They were in Titus chapter 3. Let me begin reading at verse 1 in Titus chapter 3. I'll read verses 1 through 7 and we'll get into our study. Titus chapter 3 beginning at verse 1, reading to verse 7. Paul writes, remind them to be subject to rulers and authorities, to obey, to be ready for every good work, to speak evil of no one, to be peaceable, gentle, showing all humility to all men. For we ourselves were also once foolish, disobedient, deceived, serving various lusts and pleasures, living in malice and envy, hateful, and hating one another. But when the kindness and the love of God our Savior toward man appeared, not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to his mercy, he saved us through the washing of regeneration and renewing of the Holy Spirit whom he poured out on us abundantly through Jesus Christ our Savior that having been justified by his grace, we should become heirs according to the hope of eternal life. And so let me review a few things and develop a context and an introduction here to the study that we'll be looking at in chapter 3. Remember in chapter 2, Paul had given instructions to Titus concerning how believers are to live. And so he wrote to the older men, to the older women. He wrote instructions to the younger women, the younger men, and he wrote instructions to slaves. He also had written to Titus and instructed him that he was to live as an example to the churches. Remember in chapter 2, verse 7 and 8, I'll read it to you. He had said, in all things, showing yourself to be a pattern of good works. In doctrine showing integrity, reverence, incorruptibility, sound speech that cannot be condemned, that one who is an opponent may be ashamed, having nothing evil to say of you. And so he was to be a pattern of good works. That was so that people would be able to see what faith looks like. It was to be an example of what, of faith in action. As a pastor, as a pastor-teacher, he was to be an example of what was called good works. The word good there speaks of that which is excellent or righteous. His life, in other words, was to be a true pattern of what he was preaching and what he was teaching. It was to be such a pattern that people were to follow him. Again, it reminds me of Paul writing in 1 Corinthians, chapter 11, verse 1, where he had said, imitate me just as I also imitate Christ. Also in Philippians 3, verse 17, how he had said, join one another in following my example, brothers, and carefully observe those who walk according to the pattern we set for you. So faith is modeled. Faith is not something that is simply expounded upon or spoken of. Faith is modeled. And Titus was to be an example. He had already given instructions to the older men, to the older women, younger women, younger men, slaves. He had given instructions. But he says to Titus, you need to set the pattern. You need to be the template. You're to be an example in doctrinal integrity, because the false teachers that were entering in were bringing in bad doctrine. And therefore, in contrast to the false doctrine that has been spread in the church, your doctrine is to be true. And the purity of your doctrine is going to be demonstrated by the purity of your life. So your life is to evidence reverence, revealing a life that honors God, a life that is dignified. Now that word dignified in earlier days, when I thought of dignified, I didn't really have a good grasp of it. I thought the word dignified kind of was like being stuffy. I don't know another way to put it. I thought of it as being kind of, you know, never laughing, having no sense of humor. But that's not what the word dignified actually means. Dignified speaks of knowing the difference between things that matter and the things that don't. A person who is dignified knows what is trivial and what's important. And so sometimes we can get caught up with the things that are trivial. So Titus, be an example of somebody who knows what is important. Because when you become that example, the churches that you're ministering in, the elders that you're influencing can see your example and understand how a man of God is to live. He's to be sound in speech. When he speaks of being sound in speech, it refers to the way that he speaks in normal conversation. It's not simply referring to his doctrine when he's teaching, but it's how he speaks when he's not teaching. It's the things that he's saying. So be sound in speech. The word sound is a word that can also be translated healthy. The words that you speak ought to be life-giving words, in other words. So guard your speech. Be careful that what you say is appropriate and be careful that what you say, Titus, because people are watching you. Be careful that they're edifying. In Ephesians 4 verse 29, Paul said it like this. He said, No foul language should come from your mouth, but only what is good for building up someone in need so that it gives grace to those who hear. There was a trend going. Perhaps some of you might have been witness to it, seen it, heard it yourself. It was a while back. I don't know if it's continuing today, but it certainly was a while back where the pastors thought it was kind of connecting with people to swear from the pulpit. So they were using profanity. That occurred here on a couple of occasions. Somebody used profanity in my pulpit, and I spoke to them afterwards. It's been a few years. I won't mention names, John. I won't mention names. Yeah, I won't mention names. But I had a talk with that, with a brother, and I asked him, I said, you need to remember that the pulpit has been called the holy table, and that when the word is spoken from that, it ought to be words that are sanctified, those words that are edifying, because it isn't proper to use improper language. And so I've seen that firsthand, and sometimes people have thought that in using a particular way of speaking that they're connecting with people, but I discovered a long time ago, and Paul's words have applied for all these years. I discovered a long time ago that the word that we speak ought to be edifying to the hearer, and that's what Paul is saying to Titus here, that the words that are spoken, not simply from his teachings, but from his way of life, ought to be bringing edification to those who are hearing what he says, and that is the way of speaking, that would be the mark of a truly godly man. Now the reason for these high standards held by all of those mentioned is really practical. It may cause opponents to be ashamed because they make untrue accusations, and a person who's making an accusation should be embarrassed because he knows that what he is saying isn't true, and these are the kinds of lives that impact the world that we live in. We're living in a lost, a fallen world that is rejecting its moral foundations. As I was preparing this Bible study, I thought that I would develop an introduction that leads into the practical teaching in Chapter 3 by bringing this out, saying something we all already know. We're living in a lost and fallen world. We're living in a nation that has rapidly rejected its moral foundations. The question is asked in Psalm 11 verse 3, if the foundations are destroyed, what can the righteous do? Well our own nation has rapidly forgotten its moral underpinnings. The masks that people wear because of COVID aren't the only masks that Americans wear. Many Americans wear a different kind of mask. Many Americans wear what we would call a religious mask. Religious masks are worn underneath it all. It's really anti-Christian beliefs. We see this and I'm not going to go too far into this, but it does lend itself to our introduction. We see this in the passing of laws and the decisions that have been made by our judicial system. An example is found in what has happened since Prop 47 had been passed. It reclassified certain theft and drug possession offenses as misdemeanors and those who were sentenced prior to its passing could actually petition for resentencing and the law made some nonviolent property crimes where the value does not exceed $950 into misdemeanors and in the last 11 months more than 4300 state prisoners have been released because stealing less than $950 worth of goods is a misdemeanor, theft is risen. At one time stealing was understood to be wrong by the majority of society, but our new law undermines this moral and cultural understanding. I remember, and yes, this is ancient history, but it's true, it's part of my life, that when my father would send me to the store on Sunday mornings, we lived only about 300 yards from a convenient store. It was right at the corner so my dad would give me a quarter. That tells you how long ago this was for the Sunday paper and I would go to this particular store just straight up the street. I'd take the quarter and I would lift up a stack of newspapers because they'd be stacks outside. They weren't inside of any kind of locked devices. They were set outside and I would lift up the newspapers and I would drop my quarter on a pile of quarters and I'd take the paper and go home. You didn't think about just taking those quarters and stealing them. Imagine doing something like that today. You can't obviously do that. You could leave your bicycle out at night in the front yard and it would be safe. You could sleep with the window open and nobody was climbing in. There were so many things that were so different than it is today. The moral underpinnings of this nation have been rotting away for a number of years to the point where the nation that I live in now is almost unrecognizable in comparison to the nation that I grew up in. We've seen this moral demise occurring for quite some time. We know that the new laws that are being passed undermine moral and cultural understanding. Here we need to remember that in the United States there was actually a revival that occurred in the late 60s and early 70s. It may be interesting to some of you who are young and all that initially this Jesus movement revival was actually accepted by the people in the nation. It was not initially responded to with a lot of negativity. It wasn't because we lived in a nation that in many ways hadn't rejected its moral underpinnings yet. We had gone through the crazy 60s and all but when the Jesus movement came there were people who were actually relieved to see that because the youth were actually changing and the nation was once again becoming a better place to live. But what happened is laws were passed legalizing sins that Christians had been opposing for centuries because at first this revival was accepted but later it was met with hostility. Even recently the legalization of marijuana the decisions that are favorite homosexuality these things have been enacted and general acceptable conduct in society has been degraded profanity and crudeness is not only accepted but it's actually defended. Immorality and teen pregnancy venereal diseases living together is on the increase and it seems that justice has been turned upside down. Calvary Chapel San Jose has been fined $3.8 million because they have conducted church services but congressmen who have slept with the Chinese spy or a president's son selling influence there's no major news outlet willing to call it out. That's the society that we're living in and that has caused many Christians to become angry and many Christians are frustrated. One commentator said this. Many well-meaning Christian leaders have decided it is time to stand up for their rights and have declared war on the prevailing non-Christian culture. They have become hostile to unbelievers the very ones God has called them to love and reach with the gospel. Believers are to be aware that we are not called to make superficial Christian America. John MacArthur said when Christians become political sinners become the enemy instead of the mission field. Now remember in Paul's day there was no cultural Christianity. The world that Paul lived in was filled with sin. It was filled with idolatry, prostitution, slavery, homosexuality and Paul didn't instruct believers to protest. He instructed believers to preach and to live a powerful message and he combated the corruption of Cretan society by instructing Titus to remind the church. Remind them of what they've heard. Remind them of what they have believed because in reminding them of what the gospel has done it will save them from becoming bitterness. What is it that they heard and what is it that they believed? Well Titus 2.14 tells us that Jesus gave himself for us and that's the overwhelming testimony of Scripture. Jesus repeatedly stated that he would voluntarily lay down his life for us and such a thought in this modern world is difficult to comprehend. I read a comment made by a 23-year-old man, his name is Scott, and he said I think it's mighty arrogant for us to assume that if an ultimate being exists and did create the universe that they did it for us. What in the world could we possibly offer a God with this power? Why would he be so concerned with a race of gnats as ourselves? Well that's a great question isn't it? We do not assume that an ultimate being exists. We know that he does. And we also know that he created the universe but it wasn't created for us. It was created for himself. In Revelation 411 it says you are worthy oh Lord to receive glory and honor and power for you have created all things and for your pleasure they are and were created. Proverbs 16 verse 4 says the Lord has made all things for himself. So the reason that he's concerned with this race of gnats is because he loves us. That in and of itself I believe is amazing. In 1 John 4 9 and 10 it says in this was manifested the love of God toward us because that God sent his only begotten Son into the world that we might live through him here in his love. Not that we loved God but that he loved us and sent his Son to be the propitiation for our sins. Not that we loved him but that he loved us. That's amazing and out of love for us God sent his Son Jesus to give himself a sacrifice for our sins. In John 10 17 and 18 he said my father loves me because I lay down my life that I may take it again. No one takes it from me. I lay it down of myself. I have power to lay it down and I have power to take it again and this command I've received from my father. He died in demonstrating his love for us but he also died to satisfy the justice of God. In Romans 3 25 and 26 it reads God sent forth Jesus as a propitiation by his blood through faith to demonstrate his righteousness because in his forbearance God had passed over the sins that were previously committed to demonstrate at the present time his righteousness that he might be just and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus. When it speaks of God setting forth Jesus as a propitiation the word propitiation is a word that speaks about settling his anger. God has anger. Jesus has settled it for him. Jesus satisfied his righteous anger so he sent his his son Christ to die on a cross to one demonstrate his love for us but to also satisfy his justice. So when Jesus died on the cross he redeemed us by his blood. He cleansed us from sin. Ephesians 1 7 says in him we have redemption through his blood the forgiveness of sins in accordance with the riches of God's grace and the result God now has his own special people zealous he said for good works. In Ephesians 2 10 we are God's workmanship created in Christ Jesus to do good works which God prepared in advance for us to do and so Paul has been commanding Titus to speak these things to exercise pastoral authority. What is he to do? Well he's to remind them in verse 1 remind them to be subject to rulers and authorities to obey to be ready for every good work. What is he to do? Remind them. People today are not necessarily opposed to all authority but approach authority very cautiously. Even as I mentioned a moment ago politically it's difficult to find politicians who truly do have integrity but the Christian message will be ineffective if it's not lived out and so we teach proper submission by our examples. In Romans 13 verse 2 it says rulers are not a terror to good works but to evil. Do you want to be unafraid of the authority? Well do what is good and you'll have praise from the same. In Matthew 22 21 render therefore to Caesar the things that are Caesar's and to God the things that are God's and so we are to yield to authority therefore verse 1 remind them to be subject to rulers and authorities and to obey. Here's the exception and we're all looking for that aren't we? What is the exception? The exception to such a command is a simple one. We do not obey when we're commanded to do something against the commands of God. We don't obey. In Acts 4 19 and 20 when commanded to stop preaching the apostles said whether it is right in the side of God to listen to you more than God you judge for we cannot but speak the things which we've seen and heard. In Acts 5 29 they said we ought to obey God rather than men so when the government imposes its rules on the believer to circumvent the obvious word of God that's when we have a right even an obligation to reject that because we have a higher authority that we answer to than a president a governor a mayor or whatever and so that is an exception and so it's not that we should be looking for these opportunities to to oppose it simply means that we need to be aware that when it begins to go against the commands of God then we will obey God rather than men and we don't have to do it in a way that is belligerent we don't have to do it in a way that seems to be like we're picking a fight we simply do it because we'll we'll obey God rather than men we're going to meet and so when everything everything was shut down and and we followed we followed the the rules because we didn't know what was going on with this with this virus and all I'm certainly as a pastor not going to put any of you in danger I'm not going to place you in a position where you may get get a virus that and and I'm the one who put you in that position and so what we did is we decided to follow what we were told you all know that those of you were a part of this church you know that and we did for a while and then one day I came out here and I was in the parking lot I was coming every Sunday this church was still open you just didn't know it and so my wife Marie and I John some of the guys were out in this parking lot every Sunday even from the day that we said we're closing down church services we're still there and people started rolling in and I started talking to them and I had wonderful time we had wonderful times ministering to people my secretaries were coming and they were bringing Marie and me coffee and donuts and we're just having a great time in the campus you know and anybody who showed up we minister to them and we had chances to pray with and minister to people in a very special way and then but I'm not saying anything because I'm not thumbing my nose and saying look at me I just wanted to minister to anybody who needed ministry that's what I'm called to do that's what I'm going to do and that's what we did but then people found out and a parade shows up and we had a parade of all these cars that came through here those who knew they came rolling through and they're honking horns and they have signs we love you John and things like that and it looked like you're handwriting now that I think about it and you know we we were touched by that and so Marie and I we walked up to the people and hey it's nice and they started parking and now the parking lot has started to have a number of cars and I'm looking at them and it was hot remember it was hot and this room was open so I said let's just go into the chapel and we did and Jared I said go get your guitar and Jared went and got his guitar and he started leading in worship and people were scattered around we weren't saying sit next to each other they scattered around I gave a devotion and it was it was a it was a blessing and what are you going to do next week pastor I go to this church next week more show up next week we're inside the main sanctuary no I'm not putting it on Facebook look at me you know see what a brave man I'm rebelling I'm I'm just a shepherd who wants to take care of my sheep and if my sheep show up I'm going to feed my sheep that's how it works that that's how it works and so no we didn't aggressively want to combat no I didn't want to send a message to to governor Newsom he was too busy at the French laundry to care anyway we didn't want to do that so no I I I I believe what Paul is saying is absolutely right subject to rulers and authorities to obey and we did and we still do but when it comes to obeying we ought to obey God rather than men and the first thing God said is not good it is not good that the man should be alone God created us for fellowship and to tell us to not have it is to violate what God commanded and that's why we went that direction that's why we do those kinds of things as a younger pastor I had the opportunity to go to China and China at that time we're talking about a number of years ago now China was very close to Christianity the churches had to be registered with the government they didn't have Bibles and so a friend of ours had had set up something to bring Bibles into China and and we did that we brought suitcases of Bibles took a team in and I still remember going through the line entering into Beijing and bringing in these Bibles and we put them down and it was done in such a way that those who were there to get the Bibles were able to take the Bibles I still remember some people standing over one of the suitcases that was filled with Bibles a couple of the couriers were going to pick them up and deliver them to house churches I still remember seeing them with their hands folded in front of them looking down at the Bibles weeping they knew what was inside of those suitcases they knew it was God's word and they wept over it because we Americans have so many Bibles I have one in my pocket I carry one we have them all over the place they don't have any what they were doing was cutting out pages of the Bible and giving these pages to members of the church and they would tell the members of the church to hold on to this because I'm teaching through this book here so I want you to have this chapter here and that's what they do and then they would collect those things together when they were having church services I met a man his code name I can say now it's been so many years I'm certain he's with Jesus now he's an older man then but his name to me was Panda and I met him in a park in Beijing and while I was there he came I sat down on a park bench it was like 11 at night 10 11 at night empty park in Beijing but there's so many people who are spying on you so I sat on a bench and he came from out of the darkness came and sat next to me and began to share with me his testimony just looking forward and I was looking forward when he was saying I had seven children and when the revolution came because I'm a pastor they arrested me he said and they put me in jail they kept me there for 20 plus years because I'm a preacher of the gospel he said when I got out all of my children who were babies young had grown up into adulthood out of the sick out of the seven children that God blessed me with because he was unusual you only have one child in China but he had several he said out of the seven children I had six of them are followers of Jesus but the communist party has taken the soul of my youngest and I'm there listening and I'm thinking to myself we Christians we Christians have it so easy in comparison that kind of government may very well fall upon us if we're not careful now and so yes we do obey the government indeed we do Christians ought to be the most loyal and best citizens in the nation but the only time that I will refuse is when the command is to disobey God we ought to obey God rather than men and so he says remind them to be subject to rulers and authorities and to obey to be ready for every good work when he says be ready for every good work be ready to do good to the people around us including the sinful as God gives us opportunity no matter how hostile they may be we should be ready to lovingly care for them is what are you saying in Galatians 6 verse 10 it says therefore as as we have opportunity let us do good to all especially to those who are of the household of faith as we have opportunity let us do good to all and so he's speaking about our conduct living in a lost world and he says to do good in verse two he says to speak evil of no one to be peaceful and gentle and showing all humility to all men so this would speak of how we treat our neighbors and our neighbors includes everybody including the politicians that we may not really appreciate he said speak evil of no one when it says evil speaking evil that means don't use abusive language don't don't be insulting and he says be peaceable it means be ready to yield personal advantage for the sake of peace when he says be gentle that speaks of showing what would be called the mildness of spirit and behavior it's a kindness in action he says show humility in other words pride and arrogance are to be forsaken it's a very unattractive attitude of the heart so have a humble spirit but why should we do that pa why would that be important why should we speak evil of no one or be peaceful or gentle why should we show all humility to all men well he says in verse three well for we ourselves were also once foolish disobedient deceived serving various lusts and pleasures living in malice and and be hateful and and hating one another why because we were that way too we ourselves were once foolish so we should understand we should sympathize because they are as what we once were that's why they they they um they the ones who are being written to they they no longer are that way they're no longer foolish and disobedience we no longer are foolish and disobedient why because we've given our hearts to christ and so change he said your life needs to change instead of speaking evil of all politicians and news broadcasters and it would be easy entertainers and educators we should remember what we also once were doesn't that help it helps me yeah it helps me oh i you you those of you who go to this church know i get frustrated sometimes and you'll hear it and i really violate i guess when i'm not being kind and gentle sometimes sometimes i get frustrated too but i i i really need to remember who who i was and what i was because you know when i do it makes me more gracious to other people because i was like that too i've i've been that way too and i've tried to die to that and i've tried to grow in the things of the lord and so i need to remember what i once was and and again to remember that that's a mission field um those are the lost people they're living in a lost world and so we need to sympathize with them we once where he says in verse three we once were foolish when he uses the word foolish that speaks of having a a complete lack of understanding it means being completely uninformed concerning god and and the ways of god we had no understanding of this we were disobedient uh we at one time also rebelled against the authority of god we couldn't even obey the least law that would restrict us and we say well i'm you know i'm i'm pretty much i'm lawful abiding and i say you you probably are except at stop signs right have you noticed that stop signs are now suggestions have you noticed that in my neighborhood i i i'm looking constantly see who's going to blow through the stop sign constantly because there's suggestions to a lot of people they just roll right through it constantly so you know we we say yeah we we we we are obedient i'd say by and large we are but not completely now at least i've noticed that that is true with me we'd been deceived in other words we believe many things while simultaneously rejecting what god has said when it says we were deceived that reminds me Jeremiah 17 verse 9 the heart is deceitful above all things desperately wicked who can know it we had heard things we wanted to believe and we were hoodwinked we were deceived we we went in the wrong direction he said we once verse 3 serve various lust when he uses the word lust that speaks of evil passion he's saying evil passion ruled our lives constantly we lived in that evil passion we lived in malice malice isn't is a strong word it's a it's a desire to harm others to see others suffer it's this attitude of extreme it's been called extreme ill will another word that has been used for despite you just want to see somebody suffer and that that's that's malice envy is resentment envy is a desire for the possessions and qualities that someone else possesses hateful that speaks of being disgusting being offensive filled with hate you hate anyone who stands in your way to get what you want he said hating one another well hating one another is how a lot of crimes including murder and even divorces and things of that nature can occur it speaks of a violence against somebody else that's how violence occurs he says that's what you were don't forget that Titus said and remind the church that it's through the grace of god you've been saved because this was the way you once were but verse four when the kindness and the love of god our savior appeared savior toward man appeared not by works of righteousness which we've done but according to his mercy he saved us through the washing of regeneration and renewing of the holy spirit whom he poured out on us abundantly through Jesus Christ our savior that having been justified by his grace we should become heirs according to the hope of eternal life God through his kindness and his love saved us and he did it by sending Jesus it wasn't works notice of righteousness because our works of righteousness are completely insufficient Isaiah 64 verse 6 says it like this all of us have become like one who is unclean and all our righteous acts are like filthy rags we all shrivel up like a leaf and like the wind our sins sweep us away when he speaks of us having our righteous acts are like filthy rags the filthy rag would be the cloth that a leper who had an oozing wound on his arm they would wrap it with these cloths and the oozing of the leprosy the oozing of the skin that was erupting because of all of the pustules and all that that rag that the leper would wear would get filthy through the dust and grime in life and he said you think you're righteous Isaiah saying we are our righteousness is like filthy rags compared to the incredible brilliant splendor and holiness of God and you need to understand that so it's not by works of righteousness which we've done and what is it that motivated God to send his son Jesus for us his love his his justice well it was his mercy in Psalm 51 verse 1 it reads have mercy on me oh God according to your unfailing love according to your great compassion blot out my transgressions he did this in his mercy now what was the means employed he says through the washing of regeneration and renewing of the Holy Spirit the washing of regeneration is literally through the new birth the new birth regeneration is what it means when we Christians refer to being born again you're born of the flesh and Jesus said that which is born of the flesh is flesh but you're also born of the Spirit and the way that you're born of the Spirit is when you confess your sins before God and you repent of them and you ask God for his forgiveness and then by faith you receive the gift of eternal life and when that happens you are now regenerated you are now born again before you were dead in trespasses and sins Paul says you had no spiritual life in you that's why when Jesus was speaking to that man Nicodemus when Nick came to him at night and when Nicodemus spoke to him Jesus said to him a man must be born again to see and to enter into the kingdom of heaven how is that possible shall a man re-enter his mother's womb and be born a second time now at first the first time I read that when Nicodemus said that I thought what a what a ridiculous question I mean you and Jesus even says you be in a teacher you're a teacher of Israel the teacher of Israel you don't know these things well I was sharing with the guy when I was in the army I say his name was rich and I said to rich I said rich you need to be born again and I'm sitting there and he looks at me and he says what do you mean am I supposed to enter into my mother's womb and be born again oh thank you I said you know rich that's so funny let me show you what scripture says and I opened to John 3 and I read the story of Nicodemus to him I said you just asked a question that a man named Nicodemus 2000 years ago asked how can a man be born again how can I have a new nature I am the sum total of all the days that I have lived how can I have a brand new life and Jesus said you need to be born again you need to be born from above and this is what Paul is speaking of when he speaks concerning the the regeneration that's the new birth we're born again Psalm 51 verse 10 creating me a clean heart oh God renew a steadfast spirit within me Ephesians 526 speaks of the washing of water by the word so when God's word is proclaimed and we by faith hear what he says and we apply it to ourselves we are regenerated we are born again and we are washed in regeneration but notice also he says the renewing of the Holy Spirit the renewing of the Holy Spirit if any man being Christ is the new creation old things are passed away behold all things are become new we are made brand new and his Holy Spirit now dwells within us we become what Paul called in 1st Corinthians 316 the temple of the Spirit of God and the Spirit of God himself dwells in us see I think one of the things people have forgotten in our day is the fact that you need to be born again there are many people professing to be Christian who believe they are because they attend church services or have received certain rituals and they believe themselves to be Christians and they'll speak of themselves in that way and when I was before I was saved before I was born again I thought that way I thought that being a Christian was by observing certain things and therefore I had been baptized and all and therefore I must be a Christian you know I'm not a Buddhist I'm not a Muslim I'm I'm not of some other faith I I must be a Christian and then I heard the gospel and that's when I heard the the evangelist most clearly and he said no you need to confess your sins you need to forsake them you need to turn to God you need to ask Christ to come into your life you need to become the the temple of the Spirit of God you need to be born again and that's when it hit me all this time I thought I was a Christian because I did certain things but I wasn't a Christian because I wasn't a certain thing I wasn't a believer in Jesus Christ I was a practitioner on occasion of a religious tradition and so Paul is reminding him of this this is this is what makes you different and Titus this is what you need to present you need to remember it's the wash and regeneration and the renewing of the Holy Spirit in Isaiah 44 verse 3 we read I will pour out water on the thirsty and streams on the dry ground I will pour out my spirit on your offspring my blessing on your descendants Jesus in John 7 38 said he who believes in me as the scripture has said out of his heart will flow rivers of living water he has lavished upon us his Holy Spirit so when you got saved you became God's temple if there's anything that I as a pastor want to encourage us to remember it's that without the power of the Holy Spirit you're going to live frustrated lives you're going to find yourself stumbling into the same sin over and over again and you're going to start getting to the point where you say what a wretch who's going to save me from this body of death how come I can't have victory what well the answer is you can have victory but sometimes what we do is we rely on our own strength we rely on our own efforts and and I came to realize and I realize it often it's not final reality with me it's something I revisit that without him I can do nothing and so I ask God quite often refresh me in your spirit empower me by your spirit I want to walk in your spirit strengthen me in your spirit Lord may your spiritual gifts work through me may the fruit of your spirit be in my life so that I don't counterfeit have an appearance and of being a believer and someone who loves you but in fact my my mouth may say things of you but my heart is really far from you and see that's the difference between being religious and being right with God and so as to the working of the Holy Spirit that he's poured out on us notice verse 7 he says having been justified by his grace he said we become heirs heirs according to the hope of eternal life God's grace is the means by which God saved us and it's the means by which he has justified us as as declared as not guilty we didn't do anything Paul is saying and he's reminding him he didn't do anything you don't do something to deserve his mercy God has poured it out on you he has done it even though you didn't deserve it and now he says we are his heirs or his family we receive our inheritance from him because he's our father and through regeneration we've become partakers of this very life and we are his children and we can live abundantly because his spirits within us and he has regenerated us and in John 10 verse 10 Jesus has said the thief comes only to steal and kill and destroy I have come that they may have life and have it to the full that's what Jesus promised us a fullness of life not just existence but a fullness of life you know we'll close with one last thought one of the things that this that the devil our enemy does is he tries to convince us that what he has for us is much better than what God has for us he really does you know I hey I don't know about you in my own testimony very briefly I get saved and before you know it things that I had wanted to have before seem to be offered to be now and I begin to think how come these things are now being made available it's because the enemy offers you he offers you what you think you want because it can disguise it enough for you to think it is what you want so but God I want I want love I want to love someone and God brings somebody rather the enemy allows somebody to come around that that you become attracted to when in fact this is a person who isn't going to take you closer to the Lord this is a person who's going to take you away from God but here you are thinking oh God gave me this person there are things that he does the enemy does their counterfeits of what God wants to really give to you and and it takes it takes it takes prayer it takes a growth in the word it takes an awareness of of the value of fellowship it it takes a you know a teacher who can help you it takes so many things but if you go the right path if you if you move in the right direction if you surround yourself with people who love the Lord and and those who have been walking with Christ longer than you have and and you're open and you share with them and say you know I was just given an opportunity to do this and I'm just wondering what do you think you'd be surprised how many of your friends will say nope nope that's the enemy and he's gonna he's trying to rip you off man well you know I you know I he's praying and I ask God to give me a girlfriend and and this girl she's hot I've been wanting this girl yeah but is she a believer I'll bring her to Christ I'll bring her to church we'll go to dates well we'll date we'll go to church no if I stand on the edge of this platform here it's easier for you to pull me down than for me to pull you up and that's what's going to happen oh no God I can tell you stories I'm going to stop because I can but I can tell you stories of people that I've ministered to who have been pulled down because they thought that what they were being offered was what they were praying for that's why you need to stay in the word that's why you need to stay in prayer that's why you need to know who you are and you need to know what the Lord has done for you why because if you want to impact a world that is rejecting God you're not going to impact that world by being just like it there's something different about you and that's why Paul said that older men you should be this way older women you should be this way younger women you should be this way younger men you should be this way in slaves you should be this way but Titus this is how you should be why because you're living in a lost world and the things that are in the world are the things that are tempting you be aware of those things instruct people in these things hold fast to the things of God why because God has given to you the kingdom and I promise you when you're in heaven you're not going to waste even a second wishing you had things you left behind on earth I promise you that everything before you is beautiful that's why father we ask that you would work in our hearts


All right, go ahead. Hey, welcome everybody. Thank you for having me. It's a pleasure. I would like to talk about Portman, the powerful container multi-tool today. So I will speak around about 50 minutes and do some short demos.  We'll run about five minutes. But before we start with the actual content, I would like to introduce myself. So I'm Sasha. You can find me under that name on GitHub, Keybase, or Twitter. And yeah, I'm mostly contributing to Kubernetes or container runtimes these days. So if you want, then you can drop me also a mail. So feel free to reach me out any time. So I'm happy to get into the discussions with you. So what is Portman? Yeah, Portman is a container management tool. So now we could also ask what is a container management tool. It's really hard to describe tools or the purpose of their tools these days because container management tools are so huge. And there are so many out there. But let's defer that question a bit. So initially, Portman was planned as a debugging tool for the Kubernetes container runtime cryo. But now it's more or less a feature-rich tool which can be used as a drop-in replacement for Docker. So this means in the end that mostly every talk regarding to Portman starts with something like, yeah, just put your alias Docker equals Portman, and then you're all set. That's not completely true. And from my point of view, we have to go back from that common opinion. Portman behaves a little bit different and also has architectural decisions made which are completely different from Docker. So if we want to get started with Portman, we usually just have to install the packages. So we have packages for Arch Linux. We have packages for Fedora and also for OpenSUSE distributions. And we also have packages for Mac OS, REL, Ubuntu, Resbian. And it's already built in OpenSUSE Cubic and for the Fedora Core as well. During the installation of Portman, we see that there are a lot of dependencies. So that are not only built-in dependencies or dependencies which depend on the runtime itself. We also have dependencies which are configuration-based. For example, CNI and also CNI plugins, Konmon and runs C down here gives us an indicator that Portman is more or less based on different other tools or is, from a container runtime perspective, on a level where other tools around gets used. So that brings us to the architectural effects. So Portman is a demon-less container engine. It uses Konmon for container lifetime monitoring. So we will come back to that later. And it supports rootless containers as well. I know that Docker also supports rootless containers these days, but this is more or less an architectural decision made by Portman. It uses the container networking interface, which is a standalone project mostly used in Kubernetes environments for networking purposes. And it also utilizes lower-level container runtimes like Run C, or it can also use Cutter containers. I think there's a talk today about this topic as well. So then, let's come to the demo, pretty good on time. So I wrote a little application which is called Fasten 20, which is a prize. And what we can see, I can also, this should be readable as well. I baked in multiple demos regarding Portman. So the only requirement to run this demo application is to have a Portman installation which supports rootless and root-based Portman executions or containers. So then, let's start with the first demo, which is about the basics. So running a container in Portman is more or less a trivial task. So we can run a container in Portman like we already would expect it in Docker. So we just run Portman run, create our alpine container, and we do some echo hello world. And this works, which is a prize, pretty nice. Yeah, we also have a lot of other command line parameters which are already well known from Docker, like you can give containers a name, or you can detach them to send them into the background. And if you do that with that container which just sleeps forever, then we get a unique container ID bag which can be used to re-identify our container. Oh, we also have a name for sure. And if you now run Portman PS, then we can see that the container's up and running since some seconds. And we can also exec into that container as well. So if we list the processes inside that container, then we can see that our process with pit one is our sleep command, and the PS command has pit nine in that case. So there's no demon running for Portman. So this means that Konmon is the monitoring tool which has to be dispatched to actually ensure the lifetime of the container.  But we can also see that, for example, it uses run C as runtime, as lower level container runtime. And it uses, for example, the storage driver overlay or something like this. So these are all information Konmon needs to actually set up the container and track the container lifetime. So this means we can also use run C to have a look into that container as well. So if we do a run C list and then look for our containers, then we see that we have our container up and running. So the container manager is Lippot in that case and I am the owner of the container, yay. So this works as well. And if we now kill our process with signal sick kill and just the sleep process on the local host, then this succeeds as well and we can see that the container is not running anymore. And it has exited on signal 137. Some seconds ago, this means that Konmon ensures that the signal gets delivered, but it does not ensure that the signal gets delivered and ensures that the status of the container gets written to this accordingly. So let's come to our next demo. We are pretty good in time regarding the isolation principles and POTMAN. So in POTMAN, we have the possibility to play around with the isolation between the container and the host. So this means if we now run a container where we specify that the pit is the host and look at the processes inside that container, then we can see that we have access to the processes on the host. So this means we can also run another container which has a name first in our demo.  And if we now look into our running containers, then both are up and running. And if we exit into the first container and list at the processes, then we can see that they share the same pit namespace and both sleep commands are attached to more or less the same pit namespace. So they are running in equal containers, but have the same pit namespace. So POTMAN is also able to give us more information about the namespaces by specifying POTMAN ps minus minus ns. And here we can see that they actually share the pit namespace, so this is the same file descriptor. And we, for example, for the networking namespace, they are different. So they have dedicated networking interfaces attached. So let's come to our next demo, which is regarding POTS. So POTS is a concept coming from Kubernetes. So where multiple containers share a set of common resources like the networking interface, and POTMAN wouldn't be POTMAN if it would not support POTS as well. So let's create a POT. We call it myPOT. And we, it's the same like running a container. We just get a unique identified back where we can re-identify our POT. And if we now do something like POTMAN POT ps, then we can see that our POT is up and running. So our POT has only one container attached, which is more or less the infra container. So this infra container is the same like this POS container you maybe know from Kubernetes. It just ensures that the POT is up and running and the network interface, for example, is attached to that POT. If we now run a new container, then we are able to specify our POT via minus minus POT. So if we do the same with our sleep example, like we did in the previous demos, then we can actually run that container and then we can also create another container inside that POT. So we are totally free to do anything we want with that POT. And now, if we try to access that that engine X that we currently started, then we will see that we can create a new container which just, just the W get on localhost. And we can see that the engine X is reachable. Or this is because POTs share their networking namespace. Now we come to a really fancy feature of POTman. POTman gives us the possibility to generate cube manifests from our POTs. So we can do this by POTman generate cube and then we specify our file my POT. And if we look into that file, then we can see that this is a fully working Kubernetes POT manifest with all our containers running in it. For example, we have our W get command here. We executed some commands ago. And if we now remove all our containers from POTman, because this is how the demo should work, then we can demonstrate that we are also able to replay this manifest inside POTman. So this is pretty handy if we want to, so now no container is running. And then we are able to play to run POTman play cube and choose this POT YAML. And if we do this, and we can see that POTman creates a POT and POTman creates also three new containers. And this is more or less everything we did in the previous demo steps. Funny enough, this W get does no fail. This is because this engine X is not up and running during the execution of this W get because they are all executed in parallel. This is something which has to be considered when creating POT manifests as well. So it's pretty good. You can also, if you develop a Kubernetes application, then you theoretically could edit this manifest and then try it out in POTman, which is pretty nice without having the need for Kubernetes at all. So then let's come, I'm your pretty, we just have five minutes left, right? Okay, we are almost done. I think we have a lot of more demos. I hadn't the chance to display all of them. So we have a security related demo, networking regarding the mounting container storage to the local path regarding images, regarding system de-handling. So there's a huge feature set of POTman, which is not probably not, I'm not able to show you all of them, but you can have a look at them on GitHub under my name and then first and 20, or the slides are available at the same domain, but slides.com first and 20. And I think we can now have a short discussion if you want or answering questions. Any questions so far? There. Do you need a microphone? I can hear you, I just want to hear you. I saw there was a port for Mac OS, I was wondering how it's implemented on Mac OS, does it use the Docker desktop VM? It's more about the remote client. So POTman has this walling API where you have a remote, where you can use a remote client to connect to a POTman instance. And that is all about right now. Okay, cool. Other questions? Oh, okay. Obviously, other kind of the room. Who was it? Can you talk a little bit more about networking and how to forward ports outside of the POTs? Oh, the port forwarding works. I would, I'm not, how does it work from a technical perspective? So networking itself works via CNI, so you can specify different configurations. We are the usual CNI plugins. For example, you can specify networks and routes, for example. And rootless networking works via a slope from NetNS, which is a users-based networking implementation based on TAP interface, which gets mounted into the container. So this is a huge topic, but the port forwarding works, and from my point of view, we are SoCAD, which works the same way in Kubernetes, but... Okay, that's great, thank you. Okay, I think we are... Can we run POTman with a rootless user and what's out the limitation? Sorry, I didn't... Can we run POTman with a rootless user? Yeah. And what's out the limitation? What the implementation is? The limitation. The limitation. For example, AppArmor doesn't work rootless, so some features don't work rootless, but generally, I would say, because POTman runs in a username space, then I don't see any limitation. And networking doesn't work via CNI, for example. It could be a limitation, but generally it works pretty well. The file system works via Fuse overlay FS, which is pretty feature-complete from my perspective. But if you find anything, you have to report it, yeah? Okay, thank you. Okay, so you said that POTman is daemon-less and it uses container-mon to monitor running containers. If I let a container run in the background, how will it know that the container died so it can restart something of the sort? How does container-mon work in that situation? Yeah, that's totally the job of Konmon to keep track of that. POTman just interacts with Konmon. But does it send like a callback or...? Sorry? Does it send like a callback to POTman so it knows that it needs to restart the container? Yes, kind of. But you don't have POTman running, right? So, for example, if you want cryo, then you have a direct connection between cryo and the Konmon processes these days, just for tracking purposes. But for POTman, there's nothing running than Konmon when a container's running. So it's just a CLI, basically? Yeah, yeah, yeah. And laying out a state on this. Thank you. Is there any support for Windows? Oh, that's a good question. Maybe for the remote client, we could build it for Windows, yeah? But not right now, I don't think so. Sorry. Any other question? Okay, that looks like it. Thank you. Thank you.


The study identifies a cluster of GABAergic neurons in Drosophila larval brain, called SEZ localized descending GABAergic neurons, SDGs, that prevent presynaptic activity through GABA receptor and suppresses gait behavior by attenuating nisoseption. Glucose feeding to starved larvae causes sustained activation of SDGs through glucose sensing neurons and subsequent insulin signaling in SDGs, which leads to the suppression of noxious stimuli and the prioritization of feeding over escape behavior. This article was authored by Mami Nakamizo Dojo, Kinichi Ishii, Jiro Yoshino, and others.


OK, thanks everyone for staying with us up till now. We have an exciting panel coming up.  The panel is going to be reviewing the status, the future, and the evolution of the cloud-native infrastructure for telecom. We talked about the cloud-native network functions today a lot and how to build them. And I think with the latest presentation, we started digging a bit deeper into the infrastructure. Now we're going to take a head plunge and speak about the infrastructure itself. So we have a team set of panelists today representing huge telecom operators from across the globe. So we'll quickly start with a round of introductions so you know who's who. And then we'll dig into the questions. So Yoshi, do you want to start? Yes. So good afternoon. I'm Yoshihiro Nakajima from NT Dogomo. I'm working on the NLP platform development and the standardization in the network budgetization, including the core and the radio side. So I'm also the chair of HNHP. So thank you. Good afternoon, everyone. So my name is Fili Ponsage. I'm VP software engineering at Torange. So basically, I'm driving the cloud-native telecom transformation for range. And if you have some question about the project Silva that had been quoted early in the Oversession, don't hesitate to reach out to me. Yeah, and I'm Paul Gonsun from Tenenar, director of the cloud strategy and architecture across both the network side involving centralized public clouds and edge type of workloads and also the IT. For now, I'm also the vice chair of the open source model project hosted by Etsy. Yeah. Hi, good afternoon. My name is Katsuhiro Horiba from Southbank. I'm director of the network research office and the research institute of the Southbank. Our team is conducting the clarification of the mobile core. We will lift the 5G core on top of the public cloud. And we are also trying to figure out the 60 mobile core as our research. Thank you very much. Yeah, thank you. So first question is, I would like to get your opinion. What do you see as the current status of telco cloud infrastructure or cloud-native infrastructure? And specifically, do you see convergence toward a single architecture? Or would you say there's still quite a lot of fragmentation with each operator choosing their own architecture? So to be Katsu starting with you. OK. Yeah. Unified house environment is ideal for the telcom operators. But yeah, we have not to be there at this time. So because there are lots of the requirements for the individual network functions, like IO intensive or something like legacy protocol support, like SCTP or PFCP, so we need to have to adapt multiple CRDs at this time. So this is a reality at this time. Yeah, I also agree to that. And I think it has been highlighted a lot throughout the presentations in this session as well, both from Ericsson pointing out the view from the network function vendor. And I think Filip from F5 also pointed out some challenges there. So I think I also see that there is still some fragmentation. And putting it also from a bit from an operator perspective is that due to different needs from the network functions as well, we often see that many of the network function vendors kind of insist on bringing their own cast or Kubernetes platform, which is very tailored to their application. And why they do that is specifically what you said, like there are specific needs on the networking, looking at the technical side, and looking a bit away from the other side, which is more the political side. And that leads to fragmentation, because those platforms or those cast layers are usually not supporting multi-vendor applications, is what we see. So yeah, that's a bit on perspective from my side. I would say that by design, the ecosystem is fragmented, because basically we move from a very vertical integration model to something that is, I would say, much more horizontal. If we just consider what are the different flavors right now, we have, I would say, the cast from the network vendor, the cast coming from the IT players. We have the hyperscalers. And we have also the open source ecosystem. And for instance, the industrial grade, the cloud native telco silver project is one of this example. At orange, what basically we are trying to do to push away this complexity is to bet on an industrial model and operating model. Basically, our industrial model release product that rely on technology. It means that we have two rows of abstraction. But at the end of the day, it's only consistency toward our customer, because basically, our job is to set up, build and operate the core infrastructure that is used by our affiliates, by our country. So we want to keep as much as we can, the consistency toward our customer, and to manage on our side as much as we can, basically the complexity. But right now, we are really investing about the industrialized, I would say, flavor of the silver project for the cast side. So I'd like to say that two aspects from the fragmentation of the cloud native are like from the ecosystem side, I think it is a good healthy, the diversity of the container environment and it's much, much important. And I think from the standardization point of view, fragmentation is like a nightmare for everything. Like lots of organizations try to realize the cloud native things. But in terms of the consumer of our specifications or discussion on how to realize the Tereco cloud native, it's lots of choice and lots of combination that it's very difficult to proceed the huge deployment scenario. So it's a very difficult question for us. Yeah, so it sounds like there are quite a few challenges in getting to a converge architecture and we'll soon talk about how open source and standards can help. But before that, we said cloud native so many times today but we didn't really stop for a moment to define it. So I'm curious about what you see as the main concepts in cloud native is it's just putting everything in Kubernetes. What else is there to become really cloud native? So maybe whoever wants to take it or buy order. Okay. So in terms of the cloud native philosophy, so of course we are in the telecom network. So we are trying to provide a much large scale and this truly distributed cloud infrastructure for mobile network system. And in terms of the cloud native, so we need to provide a much higher level as they are using the flexible and the operation much efficient efficient operations using the container orchestration. And in the same time, so we are trying to realize a fully automation regarding the deployment and the operations and the maintenance. So that is a much, much important because from the 5G era, so we need to provide a lot of the network, so customized network to the customers. So that is a diversity for the use cases and lots of things, but using the manual or the human operation, it's not enough for the diversity network. I think the cloud native is a one key success to push towards that future networking. If I may compliment, and basically if we only focus on Kubernetes, we won't succeed because if we have a cloud native infrastructure without cloud native services, what did we get at the end of the day? So I think that for me, the topic of cloud native is much more heuristic. So okay, it's about the runtime, but it's also on the way we want to design the network function the cloud native way. So the microservices, the loosely coupled to power, I would say the residency, the self and autoilling, the closed loop reconciliation, the drift management, all the principle that need to be implemented at workload level, if we want to have a full stack cloud native otherwise, at the end of the day, we will have extraordinary, I would say cloud native infrastructure with nothing running on it. So I think we must think the topic much more holistically. Yeah, I also agree that looking at the runtime and question if it's only Kubernetes, I think we see many examples that are other things coming in as well. Like I was in the edge session earlier today seeing how like Docker containers are being provisioned and managed with Podman as an example, right? People are talking about WebAssembly. There's a lot of things coming in, but I think I also would like to focus more on the bigger aspects of the cloud native because I would say Kubernetes is a key enabling technology and definitely needed. But it's, and also Ericsson pointed that pretty well out in their recommendation, focus on the people and the processes. Because in my view, cloud native is, it is really about the people processes and also the tools of course, and how you kind of move that culture, which is the biggest challenge at least for I would say operators with a lot of legacy, but also for other industry with a lot of legacy and even for the network function vendors. So that is what we really need to move in my view. And ultimate goal of this cloud native perspective that we would like to reduce the operation cost and have a agility for the business. And the Kubernetes provide us the something like intent-based operation to manipulate the, you know, this kind of the services. But I don't think Kubernetes is the only way to replace this kind of services, but to be honest, the best practice of this kind of services is Kubernetes at this time. Yeah, so we heard about the goal of adopting cloud native technology and we're in an open source conference. So the obvious question is, what do you think about open source technology and is it applicable to telcos in their transition to cloud native? And naturally, how do you deal with things like SLA, security, reliability when you're using open source for telcos? So what is your experience indicating? Is it applicable? Is it not? What have you learned? I can start. So I think definitely it's a very, very good question. I think that there is two things that I want to highlight here. The first one is that when we are moving into this horizontal model and basically what we are, I would say, months after months expecting or observing is that the network function vendors are transforming themselves as software vendor. And what happened 20 years back in the IT is quite simple when we have the disaggregation of the hardware, the orchestration and the software. New rules and new job appears in company. It was the role of doing the integration and who will take the accountability. It will happen exactly on the same way at operator level. And when you are in front of, I would say, this situation, you have different, I would say, flavor to do the implementation and open source, definitely, is one. And from our standpoint, what we are observing is that you cannot only choose open source. You need to be part of the ecosystem. Otherwise, you are absolutely notable to answer to the challenges that you raised, Rani, about the SLA, about the security, about all of this. So only consuming without being, I would say, deeply implied into the ecosystem, I think, cannot be successful. And something that is perhaps interesting as well to understand is that, OK, you can rely and you can bet on your own, I would say, teams. But there is also very interesting company that are highly focused into open source that could really support you in the critical, I would say, SLA or security topic. So what we need to understand is that it's like, I love the answer that I've been given previously by the team of Ericsson. It's not good or bad. It's different. And I truly think that it's the case as well for open source. Great hearing about open source contributions. That wasn't planned. Yeah, to comment a bit, now I have fully open source. We are using it a lot and I think it's extremely important. Only question if you just can take it straight down and consume it as is. I would say, yes, in a way, but there's always a but. There's quite some things that needs to be done, right? Putting in place, networking the right way, the service measures, and especially on security, are you put in place that zero trust, orchestrating the security policies for the pods, right? Ingress firewalling and all of that. So there are quite some things that needs to be done. But in a way, we can take down the Kubernetes downstream and do that ourselves. But I think a challenge also for the operator is like a telenoor operating across many markets in North Europe and also in Asia. You see that in order to get there, we need the capabilities, the people, right? It becomes kind of some system integration. And that's something which is not that easy to get in place always. That's why we often rely on using vendors to get there. I think the open source can provide the individual parts of the system, but we would like to have something like a guru code to integrate them to have a single system. So I think Rani told that we need to have a blueprint and test cases or something like that. We'd like to share those kind of information. That is, I think that is a leverage to the open source technologies and open source communities. So in terms of the reliability and the lots of aspects of SLA, I believe the open source is one success for everything. So back to the 10 years ago, so every people said, Telecom said, so we are going to deploy the open-stack-based system for one network system. So now, so many operators are running the huge amount of the open-stack environment. So now, so we are trying to realize the container or a cloud-native infrastructure for Teleco. So using the, of course, the complexity is different and the requirement of the networking is different from the IT and enterprise use cases, but many trial or many development, so much development of the cloud infrastructures and the application itself is a much, much important to modernize the Telecom network system. So, yeah, of course, in the past, the each and the protocol between the network node, it's a dedicated team, even in the SS7 or the SCTP, lots of protocol are developed by in-house, but now the many communication between the instances and the network node can be realized using the framework. So that is a much efficient development style. So I think such the modernized development style and the deployment style will be the much beneficial for the operators. That's why I believe the open source. Yeah, that's actually a good segue to my next question because I wanted to ask about, you mentioned protocols and I wanted to ask about standards. So we talked about open source, but what is the role of standards and how can it help operators adopt cloud-native infrastructure and CNFs faster? Okay, so I'd like to say the such issues from the standardization point of view because I'm a chair of the CNF specification. And yeah, of course, the 4D specification or standardization work, it's a much, much difficult in the past, like in the 3GPP, they try to standardize the protocol between the nodes, but our orchestration and the management interface is a very sticky to the implementations. So we cannot survive without the open source technologies because the container is a major, the Kubernetes is a major orchestration for Kubernetes. As well as the OpenStack is one of the major the supporting of the VM. And of course, like, so we need, so the standardization point of view, so the standardization need to work with the open source like a silver and the Nefio and the Anuket a lot of the open source project. So we try to reorganize the discussions or how to promote the implementation for the future and the infrastructures based on the open source. I think that when we are talking about standards, I think that the topic of open standard is perhaps something that I really love because I would say that it's the way the CSPs are working together to make this happening. Just two highlights. I don't know if you read the cloud native manifesto that have been proposed by the NGMN. We released this on September the 13th. So it's a page basically from CSP standpoint about the why our industry need cloud native telco. A second one that honestly for me is very, very good. It's the one that have been released by the CNCSNF conformance test on last Friday. A very, very good, I would say, white paper that is I would say giving an observation of the pain point that we are now daily life observing and bringing action point. And something that is very interesting about this open standard move is that we have very well understanding from network vendor standpoint. On the discussion that I would say on weekly base, I think with the users who's paid we are all working with. Honestly, they are quite very positive because at the end of the day, it's lower down I would say what they are implementing in a specific mode and we all know that what is specific is what is killing us. And I would say the vendor as well. So yes, standard but open standards it's even more important for me. Yeah, I totally agree with you guys. I think the reference code, working code with the standard is very important. Previously we got open stack Taka project that is something like a sample implementation of the NFU all. I think that kind of the relationship is very important to show and to prove this specification can be used to this real operation. Yeah, no good points made. I think like you can see it from first on the HCNNV, I think HCNNV have always been kind of supportive of open source and also put in place, what should I say? Modeling and the framework for open source to have its life into HCNNV. I think that's a very good thing but I think on the whole problem we can look it from three perspective. One, you make a standard and then an open source project implements accordingly, right? Second way is that an open source project goes first and then you create a standard based on it. But I think the third thing is that we need to collaborate. And I think we are doing that to some extent between standards and open source community. But I think that is something we need to increase significantly to make that this really fruitful and speed up both on the standardization side, right? And also helping the open source and propelling that. Yeah, I think this is something we're trying to do from both sides, both from the open source communities and the standards organizations. Sometimes with bigger success, sometimes less but we're striving to improve there. And I wanna kind of switch gears and with my next question and it wouldn't be a panel without a question about AI. So let's throw that into the game. With all the things that we've seen and learned in recent years with telco infrastructure and NFV and the transition with hardware software desegregation with standards like Etsy with open source. Where does it put telcos in terms of running AI workloads? Do you think that we are ready for that? Are there advantages? What are the challenges for running AI workloads on the telco infrastructure? I don't know. Maybe Paul, you wanna start? Yeah, I can put some, at least some reflections on this if you say, so we have the GPUs and everything. So if we want to do the hardware software desegregation in order to abstract, right? So we need to put some abstraction in place to make that happen. I think GPUs and GPUs and other accelerators are really, really, really there to be super-performance and optimized for what they are there to do. And then when we put an abstraction on top then there's usually some hurt or hit on the penalty on the performance. That is the challenge. We had that for the in virtualization with the NICS, right? We use SRIV and PCI-Pastro. And there's a penalty on the performance that hits. And so how to get around that when doing the desegregation is a big question to me. But if we get there, then it and still maintain the performance. That's a huge achievement so that we can get this interoperability also in that space. So that's just a point on that. On the need for AI, ML and everything within telco, definitely there's a lot. And I think we have seen some examples earlier today as well in one of the lightning speeches on use cases there. So I mean, that's really coming full speed as we speak. Yeah, ultimate goal of our activity, we have a dream to host the, you know, both network functions and something like application for the business like edge computing on top of the single infrastructure. That is the dream. And but currently the AI machine learning environment is something like a very tight couple environment between the hardware and the software. And I know that those kind of use cases, very extreme use cases in this era, but we would like to integrate those kind of use cases on top of the single infrastructure. I think this is kind of the physical infrastructure management activity that is something like a new activity in XENFE at this time. Yes, and those activity can be applied to the, you know, acceleration hardware in the virtual radio access network system. So we would like to conduct, to abstract those kind of the acceleration card on top of the single infrastructure. Perhaps to comment on my side on this, the first topic is that no AI won't happen if we don't get the data. So perhaps that from a standard of specification, if we can get a standard as a way to have exporters to have the data in, I would say, a very easy to integrate way, it would be a very good starting point to do the impulse of what Paul introduced. The second point about AI, when I reached KubeCon, I was curious about how much gen AI we will have during the weeks. And I did the math and I found something like 14 or 15 different talks. So I would be very curious to know what won't be the number down the coming years, but what was very interesting is that the first case of gen AI was about observability and to use natural language basically to browse our data model, to have, I would say, real-time understanding of what's happening. So definitely I would say I'm quite excited by observing what will happen in this area because I think that it's certainly where we need to have the best answer on our challenges. I think the AI ML is a powerful tool for the operation and the design phases. So we have tons of the configuration everywhere. So we need to verify the human scale. It's not good enough. And we need to automate such a processing as a checking processing using the AI ML technologies. And of course, so we need to run the multi-bender environment using the application level to the infrastructure level. So that means we need to set up the huge data system to proceed the huge log and the configuration data to the one places. So that is the big challenges for the AI ML usage. Yeah, sounds exciting. I do have two more questions, but I wanted to give a chance for the audience to maybe ask a question or two. So if anybody in the room would like to ask our panelists anything, we have a question there. Yeah, so, okay. Yeah, so I have kind of like a business-related question. So I worked for 56k cloud. We're like a small system integrator that kind of helps telcos, adopter, native and software. And one thing I've seen fundamentally really difficult in this industry and it's also like in the OT industry is it doesn't pay. So if you look at the GSIs and SIs and their delivery of like say their vendor or partner solutions, and I don't want to be name-dropping or anything. So if you look at like a lot of the telco industry is dominated in Europe with two major telcos, the delivery of that is in a large extent actually where they get the money, where they get the revenue. And now if this is gonna be getting re-stacked from an open source, one of the limitations is that suddenly, you know, the telco could do it or a large GSM. So if we want to get like an adoption going, I think we need to be working with like the people who are doing RFQs or P's. So it really gets written in there in the kind of RFQs or P's that people are writing towards that says we need to see CNF function there. We need to see open source, not just standardization because usually like if you look at GSMA or 3GPP, the standard exists and then people develop towards it. We're here talking about let's develop a library and the people gravitate towards that and they get critical mass in the open source industry. Oh, and then by the way, let's make a standard so we can have some governance. And in the telco, it's the other way around. So, you know, I just love to get your opinions on, you know, how do we address that? And also how do we address the legacy, you know, system integrators where licensing and all that complicated delivery and maintaining, you know, the telco stack for their operators?  Who wants to address that? Yeah, I see a good question. I think back to the question on if we are asking for open source, we do definitely into the, like whether it was open stack back in the days or Kubernetes now, that's something we ask for. I know it's not easy and we have been struggling with this for, what should I say, eights in how many years it has been since we started moving into closed for network. But I agree, it's a lot about how you put in place what should I say, the service agreements like split the responsibility and the operating model around it when it comes to integration because if you use a system integrator, the system integrator has a big, big role. But the other actors, including the operator, the, what should I say, the cloud platform vendor and also the application vendors in a multivander setting has specific roles into making it successful. And then we are back also, which was discussed earlier today a bit on the blame game, who is responsible for what, so it's not easy. And even if you ask for open source, I think a bit back to what Philip from F5 discussed in his talk today is that there are situations where we are maybe lacking something and who is responsible to deliver it. So it is still challenging. And that's also a bit back to the first question I would say on the fragmentation on the cloud platform parts, just to put some reflections but it's a very good questions that we are dealing with every day. Anyone else want to answer? Because I see we have another question. Hi everybody, Rima Jontel, I'm from Redhead. So my question is for all of you. When you have a CNF vendor who comes to you, and you have a platform, Kubernetes platform, based on open source, and your vendor tells you, I can only run if my application is the only one running on your platform and I need root privileges for everything. And by the way, I have a service match that's gonna be incompatible with the one you're already running. So you need to uninstall it, et cetera. What do you do? How do you have that conversation with your vendor? What do you tell them? Do you accept it? Do you push back? I'm just curious. Thank you. Completely theoretical scenario, right? Never happened. Yeah, I think so in our case, so we need to host the big technical debate how to integrate the application itself on the platform. So because the vendor expects, so vendor has some prerequisite limitations or conditions for everything. And we need to combine our requirement and they are set to the one places. And yeah, of course, yeah, you are the Redhead. And some vendor expects that infrastructure will be another Redhead. So that means the migration cost is a much huge. And so we need to discuss it technically. The historical situation you depicted is really real, I guess. I think that what you expressed is the reality of what we are having today. At the range of what we are trying to do is to anticipate the topic and to, I would say, proactively reach out to our partners and discuss with them the kind of new requirements we are expecting. And we are perfectly aware that it won't happen in a night, but if we won't proactively start to say we would prefer to work like this, like this, with these kind of requirements, nothing will change. And at the end of the day, if I would say we are proactive and if, I would say, on the global ecosystem, it's a win-win relation, I think we can expect some progress. But unfortunately, the situation you depicted is really real. Thank you very much. I'm sorry, but I think we're a bit over time. I overruled and said we could go one last question. One last question. We've got plenty of time. Thank you. Okay, here it goes. I'm really fascinated by the difference between standards and patterns, right? Growing up in service provider, everything's a standard, and standards just get more complex. And it gets really complicated when you're doing standards at the leading edge of something because you're often guessing about where things are gonna go. Patterns, which is an interesting concept that comes up a lot in Kubernetes and anti-patterns, are more about general approaches and having things like manifestos and things that say these are the set of principles we believe in. I'm wondering what you guys think, are we capable of somehow reinforcing patterns without having everything to become a standard? That's a good question. I think back to the patterns and also principles, what we do for the cloud platform, at least, is that we have a set of strategic principles that we follow. And then in fact, one of them is not standard-based, but it's de facto standard-based because we realize that if there is a good standard, like say for something which needs specific interfacing to business critical systems that we have, we are very strict on following them. But in some other areas, then like specifically when it comes to Kubernetes or the cloud layer, it's like there are quite some areas where we don't have concrete standards, like where we follow the open source and then that involves, in my view, following the patterns in the open source as well. So it's a very good question and so I'm more into that line. But not for everything because we don't have open source everywhere, even though I would like to have open source more places. If I just can complement one, a very good question. I think it depends about the validation playbook on which we can rely. I love the concept of pattern and anti-patterns, but at the end of the day, against what are we doing the evaluation? So if we have an enough consistent, I would say, playbook of tests, fine. But we need to have this validation to know that basically the service is delivering what we are expecting expressed inside the pattern. So for me, it's heavily depends about the way and the means to do the testing and the validation. All right, thank you very much. Thank you to our moderator, thank you to our panel. Yes.