Hey everybody and welcome to our next North East Cambridge AAP session. I hope you're all okay tonight, we've been having some technical issues so I'm sure that we'll get through it okay. This is the sixth of our eight series of topics for the consultation for a North East Area Cambridge Action Plan. And we've got a panel tonight for you talking about design and density. I'll pick up on some housekeeping topics afterwards. Just to let you know the format of the evening, we're going to do a little presentation for you with colleagues and then there'll be a chance for you to ask some questions. We've had some pre kind of inputted questions already so we'll kind of pick up on those as well. When we don't have enough time to answer them, we'll be available on the website and we'll put answers on there over the next few days. And as usual caveat with some of this stuff, it is a live digital event so this is a busy time of the evening. If people do drop out, please bear with us because we will be trying to kind of tag team and answer questions where we can. We do know some people's bands which does tend to drop out. So what I'm going to do is I'm going to introduce or going to let the team introduce themselves and go around the panel and then we'll pick up on some housekeeping issues. So if I can ask firstly John to introduce himself. Yes, hello. Good evening. I'm Jonathan Brooks. I'm Principal Urban Designer in the Greater Cambridge Shared Planning Service. And I've been working on the Northeast Cambridge Area Action Plan for quite a significant amount of time looking at design and kind of character and the kind of place we want to create. Thanks John. Sarah. Hello everybody. I'm Sarah Chubb. I'm a Principal Urban Designer also at Greater Cambridge Shared Planning Service. And I've also been working on the Northeast Area Action Plan in the background on some design related areas. Thanks Sarah. Hannah. Hi everybody. I'm Hannah Loftus. I'm Special Projects Officer at the Greater Cambridge Shared Planning Service as well. I work mainly on the community engagement and communication side of things. So we've been involved with really spreading the world about the webinars and you know developing kind of some of the vision and so forth with the community. Thanks Hannah. We've also got my colleague Terry DeSousa here. He's not actually visible at the moment because I think he is initially having some technical issues but he's one of our principal policy planners and hopefully he'll be available by the time we get to the question and answer session. And obviously this isn't just us. We've got a really good team working behind the scenes to make sure that we've got this webinar coming to you reasonably expedited. So what I want to do is just touch on a couple of housekeeping issues. The session's being recorded. So it'll be available on both the City Council and South Cambridge District Council websites, YouTube channels and social media after the session for those who can't make it. And you all as in the attendees not us the panel you're all invisible which is quite strange because I feel like I'm just talking to my colleagues. So you know you're not in view so you know feel free to you know say what you need to say. And, and you can also post anonymously or you can choose to leave your name it hasn't got a chat function we've got a question and answer at the bottom so we'll see that as we go through the, as we go through the presentations. I think that's pretty much it I've realized I forgot to introduce myself so my name is Paul Frainer and I'm the Assistant Director for strategy and economy within the great Cambridge shared planning service. And, and now what I'm going to do is hand over to Hannah Loftus who's going to take us through the presentation. And then we can ask some questions on please. Thanks Paul. So I think Joe is going to share the slides. We just thought we'd give you a quick run through because we know that some people are more familiar than others with the kind of context for the area action plan. As everybody I'm sure is aware you know it is a really significant project for greater Cambridge as a whole. It's 182 hectares of brownfield land in an amazing area for transport accessibility, which I know will be appearing on your screen shortly. And, you know, it is really a once a generation opportunity we feel to create a really special part of Cambridge a really special part of the city and also meet some of the pressing needs of our communities as well. So, one of the things that is obviously the driver for the area action plan, Joe, sorry is that coming up the slide because I just wanted to be able to point to things on the map. Well, one of the drivers is that the site isn't all owned by one person. And it's owned by a series of landowners so we really need an area action plan as a planning framework to help us to help us shape the vision and bring all the landers along with us to a shared vision for the area. The complicated areas as people know it has the current. Oh, here we are brilliant. Thank you. It has the current Anglian water wastewater treatment plant. And the idea is that that will be moved and as I'm sure you're aware there's a consultation that they're running at the moment as to where that may get moved to. And it really is a strategically important location, but it is also about local communities. Some of the communities around North East Cambridge are some of the most deprived in our area. There's a kind of levelling up agenda here as well about saying, well, it's got to work, not only strategically for us, but also for local communities. Next please. So yes, so area action plan very quickly is sort of equivalent in status really to a local plan. So it's a very significant document and it goes with a very extensive evidence base of studies and topic papers which you can read on our website. This is through the same examination process as a local plan would do with an independent planning inspector. So this isn't a plan that will get adopted next month or even probably next year is a quite lengthy process, but it is all the more weighty and kind of important for that because of course the more, more significant the plan essentially the more thorough of the process it needs to go through. Next please. So this is the vision that we are consulting on during this consultation. And as you can say it really is around this idea of what is a 21st century low carbon city district that it's got to be bulkable that it's got to have this really genuine mix of uses so everything that you want is on your doorstep and it's also got to be integrated with surrounding neighborhoods so that it's not a kind of an inward facing place it's very much an outward facing place that engages with its surroundings. Just a few headline figures. So at the moment there are 15,000 jobs across the science park business parks and the industrial areas but only three homes in fact within the AP boundary which is kind of amazing so there's a clear opportunity here to get more homes in a place where there are already lots of jobs and we're also looking at adding and intensifying that employment use here too because it's so accessible by all forms of transport. So it is 8,000 homes which we estimate will provide homes for about 18,000 people. The target is that 40% of those will be genuinely affordable. And that's kind of unpacked a bit more in terms of what that means we actually did a webinar on housing the other week which you can have a look at but essentially that's social rented homes, council rented homes as well as shared ownership and other sort of intermediate types of affordable housing. And there's a huge amount of green space and public open space that will come alongside that 10 hectares of kind of major public parks and squares and that doesn't even count the smaller neighborhood spaces and also the retained spaces as nearly nine hectares of retained green space that already exists on the site that are going to be protected and enhanced as part of this. Next please. Onto the theme of today's webinar, you know, it is very much a place making in a design led plan. This has been the important part of this from the outset it's not starting from a position of numbers and so forth it's starting from a position of what kind of district is it possible to make what's its identity, what's its character, and how can that contribute positively to Cambridge as a whole. And it is a really ambitious plan and I'm sure John and Sarah will talk about this a bit more because, you know, I think it is. It is stepping beyond some of the things that have been done in the city to date it is obviously bigger than a lot of the other development sites that we've had come up over recent years, and it is more ambitious in terms of pushing what design really means. What does it mean to design a place where the car isn't king, where people and walking and cycling and green space are really you know some of the key drivers here. Next please. Something we do talk about in the team is that all the buildings we all love now from the past were all new once and really we want to be building the heritage of the future we want to be creating spaces that your children and grandchildren, great grandchildren will be really proud of in years to come. So it is about saying that this proud tradition about standing architecture must continue at northeast Cambridge. Cambridge has this incredible reputation nationally and sometimes when I talk to colleagues in other authorities in another area is they are so jealous that we get to work in Cambridge with all these fantastic projects that we get to work on in terms of their design quality. So it is about meeting that high bar as far as we possibly can, and then putting in place the policies that support that. There are a few policies which you can comment on in the draft area action plan, which specifically deal with design. So policy six sets out the overall kind of place making vision here and shows and it says how we expect developers to demonstrate how they've responded to Cambridge itself and to the qualities of Cambridge as a place in developing their design. So that's a really kind of clear expectation that we're not assuming that developers will have done it we're saying to them. You need to show us and tell us and take that take us through that story about how you have looked at your context for your project and develop something in response to that. It also goes through some of the really kind of important principles about natural surveillance and active funtages and safe spaces. As well as also saying we want to use a quality review panel to help us assess what good design means in northeast Cambridge so that's a panel that there are several design panels in the area but the basic principle is that we use the quality review panel of experts of other designers and architects as a kind of peer review system to say well actually is this meeting our aspirations and how could it be made better. As I mentioned mix of uses is really key. And again this is something that is a little bit different from some of the kind of developments that you might be familiar with because it is about saying homes and workplaces shop schools even some industrial activity can coexist really happily. This is an image from the typology study which is actually a really great document for those of you interested in design and so forth. And that's on our website as well in the document library, which is showing how you know schools don't have to look just the same as a kind of school in a sea of playing fields actually you can have really inventive design solutions that use the space really well create that active mix of uses mean that there aren't spaces that are just used nine to five and then a dead for the rest of the time. And it is also about making the district more sustainable. Legible streets and spaces is key and again the policy that's all about how streetscape design is working and I thought we'd take you through this in a little bit more detail because I think it's one of the things that we hope will make northeast Cambridge really special. It's not only that the network is really legible so it's easy to navigate you don't get lost. You don't need a map to get around you can kind of tell where you're going very naturally that the street furniture the lighting and signage and so forth is really great. That of course it's inclusive to people who have different mobility needs and all of that. And of course that trees street trees we just know how important they are, not just from a design perspective but also from a climate change perspective. But it is also about saying we take a really different approach so the primary streets where vehicle traffic will have through routes are one type of street but most of the streets will be what we're calling secondary streets, which are absolutely designed around people and cyclists first and most of them won't be through routes so they are pushing home this message that this is people first and cause. Well not even second but definitely down the user hierarchy. So these are just a few images that we put together to demonstrate some of the principles of the streets and design terms. The primary streets will have segregated pedestrian and cycle routes are separate from the vehicle traffic. That makes them really safe because these will be the through routes for buses and for deliveries and other vehicle movement. But even so they're going to be great places. They will incorporate trees they will incorporate sustainable urban drainage features which is also obviously a green feature. And they will also incorporate areas for the ground floor activities of shops and cafes and so forth to spill out. All of the streets will be designed to design speed that's below 20 miles per hour as well. Next. So what most of our team get really excited about are the secondary streets where we're taking what's known in the continent as a kind of won't approach to streetscape that basically means that you're naturally slowing down all of the vehicle traffic to nearly walking speed through the way that the street is designed. And that means that you suddenly create space for informal play for socializing for all sorts of other things to happen in the street to make that a really active and lively community center. So you can see some of the kind of principles here that you could have doorstep play that you have lots of cycle parking. You will have blue badge parking if you're blue badge holder, but other people won't be able to park at their front door because that's part of trying to make these really car free streets. So, you know, we're really excited about this and the next slide which show me just move on shows just a couple of examples of how this works in other places. And you can see the kind of really different sort of streetscape that can be created. It's not banning cars cars can still come if they're needed if you've got a good reason to deliver your so forthcoming. But it is about putting people first, making that a really amazing urban environment that feels safe and green and people centered. So those sort of apply to both slightly higher density streets where you might have a mix of use and also the medium density streets, which will be primarily residential and again having space for front yards but people can sit out different kinds of play and opportunities. We will have last mile deliveries looking to try and encourage cargo bike deliveries as far as possible. So it is about creating an environment that goes really beyond the car and looks to what the future should be like. I know some people are very interested in the approach to height building heights and scale and massing. And if you've got comments on that please comment on policy nine, which sets that out in a bit more detail. But the approach here is really to say that, whilst it is a bit dense so that what you may be used to in some of the old parts of Cambridge, it is very much a stepped approach. It is not a one size fits all approach here so around the edges you will be having four to five stories typical that's the kind of green areas on the map. And then the yellowish areas maybe five to six stories typically the red six to eight and then the purple which is the district centre so that's really the heart of the district where, you know the main shops and so forth will be could be a bit taller than that which might be seven to 11 stories, typically, and a landmark building there we think could go up to 13 stories. This has been looked at really carefully by the team in terms of the wider views and heritage impacts and so forth and we are doing more work on that as well at the moment. What that has shown us is that really if you are building slightly taller and slightly more densely in the middle of the site, that doesn't have an impact on views from the surrounding area to a negative degree so you know we're quite confident that we've got an approach here that will create a sense of place a sense of buzz in the middle, but we'll also step down appropriately to the edges. The next. It's really important that we sort of understand the density question and again this shows it in dwellings per hectare which can be a little bit difficult to understand but that's essentially a kind of ratio of the number of homes you may get obviously a home can be a one bedroom home a two bedroom home or three bedroom home so it's a bit of a rough measure. But just as a comparison is about creating in using using that land effectively to create sustainable neighborhoods, because we know that that leads to less low densities lead to more car use and absolutely do not sustain local shops and services as well. And I think an interesting comparison is that the kind of mansion blocks and so forth in Notting Hill are typically around 250 to 300 dwellings per hectare, which is pretty much the same as what we are planning for most of northeast Cambridge. So this is definitely not high rise in the sense that some people might be worried about. So this is about an urban area and it is about somewhere that will feel like a city, but it's not somewhere that is kind of the next canary wolf if you like, definitely not landing in North Cambridge is is a very gentle density. Next. This image shows the kind of typical scale for most of the buildings this kind of five six story approach, and we are doing more work on this at the moment and if someone wants to know more about this please do put a question in the Q&A about it as well because I'm sure John also would be happy to go into that bit more detail. There's a little comparison to show that the 13 story building which is in orange is actually lower than the top of King's College Chapel so you know whilst it is taller than a two or three story terraced house for sure. It is not that out of scale with some of the buildings that we are actually used to seeing and used to loving in the city and it is really about making them as well designed as they possibly can be so that the taller buildings feel like really celebratory landmarks. Just a few examples again from our typology study of the sort of architecture and design we'd really like to encourage. You know that they are buildings that feel like they're permanent that they're made to last that they're made from great quality materials and most importantly they have the right kind of shared green spaces and public spaces for people to be able to enjoy. So we've had a few questions that have been recently asked on social media and so forth that we're just going to go through with the team now and we also had a couple come in via email just this afternoon which didn't make it into this PowerPoint but we'll come on to them after these ones. So first question is really just this question about why are we building so high and so dense in these proposals or what's what's the story behind that. I think, is it John who's going to answer this one I can't remember who we. That's me. Sorry I didn't introduce myself earlier but connection issues but yes hello I'm Terry DeSousa principal planning policy officer. Okay so why are the buildings so high and so high and so dense in the draft plan so as Hannah sort of mentioned in the presentation they are a bit higher and a bit denser than some of the older parts of Cambridge but they aren't actually that tall. And that diagrams or try to show how that compares with other buildings in Cambridge at the moment. It will be quite similar to the sort of heights that we're seeing places like Eddington and Great 90 and so forth. And the typology is what that we've done it looks at places as well like Paris and Amsterdam and that way your typical sort of historic blocks are kind of six to seven stories high. And particularly for overdeveloped because of one the quality of the design and the streetscape. And also just thinking about you know the space between the buildings and the kind of the quality of the architecture as well. But I think we also just need to think about about the fact that you know this is an edge of Cambridge site. And there's you know there's great opportunity here to kind of optimize development in this area based on those kind of sustainable transport modes and things. It's a brownfield site and you know this really provides the opportunity for people to live on the edge of Cambridge close to existing jobs and new jobs and the services and facilities within the city centre. So we really think that we could create somewhere that's that's liveable. That is kind of unique in its own way it has its own character. So there's lots of opportunity here. I think high density living there's quite a negative perception around high density living but you know there are there are a lot of benefits. So when you think about you know people will be living closer to their neighbours and also their workplaces. There'll be high levels of social interaction and also more people actually helps to helps to support new infrastructure coming in as well. So for example sustainable transport schools public spaces. The more people there are the more people that will use those facilities the more kind of the more for business case there is really to actually put those services in in the first place. You see with a lot of new housing estates where you know you might get a bus for the first two years that's funded by the developer. But because they're built at much lower densities actually those bus services don't become viable in the long term and in the bus service goes everybody then ends up jumping in their car. So you know with the development and all these came vision hopefully something like that won't happen. Thanks Terry that's I think thanks to her and Hannah and for both of the presentations I think we've got another question I think I'd like just to reiterate really some of the pieces that Hannah has said and Terry I mean we are actually really excited by this I mean it's something to be celebrated I think so you know we want to get it right so please get your comments in now can only see one question so far and there's 22 of you so let's get some more questions here for the team please and so won't people be crammed into tiny flat John. Hi Paul I think that's for Sarah. Yeah I'm going to if that's okay I'm going to pick up this one Paul. Absolutely not people won't be crammed into tiny flats. There's national space standards for the minimum size of homes and the draft policy in the AAP we expect applicants to actually exceed these standards and these are great standards and they're not just covering floor area but they're also covering floor to ceiling height. And that's to ensure that we want these flats and these apartments and these homes really to feel really spacious. And I've just touched upon that they will be mostly flat but they're going to be really well designed. And we're confident that these are going to be great places to live for everybody, not just young people for families down sizes, everybody really they're going to be accessible, flexible and adaptable and they're going to have great balcony so we're not just thinking about sort of small balconies where you can have small tables and chairs we're thinking about roof terraces and generous spaces that everyone can kind of sit out and enjoy privately. So we're really thinking about a more continental sort of way of living and we're excited about that and we're also excited about the fact that we're creating a compact place where you've effectively got everything you can have everything on your doorstep. And that's how we mentioned, you know, bringing people closer together in well designed places and well designed homes can create that and foster that sense of community. So absolutely no crying here. Thanks, Sarah, sorry I got that one wrong. Yeah, we've got another couple of pre prepared questions and then we're starting to see some questions come through. And so this is more of a comment this isn't going to feel like Cambridge anymore. So I think this one is for you John isn't there. This is thanks Paul. I mean I think this is a really crucial point actually and I know it's a statement but it is a kind of worry that people have when you start to add a development to this size to something as kind of precious and unique as there is clearly a concern that it might be harmful. I think what's really important is to kind of think about what are some of those kind of key characteristics of Cambridge. So it's a walkable place. It's got a really kind of compact core people have really good access to green space and to the countryside. I think it was the Holford play in 1950 said, it's one of the few cities in England that you could cycle home for lunch. And yeah, it gives a really kind of rich picture about the kind of place, the kind of unique character of the city. When we think about this as a new place, but we're absolutely kind of going for a compact walkable place that actually I think is rooted in those kind of key traditions of Cambridge. We thought about access to green space and to the river, which is again a really important kind of characteristic. And then as we think about kind of Cambridge's characters and evolved place, you know, those buildings have been reused and repurposed over the years. We're thinking of policies within the plan, which will talk about how these new buildings can be adapted and changed to meet future needs. And then, you know, the idea of a kind of fine grain place, a human scale place. And I think, you know, all of these things kind of line up to kind of help create a good framework for something that understands the character of Cambridge, but actually can deliver something which is exciting and kind of new, to meet and resolve the current kind of concerns and issues that we're all facing things around kind of climate change, about work life balance, about moving towards and actually embracing low car dependency, and importantly a kind of really inclusive place. So I think it's a kind of, it's an exciting chance to add something to Cambridge. It's actually kind of crucial it's done in a context-sensitive way and some of the things that Hannah talked about in terms of the HIA, the heritage impact assessment, the visual impact assessments and all of these other things and the requirements for subsequent developments to do, undertake these processes as part of their planning application. I think is how we create the best possible chance to create something that is of now, but is also of Cambridge. That's great. And I think, on my understanding, that's the, there's a few more questions to come through that we have had through emails, but we'll start picking up some of your questions now live. So I'm going to go firstly to the first question. Will each of the blocks to the flats have its own outside space rather than a residence? Yes. Sorry, my internet is playing up again. So I'm going to tell my video. So hopefully you can still hear me. That's a really good question. It's something that we picked up on in the open space and biodiversity webinar that we had about 10 days ago. So what we're proposing is that each of the flats will have a private immunity space. So that is in the form of balconies for the flatted developments. But one of the key things is that with flatted developments, it also allows you to have kind of those communal spaces. So they will be those that are accessible to the residents within that block. So you can think about things like courtyards or podium terraces and also roof gardens as well. There are a few examples in the presentation that I gave on the open space Q&A session that sort of gives you a bit of a flavour of what they may look like. But essentially, yes, there will be outside spaces and gardens for residents, as well as those kind of public open spaces as well, which Hannah has mentioned in the presentation. So those kind of the linear park and larger open spaces and the neighbourhood ones as well. Just in case you didn't catch the original question there, I'm just going to read it out about again because I know Paul's audio dropped out, which was will each block of flats have its own outside space or garden for residents. And I think the other thing to add is they will also have private space. So we have a minimum standard for as Terry was mentioned, or I think as John was mentioning for balcony sizes. So minimum balcony size for each flat will be provided. So you'll not only have your shared space, but you'll also have private outdoor open space per flat. Just going to pick up the next question here, which is can we comment on the need for lifts in high rise and the problems with one person per lift in high rise buildings recently. So this is a really topical question with COVID recently. And we do understand where this concern is coming from. I think there's two answers to this firstly. I think that the perception of kind of high rise is something that we want to unpick a little bit because, you know, we aren't talking about buildings where we've got many, many floors above what would be considered a kind of walkable level. So we are going to make sure that buildings have really great stair provision. Although I hate to mention Grenfell, we know that after Grenfell, there's an increased amount of awareness on actually making stairs really safe and really good quality environments from lots of perspective. So you do have options. You don't have to use the lift. And I think, you know, this is one of these issues where we are having a watching brief on COVID. COVID has brought some of this stuff up that just wasn't on our radar until this year. And we have a watching brief for COVID on a lot of levels. We know there may be economic changes. We've talked about working from home. We actually think that NEC is really well placed for a lot of this stuff because the whole idea of having a mix of uses and that you might have neighborhood workspaces where, you know, co-working spaces and so forth where you can go locally or not having to get in public transport and travel long distances is great. But I think this is something that we're going to review. And I wouldn't be surprised if there comes out new guidance over the next year about lifts. And of course, we'll take that on board in the design process as it goes on. Thanks. Thanks, Hannah. Let me know if my team, I'm sure, let me know if my audio drops out again and we will tag team, it's likely. I'm going to move on to question number three that I've got on my list of values and with an improved and subsidized better public transport system. How are this car? How are we discouraging car owners from getting about? I think that's a really good question. That's something that we will probably go into more detail one during the connectivity Q&A webinar that's coming up over the next week or two. But just to think about it in terms of the design sort of context of this webinar, it really starts with the street design. Now, as Hannah showed in the presentation, it's, you know, we are creating, we're creating streets at Northeast Cambridge. We're definitely not creating roads. We want, we want those kind of spaces between buildings to be completely focused on the needs of people rather than vehicles. And one of the first principles of that is all about off-plot car parking. So whilst there will be parking for blue badge holders and for access and emergency vehicles, what for the majority of people that will be using or owning cars in Northeast Cambridge, those cars will be stored away from their doorstep and they'll be stored in what we're calling car barns. Now, that then means that you can't, you don't just jump into your car to go to the shop. Actually, you have a choice. You can either walk to the shop, which might be a five minute walk away, or you get in your car, which is a five minute walk away to then drive to a shop. So actually, the first, almost like the natural choice would be walking and cycling, purely by the way that the streets are designed and the fact that you're not going to have your car outside your living room. The other thing that we're really keen to do is encourage car sharing, so car clubs as well.  You know, we're not saying that you can't have a car, but actually for a lot of people, their car just sits on their driveway for a lot of time and they only might need a car kind of once or twice a week. Well, that's where car sharing would be really useful for a number of people. And that's really common now in a number of developments, not only in Cambridge but elsewhere. And then the last point I wanted to raise was about the fact that northeast Cambridge, we've been really conscious in planning for this area to connect the dots really with a number of existing and future walking and cycling schemes that are coming forward. So, we really want to make sure that, you know, the Milton Road GCPs, cycle enhancement schemes, the Water Beach Greenway, which is being proposed, the Chisholm Trail, northeast Cambridge will hopefully be the connector that will connect all of those existing and proposed schemes together. So, again, it's not just saying, you know, it's a completely disjointed network for people. We're trying to really work with what's being planned to bring everything together so it becomes really easy for people to walk and cycle. I'm still here. I've just going to go behind my written name because it's probably a better way of me being able to communicate with you. It's an interesting time of night to be doing webinars. I think we've had this all the way through, so you've got to bear with us because this is our first proper consultation during these sort of restrictions. Moving on to the next question. If there is a negative perception of high density living, it may be because of the experience at CB1, for example, where there have been problems with noise disturbance between black and poor inappropriate use of green space. How will you manage to avoid this antisocial aspect? I'm not sure who's going to pick this one up. I'm happy to pick that one up, Paul. Thanks very much, John. Yeah, I mean, I think it's a really crucial thing when you start to put a lot of people in the same place so you can really kind of start to annoy each other. And I think we've been really careful in the kind of policies to think about how you kind of layer up different uses. So it's not only is it about kind of residential to residential, but it's also all of those other uses like office, spaces, things like make a space, all of these sorts of things which can add to the kind of richness and vitality of a new district. And so I think we will be really keen and working with environmental health colleagues to think about the kind of performance criteria for buildings so that you don't get noise transference through the structure, but also what adjacent uses are doing either above you or to the side of you. And I think we've been really careful looking at the size and scale of some of the open spaces and their location within the overall kind of framework to make sure that you can kind of minimize the potential for kind of negative use of those spaces. So making sure places are active and well surveilled that they are part of kind of vital, you know, kind of urban and active districts and local centers. All of these things can kind of start to help address some of those things, but again it comes down to not only what goes in the AAP, but into the kind of future design of buildings and making sure that we have the right kind of review of the resources in place. We've mentioned people at the quality panel helping out in terms of that peer to peer review. So again, bringing other experts in to kind of really give the place a good and thorough going over I think the help address some of the points raised. Thanks very much, John. And so, Hannah, I think you're going to pick up this next question. Have you considered external shading in view of the climate heating up and insulated buildings being hard to call? I hope you're on mute. Yes, absolutely. And actually there's a diagram in the climate change policy, which talks about exactly this, and all the different measures that we want to put in place for climate change. And I think there's a really interesting point here because of course nationally we're aiming towards net zero carbon by 2050. So that's a really ambitious target. This is one of the first kind of major developments that we're going to be seeing that is absolutely addressing that head on. So it's not just about external shading, but it's also about natural ventilation, about making sure that spaces are cooled through passive means, you know, it's about thermal mass. It's also about things like trees, you know, the urban heat island affected, you know, we talked about how important trees are for open spaces, but it definitely is a climate thing as well. So there's a whole range of design features that we're looking at. And to John, to the last question's point about noise, one of these aspects is building regulations. So, you know, building regulations put in place requirements for things like energy performance and noise and other aspects of design performance, which is plan as we don't really get to influence all that much. But we also know that those building regulations are going to change and adapt. So a little bit like the COVID thing it is about us putting an aspiration out there and also pushing government and making sure that we really get better standards so that we can be as demanding as possible on developers as we go forward. Yeah, absolutely. One of the next questions I think we're going to get Terry to pick up in this round open space and I think there's a few more down here. So maybe some of these will be picked some of your questions will be answered within this. You spoken about the amount of outdoor space as if it's luxurious. Yet I understand it's only a total 10 hectares about the same size as Jesus green in total. If there are 18,000 people living there and the space is divided into small chunks that that won't be much will it please comment. Yep, happy to pick that one up. Yeah, so as we sort of mentioned in the presentation so there will be a range of open spaces that we're proposing for northeast Cambridge. So the 10 hectares that's referred to in the question is about new strategic open space so that's predominantly the linear park which stretches from Nuffield road allotments all the way through to Milton Country Park so that's about a kilometre in total in its length. And it will also spur off over the railway line and into chest and fen and then on to the river the river cam corridor as well. There's also as Hannah mentioned about nine hectares of open space on the site of the moment, which we're looking to obviously protect and enhance. And then there's the neighborhood open spaces as well which aren't shown on any of the diagrams because they would be, they would be designed and come forward as part of a planning application for much smaller parcels of land. And so in total in terms of the public open space on the site what the plan sets out in terms of new strategic neighborhood spaces and retained open spaces is about 26 hectares of open space so that's kind of the equivalent of Jesus green and mid summer common combined. And now in addition to that is also what I've mentioned before about the private the private and communal open spaces so it's those that would be accessible to the residents within individual blocks. Now obviously at this high level we're not designing individual blocks we're just setting out an overall kind of framework for the area. So the amount of open space that would come forward in those communal spaces would need to be determined at a later date as part of a planning application but nevertheless they're still standards that those that those open spaces would need to comply with both in terms of immunity quality and in terms of the space that those balconies would need to provide as well. So I just want to say that the plan also sorry the plan also tries to improve connectivity to wider areas so Milton Country Park and the river like I said as well but also to existing open spaces within the city so think about things like Nundway and the open space on Green End Road. So it's not just about new residents using those facilities but it also allows existing residents in the area to access new facilities and then the wider countryside and Country Country Park beyond, which I think is really important. Thanks Terry, you certainly don't have to apologize for to providing comprehensive answers on that so that's great. And we've got a couple of questions. We have our email as well and I don't want to lose them because obviously they were kind of first come first served and we are getting quite a few questions coming through. I would reiterate to you that we're not going to just leave these questions unanswered so anyone that we don't get through by the end of the session today which is about another 15 minutes or so. And we will answer those questions on the website and they'll be available as well. So I think we had a couple of questions. The plans are based on 20,000 new jobs with 8000 new homes for 18,000 residents and who decided on those numbers. So I'm going to stick with Terry for this one because he's our numbers map. Okay, so thanks Paul. So one of the things that we did to begin with was we looked at examples from elsewhere. So best practice examples from Cambridge, the UK and further afield as well. So we've looked at places like the Netherlands and Germany and Denmark and places like that. So that's in the Northeast Cambridge typology study. So that's available on the website and as a planning document as far as they go, it's actually a really easy read because there's lots of pictures and it's quite easy to digest. So I highly recommend reading that. What we then did, we applied those typologies, those examples to the areas and the sites that are likely to come forward within the AAP area over the next 20 years. And we considered all of those against the kind of the vision for Northeast Cambridge to create a real mix of uses. So we didn't just look at, you know, housing developments and office developments. We looked at how we could try and apply those kind of mixed use examples within a Northeast Cambridge context so that we do achieve a good balance of new homes and jobs, as well as retaining existing jobs as well, which is a really important part of the plan. So yeah, and then what we did, we also had to be really mindful about the hit funding. So the hit funding is related to the relocation of the waste water treatment works, which is on the site at the moment. And that is obviously based on the delivery of new homes. So what we wanted to do is make sure that we didn't just provide loads of new office and R&D floor space there. Actually, we were providing a good range of homes that would enable us or the city council as a developer in Anglia and Water to develop the site for housing. But also think about addressing traffic and congestion and things like that as well as part of that because office development actually is one of the one of the worst culprits for people travelling by car. And actually, if you can try and create a really good balance of homes and jobs within short distance of each other that are then easy to access by foot and by bike in other modes, then actually it really helps us to work within the trip budget for the area. Now, there's quite a lot of information in the AAP and on the website about the trip budget and how we're trying to reduce car levels within the area. So I won't go into too much detail about that. But essentially what we'd really like to hear your thoughts on is whether we've got the mix of uses right in northeast Cambridge. Are we providing too many jobs? Are we providing too many homes? Is the balance not quite right? And if so, please do tell us and that's what the consultation is for really. Yeah, that's absolutely right. So second question that came in from email is with 15,000 jobs currently on the site, the plan means a rise to a total of 35,000 jobs. How many of the 18,000 population do you expect to fill those jobs? And who will fill the remaining workplaces and where will they live? I mean, that's a forward thinking question, I suppose in the light of COVID and changes of behaviour. But John, do you want to pick this one up? Yeah, I'll give that a go, Paul. I think COVID has kind of quite radically changed what some people's expectations are about where they live and where they work. But I think the point around northeast Cambridge is about creating a self sustaining city district and that means that you can choose to live and to work in kind of close proximity. And I guess what's really interesting is we've been looking through some of the evidence and not necessarily a workplace, but Cambridge Regional College has got a catchment of 50 miles. And, you know, a lot of people on in some of these high tech businesses on the science part, again experience kind of quite significant commutes to get to the site and that is about affordability of accommodation relative to wages. And so the idea that you can start to deliver a lot of residential units within close proximity means that people over time can make quite a conscious decision about where they locate. Maybe they can cut out that very long commute. So I think, you know, we would ideally hope that everybody living there works very locally. We can't demand that, but we can hope that, you know, that offer makes it very attractive. And then when you look at the kind of transport accessibility of the new district, you know, Cambridge North Station has radically changed the accessibility map for this area. So again, that and the kind of Greenway projects and the other cycling and walking route means that we can give it the best chance that people can make a sustainable mobile choice when they're trying to get to that place. And if they're living there, clearly they've got access to all of those things already. Can I just come in on that, John, because I think there's also another really interesting point here, which is how we work with employers on the site. So that's been really part of the AAP itself as well. So one of the types of housing that we're looking at is actually rental housing or block lease housing, which is for local employers. So the idea that actually, you know, you may be able to offer an affordable place to live to your new recruits which is within walking and cycling distance. So that's another way that we can really help to shape this kind of very different vision here. And again, this is all kind of subject to development over time. And this is a 20 year plan. So it's not all about it kind of popping up in the next five years. But we do think that this trend is going to be really important. People don't want to have to commute for an hour every day to get to work and different ways of living and working will come into play here. Yeah, it's really important. And I think it is important to know that this is a long term development. It seems very now and we're consulting on something.  And, you know, it will be, it would be wrong of us to even try and predict what that might mean. And I think to pick up on the next question that's on my list here is around some of the heritage and further evidence based work that we are doing for this particular particular plan around heritage and townscape. And there are some additional pieces of work that we will need to be doing. And they will also tie into some of the work that we're doing on a more strategic basis around the Greater Cambridge Local Plan because of course, you know, it's part of a much bigger area and you cannot do it in isolation. So we know that there are further pieces of work and they will be forthcoming. But all of the work we are doing is now going up onto the website. And there will be some information on there as you go forward. You can keep an eye on where things are. I'm going to move really quickly now. We've got about another eight minutes left and try and get through as many of these as we can really. Is there flexibility in terms of the location of proposed land uses in the AAP, i.e. the location of residential retail use district centres? I'm not sure who's best placed to do that, maybe Terry or Hannah? Yeah, I think that's a really good question. So at the moment the council is setting out what it thinks is the most kind of appropriate mix of uses and where those uses could go. Now if you look at the land use plan in the AAP, it's quite flexible in terms of what it's saying. It's not just housing goes here and office goes here. It's a real mix of uses within each of those kind of development blocks. But again, this consultation is a really important part of telling us what you think. Do you think that the plan is too flexible? Do you think that we should be a bit more rigid so that we have a bit more certainty moving forward? Or have we got the mix of uses in a particular location wrong? Should we be putting other uses in areas that we haven't really considered? So please do tell us your views. And yeah, this is kind of the point of the process really. So yeah, please tell us. I think the next question is about cycle facilities. And I think Sarah was going to pick that up about cycle storage needs to be plentiful, easy to use in the right place, but tends to be an ugly storage area, fair enough. Do you have design ideas about this and will they be underground as often in the city centre? Sarah, do you know how to answer that one please? Yeah, I mean, I absolutely agree with the comment that they need to be plentiful, easy to use and in the right place. And if they're not, people just will leave their cycles everywhere. We've got some really great examples from the continent about sort of multi-level cycle storage, almost cycle barns that we could think about in terms of commercial uses. But thinking about how we provide cycle parking for residents is really important that they are plentiful, they are well-lit, they are close to where people want to be. And they feel safe and attractive to use, but it's not just about sort of how transparent they are in terms of being able to look into them to see who's there. It's also about the cycle storage themselves and being able to provide cycle spaces for a range of bikes.  There's a lot of off-gauge cycles in cabraise. We've got adult trikes, we've got hand bikes, we've got lots of cargo bikes. So it's really important that we're designing those functional elements into buildings right at the outset. So we will absolutely be pushing for state-of-the-art cycle storage. Yeah, thank you, Sarah. I realised you haven't answered as many questions as some of the others. So that's, I'm sure there's so many here, I think that we can probably get your input on some of these as well. I'd like to say that we're going to share some slides now that show you how you can comment on the consultation. There's been loads of really great questions and we will also post answers to any that we don't get around to on our website. So do check back there. The webinar is also going to be recorded and will be up on YouTube in probably 24 hours or so. Joe is incredibly efficient with this stuff. But please do come to any of the other webinars and also do comment on the consultation. So many of these points that you're making are just brilliant points. We really want to hear them. It's important that we hear what you support in our plans as well as what you think we could do differently or better. And all of those comments get read and absorbed and will influence the shape of the plan to come. Yeah, I know that's really important and obviously a comment on the format as well because we'd be interested to hear feedback. I know it's not perfect, but it's certainly something that we're getting used to doing now. And I'm going to do another couple of questions. I think we've got a couple more minutes. You talk about multi-level development and to show sports fields on roofs, etc. If it's developed piecemeal, but there'll be no way to make thoroughfares walkways at ground level. Will you specify floor levels and desire lines and walkways through over Milton Road accessible for wheelchairs, buggies at a high level and how they could be incorporated. Yeah, I mean I could probably pick up some of this. I think one of the really important things about the AAP is that it's actually, whilst they are development plots and some of them will be developed at different times. It isn't in a sense that piecemeal development where we are actually being really specific about the roots between different places. So there's maps and diagrams that show exactly where we are saying has to be connected to where. And through and over Milton Road is a really key one there. There are several different crossing points that we're looking to improve as part of the AAP. One is actually a bridge over. One is potentially a landscape underpass under. And then there's also the crossing with the guided busway, which is really a kind of multi-way crossing. And we're looking at a very holistic way of improving that so that movement can go across in all directions and again be pedestrian oriented rather than car dominated. So we are being really specific. And I think if there are other things that you see that you think we have missed in terms of those connectivity links, if you think that there are different things that we should be considering. Please, please put them into the connectivity policy questions and, you know, chapters into the into the consultation. But we do want to make sure that all of those routes meet up logically are really intuitive to navigate and of course accessible. The wheelchair buggy point is really critical and any multi-level link that is made will have to be completely accessible for all users as well as people on bikes as well of course. There's a couple of short ones. A couple have been sitting on my screen for a while so cannot find any reference to a waste management system for the residential and commercial properties. There is a reference. I will be very glad to give it to you. If you go into the consultation pages and you look at the chapter on the development process, there is actually a chapter there which is on digital innovation and smart what we call sort of open innovation. And that actually talks about waste because from our perspective, things like waste collection are a point of innovation where we want to facilitate effective and, you know, if necessary, digitally driven waste management. So we are encouraging buildings to be quote unquote smart in that sense. And one of the things that we are saying it makes you a smart building is in fact incorporating a single waste collection point to facilitate efficient waste management from multi-tenanted buildings. So this is definitely something that we're looking at. We know that there's also other great examples around the place of new approaches to waste. It is a huge issue and we are addressing it. Okay, thanks Hannah. Well, I think on that note we are, we've hit seven o'clock and we've still got quite a few questions left. What I'm going to try and do is I'm going to try and put my video on just for this final section. It's strange because my video is not and I can't see you even though I can't in your way. And we just really like to thank you for all of coming along. I'd like to thank all of the panel and officers who have been working on them. Please, please, please complete the feedback survey. Once the Q&A is closed and also, you know, comments on both the Q&A format and obviously of course on the actual consultation itself it's open for another few weeks. And as Hannah said, there's another two live webinar sessions coming up in the next couple of weeks too. And but thank you for coming. Thank you to the panel and I hope you will have a lovely rest of your evening. Thanks for the cock-call noises and the chicken noises in my background. And that's just the way we work nowadays, isn't it? Have a lovely evening everybody.


Any thoughts on a Janet Yellen replacement? You know what, I am trying to figure out exactly who would be.  I don't think Gary Cohn is going to point himself. But, you know, this is one where you look around and you say, you know what, there's some people who have been around for a long time and maybe they are interested. Look, who do you want? You want a Jamie Dimon. He's not going to take it. You look back and you take a look at some of the people who were a Republican statesman. It's been so long.  So I've been trying to noodle on it, but I just, there's no obvious candidate at this very moment. There were not a lot of very pronounced Republican bankers. I wonder if he doesn't go, you know, reach someone in the Senate, someone who is sophisticated about banking. But right now I think that they're devoid of people who would really be remarkably obvious is the way I would put it. Mark, you would go to the roof. Jamie Dimon came out of the woodworker. Of course, I mean, but Jamie, I think loves, loves, loves his job. And I think that my Corbett at Citi loves his job. Gorman loves his job. It might be interesting. There's a guy, you know, no, no, I'm, you know, it's just very, very difficult to think about who might be in there given the fact that it's been, let's say, such a long time and you was just this continuum of Bernanke to yelling. Jay Powell would be fabulous. I think Jay Powell is amazing. I could throw his hat in the ring. I could throw Bill Douglas's hat in the ring. Both of those men are terrific.


Now I know people will read the title of this video and be like well obviously fans haven't been happy for a while, this we all know, but it seems as though guys things are getting worse, thanks to people can fly and the way in which they seem to be handling things generates the feeling as if all is okay with the game, and this is making fans even angrier. Today we're getting to this a little bit more. How's it going guys, my name is DPJ and if you enjoyed the video leaving a like really helps out and if you like what you see and want to see more outriders be sure to subscribe. So a couple of days back we got the great damage control developer insights blog from People Can Fly. Now I say great with a little sarcasm, as although for many people like me a little confused about how damage works and even scales within this game, thanks to our own confusing instances you can learn a bit from their post, no doubt about it. But the problem I am seeing and the community's frustrations continue with the fact that it's all good and dandy people can fly explaining how damage works in the game and it makes sense why the damage mitigation issue took so long to fix but at the end of the day guys the problems go way deeper than just damage, the whole end game system within this game is the thing most of the community has the problems with. I've said it before and I'll say it again the end game in Outriders is not only limited in terms of what's on offer, it's limited in terms of the player and what needs to be built to take advantage of the end game within Outriders and if I'm honest with you I get the feeling that all of this actually just shows the lack of insight people can fly have and what makes a fun end game feature. Us as a player going into the end game as in reality we are limited in terms of what needs to be made to compete against those gold challenged to your scores, we need DPS no to which way is the value, changes need to be made which can be done easily which allows not just DPS builds to dominate higher scores and fast times, we were promised a game in which we can build our classes in any way we like and although we can in that end game we are seriously limited in terms of actual efficient builds compared to what could be possible and this is due to the lack of insight around end game due to it all just going in one direction and that is a DPS speedrunning build mould, that's what expeditions basically are and it's a reason like this while many people are angry. Just explaining why damage mitigation is a big part of the game and when it breaks it's why it takes ages for it to be fixed we get that but this isn't an issue which is important enough or even detrimental enough to the game when there are much bigger problems here and I feel this is a problem many people the community are having here like I said it's like people can fly down actually see the issues the game has and no doubt we will get another developer insight into loot drops which will be fine I know that a good read but will it fix the many loot drop problems the game has in terms of 150 plus legendos in any given loot pool making the chance of getting said item you want or need even harder due to nautical kind of system in place which increases chance of that certain loot I mean I said within the demo days that I hope this game has some kind of loot pools and not loot pools in regards to loot levels loot pools in regards to certain places dropping certain loot I said this back then and I'll say it now it would help massively but even beyond a loot expeditions themselves have not been utilised right and like I said earlier are basically DPS build speed runs where we just chase the timer when in fact there could be so much more they could be score based enemy kill based this alone literally two ideas at the top of my head would allow players to play around with other builds which don't count and damage per second it adds fun into the game and allows people to experiment way way more and actually succeed with their experimentation making it worth the what we have right now is build a DPS build storm food challenge tiers and done that's it and to be honest at the end of the day the signs were kind of there from the beginning and their direction was clear the very first patch they nerfed us taking away the very form we were having by making things harder making us less efficient and quite clearly limiting what and how we play the game taking away the players ability to feel overpowered in many regards makes sense in a PvP game this is strictly PvE and them doing so so early on showed the kind of insight they had in regards to how they want people to play their game and not allow us to play how we want to play yes they have recently buffed a few of those underpowered abilities over the past week but it's still in regards to DPS and after really looking online the past few days many of the community feel the same way as I do there are still many many problems with the game even with perfect stable connections and no dodgy one hitting enemies if the game eventually gets into that kind of state a decent state the game itself doesn't offer enough in terms of that end game to keep the player happy because it's extremely limited in what can be done and what needs to be done to play and succeed so yeah although these developer insights are decent read 99% the community want to see some concrete changes point in place which actually affect and benefit the player in the game but hey guys this is just my opinion and how i'm feeling right now but what do you guys think do you think they're kind of undermining us as a player by the things they are doing here do you feel they actually know for themselves what's best for the game you tell me but on that note the end of the video has arrived if you enjoyed it leaving a like really helps out if you're new around here and want to see more outriders be sure to subscribe and if you never want to miss a video i upload can turn notifications on by hitting that bell button people well thanks as always for stopping by and hopefully i will see you on that next one


Remember a hallmark card when you carry enough to send the very best. Our bring you a true story from the life of J. Edgar Hoover. On the Hallmark Hall of Faith. Here's our distinguished host, Mr. Edward Arnold. And welcome to the Hallmark Hall of Fame. Tonight our true story is transcribed from the life of John Eschewuva, the director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. In honoring Mr. Hoover, we also honor the FBI and the thousands of men whose meticulous, relentless labors have built one of the world's greatest law enforcement agencies. The case you are about to hear was selected by the FBI because it exemplifies the teamwork and cooperation between the local law enforcement agencies, the Bureau and you, the private citizen that is so necessary in the constant battle against crime. Tonight the Hallmark Hall of Fame presents a radio document extracted from the official files of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, United States Department of Justice. And now, here's Frank Goss. Did you have a nice Christmas? I surely hope you did. And I hope Hallmark Cards contributed to your pleasure with both the cards you received and the ones you chose to carry your personal greetings to your friends. This week too, you'll find that Hallmark Cards can be of service to you. For in the fine stores featuring Hallmark Cards, you'll find special thank you cards and Hallmark note papers so you can express your appreciation and gratitude for favors or gifts or cards received at Christmas. And you'll find a handsome array of New Year's cards to send your wishes for a bright and happy New Year ahead. So this evening, why not make a list of the people whose friendship you'd like to acknowledge and plan to send them each a Hallmark New Year's card. They'll appreciate your thoughtfulness and the fact that it's a Hallmark card will give them extra pleasure. For everyone knows the Hallmark and Crown on the back of a card. The symbol you look for when you'll carry enough to send the very best. And now, Edward Arnold brings you the Hallmark Hall of Pays. Shortly after 8.30 a.m., January the 17th, 1934, Lincoln sedan approaches the intersection of Goodrich and Lexington avenues in St. Paul, Minnesota. The driver, Edward George Bremmer, a member of a wealthy and prominent St. Paul family. As this is custom during the school term, he has driven his nine-year-old daughter, Hersey, to a private school and is proceeding to his office at a local bank. As he stops for a traffic sign at Lexington Avenue, a stranger approaches the left front door of his vehicle. All right, Brendan, move over. Hey, what is this? You can't think not. Wait a minute. Get out of here. Let's go. About 10.40 a.m., Walter McGee, a contractor, received a telephone call. In his office, 118 West Central Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota. Hello? This is Mr. McGee. That's right. You were friend of Ed Bremmer's. Why, yes, yes. There's a note for you out the side door. If you want to see it again, you'll do like it says. Just like it says. Hello, who is this? Hello? Hereby declared him on a very desperate undertaking. Don't try to cross us. Your future and these are the important issue. Follow these instructions to the letter. Police have never helped in such a spot and won't this time either. Be Washington, D.C., please. National, eight, seven, one, one, seven. Friend is none too comfortable now, so don't delay. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Eight, seven, one, one, seven. The emergency number of the FBI. Available to any citizen 24 hours a day. Accord to this number sets in motion a chain reaction activating law enforcement agencies on a national basis. At 4 p.m. January the 17th, 1934, a meeting is held in the office of the director located in the Justice Department, Washington, D.C. The facts have already begun to pile up. The ransom demanded is $200,000. Payment to be made in five and ten dollar bills. No new money, no consecutive numbers, large variety of issues. Excuse me, Mr. Hoover. Yes, Mr. Bryant. Wouldn't that seem to indicate that the kidnappers are professionals? Part of an organized gang? In my opinion, yes. Is there a method of payment established, sir? The go-between is to insert an advertisement in the personal column of the Minneapolis Tribune. Payment instructions will follow. What about the second note? The one supposed to be from Brammer himself. Is that genuine? Any further word on that, Tulson? Well, both notes are addressed to Charles McGee. McGee's name is Walter. They're misspellings in both notes. However, there seems some possibility that Brammer's signature is in his own handwriting. Both notes and handwriting specimens are being flown to Washington. Good. Get them into the technical laboratory right away. When the handwriting experts finish, have chemical and microscopic tests run on the paper. Like full report on quality, content, manufacture, and distribution outlets in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area. Yes, sir. Bryant, you and Kern will take the first available plane to St. Paul. I've ordered 20 special agents with experience in this type of case flown into the area. They'll operate under your supervision. Very good, sir. Keep all activities under cover in order to facilitate the victim's release. Well, what about the ransom money, sir? The Brammer family is an indicated desire to make payment. You'll arrange for the Federal Reserve Bank and St. Paul to have a register made of the serial numbers of all bills. All right, sir. Only... Yes? The police report on the abandoned Lincoln Saddam. One Brammer was driving at the time of the crime. It mentions blood stain. That's right. Brownish stains on steering wheel, gear shift, door sill, back of front seat, and car floor. Identified as human blood. Well, sir, taken with the business about the note, wouldn't that lead to the assumption that Brammer's already dead? We can't make that assumption, Brian. As long as there's a chance he's alive, our first job is to keep him that way. All right, gentlemen, that's it. You'll work out of the St. Paul Field Office, but I want personal reports on all developments. The special agents of the FBI work under cover to ascertain the whereabouts of Edward Brammer and the identity of his abductors. Further ransom notes are received by Walter McGee and several other persons in the St. Paul area. One addressed to Mrs. Edward Brammer and headed the APATS is unquestionably in the victim's own handwriting. For the moment, at least, Edward Brammer is still among the living. On January the 25th, following instructions given by the kidnappers, Walter McGee attempts to deliver the ransom payment. However, contact with the criminals is not established. For 10 days, silence. Then on February the 6th, a new demand for payment is received. Intermediary, Walter McGee proceeds to Zambrota, Minnesota, and deposits two suit boxes containing the sum of $200,000. At a spot marked by four red flashlights beside a dirt road. 24 hours later, at Rochester, Minnesota, Edward G. Brammer is released. Then you haven't any idea, Mr. Brammer, how long it took to reach the hideout? No, I'm afraid not, gentlemen. After I became conscious, I was still pretty woozy and blindfolded, of course. I'm not sure, but I seem to think that we passed through a city. Not a big city, a medium-sized, maybe. You were blindfolded the whole time? No, no, not exactly. After a few days I was allowed to be without the blindfold, but only in the one room. Then you never saw the house itself? The exterior, I mean. No. How about sounds, Mr. Brammer? You remember hearing anything distinctive? Well, not really distinctive. There were a couple of dogs, barked a lot. Anything else? Let me see you. Children playing, three or four of them. About what age? Oh, I don't know that. Somewhere between four and eight, I guess. Then there was a baby upstairs. He cried a lot in the fuss. Year, year and a half old, I guess. That's about the ordinary age. It was my kids, anyway. I used to think a lot about her at sea, quite a lot. Especially when I heard that baby. I guess you understand. Sure. What about inanimate sounds? Traffic, for instance. Yes, traffic. Heavy? Main highway? Quite a few trucks and buses. I remember them shifting gears a lot. Like at a stop sign or railroad crossing? Yes, that's what it sounded like. There were some trains, too. Not too close. Mostly morning and evening. Commuter special. Yeah, might be. Any noises peculiar to the house itself? Well, not that I can think of. Wait a minute. I'm pretty sure there was a coal stove in the next room. I could hear the coal being fed into it. Let's see now. That gives us a house with children and dogs. Having a coal stove. Near a main highway, not too far from the commuter. Mind describing the room, sir? Well, uh, small. 10 by 12, I'd say, and run down. Old brass bed, fairly new wallpaper, and, oh, the wallpaper. Do you remember the pattern? Clusters of forget-me-not surrounded by think roses. Think you could recognize it in a sample book? I'll never forget that wallpaper, Mr. Bram. One more thing, Mr. Bram, the trip back from the hideout to Rochester. Remember any unusual details about that? Well, as I already told you, gentlemen, we started out in a business coop, then switched to a four-door car of some kind, a sedan, I guess. And I had a squat on the floor behind the driver. There was a tin can next to me, about a regular, oh, five-gallon gasoline can. I'd say I could rest my elbow on it as we drove. Sure about it's bringing a gasoline can? Yes, positive. I could smell the paper. And then when we were partway, we turned off the main road, drove about ten minutes, and then stopped. I heard two of the men get out of the car, open up the trunk, and take out some tin cans. There were two or three of them, I think. And then they poured the gas into the tank. Now, you say this was off the main road. That's right. There was a lot of gravel striking against the fenders. Of course, it could have been some kind of a detour. Gentlemen, I'm afraid I haven't been much help, right? Do you mind telling me, in a case like this, with so little to go on, is there any chance that they're getting caught? No, I'd say the odds are about a hundred to one. That they get away? No, sir. That they go to prison. Much to work from, traffic into cold store, with wallpaper paddling and a couple of dogs, some gas cans and an old brass bed. From Washington, J. Edgar Hoover orders a careful rundown of every lead. Special agents from all parts of the country are flown to St. Paul to help do the job. February 8th, FBI agents locate a wallpaper pattern similar to the one described by Edward Bremmer in the St. Paul branch of a national mail order house. It is identified by the victim as identical to that on the wall of the kidnap room. A full check of sales records is commenced. February 9th, special agents following the route taken by Walter McGee in paying the ransom discover four flashlights in the field several miles south of some border, Minnesota. They are traced to the F&W Grand Silver Store 67th St. St. Paul. A girl employee's description of the purchaser is forwarded to the FBI identification division in Washington to be checked against known criminal files. February 10th, as a result of an FBI bulletin the sheriff of Columbia County, Wisconsin, turns over to the bureau for large gasoline cans and a funnel found by a farmer near Portage, Wisconsin. They are flown immediately to Washington, D.C. They are checked by the single fingerprint section of the FBI's identification division for latent fingerprints. Now the meeting is called by Mr. Hoover. All right gentlemen, we've got some evidence. Let's see if we can put it together and come up with some answers. We know that there were at least five men involved in the kidnapping. We know we're dealing with a highly organized gang. Most likely one of long standing. Next there's a latent thumbprint on one of the gasoline cans. Is this a file, sir? Yes, Arthur Barker, also known as Doc Barker. Next the sales girl's description of the man who purchased the flashlights appears to be that of Alvin Carpus. And the girl has identified a photograph. Well it all seems to add up. The Barker Carpus gang. Exactly. Just about the most dangerous and best organized group of criminals still at large. Well we've made progress. We know our enemy, we know he's tough. Now let's find him. Probably we've all said it one time or another. Wouldn't it be grand if we could keep the spirit of Christmas all through the year? Well you know some people never lose that wonderful spirit of warm friendliness and kindness. And right now the fine stores where you buy hallmark cards have a gift for you that's about the handiest way I know to help you keep Christmas thoughtfulness the whole year through. It's the hallmark date book for 1955. And it's yours absolutely free as a gift from that store. This little book, small enough to fit your purse or billfold, has a calendar page for every month of the year with ample room on each date to write in your engagements and the names of friends you want to remember on that day. There's space for addresses too as well as room for your Christmas card list which you'll probably want to bring up to date right now. The hallmark date book actually serves you as your social secretary throughout the year reminding you of birthdays, anniversaries and all those occasions when you want your friends to know you care. The store has this hallmark date book for you a kind of remembrance that's yours for the asking. If the fine stores that feature hallmark cards way of wishing you health and happiness for the new year. And now Edward Arnold brings you the second act of our true story from the life of John Edgar Hoover. The investigation of the kidnapping of Edward Bremer is over. J. Edgar Hoover and his aides have pinpointed their quarry. The Barker-Carpus gang, a big business gang. More of directors, Kate Ma Barker who made killing a family occupation. Her sons, Doc and Fred Barker both known killers, Alvin Carpus already one of America's most modern men. Phase two takes time and patience and monotonous perseverance. Eleven months go by without a major arrest. Finally in the first week of January 1935 the efforts of the director and of hundreds of special agents begins to lay off. Doc Barker is located in Chicago, Illinois placed under surveillance 6.30 p.m. January the 8th. Federal officers in the United States Department of Justice are under arrest. Among Doc Barker's effects special agents find the following enough small arms to equip a squad of infantry, a letter in the handwriting of his brother Fred, mentioning an alligator hunt for a critter named Old Joe, a map of Florida with a pencil circle around the area of Ocala. J. Edgar Hoover moves quickly. Special agents were flown into the Marion County area of Florida. Investigation shows that Kate Barker and her son Fred are residing in the cottage located on Lake Weah. At dawn on the 16th of January a picked raiding party approaches this cottage. The Barkers resisted arrest when the government agents entered the house. Both Ma Barker and her son were dead. Pause the files on the Barker family now, Mr. Hoover. Ma and Freddie were buried this morning, Doc's son is with Alcatraz. That moves corpus to the head of the list. Yes, sir. I've been working up the current date on him. I thought we might find a lead. All right, I'll tear it. Well, for one thing, we know that he looks different. He and the Barker boys all tried to change their appearance on fingerprints by plastic surgery. The Barkers are any example that's probably a pretty badly-bought job. Yes, sir. Anything else? There's one more item, fishing. He's become a nut on this subject. Our information is that he'd rather fish than eat. It's just about all he lives for now. Hmm. It's funny. Man writes his name all over the middle of the continent with a machine gun. Get what he wants and find out what he really wants. He could have gotten with a bamboo pole and a bent pin. Yeah. Well, I sent out a bulletin to all field officers and local police to keep special surveillance on fishing resorts and tackle shops. The work is slow, methodical, and monotonous. The results? No. In Corpus Christi, Texas, a peer operator recognizes a photograph. You're sure this is the same man, Mrs. Humboldt? Dead sure. Oh, I'd know those eyes in place. Cold. Like one of them big river catfish.  You can get much, though. Always complaining about the fishing. Finally, about two weeks ago, he stopped coming. I guess he moved on. Any idea of where? Ever hear him mention trying some other spot? Yeah, come to think of it. He did say something about going to New Orleans. To know his name? Great nurse. Lives somewhere in the neighborhood, though. Seen him around, drives a dark car, a Plymouth, maybe. The reason I remember him so clear was that yellow jig. Can't catch no fish on a yellow feather in New Orleans this time of year. The word is flinched to Washington that Alan Corpus, public enemy number one, has been located. The director, accompanied by Associate Director Towson and a pitch squad of Special Agents, flies to New Orleans to take personal command of the Rating Party.  As you can see, it's on a busy intersection. Windows covering both corners. Two exits. Just about a perfect defensive position. Which way do we approach, sir? The Rating Party will be divided into four groups. Group one, consisting of two cars, will park on Canal Street at 5 p.m. Towson and I will approach the building from the north, meeting out against the other car at the door. Group two will cover the back of the building. Bryant, you will take charge there. Yes, sir. Groups three and four will be deployed on rooftops and in an automobile cordon, respectively. Any further questions? Uh, Canal Street is pretty heavily traveled that time of day, sir. Arrangements have been made with city street maintenance to hold one lane closed on the side of Canal Street nearest Corpus' apartment until just prior to 5 o'clock. That should enable us to rendezvous without interference from traffic and still not alert the fugitive. Yeah. All right, gentlemen, we'll get the equipment together and be ready to go at 4 p.m. The other groups are in position already. If it had shown up just two minutes sooner, I could have welcomed you in style. That's right, sir. I just checked the apartment. After all this... about white horses, I mean. First, an eventual conviction of Valvin Corpus, J. Edgar Hoover and the special agents of the FBI wrote finesse to the violent history of the Barca Corpus gang. The end result, 25 convictions, three persons killed resisting arrest and three more killed by their own associates. Incidentally, we think you will be interested to know that Mr. Edward Bremer, the man who was kidnapped by the Carpus Barca gang, is living today and in fact is president of the commercial state bank in St. Paul, Minnesota. I'm sure Mr. Edward Bremer is one man who can testify to the effectiveness and brilliant detective work of Mr. Hoover and his FBI. We asked the director if he had any comment to add to tonight's presentation. He asked us to say this, that there isn't one hero in the war against crime, but many. Thousands of law enforcement officers at every level of government and more thousands of courageous and alert private citizens without whose cooperation no law enforcement agency could function. In the words of Mr. Hoover, the war against crime is total war. Winning it is everybody's job. Turn in just a moment. We'll be on the Hallmark Hall of Fame and will be 1955. And on behalf of the makers of Hallmark Carbs and all of us associated with the Hall of Fame program, I'd like to wish all of you a most happy and bright new year. In the year to come, as in the past, we will present plays about real people, plays planned for the enjoyment of the whole family. We hope you'll find them both entertaining and stimulating. We want to thank you for joining us on Sundays. Our thanks too for remembering throughout the year the mark and crown on the back of the cards you send. The symbol that you look for when you carry enough to send the very best. Now, here is Edward Arnold. That sounds like an excellent idea to me, Frank. But this is the time of year we all like to do a little stock taking to figure out where we are and where we're going. And this Hallmark date book sounds like a good way to take an inventory of how we're doing on the friendship side. You know, the older I get, the more I realize how much friends mean and how much little acts of thoughtfulness mean in keeping friendships growing. I'm sure the person who uses a Hallmark date book throughout this next year will be a happier person by the end of 1955. Well, next week we're starting out the new year with an exciting story on the Hallmark Hall of Fame. We have Leif Erickson, the famous Viking, who first set foot on the shores of North America more than 1,000 years ago. It's a very exciting adventure and I hope you will join us. And so, until next week this is Edward Arnold saying good night. Third in tonight's cast were Barney Phillips, Harry Bartell, Wendell Holmes, Dick Perrick, Clank Gersall, Lou Krugman, Whitfield Conner, Herb Butterfield, Virginia Gregg, and Roy Glenn Seaman. Next week the Hallmark Hall of Fame on television will present a dramatic story from the life of William Tell. This is Frank Goss saying good night to you until next week at this same time. A true story from the life of Leif Erickson, the famous Viking. The following week, a true story from the life of President Andrew Johnson starring Mr. Edward Arnold on the Hallmark Hall of Fame.


Welcome back to our last example of proof using cases. The proposition we're going to look at this time introduces a function that might be new to you. It's called the floor function. The floor function, and we denote it with these two little symbols that look like absolute value signs, except there's literally a floor on the bottom of them, takes real numbers as input and produces integers as output. Here's the formal definition. The floor of x is defined to be the largest or greatest integer that is less than or equal to x. So for example, the floor of 5.1 is 5, because 5 is the greatest integer that is less than or equal to 5.1. And the floor of 2.99999 is 2, because 2 is the greatest integer less than or equal to 2.99999. The floor function is really important in computer science because it's a way of converting floating point decimals to integers. And informally we can think of the floor function as rounding a real number down to the next integer below it. The proposition for this example involves the floor function. So let's do two concept checks to help you instantiate the definition. First, what is the floor of negative 1.3? Is it 0, 1, negative 1, sorry, negative 2, or negative 0.3? So pause the video and come back when you have an answer. So the right answer here is negative 2. The floor function takes a real number and maps it to the greatest integer that is less than or equal to the input. So that's a downward rounding. It would take negative 1.3 to negative 2, because negative 2 is less than negative 1.3. Remember that negative 2 is less than negative 1, not greater than negative 1. For the second concept check, what is the floor of x when x is an integer? Is it x, x minus 1, x plus 1, or 0? So the answer here will be just x itself. If you start with an integer and round it anywhere, nothing happens, because it's already an integer. So with those two concept checks, I think we have a sense of how the floor function behaves. And with that, we're ready for our proposition. So we're going to prove that for all real numbers x, the floor of x plus the floor of minus x is either 0 or 1. So as we've done before, let's ask three questions before we dive in. First, what did the terms mean? Second, why might we use cases on this problem? And third, what are the cases? So in terms of the terms, I think we're pretty good with what the terms mean at this point. We've instantiated the definition in several different and diverse cases. And if we're still shaky, we could do more examples and use, say, Wolfram Alpha to check our work. So why should we use cases at all? The argument for using cases would come from our experiences. Remember back a couple of videos ago when we were proving something about the absolute value? This is a problem that was in a lot of ways similar to the problem that we have now. Back then, we needed to establish an equation, which we are trying to do now. And back then, the main term involved in the equation had different behaviors based on the input, which is also the case now. So in other words, we've seen a problem that is similar in some sense to our new problem. So what worked on the old problem could map well onto the new problem. Now this illustrates a very important principle of problem solving in general. If you are deciding how to work a problem, look for a similar and related problem to solve and solve it first, or examine its solution for ideas. So finally, what are the cases going to be here? We'll do that as a concept check. Take a look at all the possibilities here for different cases and write down what you think the answer will be. So interestingly, the answer here is going to be E. This proof is going to be kind of interesting and different because here we're going to use two sets of cases. If we think back to our earlier concept check, you might get an idea of how those cases might break down. First of all, we'll split the cases into one where x is an integer and another where x isn't an integer. So here's the first case. If x is an integer, then so is minus x. So as we saw earlier, the floor functions aren't going to do anything. They'll just return x and minus x respectively. When we add those two floors together, we're going to get zero, which is one of the two results in the disjunction that we could get to satisfy that proposition. So this is kind of a divide and conquer strategy. I've divided the proof into cases and then just tackled the easy case. And now onto the not so easy case where x is not an integer. Here, I'm actually going to use two more cases. One, a sub case where x is going to be positive, and another sub case where x is negative. There was technically a third sub case where x is equal to zero, but since zero is an integer, I've already treated that with case one. So why choose positive and negative for these two cases? Well, again, it's because we have an understanding of how the floor function actually works. And I invite you to think back to the instantiations we did earlier in the video. The floor function has a certain behavior for positive numbers that's definitely different than it is for negative numbers. Remember how floor 5.1 was fairly easy to get our minds around, but we had to think a little bit to get floor of negative 1.3. So that difference in behavior serves as a guide in my selection of the cases to use. So first, let's take the case where x is positive. And for this, we're going to let the letter n represent the integer part of x. That's the number the integer you get when you take x and just strip away its decimal parts. For example, the integer part of 5.2 would just be 5. Now, when x is positive, then the floor of x is just n. For example, the floor of 5.1 was equal to just 5, and that's obtained just by stripping away the 0.1. Now, since x is positive, that of course means minus x is negative. Now, think back to what the floor of a negative number is. It's not obtained just by stripping off the decimal part. If I try to just do that with a negative number, I end up going up in value. For example, if I started with negative 1.3 and I just stripped off the decimal, I would get negative 1, which is a greater integer. It's not the same thing as the floor of negative 1.3. To get the floor value, I need to strip off the decimal, but then subtract 1 to get it to go down as it should. So the floor of negative x is the integer part of negative x, which in this case is minus n. But then I have to subtract 1 from that to get the right floor value. And again, an example helps. The floor of negative 4.6 is supposed to be negative 5. So I strip off the decimal to get negative 4, and then to get it to the right place, I have to subtract a 1. So with that, if I add the floor of x and the floor of minus x, I'm going to get n, the integer part of the positive number x, and I'm adding that to negative n minus 1, which is going to give us minus 1. That's one of the possible results we could have for the proposition. Now, the second sub-case is where x is negative. This looks an awful lot like the proof for when x is positive. Only since x is negative, the floor maps to the integer part minus 1, as we discussed earlier. And if x is negative, then minus x is positive. And so the floor of minus x is minus n, and there's no subtraction, because minus n is actually a positive number here. Adding these terms together gives us the result that we need. It's minus 1 this time. So there's the whole proof. I used two sets of cases in the proof, interestingly, and mainly that's just to isolate the parts of the proof that are easy from those that were not as easy, and then do the easy parts quickly and focus energy on the not as easy parts. And notice importantly that the choice of cases stems from a really solid understanding of the terms that are involved, in this case, the floor function itself. So that does it for our videos on proof using cases. The best way to build your skills from here on out is just to study worked examples and think carefully about the decision-making processes that the writer is using when you read this stuff to make cases. And then do a lot of these types of proofs yourself with help from a friend or with your professor. Thanks for watching.