Does it sound all right? Yeah, OK. I guess so. OK, lots of people. I guess RMS didn't sing the Free Software song. I was a bit afraid that everybody would run away. But sorry about that. There were some problems with this. I don't have network yet. They have gone through for a network cable. So I can demo some of the distributed stuff. Let me start the presentation. Can you bring me the other mouse? This one doesn't work. Well, anyway.  Sorry, I'm a bit nervous. OK, it works. Well, I'm going to talk about plan 9.   And well, first of all, talk about what most people ask about plan 9, which is, well, it's plan 9 open source. Because for many years, it was not open source. And it was not free software, whatever your political tendency is. Well, yes, plan 9 and Inferno, which I will not speak about today. But it's also closely related to plan 9, are open source. And they are free software. A few years ago, the license was changed. RMS, which I think is not around anymore, said that then it was all right. The open source initiative said that it was all right. And the Debian project actually packages some of the Debian source code. So it's also free, according to the Debian free software guidelines. We in plan 9 don't like to talk about licenses. Well, we only prefer to talk about code and about technical stuff. So after so many years, people is a bit sensible. But, well, I hope everybody should be happy to know that it's under a free software license. OK, this, I guess, is the most important of the whole presentation. Jim Thuinsky asked once, what's the most important thing about a project? So I think we have a pretty good answer for plan 9. Well, I guess I think it's a very cute basket. I don't know what other people agree.  I hope people find it useful. OK, some history. Plan 9 was started in the mid-80s by the same people that did UNIX in the 70s and 60s. Well, late 60s. And that's another common question people say. So it's plan 9 finished. Can people use it? Well, in Bell Labs, it has been used since 1980. And since 1989, in a production environment by quite a few hundreds of people, the problem is that they are pretty quiet about it. They use it. And, yeah, well, it has been used since then. And today, it's also used. Other organizations use it, too. It's used at Los Alamos National Laboratory. They use it for clustering and so on. It's used at various universities. And, well, some small companies use it, too. Plan 9 has had four public releases, major releases. They are not very common. But, well, the first one was in 93, but only to universities. Then the second edition was still preparatory in 95. And you had to pay for it. And then in 2000 was the first source code release. And then it was, in 2002, was under this new open source license, which was accepted for everybody. There is also Inferno, which is sort of the system from Plan 9. Inferno is quite different. But it uses some of the same ideas. And they have many things in common. And they use the same technologies. I will not speak very much of Inferno, but I think people should also look into it. It's also open source. It's under a GPL and MIT license. And it's very interesting. It also uses a different language. It's not in C. Well, parts of it is quite in C, but it uses the limbo programming language, which is rather interesting. OK, what about Plan 9 today? Well, most people think it's dead. I have heard many people say it. But it's not really. I mean, every day there is changes to the source tree. And the ISO that you can install and boot from, it's not only an installer. You can also boot it without installing it in your hard disk directly. It's rebuilt every day from the latest sources. So you can go to nyanfans.net. And there you can download it. It's 80 megabytes compressed. Well, I think if you compare with some recent Linux distributions that are like a few DVDs or something, I think there's a small size difference. And then there is a system to retrieve updates to your running system to update your source code directly from what it's called sources. Sources is the main repository of the source code at Bell Labs. And any user can send patches using a patch management system called patch, slightly confusing with the Unix patch. There's many things in Plan 9 that are somewhat confusing because they have nothing to do. So you can create patches and you can send them into the queue and somebody will look at them and say, oh, this is all right, and put it into the main system or not. And then there is N-Sources Country, which is if you write something for Plan 9 but doesn't fit into the main distribution or you port some software or whatever, anybody can get a directory there and put any random code that you can come up with. And you can find also lots of contributed documentation and contributed programs and so on. So that's also interesting. OK, some more older background. I guess everybody knows about Multics, but I wonder, I guess nobody has ever used it here. Not me either. Well, because it was a great system, but it was a bit too complicated. So in the late 60s, Multics was started and was going to be the next big operating system that was going to be useful for everything and it was going to be able to do everything and so on. But, well, it became too big, too complex, and in the end just failed completely. Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie, which were at Bell Labs at the time, were part of the project and, well, when they failed, they had nothing to do. So they went to play with a PDP7 and, well, we everybody knows what happened next. Unix was born. But what was different from Unix to Multics? They all had lots of things in common. But they had a big difference that Unix was much, much simpler than Multics. Unix took some of the ideas of Multics. Almost all the concepts that you can find in Unix, you could find them in Multics, like a hierarchical file system, like even pipes existed. If I remember correctly, in some form of fail, but I think it was called data channels, they existed in Multics. But the problem is that to do what you do in a single line, like a cat full, piping to grep, piping to sort, you had to write like 10 lines of code that set up the channel and then used it. And the programs had to be especially designed to talk to each other and so on. So Unix came up with a much simpler and cleaner way to do it. And, well, and then there is the idea of one program to do one thing well, which actually that was pretty new in Unix. And text as a universal language. Text everywhere. All applications speak text. They print text, and they understand input as text. And that way, all programs can talk together. And if they sign to originally to work together, that there's lots of ways you could build powerful combinations. And, well, that was pretty new at the time, writing in a high level language. All these Unix had in 1970s. But today, Unix has some of these things, but others are a bit lost. It's too old to do one thing well. I mean, it's like you have networking into Bash and that kind of really useful features. And then you have networking built into Alk and networking built into Cat. Oh, no, I think GNU or Cat doesn't have that yet. Maybe. I don't keep track of all the dash, dash, blah, blah, blah options. Maybe in the main page. Oh, no, in the info page, sorry. So what are the problems? I mean, many of these things are still true, but it has not changed very much. So why was Plan 9 started? By the same people that created Unix. Well, during the 80s, well, Unix started to grow and grow and get more complex. So it was not simple anymore. And also it started to like the people in California doing LSD, they started to add like sockets and a bunch of other stuff like that. So that started to make problems. And the thing is that Unix was not designed to work in a network time environment. Unix was designed as a time sharing system where all the users were in a single system and where all the resources were in a single place. And you access them more or less in the same way, but in a centralized place. And it was not designed for graphics either, and it was not designed for lots of things that have happened in the last 30 years. But lots of people just went and attached them on the side of Unix. Well, maybe with quite a bit of thought, but without following the Unix principles. So, and still, well, in Unix, things don't work as well as they could. And there is lots of accumulated stuff. I will talk a bit about what the stuff has accumulated in Unix, which the people that developed Unix thought it was time to get rid of. And the most important with all these people adding a stuff is that it was a loss of conceptual integrity. This is something that Fred Brooks wrote about in a mythical man month, which I hope everybody has read. It's one of the most important computer science books. And conceptual integrity of a system is very important because it's what it makes it consistent and what makes all the parts of the system possible to understand and what you know with one part of the system be possible to apply to another part of the system. And in Unix, that has been lost by adding all these things from other systems and all these hacks to adapt it to the network and to other new things. So Unix is not very simple anymore. And well, if you just look at the GCC man page or something like that, you will notice that it has got a bit complicated. So here's a list of things that Plan 9 does not have. This is very important because, well, it's important, I think, that people don't get wrong expectations. Plan 9 is similar to Unix in many ways. It was developed by the same people at the same place. But it's not the same as people expect today of Unix. All these things, we don't have them. And we don't have them because, in our opinion, we don't need them. I will explain later. Well, there is things like RootWitch and SUED, which, well, maybe at the time seemed like a really great idea, but today is a security nightmare. TTI courses, things designed for an era of hard copy terminals and things like that. IOCTL, a horrible hack to be able to fit all kinds of stuff through a single device file. Sockets, well, sockets, well, they work, but they don't fit into the Unix model of files and so on. They have a pretty weird interface, compared with the kind of interfaces in other previous Unix systems. Select and pull anybody that knows a bit about their implementation in the kernel. They are pretty messed up. And SimLinks and other, they destroy the semantics. The simple, the originally really simple file system semantics with SimLinks sort of go to hell and solve problems. Well, anyway, I could go on talking about lots of them for quite a while. Well, C++, if you like C++, fine. Maybe you have an IQ of 10 hundred or something, but I don't think I know anybody that understands C++. So it doesn't follow very much the Unix philosophy of simplicity and so on. Actually, some of these things, there are. You can have them in Plan 9, but don't expect them, because, well, maybe somebody poured the GCC because they really needed somebody at Bell Labs some years ago, poured the GCC, because they needed a C++ application to run for some scientific project or whatever. And they poured it, but, well, I have never heard of anybody else using it. And this guy that did the poured died. So, well, I don't know if there is a connection between people in Plan 9 not liking C++, but well. I never heard of anybody else using it. So, that will give you an idea. MX and VI, well, we have other kinds of text editors. They have never been very popular. X11, XML, well, I think these days Unix people likes very much MacaSex. I really cannot believe it. I mean, it's like they're in the script, start writing an XML, what were they thinking? And, well, I had put originally Boost Word, Complan, but, well, web 2.0 seems to be the fashion word this week. So, no, we don't have web 2.0 or anything like that, and we will never have, so don't worry about that. Well, if you like it, I'm sorry. So, Plan 9 is a completely new system. That's something that it's very uncommon. There are very few systems in the last 30 years that are completely new. Everything, the kernel, the compilers, the libraries, the user interface. I mean, you see people working in whatever project and they use like, oh, well, we use GCC because, well, writing an new compiler is lots of work. Yeah, but GCC is not that great either, especially if you ask some of the BSD people, they are not all that happy and, well, it's really fun when it produces broken code and then you have to figure out if it's a bug in your program or it's just that you hit the wrong optimization flags. There is a, I think there's a sport based on this, it's called GEN2 or something. Well, we really rather spend the time doing all the things. So, GEN2, the Plan 9 compilers and they are, well, we like them, they are nice. New user interface, also designed to fit together with the new technologies and new input devices and new display devices and back to have some consistency in the system, some way to all the pieces, all these different pieces to be thought to work together rather than just be smashed together and taken from there or whatever. So, it's back to, in a way, it's back to the Unix routes and many things that are in Plan 9, they are almost the same as in the original Unix and they are different with current Unixes and it's because, well, many people thought that, well, the way they are done today is not that great or it's maybe too complex. So, when you look at Plan 9, don't think of it as another Unix because then you will get disappointed. You will expect things to work in a way and you will not find that. You will not find BI, you will not find all the GCC options and you will not find a million of things that are not there but it's because they are not supposed to be there because, well, it was designed to work in a different way. It's not that, well, if other people like them, fine but Plan 9 is about solving these problems in a different way. So, what are Plan 9? Take three ideas and build a whole system on top of them. They are slightly based on the ideas of Unix. The idea of everything is a file. In Unix everything was a file except, well, some files were slightly different to special like device files or SIM links or and so on. So, now in Plan 9, all the files are exactly the same and all the files, you can make the same operations of them. No IOCTL, no backdoors into the brain of the kernel used through a file or whatever. No, it has to explicitly read, cry, open, remove, that's it. So, and actually many things are thought more as a file tree than as a single file because it makes it quite hard if you have to fit a whole device through a single file that's why you have IOCTL because just reading right in a single file doesn't give you the range of operations that you want to make in a complex device like a screen or like almost anything actually. So, that's the idea that things are a file tree and you can have different files that give you a total interface to all the workings of the interface you want to export but all the components are files and all the components work as files and all the files work the same and have the same operations. Then, we take these files and we have a file system protocol that works transparently over the network and very simple protocol to do these kinds of operations that we have defined for files and that works both locally, remotely and for all these files. This is the NNP protocol and that's what gives you the network transparency to all resources, not used to the ones that are designed to have a specific protocol and locally you access the resources over NNP, remotely you access the resources over NNP, everywhere you use NNP to access the different resources. And once you have these two things, you have a third thing that puts the whole idea together which is the privet name spaces. This is something that some people has had a bit of a problem getting their mind around which is a bit, because it works pretty different from all our systems. Priced name spaces, every process can, not necessarily they can share a name space but every process has its own view of all these resources because if you have a huge network or a set of networks, you cannot impose the same view on every user because they are not interested in seeing everything, maybe they're interested in mounting the API stack from the firewall but they are not interested on mounting the graphics from the firewall which is not a very powerful machine or something. So the privet name space not only gives it at the machine level but also at the process level.  We will see it later, but it lets you work. You can have a window with a view of network and you can have another window with another view and it's used everywhere by providing these different name spaces to different applications. Another of the main reasons is that there is lots of conventions. Applications expect to find the keyboard in its last day of cons but that can come from one place or another and sometimes you want it to come from one place, sometimes you want it to come to another but you don't want all the applications to see the same keyboard. You want it to be able to be different. It's okay, connecting with that. What resources are file systems? Well, almost everything except fork and memory allocation, everything else basically probably means something but anyway, networking, authentication, encryption, graphics, Windows system, process control, it's also done through the file system. There is a proc file system in many unixes but in plan nine is the only way to do process control.  That would use a lot of the complexity and the number of syscalls that you have to have. Ember environment is also a file system, a mail file system which passes a mailbox and gives you a hierarchical view.  So mail client gets very simplified. Then boring stuff that you can see in some other systems like a CD file system, web file system, tower file system, FTP file system. Well, CD file system is somewhat interesting because if you want to burn a CD, you just copy the file into the right directory and they get burned there. So that's somewhat different. And it's like this horrible drag and drop, whatever, but you can do it in the unix way, use CP instead of having a huge interface on top of it to do it. Okay, the nine P protocol. This is the protocol that links everything together. It's a very lightweight compared with other network protocols like NFS. Oh, I forgot to AFS, under FS, but well, I think it's pretty complicated having in mind that use for authentication includes like care bearers just into the implementation or something like that. I don't know. Anyway, it's much, much simpler than all these other file systems, network file systems. Only 13 messages, byte oriented, can run over any transport. It has been implemented over all these and a few more. TCP IL is a transport on top of IP that was developed especially for plan nine. At Bell Labs, it's used only in local networks because to reduce even lower overhead than TCP for new connections and so on. But it doesn't do the fancy stuff that TCP do. So it works great for local networks, not for over the net, but you can, that's another thing which I will show later. It doesn't really matter which of these transports you use because it's going to work the same. All the applications are not going to notice anything. So it's good to have different options. And that is used for local remote synthetic and physical files, all files. You don't need, it's like anybody that has tried to do a net boot setup in Unix. Well, it can be made to work, but it's a bit of a pain in plan nine because all these are the same local and remote. It just works. Authentication and encryption. Also, not built into the protocol, but the protocol design to handle any form of authentication. So you can use any authentication system. I will talk a little bit about that later and encryption. Also, the applications don't have to care how you are encrypting and how you are authenticating the connection. And the sign for caching and stacking. So you can stack different file system on top of another and so you can have cache of the file system. Okay, let's see what. I'm sorry, maybe I'm talking a bit too fast. Okay, dynamic spaces. There is three operations to handle dynamic spaces. Yeah, well, once you get used to proving dynamic spaces, it really feels really natural and it feels very awkward to have to, when you do a mount and you ever write something else where that everybody gets to see it and well, that's sometimes not a problem, but sometimes it is. But it's more annoying that you cannot customize your view of the system to whatever you find convenient right now and then in any way you would like. I think actually in Linux, they have implemented a form of prepaid dynamic spaces but they have a problem that if they let users change and mount the stuff, well, all these two idea stuff breaks because you could mount something in a slash ATC and then put on a different password file and then run su and it will be really happy. That's a big problem, but well, because we don't have root and su ID, we don't care. In plan nine is everything designed to be able to customize your dynamic space and actually makes things much more secure because if you cannot see it, you cannot touch it. So, and because all resources are files, if you have a prepaid dynamic space and you mount your passwords there, nobody's going to be able to see it in any way whatsoever, no matter what they do. So there is three main file system, NAMM space operations, bind. Bind takes one path and throws it in another. It's used mostly for union file systems but also it's used for a lot, but it lets you, that's mostly for customizing because it doesn't add anything to your existing NAMM space but makes visible a file in a different point from where it was before. You couldn't think of it as a sim link but it's not in the file system. The file system doesn't know anything at all about bind and it's also not permanent. It's only associated with the NAMM space. That has a set of advantages but I will not get to it now. Mount is what lets you add stuff into your NAMM space. You take a file descriptor, a file descriptor over which you talk NAMP and say where you want that file descriptor. The NAMP connection is going to open into a whole file tree, right? So you mount it somewhere and in that place in your NAMM space, all these tree will show up. Okay, then there is a feed and a name which is what it's used for authentication. That I will explain a little bit later but it's a bit more complicated but the thing is that mount, if you don't want authentication, you just pass minus one as the authentication file descriptor and you're all right but usually the application doesn't care. I will explain a bit later. And then un-mount. Here there's a big difference. They added an N so you always should remember it's not un-mount, it's un-mount. And well, that just removes something from your NAMM space that you changed before. Okay, let's see if I can demo something. If somebody can bring me a mouse that works, it will be really nice. USB mouse? Oh, I left mine up there and the planning people, they are not very friendly. So just if you get into the planning community, you have to be aware of this. We are a bit nasty. So well, you see, thank you very much. Let's see. Oh, well, thank you. Okay. Okay, thank you. By the way, I don't know how much time I have. Let's see. 20 minutes, okay, thank you. Let's see. What's wrong with this mouse? Sorry. Okay. Okay, well, the USB doesn't want to, the USB mouse doesn't want to work. I don't know why.  That's a problem with Plan 9 also. It's designed to use a mouse. That's a very big difference from Unix and many old Unix people because, yeah, you have to use a mouse. I will try to show it with the built-in mouse. It's still quite useful. Okay, this is the source code for my slides, of course, in Truff. And what was, what I was going to show? Okay. Well, here you are also seeing the blooming system, which is not a string anywhere. You can bloom it by right-clicking it in Acme. Acme is this text editor in development environment and it will do something supposedly smart with it and in which case this is a source file. It will just open it in the text editor. Here's an example of using mount. This is how you open a new window in the window system. What you do is you have an Ember Ryan variable which defines where you can find the window system running and you mount the file descriptor. Well, here it just checks for it, otherwise it does the default and so on. But, well, this is the line that matters. It mounts into a slash deb, a new instance, a new attach. Same file system is exported over 9p, can be attached many times. In the case of the window system, for example, it exports a new window. Every time you attach, it creates a new window and you can play around with it. Let me see if I can see this. Yeah, for example, if we, if I open a new terminal here and mount the slash n will automatically create end points dynamically and new, okay? It creates a new window, but it's an empty window because no process is running in it, okay? But instead of the default to create a new window, as you saw before, which is to mount it in this last deb, this time I mounted it into end foo. So here you can see the file system exported by this window here or the file system that controls this window here. So if I write into cons, it will show up there. I can also do, erst is the shell and like this and I do ls, it will display in the other place because now the input of this is connected to the shell here. Okay, you can do a bunch of cool stuff like that. But what this shows you is that when you attach, it creates a new file tree and you can put it anywhere you like and that's how you talk and manipulate this file. And I think, okay, I'll know we can delete them and we can go back here. Okay, well, sorry if this was not a very good demo, but anyway. When you mount, you have three options, which is you can mount overriding the previous mount point so what was there just goes away and disappears or you can mount before or after what it's already there. That creates union mount points which are slightly or considerably different from BSD mount points, union mounts, aside from everybody can do them. And the first, if you mount it before, then the files will show up first so if you try to open a file, it will go through the stack of mounted file system and set that mount point and pick up the first one with that name. Then there's an extra flag, which if you set in the first file system mounted there, which has this M28 mount flag, new files will get created there. That's pretty useful, for example, if you want to compile something in a directory where you don't have permissions for, you bind your slash TMP into that directory and give it a create flag and then you do MK and use builds. Oh, okay, another. To see another thing that it's used for is if I do NS, this plays my current name space in this window. And if I do NS, grab bin, you will see here that I have a bunch of stuff of different stuff bind under a slash bin. In plan nine, there is no path. Well, there is, but it's not used really. Everything, all the executables are bound into a slash bin so you can always find them there. The only thing is that they are mounted there dynamically into a union mount. The advantage, why do you do this? Because if you connect to a different server, it will change dynamic space by, instead of here it says 386, here this is the 386 binner binaries, else is the shell, this is the shell scripts, they're always there. But the 386 stuff will be replaced by whatever other architecture. So you can execute commands remotely, even if they are, even if you are connecting to a different architecture computer, because it will pick up the right binaries for that architecture. Okay, the kernel. Well, I was trying to check yesterday how many IOCTLs the Linux kernel has. I could not figure out, I don't think anybody knows. But the last number I found, which was from one dot something, was over 400. I guess there are quite a few more now. Well, it has over 300 syscalls and well, a few lines of code. And other Unix systems like Solaris or maybe I think the Detroit, Detroit's guy is coming after me, has a few more. In plan nine, we only have 37 syscalls. And for example, there is nothing related to networking, which is rather peculiar. If you have in mind it's a distributed system and that everything can work over the network. But precisely because there are no syscalls related to it, it means that everything can go over the network. And no IOCTL. And well, a little less code. Of course, the compression is not fair because drivers and so on. But we got quite a few drivers and a number of architectures is a few less, but we support quite a few architectures too. And the portion also between drivers and generic code is more or less similar. So I think it's a good compression. There has an optional real-time scheduler, microkernel or monolithic kernel. Everybody ask, oh, is plan nine a monolithic kernel? Microkernel, well, I thought the fashion for microkernels finished in the early 90s. But no, these people never dies. They never go away. They always wonder microkernels. I think they knew hard people. How long have been edited? They never give up. Well, okay, fine. They have fun. Good. Well, it's planning a microkernel. Well, I know a microkernel sellout which thinks it's a microkernel. Well, I don't know and I don't care. In plan nine, everything are file systems and file systems can be in user space. So you can have money drivers in user space, but not all because in some cases it just makes more sense to put it in the kernel because it makes things so much easier. The IPS tag, for example, has been both inside and outside the kernel and has moved as people has found it convenient. The applications don't care because it's just a file system and they are going to talk to it in the same way, no matter if it's in the kernel, outside the kernel, in the other side of the world, it's always going to talk to it through 9P. So the concept of microkernel in plan nine doesn't make that much sense. I mean, in my opinion, it's a monolithic kernel because most of the drivers are in the kernel, but well, it's because they are much easier to write in the kernel. So I don't know why people worry so much about that, but well, and so I was saying, well, you can change it later anyway if you really wanted to put it in user space. The applications don't care if it's user space. So the idea is to be pragmatic. Not, oh, everything should be outside the kernel and then we have mach, which is pretty bigger than our kernel. And I don't see the point. Okay, well, now this is the user interface. I don't know if anybody here has seen an ASR33. I haven't. Well, I think I saw one in a museum or in an exhibition, but if you look at your X term, there is still the sign to mostly work like this. Otherwise, use through an STDI, STDI and tell me why your X term has a bowed rate and how it defines the bowed rate of your X term. I'm not sure, but well, maybe somebody can explain to me later. Well, by the way, the real Windows system, it's used throws away all that, used to start from scratch with a much simpler model.  Well, actually, there is also input device with pen and so on because it's ported to the E-Pack and then they wrote some pointing device input and so on and a bunch of other stuff. But anyway, but you really want to use a three button mouse because it's really designed to take advantage of it. All text everywhere is editable. It's a graphical interface, but it's textual interface because it takes this idea of Unix that everything should be text and that you should be able to manipulate it easily. That has another advantage because everything is text and everything is UTF-8. It can work over the network. You don't have to worry about byte, endian and that kind of stuff because well, it's going to be text and UTF-8 doesn't care about byte, endianess. By the way, UTF-8 was invented by Ken Thompson for plan nine in 1992. And well, plan nine, the whole system was ported to UTF-8 everywhere in, if I remember correctly, three days by Rob Pike and Ken Thompson. And well, last time tried in Unix, it doesn't seem to work very well. I don't understand why. It's only taking them like 15 years. So the Windows system multiplexes the interface that it gets from the kernel itself. Maybe I have time to demo. I have to go a bit faster. Acme is the user interface, what Rob Pike called user interface for programmers that manage lots of Windows, do all kinds of weird stuff. If I have time, I will. You can write all kinds of applications. You interact with it through a file system interface too. There's a wiki browser with it. There's an email client and a bunch of other things. Plumbing is what I was showing before. You can plumb anything and it will, it's a set of rules which based on regular expressions and if you send it a string it will, it has a set of ports which are also files and applications that can handle that file will listen to the right port. So for example, there is a, let's say URL port and then the web browser will attach there and anything you plumb it will say, oh, this looks like a URL. I send it this way and that kind of stuff. Okay, the compilers. They are curse compilers compilers. All compiling and curse compilers is the same in plan name. You have a different binary compiler binary for each architecture. There are a few there. I think there is a few more but I cannot remember them from memory. Very few lines of code. It compiles really fast. It's quite reliable, especially compared with other compilers. And well, it's pretty small. It has a very simplified preprocessor because well, I think most people will agree that the preprocessor was one of the biggest mistakes in C which lets people do some pretty above-enabled stuff. No inline assembler, of course. The assembler, there is very little assembler in plan name, mostly for portability.  Or debug it or whatever. And it has some of the small extensions which I think I don't have time to explain here. As it is, the debugger is actually a programming language, an interpreted programming language. That helps with portability because the debugger, only a small part of the debugger has to be ported and it interacts over its last proc with the kernel. So you can debug remotely exactly the same as you debug locally. If somebody has a bug, they can just export the directory for the process that crashed or that has a problem and you can attach it remotely exactly the same as you will attach it locally. That helps a lot for embedded systems and so on. You can also take a snap. There's no core dumps. What you do is you make sort of a tar ball of the proc directory and then you can just re-instantiate it later. So that's quite handy for debugging. Okay, networking. I guess that many of you here has writing all these before. This is how you open a network connection with sockets. Pretty fun and you have to try like three different things just in case the user puts IP or a name or whatever. And of course it only works for a certain kind of addresses. So if you go to IPv6, this will not work. And well, some more used in case. Yeah, used in case the, what was the, yeah, if the name resolution doesn't work then you have to do it, but wow, it's tedious. It's clunky and it's used too many things specific to the protocol are stacked there. And well, if you want to do it, you have to prep it or you need bindings for another language and so on. Well in plan nine, we have a single library call of course, no Cisco because all networking is done over the file system. And it just takes a string which it's converted in, well the thing is that this takes a bit more to explain but it's actually very simple. And all applications do this. So when the system was ported to IPv6, no applications had to be changed at all.  Here everything, all the details about the protocol is abstracted. You get a connection and you can read and write from it. That's all you care anyway. How is this done? You have a SlashNet file system. SlashNet has, it's a union amount of various file system. The TCP-AP file system which provides TCP, UDP, the Ethernet device which provides the Slash Ether device number, the DNS solver and the CS is called the connection server. What you do is you write to a SlashNet CS, the connection string. The connection string is just an address of what machine you want to connect to. And the connection server will say, well there is a network database which replaces DNS in planning environments. But you can ignore that because if you don't use that it's not a problem. It will then try to resolve it via DNS. But it will figure out what kind of connection it is. If it's an IPv6 address it will know oh this is an IPv6 address. And then it will do all the work that needs to be done to open a connection. And it will give you a string. That string is a string you have to open. And when you open that file, you will get a file to a directory where you have a data file and you can read and write. All that is encapsulated in this dial syscall. Well it's not a syscall of course, it's just a library call. Okay what advantages does this have? Because as SlashNet it's a file system. You can just import it from your gateway and you don't need NAT. There is no other translation involved. You just are using directly the IPS stack of the gateway from your local machine. That also can be used to access the sort of BPM. I could go on with that. Okay, first of all in Bentay. This is the file storage, more traditional file storage. And this gives you automatically daily snapshots of the whole system. If you want to see how was the state of a file yesterday you use history. That we'll check in Slash and SlashDump how the file system looked like. Well the storage file system of course. Yesterday all the storage is done in a venti server. Venti server is a hash address block storage. And on top of that there is the fossil file system which uses that to build daily snapshots of the whole system. But because all the complicated data is address by the same hash it just goes away. So you can take daily snapshots with very little storage cost. And here there are two small examples of history dash D will make a diff, an interactive diff of all the versions, all the existing versions of admin users. And you can see all the changes to the user database that have been done in that system over time. Okay, security. There is no root, there is no SUID. Well you can escalate privileges if there are no main privileges. NAMI space is also provide very good isolation. I have seen lots of people that thinks true root is really safe. Well it's not. Anybody that knows a bit of security it's pretty easy to get out of true root. And in plan nine no because once you are in set a NAMI space if you don't provide and file the script or to mount other NAMI space or you can even disable the mount syscall when you call fork. And well then you will not be able to mount anything else. If you run your web server like that there will be no way they can get out of that. And then authentication and encryption. It's all handled in a file server which provides this authentication file descriptor which I mentioned before in the mount syscall. You get it from the factatum which centralized authentication and keeps track of your keys without the application being able to see it. So if it's public key authentication even if the application is compromised your keys don't get compromised. This also will make a whole presentation of its own. Concurrency. There is no pthreads. Yeah okay I have to finish. There is no pthreads. Concurrency is handling with communication sequential processes. This is all very interesting but you will have to go to usynccsp.com. There is the free online PDF book there. It's very very nice way to handle concurrency much better than pthreads and so on. Inferno it's a whole other system. You can. Okay the planning community. Well the planning community is that it's not very friendly but I think well it's not matter of being friendly. It's matter of well if you're interested I think there's a lot you will learn and if you ask intelligent questions you will get intelligent answers most of the time. Maybe you have to try again or maybe you have to look at the source code. But well the source code is pretty simple and easy to read so I think it's worth it. And well I took this I guess many of you have seen it. I used to say Unix and then it used to say computer but the guy looks a bit like Ken Thompson anyway so it applies to planning too. Conclusions. Plan nine shares some things some ideas and some philosophy with Unix but it's very very different and everything works in very different ways. So don't go to plan nine expecting to see the same as you have seen in Unix. But still I think I mean if you are never going to use plan nine because it's so different and because well maybe you really have to use same acts. I really will try ACME. Many people that like same acts have tried ACME. I used to use VI and now I love ACME. Use the mouse all the time and it works great. Just get it takes a little while to get used to it but give it a chance. And still if you just go and read the papers lots of the problems that Unix systems have tried to solve over the last 30 years planning people has looked into them. They created Unix. They have thought of what's the simplest and most clear way to solve these problems. Look at the papers. Most of the papers have a section near the end. How can these ideas be applied to Unix? Check it out. Maybe there is something that you can learn about it and that you can apply to your day to day work. And well here there are some resources that you can check out for extreme formation and so on. That's everything. Is there time for questions? I'm not sure. Let's see if it works. Well questions? There are no questions? Or I don't have time for questions? Just while the next speaker is setting up. Because you started late so you... Yeah, yeah, I'm sorry. Okay, well this and that, this and that. Did you want to get a spark with it? No, I don't. No, maybe I...


Hey guys, this is Alex. I just posted a video of me SPP-ing this lock. It's a Rob by Rack, allegedly 7-pin padlock, dimple padlock. It's trying to compete with multi-lock, I don't know exactly what model, but supposedly by one of the inventors of multi-lock or something like that. So I thought we'd bet it and take a look at it. I think the construction overall is not too bad, but I haven't poked up in the cylinder yet, so see what's in there, see what the tolerances look like, and yeah, just take a look. So, standby. There's just a little closer look at the bidding on the key. There you go. I believe that this is pin 7, so 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. That's a maximum height, so it does look like a real 7-pin lock. Here's the lock. When you open it with the key, the shackle comes out. It's a pretty big shackle. I think it's about a half inch, right on it, half inch over. Sorry guys. 12.6 millimeters-ish. The, let me get the key back out. Here we go. The mechanism is ball bearing on both sides, so not too bad. That should be the locked position, but yeah, that's the locked position.  I'll get the key out. So the way this disassembles, it's actually made, the design is actually pretty nice, I'd say, security-wise. See if I can find the right Allen head. So it has an Allen-type screw. This is really just to keep the lock from falling apart when you take the shackle out. So then this slides apart. So you might say, well, that's not very secure. Well, you can, you can see that the, when the shackle is in, it's holding both of these pieces together. So this just serves as an additional shield. So we'll set that aside. Then we have the the center bit, okay, with the lock core in it and the ball bearings. A lot of ball bearings, actually. I have to figure out what all three of those are for. And, yeah, and the actuator. And you can see by design, it's not going to be bypassable, obviously, because the, because it's directly attached to the plug. Of course, that's made out of brass, so you could argue about how secure that's going to be. So that's that. And I'm going to see if I can gut this and see what's going on, see what's going on inside. Here's just a little closer look at the cylinder. Looks like it has a pin there that probably keeps the plug from falling out. There's the keyway. Ooh, that's going to make my life a lot easier. And there's the, there's the rear and that little actuator. Okay, all right. Okay, so I gutted the lock, which was something more complicated than I had anticipated. But here we go. They could have put seven pins in here. There were enough holes in the plug. This is a detent to keep it from turning, but you can see one, two, three, four, five, six, seven. However, it was only populated with six of the seven pins. And although I speculated that there were security pins in here, there are none. These are all normal pins, which is pretty disappointing. The chambers are not counter milled. The plug, actually checked, but pretty sure. Not counter milled. And to give you an idea of the tolerances, the inner diameter of the plug is 0.5135 inches. The metric will show up down here. And the outer diameter of the, so the inner diameter of the shell, what did I do with it? Here, the inner diameter of the shell, okay, 5135. The outer diameter of the plug, 505. That's a difference of 0.0085 inches or 0.21 mil. And that's enough for quite a floppy fit. I won't put that back in, but pretty floppy in there. And that may be why it seemed like it was false setting when it was just setting. So anyhow, I did discover the purpose of the three bolt bearings. Let me see if I can get a shot of the case here. So the plug, the cylinder fits down in here like this, right? Goes down in there. So one ball bearing goes in this area there. And then the other ball bearing needs to reach out into here. You've got this area. So they put two ball bearings to accommodate the distance there. And then this little guy spins around and actually locks it. So in the previous video, I had said it was probably a pretty good value. I mean, I think the lock is pretty strong. I think with some additional pinning, it could be made to be reasonably secure. But compared to what it claims to be competing with, which is multi lock, it's, I mean, not even in the same class. I had mentioned a little difficulty in disassembling this thing. So there's this little slot here. And there's a pin, it was a pin, that goes into this slot that prevents the plug from turning more than, you know, about 90 degrees and keeps it from falling out. That pin is driven down through this hole. And in order to get it out, I had to actually drill that pin out. Now that's not a big deal because it's about the same diameter as a key pin. So I can just jam something in there or a little piece of wire to keep it from falling apart. Though I don't know if I'm going to even bother. Security wise, pretty much junk. And despite the fact that the shackle, which has disappeared, is quite heavy, quite thick. Can't find the shackle. And it has fairly deep cuts in it. The ball bearings don't extend very far into it. And so I have questions as to whether it would, it would really be all that secure against significant pulling or that type of attack. Anyhow, so that's it. The Roy Barrack is really padlock. I don't know where it's actually made. It doesn't have any other makers marks on it, unless it says something in paper that I can't read. But it does have a phone number on it. You can call 1-800-800-100, which is not a legal phone number. Maybe that's the bidding code. Here's the shackle.  They don't extend out very far. So I mean, they didn't even take full advantage of the amount of security they had here. And they could have made these a little deeper. So I think if you took this body and put a better block in it, you might have something decent. But yeah. So anyway, there we go. Roy Barrack, multi-lock, knockoff, not done very well, gutted. So anyway, thank you so much for watching. This is Alex, and as always, have fun and keep it legal. Cheers.


Hey guys, it's Nate, aka The Foot Account, and welcome back to the channel. We need to talk about more content that came out yesterday for Summer Heat and also the big SBC that is coming today. The rat, the man himself, Ryan Kent, should be getting his SBC today, the Summer Heat fan favorite. I think whatever it is, the Summer Heat voting SBC for Ryan Kent should be coming out today. I want to talk about that SBC, what it could do to the market, because this is one of the most anticipated cards in the second half of FIFA Ultimate Team, FIFA 20 Ultimate Team. So I want to talk about that SBC coming today, and I think people are going to be willing to sell some cards to do that SBC, which seems crazy. And also I believe that EA Sports is probably going to require, they're not going to make this SBC really cheap just because they know everybody's going to do it. But we'll talk about that in a bit. First thing I want to cover is the content that just came out in the last day that is the Parasitch SBC, which this makes three days in a row now, where we have got either a good value objective or a good value player SBC. This Parasitch card, Five Star Week Foot, four star skills. This is like an incredible midfielder, like a true left mid player, center mid you could play him at in-game if you needed to. This card looks fantastic. The Five Star Week Foot, you could even play him as center attack in mid if you really wanted to. But this is probably the best like all around true left mid in the Bundesliga now. This card is fantastic. Bayern and Bundesliga fans rejoicing at the side of this card. So Parasitch, I mean people knew about this one, people thought this was going to happen. There was some leaks around this card and it did end up coming out. But an 85 rated squad and a Tots slash team of the week player for this SBC. 75 chemistry is a bit much, but still 85 rated squad.  One other thing that we got today was the Future Stars Challenge, which is unfortunately for an untradable pack, which again is pushed, which has not supplied the high rated fodder or supplied any SBC fodder at all. And we have crazy, crazy prices right now on the market for a lot of the SBC fodder. I want to talk about the other big W today. Another massive objective card, Summer Heat Kessie. And this card is so easy to complete. You can do two of these through squad battles, professional and squad battles. You assist in two separate matches and you score an outside the box goal in two separate matches on squad battles, professional difficulty. You can honestly do that in rivals as well. You could just do this serial score in midfield magic. You could get this done in literally six games. If you can win all six games, a very, very, very easy SBC or excuse me, objective to do. And it's a very, very good card as well. Beast honestly, big fan of this content EA. I think maybe this is EA coming back at us as the community and giving us a very easy objective after some people complained about the Mendy being just way too much to unlock, which yes, this is a lot to unlock. You mean you have to do a lot of games, a lot of objectives, but it's the best left back in FIFA in my opinion stat wise. So this one coming out as well was just nice to see a very grindable and easy SBC for like your Syria team. Maybe you have Theo Hernandez as your left back. Boom. There's a nice green link there to Kessie. So that is a nice card that came out via objectives today as well. At the very least, it's a 94 rated card that you can use in some way shape or form later on this year in FIFA, whether you just need it for an SBC or whatever that may be. But that was the content for the day. There's still people doing the upgrades. It is still a menu, like the amount of menu grinding that you can do right now is just unparalleled with all the cards that are in packs, the upgrade packs you can do, the prime icons that you can rinse into, the other player SBCs that you can still do. They're giving us daily pack SBCs. We have the special bronze and silver upgrades and League SBC method right now is very grindable as well. I keep talking about like the Lib Sud method. If you do either of these SBCs, now technically, if you go and look at foot bin, these are inflated in price, but the Libertadores SBC, you can do this SBC right now for 90,000 coins and the price of this will actually drop a little bit if we get some tradeable supply tomorrow. So 90,000 coins to do this entire SBC, which you will get, what is this, three, six, nine packs back from, which I think five of those nine packs contain at least some a pack with gold players in them. So you have a chance to get more special cards and you also get a 90 rated Rojas at the very end, which a 90 rated card going on the market right now is 40, let's say 40, it's like 50,000 coins beside this Elkison, that was an SBC. So 50,000 coins right now on the market, actually 60,000 coins for a tradeable card on the market right now. So like if you do this method, right, you pay 90,000 coins to do the SBC, you get, all you have to do is make 30K back from those packs because you have 60K value in this Rojas card right here, basically, that you're putting in your club to do SBCs with. It's just a fantastic, fantastic grind to do either the Libertadores or the Sudamerica SBCs right now at the moment. It's literally fantastic value.  But regardless, that is just a constant menu grind that you can just keep going through, honestly. You just keep doing that over and over and over, repeating those SBCs, getting one of those 90 rated players and using them in some sort of other SBC, like you could do in Dombele, you could do, again, Parasits that came out today. That could help you grind Kent if you want a way to try to grind that SBC that is coming out today as well. Just tons of stuff to do right now on the menus. And we're supposed to play footchamps as well on the weekend, right? I haven't even started my games yet on this Friday night. I need to get them going because we got to get at least 17 wins this weekend with the squad. I'm going to try and Dombele. I think what I might do is just play and Dombele on, what is this going to be, like seven or eight, Kemp? If I just might slot him in here, maybe I'll throw in Veran for Ramos because I have Veran. So that would put everybody on Kemp, except for of course, Griezmann. So we'll see. But I do want to try out and Dombele this weekend as a Spurs fan, get some more Spurs representation. Actually, he's the only player from Spurs that would be on my squad. So I definitely need to have some Spurs representation there. But regardless, the main point of today, Saturday on FIFA Ultimate Team is the Ryan Kent SBC. Now, there's a lot of people that I've been talking about, you know, this SBC is coming out. How do I get ready for it? To be honest with you, there is so stuff like so many cards that are inflated on the market right now. This Ryan Kent SBC, I would not be surprised if it's going to cost you two squads, maybe like an 84 and 85 rated squad with team in the season cards. I know it's not a very linkable card. And if EA just went out and made this like an 84 or 85 rated squad, that would be dope. But just so many high rated fighters are so expensive right now. Honestly, I don't think I would buy any cards in preparation of this SBC. It might require an English player. I know some people have been buying up the Scottish Premier League players, Scottish Premiership. Did I go past that League already? I might have. No, Scottish Prem. And like people have been buying up all of these players. He plays for Celtic, right? Does Ryan Kent play for Celtic? I don't even know man. I don't even know. I know he's English. That's the biggest thing. Let me find out. This is embarrassing if I'm wrong. No, he plays for Rangers. Celtics fans and Rangers fans are hating me right now. I hate to see it. But Ryan Kent does play for Rangers. So people have been buying up the Rangers players. Apologize Rangers and Celtics fans. Some people have been buying up these cards. Do I think that EA requires some of these today? I really don't think they do. I don't think you'll see many of these go up just because that would be so very hard for EA to require this in some sort of an SBC. So I don't see any of that coming. I think you're just going to need some higher rated squads. And that is what you would need for the Ryan Kent SBC. But it's again going to be an SBC that so many people want to do. Are you going to see some market movements with some English cards that could possibly go up a little bit? Yes. Maybe some English icons could see a bit of a jump up in price. I don't know, maybe like a Gerard or Michael Owen maybe. Some of these other popular English icons and icon moments cards just because getting links to Ryan Kent might not be the easiest thing ever since he is English, but he's in kind of a secondary league. You might see some of the English icons go up a little bit if they haven't already, especially in like the attacking and midfield range of things. So maybe look into that if you want to try to buy those cards maybe tonight just to get ahead of the game. But you'll probably be better off buying those cards later in the weekend anyway because I think what's going to happen is again, this Ryan Kent SBC is not going to, it's not going to have the amount of pull and the amount of demand that maybe a guaranteed like Todd's SBC would like a party bag. I don't think there's going to be that much hype, but there's going to be a lot of hype. A lot of the hardcore FIFA community knows about Ryan Kent. They're going to know about this card coming today. So so I would go out and watch on the market for people panic selling some cards today. Is that a flipping opportunity? If it is, it's going to have to be a very short lived flipping opportunity because it's going to be again Saturday when the weekly sell-off is going to be starting. You're probably going to see a little bit of sell-off headed into the morning. Actually, this Hakimi card is down a little bit. I sold some today for like 207,000 coins. So some stuff I've seen on the market at least in the past, you know, four or five to six hours has started to drop a little bit. Yes, Kenny Lala. Yeah, this guy is actually down. This guy was 370 yesterday. So if we go through and maybe look at some of these squads, the pie is down a little bit. Our is down. Some of the midfielders today got hit in price because of the like this is a perfect example. There's some cards that got hit in price today because of the center mid Kessie card that came out that was so easily attainable. Obviously, you see this was 500K for this Renato Sanchez Friday morning. By the end of the day Friday, he's 416,000 coins just because of people selling this card to go get the free one from objectives. And you're going to see this happen with some of the left wings. All right. I don't think I would expect it to happen a lot with a Neymar or somebody of that caliber, but maybe somebody that's like, I don't know, maybe a 500,000 coin left wing, maybe a Quincy Promes or, you know, something like that might see it just some left wings could take a hit in price today. If they are valuable left wings that people use, maybe this Griezmann takes a small hit in price 675 at the moment. Maybe he takes a small hit just because of people replacing whatever left wing they have possibly with this Kent card, maybe even a guy like son, right? People might try to link Vardy to Kent and then like Hendo. Of course, a lot of people have Henderson, you know, Rashford could be somebody who actually come in and think of it. This could be a card that maybe drops a little bit today due to the Kent hype and it looks like it's already down. He was 350k ish this morning. He's dropped a little bit in the midday to 300. Now he's kind of back to 310. Maybe this card continues to drop a little bit. I mean, he probably dropped a little bit because of Parasich today. I would expect this card to drop more in the coming Saturday with the Kent card that will be out as an SBC. So just be careful with some of the stuff today. I feel like people are going to start the week and they sell off a little bit and then also around every day at 6pm UK. If you look at like, let's look at Rashford's graph. Like today, he was 340, 350, he went down to 300k. What happened on Thursday? He was like 309 at rewards, bounced up to 360, went back down to 330. And then so I would just say there's probably going to be some panic today at 6pm UK on Saturday. Is there going to be a rebound in a Saturday night? I would not really expect much rebound on that many cards, maybe a few English cards. But at this point of the weekend, a lot of people are towards the end of their games or even done with their games already. So we're nearing that weekendly sell-off period that I always am a little bit afraid of and I would just be careful. Just about some of that stuff this weekend. If you see some panic today, maybe you can do a quick flip or two but just be kind of careful with that. I still think stuff is going to go lower as we head out of the weekend because again, so many people are just absolutely just so deep and they've submitted so many cards. A lot of people's clubs are so dry right now at the moment because they have been submitting everything that they have in their club to do this SBC right here. And again, I've mentioned this multiple times but it is perfect timing and perfect club management manipulation. If that's a way we could put it. Like EA is really trying to get you to drain your club right now to do Prime Icon upgrades, to drain you of your coins because this is a sweet SBC and they're going to continue to put out great SBC every day, three days in a row now. We've seen in Dombolay, we've seen Parasich now and then Friday was the, excuse me, Thursday was the Prime Icon upgrade. So we went and Dombolay, Prime Icon and now Parasich and other things have come out. So it's three days of W's with the content, crazy content for footies or excuse me, for summer heat, which is basically footies this year. But again, that's taken to another level today with the first voting SBC will be Ryan Kent. I mean, I think I saw some like Twitter polls and people were voting, like they said, Hey, did you vote for Ryan Kent? How many of you voted for him versus how many of you guys did not vote for him and voted for like Jovic and Musa? And one vote that I saw was like 66% Ryan Kent. So it, there is no doubt in my mind that Ryan Kent will win this vote. There's no doubt in my mind at all. But yeah, that is kind of what I'm expecting today. Most people are probably going to do the Ryan Kent SBC and then just end up using him as a super sub and they won't actually buy players to link around him. But get ready to see that card ASAP tomorrow. I guess if I had to make a final prediction on what I think the Ryan Kent SBC is going to cost, if EA were super, super nice and they're going to continue the very good value SBCs, I would say probably like an 80 or 85 rated squad with the toss player and maybe high chem, just like the Parasich SBC that came out today, maybe they could go, I could easily see them doing a two squad kind of like endombol a maybe like 84 85 or 85 86 because they know the amount of pull that Kent card is going to have and how many people are going to want to want him in their club. So there's going to be so many people that want to do that SBC today. And again, weakening sell off is going to be starting today. You're going to see a lot of of dropping prices as the weakening does sell off and as there is panic for people that need to do coins to get coins for the Kent SBC and also if they drop a tradable pack supply SBC today as well, which I think they should this team of the year challenge will go away. The future stars challenge will still be here, but I would expect one more like pack supply SBC today as well. And that's all it's going to do is hit the market with more supply on all these special cards that are in packs, the shape shifters and stuff like that. Let me check a few of those really fast. Some of these prices that I had been watching since earlier on in the week, let me check like Lucas Mora. This guy was around 100 K ish. What is he now? Okay, he has definitely dropped a little bit. He's right around 90 K looks like Lucas Mora is somewhere around the 90 K range. I'll go with the basic chem style to find the new ones that have just been packed 89 K the Lucas Mora is right around the 90 K range. He was 100 K earlier this weekend. I would not be surprised that this guy is 80,000 coins and possibly below that range later this weekend just because of all of the if there is tradeable pack supply today and then people just finishing the weekend league. So just be careful with maybe any of those shape shifters. Neymar headliner is another very popular one. If you still got these cards, I would I would highly consider taking the coins on a lot of these ASAP because I do think they're going to drop even further out of the weekend league just because they're in packs, right? This Neymar is under 3.1 at the moment is 3.095. Is it what I saw there? 3095 for the headline of Neymar. I think at this it's very, very soon. This Neymar card will be dropping under 3 million coins just with all the new supply and and with the weekend league sell out. So just be prepared for that. You're going to start to see some of that stuff this weekend. And then of course with all the Ryan Kent SBC hype today, you're going to see if there's no tradeable pack supply today, it's honestly baffling to see some of these prices where they are at the really good like we just looked at Deli Ali, right? And Deli Ali was 15,000 coins, 14,000 coins. Talk about an 85 rated Saul. Is this guy extinct? He's extinct. Are you kidding me? I guess his gold card is not a pack. So that does not help. But that's one of the major problems right now with these gold cards that are out of packs as well. So many gold cards are out of packs that it is increasing the prices because you know, we've had the special cards that are in packs, right? So a lot of the cheapest players on the market. And this is again, it's just very, very good market manipulation by EA Sports here is they're using a lot of these special players and they're getting supplied, right? But let's say you get a Bergwein 86 rated. He's 18k. You got to link him somehow like Deli Ali is 19k for his 86 rated. But a lot of people think gold cards when they go to fill out an SBC and you know, there's a lot of these gold cards are just crazy, crazy expensive because either they're not in packs or there's just so much demand for SBCs that people are turning this in. So what I would say is if you can grind the Libertadores or suit America method, please go do that. Or if you can do upgrade SBCs if you have some coins for those, please do that because this these SBCs are starting to be very expensive. And if EA requires 86, 87, 88 rated squads for any of the upcoming SBCs, it's going to get pricey. All right, because people are running out of tots cards in their club, right? People have been submitting all the tots cards that are in their club for the past two, three days into the prime icon upgrade, they're going to run out of those cards eventually, some people are already just flat broke. And they're going to have to start paying for these SBCs out of pocket, which is just going to make the market go even lower. If EA continues to release very high cards, very good voting choices in the summer showdown SBCs, we haven't even seen one of those yet, right? We haven't even seen one of those. Maybe we'll see one for the games today on Sunday, or maybe EA is waiting until next week in the midweek to do one of those. I don't know. So yeah, today I would expect the Kent SBC hopefully pack supply and then just panic selling. Honestly, I would expect selling across the board. I don't know if I would expect like any cards to really go up that much today, maybe a slight rebound Saturday evening on some cards, and then mostly just the weekend they sell off and people getting their coins to do all the menu content throughout this next week and after they finish their weekend league. So that's kind of a market watch market talk, whatever you want to call it video on the channel today, especially at Kent SBC is a big one. If you guys enjoyed this video, smash the thumbs up on it, comment down below if you have any questions and subscribe to the channel for new. It's been Nate, The Foot Accountant. Catch you guys later. Peace out.


While a horse with a speed of light, a car of dust and a hotty, high old silver, the lone ranger. With his faithful Indian companion cuddle, a daring and resourceful mastwriter of the plains read the fight for law and order in the early western United States. Nowhere in the pages of history can one find a greater campaign of justice. We're returning with us now to those thrilling days of yesteryear. Some out of the past have been wondering who speaks of the Great War to her. The lone ranger dies again. For a month, the lone ranger and cuddle had tried in vain to capture the elusive outlaw Billy B. Hung. Fleeing from Mudok City after an attempt to free two other crooks, known as Fort Faith and Big Nose, Billy B. Hung had headed toward the fall in the war country in Wyoming territory, but soon managed to cover his trail. The sixth week of the manhunt found the masked man and Indian camped on the Wind River. At a nearby stage station, cuddle had picked up some fairly recent copies of the Mudok City Sentinel, which the lone ranger read with interest. Scanning the first page of one newspaper, he chuckled. How do I think that Uncle Hummer's plot is safe now? As much as Billy B. Hung may want to kill him. He's recovered from his bloat wounds. We'll marry our old friend, Noh Hang, in a few days. Noh Hang, take good care of him. Ooh, this is strange. What you see? In the middle of some lost in town, called a Madrid, found one link. Well, L.R. got in touch with me. He found Marshall Jim Fraser. Didn't know he was a loser. Maybe L.R. knew. I'm sure it does. What do you mean by link? Marshall Jim made clever use of the word. Well, it really is. It was implied that he'd found an initial cuff link. I take it to me that he's found a link between Billy B. Hung with some person of talent who he hadn't suspected of being a member of the gang. What do we do, Kinna Sabich? Great camp life out of the horses. We're going back to Lodox City. It will happen later when Uncle Hummer's niece, Sandy Powers, helped Noh Hang for the final fitting of her wedding dress. The bulky landlady with things. It means this is mighty pretty caught, but it don't make me look a much smaller. Noh Hang, you look stunning. Yeah, I know. It's almost knocked me out to see myself in this ear-looking dress. Now I see me see who it is. Four feet on my house, boy. It isn't, it's Uncle Hummer's. Noh Hang, is that really you? It sure is, but I see it like a covered wagon. For that perfect cover here. I know what'll become of it after we're hit. I give it to the Army for a simply tent. That night, Marshall Zing's razor was summoned to the back door of the Lodox City Jail by a knock-knock. Consciously opening a peephole, he looked out. Who is it? You see. Howdy, mister. Howdy, channel. Howdy. I thought I recognized you, but I wanted to hear your voice after once-missaking Billy be hung for you. We're glad to be with you again, Marshall. I reckon you saw my hand in the paper. Yes, we did. You came to tell us who it's possible. Billy be hung escaped us again, but I gather that you've learned something that may lead to his capture. I sure have. When I took horse-face and big nose to the territorial prison the warden told me they'd served a stretch there once before. Billy be hung was in prison at the same time. So was another fellow, Red Jack Mason, who now runs the gambling casino right here in Lodox City. I see. I've been checking up on Red Jack, and I found evidence that he's been helping Billy be hung right along. I figure that out who will come back to him for more help. That's possible. Are you watching Red Jack at his place? Well, I can while taking care of other duties. And I found out that he's been buying some mighty peculiar stuff at different stores here in another town. Well, peculiar in what way? Well, he says he's going hunting. And his purchases add up to three linen dust coats, three pairs of blue spectacles, and three Henry rifles. No one who knows the rest of it buys a Henry rifle for honey when shots and wind gestures are available. I never hand one, but I know there's 16 shot repeaters. You can be fired as fast as you move the trigger guards back and forth. And what in tarnish are they good for? Killing men at close quarters. And Red Jack is up to something. But how do the dusters and blue spectacles figure in this? Well, they can be used as disguises. I'll bet my bottom-dumber that Billy will be hung to pick up two new partners, and Red Jack is going to outskip them from murder and robbery. Well, if not that's the case. Red Jack should be kept under constant surveillance. Otherwise, it'll take tails watching his casino day or night. You'll be doing me a big favor. But where will you stay? With, uh, Lawrence permission to use his tables. Lady that night, a low-ringer, untaught to find Lawrence Hank alone in the hotel kitchen. After congratulating her on her approaching marriage, the masked man told her how she could help him and his Indian friends. Her response was infractic. Why, sure you may use the stable, and I'll provide you with bidders. Well, but there is a drawback. To me and my loggers keep their nags there. I don't want to be seen. Any talk of the presence of the masked man in town might put Red Jack on the alert. Well, if you're careful, you'll be able to keep our sight. The loggers don't go to the stable often because my houseboy looks after their horses. Thank you, maw, Hank. One of us will be closed at hand if you need help. I'm sure they'll do that. Now, I'll start to watch on Red Jack's place. Probably you better get some sleep. Wait, Connor. There's a big padlock on the stable door. Here's the key. What do we do about horses chemophobic? Put them on the stable. The loggers been seen by a number of people here and would be recognized. Well, adios, Mrs. Henry. Here we, Mrs. Paz, come find us. I owe you. As the wounded juror and taut host just got his maw, Hank's kitchen. Red Jack's mission led three roughly dressed, beautiful men into the casino cellar. One of the trio was Billy Behan. He was seen. He just got in between, Red Jack. He fell as with me and Wind River Charlie and his brother Jake. Yeah, howdy. I hid out with him himself. Yeah, this is where you'll have to hide now. Billy, I don't like this business. One of these days you'll get me mixed up in something I'll swing for. God and me, I've been out boxing the lawman right along. What about the last man and engine who were on your scale? Ha, ha! I gave them the dodge on Wind River. God, regular steel up there. Good. Now, you get the stuff you said you wanted and you let it. Just do it. Take your chosen Henry rifle. What do you figure not doing? Well, Jake here used to work on the railroad. He says that the Moodoch City Bank has around $75,000 shifted from Denver the last day of each month in order to meet the mine payrolls. The money will be on the plane and posed in here eight o'clock Friday night. It shipped in a Wells Fargo stone box. It's too tough to be tracked without using up a lot of getaway time and too heavy to be carried off without a wagon. Then how are you going to pull it, Jack? They'll have to take it out of the express company box and put it in the bank box on board. Well, as soon as they get the box they'll need to be able to hold up the bank. That's a smart play, Billy. But when do I get out of it? Quarter cut. Same as I promised you when you helped me before. Friday night, huh? It's tomorrow night. Hey, fellas, you couldn't have picked up better time for the job. Oh, yeah. It's when Mar-Hank and that little easterner of Homer Potts are going to get married. The whole town's fixing the bill. And Marshall's going to be the best man. That's right. Here he is. With all that shooting, yelling and bell ringing going on, nobody will notice it if we have to cut loose with those Henry Rivals, Jack. Just one more thing and the setup would be perfect. I'd like to have that pop cell in the bank. You just forget him. We're not for money, nothing else. Have you got some of the horses lined up for us? Yeah, but it won't be hard for you to pick all you need just before the hold up. We can't risk stealing horses off in the street. You won't have to do that. The table back at the Henry House is always full of good riding stuff. Likely there won't be anybody around on the wedding night. We're all set. You fellas, bed down. And don't show yourselves until it's time to act. Right, sir. While the offloads settle down to wait, Uncle Homer and J.C. Holcomb, the banker, conferred in the office of the Henry House. Louisville Easterner, who had gone wild and woolly only to be tamed by the mighty landlady, was asking, How many people live in this town, J.C.? Around 2,000. And I want to withdraw 2,000 family dollars. Oh, may I inquire? We're 200 times that much. Certainly, certainly, Mr. Post. Is this dream transaction? This has been a mighty wonderful year for me. And I aim to give everyone who celebrates the wedding one of this year's dollars for keeping. I see. Well, I haven't anything like that number of new dollars on hand. But I don't know why Denver and have them shipped out with the Mayan payrolls which arrive here at 8 o'clock Friday night. Excellent. I mean, swell. Yes, yes. You're a patron himself, an appointment which he could observe at the door of Red Jack's Casino. It was anywhere that Billy B. Harman, two Wings River bandits, had entered the place only a few minutes before. Releasing at his post throughout the night, he neither found nor heard anything suspicious. As they broke, he probably leaves him and he's looked back to the hotel's table for some much-needed rent. It was a day of hectic activity in the Henry House. Small Hank was everywhere, doing everything but acting like a conventional bride-to-be. Toward 7 o'clock that evening, Cindy caught up with her for a moment. Oh, my God! I didn't know... Oh, so late when they say it's going to be the biggest celebration the town ever had. Only 10 days in the store is going to close down for three hours. Oh, my God! A half hour later, with Twilight giving way to a moonless night, total entered the hotel's table. Finding a lone ranger prepared to take another turn at the watching Red Jack's place. Very much. No need for a hurricane or something. Casino closed. Looks like everything closed for wedding. There's Red Jack. Him leaves, joined crowd going to courthouse. Nobody used back door all day. Maybe Marshall Jim wronged about him. As the last man in India continued their talk, they would be harmony and the outlaw brothers from Wind River crawled out of the killer window at the casino. Each war believed just to close in the duster, to use which he hugged one of the murderous rifles that were forerunners of a modern submachine gun. Stealing along an alley, they were soon behind the Henry House. There they parted as seven days. She's got her on the table while Charlie and I watch the hotel. The coast is clear, saddle four horses and bring them out. We'll meet next one. Maybe the table's bad luck. Use your rifle barrel to pry off a half. I get going. What's going on in front of the hotel? That's the wedding party coming out. I'm sure dead. The masked fella's in the table. He may get jakes, but we'll get him. Come on. The curtain falls on the first act of our lone ranger adventure. Before the next exciting scene, please permit it to pause for just a few moments. We'll continue. Warned of the lone ranger's presence by Mawhang's flip of the tongue, Billy Bihung and Wings River Charlie cautiously advanced on the hotel's table. Meanwhile, the third outlaw gate was inside the shed saddling horses. There wouldn't be one of the hotel guests. The lone ranger and toddler concealed themselves. Then the shaft of moonlight had penetrated the small openings in the siding. Before the other man wore blue spectacles and a doctor, the last man had to tell his arm. He may be wearing one of red decks on set. Tim got saddles on four horses. Tim, please. We've got two horses. One is Mawhang's pudding foot. What do we do? We'll wait till we take the other tune for him. Red deck wore three spectacles and a doctor on set. So there must be three in the game. We want them all. You right, James. We'll wait until the backstall will have a silver count. You know, we can reach the rear stalls from their printed concealment. The lone ranger and toddler have passed through the moonlight, which poured in through the still open door. As they did so, there may be hungry wings over Charlie who had reached the stable while Jake was bringing out a second pair of horses. Saw them. Charlie threw up his Henry rifle. I'll handle this. Wearing the mask, man and Indians threw their guns. But before they could shoot the stable door, it slammed shut. The heavy padlock fell off. They locked in. One of those men was Billy B. Hung. I knew his voice. How we get out? Our test is starting for looser rotten boards while you saddle the horses.  A few minutes later, a total finish battling Silver and Scout. Billy B. Hung and his confederates rode away from the stable. There's a lot, Lord. Strange that they waited so long. Come, Silver. The horse is ready. Do you find way out? No, not yet. What's wrong, Silver? Him smell smoke. Look back there. We see fire through crack and wall. The outlaw's pile is sure against the fatty instead of the fire. That's our stable burning. Look. Sighting and catch fire. Then he's the horses. I'll try some more boards. In the meantime, the wedding party had reached the courtroom of Judge Finneas Todd. Commonly known as Rope from the severity of his sentences. All right, Hank. I've been in this here bench for nine under 20 years. I never married anyone. It's again my principle. I got a right kind heart. But seeing as how the person's gone, I hereby send you to live together till you're dead, dead, dead. Marshall, take him away. Come on, Ola. Instantly, the courthouse square became a bedlam with war books and rebel yells, mingling with a class of skinware, ringing of carbells and war of guns. No one paid any attention to it, or to the red-winged rule behind the Henry House. The bomb fires were breaking everywhere. Uncle Homer looked out of a courtroom window and shouted to his client, All right, better go to the bank for that money. In here, let's get out of the best way and tear the fire to come to the hotel. Inside the school sales table, the wound range are untaught to a tight-necked chiefs over their mouths and noses after filtering the claws and water from their canteens. As the flames came headway, the Indians found it increasingly difficult to control Calvin Silver, randomly trained on the horse's word. I assumed you'd get to loose. Better me let horses loose. Maybe then kick down tidings. Wait, I think I found something that will help. Yes, this is it. Quick, double my night and tie the ends to my saddle horn. Let me do that. What you're doing? A warp piece of tidings and the space between it and the studding that I can pass the rope through and make a hitch. You got ends tied. Fastened the rest of the rope. Yeah. Maybe Silver, he can still get out of here. There. I made a hitch around the studding. I'll be close up to you. Taking the great stallion's reins, the masked man led him back until the double's rope was taught. Who's here? Who hollied it was? The mighty horse threw his weight against the rope and lung. The people like Moose, that's the link in the southwest, have been flimsy reconstructed. Age and climate had made the hand-forged nails and spikes so brittle that they snapped. The bottom of the studding to which the variant was attached started to give way. The masked man shouted the cuddle.      Sylv偶 continue to strain the Indian uses rifle barrels to loosen additional pieces of fighting and studding. The dry pine lumber bloated little before it splintered and broke. The joists that have been supported by the UI4 fell, bringing down enough of the upright tying board to create an opening as large as the door. And hot-air in the stable sport out of the hole, it stuck milhões from the burning wall on the other side. Silver's maine were thin, then the loney-ranger cut the rope and leaked into a saddle. I used petticoats a seam the cattler had already mounted. He killed his great stallion and called, Follow me! Long be at rest! The following post behind the last man urged to reach the hole in the tiding and headed for Main Street, no longer concerned over keeping his presence a secret. Halfway to the courthouse, they encountered a long parade of noisy merry-makers who were bound for the Henry House with Marshall's gym in the lead. The lone ranger and puddle pulled up, signaling for the marching to halt the procession. Hey, up there! Hey, what? What's wrong, mister? Billy B. Hunter is back. The hotel's table is burning.  You and horse and guns meet me here! We'll patrol the streets and raid Red Jack too! Uncle Homer may be in danger. Where is he, Marshall? He and Ma went to the bank. Why is it open tonight? This is the night when the mind-pair roads come in. To the bank, Tuttle! Meanwhile, Ma Hank and Uncle Homer had reached the bank in time to watch the Wells Fargo Express agents deliver the money jets. Using a key which he kept in the bank, J. C. Holcomb opened one of the locks while the agents opened a second lock on the reinforced box with a key which they retained for purposes of security, obtaining a receipt, the expressmen left. Banker Holcomb listed the lid of the strongbox. Yeah. There's the silver money you wanted, Mr. Potts. You just let me take those bags, Homer. They're mighty heavy and, well, you're not all over your wounds. Oh, now look here, boy! Open your hands, all of you!   There's just no warning! Opening fire with his murderous Henry repeater, J. C. raised the wall above Banker Holcomb's head. The banker was shouting, Don't shoot him! Take the money! I'll be high if we don't!  Well, if it is, you pop! This makes it perfect. Take what's at the door. Charlie, grab the money. I've got something else to attend to. This box is just full of green bags. As Wind River Charlie puts a gunny sack from under his duster, Billy B. Hong advanced on Oklahoma, his rifle level. You're hard to kill, you runt. But I'd like to see you live with a 16 slugs I'm going to pump into your carcass bag. Oh, no, you don't!   If you shoot her, it's a mess. My hand will see that you pay. He won't see anything again. Him and the agent burned in the hotel stable. Now take it! As Billy B. Hong's finger tightened on his rifle tricker, Jake yells from the front door. The engine's out front. You dropped guns. Let's get out of the back way. Grab that money, Charlie. Yeah. That's your rifle. What? The masked man covered it from the back door. Whirling, Billy B. Hong tried to bring his heavy rifle to bear on the armed man behind him. With a sweep of one mighty arm, Maw Hank got the repeater from the outlaw's grasp. Before he could recover from her attack, Uncle Homer snatched up the fallen rifle and both Tata and the Moon Ranger were well inside the bank. Jake was shopping. Oh, excuse me. I've got my rifle. Here, Charlie.  Sure, sure. How'd you come to get out of that safe? Never mind that. Stand still. I'll pick up those other two livers before they try on the streets. They may be carrying revolvers under their dusters. Search them, Tata. As Maw Hank moved to pick up the repeaters with Jake and Wind River Charlie had left fall, she placed herself between Billy B. Hong and both the Moon Ranger and Tata. The masked man saw the danger and called the warning. Back to his part. The newly married landlady threatened, but before she could take a step, Billy B. Hong was behind her, discussing a stick shooter from under his dust coat. He shoved a muzzle against her back. We're going out of here, masked man. If you want this woman to live, don't try to stop her. Hold your flyer, Cuddle. Uncle Homer, who had been lucid in his tracks by surprise, saw himself behind the outlaws as they started to move toward the door.  Reminded that he still held Billy B. Hong's rifle, Uncle Homer brought it to his shoulder and aimed at Jake. Stop, you poor cats! Don't touch those rifles! Tell them, Homer, don't you mind me? The little man pulled the trigger, but the cart which missed fire, unfamiliar with the repeating mechanism of a Henry rifle, Uncle Homer fumbled with the trigger. Jake was yelling, Shoot him, Billy! The outlaw leader snapped a shot at the bides' room of a half hour. The bullet cut a flower from Uncle Homer's lapel, then there was another shot. Stop! Billy B. Hong spun, dropping his revolver. The rifle went off! I shot him! With maw hank out of danger, the wounded Ranger and Tata closed with the Wind River outlaws, but not managed to retrieve their rifles. The fight was furious but brief. Tata was abused Jake with an Indian wrestling hold, while the masked man who were knocked out punched to the jaw of Wind River Charlie. Charlie reeled back into the arms of maw hank, uniquely deposited him in the money chest and butted her hand. Mr. Hugh and your friend and Homer got the hold of an outfit this time. Say, did you see how Homer grills Billy B. Hong? Yes, I saw him. I reckon I don't have to explain. No, Uncle Homer. You're a very fortunate man in many ways. Billy B. Hong not dead. Bullet-only gray skull. We've got to rush, Jack. What happened here? Mr. and Mrs. Potts and the banker can explain. Here's a prisoner for you. How do I have another? Him, yours, Marshall. Oh, Marshall. Damn this. That didn't happen, Marshall.  Homer and I have had a wonderful time right here. You know that you're stable-burned. We've puttin' foot in it. No, Mrs. Potts. The Oslo is still puttin' foot before trying to burn Tata and me. You'll find him outside with the other horses they chose. Well, then it don't matter. Billy B. Hong is coming, too. I'll get you for sleeping me. I'll get that masked man, too. You'll sure have to wait a long time. Even if you haven't murdered anyone, you'll get a life sentence from Judge Finneas Potts. Mrs. Potts, I hope that you and Uncle Homer enjoy many happy years together. Why? Thank you, mister. Say, who are you in here? Yes. I don't know. I need it elsewhere. I don't know where to find him. Uncle Homer, did you actually shoot Billy B? Yes, but it was an accident. The cartridge and the barrel of that Henry rifle wouldn't explode. The second time I tried it, I got so excited I pulled on the trigger guard before I pulled on the trigger. And I'll be there with a bit different shooting. Uncle Homer, you reloaded the rifle when you pulled on the trigger guard. That's how a Henry repeater works. Well, don't you ever tell Ma I didn't know that. He thinks I'm a hero like the Mask Man. This is Potts, sir. I met the Mask Man once at your hotel if you didn't tell me anything about him. Who is he anyhow? Every banker ought to know who protects him from the worst cooks in the west. Oh, I'll tell you. He is the long ranger. I'll tell you. This is a feature of The Lone Ranger Incorporated created by George W. Kendall, produced by Kendall Campbell Enterprises, directed by Charles D. Livingston and edited by Fran Stryker. The part of The Lone Ranger


Now Niger army officers have arrested a family of eight in Orinja or Lona for running an illegal AMS, an ammunition factory. The family confess to running the factory as a family business, manufacturing and repairing AMS, drones and explosives. Regular General Ugochukovita's commander of the 63 Brigade Asaba stated that they fabricate AK-47 magazines and rent guns to criminals. Both for the insurgents and for Androberts in Delta State. So these people here are major contributors to the insecurity, not just in Delta State, but even across Eastern Nigeria and neighboring states. The warning to such people is that we will get to you. Anybody that is involved in act of insurgency or criminality, that is against the peace and stability of Nigeria, we will get to you. No matter how you run, no matter how you camouflage your activities, we will unravel it, we will get to you. Now even their home is led in a way of equipment and materials for the production of AMS. The parents said that one of the sons has a passion of producing drones and repairing guns. My children, the repair gun, yes, because these drones, they're still working on it. Because when he was small, he has this passion for playing. He even built one, I think this thing is there. He built one that they use for school. If I'm in there, my boy is even there, my paternal is there. So I want to collect it. So my son called me, but I should go and rest, not to have my stress. I don't like it to be. It's illegal, man. No, man, I didn't recruit them. They just really come sometimes to just help me out, help me out in holding something. I'm the only person that does it. Do you even whip on out? Yes, when I basically recruit them, I don't charge people. They just give me whatever is in their mind. When I basically, I don't charge them.