'm gonna take this and put an underline on it taking that all the way all the way here underline okay I'm gonna go all the way back here again let's do this now that's I'm gonna go all the way back here again sometimes this is easier to do vertically but then we'll sum it up which I'm just gonna I'm gonna copy these summings I'm just gonna copy that I'm gonna paste it all the way down here so I'm gonna make this a little bit larger larger so so there we have it so so there's the total increases we have there's the the dividends which I could copy that would be the same up top here the dividends up top there and so we can we can recalculate this this plus this we should get the same number here I can put an underline home tab font group an underline okay so now let's take the present value the present value of the full return using using our our full ROI which is the 20 percent because now we're valuing the full future return we're going to get here we're saying okay we got the dividends ten dollars into the future plus this increase in the value each period into the future so then I can present value the full 13 bringing it back using my full 20 rate of return instead of the 13 percent negative present value shift nine the rate is going to be the 13 percent I'm sorry the 20 percent F4 on the keyboard because I want to be able to copy it to the right comma number of periods is going to be that one up top and then comma no payment because it's not an annuity comma future value is going to be that 13 and enter and then I can pick up that 11 and copy that all the way to the right all the way to the right and so you can see then it gets quite small again so I'm going to make this decimalized decimalizing it and so you can see even though these these are increasing because we have an increased return it's still going to become quite small as we go way out into the future right so we still get a fairly small number less than a penny you know a hundred a hundred periods out even though the total dollar amount when I go way out here is a few thousand dollars so that so so that allows us to kind of say okay that the the price is still if we go out further enough into the future if we present value all of them you know we could kind of present value even though in theory it kind of goes out into infinity generally so I can then copy this down present value and all that and once again we get to about that seventy seventy six ninety two that we calculated here so all that to kind of kind of verify this this type of calculation here so if you were able to to get an accurate rate of return against other stocks if you were able to guess what the future growth rate was and it was stable at the seven percent and if you were able to determine and guess that the dividends were going to be consonant which I misspelled there at the ten for forever out you can kind of do this kind of calculation using those types of assumptions and then you can kind of work it and understand it yourself and see what you're actually doing by thinking about the future time value money calculations a little bit more more in depth and actually mapping it out for a significant number of years into the future to see conceptually what you're actually kind of doing on it once you've mapped all this out then you can change your numbers over here and let's say this was like like 30 percent or 15 percent or something like that and that's going to change that's going to change your your numbers so let's undo i'm going to undo that i'm going to i'm going to blue and border this whole thing it's blue and border this whole thing so we're going to go up top and say home tab font group blue and border and then let's if you had a couple other calculations we'll just do some comparisons on down below and i'll try to copy them down so that we can see how we can kind of we can kind of copy this down to another data set down here so for example if i have my data set down here and i kind of line it up in the same format so i take this whole thing from here all the way out i'm taking this all the way out and i'm going to copy it down hopefully i went down far enough to like here maybe and then so that works and then copy that and then if i as long as i lined it up because i have the same data set down below it's got to be lined up to right there about because because this 10 right there needs to be a relative same cell which is right there i think so if i control v all the way across then we can run a whole another data set by just copying down the data set in that way i can have two side by side kind of comparisons right so if i've used it if i used the 12 annual return the stable growth at the 25 required ready to return we get to the 70 59 we can do our annuity calculations here and then again we can map it out this way you could also you could also change this by just taking this data and pasting it up top right uh pasting values only let's say well hold well this is it's because this this data is coming from the data up top but in any case you can copy the data up top and you would change everything up here right i can make this 12 i can make this 8 and 25 or whatever and that would that would make this one change because it's based on the one above it you could do it that way but you might want to try to copy the data down so you could see them side by side and then kind of toggle between the two and see what's happening so i'll do that one more time if i if i take all of this data all the way to the right for example and then i have a similar data set right underneath it i just got to line it up so that price needs to be right there because the first calculation is here relative to that cell control v and i didn't line it up quite right i think it needs to be one so up right there control v there it is so i'll make this a little bit wider so now we've got the 100 right that's pulling from the 15 we've got the 20 minus the 5 gives us our 15 there's our 100 recalculating here recalculating here and then again you could see the impact mapped out this way and now you can kind of go between these these calculations and you can try to see what the what the impact would be as you kind of adjust these assumptions on the left hand side which you could do individually or you can you could try to copy the whole thing down and then try to be able to compare them more easily uh side by side or top to bottom as they are here let's do a spell check because i know i misspelled a bunch of stuff here so we're gonna say return return return dividend return dividend change all of them change all of them shut them all off okay i think that's it also note that when we copy the data over it will not work as well when we're using kind of like absolute references so some of the items over here when we try to expand out the calculation when we're using absolute references in the calculations you need to go through and kind of adjust those so i'm not gonna i'm not gonna pick up and do that right now because we're over time i'm just gonna delete the data down here and you could kind of recalculate it if you so choose i'm just gonna delete this and i'm gonna delete this data here and so we won't go through that right now and then but these items again you can kind of copy down because they're not using the absolute references as we can see there