Really not the best time to release a skin like this. Just saying.  Uh, I'm not lying. I'm not joking. So releasing a skin like this, kind of weird.  But like, with what's going on right now, I don't think that this was the best idea. We're here to talk about the new skin in FNAF Hero. So let's take a look at it properly, since this is just a PNG behind me. Hey guys, check that out. Hey, look, it's stuck at 90%. Hey guys, look at that, it's stuck at 90% again. Oh, I see a firework up top. No introduction to the skin. For some reason these just don't show up for me anymore. Firework Freddy. Okay, so at least it doesn't directly say 4th of July, Freddy. Um, okay, here's a baby, I guess. Wait. Never mind, there was something behind baby. Let's have a look. How much is this, 10 bucks? Ooh, wait, does he actually have a firework with him? Oh, that would be so cool. I guess he does. That's cool. 10 bucks though. Yeah, I don't, I actually don't have any money on me. Huh, I wonder what he's gonna be like. Place your bets on the comments.  Because that's exactly what I'm thinking. When is he not? Do I have, I don't have a Freddy on. Where is, where's Freddy? Do I? Oh, I do, show me, right here. Okay, so, Jesus, that's all 3rd Freddy skin. Are you kidding me? That is insane. Okay, yeah, so I guess he does have a firework. Maybe for like his microphone, they would place it with a firework. That's cool. All right, well, let's send him over then. Where is, here it is, Firework Freddy. Yep, use it. Nice, I still, I only got one Toxic Springtrap lower, lower from the last event. I don't know why that number was so low, because usually you get like two or three at least. I just got, I just got another one. I don't really use lures anymore. Like you can see, I'm starting to stack up. I got 4 Freddy's, 6 Bonnie's, 5 Bloom Boys, 9 Chica's, 5 Foxies, 2 Babies, 2 Torchica, 1 Toxic Springtrap, 4 Redirected Foxies, 4 System Air Toy Bonnie, 1 Ape It Baby, 6 VR Toy Freddy, 3 For Easter Bonnie, 2 For Chocolate Bonnie, and then 4 For High Score Chica. Hoishko Chica. I got 4 for her. Yeah, so I don't, I just usually collect lures after the video I do on a dedicated character. So yeah, I've just been saving them up. Maybe we can do a video where we just fight everyone. Again, that'd be really cool, actually. I also got the, uh, fricken, what's it called? What's his name? Redirected Foxy. I got his icon, and it looks pretty cool. I, again, two hooks. Pretty nice. Everything else. All right, ooh, here's Mangle. Okay, but you are not the character I'm looking for. I need to be looking for, uh, Firework Freddy. Then again, it also, it does have the American colors and flag on it, so they basically could have just said 4th of July Freddy, 4th of Freddy. Which is weird that they're doing it now, as opposed to next week, which is the second, which is even closer to the fourth, so don't know why they're doing it now. Also, like, he looks cool. You know, he's got the glasses, he's got the Uncle Sam top hat, but like, and I saw this on one of the, uh, subreddit posts, but people are starting to get boned out. Wait, was that him? There he is. Yeah, he's got those little glasses on, his sunglasses. He looks cool. I mean, to be fair, it's just regular Freddy, but they put different clothes on him, so he looks as good as different clothes Freddy could get.  You know, like they've been putting out skins for weeks and weeks and weeks now, probably getting close to maybe two months. They've been putting a skin out every week, and you know, like guys, take a break. You know, it's just, I get it. You want to make content, but you don't have to keep pumping out new skins. Like, we are getting a lot of new skins and people are just kind of starting to get done with it. They just kind of want at least a bit of a break. You guys know what I mean? Hopefully. And like, I'm, that's kind of the reason why video is on FNAF for me or kind of just, all right, you know, we do one fight, see the new character, and then we hop off. You know, we have a bit of chatting in between, but like, I'm glad I stopped buying lows because it's just, we are getting so many new skins and if I were to buy new lows for every single one, like I feel bad for the boys who are out here buying, you know, like the skins packs every single time. Like that is hundreds of dollars just being thrown out in weeks and like months, you know? So it's kind of insane the lengths that some people go to. So I know, I don't, you guys don't get much FNAF at all content for me anymore. Like actual fights, you just get one and my opinion on the character, but it's just like, like that's a lot of money, you know, guys, like I, you know, close to Dreadbear Easter eggs did pretty good, but it didn't do that good, you know? Anyways, yeah. But I do enjoy still hopping on, you know, seeing the new character playing the game. I just wish there was a bit more and I feel like Illumix should take a step back, take a bit of a break from skins and just really focus on the game at least, you know? Like there's still so much I want done with the game, but hopefully that new occlusion feature for the game will be coming out pretty soon and hopefully that'll really, you know, make the game good again because, hello, screen recorder, because, you know, it's just kind of been the same thing over and over again, especially with these new skins. It's just, you know, it's the same character, just slightly different. And yeah, the skins do look great. It's just, God, we've gotten every single character on this entire map except for the one character I want. Yeah, I just, I feel like Illumix should take a little bit of a break from skins because I feel like people are starting to get a little bit burnt out, you know, kind of done with it, but that's just my opinion and that's what I've seen on the Reddit so far. Your special delivery is almost there. Yep, it is right there. Wait outside my door, exit of Mangle. You are not the special delivery I want. I'm here to celebrate, you know, glory greatest country. Just kidding. That would be our starts guy. All right, anyways, here he is. God, these headphones suck. Soft and special. I guess they're not even headphones. That's not a headphone. Yeah, what do you, what do you have planned, Freddie? Some fireworks that explode into bald eagles. Okay, so please just be normal, Freddie. Don't pull any fast tricks on me. I guess that's a good part about the skins is that I know what to expect, especially with Freddie because, ooh, I just saw, I just saw Freddie's tip of his firework. I'm gonna be making jokes, guys. Hello, where were you? God.  I want a good look at him. Damn. He's over here. Oh, are you buddy? Oh, are you buddy? Oh, I haven't said hi yet. Hey, hey, we do that every, every video. He's right over here. How fast are you, by the way? How fast are you gonna charge? Oh, still moving. Still moving around. Actually, he stopped now. He's right here. Oh, he's got those beautiful blue eyes, Freddie. Beautiful blue eyes, man. He's right here, right on the green screen. Don't be shy, bro. Come out. Oh, ooh, there he was. Hey. Still nothing, he went out this way. Nope, he's right here. Okay, okay, Freddie. You keep bouncing around. One more round we go. Where are we going? He doesn't know.  Damn it, Illumix. Oh, you should have had him blown up. That would have been awesome. That would have traumatized the kids, but it would have been awesome. Yeah, so that was firework, Freddie. Pretty all right, skin. Again, kind of questionable at this time. Hello, bug. Kind of questionable at this time in the country, but I guess I get it. Kind of a weird time to celebrate this, but again, I get it. It's also weird to just celebrate the American FNAF fans. Again, I get it, Illumix based in the US, but it is kind of weird because as Baby pointed out on Twitter, there was no Canada Day skin. What's up with that? Freddie, wearing a hat with a maple leaf? That would have been cool. You could create a moose and matronic. That would have been great. Yeah, that's all right. Again, it's another Freddie skin, which we've had a lot by now. So, including like Frostbear, which technically is a different character, but basically is a Freddie skin. I think that's our fourth, right? Our third, if you wanna count Freddie, that's four, but yeah, we have had, actually, wait, it does count Freddie, right? Yeah, it does. So that's four Freddie skins. You got the OG, Chammy, Frostbear, and Firework Freddie now. So, quite a bit of Freddie's. Still no Balloon Boy, still no Chica, still no Baby. So I guess we can expect some skins for those characters coming up very soon. But then again, I do hope they take a break because people are apparently getting pretty burnt out with skins and, you know, I can see where they're coming from and I kind of feel the same way. So hopefully they take that advice. So yeah, that's gonna be it for me today. Thanks for watching. I'll see you all on the flip side. Goodbye.


What's up everyone today's Monday today's YouTube live day So if you guys don't already know I make these YouTube videos every single Monday Monday used to be my worst performing day in the stock market, and I made these videos to help stay accountable So basically I make these videos every Monday at 11 a.m I trade between 9 30 and 10 30 and then from 10 30 to 11 I relax drink some tea or whatever and then at 11 a.m I come on here to try to educate you guys and try to give you guys the raw Perspective and the raw mentality of a trader who has just executed made or lost money, and I'm gonna recap that here So before we get started on today's topic, which is Elon Musk and Tesla before we get started on today's trades Which is what was it ppsi and a utl? I want to talk about one thing specifically So we have a lot of new people watching the YouTube videos a lot of new people trying to get into trading And what me and bow did is we created a free mentorship course guys So at my investing club dot co co not calm and I'm gonna put in the description we put out a One hour long webinar course that's gonna teach you the A and Z of day trading This course is gonna teach you you know how to find the right stocks of trade What strategy to use and how to repeat this strategy?  Okay, if you are already an MIC member, you do not need to watch this You have all this content already you have seen all this stuff This is for brand new traders traders that don't know if trading is the right thing for you Maybe you're somewhere else and you want to see what MIC is all about or hey if you just want an hour of free education Then that's where it is. So the link is my investing club that's co There's only a limited amount of people that we allow every single week to watch the webinar Mondays are usually the days that it is the most open So register for the webinar my investing club CEO watch the one hour of education Watch my two live trades and hey if you don't get any value is free anyway, right? So that's that so let's talk about today's topic guys Which is Elon Musk and Tesla? So if you guys have seen today actually so that you guys could reference the date today's November 11th 2021 so over the weekend today's Monday over the weekend on Saturday or Sunday Elon Musk the richest guy in the world aka the biggest troll in the world Ask the world if he should sell $20 billion worth of Tesla stock right and obviously this is something Political, you know, I don't really want to get into the politics of it all but the real question is why is Elon Musk? Saying or asking that he wants to sell the stock. I mean, there's a couple things to make note of number one is on Friday Three days ago his brother Sold one hundred million dollars worth of stock. So on Friday the day before Elon tweeted this his brother sold a hundred million dollars worth of stock Now I have a couple theories about why Elon did this He's not a dumb guy. This guy is a multi multi billionaire. He's got 300 more billions than me So he knows what he's doing right and in my opinion I think he's doing the same thing that he did with Tesla and Bitcoin So when Bitcoin was around 60 65k Elon said, you know what? Tesla is not accepting Bitcoin anymore and the stock price crater I think the reason why he did this is kind of his way of locking in some Bitcoin profits and locking in some money If you guys notice over the past month Tesla has gone up 50 60% guys So this is a mega cab company that has gone up 60 something percent in a month It is worth just a little bit less than Amazon. So wrap that in your head So I wouldn't be surprised if Elon wants to sell some stock To lock in some profits to pay some tax and then when the price kind of comes back down to normal He's gonna announce a stock buyback a stock repurchase a stock something But in my mind in my mind guys My thought process is if he just sold Without anyone mentioning it or if he just sold without any news of it I think it would have panicked the market It would have panicked the stock and the stock would have been down 10 or 20 percent But because he made a Twitter poll and he's like, oh, you guys wanted me to sell it I'm gonna sell it now all of a sudden the stock is only down 2% and he's playing a game of 3d chess That is my opinion guys, right? This is not corroborated. This is not investment advice This is nothing more than just a theory that I have I think that he wants to sell and He's using the Twitter poll to be able to Misdirect people and then when the price comes back down He's just gonna say I'm gonna do a buyback program every single big company in the market is doing buyback repurchase programs Facebook is doing a 50 billion dollar repurchase Microsoft is doing a 90 billion dollar repurchase bed bath and beyond is doing a 1 billion dollar repurchase program So I think Elon is trying to not panic the market I think he's trying to sell to lock in some profits and then when the price comes back down to reality rather be 800-900 he's gonna say you know what guys I'm gonna do a stock buyback program and Elon is not dumb He knows what he's doing.  It is only down 2% Had a filing come out that said Elon sold 20 billion Oh my god, he might have crashed the entire market, right?  I'm selling the stock, but if you say oh you guys on Twitter Want me to sell the stock, okay? I'm gonna prep you guys. Sure. This is it. Here it is, right? So it's no coincidence guys that his brother sold a hundred million dollars worth of stock the day before It is no coincidence that this is happening when Tesla stock is at all-time highs and up 50% in a month It is not a coincidence guys.  So that's my thought process So that's that so do you guys have any questions on that specifically before I move forward? Okay, so if we don't have any questions on that I want to move on to something else so When we first started at my C Me and Tosh created something called the trader clinic The trader clinic is an advanced webinar for annual and lifetime people In MIC we welcome beginner traders. We educate beginner traders Our lifeblood is beginner traders because when I first started no one really helped me out So we created MIC as a way to help the little guy out But as our new traders improve as they continue to make money They want to kind of get to the next level. So our trader clinic webinars guys are more advanced topics I try to do these once a month once every other month But you know, I've been very busy making videos on Monday I come on the Wednesday webinar and I run the entire MIC back end So I haven't really had time to kind of do these trader clinic advanced webinars So I want to make the announcement now that this Thursday This Thursday November 11th at Market close 4 p.m. Market time is what I'm gonna do the trader clinic webinar now Why am I doing it Thursday? Why am I doing it a market close? So my grandparents who I have not seen in over a year because of COVID Called me up and said what the hell is wrong with you do not love us Do not want to see us. They're like come over. Let's do a barbecue and in New Jersey. It's raining every single day guys So the only day that's not raining is Thursday So Thursday is pretty much the only day that's not raining and it's pretty much the only day that I'm available So Thursday at 4 p.m. Market time. We're gonna do the trader clinic webinar for annual and lifetime members There will be a recording 24 hours later So if you cannot attend Thursday at market close, it'll be posted by Friday when you wake up And the reason why I don't want to do it Friday's because most people aren't around on Fridays Friday Everyone takes a day off so it doesn't really make sense So Thursday at 4 p.m. Market time for annual and lifetime members only We're gonna do an advanced trader clinic webinar. We have so many trades to recap like DATS first red day OCGN first red day. We have so much stuff to talk about guys and If you are not an annual member or if you're not a lifetime member just DM Tosh in Slack Maybe text him at two one three four five eight five nine nine seven and I'll tell him to give you guys You know a 30% discount off the normal price on the website. So again guys, this is for advanced topics We cater to a lot of brand new traders So I don't want to do any more beginner trader videos because we have 1,000 of them But we only have a handful of advanced videos and when these advanced videos come out you better pay attention. So Thursday 4 p.m. Market close Trader clinic webinar and then I'm gonna go see my grandparents for a barbecue.  We talked about Elon We talked about trader clinic. Now. Let's talk about the trades today. We have two hot chick setups PPSI and AUTO So what I noticed on PPSI guys keep this keep this in your mind is pre-market PPSI traded 20 something million shares and whenever a stock whatever a stock is Moving pre-market with 20 million shares that automatically shoots a red flag Something goes off that says this is gonna be a hot chick Volume in the stock market is the equivalent of the man in the stock market If there is more volume, there is more demand if there is less volume There is less demand the more demand there is the higher the price goes the less demand There is lower the price goes so on a stock like PPSI when you're seeing 20 million shares transact pre-market That should something something should go off in your head that says this is the hot stock.  So In November, I try to be extra careful. I don't want to oversize.  So in November on PPSI and they won't play.  I want to avoid it and I want to tell myself, you know what? Tomorrow when it's dead, I will attack Right now PPSI is still up 88% on the day guys 88% it is still up. So even if it tanks another 10% there's still so much room tomorrow guys So PPSI I avoided it.  So PPSI I avoided the next stop on day was AUTL AUTL was a side stock. It didn't really have much volume. It was a stock that people were really interested in So as PPSI is climbing up climbing up climbing up AUTL is a little bit weaker and that's where I focus my money guys That's where I focus my money. So as a short seller, which is what I'm primarily doing You want to look for side plays you want to look for broken plays? You want to look for plays and not everyone is talking about every single person on Twitter and Instagram and everyone was talking about PPSI today, so if the stock is dangerous for shorts day one It is an optimal long for day one if a stock is ideal for shorts on day two It is not an optimal long for day two If you want to go long stocks in this market go long pre-market on day one or day one VWAP Reclaim setups if you want to go short in this market go short in day two Forgotten stocks or the stocks that people aren't talking about if you are in a chat room If you are in a community if you are on fucking pornhub if they are talking about the same thing if every single person Is talking about the same stock You better be focused on the other stock Does that make sense guys? So our setups for me guys on day ones sure PPSI tanked sure it is going down But it is still up 80% guys.   They're on to the next shiny object Tomorrow if there's a new hot stock people are gonna forget about what the hell's moving today guys. So keep that in mind, okay? Does that make sense? So again guys, these are some of the topics that we talk about in our free webinar again my investment club.co I mean if you guys are getting value from these three videos. I mean, it's almost a no-brainer So what I'm gonna do now guys I want to open it up into a brief audience Q&A So let's at let's answer some of your most common questions, which I'm sure other traders have as well. All right, let's get through guys Sorry, now. I'm just trying to read the questions on the live chat coming in Our low hanging fruits your favorite setups my favorite setup is the first red day because based on my statistics That's where I make the most amount of money. My easiest setups are the low hanging fruit the day two setups What makes you not want to fade stocks anymore in my opinion guys all day faders are a losing strategy because they are not Predictable you cannot predict the dilution. You cannot predict the pumpers. You cannot predict anything So if you're going for all day faders, you are in a losing strategy I take my money and I walk away before 1030 that's been a winning strategy and snow surprise I'm up over three million dollars this year doing that when I first started trading that I have a rule book when I first Started trading. I didn't even know what a rule book was It was through trial and error and through losing that I came up with the rules max size rule max loss rule Walking away at 1030 rule stuff like that guys So when you join my seat the biggest problem guys people don't have a strategy and they don't know How to keep the money? It's very easy to make money in the market guys It's very tough to keep it in your pocket So you guys join MIC so that you could learn the strategies So you don't have to test down and try to figure out what strategy works We've already proven what strategy works and we teach you risk management Which means we teach you how to keep that money in your account Right because the worst thing you could do is make money nine days in a row and then on the 10th day You lose it all plus more it's happened to me it's happened about it's happened to 100% of traders and We have created a system. We have created guard rails We have created seat belts to make sure that you don't lose that money guys if my short order hits Should I immediately have a profit target to lock in 10 or 20 cents lock in 10 20 cents on half the shares? Set a stop at break even on the other shares and all of a sudden you're no longer losing money What type of criteria do you look for a first red day setup? I have a lot of videos on this guys Just go to the my investing club video library my investing club comm slash videos type in first red day You'll get every video on first red day that I have When someone signs up with MIC do you go live with your trades any morning? Anyone that goes live on a screen share or a microphone is pumping their positions to you guys they get in early They alert it to you and you are left losing While that guy wins so we do not pump. We do not alert. We do not secretly accumulate. We do not scam you But I post my watch just one hour ahead of time and that watches is what I used to execute So that's even better than alerts Alex if you spot a possible short squeeze even though you've been a short cell Do you have any ways to get long for me? That's something I'm trying to improve on guys That's one of my Achilles heels is I don't really go long too often because I'm very bad at it But it is something that I'm trying to work on so once I start to evolve and once I get better I will try to share that I Watch you open on a utl and saw the rejection of 735 is that something you would jump in on my plan on a utl was 750 and $8 rejection when it pushed up to 730 and failed I just waited for that bounce to short. So even though I missed the initial push. I got the failed bounce With locate fees so high how do you decide if you want to take a locate? I have a very simple rule I have to make at least over two times the locate fee Or I have to think to make over the two times a locate fee to take it So for example, if the locate fee is five cents I need to be able to make over 10 cents a share on that stock to locate it What is your second best setup after first red day the low hanging fruit because it is the most predictable And it is the easiest one to repeat So I think I want to wrap it up there guys. I like to keep these videos short and sweet a lot of people They don't watch after 20 minutes. So what I did last video guys, which is really really good is I Had you guys leave a like on the video and I had you guys leave a comment on the video and one person that I pick Wins a free piece of M.I.C clothing So if these videos are making sense to you if these videos are value add to you leave a like on the video Comment on the video with one lesson you learned and I'm going to pick someone to win some free M.I.C. close. So keep in mind Thursday Trader clinic at 4 p.m. Annual and lifetime members DM Tosh text Tosh his number is in the description for a discount watch the free webinar at my investing club dot co and Today was another stress-free day. I'm very blessed. I'm very lucky. I'm very happy. It is a Monumental three million dollar a year for me for trading only one hour a day So I try to set the example for you guys. I try to show you that you don't have to be here every single day I have tried to show you guys that if you walk away, you make more money and that M.I.C We lead by example. So if I could walk away and I could make money You guys could walk away and you can make money as well. So thank you guys for watching leave a like


I'm Arlene Adams. I own Wagmans Dogs Holiday Retreat, and I am a professional groomer. Every day is different, and it's just dealing with customers' expectations, the different dogs that we come in, the different conditions that the dogs are in. Our main goal is just sending home happy, clean, healthy dog. Each dog is different depending on the breed. You will have to have a look at the dog's skin, and you'll also have to look at the dog's condition of the coach. That's the first step you need to do. You have to also have a look at the history of the dog. Once you've cleared those basic things out, then you choose the different products that you're going to use. Sometimes you're brushing them beforehand, sometimes you're brushing them in the bath. Basically you get the dogs clean, and then we then groom them. So trimming nails, trimming the hair underneath your pads, cleaning ears out, any eyes that need to be wiped or dirt that builds up around the dog's eyes, any knots that need to be removed, and then the final task is actually making them look nice and pretty with scissors and clippers. Dogs behaviour is really important. You need to pick up when the dog is stressed, you need to pick up when the dog is happy, if you're a bit nervous, and you need to be able to then cope with those different behaviours that the dogs are showing you. Love dogs. Love working with happy dogs and sending them home looking gorgeous. You're always learning. I'm learning something every day.


I think some of us think that God is the Wizard of Oz where the Tin Man and the Scarecrow and the Lion went to ask for courage and for a heart and for brains. Not knowing that to find the courage and the heart and the brains they did not need a wizard they needed a witch because the witch brought out the courage in them and the witch brought out the brains in the Scarecrow and the witch brought out the courage in the lion.


So I have the pleasure of introducing to you Don Boudreau. Don Boudreau, as everybody knows, is the very active boss of the foundation of economic education. He has done a lot of good things at the helm of these institutions. In particular, the publishing of this booklet on Bastia. No, the translation of one other masterpiece of Bastia that I spoke about this morning. The only mistake perhaps that he has done is to change the free men into ideas for liberty. But perhaps he will explain why to us. Anyway, you probably also all know that Don is going to become the department head of one of the most prestigious university in the United States, prestigious as far as classical liberal thinking is concerned. Don? Thank you, Jacques. It's a genuine honor to be here. And I want to thank Diana Dupuis publicly for translating and making available Bastia's profession of faith to the electors of Saint-Severre. It's a marvelous document. It's the first time it's seen the light of day in English and it's only appropriate that FI be the publisher. And those of you who don't walk away from here with a copy, I will be sure to send you a copy if you want one free of charge. It's an excellent translation. And if I do say so myself, I think that we as FI did a nice job in printing it. So thank you, Jacques. It's an honor to be here speaking at an ISEFAL conference. It's my first time to attend such a conference. And it is an honor to be among such a wonderful audience, to be before such a wonderful audience and to be among such terrific speakers. Jacques made one mistake, however. He said that you would get a rest by listening to someone who speaks reasonably good English. Well, it's not me. Unfortunately, I speak even worse French as I speak no other language other than my modest attempt to speak my native language, which is my grandfather's native language was French, but he didn't pass that along to his successors in life. I will, it wasn't planned, but I will say a word about why I did change the title of the magazine from The Freeman to Ideas on Liberty. And I'll say a word about it because it actually, I can tie it in, I think, to my theme. Because my theme, the title of my talk is resisting the power of big government or something similar to that. And my theme is the power of ideas. Ideas are powerful, and I'm going to make that case in just a moment. But just as good ideas can be powerful, so too can bad or pernicious or mistaken ideas be powerful. And one thing we found in the United States, I don't think it made its way here, but it was certainly true in the U.S. and I learned this from a great deal of personal experience, with first hand and second hand hearing it through friends of the foundation, was that the name The Freeman, since 1995, had become tainted. It had become associated in the popular mind with radical, in the worst sense of the term, violent, racist, bigoted, narrow-minded, anti-liberal militia groups, some of whom had set up, most of whom had set up their points of operation in the western parts of the United States. I would go about to various audiences and speak, and I would introduce myself. I'm Don Boudreau, president of the Foundation for Economic Education. Our flagship operation is our marvelous monthly magazine, The Freeman. And then young people, particularly young people who had never before heard of fee or the freedom philosophy, as we like to call it, and these are the people that I want to attract. I want to bring in to our world of ideas, they would look up. Then afterward, many of them would come up to me and say, you know, what is this? Some kind of militia group? The reason was because in early 1996, actually it was, there was a group out in Montana that called itself the Free Men, F-R-E-E-M-E-N, and they got a great deal of press attention. All the major newspapers, all the television programs, the TV news programs, and that name somehow, regrettably, but somehow became associated in the popular mind, not with a thinking, rational, long-lived civil tradition of freedom that we are part of, but instead with a radical, fairly, very thoughtless, mindless, violent tradition. And I reflected somewhat, and I thought, what's my purpose? What is fee's purpose? Fee's purpose is to promote liberty, and to promote liberty means we have to get the ideas out to people who aren't yet exposed to those ideas, and if anything stands in the way of that task, I will get rid of it. Unfortunately, the name, I believe, stood in the way of that task. The purpose of fee was not to promote the name, the Freeman, it was to promote the ideas of liberty. So we renamed our magazine, Ideas on Liberty. I appreciate Jacques's regret that we had to get rid of the name. I too regret it, but I do think it was the right move. Thank you. Bertrand earlier, I'll take my watch off and look at the time, but I understood Jacques's earlier command to be very precise. Earlier, Bertrand gave a very nice talk on the role of ideas and the role of special interest groups. And in listening to Bertrand, I realized I have to amend slightly my talk, but that's okay. It actually helps what I plan to do. Some of what I say will parallel Bertrand. I hope, though, in a way that complements rather than substitutes for what he said. I was early on, well, I'm an economist by training, and early on I became very influenced by the public choice school. My first job was at George Mason University, and I arrived there after the Public Choice Center, with Jim Buchanan and Dwight Lee and Gordon Tullock and other luminaries, arrived in Fairfax, Virginia. And I became very influenced by this school of thought. One reason why I'm excited about returning to George Mason is because the public choice influence there, including the people Buchanan, Tullock, are still there. Those of you who know public choice know that one of the, I think it now to be a danger, it's one to be avoided. A danger of public choice is that if you're not careful, it makes you too pessimistic. It makes you fatalistic about the world. You know the basic public choice story, which I think is fundamentally correct. It says, look, if you want to understand the state, if you want to understand why the state does what it does, take off your rose colored glasses, or rosé colored glasses.  Understand that there is a logic, an economic logic to what the state does. Concentrated interest groups use the state as an apparatus to plunder the producers of wealth who are not as well organized. And you can read about most of, most everything that the state does. And if you look hard enough, you can find a public choice story to explain that fact. Certainly in the short run, if you want to explain what the state does today, what it will do tomorrow, what it will do a year from now, public choice is the place to start and probably the place to end. It is the explanation. However, I don't think it's the full and complete story. I think public choice scholars tend to take their story just a bit too far. Because they say really, look, ideas don't matter at all. Impersonal forces, the impersonal logic of the political process is all that drives the state. I don't think that's true. I think ultimately ideas do matter. Ideas do in fact constrain what the state can do. It's not easy. And this is not necessarily, incidentally, a happy thought. Ideas can be bad, as I said earlier. There are ideas, history is full of dangerous and disgusting ideas that have led to the slaughter and plunder of millions of people. But on the other hand, it gives us some hope that with good ideas and spreading those good ideas about widely enough, we can save ourselves from the state. We can save ourselves from the public choice forces that are otherwise pushing the state to plunder us. And just, I just want to share with you a few, these are anecdotes, but as someone mentioned earlier today, anecdotes are a sound part of thinking. A few facts to support my claim that ideas matter. And then I'll go on beyond that to show how I try to affect ideas and what modest ways that I can. First and most obviously, and again I apologize for the provincialism of my examples. I'm an American and most Americans of course are very provincial. We see only the United States and other parts of the world are out there. But I'm sure that what I'm about to say applies even in the most, at least most of the repressive regimes today. Whenever the government does something that to our eyes, to the eyes of a libertarian or a classical liberal or a free market conservative even, whenever the government does something that to our eyes is plunder, we say obviously it's the result of special interest groups and it is when we understand the world in the way that we do. If I look at the United States government restricting severely the amount of sugar that Americans can import from abroad, I know why the government's doing that. The government's doing that in order to raise the incomes of American sugar farmers. That's the only reason the government's doing that. But, and that's just one example of course among millions, what does the government say? It puts a public interest explanation on it. It says, oh, we're doing this in order to promote American wealth or to promote a better balance of trade. If the pure public choice story where all there is to the story, if it were the complete explanation, government would not have to insult us with its explanations. It would simply say, we're prohibiting the importation of sugar because we're getting paid off by this concentrated sugar lobby. It wouldn't bother to spend what resources it spends and what effort it expands to attempt to justify these stories in the way they justify them. Every bit of government plunder you find, certainly 99.9% of instances of government plunder, I'm sure is explained publicly for public consumption as something that promotes the public welfare. We all know it not to be true, but the fact that the government explains its plunder so consistently in public welfare terms indicates that the government understands that ideas matter. If ideas didn't matter again, they would just be very, the politicians and bureaucrats would be very blatant about the reasons for doing the kinds and sorts of plunder that they do. Ideas, I believe, affect the culture, and the culture ultimately determines the bounds within which the state can act. Leon Lowe was sitting at lunch today with Dwight Lee and I, and he just made an offhand comment. He said, I can't do a good South African accent, so I won't try. But Leon said, you know, one thing great about France is that, and I take his word on this to be true. I don't know it for a fact if you disagree, blame Leon. He said, it's illegal to smoke inside buildings in France, but people do it anyway. That's a cultural thing. You can pass a piece of legislation saying in French, you know, thou shalt not smoke inside of public buildings, but if people are doing it anyway without any obvious concern that the police are going to come in and snuff out the cigarette or put you in the Bastille, then that indicates that culture matters, that what is written on the legislative page is not the sole determinant of the laws of a society. I come from New Orleans, thus my name in French heritage, South Louisiana, which is thoroughly French, and actually surprisingly still thoroughly French in its laissez-faire attitudes towards certain aspects of life, drinking. The legal drinking age is seven. The de facto legal drinking age is seven, although most of us start much earlier than that. My wife is from Northern New Jersey, just outside of New York City, and the first time I took her to visit my parents in New Orleans ten years ago, we were driving by right on the street near where my parents live, and we passed an establishment that I had known all of my life, but had never paid any attention to because it was just so obvious. It was part of the landscape that didn't register with me, and my wife looked at it and she literally gasped. What is that? What's wrong? Did we just pass a movie prop? You know, something set up for filming a movie. I said, no, no one films movies in these parts. What she saw was, and I hope this makes sense to a non-American, the non-Americans in New Orleans, she saw a drive-up daiquiri shop. Daiquiri is a drink, you know, it's a cold drink, it's kind of sweet, but it's loaded with alcohol. So a drive-up daiquiri shop with a marquee in front that said, special, buy two, get one free. And it didn't register with me. I thought, of course this is unusual. Of course it's illegal. I'm absolutely certain you can pour over all the official books in the state of Louisiana coming out of Baton Rouge, and you can find several places in which it's illegal to operate drive-up daiquiri shops, and yet they've been operated for as long as I've lived, and they're still there. The culture of my fellow citizens, I no longer live there, but the culture of my family and the people who live around my family in the New Orleans area simply would not tolerate the state saying you can't drink and you can't conveniently drive up to a shop to get three or four daiquiris. I think this is encouraging, particularly if you like daiquiris and drinking. I think it's encouraging because it shows the power of ideas. Again though, to be serious, there's a danger that the ideas can be bad as well as good. In this case I actually think they're good. I think it's healthy to have something less than a puritanical attitude toward intoxicants. But you can have bad ideas too. So we want, I tell you this is all really, all by way of prefertory remarks. I think we should all leave this conference and leave the rest of our lives confident that everything we can do to promote the ideas of liberty will have some positive chance of affecting the world we live in. Ours is not a fatalistic enterprise. The governmental beast is not destined to win and destined by some ineluctable forces of nature to continue to grow and devour the wealth and liberty that it devours. We can change that. Now, that does not mean, and here's a trap we often fall into, and I can say that because I am the first to fall into this trap with great frequency. We tend to think that in order to change the world, we have to make the world perfect in our view. That we have to get people to become libertarians or that we have to get, or to move in substantial directions toward that end. Or that we have to get lots of people to adopt our views. We certainly have to get more. We want to get as many as possible. We want to persuade all those whom we persuade to be as consistently libertarian as Bastiat was. But victory, which is always measured at the margin, I'm an economist, victory does not require a complete transformation of everyone's thought. We don't have to have the entire world or the entire citizenry of America or Europe or other countries walking around with copies of economic soft-isms and the law emblazoned in their minds. I once saw in a little demonstration, a metaphor of sorts, done by Jose Pinera, the great Chilean who was responsible for privatizing 20 years ago, incidentally, almost to the date, Chile's, 21 years ago, Chile's pension system. And Jose said, look, he's a, those of you who know Jose know, he's a wonderful man, he's very persuasive. Like all analogies, this one's not perfect, but it's a very nice one. We were sitting at a dinner table and he put a fork on his finger. He said, this is a lever.  No, I'm not going to do it, I shouldn't have had that glass of wine from New Orleans. And he balanced the pen on his finger and was tilted in one direction. And he said, suppose our goal, suppose we identify our goal as tilting the balance away from this current direction to here. How do we do that? So one way to do it is to take all, and imagine people standing all along this pen, this ink pen. We could change the balance simply by grabbing a bunch of the people here on the far end on this side and transferring them over here so that it plops down really fast. That would be nice if we could do it. But we don't have to do that. We can tip the balance without doing that. If you imagine the tip this way, all we have to do is get, we could tip the balance just by getting everyone, or many people, to move slightly in this direction. It doesn't even have to be that anyone crosses the line. If we have enough on this side and this person on the far, or from your perspective, the far left shifts just a little bit toward the right. Just a little bit from the extreme status position. Hyper-ultra, never seen a state intervention I never liked to. Hyper-ultra, well there may be one state intervention I don't like. Shift a little bit in this way. If enough people do that, that balance can tip. It might tip slowly, but it eventually can tip. And that's what we have to do. We get people to get them to see at the margin the merits of the market and the merits of freedom as opposed to the merits of plunder and coercion. My good friend Dwight Lee points out that if it tips, you get a further effect that lots of people just sort of slide down automatically. Actually I think there's something to that. So we get those who are willing to think to move a little bit and then hope that if we get the actual tipping in our direction that lots of the people who aren't really thinkers just go along with everyone to go along, that they'll just sort of slide in our direction. It'd be a happy day if we do that. Anyway, how to affect ideas. Each of us have our own ways. Each of us has our own audience. My audience at fee and in the college classroom where I was before fee and where I will be after I leave fee in a month are principally young people. And I think long and hard, I don't know how successfully but long and hard about how to best most effectively given my skills persuade young people of the merits of liberalism. It's difficult for lots of reasons. One of the most pernicious barriers to sound thinking today among young people of course is the extent to which the environmental movement has become religious on thinking. I've talked to lots of young people who actually describe themselves as free market libertarians except when it comes to the environment. And then suddenly the environmental exception grows so large that there's nothing left to their free market environmentalism. They cannot because of the religiosity of that view come to accept the market as the best means of allocating resources and so I think well what do I do? How do I get kids, young people to see the merits of the market and to understand that the market is not this terrific polluting device that is making life miserable. My specialty in economics is not environmental economics. But I can point to, I read this stuff written by my buddies at the Political Economy Research Center and at the Competitive Enterprise Institute and at other free market organizations, Cato. And I can point to studies that show that in fact sulfur dioxide emissions in the west are lower today than they were 20 years ago and they were lower 20 years ago than they were 40 years ago. I can point to the fact that the number of trees on the North American continent is in fact increasing and has been increasing for several decades. I can point to the fact that 99% or something thereabouts of all species that have ever existed since the beginning of time are now extinct and that all the recent extinctions don't add much to that percentage. That's all valuable and I do do that and I will continue to do that. But it occurred to me there's an even more fundamental point to make. There's more fundamental point and I can tell it to you without worrying about the effect I will soon tell you about. But here's how I like to state my more fundamental point in a rather provocative way. That if you go back to our pre-industrial past and you look at the kinds of pollution that affected our pre-industrial ancestors, our ancestors who lived in that happy day before commerce and industry, soiled human life, they, and if you showed them, if you showed our pre-industrial ancestors anywhere, pre-industrial ancestors incidentally anywhere in the globe, North America, Europe, Africa, Asia, you showed them the way we live and explained to them even the almost extreme environmental problems that the Greens today talk about, they, our ancestors, would be deliriously happy to exchange the environmental problems that they suffer for the ones that we suffer. They would be deliriously happy to have to worry about the extinction of a snail or even global warming or even genuine water pollution of the kind that we have today compared to the kinds of environmental problems they have. I try when I have young people before me to paint a picture as vividly as I can of the pre-industrial past and to point out that that pre-industrial past was filthy, foul, and hazardous. So much so that we today in the industrialized West can hardly imagine it. And I say to these young people, as I'll say to you for a moment, oh, before I go on, here's what I wanted to, I mean, I gave a version of this talk in Montreal to a student assembly, 210 students assembled by the Frazier Institute. And this talk was in Montreal. And in the middle of my talk, about one-third of the students became so offended. This is true. They seized the microphone from me. They turned off the lights and they started screaming. I was cursed out bilingually, French in English. I understood the English curse words and I even understood the French curse words because that's the one bit of French that my grandfather continued to speak to me. And these kids couldn't handle it. But I actually take a bit of hope from this because it got to them so much that it bothered them. And here's what I asked the students to do. I said, come back with me to our pre-industrial time. Not the nobility. Actually, we can even tell horrible stories about the nobility and the royalty. But to ordinary Europeans, the ancestors of all of us in this room, ordinary Europeans, ordinary Africans or Asians, to pre-industrial times and just look at what we know about the way these people lived. The typical European peasant and most Europeans in the Middle Ages prior to the Industrial Revolution were peasants, lived in a small one room hut. Typical one throughout most of Europe, most of Northern Europe, Northwestern Europe, was 20 feet long. I don't know what this translates to in that weird metric system. 20 feet long by 14 feet wide was one room. It had a dirt floor. Its walls were made of earthen materials, twigs, mud, dob. Its roof was thatched. Almost all of them. And we know this from archeological digs. I've seen pictures of these, of several of these digs. Almost all of these huts had a manure trench that was built right, not down the middle, but about one third of the way through the hut, running sideways, a manure trench. Because, particularly in the winter, the farm animals, many of the farm animals, lived in the house with the family. Now just start picturing this without going any further. One room, dirt walls, dirt floor, a thatched roof. There are no windows. Peasants could not afford window panes. The wire meshed screen had not yet been invented. It's a good thing they had no windows, because having no wire meshed screens, had they opened their windows, had they cut a hole into the wall to let fresh air in. They would have gotten fresh air, but they would have also gotten pestilential swarms of insects. And they had a sleeping on dirt floors, no furniture, the thatched roof. Now a lot of Americans, I assume maybe Europeans today too, a lot of Americans get very romantic and teary-eyed with their peasant roofs. We think they're wonderful. You can go into a greeting card store and you look at little greeting cards, there's a thatched roof with the smoke coming out. You can imagine the happy peasant sitting inside, drinking their tea. And really, you know, enjoying, enjoying their non-commercial life, unspoiled by the troubles and hazards that be set us today. But here's a description of a thatched roof from the historians Joseph and Francis Geis. This is from a book entitled Life in a Medieval Village, published by Harper and Row in 1990. These two historians, incidentally, have no particular brief to carry for the free market. I don't know their political ideology, but they're not particularly libertarian, I can tell you. And listen to this description that I quote directly. Speaking of medieval Europe, rues were thatched as from ancient times with straw, broom, or heather, or in marsh country with reeds or rushes. Fatched roofs had formidable drawbacks. They rotted from alternations of wet and dry and harbored a menagerie of mice, rats, hornets, wasps, spiders, and birds. And above all, they caught fire. Yet even in London, they prevailed until the 18th century. So just imagine that.  It's a good thing this is not an after-dinner speech. During the summer, incidentally, the walls of the hut would likely be coated with animal dung in order to repel fleas. It didn't work perfectly, but apparently it did repel fleas a bit. It was a filthy, foul existence. Of course, there was no running water. There was no indoor plumbing. There was no artificial lighting.  I think it's a trick question. Everybody bathes regularly. Well, you know, if you were your ancestors, your European ancestors, just a few generations ago, they bathed in October, and then... Maybe that's one of my ancestors. They bathed in October, depending on where they lived. It could be a little bit later, but they bathed in streams, not with soap, they had no soap. They bathed in streams that took the run-off from the farm animals grazing on the hills. It really wasn't what we consider a bath. And then they didn't bathe again until March or April, when the streams became warm again. Of course, they're not washing their hair, and you ask a 17-year-old girl or boy, I say, wouldn't you love to go on a date? I remember when I was 17 years old, I wouldn't go outside the house unless I washed my hair that morning. That really gets to kids. They say, hmm, maybe life back then wasn't as delightful as we think it as we think it might have been. Of course, they weren't brushing their teeth. I used to say a few years ago when giving a variation on this lecture that we today, born from the mid-20th century on are the first generations in human history who can expect to keep our teeth for our entire lives. That's actually not true. For most of human history, people could expect to keep their teeth for their entire lives. The trouble is their entire lives were some 35 or 40 years ago. We are the first generations in human history. Those of us born from approximate, at least in America, maybe a bit different from Europe, but I'm sure it's close. People born from about 1935 on are the first people in human history who, if they live into their mid-80s, can expect, with a fair degree of certainty, to have all or most of their teeth healthy in their head when they die. How many of you in here have seen the movie Dances with Wolves? Not good.  This is not pre-industrial times, although it was set in a pre-industrial setting, the American Midwest in the late 19th century. The cinematography was truly wonderful. It was a beautifully filmed movie and the vistas were gorgeous to look at. There's one scene in the movie, I believe it occurred near the end of the movie, where the Kevin Costner character, the European who finds nobility living among the savages, he's with a group of, I can say Indians in this room, American Indians, Barun, I don't mean your folk. You can't say Indians in the United States. You really can't. It's like cursing. So you have to say Native Americans and I point out, well, I'm a Native American. Anyway, there's a scene where the Kevin Costner characters with several American Indians, two or three of these Indians were older. They looked to me to be in their 60s or 70s. I mean the actors were that old. And the camera is panning around this group and they're talking to each other and at one point someone makes a joke and causes them all to laugh and smile. And what I noticed, I looked at the teeth of every one of these people and even in the older Indians, the 16, 17 year old Indians, each one of them had a set of full straight healthy white teeth.  There was no European or no American in New York City that age in 1885 who had a full set of healthy straight white teeth. There was certainly no person living on the American planes 130 years ago, 120 years ago with their full set of teeth. But we get this distortion and we see them think, oh, wouldn't life be great back then? And you think that if you don't reflect on the fact that well, it might be great. You don't have to do any traffic jams. You don't have any sulfur dioxide in your hair.  One of my great heroes is the late Julian Simon and he pointed out that perhaps the worst pollutants ever to affect humankind were diseases that have largely been either eliminated or reduced to insignificance in the industrialized west. Smallpox. Perhaps, well, certainly one of the greatest killers of all time. I don't know where it ranks, but it must be up there in one or two. Smallpox was devastating. I read a quotation from actually one of my favorite historians, the late French historian, Fernand Braudel who I read the English translation in his book, The Structures of Everyday Life. Let's say I have only five minutes. Braudel wrote about smallpox. I'm quoting now directly. He says, in 1775 when an oculation was just beginning to be discussed a medical book considered smallpox to be the most general of all diseases 95 in every hundred people were affected. One in seven died. No one, end quote, no one today dies of smallpox. No one in the world it's been eliminated. A good case can be made, the capitalism eliminated it by creating the leisure and science and wealth required to do the exploration and the investigation for the inoculation. One in seven people died of smallpox. No one does today. Tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis, malaria. These things in the industrialized west have been reduced to insignificance. Some of them still exist, but they don't kill people to the extent that they killed people in the past. The great Bastiat, had he been born a hundred years earlier would almost certainly not have died at the age of 49. Then suddenly we can say that not only has capitalism reduced the kinds of pollution that made people feel miserable and killed them it's given us indoor plumbing it's given us toothpaste it's giving us dental floss and mouthwash it's given us air conditioning it's given us antibiotics I can't, I don't have time to list them all, but I also like to say and I'll close on this thought that capitalism has also made us beautiful. It's a great beautifier of the human person. Our standards today of personal beauty are quite different from the standards of our pre-industrial ancestors. We are taller we're straighter none of us I dare say well none of us have faces pockmarked with smallpox 500 years ago 95 of every 100 of us did we keep our teeth we're clean we don't have scabbies or ringworms ringworm on our skin we probably don't have headlights 500 years ago it's estimated the incidence of headlights was about a hundred percent people scratch, they lost their hair they were hunched over because of medical ailments also because of malnutrition when young people worry about the kinds of pollutants that are being emitted even if we grant for the sake of argument that these problems are genuine some of them are and that they must be addressed it's fair to say but look what we've gotten in return in return despite sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide our world is vastly cleaner much less hazardous and much more pretty you young person who laments the industrial age and would like to go back to living in a local non-commercial society you would be horrified if you went back for two or three days you would come screaming back to the industrialized west here I get to satisfy Hubert's request I get to mention Ayn Rand that person would come running back to the industrialized west and buy the first copy of Atlas Shrug they got his hands on thank you very much this is only a footnote which I'm sure you would have added if you'd thought of it and in the case of malaria the continued incidence of that is due to the United States government which outlawed DDT after stopping the shipments of DDT it sprang right back up and of course there are only three Lankans and other brown people a couple million of those can get killed every year no problem that's good old US Congress Jan points out exactly true I thought of this when I mentioned malaria and because of time I didn't explain further but in fact malaria is on the rise in some places the government has outlawed DDT DDT is it's one of the poster pesticides for the environmental movement what a terrible thing isn't it wonderfully outlawed DDT Rachel Carson author of Silent Spring she can rest easily because she helped to outlaw DDT but then we can say you helped to kill people otherwise we'd be alive because malaria is back on the rise hi Don last night we were handed sheet of paper from the communists yes attack the attackers with a diagram of the Laffer curve with the idea being that perhaps a reduction in taxes can increase the amount of plunder for the state to the one side of the curve or an increase in taxes might increase the amount of plunder and that the idea that people would argue for perhaps even a tax reduction or tax rate reduction for the reason that it would increase the amount of plunder is disturbing to me and while I'm for tax reductions I mean clearly these people three premises ahead they're starting their reasoning process several premises ahead of where most of us start our reasoning process and I wonder if you might address address that yeah I'm not a public finance economist but my friend Dwight Lee who's sitting in the back of the audience and probably can't hear me because he's deaf Dwight, that's a joke Dwight Dwight wrote a paper several years ago with Jim Buchanan making this making a very similar point it's an interesting I don't have anything profound to add it's an interesting theoretical point that if government tax rates are too high now for whatever reason and if those rates are reduced and then government revenue rises well that's not necessarily a good thing rates might rates fall, maybe productive activity increases that's the good side because more resources at its disposal it's a real question whether that's a benefit or not I don't know how to do the utilitarian calculus at the extreme we might hope let's go the full way your humor, your radical status frenzy let's go the whole way, let's have 100% confiscation of everything and then maybe such an extreme position would cause the state to lose all authority and all resources and that might be the way to get to the libertarian utopia but it's possible that reducing taxes can actually increase state plunder although let me say as a practical I'll say what FY Edgeworth, the great British economist said 120 years ago about the optimal tariff argument, yes it's true but it should be bottled in one of those little jars with skull and crossbones stuck in the back of the medicine chest there's a theoretical possibility I think it's true but I would never imagine myself arguing against tax rate reductions on that grounds thank you Peter I think it was Joseph Goebbels who once said a lie will be believed by anybody it does have to be a very big lie the bigger the lie the more people believe it and I think we are surrounded by a few of those lies at the moment in the environmental side of it and your example of the fork being tilted only by pushing a few people just a little bit misses the point a bit I think because you need a sledge hammer or maybe an ideological atom bomb to get rid of these big lies because if you just push a bit push them a bit all that we need will come next will be someone with another big idea based on the same false ideas like a film like Kevin Costner's Dancers With Wolves for example which conveys all these ideas what we need is sledge hammer ideas which remove these big lies I think I agree with you in part to keep the analogy going what you are pointing out is that the actual force you need to move some of these people no matter how far you move them I just used my finger I was gently pushing them maybe that won't work maybe they are just glued there with super glue and you need or a punch by Arnold Schwarzenegger or Mike Tyson to move them I agree in most part with that I think it is very difficult I didn't mean to give you a misleading impression that it is very easy to move these people our task is not a simple one it is not merely going out to the man on the street and say hey our European ancestors lived under that roof that was pretty bad oh yeah really okay I am going to vote for the Libertarian candidate in the next election I don't there may be one or two people like that but they are very very rare but I would take exception or I confess to having a bit of a red flag that went up in my mind I don't think that we win many adherents by being Sledge Hammerish it is fun to be Sledge Hammerish it really is it is fun to ridicule people and point out how stupid or evil they are and some people sure that is what they deserve but in general for most thinking people well meaning people I think this describes most folks most of the people whom we have to get to if we are going to have a real effect most of these people I believe are well meaning they don't they are not introduced to our thoughts yet I think most can be persuaded if we do a good enough job there are a few whom you cannot move from the status position even with an atom bomb okay let's not bother it would be fun for vindictive purposes to get atom but if we do Sledge Hammerish for everyone I think we come across as too heavy handed we come across as intolerant I believe that we precisely because we are the only truly consistent proponents of the civil society we have to do our best to be civil to put our faith in rational argument and I know that's difficult I know it's sometimes it's very difficult when I hear people talk sometimes by the by the neck and do unspeakable things to them but I don't do that because I don't think it would win us any adherence I don't have a recipe beyond that other than to say avoid if you can being heavy handed put your trust in rational argument we have truth on our side we have all the evidence on our side we have great thinkers we have a lot on our side and that should be enough we have to be patient but better better to patiently get people to move to this position and then have them really want to be here rather than to Sledge Hammer them over which means that they can just as easily be bounced to Sledge Hammered right back thank you Josey okay thank you Mary Lou because this question brings me to the one who didn't let me because of the time Bertrand Léminice was talking about the politicians and that they have empty brains and someone also later said that it's even worse they have it full of it okay and I think that is not the battle we have to fight it has to be a battle of ideas not against people and we cannot alineate the politicians because otherwise there is no way to win so I comment on that but my question actually you talked a lot about history and that now we have more trees than maybe 50 years ago but certainly we have less trees than 200 years ago so this is in a way like a cycle okay or that is what I think that sometimes so many of these processes go in cycles it's not a linear evolution so my question is the second one is what do you think is the next trend for the future of Liberty will there be more Liberty there will be less Liberty as you know in Europe all the governments now are socialist and we even have in France a trust guide the prime minister how do you see freedom especially in Europe I think is very worrying and other parts of the world thank you this is a good question and it's a question that lots of all of us I'm sure asked and it's a question that I've been asked many times I truly don't have a firm answer I can only give you my sense but it's not a sense that I have with any great degree of confidence I am cautiously optimistic about the history of Liberty I've been in this movement now for 25 years well 24 since 1977 and if I look back over that time period and focus on it as a whole rather than just what's happening today or what's happened over the past year I detect progress progress not only in the number and quality of people who are joining the liberal movement but also some progress however halting it may be maybe this is a provincially American view some progress in the terms of the debate not on all issues but someone mentioned earlier the California power the power issue I believe, I can't prove this, it's my sense I believe that had we had this mess in California 20 years ago 25 years ago price control would have been slapped on immediately today at least we had some delay and there are exceptions to the controls that I don't believe there would have been 20 years ago I think that's because there's been a slight movement in the pro-freedom direction anti heavy handed regulatory state method but I'm not, I don't hold that prediction with any great degree of confidence, I by no means believe it to be true as some of my friends do incidentally that the victory of liberty is assured and all we have to do is sit around and wait I'm not a wig in that way so I mean if I believe it I'd go home I would turn my attentions to some other enterprise I do what I do, I enjoy doing what I do but I do what I do principally because I want to do whatever I can to help promote liberty and if I thought it was inevitable or futile, I quit Trig and Leon I think probably won't have time for you Stefan but you can stand by if you like go ahead Trig two comments, the first one a little funny you said I always think about how do I get to the young kids I'll give you an idea the idea is as an avid watcher of real TV and all the reality programs you may want to just suggest to them to grab a camcorder, go out be a producer of your own 16th century that hutch real TV watch the American kids watch the French kids all try to get along raising farm animals without very good steel equipment running water and so forth and it would be a great reality TV show and you make a lot of money to boot I had a very similar thought I think it's a good one it requires getting some funding to do one person said it would be so bad it would be so disgusting compared to reality TV today because these people are literally living in feces yes anyway go ahead that would be great reality TV we actually had a 1910 story where they took American family and had them live in a 1910 house 1900 house it's a terrific very very vivid you see the little girl getting a tamper tentrum but on the serious level in terms of high act type economics law junction I think we need to look in the mirror seriously on the environmental area and say that we have failed in coming up with essentially a tragedy of the commons problem we've failed and come up with laws private property laws and those laws that they need to just grab ad hoc from us for instance I'm concerned about the Bengal tiger I'm concerned about all the animals that are in the collective that are being exploited as somebody once at the Toronto convention explained there's no shortage or extinction of dogs cats and chickens those are happily privatized but you know the elephant rhino and the Bengal tiger they're out there suffering the tragedies of the commons but we don't seem to come up with the laws our legal scholars and our lawyers our libertarian legal scholars don't seem to come up with the laws to show how do you make property rights in water how do you make property rights in animals how do you make property rights in whole governments I think we've made some progress in that but I generally agree we haven't done as good a job as we can to show alternatives to the command and control state Thanks Jake. Stefan you get a chance after all Actually it's about the subject of convincing people speak right into the mic please about convincing people that's important to really get the same people who are now our opponents to move over this is perfectly possible that you might have me off as a book by Mr Townsend who was manager took over the Avis rental car company when it was almost failing completely and he moved it back up to become number two worldwide and he did it with exactly the same people he said the only thing he had to change was their motivation and because as soon as you get a certain number of people it doesn't matter which ones he choose because you will have an average anyway you have to do with those you actually deal with anyway so if you can properly motivate them you can move them from being losers to being winners we can do the same intellectually speaking we can take the current population who have socialist beliefs and if we properly motivate them we can turn them into perfect liberals actually in the classical sense so I think it can be done people can change it's perfectly possible but they have to get the right kind of motivation thanks for your comment I endorse that to the extent that we can do that obviously I think we should try I'm a little bit less optimistic than perhaps you are about being able to do that on a wide basis but I'll end with a story at least most Americans here know the man who ran for president in 1972 George McGovern far left at least by American standards far left sort of guy he loved government regulation loved high taxes I can't remember which state was McGovern from South Dakota after he retired from the US congress he returns to South Dakota and he's going to open up a bed and breakfast for visitors he was appalled at how hard he had to work at how high his taxes were extensive red tape regulation that he had to deal with and he actually said I think this was about 1988 or so he wrote in the Washington Post I believe was pretty certain it was the post he wrote how he never realized this until now and here's the man who spent his entire life in politics imposing regulations and taxes on people and not until he actually got into the real world and got differently motivated that he realized what he was doing to people thank you all very much


From Oshun State, we come to Ogun State and the governor has been advised to be proactive over the upsurge of insecurity in the state. This is according to Epidipi Chieftain David Bangboshe, while addressing newsmen after declaring his intention to run for governor. It's not just on digital killing, kidnapping. What I have observed, and I don't know, from people who have said it's the style of the government, is that our governor, the incumbent governor, Prince D'Apabilu is not proactive. He is reactive. He looks at sea, he's sleeping. It is when disaster strikes, that's when he wakes up to see what he can do. When people are kidnapped, when people are killed, when people are, when there is retrackling. So we are saying, we want to call on him, that governance is not about you getting too comfortable, too laid back. A governor must be proactive. A governor must walk because the primary reason of the establishment of government is the security and welfare of the people. So I call on Prince D'Apabilu to wake up. Don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


Welcome back to my channel. My name is Coach Coco, and I love volleyball.  So today, I'm going to talk to you about how to float serve. A lot of you guys ask me about the float serve, and I want to be able to teach you the steps that I know how to best float serve, especially if you're transitioning from the organ hand serve, the standard one I taught you, and you want to move into something a little bit more tricky. So let's get right into it. Before we start this video, let me show you a little shameless promo. Look at my cute shirt. You can get you a You've Got Block shirt also by going to CocoBully.com or checking below in the description box. Now, with the float serve, remember the steps from the overhand serve. If you need a refresher, go check out that video. I'll have it right here. Now, the overhand serve and the float serve, very, very similar, like almost the same. Like I'm not joking, almost the same except for one step. There is one thing that is different about the float serve. It is your hand placement. So when we talk about the steps for the overhand serve, we still have that non-dominant arm. We still have our shoulder open up elbow high. We still have the bow in the arrow. We still have to step into it. Same steps. So let's start from there. And now when I talked about the overhand serve, I kind of used the analogy of like you're throwing a baseball and you finish all the way through. With the float serve, you're actually not going to finish all the way through.  You're going to serve high five, and then you're just going to stop. It is just a straight high five and stop. So it's just a little bit different. It takes a while, but before we actually get into what that serve looks like, let me show you the difference between a toss that looks like an overhand standard serve and then a float serve. When you're thinking about overhand standard serve, it's very similar to a down ball. So a down ball is one that has a trajectory with a little bit more spin on it. Now a lot of times with volleyball statistics in USA Volleyball, whenever you see kind of at the championship level or you see NCAA tournaments, a lot of the female and male players, they no longer do just that standing overhand serve. That's because it's traditionally pretty easy to receive and we want to kind of have some spontaneity and we want to give them some variety to the team and we don't want to be so predictable. So I suggest that once you've moved past your overhand standard serve, you should start working on more advanced serve such as the float serve, the jump serve, and working on your spot placement. And I'll have some spot placement videos in the future, but we want to make sure that we're working on something more advanced, especially if you feel like you've already tapped out that overhand serve. So I'm just going to talk about the float standing serve. We'll get into jump float another time. So once again, a down ball is pretty easy to receive. When you're in practice, your coach is hitting to you, they're giving you down ball. So that means that you're getting conditioned to get better to attack those down balls. So that means that it's the libero who is such a strong passer, you don't want to give them something that you know they can get. So we want to give them something that's going to be challenging for them, something that's going to be tough for them, and that could be a float serve. Float serves are difficult because whenever you're down in position, a float serve often will move in the air and it's hard for me to read and a lot of players to read. Okay, she's standing over there, she's serving it to me, but it moved in the air and a lot of float serves tend to come in that mid chest region of a lot of players. So it's hard to receive. So the float serve, what's different is it doesn't have that spin. Sometimes it has a very light spin, but most of the time it just coasts through the air and those can be deadly, especially if you get a float serve that is so close to the net. Deadly, my man. It's so hard to receive, so hard to read, and that's why we love them. And a lot of times in tournaments and vlogs, you see me doing jump float, love it. So with the float serve, let's talk about that hand placement. I'm going to hit right into the net because I don't want the ball to go far because it's like a forest back here, but let me show you that body position once again. The body position we're having is our arm extended.  Don't forget to step into it.  So let me show you what that looks like on the net. So you can see exactly what I mean by deadly. So I'm here. I know that you guys might be a little confused because you can't see me all the way, but here I would love to get a slow mo. Very little spin. I'm getting very little spin. Now I'm going to step back just a little bit so we can see if we can get an actual trajectory so you guys can see that. I really want you to practice if you feel comfortable enough and you've moved past the standard overhand serve. This is like the next level up. So I hope that you like this tutorial on the standing float serve. I would love to give you more tutorials to help you with your game. So give me some suggestions below. I know you want to see the jump serve. I'm working on that one, but make sure you share this video with somebody who needs it. Please like, comment, subscribe and check out my merch store and I will see you guys next time. Keep practicing.