Good morning, welcome to today's what I eat in a day. It's dark, I'm in my car, it is 4.55 a.m. and I just actually pulled in to boot camp for the day. It is almost 50 degrees this morning, which is fantastic.  I've been transitioning from winter wear to sweatshirts to long sleeve shirts and jackets to t-shirts to tank tops. Eventually we'll get to tank tops in the morning, but I'm excited that it's not super cold and I'm ready for today's workout. I have a really busy day today. I have a lot of macros to do. I have a couple of errands to do. Troy and I are going to clean the house. We have some really good recipes today.   Make sure you're subscribed and your bells on because I do a what I eat in a day every Wednesday and I do upload five videos every single week. I will link nutrition coaching down below. Highly recommend calories and macros. As you know, that's how I lost 90 pounds last year and I'm almost at 140 pounds lost. I also have coaching as well, links and discounts to everything I share with you today. My favorite things and comes on our Facebook group. We'd love to have you. All of that is down in the description box. I did drink about half of my protein coffee this morning. I'll finish that up when I get home. So I'm gonna grab my mat, my weights, let's get our sweat on, get our workout done for the day. I'm starving, so I'm going to make some breakfast. I am going to fry up one of these Gilbert's Caprese chicken sausages. These are some of my all-time favorites. There are 130 calories with 13 grams of protein. They have cheese in them, sundried tomatoes, super, super good. I have a few chunks of pineapple left from this little container from Sprout. I'm going to finish that up. And then I'm going to toast up one of these Thomas English muffins. These are the cinnamon plus protein. What's really cool about these is they have 140 calories, which is normal for an English muffin, but these have eight grams of protein. And they say that they're cinnamon, but it's a very, very mild cinnamon. So I like to toast these up. And then I add just about a teaspoon of real Kerrygold grass-fed butter to the English muffin. And that way I've got a healthy, slow-digesting carb with some protein, some fruit, and then some sausage. So here is my breakfast. So I have my English muffin with one teaspoon of Kerrygold butter, my Gilbert sausage, my pineapple. This is all on my U-B-Home plate.  They have it. I love U-B-Home. So I'll link them down below with 10% off for you. So this is going to be this morning's breakfast. It's time to clean my makeup brushes. I have so many dirty brushes. I'm running out of eyeshadow brushes because they're all dirty. I have face brushes to wash. I have a system where I have my favorite cleaner, which is the Cinema Secrets from Sephora. It's expensive, but it is the best brush cleaner and it dries instantly. So you can actually use your brushes right away when using that cleaner. Absolutely love it. The Sephora sales coming up. So I'll link it down below.  So let's clean. I thought we could clean my brushes together and I have some updates for you as well. So like I said, I thought we could clean my makeup brushes together and then while I'm cleaning, I'll give you guys some updates on the dogs and then of course, just some life updates as well. Things that are going on, things that are coming up. I always start with eye brushes first and then as I clean them, I just put them back into the little container. So first let's talk dog updates. So as you may or may not know, depending on how regularly you follow my channel, about a week and a half ago, we lost my lab diesel. He was having some medical issues. So we ended up having to allow him to cross the rainbow bridge and that was literally the hardest thing I've ever been through in my life. The most traumatic experience I've ever had in my entire life. We still miss him.  I still look for him, especially when I walk in the door from the gym or boot camp. He always met me at the door, tail just a wagon hitting the door. So I always look for him still when I come home. So it's definitely been really hard on us. It's been a big adjustment to not have him here. We think we see him, we think we hear him. It's been a little rough on Troy because diesel used to lay on our living room floor with Troy at night when he watched TV. And so Troy said that that's been really weird just not having diesel laying there like he used to. It's definitely been a big adjustment for our family. All Lola and Palmer are doing really well. I thought that Lola was going to be really upset, more devastated than she is. I thought that she was really going to miss him and kind of mourn his loss as well. But she's doing really well. Now we know that dogs are stoic. So there's a possibility that she does miss him but she's not sad or mopey or anything which I'm grateful for just one less thing to deal with after the loss of diesel. So she's doing really well, Palmer's Palmer. I mean, Palmer's just happy with the ball and Troy. I mean, that's all Palmer cares about. So he's done really well with the loss of diesel. So it's just been a big adjustment for us. And speaking of Lola, as of the end of her fourth week of chemo, she's going into her sixth week. I take her tomorrow, sixth or seventh week. I think sixth week. At the end of her fourth week, she was in 100% full remission. So she is in remission, fingers crossed that it stays that way. Typically what happens is after she finishes all of her chemo sessions, which is four weeks, which is four sets of four weeks. So it's basically like a five month process. Generally the dogs stay in remission throughout chemo, because they're always receiving the chemo drug. So the remission, so they stay in remission while they're going through chemo.  I actually asked the vet tech at her oncologist's office this last week, what is the average amount of time after finishing the five or so months of chemo, do the dog stay in remission? And he said the average is a year, some dogs more, some dogs less. So I can't handle anything else with dogs, especially with Lola. You guys know she's my best friend in the whole world. So I am just crossing all my fingers and my toes that she stays in remission a long time. She is handling chemo so well. She's literally like a little rock star.  They love her at the oncologist's office. Actually everybody loves Lola, but she's doing really well. She hasn't been getting sick at all. I've been giving her an anti-nausea medicine before I take her to chemo. And that's really helped her. She does get a bit anxious. She knows where we're going now. When we get off the freeway and we turn from the main road on to the road that leads to the oncologist, she knows and she starts shaking.  And then she usually comes and sits with me. There was kind of a long bench and she'll come and sit with me. But as soon as she sees Chelsea who's the vet tech, she immediately tries to hide behind me. And she loves Chelsea, but she knows. Like she knows what's coming. She's learned landmarks. I mean, dogs are so smart. It just blows my mind how smart they are. But overall she's doing really, really well. I do have some anti-anxiety medicine kind of like a sedative that I can give her. They would like me to give it to her for the fourth week. She, the fourth week of the four week session. So four times she'll get this treatment. It's the most intense chemo treatment. And they kind of have to poke and prod her a little bit more. And I guess last time she wasn't the best patient. She didn't like them poking and prodding her. So when she goes in for the fourth week, which is next week, I will go ahead and give her, I think the sedative before we go along with her anti-nausea pill. And that seems to really, really work in preventing her from getting sick from chemo. So she's doing really, really well. It's definitely very, very expensive. It works out to be about $2,000 a month. So it's very pricey. But I mean, how do you put a price on? Number one, her quality of life. And number two, having Lola around as long as possible because, you know, she's my best friend.  It was, there's, we just can't. So it's been worth every single penny, especially because she is responding so well. A couple of other kind of life updates. I head out to New Orleans on April 19th, which is coming up here pretty soon for a conference. I am doing a mini meetup with my subscribers on the 20th of April. I posted all of the information for the little mini meetup in my Facebook group. But what I'll do is I'll put the information down in the description box. So if you're in the New Orleans area and you're interested in coming to the meetup, all the information will be in the description box for you. So I'll kind of be MIA a little bit. I'm going to be posting on Instagram and in my Facebook group. So make sure you follow me in both of those places. I'm not vlogging my trip, but I will be posting pictures and updates and things there. And then kind of the last little life update that I have is in regards to plastic surgery. So I've been getting a lot of questions about if I'm still going to Mexico for plastic surgery a hundred percent I am. I actually leave, I think on the 16th, yes, I leave on the 16th of May. My surgery is on the 17th of May. My really good friend, Amy, who I actually went to visit in New York. I'll pop a picture up here. She's having a 360 tummy tuck the same day that I'm having my surgery. I know I'm vlogging my entire plastic surgery experience. And Amy said, I'm more than welcome to vlog her experience as well. So you guys will get to see both my procedures as well as Amy's and how the recovery and everything goes. If you're looking into plastic surgery out of the country in Mexico, the vlog will be really helpful for you. And then just kind of taking you guys along with me throughout not only the surgery itself, but some of the recovery as well. So stay tuned for that. So that's really all I have for you guys as far as life updates. I'm going to finish cleaning my brushes. And then Troy and I are going to spend some time cleaning the house today as well. What do you need? What do you need? Why are you squawking at me? Huh? Yes, hold it. Oh yes, you got a ball for singing in the morning. So as promised, we're gonna make the new PB2 Pantry Apple Cinnamon Muffin.  We're gonna make them here on my channel. We're gonna do like a second taste test of these. You can have two muffins for 210 calories. I usually just eat one muffin. I bought this at Kroger in the baking aisle. A few of you have said that you've seen it at your Walmart as well, but you're going to need the muffin mix, eggs, oil, which we're gonna substitute unsweetened applesauce and some water. So let's make some muffins. So we're going to start with half of the jar of the muffin mix. It says approximately one and a half cups or half the jar. You could also double the recipe if you wanted to. Which actually, you know what? I think I am going to go ahead and double it. Let's do the whole jar. So it's going to make 18 muffins total by using the whole jar. And then we're going to need six eggs and then a cup of applesauce. So I'm going to do two of these little packets. We'll give that a quick stir, get everything mixed together. Let's see, we're gonna preheat our oven to 350 degrees. Then we're going to scoop our muffins into our muffin pan. And again, we want 18 muffins total. So I decided that I'm going to do the other six muffins as donuts. How fun is that? So I'm going to use my donut pan. So we got our donuts and our muffins. They're going into 350 degree oven for about 10 to 12 minutes. So the donuts are out of the oven. One is missing because I'm actually going to have it as a morning snack. It's about 10 o'clock.  So I have one of the donuts. We'll taste test that together. And then I have a Chobani zero sugar. This has seven grams of protein in it, which is amazing. And then of course the Chobani zero sugar is another 11 grams. So this is a really high protein snack. And we're getting in some healthy carbs. Also, side note, the muffin mix works perfect as donuts. Okay, taste test, cheers. It has big chunks of apple in it. Super tender, like a really good quality muffin. Absolutely delicious. And for 100 calories, seven grams of protein, you can't beat it. The muffins are out as well. It smells so good in here. I am obsessed with this mix. It's so good. Highly, highly recommend. Oh, I don't know if you can see them. But these two little sunbathers over here. Oh yeah, well you guys laid in the sun. Yeah, you guys love to come out in the morning, huh? So I thought I'd share with you a few type of memorial things that we did for diesel, as well as some of the really sweet gifts that we've received from my followers, my subscribers, my friends, all of you. So first let me show you what I did for my office. So first I got this metal picture off of Walmart's photo website. It's on a piece of metal. It's really nice. You were able to customize the style of the design. So I did a picture of diesel with his name and then I have a little wood platform that it sits in. And then that sits right on my desk where I work every day. And then a lot of you were saying that you're going to miss diesel being in the background of my videos. So he is officially forever going to be in the background. So he sits right here on this shelf that you can see in all of my videos. I just love this picture of him. And it says cold nose, warm heart, super, super cute. So again, that's right on that shelf that you see in the background. Also my good friend Susan, thank you so much Susan. And subscribers sent this to me. She had this made for diesel. So it's engraved in wood and it says forever in our hearts. And then I put one of my favorite pictures of him on there and it actually sits in our second living room or the room right off of our main entrance. And then lap of love who came out and sent diesel over the rainbow bridge did a paw print for him. And this is seriously like the perfect paw print. She even put his name in there. It's been sitting out here on my plant stand for over a week now.  I haven't put it together yet only because I have one more picture of him on the way. But I'm going to put that paw print in here as well as a couple other things that I'll show you. I'll link this for you. Like I said, I got it off of Amazon. It's really nice. And I want to say it was $25. This comes off and then it has the clear glass and it has the little closure as well on the side. And then of course I kept his collar which I'm going to put in the shadow box. I kept his leash and then lap of love also gave us a lock of his fur which I thought was really sweet. So I'm going to put that in the shadow box as well. So once I put that together, of course I'll show you guys in a video. And then we have just had an outpouring of love from friends and family. So my boot camp group actually sent me this beautiful, beautiful bouquet. And then my good friend Amy sent me this paper pop-up puppy bouquet which I thought was really cool off of Amazon. You can keep it forever that way which is amazing. So my good friend Lois sent me a really sweet card. She's one of my subscribers. There was a little poem in here about losing a pet and I just, I can't bring myself to read it yet. I'll get there Lois, I'll get there. And then I received a really beautiful card from my good friend Michelle. And then my mom, my mom sent me this sweet card with a lab on the front. And then my really good friend Melanie sent me this lovely card. And then lastly this is so beautiful. I love the handmade design on this. And this is from my friend Michelle. Oh, this one's from my friend Michelle. I'm sorry, this one is from, this is from my subscriber Julie. So we have, like I said, just gotten an outpouring of love for diesel and it seriously warms our hearts. Also forgot to show you guys the necklace that I had made. So I had this super pretty necklace. It's really nice quality actually. And again, this is from Walmart from their photo area. And I just put a picture of diesel on it. It was 1999, it came with the chain. And like I said, it's really, really nice quality. Do you want a special bomb? Should we go get a special bomb? Let's go do it. Say we deserve it. We deserve a special bomb. Oh, you peanut butter smartphone. Good sit. Good sit. Can you see it, baby? Good job, honey. Good girl, Lola. Time to run a few errands. So here's what's on our agenda for this morning. I just ordered a coffee at Duncan. I don't want to go all the way to Dutch Brothers today because I actually need to make a stop at our local landfill, our local dump, to dump off a bunch of boxes. We actually get to recycle boxes for free here because we don't have the option to have recycling at home. So we can recycle for free. So I'm going to stop by there after I grab my coffee at Duncan. I need to get gas in my car. I've got less than a quarter tank and Lola goes to chemo tomorrow.  That way she doesn't have to sit in the car in the warm because it's going to be in the 80s and it's just too hot for her to sit in the car. So I'm going to fill up with gas and then I need to go to the post office because I need to mail my taxes. And I owe a lot, a lot. I mean, tens of thousands of dollars. So I need to go get my taxes mailed off and then I need to mail a packet of paperwork for Troy to our attorney for Social Security Disability. We got a whole bunch of additional information from his doctor that will help his claim. So I'm going to mail that off as well plus a couple of other bills. And I think that's all that we have to do. I have some coaching calls so I don't have time to really do much of anything else nor do I really need to do anything else. So first up, Duncan. So I got my coffee at Duncan and an extra cup of ice. There's actually a decent amount of ice in here. What I realize is when I order an iced coffee I can request extra ice. When I order an iced americano, I cannot. So I asked her for an extra cup full of ice and then I'll just add it to my coffee as I drink it. I just like my iced coffee, icy and cold. So this is the, this is sugar-free blueberry, sugar-free toasted almond. I love that combo together with two creams. So I'll go ahead and put points everything here on the screen for you. Next stop, dump. We do have to stop in at the front little kiosk and ask them to go right over there to the recycle. That's really, really weird. So I usually have to put premium gas in my car but all of the pumps have these tags. Here, I'll show you guys. I'll flip you around and show you that say that they're out of mid-grade and premium gas. Isn't that weird? It says the Phoenix Market is experiencing a temporary fuel supply shortage. Someone changed it too. So for lunch today, I'm going to have a sandwich. I have been on a major, major sandwich kick. So I use one slice of this sprouted bread. This is from Imperfect Foods. I really, really like this bread. And then I do four slices of the Hillshire Farms Natural Turkey, a slice of reduced-fat pepper jack cheese. Sometimes I do light mayo but today I'm going to do avocado. I need to use up this avocado. And then I'm going to have some blackberries, some cucumbers with a couple tablespoons of the fried pickle dip. So here is my lunch. This looks so good. So I have my sandwich. There is 45 grams of avocado. I have 55 grams of blackberries and then some cucumbers with two tablespoons of the pickle dip. Again, on my Uba home plate, don't forget this is linked down below with 10% off for you. I'm about to get on a coaching call so I'm going to have an afternoon snack. I have a little bag of the Uts, Xs and O's pretzels. These are so good.  So it's about three o'clock.  I need it to have time in the fridge to set up. I do have a whole video on protein pudding. It's a staple for me. I will link that video down below but it is so simple. You basically need a protein shake of your choice. So I'm going to do the premiere protein cookies and cream. And then you'll need some sugar-free jello pudding. Make sure you get the one that is, you don't want to get the cook one or the cook and serve. You want to get the ready to go pudding. And you're going to add two tablespoons of pudding mix in with the protein shake. Yeah, from the wind.  And then I take my little handheld frother and mix it in, put the lid on it and throw it in the refrigerator. And then when I eat it, I'll show you guys what toppings I use. I'll probably do maybe some whipped cream and either crushed up cookies or maybe some little chocolate chips or something. But I'll show you that once I go to have it for dessert. For dinner tonight, I am making a cheesy ground beef pasta skillet. I am super excited for this. We're going to try out a new to me pasta and we're going to get in lots of protein. So let me show you what's in the recipe. So I hauled this pasta in a grocery haul. I found this at Kroger. So it says pasta made with sweet potato. There's 13 grams of protein per two ounce serving. That is fantastic. So we're going to test this out. I'm excited to see if it's any good. You'll need some minced garlic, Worcestershire sauce, salt and pepper. I will link my gravity fed salt and pepper grinders down below. They're off of Amazon and we love them. You'll also need some light mozzarella cheese, fresh parsley and onion. 96 or 93% ground beef, tomato paste. And then the recipe calls for red pepper chili flakes which I am omitting. So I have some water coming to a boil right here for the pasta into my caraway skillet. You guys know I am obsessed with my caraway pans. I'm going to add my pound of ground beef and then I dice up half of that red onion. So I'm going to add that as well. Put in a scoop of minced garlic and allow the ground beef to brown. So I found this spinach. Well, I didn't find it, but I have this spinach in my refrigerator that needs to get used up. So I'm going to go ahead and add it to the meat. This is an addition that I'm making to the pasta. This is a one-pan dinner. So by putting this in and allowing it to kind of wilt down with the ground beef, it's just going to give us a little bit of leafy greens in our pasta dish. Then I'm going to add some salt and pepper, about a tablespoon of Worcestershire sauce and a couple tablespoons of tomato paste. Go ahead and mix that all together. The pasta is just about done. We want the pasta to be al dente. I'm going to drain it and reserve a little bit of the pasta water to add to the skillet. So I drained my pasta, adding that to the skillet. I'm going to give that just another quick mix before I add in half of a cup of the reserved pasta water. I will tell you this pasta looks just like regular pasta. Maybe has a tiny bit of an orange tint similar to a sweet potato. Then I'm going to add in that half of a cup of reserved pasta sauce and we're going to allow this to simmer for a few more minutes. We just want to make sure the pasta is cooked all the way through. I'm going to add in one cup of light shredded mozzarella and I chopped up some parsley. I'm going to add about three quarters of it. Give that one last stir, allow that cheese to get all melted in with the pasta. I will tell you, this smells so good and I cannot wait to have this for dinner. I mean, look at how amazing this looks. Let me go ahead and get this plated up and I'll be back to share points, calories and macros. So here is dinner. The recipe makes only six servings. So you're getting quite a large bowl of pasta. I can't wait to dig into this. I will again put points, calories, macros here on the screen for you. So where do we go? On today's What I Eatin' a Day on WW. I hope you enjoyed coming along with me today, seeing the dogs, running some errands, all the good food that I ate.  I will make sure that my website is linked down in the description box, along with nutrition coaching, links and discounts to my favorite things and of course, come on over, join our Facebook group. We would love to have you. Thank you for watching and I'll see you in the next one. Bye.


What has to happen is to understand what the role of the United States is in terms of our relationship generally in the world, but especially with China and Russia and the Europeans. I think that is going to be something that will occupy them because it's front and center.


This paper proposes a new approach to abstractive summarization using a combination of pre-trained language model, PLM, and graph-based information. It builds upon BART, one of the most advanced sequence-to-sequence PLMs, and adds multi-source transformer modules to process both textual and graphical data. These modules enable the model to extract knowledge graph information and structured semantics from the input documents. The output of these modules is then used as an enhanced encoding for decoding, resulting in more accurate and informative summaries. The proposed approach was evaluated on the Wikisum dataset, which consists of Wikipedia articles. Compared to other baselines, it outperforms them significantly in terms of F1 score and Roosh scores. This article was authored by Tong Chen, Xiu Wei Wang, Tian Wei Yu, and others.


Excel Accounting Practice Problem. Cash payment for inventory linked to purchase order or PO. Get ready because we're going to Excel. Here we are in our Excel worksheet. In prior presentations we set up the Excel worksheet from a blank sheet continuing to enter transactions into it at this point in time. If you have access to it there's going to be two tabs on down below. We got the example tab, the practice tab, practice tab starting out where we left off last time. Example tab then being the answer key. Let's take a look at the example tab now. In prior presentations we started off our new business purse first investing in it from the owner increasing cash with an owner investment then a loan increasing cash with a loan then we took that money invested in furniture and equipment and also took some of it and put it into a short-term investment. Now we're going to say that we are receiving then the inventory or


My name's Danian Hansen. I'm a principal software engineer with Solo. I have been a contributor to Silium for about a year now and I'm also a reviewer of a couple of the SIGs within Silium. And pretty interesting to come full circle talking about IPv6. I was part of a team that brought IPv6 alpha support to Kubernetes. And IPv6 is probably not the best topic to discuss via slides. And so I put together a demo that I'm hosting the instructions on GitHub. If you'd like to follow along or maybe access the demo later if you want to grab that QR code. And what we'll do is dive right into the demo. Give me one second here. And if you got the QR code this is the demo that you're going to be seeing. So what we're going to be demoing here is IPv6 capabilities of Silium running on a Kubernetes cluster that is configured for IPv6 only. I'm using KIND to spin up the cluster and it's a simple cluster, two-node cluster of a control plane and a control plane node and a worker node. And let's take a look at what we got going on here. So I've installed the cluster and if we do, if we look at the control plane configuration for the kube manager you'll see that the cluster sider is defined and it's using a slash 56 IPv6 sider and the service cluster IP range is also defined as a v6 as a slash 112. And what we're going to see here is, if we go down, is that nodes are assigned pod siders. So here's my control plane node that's been assigned a pod sider of a slash 64 and same with the worker node that come from the slash 56 cluster sider. And what Silium IPam will do when I install Silium, Silium IPam will be assigning IPv6 addresses to pods that get scheduled to each of these nodes from each of these pod siders. And let's take a look at the nodes as well and you'll see that the nodes are configured for IPv6 as well. So we've got the colon, colon two node and the colon, colon three node and if we do a docker network, you'll see that since these aren't physical nodes, these are virtual nodes, so essentially each node is a container running on my docker daemon and kind created this docker network called kind Silium and gave it this v6 subnet and each node here gets assigned an IP key from that subnet. So now that we have confirmed the settings for our cluster, let's go ahead and install Silium and let's wait for Silium to be ready. And while we're waiting for Silium to be ready, let's cover some of the configuration that you see here in the demo. Most of the configuration I think is fairly self-explanatory, but there are a few configuration knobs here that I think it's worth covering. So routing mode, by default Silium uses a tunnel routing mode, so each node creates a tunnel overlay to other nodes and that's how pods are able to communicate to each other across the nodes. In this instance, we're not using tunnel mode, we're using native mode and instead of creating and managing those tunnels, Silium will go ahead and manage to the host's routing table and I'm going to show you here in just a minute what I'm talking about in more detail. The autodirect node routes, when these nodes share a common subnet, Silium has the ability through node discovery to learn about those pod subnets of the other nodes and then create routes on the host routing table to get reachability to those other pod ciders. We specify a native routing cider and so this instructs Silium, it says Silium when you see traffic within this cider, never masquerade the source IP. And so essentially saying we don't need to masquerade any of the traffic that goes within within the cluster. Instead of using IP tables for masquerading, we're going to use BPF and we're also going to replace Couproxy and use Silium for proxing services. So hey, take a look at it, Silium is up and running now and I want to show you something here, oops. Right, so I told you about that auto detection of pod ciders from other nodes and here's a perfect example of it. So when I go into the control plane node here, I'm looking at the routing table and I see that it now has a route to the 244.1 subnet or cider and you see that that 244.1 is actually the pod cider for the worker node and vice versa. When I go into the worker node, I see that Silium has added the pod cider route to the control planes pod cider. Okay, now that we've verified that Silium's up and running added the host routes, let's go ahead and run a sample workload and this is a curl client and an NGINX server that we'll be using for testing connectivity within the cluster and you see that the client and server pods are running and in these manifest, I used node selectors and easy mechanism to make sure that the client and the server pods are running on different nodes so that when we're testing connectivity, we're actually going between nodes. Let's go ahead and do that. Let's actually test connectivity here and we're going to go ahead and curl from the client to the server and you see that we got a 200 response so that's good to go. Now let's go ahead and now that we've tested pod to pod connectivity across the nodes, I'm going to go ahead and expose the server pod using a Kubernetes service and you see the service gets assigned a v6 but one of the key features that was added to services in Kubernetes for dual stack support are these two fields, so the family policy as well as the IP families. So the family policy indicates will this service get one or more IPs based on the defined IP families. So in our instance, it's a single stack, server gets a single IP address from the family that we specify which is IPv6. Now let's go ahead and test connectivity through the service and you see that works as well. So the next thing that we want to go ahead and test here is DNS resolution. So everything that we've been testing so far great pods on different nodes over a v6 only network, v6 address for pods, all right great we've got network connectivity working but what about DNS? Does DNS work? And so we're going to go ahead and do the same test but we're going to actually dive into the the curl request and response in more detail and you see that now the curl request is to the DNS name of that server service right and so we're using the well-defined naming structure within Kubernetes of the service name, the namespace of the service dot service and what you see is kubedns has resolved this name right and so kubedns has provided a quad A record to the client and kubedns has resolved that name to the service IP let's just verify here right so this is the service IP so we see that kubedns has properly resolved the the DNS name to the IPv6 of the service and the client goes ahead and issues the request after resolving you see the the headers that that are added to the HTTP request and we get a 200 response okay with the payload here so so far so good um next area I want to talk about is is Hubble so we've been looking and testing the network connectivity Hubble is a platform that is built on top of Silium and eBPF there's been mentions of it in in some of the talks earlier today but it allows a deep observability into the network communications across your Silium network and it does this in a very transparent manner since it uses eBPF and it's you know it doesn't impact the traffic a very minimal impact on the traffic so let's go ahead and enable Hubble and there's also an option if I enabled the UI as well but since we're going to be working from the command line I'm just enabling Hubble and we can see what's going on here and what's already happened is we've added Hubble relay to our Silium installation and so now we have a Hubble relay deployment and let's go ahead and port forward Hubble and I'm going to do that so that I can see some of the Hubble activity here when we create some traffic so let's go ahead and observe traffic from this council and let's jump down here and let's create some traffic that we can observe using Hubble so the server IP here you see that the request and response was received 200 okay and in Hubble here we see a bunch of information now so each of these lines is is a Hubble observability event and providing a bunch of context to us right a timestamp the source and the destination you see the details of the source and the destination as the namespace and the name of the pods along with source and destination ports and what is happening here with two network is that this is being observed as the request goes to the networking stack and it's being forwarded along with the TCP flags or if it's being sent to an endpoint itself and so we see the entire communication happening here with Hubble we see that the session gets created data is passed and then the session is closed and if we wanted to with Hubble too we can enable the translation false flag and you'll see that we get the same events but this time instead of displaying the source and destination namespace and pod we actually get those IPs so network policy is is a foundational feature of of Cillium right and it allows us to create network wide policy for our applications that run in our clusters and what I want to do to demonstrate network policy is I want to go ahead and create a second client let's make sure it's up and running it is and let's go ahead and test connectivity from the second client to our server great so we can confirm that from both clients we can access the server right but I want to go ahead and create a network policy here that ensures only the client and not client too can access my server and what you'll see here with the network policy is that it's using a label selector to apply the policy and it's using the labels app server which are applied our labels that I have for the server pods show labels we can verify this right so the server has an app server and the clients have their own labels app client app client too so you can see that we can create network policies without ever even having to specify IP addresses um and going back to the the specification of the network policy right so we talked about the endpoint selector you being used to attach this policy to endpoints that match these labels in our case that's the the server pod and then we specify the direction so it's ingress to that server pod and then we specify the source right again using labels and then the two ports right so in English language right this is saying traffic from app client to app server ingress on port 80 is allowed right so now if we go back and we go to client let's verify that the client can still access the server which it can and now let's do the same thing for client to and you see it's blocked but how do we know that it's blocked let's go back to our hub will relay let me kill that first and then let's port forward hub will again and let's observe the traffic and let's go ahead and uh get curl right so we're going to go ahead and go from uh client to to the server which again if our network policy is working the way that we expect it we should actually see and we're actually seeing some of it here already but let me go ahead and create some space let's go down here and we should see hub will tell us and there it is right and so Hubble is telling us hey that packet got forwarded to the network stack got intercepted by the ebpf policy that says deny this traffic and then it gets dropped last but not least wanted to touch on uh big tcp so big tcp is a feature that was added to the linux kernel and five dot 19 release and what it essentially allows uh the kernel to do is to batch a bunch of either receive or send packets together so that you have a larger payload becomes more efficient to use the network so if you're familiar with something like jumbo frames similar concept but the difference with jumbo frames is that you actually need that that's a layer two technology so every um every layer two interface on that path needs to be configured for jumbo frames whereas big tcp is a feature within the linux kernel that psyllium is able to take advantage of to increase the size of that payload and again make communication over the network much more efficient so let's take a look and see where we're at here let me go back to my main console and configure view so you'll see that it's disabled for v4 and v6 let's go ahead and enable or before we enable it you take a look and we are running a um a kernel version that will support big tcp and what we want to do is actually take a look at the nodes and you'll see that the nodes right now have a 64k gso max size essentially telling us this is the biggest size payload that you can send in a packet and we're going to go ahead and see using net perf what kind of performance we get when we run a net perf request response test between our client and server across the psyllium network okay you see that they are now up and running so let's go ahead and run the test really quick oops so while it's running again from the net perf client to the net perf server which is running on this ip address we're specifying the request response tcp test we're specifying the request and the response size payloads to be 80 000 kilobytes and then the output that we want to see is the minimum latency p99 p90 latency along with throughput so let's go ahead and let's save these results here all right so we see minimum latency so at 71 microseconds you know 90 percent of the request response were handled under 225 microseconds 99 percent p99 is 697 and a little over 6 000 transactions per second now let's enable big tcp for ipv6 within psyllium and so when we when we make this change we need to roll the psyllium data and set and while that's happening let's go ahead and one of the things we need to do is we need to delete the the net perf client and server in order for the larger gso size to take effect for those pods we we actually need to balance those pods all right so psyllium is back up and running let's go ahead and kill those pods and recreate them really quickly here all right they're back up and running now take a look at our gso max size it's no longer 64 k it's now at 192 k so let's go ahead and get so wide and let's run the test again because we bounced the client and server our server is going to have a new address we're still running the the same test asking for the same output and the same payload sizes as well so what we see here is we see we could run it a couple more times and we'll see different results but just generally a nice increase in throughput along with with latency really across the board improvements and that gives you a quick introduction to big tcp for ipv6 and just a general introduction of ipv6 for psyllium so i hope i hope you enjoyed and again feel free to to use this demo if you'd like


Ladies and gentlemen, please welcome the president and chief executive officer of Red Hat, Jim Whitehurst. I love that opening video. I have to say I'm so inspired. I almost don't want to speak. So I have to say this is really my favorite week of the year. It is every year. You know, our mission statement says that our mission is to be the catalyst in communities of customers, contributors, and partners building better technology the open source way. So you are all mentioned in our mission statement as part of what we want to do. And we try to live that every day, but most weeks it's theoretical. We don't see you. And so what I love about this week is it's a chance to see so many familiar faces and also every year so many new faces. It really makes it human. It makes it real. And so it truly is my favorite week of the year. I am so thrilled to be here and I'm so thrilled to have so many people here. So welcome to Boston. Welcome to the summit. If this is your return trip, it's fabulous to see you again. If this is your first time here, I hope you'll see that this is something special and something different from the traditional conference. So welcome. It's great to have you here in Boston. Sorry about the heat here this evening. It's apparently a glitch in the proprietary controller of the AC system. If it were open, I'd ask you for a little help, but I'm sure we'd have it fixed by now. Unfortunately, it's not the case. Is Thomas awesome or what? It's fantastic to have him. And he's inspired us to open a tattoo station as well in our booth. So if you really want to walk out with the Red Hat logo, come to the booth. I'm sure we can take care of you. Now, seriously, I think that shows the kind of passion and dedication so many people have for Red Hat and what we're doing. You know, again, this year we have record attendance way over the top. While Thomas was talking, I was backstage and I could see up top and people were still looking for seats. Hopefully we found room for everyone. We're literally exploding out of Heinz here, which is a phenomenal thing to see. Promise we'll have a bigger venue next year because we want you all back and we hope to continue to see this growth. I think it really is a statement about open source and the innovation we're seeing that we continue to see such record growth and participation in the things that we're doing together. You know, this really is our capstone event. It really is an opportunity for us to come together and share. We're excited to share what we've been up to over the last year and we're equally excited to hear about what you've been up to over the last year. So I really do hope you'll take this opportunity to reconnect with people you haven't seen in a while, but I'd also really want to make sure that you make some new connections. So please make the opportunity to make some connections to share because that's the point of what we're trying to do. That's the power of participation. This isn't something for you to come hear what we have to say. It really is about participating in it and jointly ending up with better answers together. To kick off the summit tonight, I want to back up and talk about why what we are all jointly doing is so important. And when I say it's so important, it's not just important to our own organizations or to IET more broadly, but I literally mean what we are striving to accomplish in technology, and I mean we, I mean all of you, really will impact the survival or failure of the companies with whom we work. We are in a sea change in how value is created in our economy. As we are coming to the dusk of the industrial revolution and the dawn of truly the information revolution, how organizations create value is radically changing. The traditional primary way that we've created value since the 1870s and really the dawn of the core industrial revolution has been about making things that were either cheaper or more standardized, more efficient than things that were made before. And the way we did it is we used scale. And so as a recovering ex-strategy consultant, I can tell you almost all companies' strategies are flavors of economies of scale or of positional advantage, and it was around assets, and assets were the primary means of production. And frankly labor, even calling labor, is a cue that it was just basically an input into organizations that were primarily run because of assets. But with the explosion of information technology, we've enabled the ability for information and analytics and knowledge to break free from their underlying physical assets, and that is causing a radical transformation in every aspect of business. I want to read you one quote very quickly because I think this sums it up well and we'll go from there. Tom Goodwin recently in TechCrunch wrote, Uber, the world's largest taxi company, owns no vehicles. Facebook, the world's most popular media owner, creates no content. Alibaba, the world's most valuable retailer, has no inventory. And Airbnb, the world's largest provider of accommodations, owns no real estate. Something interesting is happening. Something interesting is happening indeed is information rips loose from its underlying assets. We're seeing value chains come apart and value move from the owners of the assets to the people who can build, augment, and create new sources of information. Now, that's interesting in and of its own right, but where it gets complex is what that means and a world where information is the primary asset or certainly it's the source of value creation and physical assets are becoming much more the commodity that feeds into that. That means that innovation is determining how value will be created. If you recall several years ago at Summit, I talked a lot about how the ubiquity of compute network and storage as prices came down and standardization and commoditization that open source was driving was creating a platform on which unimaginable innovation would happen. That was just three years ago that I gave that speech up here on the opening night of Summit and it is happening so much faster than I could have ever possibly imagined. Technology is enabling change in vertical value chains, constructing companies at a pace almost unimaginable. IT's on the front line of that change and so I want to spend a few minutes tonight talking about what innovation, both in IT but more broadly the importance of innovation in companies in general mean for who's going to win and who's going to lose going forward. Let me give a couple examples to explain what I mean. Probably no industry, I think of the word I want to use here, no industry is iconic or most exemplifies, that was the word I was going to use, exemplifies the industrial revolution as does the auto industry. In many ways the industrial revolution and its pace was defined by the auto industry. Originally the Model T in the 1920s and early 30s defined mass manufacturing in a whole new way. Henry Ford and ultimately how our economy developed. There's been no other industry that has had such a major impact on our society during the industrial era. I mean deeply deeply so ultimately Henry Ford in the $5 work day created the middle class as we know it today. The ability of having ubiquitous transportation that was affordable for the middle class i.e. the Model T allowed for the development of the suburban kind of world in which so many of us live. So without a doubt the auto industry in many aspects defined the world we live in today. It also defined it in another aspect. Much of what we think of as the innovation and the management structures that we live in today were developed by the auto industry. So Taylorism, Science of Management, Alfred Sloan so much of the early work on how organizations were founded how decision rights were distributed how we actually orchestrate tens of thousands of people across multiple geographies were defined by and because of the auto industry as the first truly massive multi-divisional organizations. But recognize those organizations had a pretty different objective function than we are looking at today. These are organizations that were built to manage mass amounts of capital relatively unskilled labor doing relatively rote tasks. And they did a great job. We've developed management systems that run those types of organizations extraordinarily well. But let's back up and think about the auto industry today or I think more apt in today's world of information let's talk about personal transportation. Let me give you two facts. In the United States the average automobile is used 90 minutes a day. That's right 90 minutes. And depends on the study you read and believe me I read a bunch of them preparing for this the average there are somewhere between five and eight parking spaces for every car in the United States. Think about that. 90 minutes a day, five to eight parking spaces. Of course you need that many parking spaces because cars hardly ever driven. Now when you start thinking about the ability of information to impact that value chain certainly making a car 5% more cheaply which is what traditional structures were built to do certainly has value we don't like to pay 5% less for our cars. But when you think about attacking the transformation problem in the context of ubiquitous broadband information and analytics is it really about making the car 5% cheaper or is it figuring out how we take an asset that's used 10% or less of its time and a massive infrastructure to store them when they're not being driven and find ways to address that. So if you're Ford and I'm picking one, it could be GM pick your poison of the companies how do you think about what Uber's doing? Craig Mozilla talked about Uber before and talked about its innovation on the user front end. How do you think about what Zipcar's doing? These are companies that are trying to transform what manufacturing is. You know in addition not just the underlying system changing the car itself is becoming a pretty extraordinary modern technology marvel even the most basic car today has over 10 million lines of source code. To put that in context, that's more than the 787. By the way, did you know that the 787 has to be rebooted every 248 days because there's some bug they hadn't been able to figure out and if it goes over 256 you don't want to be on a plane that goes over. Seriously, I kid you not, it has to be rebooted. Talking about software development issue. But then you get luxury cars which once you include the nav and entertainment systems can have over 100 million lines of source code. So the car itself is becoming a technology product. So when you think about what does that mean to be an auto manufacturer? First off, yeah, you got to be technically savvy. You all get this. You need to be able to develop your capability to deliver a very high-tech product with tens of millions of lines of source code.  So who you are and what you are is going to have to change and the structures that got you here won't get you there. I love this quote and this is the reason I mentioned Ford a couple of times. This is from Mark Fields, the CEO of Ford. The car is becoming the ultimate technology product but more importantly, we are becoming more of an information company. And I think the second piece of this is what's really insightful. He recognizes that it's not about building a technology capability. It's about the fact that the whole organization and its capabilities need to change because the structure of the industry is changing around it because of information. Let me go through another couple of examples. I'll try to do these quickly. I love these examples so. But I'll try to do them quickly. It's not just the auto industry. If you look at aircraft manufacturing, another classic industrial industry, not quite as old as the airline industry, more like 75 years old. But the first 75-ish years of this industry were all about making aircraft that were lighter and therefore cheaper to make, cheaper to operate and more environmental. And aircraft have done an amazing job of that because it doesn't feel like it when you bought your tickets here. But air travel has become dramatically less expensive and much more environmentally efficient than it was 50 years ago. And there's just been amazing innovations happening in the functional components of an aircraft. But again, technology is upending how competition is happening in the industry. The average 787 flight generates a half a terabyte of data per flight, per flight. GE's next gen aircraft engines can measure and capture 5,000 data points on the performance of that engine per second. Now if you think about what that means to an airline, an operator of that aircraft in terms of when there might be a failure, in terms of safety, in terms of how you can manage a performance, that's huge. But if you're GE, you sell engines. But if the value is in this information, what do you do, right? And ultimately, it has completely transformed the relationship between airline and part maker to an aircraft where GE is now profiling power by the hour and asked to have a deep, deeply embedded relationship to deeply understand their customers' business in order to be able to add the value that they strive to add from this data that they are collecting. That requires, again, not only the capability to build a technically sophisticated product, it requires the capability to do deep, fundamental business model transformation from how the dollars flow and the whole finance function to sales and marketing and how you interact with customers and how deeply you understand your customers' businesses. Let me go through one more non-industrial example. This is one of my favorite brands in the world and those of you who know me, you know, I drink a lot of Espresso's a day. Starbucks exploded on the scene a couple of decades ago by recognizing that the coffee shop wasn't just about coffee. It was about an extraordinary experience, right? It's a great cup of coffee but an extraordinary experience and it's now one of the largest food service companies in the world. But for a company like Starbucks, continuing to maintain that position of momentum requires that they continue to rethink and hone their experience to continue to exceed their customers' expectations. Now you might ask, how is coffee going to become a high-tech product? If you didn't ask too bad because I'm going to tell you anyway. I'm a geek, I love this stuff. So first off, I don't know if you've heard of the Clover Brewing Machine. So Starbucks is rolling out something called the Clover Brewing Machine which is a very high-tech way to make a cup of coffee where you can control variables from the size of the grounds when they're injected into the water, water at various temperatures, how long it's ultimately brewed, and then how it's extracted. So you can minutely, ultimately with those variables, literally create millions of different variations of coffee. And unfortunately they don't have one at the Starbucks close by here, I did check. They have one close to in Raleigh next to our headquarters but they don't have one here. I'm sure Boston won't be that far behind.  But seriously, they're in the majority of Starbucks now. They make an extraordinary cup of coffee. But importantly, not only can they micromanage and segment down to millions of different varieties or tastes that the coffee can take, they're connected to the internet. And while Starbucks today doesn't do it, they have the possibility of being able to store minute or information on customers minute slight changes in preferences for a cup of coffee. It goes beyond that. There's certain things you would expect Starbucks to do. So Starbucks was working directly with AT&T on how to make the Wi-Fi experience better, faster, more able to handle multiple people. And they have over 10 million people using their mobile applications. But they've even gone beyond those basics, the things that you might think sound a little crazy. Like they become very involved in wireless charging, right? They're working with one of the consortia to do wireless charging on four cell phones. And they're working with Apple on their iBeacon technology, which is basically a very near-field way to tell where someone is. So the promise-longer term, I'm sure after you let them or agree to let them do this, they can track when you're coming near a Starbucks and combine that with knowing your preferences. It's possible in the not-too-distant future by the time you get up to pay, your cup of coffee is already ready exactly down to tailor to your needs. Now, the reason... God, I got to be clapping for that, all right. Somebody else is into coffee as me. I love it. Now, I love this story really for two reasons. One is the fact that they're working on most of these things with partners, right? And one of the points I'll get to later on is it's hard to innovate in a silo anymore. So whether it's AT&T on Wi-Fi or Apple on iBeacon or one of the two consortia on wireless charging, they recognize that they have to work cross boundaries to offer great solutions. And the second one is they try a lot of stuff. And you know what? Not all of it's going to work. I think that is a great example because most companies' failures are a bad thing. You don't try stuff and you certainly don't try stuff all the way out to your customers unless you're sure it's going to work. And that hinders innovation, right? Experimentation in small failures and learning from those and continuing to iterate forward are the essence of how we're going to innovate going forward. And the fact that Starbucks gets it, I think it's a great thing to see. And it's something that's hard for traditional companies, but every company's going to learn how to experiment. They're going to have to accept failure and learn how to experiment directly with their customers. And I'll come back in a minute and talk about that. Now, I've talked about three what I think almost anybody would say are truly iconic brands leading companies who really kind of get it. Was that the air conditioning that I just heard come on? Seriously, I just heard that rumble? Yes. All right. Hopefully that's the air conditioning. We'll be cool by the time I'm done. But for most companies that maybe aren't quite as leading, this disruption is a huge threat. It's a huge opportunity, but it's a huge threat. And so for all of us, recognizing that as assets and information pull apart, you can no longer rest on the laurels of I got a big balance sheet or I've always done that. Membership in the S&P 500 has never been more volatile. Big companies fail. Big companies fall away now because you can't, you can no longer rest on your assets as your source of advantage. And it's getting even messier. There was a recent PWC report, the survey of CEOs. 61% said that they expected to compete in industries that they're not even in today within the next three years. Think about that. Most of that's information related. I have this information. I can now enter that segment. So value chains are colliding. Business is getting dramatically harder. And so companies have to build the systemic capacity to innovate and to be agile or they're going to fail. So what does 21st century innovation look like? It's kind of talked about the fact that we need to build this capability. What does it look like? Well, in a world where software is eating the world, Mark Andreessen, I guess I don't know if I have to give him attribute, but Mark Andreessen said software eats the world. And we know now that innovation is not just about the product. And we know it can't be bought. We have to build that capability. I think actually technology has a lot to say about it. We've been on the bleeding edge in many ways on how to innovate in a different way. DevOps, we've all been talking a lot about DevOps. I've been fascinated to watch DevOps, not just because Red Hat has a strong opinion around DevOps, but I think DevOps and the principles around it, not the technologies, but the mindset, culture processes around it, are extensible far beyond technology, more broadly into all aspects of corporations. How do you build an organization that's truly built for change, for innovation, for creativity? So thinking about our learnings around DevOps, but really importantly our learnings of over 20 years of involvement and open source, I would propose some key things that I think we're gonna see in 21st century innovation. First off, it's gonna be decentralized. Now that it's no longer product innovation, innovation's not gonna be centralized in one organization. It's not, I'm gonna throw money at R&D. It's gotta cut across the company because so much of what we're seeing actually in innovation is innovations in how we engage with our customers, how we use information to serve them better, how do we make solutions out of products for our customers. Central planning and hierarchy do not do a good job of doing that. We need ideas bubbling up, right? We need ideas bubbling up and we need the best ideas to be identified and fostered. Others called, so ultimately the best ideas win. So building the capability to innovate in a decentralized way, I will argue it's gonna be critical to the success of any company. Second, it's going to be more open and collaborative. It won't just be within corporate boundaries. As I talked about value chains colliding and vertical industry structures becoming horizontal, I know that sounds very consulting speak, right? But think about Uber, right? They've inserted themselves horizontally between people who want rides and people who are providing transportation or Airbnb between people who want a place to stay and people who are willing to give them a place to stay. And in those horizontal layers, when they work their way in, your ability to innovate on either side of those gets to be important. And importantly, for any company recognizing that vertical structures are becoming horizontal, in order to provide solutions, you'll have to find ways to be more open and more collaborative across your value chain. You'll have to learn that giving up ownership of the total idea is going to be critical in order to create the best solutions across a whole set of players that could be involved in a horizontal solution. We're also finding, and I think most of you who've been involved in Open Source or DevOps would agree with this, that as soon as you make open, more collaborative kind of environments for innovation to happen, that it happens in a very fast-paced and modular way, right? People experiment more. There's small failures. But that's how we build, ultimately, the few ideas that are called that become the great ideas that become the massive businesses. I've mentioned before Starbucks. I think it's just done a great job of that. They're unapologetic about trying things and trying a lot of things with their customers. And if some fail, that's okay, because that's how you learn. All organizations are going to have to build that capability. Finally, openness allows for co-creation, and in particular, co-creation with users. In years past, I've talked about the importance of user-driven innovation in open source, right? To me, that is the core power of open source, and we ultimately directly talk about lack of vendor lock-in and all the other things that I think we can ultimately provide because of open source. But the real power is the fact that users are involved in driving their own technology roadmaps. And last year, I talked a lot at the summit about the reason open source has gone from being kind of commoditizing technology to really leading innovation. It's because leading companies are now driving their own roadmaps in open source. And so the reason everything in big data that's kind of new and innovative or almost everything is happening in open source, the reason almost everything we're seeing in cloud and mobile are happening in open source is because users are driving innovation. And so for companies, thinking about how to co-create with users is going to be critical to their own success. Now internally, for many of you, and I've had conversations with a number of you in the room already over the last day, in a DevOps context, how you work with your end users to co-create and involve them is a cultural mindset change that IT departments need to go through. But it extends beyond IT. It really extends to every aspect of businesses. So what's the big deal here? Why spend so much time on it? The simple reason is because it's really, really, really hard. For organizations, change like this is literally a change in mindset. You have to have a mindset where you're willing to seek control and accept failure. It's a change in culture. Drucker said culture eats strategy for breakfast. It requires building processes that were built with agility and innovation in mind, not necessarily purely for efficiency. And it's technology that's built for change. It's open, modular technology that allows for rapid change. And those are radically different than the way traditional organizations are built. And again, you can think about this at a technology level in traditional technology stacks, but you can think about it all the way up to organizational structures and how organizations are wired to succeed. It is a radical change. IT's on the front line of this, but these are changes that go beyond just DevOps. I'd say just because it's a major difficult thing. It's going to impact every aspect of every company. Now, in years past, I think in the last two summits, I've put up a slide that shows some of the leading web 2.0 companies and their affinity for open source and why they invest in open source and how they see it as strategic to them. I'm actually excited this year to put up a different set of companies. These are leading brands. These are leading companies. These are known as some of the best companies in the world in their respective industries. They're starting to get it, too. This doesn't necessarily talk about open source software. This is their understanding that being open and how they innovate, how they work with users to co-create is going to be critical to their success. The principles that we've been applying in technology for a long time, it's not just that technology is leafing out of the data center. The culture and mindset is starting to leap out of the data center to impact the very core of companies and their capabilities and ultimately their strategies and their ability to create value. Let me bring that full circle back to what we're trying to accomplish here over the next few days and what Red Hat broadly is trying to accomplish. I think it comes through when you hear from Thomas earlier or from anyone you've talked to at Red Hat, we truly are passionate about the power of participation, about getting users involved, about solving problems in an open, transparent way. Our mission statement, the first words of it are to be the catalyst in communities. This is a great event to do that. Our whole mission is to catalyze communities to move forward. And over the next few days, I hope that'll come through. We're excited about technologies we've been working on, but we're really excited to hear about what you're doing and what we can do together to partner with you to drive the next generation of innovation. So specifically, you'll hear a lot about our product. So one of the core things that we work to do is to take the amazing innovation that's happening in open source and create both stable community and enterprise additions of phenomenal open source projects. And you'll hear a lot about specifics of what we're doing here. There's so much interesting happening here that, as we often talk about, it's a target-rich environment. There are so many more things we'd love to commercialize, but to do our model well, we need to focus on a few things. And these are some of those. And you'll hear a lot more about them over the next few days. But our value proposition goes deeper than just creating enterprise software from open source. We're opinionated. Because we're involved in hundreds of open source projects and the leaders in many of those projects, we have an opportunity to see an extraordinary amount of innovation that's happening out there. But as an enterprise technology company, we also hear every day about the pain points that our customers feel. And a big part of what we're looking to do is ensure that we are bringing the right and the best open innovation, open source technologies to meet your needs. And one of the things you'll hear a lot about tomorrow in Paul's keynote is you'll hear us talking more and more about bundles of those technologies or platforms of those technologies where we take components of these, put them together in a way to make them easily consumable in a safe, secure way. And so you'll hear a lot more about that tomorrow. I don't want to steal Paul's thunder.  So I won't steal his thunder tomorrow. We also hope that we can be a conduit for you to contribute. We talk about, we're passionate about participation and that means getting customers, contributors and partners all contributing. One of the things that's frankly a disappointment to me is more and more as open source becomes innovative and more companies want to get involved. I hear from CIOs, hey, I went through the whole process. I got my legal department to sign off. I can now contribute. But nobody wants to listen to us. How do we get involved? How do we get involved in this open source community? I think Paul has a good expression that he says a lot, which is absolutely true, is there is no open source community. There are thousands of open source communities and they each have their own culture. They each have their own norms, ways of working, personalities. And breaking in isn't easy. And we hope that you will see us as a way to participate in these communities to help get you going in those. You will hear over the next couple of days presentations from Amadeus, Barclays and Cisco about their contributions and participations in a set of upstream communities that ultimately become Red Hat products. It's a great way for them to drive their own needs, upstream, drive their own agenda, but still be able to consume enterprise grade stable open source technologies. Another example, about a year and a half ago we bought a company called Manage IQ and we've open sourced that technology and we have now the Manage IQ Foundation. And there's some great technology companies involved in that which is great. But I was really interested to see BBVA, Auto Trader and Booz Allen Hamilton are also upstream members of those communities. And I've had a chance to chat with them about their interests and they literally have things that they want to see on their roadmap and they would rather directly drive them by dedicating resources and driving them into their roadmaps. Those are phenomenal stories but just the ability of these companies to be able to manage their own destiny, drive their own technology roadmaps is extraordinary and everyone benefits from that. Certainly they benefit, frankly their competitors might benefit but that's the power of open source. In the end, everyone is better off. Finally, we hope we can be a catalyst for you as you look to change. So we've been doing open source for 20 years. We've been all in on DevOps and many of the at least culture and mindset principles are quite similar. And so as you think about the change we can certainly talk about technology and you'll hear a lot about our technology stack and how we can enable DevOps and OpenShift and we talk a lot about the technology side but we hope we can also be a partner to you, we aspire to be a partner to you as you think about the culture and mind shift and process changes, mindset and process changes that you need to make really be successful in that journey. We've been doing it for a long time and as you know, if we have anything we think it's valuable to share we absolutely do share it. All right now, for those of you who have been at summits past I'm kind of known to always give a history lesson at some point in the summit, right? And so far I haven't done my history lesson but don't worry, I do have my history lesson here. So let me tell you the story and then let me tell you why I think it's particularly relevant this year and what we see in open source. So in 1783, Catherine the Great, Zarina of Russia took a trip to what was then called New Russia. Now, New Russia is now what we think of as Crimea. It was recently annexed, this was in 1783 it was annexed, I guess it's happened more than once. And the governor of that area was a guy named Grigory Potemkin. Now he had a little bit of complexity and 10 years before he was also Catherine the Great's lover. So he had high expectations he was trying to meet here and so she's coming to visit the region and frankly it was horribly poor with peasants really living in poverty. He didn't want to show that to this arena so he had fake villages built, village facades built. So when she would ride through the villages she would see these ideal like beautiful villages that didn't really exist. And so I'm sure many of you are familiar with the term Potemkin Village, right? It's come down in history as an expression to describe any false front that's used to hide a lack of content. So why do I bring up the story of Potemkin villages? Well, as open source becomes more mainstream and is considered more and more innovative a lot of people are jumping on, right? A lot of people want to be involved in open source and I want to be the first to say we applaud anyone being involved in open source, anyone contributing code helping in any way possible. But we believe deeply passionately that the power of open source is around the power of participation. It's about users. It's about the best ideas winning and that requires broad participation. You know, Red Hat has been participating for 20 years in hundreds of open source projects and the projects that we're involved in frankly most of them we didn't start. We got excited about them, they were started by users, we thought they were great technologies and we've got involved and we participate and we're proud of what we've done. Beware of projects that are, open source and license only, projects that have one major contributor where one contributor produces 90% of the code and calls it open source. Beware of projects that have governance structures that aren't free and open where meritocracy is not allowed to truly drive decisions in those projects. Open source truly has the power to accelerate innovation, to change the way software is built and consumed but it's not about the license, it's about the participation. We're all in on the power of participation, we're open in everything we do, we truly do look to get involved and deliver projects that have massive user participation. We focus on the best architectures of participation. Now, to wrap up, open source I think has clearly taught us all that the best ideas rarely happen from the top. They generally simmer and bubble from users. I think a great example, Docker, there is now a company Docker, but Docker started off as a user in a PaaS environment and that tool then took off. The best ideas generally come from users who are solving a problem. So as we all march forward together as software eats the world, you are on the vanguard of that bubbling of innovation.  Our decisions will define broadly the success and failure of industry structures over the next few years. Now, I know that sounds like a lot of pressure so you better decide the right technologies, but luckily you're not in this alone, right? I think it's important to recognize and we stand here as well. We're not here telling you how technology is going to unfold because no organization can predict the future of technology, but I'm convinced a coalition of us can build it. We will build it. I hope you do make connections. I hope you help build the coalition that's going to define the next generation of technology. Together we truly can be the disruptors and that's what the summit's about. It's a chance for us to get together to learn from each other and help jointly define our ultimate technology roadmaps in our futures. I hope you really find the summit to be a place where you meet people. I hope you find it useful and exciting. I hope you make some new connections. Welcome to Boston. I'm thrilled to kick off the summit. I look forward to seeing you over the next few days. Thank you.


Well, we expect that the areas of improvement will really be in the key metropoles. So we expect that we will see growth in terms of new developments in these areas, given the housing shortage and the high demand. From a market segment perspective, we are expecting that the affordable housing market will continue to grow, given that the supply of houses have been quite constrained in this sector in the past. So we expect a lot of the robust growth to come from the affordable housing sector. It's still a big need for us in South Africa to ensure that everybody can afford their own homes. So we expect to see a lot of growth in this area as well.


Welcome to Nursing School Explained, and this video on cholelithiasis and cholecystitis. If we look at the terminology here, so usually chole refers to cholesterol or relating to bile, and then lith is a stone where cholecystitis means in reference to the gallbladder itself. So the cyst is the actual bladder itself. And let's look here a quick review of the anatomy and physiology. So we have several digestive organs that work together in helping us break down foods.  The gallbladder is kind of hidden behind the liver here, and then through the common bile duct empties its contents, which is bile, into the small intestine. And then the pancreas here is also closely related, and the pancreas releases digestive enzymes as well as insulin and glucagon to help us with our blood sugar regulation. But in terms of digestion, the pancreas is in charge of releasing the enzymes that help us break down proteins, fats and carbohydrates. And the best explanation I've ever heard for the function of the gallbladder is if you imagine a pan that you've just used and you've cooked something fatty, and then you are ready to wash it. So you put water in the pan, and the fat will usually swim on the top. If you squirt a couple of drops of soap in there, dishwash soap or whatever soap you have, instantly that fat will kind of dissolve. And that's kind of what the function of the gallbladder does. It helps us to break down fats mostly through the secretion of bile. Now when they are, when it's not functioning, then certainly it can cause certain signs and symptoms and have to do with digestion. And risk factors for either gallstones as well as gallbladder disease are the four Fs. So females are at a higher risk who are fertile, so usually young females in or around their 40s, and then fat meaning a high fat diet and also kind of having a lot of other post-tissues. Those are risk factors here. As well as being on oral contraceptive pills, these actually increase the cholesterol production and therefore can lead to cholestitis and choleletitis. And in terms of the pathophysiology here, so to develop gallstones, there's an altered balance of bile salts and calcium, which leads to increase cholesterol in the system. And then that cholesterol forms stones in the gallbladder that then can obstruct this common bile duct over here. Now when it's obstructed then the bile cannot be released into the small intestine and then things back up which make the gallbladder inflamed leading to cholestitis. And overall the gallstones also cause a change in the composition of the bile, which then makes the stones more likely to recur. So once you find gallstones, unfortunately you're more likely to develop them again. And then for cholestitis, so the actual inflamed gallbladder, other risk factors include immobility, prolonged periods of fasting, as well as patients who are on TPA for prolonged periods of time and diabetes. And once the gallbladder becomes inflamed, it is again more likely to recur and then it becomes scarred, which decreases the function because the scarred organ just can't function the way it usually would. And then again the patient is usually more likely to develop gallstones or gallbladder disease again in the future. And for signs and symptoms, there is a term called a biliary colic, which is basically meaning that the bile can't be released from the gallbladder, which causes a spasm, which causes severe pain, that will be the sign and symptom that the patient will present with. Certainly it causes right upper quadrant pain, right above the liver and gallbladder here, that radiates to the flank, or it can also radiate to the shoulder or the shoulder blade. So there is a pretty common symptoms here. The patient also might present with dark colored urine, and that is because now we can't release the bile during normal digestion through the digestive tract, but it's now being attempted to be released through the urinary system, and therefore we see that bilirubin in the urine. So the kidney is filtering out that bilirubin. Patients with color cystitis might have fever and chills from this inflammation and maybe even infection of the gallbladder, certainly as with any abdominal complaint that might be nausea and vomiting. And jaundice, if we build up the bilirubin in the body, jaundice is what will occur. Now for complications so that inflamed gallbladder can turn gangrene or necrotic, it can form an abscess, it can lead to further inflammation of the other organs here, including the pancreas, which is pretty significant, it can lead to biliary cirrhosis, it can lead to fistulas, which are abnormal openings between two organs that are not supposed to be there, and it can rupture. If it gets so inflamed, maybe gangrene is in necrotic, then it can rupture, and so all the contents that would usually be sitting in that gallbladder now spill into the abdominal cavity causing peritonitis, and we know that peritonitis can further lead to sepsis and septic shock if it's not called early or not treated appropriately. In terms of diagnostic tests, an abdominal ultrasound is usually the preferred method to evaluate these abdominal organs to see what the cause is of the pain. Certainly we'll need a CBC to look at the patients overall white count and HNH and so forth. And the CMP will be specifically interested in electrolytes as well as liver function and bilirubin levels, and then amylase and lipase are usually drawn with any abdominal pain because we don't know if it's also affecting the pancreas or maybe it's referred pain from the pancreas that the patient is feeling in that right upper quadrant. And then there is a diagnostic procedure called ERCP, which is quite a mouthful endoscopic retrograde chole angiopancreatography. So endoscopic meaning with a scope through the mouth, the performing provider will move that scope all the way into the digestive tract so they can visualize the gallbladder and the pancreas and all these ducts that here work together specifically the common bile duct. And this is a nice diagnostic test because they can diagnose, they can also remove stones during the procedure, they can dilate any strictures or narrowings that might be going on, they can biopsy if there is a suspicion or they can place a stint which then will help to open up the common bile duct or whatever the stricture or the obstruction is and therefore help the gallbladder empties contents into the digestive tract. And then there is another procedure called the procutaneous trans hepatic chole angiography, so that procutaneous meaning through the skin and through the liver to the gallbladder and then visualizing it so there's there's a needle inserted into the gallbladder and bile can be removed in contrast can be injected to detect any filling of the ducts and see where this obstruction might be occurring or what really the cause is of the patient's acute symptoms. In terms of treatment if it's just gallstones there are medications that can dissolve the stones. These are not usually commonly used because the laparoscopic colisectomy is a pretty low risk procedure that is very curative of the stones and like we discussed earlier if the patient has had gallstones or gallbladder inflammation in the past they are very likely to get the same condition again so a lot of times the treatment for either one of them is the laparoscopic colisectomy and if it's just gallstones and it might be the first occurrence the patient might have this ERCP where they take a look a closer look to see what's going on with the gallbladder. And then for colisocytus it can be very very painful condition antibiotics are indicated if there's an infection or an abscess clearly pain management is important there and then we need to treat any fluid and electrolyte imbalances that occur from maybe vomiting, diarrhea, unable to keep fluids down and then we need to give the patient anti-immanics until something more concrete can be done about the stones or the gallbladder itself. And the laparoscopic colisectomy like I already mentioned is a very commonly used procedure where they usually have two or three to four different insertion sites and then with the use of a scope the gallbladder can be removed fairly quickly and uneventfully and because it's the laparoscopically there's not so much scar tissue to deal with for healing immediately but also going down the road or down the line from scar tissue formation and the tissues and any of those complications that can occur. As for nursing care when we encounter a patient who just has maybe that first episode of a gallstone we won't certainly encourage them to decrease the fat in their diet as well as eat small frequent meals and lose weight because all of these three are related to obesity and animal fats in particular produce or are the delivery mechanism for cholesterol and so the more cholesterol there is in our diet the more these stones these cholesterol stones can build and then leading to the stones and maybe even the inflamed gallbladder. So always you know we should always be encouraging our patients to eat a healthy diet that is low in cholesterol and low in animal products and animal fats because of the associated risks and that does not only apply to their digestive or gallbladder issues that applies for overall health the cardiovascular health in terms of arthrosclerosis as well as just overall well-being and if they have a healthy weight they're going to be overall have much less risks for other more severe kind of chronic medical issues. If the patient undergoes a laparoscopic callous estectomy we want to like in any post-op patient encourage a clear liquid and then advance as indicated and as the patient can tolerate it and then they should adhere to a low fat diet for four to six weeks while the gallbladder recovers and then thereafter we need to include and teach them to eat a healthy diet high in vegetables, greens, source good sources of fiber, whole grains and all those things that we know are not just good for the digestive system but for our overall health and overall well-being. So thank you for watching this video on choline lethiasis and choline cystitis. Please also watch the other videos on pancreatitis as well as cirrhosis and peritonitis where I go into more details about those disorders. Thanks for watching Nursing School Explains see you soon.