My name is Ken Mayer, I'm going to be your instructor for this course. I want to talk a little bit about my history and experience with a lot of different routing and switching companies. It's really kind of been over two decades. Plus, you know, before this whole world of Cisco came along, I was doing some other things in the high-tech industry. But I've had the opportunity to watch and grow with companies like Cisco, other companies, competitors that I won't mention here as well, which has caused me to be able to have this skill that I need to be able to work with either an enterprise, whether it's small, medium or large, and also in the last, oh, probably 10 years, I've had the opportunity to work with a lot of internet service providers, cellular phone providers, and to be able to fortunately travel around the world, to be able to facilitate not only training, but also in the world of consulting. So when it comes to Cisco, of course, I work with routing and switching. I do work with security, voiceover IP, service provider, routing as well, and probably some other things that I can't even remember. And I do many of those things with other organizations. Now, one of the things that's really great is that a lot of the different types of protocols that we're going to talk about are a lot of open standards, which means that once you understand those quite thoroughly, you can work with almost any provider. It's just a matter of learning the command line. So let's hope that I can do both of that for you during this course, is that you'll be familiar, comfortable with the command lines, and that you have a good understanding of the protocols and the processes, so you understand what it is that you're looking for. And that's kind of my goal is to make sure that you are going to be better at not only working with Cisco's equipment, but, again, having a better understanding of why we implement some of the different types of configurations that we do. Now, in this module, we're going to talk about network design. And what we're going to do is we're going to kind of look at the theory, some hierarchical models, some ideas that help you not just, you know, put a bunch of switches into the closet, wire everything together and call it good. We want to talk about the reasons why we make different choices and how those choices can help you in improving network communications to be able to help you with the scalability or future growth. And we're going to take a look at some of the operations that switches go through in how they can forward packets or frames based on whether or not we're going to be using IP addresses to make decisions or whether they're going to be using MAC addresses. So, yes, our conversation is going to be centric to Ethernet networks. We're not going to talk about any other type of Layer 2 encapsulation model. So that's our focus, and that's what we're going to discuss and show you. Give you some demonstrations about some of the command lines that we use to be able to, if anything, just verify that switching is working the way we intended it to. So we're going to introduce and discuss this whole thing called the Cisco hierarchical model. It's a model that's been around for a while, although over time it has, you know, changed a bit to address other issues, some of which like security, but I'll talk about that. But when we look at the hierarchical model, what we're going to do is we're going to discuss the problems that we have with what we call a flat network. Now, a flat network just simply means that all of your endpoints, the printers, your wireless access points, your laptops, your BYOD, they bring your own devices, computers, desktop servers, they're all on the same subnet, basically, what we would normally call the same broadcast domain. And the problem that we have is that, I mean, you can certainly add more to it, but as you add more and more devices into this flat network, you'll see that you really don't have the scalability you want because of the thing called a broadcast storm. And I'll try to diagram that and make sure we all understand that. And then that's where we're going to move to the Cisco hierarchical network, where we'll talk about things like the access layer, the distribution layer, and the core layer so that you have a good understanding about the benefits that we have, even if you don't think future growth is in the future. Boy, does that sound somewhat redundant? Anyway, let's hope that it is. For your company, for your organization, we always want to be able to think about growth, but we also want to think about application support. If you decide one day to start to converge your traffic and move from just data to voiceover IP, or maybe to video, we're going to see some big problems when it comes to a flat network, and we're going to see how we can address those with the Cisco hierarchical network. So I'm going to build a flat network first, and whenever you see me put these little squares in because I'm not going to take the time to put the little arrows in between each one, that's going to be representing a switch. In this case, a Layer 2 switch. By Layer 2, I mean it's going to make all of its forwarding decisions based on an Ethernet MAC address, the thing we call that, Burned-in address. And let me make some connections between these. Make sure we have some redundancies so we can cause loops without spanning tree. And you can imagine with all of these switches, whether you want to think that I'm drawing multiple floors or, you know, just where they are in the rack, whatever, the case here is, is that each one of these? I mean, at the low end, right, we have switches that are going to be 24 ports, maybe 48 ports. And again, I'm talking about the low end of the product line. And if you think about all these endpoints that are connected to it, they are at least not sharing the bandwidth. These aren't hubs, so they all get their own, you know, gigabit Ethernet speed. Maybe it's 10 gigs between the switches, you know, we're trying to accommodate for aggregation. But once any one of these computers connected here sends a broadcast, that broadcast, by rule, is going to be flooded to every switch in the network, which means all these uplinks that you have are going to be basically used up on their bandwidth from each of the broadcasts traffic that is sent. And you start multiplying that number of broadcasts being flooded amongst all of the different computers and all of the different computers or endpoints that are going to start or initiate these broadcasts. What we end up with here is having what we call a broadcast storm. Now, broadcast storm just simply means that once a broadcast is sent, everybody within this area is going to be hearing that broadcast, whether it was meant for them or not. And so not only is it using these, what we would call trunk links between the switches, but it's also going to be eating up connectivity and communications for all the other endpoints. Now, technically, it's not just broadcast traffic that is going to be sent all over the place. We have to flood what's called bum traffic, where the B stands for broadcast traffic, the one I just mentioned. But there's another type of traffic that switches have to flood. It's called the unknown unicast. That's when the destination MAC address doesn't exist in the switches' cam table. So it has to send a flood out to try to help find that destination machine. And then, of course, there's multicast. So that's the BUM. I just like calling it bum traffic. It sounds fun. All right. So maybe in your network design, and this, by the way, it would be the example of a flat network design because we're all on the same broadcast domain. So when we look at this, you might say, well, right now it's controllable. Maybe you've decided through your own network analysis that this bum traffic isn't causing you that much of a problem. But then I have to ask the question, what happens if you need to expand your network, that you need to expand and add more ports for the computers, the endpoints to connect into? What's going to happen when we add that other switch? How much more broadcast traffic are we going to acquire? In other words, it's very difficult to grow your network when you have a flat network. So then comes the hierarchical design. And in the hierarchical design, I had mentioned three layers. I'm going to talk about each one a little bit more detail as we go. But one of the ideas was, and this is how we originally looked at things, is that when we had this flood or this broadcast storm coming in, one of the implementations we started using was some sort of layer three device. So if I could replace this thing at the top, well, let's say a router, a router would create different broadcast domains. In other words, routers were not allowed to propagate a broadcast from one segment to another. Everything going through the router, with the exception of multicast, of course, had to be a unicast address so that we could control that propagation. But then we would have to redesign these connections that we have, like take away this little connection here, so that we're not circumventing the router by any means. We also used VLANs to help control broadcast traffic. But if you think about it, VLAN where I might choose, let me again get rid of some of these other little lines, let's connect these two. When we had VLANs, it was pretty much the same as having a router. What I mean by that is that we might have created a smaller broadcast domain, and maybe there's another VLAN here for another broadcast domain, but we still had to have a layer 3 device to be able to get from one VLAN to the other. In other words, it was no longer flat once you started implementing those types of solutions. And those solutions are very important because it also facilitated the eventual growth of your network. So when we start looking then at the hierarchical model, and like I said, I'll talk a little bit more about this, we're going to talk about having what we call the access layer. And at the access layer, depending on how you put it together, not all the switches are connected to each other in the access layer. But the access layer gets its name because that is the first point of access for most endpoint devices. So that means that in this access layer that I'll put down here, that I can have my printers, my laptops, my smart phones, or other smart devices all making their first point of entry into this network. Let's see how good my Vizio of a printer is there. And so if the traffic was local, all things were good. They could talk to each other off those local switches that they're all connected to. But the idea was, whether I use VLANs or not, was to limit that broadcast traffic. I didn't want the broadcast traffic to still to flood. And so often what we would do is we would move and we often call these a distribution switch. Some people might call them a multi-layer switch. Multi-layer, right? That means that they can make forwarding decisions at layer two, MAC addresses, and they can make decisions on forwarding at layer three with IP addresses. I'm creating what we call an ether channel, which is later on in our course between those. And so we would send our traffic up here instead of trying to connect them down at the bottom. Whether we use VLANs or not, that is another design issue. But the idea here now is that to get from, let's say, one part of the access layer to another part of the access layer, we would go through the distribution layer and then be able to avoid having those large broadcast domains. And it would be easier to start adding new switches for the access layer because all I would have to do is adding a new switch, is just make sure that it can get to the distribution layer. Would we still use VLANs? Absolutely. VLANs not only created broadcast domains, but they also helped us with a lot of security types of problems. Now, in some cases, in our distribution layer, especially if we had long distances or different buildings in our campus and we might not connect these distribution layers together, we would also have this other layer called the core layer. The core layer would have, of course, a higher performing multi-layer switch. It could use a router, but I'll give you that example here in just a second. But the idea now is that the core layer was designed to move traffic at a very high speed. Why would I use another multi-layer switch, a more powerful one than a router? It just kind of depends because outside of the core layer, if I have to leave to go into the, let's say, the world of the Internet, then in doing so, I'm going through a service provider. If I'm not leaving through what we call Metro Ethernet and maybe taking some other WAN type of technology, a router does good at translating from Ethernet to that other layer 2 encapsulation to get you out to the worldwide web. And so that's where I might generally see a router because we're actually translating from Ethernet to some other type of interface or communications. So those are the three layers of the hierarchical design and as I said, I'll talk about each one in a little more detail as we go into all of those. But I hope what you're seeing here is the ability for your network to grow and to be able to, what we call scaling out without really flooding the whole world with that bum traffic. We want to be able to control it, give us better service, and you know, there's just so many other really cool things we can do here, it's very important for us. But that is what they call a hierarchical design. All right, so let's talk about each of those in a little bit more detail. So let's look at that access layer. That access layer, as I said, we're generally talking about switches. But that's not the only way into the access layer to have a switch. You might also have a wireless access point. We're talking about the wireless, by the way. Our antenna is on the side. And that access point generally is going to a switch in the access layer. All right, so let's talk about that access layer. As I said, it's the entry point of any end point device. By end point, what I mean is that the traffic going to that device is not going to be relayed. I mean, a switch, that's a transit type of device. Traffic coming in, we're expecting it to be forwarded to another end point. So that's what I mean by the end points. So we could, again, like I said, we could have computers hooked up, we could have printers hooked up. You know, in today's day and age, we might have telephones, right? The voice over IP phones hooked into our access layer. Let's put a wireless person over here, right? Making that connection to the access point. So what we see at this access layer, and remember that's going off eventually into the distribution layer, is that we might have a convergence of different types of traffic. As I just got through saying, I could have voice over IP, voice traffic, regular data traffic, maybe some sort of video, if that hopefully looks like a camera on a tripod, could be a video voice over IP phone, but it's a variety of different types of traffic. So that's where we start seeing the convergence. Now, from the time that Cisco first started talking about this hierarchical model, I didn't mention this as another option, which is introducing security at this layer. It used to be it was just the distribution layer where we talked about security. But as we know, in today's world, we need to have security at every layer we can. We talk about when hackers are trying to break into the network. And remember, I'm talking about the OSI model when I talk about layers. So at layer two, that was the data link layer. And that is a type of encapsulation, a way of encoding your data into the way it's going to be transmitted as a bunch of ones and zeros. And then above that was the IP at layer three, called the network layer. And yes, I know if you're in this switch course, you're more than familiar with all of these layers. But the reason I'm taking the time to talk about it here is that in the earlier days, we didn't really see security introduced at this layer. And the idea was that a hacker could break in and take your network over at layer two. That means they generally owned all of the layers that were above it. And so, you know, when it comes to security, this becomes a new place to introduce that security. So I got to be careful. I don't turn this into a security class. Anyway, one of the very common types of security that we're seeing now is this port-based authentication, 802.1x. Remember, this is an IEEE specification. And everything that starts with 802.1 is really the category for switching. I don't want you to confuse this with 802.11, which is all about this wireless access point here. But we can use 802.1x there as well. Anyway, port-based security just meant that if somebody walked into your office and decided to plug their laptop into your network, and hoping that your DHCP server would give them the IP address and gateway information, that they could start moving through your network. And 802.1x basically says, no, you have to authenticate. You have to be able to provide me with a username, password, combination. You or the machine that you plugged in, either one of them, has to be able to authenticate and prove that you have the access privileges to get there. And in some cases, we can even now create security lists with what we call the VLAN access control list. And that's pretty cool, because we can control traffic per VLAN if we wanted to. And later on, you're going to hear us talk about private VLANs, which can add another layer of security. But so that's kind of, like I said, new within... Well, I say new because I've been working with Cisco pretty much since the company was founded in some way or another, and that was never a discussion that we would have before. And also at the access layer, obviously we support multicast. I mean, if you think about it, if I'm going to send out a video stream, that video stream is starting at the access layer. And with multicast, very important that we don't treat it like a broadcast. You know, if there's only a few computers that are in the access layer that want the multicast stream, it'd be nice if our switches can also help to make sure that that's the case. So that's what multicast is all about. So coming from the access layer that I just described is all of this traffic from multiple switches. And as I said, we probably would be using what we call a multi-layer switch. Okay, so a multi-layer switch by its design is actually much faster than a lot of your routers. Remember I said the purpose I might choose routers for is to do some layer two translation, going from Ethernet to whatever else you might be using in the old days technology like HDLC, PPP. Oh, hopefully never frame relay again. But anyway, it acts as a traffic aggregation. We do kind of hope that at the access layer we can keep as much traffic local as we can. But you see, there was this old, you know, in the old days we had what they called the 20-year rule at the access layer that 80% of the traffic stayed local and 20% had to be routed or forwarded to some other location. But with today's cloud services, private or public cloud, with the advent of server farms, with going to the internet, that's changed. Now most everything is the 20-80 rule which is 20% of your traffic stays local, 80% is going out, maybe even more. So that's why we say the first thing that they have there is traffic aggregation because what we have is a lot of streams of data coming in to a central point. You know, maybe we have other distribution components which would be great so they can connect to other access layers and that's where we'll eventually get to the core layer. And so our decisions here are usually what we called routing. The reason I call it forwarding is when we get into kind of the model that's all put together, you get kind of a better picture of why I like the idea of layer 3 forwarding. Routings has simply meant looking at the IP address, assuming that you're using an IP network and then making a routing decision about the outbound interface. But all this traffic is coming in being aggregated from all these other parts of your access layer. So here in the distribution layer, I'm just going to type DIST so I don't have to spell the whole word, we aggregate it, we make the routing decisions and the idea is that our traffic can come in one interface from one part of the access layer. After we look at the IP address then it can go out to whatever the destination part of that traffic is, what's local and that part of the access layer. Another part of our design is redundancy. Because if I did connect it the way you see here we could have a problem with one of those multi-layer switches going down. From now on I'm going to try to call it a distribution switch instead of a multi-layer switch. So what we might see then is in our design at the access layer is having perhaps redundant connections as you see here. So I always have a different method or way to get out. Or as we move on to some other topics later in our course we'll talk about some of these things that call the first hop redundancy protocol which is another set of protocols that we get to that try to get rid of that single point of failure. In any event, what we're trying to do here is have the redundancy in the design so that as I said we don't lose big chunks of our network. But where I told you what was new with the access layer where we started adding in this idea of security this is where security we used to tell people was the first place that security was introduced. In fact it was about the only place that we tried to introduce security so in layer three we could create an access control list and to be able to utilize that access control list as a packet filter firewall. For that matter we might have even had firewalls in there that were stateful and did a little bit more for us. But it was still a way of controlling the traffic to make sure maybe the traffic from our end users might not have access to the part of maybe human resources networks and so we could control that through the distribution layer. Of course I also told you we're adding phones and by the way if you don't recognize this symbol there was a day that phones had this little handset you picked up and a little dial so you could dial the numbers and that's about the best phone I know how to draw so that's what those little things are the little curve is the handset. But one of the things we have a problem with is I said hey we do traffic aggregation that means there might be a competition for the services of the distribution layer to forward packets because it's dealing with a lot of packets and so we also introduced QOS quality of service so we could give preference to traffic who's really if it had latency latency meaning it takes a while for the packets to move could really damage that service. In a phone call we just hate having things sound like they're breaking up we don't like to miss packets or drop packets we don't want to make it sound like they're talking through a blender so we also introduced QOS in there as well and of course we could also filter other types of services from a lot of the needs of somebody else trying to do a service that probably isn't part of what we asked for so and that filtering I'd probably put more with the firewalls there at the distribution layer but that's what we're looking at then of course depending on your design as I said if what I just drew let's say was building A on your campus and I need to get to building B then I would probably go through as I said the core layer and the core layer as you're about to see is got a different designation a different type of what it's trying to accomplish for us so at the core layer and I know you're probably getting tired of seeing me write access hopefully spell it right at the distribution and as I just got through saying I might need to get from building A over here to building B I mean this is one example this could all be in the same building it's just I'm trying to conceptually give you an idea of what's happening here and so what happens is we'll send our traffic from one part of our network or campus building into the core and we're still going to be using a multi-layer switch and here all we're really worried about is high speed when I say high speed that generally means that we're not involved in enforcing security policies at the core layer if you think about it when you start adding your devices to inspect every packet to make sure it's approved you're going to be slowing down that throughput of traffic security services does that and it should do that but it's not more complex it's not just looking at a routing table and saying oh that's where it goes there's more to it takes a little more processing power so we want the core to be high speed and if you think about it you had to pass a security check at the distribution layer to even be able to get your traffic up to the core layer and so it's built for high speed but again it could be an aggregation port of distribution layers and we also should have redundancy just like we did at the distribution layer to avoid a single point of failure now there's a lot of different things we can do to do what's called fast conversion fast conversion simply means if one of my connections goes down and I still want to be able to afford my traffic I have to find the next best route to get there and depending on some of the things we'll talk about when we get into the routing protocols we can do what we can do to do that fast convergence that means I don't want to wait 40 seconds which might happen with some routing protocols for you to find the next best route because 40 seconds is going to end a phone call it's going to break sessions this is not good I want to get this if I could I'd love to get my convergence to less than one second if that's at all possible so at worst I might miss a packet or two if I'm doing a core layer I can move on to maybe a building C and have even that future growth availability so the core layer is all about speed and that's kind of our goal in this hierarchical model


Do you guys like owning your games? It is a serious question. And one that I think is always important to talk about as we head into the launch of a new platform. And we presume we're gonna get a Nintendo Switch 2 here in 2024. And with that being the case, this is a question that it's gonna be on a lot of people's minds heading in. Some of us worry about subscriptions and all digital futures. And some people even criticize Nintendo over NSO, a subscription service, because it took away your ability to buy individual games like Virtual Console. So it's quite interesting. Now, if you actually know the legalities around everything, you will know that at least here in the United States, video games are considered pieces of software, which is technically what they are. And as pieces of software, you can't actually own the software. You can own a license key for that software. So it's just like when you buy Windows 11 or whatever. You don't own Windows 11. You own a license key to use Windows 11 that can always be revoked. The same thing is true with video games. You don't really own the game. You own a key to use said game that could be revoked. Now, when you buy games physically, we all know it's pretty hard to remove your access key and block a game physically on your system. It can be done, especially if it's a game that requires using the internet all the time. We got massively multiplayer game. We got Call of Duty. Absolutely, they could find ways to block your physical disc or physical cartridge or whatever from working, but it's pretty rare. And a lot of us, at least Nintendo fans, we play a lot of single player games that maybe don't necessarily require internet. And so because of that, if you own a physical copy, it's pretty hard from the do anything about it. Now, digitally, they can obviously rip your digital rights away, but physically, it's not really something that we need to worry about that much. It's been very difficult to enforce these license key practices on physical copies of games. Hence why you can resell them and sell them on eBay, GameStop, wherever the heck you wanna sell your games at and buy used games as well. And this has been true the entire time, dating all the way back to the very first cartridges on Atari and all of that stuff. So look, this isn't actually new, is what I'm trying to say. We've all technically lived in this reality for a long time, just as digital purchases and subscription services get more and more popular like Game Pass, it is something where people are worried someday the option to actually own your games may go away. And you know what? You know who's telling you that you need to start worrying about that? Ubisoft, everyone's best friend, right? Let's see what they had to say. As they're trying to let us know, hey, gamers, you just shouldn't care about owning games. In fact, get used to it and you see in Ubisoft execs as gamers need to get comfortable not owning their games for subscriptions to take off. So the context is gamers gotta be comfortable with it before anything really happens. But let's dive in. An executive at Assassin's Creed maker, Ubisoft, has said gamers will need to get comfortable not owning their games before video game subscriptions truly take off. Speaking to discuss the launch of Ubisoft's new Ubisoft plus premium and Ubisoft plus classics subscription, Philip Tremblay, director of subscriptions at Ubisoft explained to gaming industry.biz what needs to happen before subscription services become a more significant slice of the video game business. I don't have a crystal ball, but when you look at different subscription services that are out there, we've had a rapid expansion over the last couple of years but it's still relatively small compared to other models. Goes on to say we're seeing expansion on consoles as the likes of PlayStation and Xbox bring new people in on PC from an Ubisoft standpoint. It's already been great. But we are looking to reach out more on PC so we see opportunity there. One of the things we saw is that gamers are used to a little bit like DVD having and owning their games. That's the consumer shift that needs to happen. They get comfortable not owning their CD collection or DVD collection. That's a transformation that's been a bit slower to happen in games. As gamers grow comfortable in that aspect, you don't lose your progress. If you resume your game at another time, your progress file is still there. That's not been deleted. You don't lose what you've built in the game or your engagement with the game. So it's all about feeling comfortable with not owning your game. I still have two boxes of DVDs. I definitely understand the gamers perspective with that. But as people embrace that model, they will see that these games will exist, the services will continue, and you'll be able to access them when you feel like it. That's reassuring. Streaming is also a thing that works really well with subscription. So you pay when you need it as opposed to paying all the time. Now, look guys. I understand where Mr. Tremblay is coming from. He's not saying that we just need to outright stop caring about owning games. He's already saying for subscription services to really take off, it is an aspect that we need to let go of. Personally, I think it's a little ridiculous to expect us to let go of it. When you think about even the streaming services like Netflix and all of this and the physical media, guess what? You can still buy DVDs and Blu-rays. You can also still buy music CDs. That's still a thing that you can actually purchase, believe it or not. And I don't just mean digital versions. I mean physical copies.  But online, you absolutely can find the latest albums physically. You can find the latest, greatest movies physically, even ones that end up on Netflix and stuff. If they get big enough, they end up getting physical copies that you can buy online. So it's kind of weird where he thinks there can't be a shared universe of subscription services and physical purchases because that's exactly what exists in the music and movie industry. It's a shared industry. Everything isn't subscription. Physical is very much still a thing. So I don't really know why we have to accept not owning games, even though I know technically we just own a license. Still, I just don't get it. I don't understand this mentality and I honestly think that it's just a little disrespectful. I will note that the full report, not all the headlines you're seeing out there, the full, this is why I wanted to read IGN's article because a lot of the other ones are a headline beta new and the thing in Ubisoft is basically saying you shouldn't care and treating gamers like crap. And that's not really what they're saying. This person is just the person who leads Ubisoft subscription services and he thinks the only way their services can really blow up the way they want is if people stop caring about this ownership thing. But here's the problem and this is the huge issue with subscription services and I say issue because it's really only an issue for certain services and that would be the fact that when you don't own content and the biggest reason that we buy physical copies or even buy individual digital copies, the biggest reason we do this is because we don't want our access taken away. Even with a digital copy, if you already have it downloaded and installed, chances are no one can take that away from you. Obviously your system can break or whatever and then you won't be able to be downloaded if they removed it off the store. But at least until then you had access just like you had access to your physical copy unless someone snapped your disk in half or whatever, right? The big thing with subscription services is they can just add and remove games at a whim and you won't have any choice on that. That is the part that people really have an issue with subscription game services. Now you might go, why don't they have an issue with this with things like Netflix? Well, all the Netflix original series, none of that stuff leaves Netflix. It's all there. The only ones that even left was this whole daredevil marvel situation after Disney got involved and even all of those shows are back. They're just on a different subscription service but all of Netflix's true original content is still right there on Netflix. The only things that are in and out are the things they don't own rights to like the Mario movies on Netflix right now. It's not going to be on Netflix forever, right? They don't own the rights to it. So that kind of content's always gonna shift in and out but it's a little different when you subscribe to something like an Ubisoft service. You're gonna suspect that every single Ubisoft published game is just gonna remain available in these services but that's not always the case and because games go in and out without the users getting really a lot of say it makes people super nervous to stop buying games and only subscribe for access because again, there's no guarantee the games you truly want to play are always gonna remain there and this is the fundamental issue with all streaming services but especially with video game ones when right now we could just buy the game and keep access even buying it digitally for the most part. Like I bought Age of Empires 4 digitally from Microsoft I'm like 99% sure I'm gonna keep access to that but if I only had to access it through Game Pass do I know it's always gonna be on Game Pass and Game Pass servers are always gonna be up for me to log into and access things? No, but guess what? Right now if my internet goes down because it's the winter and a winter storm hits and I still have electricity but my internet's down I can still play Age of Empires 4. So that is a concern as well like you can't access things without actually being online and I know we live in a world where most of us playing video games are always online anyways but there are times that we're not and we still wanna access our games that's one thing that makes Nintendo Switch so damn popular when I'm playing this in portable mode I rarely have this connected to the internet outside of my home. So it's really cool that I can like go on trips and just play games without worrying about the internet so I don't know. I think that that is maybe a bigger thing than people just accepting they don't own games. I don't know. It's an interesting conversation anyways and I wanted to throw it to you guys today because this is big news and it's you know for us the bigger news is we head into a new generation because new generations always equal refreshes on how we consume and purchase games, right? Like we're probably staring down the barrel of $70 games being a more consistent thing if not the standard pricing on Nintendo Switch 2 we're staring down the Nintendo Switch online service like the expanding into more and more things and we're also staring down the barrel of what's happening with Game Pass and streaming services and how that impacts the whole of gaming. So hey, I just wanna get your thoughts on all of this. What do you think about what the Ubisoft representative said and I'll catch you guys in the next video.


Welcome back folks to another episode of Let's Play Dragon Quest 3 on a tennis switch. Last episode we did quite a bit of grinding and treasure hunting and it's one cave off to the north. And unfortunately we had to retreat early because we were almost about to die and we luckily made it out without getting killed and losing half our gold which would have sucked because of how much stuff we managed to get. So we're going to jump over, press X accidentally. So used to Dragon Quest XI's controls. We're going to go over to Corrieve which has better equipment. A few kind of good stuff they got here. So this place has really good armor, weapons, all that good stuff. Now I could get one of these but that would be a lot of money, that would use up all the money I have. Or alternatively I could grab one of these and it would make my defense a lot higher. I think I'm going to grab, that's actually really good, that'll make her awesome. Alright she's going to get one of these. I'm going to give this a terra, she's going to equip it. Now next what I'm going to do is this scale shield. I want that scale shield for myself. I think it'll be, it'll make a difference it looks like. A big difference. That steel broadsword would be nice too. If I sell the copper sword, if I sell the bronze shield, I'll have enough money for that new shield that I wanted. Scale shield. Okay I'll get that to myself and equip that. Now I should probably go, actually I'm going to, the town to the north actually doesn't even have an inn that works. So we're going to rest up here on to the next place. Okay so head over to Norvik and from here we're going to actually go westward to this cave right here. Damn this is a hard, hard decision. Alright what I'm going to do is hit the raven lunatic and see how tough everyone is now. Oh wow, you saw how much damage she did?  So terra is really strong now. Alright we'll try, we'll try to keep, oh wow. She's really tough now with this iron claws and Ragnar did a really good job too. On keeps using up all of magic. Okay nice, almost done with this guy. And he's done for. That made a bit of a difference and that's a lot of gold we got actually. We could grind. Now this must be the fairy village that I was told about. Hello, welcome to super secret fairy village. He wasn't supposed to tell me that. I took a horse, Winnie, interesting. So this must be the village that cursed those other people into becoming sleepy. Oh there's an old man. Hello, I'm expecting you to have been to Norvik and seen the sleeping people. The sleeping is the fault of his son. If you're not be running about the princess of the fairies, he ran off with the princess fairy. He came here to make an apology but the queen will not listen. What can he do? Oh wow. So the son and the fairy princess ran off. Oh she's scared. She thinks I'm gonna kidnap them because they don't like humans. Oh they don't sell stuff to humans. That must be the fairy queen looking to run a little crown on. Where humans in our village are supposed to be fairies only. Her daughter and a seed fell in love with a human boy. They took one of the fairy treasures and dream stone and ran off. How am I gonna get the dream stone back then? That's weird. Part of me wants to go back into that cave and explore the cave a little more just to see what kind of treasure they got. This time I think I can handle it. Last time we were too close for comfort, we almost died but this time I think we can handle them. Let's fight these dracks. Terror can kill one of them in one hit probably. They're not quite. Geez. Don's gotta heal himself up. He's really getting close to getting killed all the time. So yeah as you can see the iron claw made a big difference. Almost if. Alright so we defeated those guys. Now what I'm gonna do is actually I'm gonna use magic to heal myself because there's gonna be a place that automatically heals everyone and it also restores your magic so you might as well use as much magic as you can in this cave. Alright some morphine mushrooms. And of course the one on the left is one you want to go to. And here we are into the healing place, the room of healing. This place seems a little bit like a trap because you end up getting attacked on the way out from healing anyway. You know Don had attacked the Vlad it would have killed him probably. Geez. Okay. At least he's got plenty of magic to heal himself with. When we get to level 10 hopefully we'll be able to fight Robin Hood and go up against him. Yeah of course. Morphe mushroom is the only one we want to get rid of. Nice one hit kill. That wasn't too bad. We're a lot tougher than we were before. And we're getting more gold. Nice. Now we gotta get out of here as quickly as possible. Up here. The enemy are too stunned to move. Huh. Okay nice Don. Don took that guy out. Alright so those bull mo's still don't stand a chance against us now. They're hitting Kasap even though we already got Kasap once. Our Ragnar is going to take this one down. Alright not a bad team. Oh Don's leveled up to 10. He learned sap and snooze. That'll come in handy. Let's go up this time. I want to see what's up here. Alright we're going to attack these Morphe mushrooms. Tara is so tough. She's so fast and she's so powerful. Peace. Okay. This is the last time we did not go up here. We don't know what's up here. So we're not sure. Oh here we go. Seed of strength. Nice. Let's check who's got the lowest strength. So me and Tara have equal strength. Ragnar's got a ton and Don's got a ton. If I give the seed of strength to Tara. It'll probably do good for her. Well I only did one. I was going to the left, not her chest. Alright so I'm going to attack these guys. These guys. These guys. She knocked one out. And Don could have put them to sleep probably. She didn't do as well that time. Okay. Not doing too bad. It's funny that a dog can cast spells. That's basically what's happening, right? Tara's speed and her power being really high. That'll do nothing but good stuff for us. Iron Lance. No way. Uh, yeah I want the Iron Lance equipped. Wait. If I transfer this to... If I transfer this...  If I transfer to Ragnar. 76. 65. I think I need it a little more. And he's using the copper sword still.  Watch this. Alright time to go down. Yeah I'm a lot tougher this time. Well actually, maybe I should give it to him because his insane amount of damage he'll be dealing will actually be more, it'll be able to kill guys in an entire, in like one hit. I think that's what'll happen.  I'm going to head left. Going down there is a trap right now. Tyrio. A leather dress. Who can wear that? It would be good for her. There's a lot of good loot here. Here it is. That's gotta be it. The Dreamstone. That's the Dreamstone. They'll bring those people back now. There's something carved on the inner side of the lid. Dear mother I hope you can forgive me but if fairies and humans can't be together in this world then we have no choice but to go to the next. They kill themselves or what? Oh my gosh. That's really dark actually. They like, they did like a suicide thing. Wow. Did I fall asleep? Yeah I did fall asleep. Oh I saw a Ragnar killed a guy. Alright I'm going to heal. I'm going to heal myself. I already healed. Okay. Geez. The only person who's awake is her.  Alright. Dead. Oh nice. Two critical hits in a row. Dawn got one. Terror's low of 10. We're close to being able to defeat Robinode now. Okay uh, everyone should be healed. Oh wing. Nice. Is this the exit? Okay. I'm going to try spoofing him. Won't work on one of them please. Okay I thought it would work on at least one of them. Alright let's spoof him. Oh nice. They're really tough. I guess we don't need to spoof them since our guys are so strong. Hey giving Ragnar the iron lance is a great idea. And he's level 11 now. Wow. Up or down. Up just brings me to the same place. Down? Where does that bring me? Oh I've already peen here. I just flee. Yeah I guess I can. We have 990 gold which means we should be able to leave soon with the dream stone in hand. Oh just one of you guys. Okay Dawn just killed this guy. Alright let's get the heck out of here so we can give this dream stone to the fairy queen. Okay I see how it is. Morpheon mushroom you're done. Oh he just put them all to sleep. That was a really good move he did. We're pretty unstoppable at this point actually. Now that I think about it. I think we'll easily be able to beat Robinode now. I should maybe heal up. Alright good job. Almost there. Almost done. Good heal. So now we're close to leaving the cave.  Could be up here now. Down here. And down the stairs. No wrong place. Could be up here. That's where we're supposed to go. Here's the exit. Alright almost at the exit and then we can go over to that fairy queen. Hopefully she'll bring those people back to the land of the Waking. Alright where's the queen? His son. So his son should I tell him that his son is not alive anymore? At the dream stone? Oh no they jumped into the underground lake together and drowned. I think this wakey doesn't go back to Norvik. Oh she's crying. Oh no she must be really regretting what happened now. She caused him. Well it wasn't really her fault. I mean she wasn't approving of it but they didn't have to like. Oh this is really tragic. What happened? Well we have to bring everyone back to Waking. With the waking powder. Wakey dust. It's the wakey dust. Oh looks like it's working. Wakey dust scatters on the wind and whirls throughout the village. Oh wow it worked. Everyone's awake. Was I sleeping? Why was I sleeping outside? Oh the grass grew. Oh it was like years? I hadn't been sleeping for years. The village has gone to Waking Ruin. The weeds are grown so that means they must have been sleeping for a really long time. Uh hi. Oh let's see what goods you got. Steel broadsword. They're very powerful indeed. 1300 so I'm close to having enough for that. I'm very close. With that I could probably destroy Robin Hood. Like he wouldn't even stand a chance against me. Uh how are you doing? Yes you're welcome. Alright let's check out this door he was guarding. Something good's gotta be in here. Oh a book maybe? No interesting books. Saddest story ever told. A boomerang. Hello? Might as well equip it. You can equip and unequip weapons at will during fights by the way. Hello there.  Oh he's going to talk to his grandpa. So we should probably rest up at the village inn. They should get less to stay here for free because we woke everyone up. 20 gold I've saved your life okay? You are not having watched me while I slept are you? Yes.  That's funny. Wait what if you say no?  She's mad because I lied about not seeing her while she was sleeping. Hello? Ortega. Oh no. So she likes Ortega. Big strong man. Hello. I traveled the world and met with a great warrior. None compares to the mighty Ortega Valhalla and he's a true hero. I am his son. He was staying in this room until yesterday. So that means that that thing I must have gotten from his drawer that had to be his right? He was... Wait wait so... Yesterday so... That was years ago. So these people have been sleeping for years. He must have like... Imagine that like how do they survive sleeping for years? Magic key down at Ashim. Ashim is east of Romaria. East of Romaria which means... Okay this place that's where the magic is. East of Romaria. A town called Ashim. Okay okay good. We gotta... We gotta somewhere we know where we need to go. So let's go and find that... That guy Robin Hood. I know where he is. I know his type. We should heal up. Actually what kind of stuff do they have here? They have steel broadsword, iron claws. The steel broadsword would make me more powerful but... I don't have enough money for it. Well actually I could just sell him my copper sword right? Yeah that's enough. Okay now I'm gonna buy your steel broadsword for myself. Of course I'm gonna equip it and there we go. Alright let's test this thing out. Let's go fight that guy. We should actually stay at the inn first I think. 16 gold. Oh I don't have any money. Alright what's fine we'll do a little bit of grinding and then we'll stay at the inn. 21. Jeez 84! Oh he kebabped his friends that's nice of him. Okay. We're all really tough now. We've all got awesome weapons. I have the steel broadsword done as the iron lance. Tara has the steel claws. Looking pretty good so far. Okay so we're gonna go over to the inn. And now we can afford it. Yeah I can afford this now because I already have money now. Having money is good. Alright let's go. These guys think they got me but they don't. Yeah he's already dead. Oh nice Ragnar. Adon should not be using his magic. He keeps using his magic instead of run out. Stop using your magic. I should probably just take control of him. You know I should go back to the town to grab medicinal herbs. So that way we don't have to keep him done. Waste his magic. That would be bad. These guys are annoying. Okay I'm gonna jump back. Okay where's the item? That's the item shop guy right there. Anyway I wonder what would happen if... What would happen if I went to his place in the middle of the night and I grabbed... Yo please be love of course. What if I grabbed those chests while it was nighttime? What would happen then? I want to test that out. I'm gonna buy a bunch of herbs from him. Bunny tail. That would make her luck higher. Okay medicinal herb. Alright more medicinal herb. Oh that's leather dress. Alright I'll give it a terra. Why not? After all she is the fastest which means she can use... She can use medicinal herbs faster than ever and also. Alright so what if we run around the town until it turns night? Good job team. These guys are done for. Alright they're done. When is it gonna turn nighttime?  Everyone is so tough now. Ah it's almost time to turn night. I saw the day turn changed a little bit. Critical. That was really awesome. I'm glad we're all getting really tough now. Okay it's almost night. Oh they suddenly attack. I'm so scared. Killer pillar. I can't believe these guys were tough at one point. Now I'm destroying them easily. Oh you're kebuffing. Good job team. They're suddenly attacking. They're getting scared. You can tell that they're getting scared. Grab it we're attacking first. Even Don is killing people on one head. More bulb.  Level 10 I should be able to defeat Robin Hood. On nighttime. Just wanted to turn nighttime so I can go. Check out that place. I know this town changes a lot at night. There's no other way to change it tonight unfortunately. Alright good job good job. Night time. Okay so things are different at night. Poison needle. Interesting. Whoa whoa whoa what's going on there? He's sleeping and the great martial artist rumors said that he punched off the head of a bear. Rumors lie he sliced it off the bear with an iron claw. Interesting an iron claw just like the one that we have right? Like the one Tara has. She's a martial artist that would must have been a hint. Alright let's check out those chests. Hello he's sleeping. Little does know we're about to rob him blind. Poison needle. An oaken club. Okay we just stole a bunch of stuff from this guy. Let's see now. Where's the poison needle? Here it is. Who can use this thing? Can't equip, can't equip, can't equip. Okay so nobody can equip it which means we're going to be selling it. To make money. Ah but there's one more thing we need to do. Build stoppish close today curses. We're going to go behind this place. Ah you see that? Hidden entrance. Rumors of drinkers say that in the forest west of the village lies the fairies. Well I knew that already. Please to be leaving hastily my husband will see. I'll follow these. Wait wait wait what?  Cause that's her husband that guy right there right? And he's just telling me about fairies and stuff. I mean here looking at his wife sleeping. Okay. It's time to go rest up at the village inn. And what we do next is going to be pretty funny. Yeah I'm exhausted I need to go to sleep. Alright so what we're going to do now is sell this guy's stuff back to him. I wonder if he gets mad and says hey that's mine. Let me try selling it to him. The oaken club and the poison needle is what we bought from him. I stole from him right. Seven gold. I thought that thing was worth like a ton of money. Alright we'll try selling him. I thought it would be worth more than that. What's the point then if it's worth seven gold? I went to all that trouble to steal it. Yeah it's only worth seven gold.  I thought it would be worth like a ton of money. Alright let's go fight Robin Hood. Let's go. Onwards. And maybe I should have attacked the crab bit first. Not that it matters. Yeah we got so tough that it doesn't even make a difference anymore. And now I'm level 10 which means Robin Hood is actually done for now. Alright let's go let's go. Let's fight that guy.  Oh the holy water was still working? Didn't even realize it. Alright hopefully. When there's two stuns to move you can just leave. Alright if I can remember correctly how to get to the top. A lot of baddies in here. Alright good job team. We're close to defeating Robin Hood. Robin Hood. Laddie. That rhymes with baddie. Okay good job. Alright going down. These guys again.  You need it for Robin Hood. Only fight him. Oh wow we've got so tough for this area. We've gone really strong which means Robin Hood is not going to stand a chance against us. You go up here now. Correct yeah you go up there. He's dead. A Don permit. Don got fizzled out of all people. Yeah we've gotten so tough that everything. This is like a cakewalk. Everyone is so easy to beat. Okay jeez. Alright Vladdie you're done for. Come on Don. Oh wow one hit. That's seriously tough. You've gotten very tough. Okay I think you go across the right side now. Yeah that's where you go. Oh no that's where the treasure was. I already got all the treasure. I got all the treasure worth getting here.  Just free money at this point. Climbing up here. Is that a dude? What's he doing here?  Come on cumulus. Okay. Even Ragnar is doing a good job. There should be an exit around here in the corner. Oh man he's going to get such a bad. He's going to get such a beating that guy when I see him. I swear he's going to be like wishing he never messed with me. There he is. That punk. Alright. Alright let's get ready. Additional or plenty of these in the bag. Alright let's use one more. Terra. One Don. Oh he's already full health. Alright and we'll transfer. No reason for Don to have one but I guess we'll give him one just in case. A couple. I'll put these in the bag. Why do I have mini metal on me? See the luck. Transfer that to the bag. Wing. Transfer that to the bag. Saddestory. Transfer that to the bag. Boomerang. I'll keep the boomerang. Transfer this to the bag. Transfer this to the bag. And he's got a lot of junk too. Okay now I'm just going to go get the stuff in the bag of the medicinal herb. Got a lot. I don't have a lot. Yeah I'll transfer that to myself. Okay now we should be ready to beat them. Let's go. Let's go team. We can do it. Guy you don't give up do you? Well if you're so bleeding desperate for a piece of Robin Hood I'll give you one. Come here you. Alright Robin Hood. You're done for. So what we're going to do is we're going to attack the Robin Hoodlum. Robin Hoodlum. Robin Hoodlum. Die. We can beat him. We can beat him. No no don't zap him. Oh we beat him. We beat one of the Robin Hoodlums. Nice thanks for healing Ragnar. Alright Robin Hoodlum you're done for. You're done for. You're done for. Don't heal yourself. Alright I'm going to heal Tara. Watch as she heal. I'm going to heal Tara. Tara can attack. Ragnar can use a medicinal herb on somebody who needs it. Like somebody like himself. Okay nice job Ragnar. Okay so what I'm going to do is attack attack attack. Nice job. We're all doing a really good job.  Heal yourself. He doesn't stand a chance against us. Look how good we're doing.  Yeah we beat him. We finally beat him. Yes. 610. We all survived. We all survived. Ah Ragnar also leveled up. Don leveled up. And he learned Squelch. Nice. Alright alright it's a fair cop. Just give me the poxy crown bag. Just let me go will ya. And here's the thing about this guy. He's going to... You kind of meet him across the game multiple times. And he always asks for forgiveness. And you kind of... The main character is such a nice guy. He always says okay. What if I say no? I'll turn my life around. No. I'll turn my life around. Fine. Fine.  You have to promise to never do bad things ever again. I'm sorry I have to freaking cliff. Alright thanks for the crown bud. Good luck. The king's crown. Nice. Spoke too soon. I'm surprised how well we did. Okay. Animera defeated. Nice. Nice job team. Very good job. Good teamwork. Alright let's zoom on over. Back to Romaria and give that... Give that crown back to the king. But first I think we've earned a rest. So let's rest up. Alright let's head on back to the king's place and see what his deal is. I'm here to talk to the king. Ilure the king waits for you. Go for him. Your highness I have finally found your crown. Yes I did bring that back the crown. A hero indeed. Worthy of my own realm to rule deserving of a crown. What? He wants me to be the king? Will you accept the price as a gift I offer? Of course I'll be the king.  I'm the king. He made me the king. In return to bring the crown back he made me the king. Look at that. I'm the king. Wow. The sprite is literally just him. That's kind of lazy if you're asking me because in the original the sprite would look like the main character but when he robs in like a crown and stuff. But now you turn into an old man somehow. That's kind of... I gotta admit that's pretty lazy. They could have made a new sprite for the main character with the crown on and stuff. Anyway, let's talk to my new royal subjects.  Wow. Why king chief? Oh wow. They're gonna find me a princess to marry. Wow. This day is just getting way better and better. Sing a song for me. Yes. Yes. Sing a song for your king. Let's explore the royal castle grounds now as the king. You are now a new king. Do not leave the town. I've got an adventure to go on. Of course I'm gonna leave town. I bet I can get free stuff since I'm the king. Hello my guardsman. Wow. I have my own castle now. I am the king. I gained about 60 years worth of age. Hello peasant. Let's go talk to that prisoner and rub it in his face that I'm the king now. Huh. Hello. Hey come back here. I need to talk to you for stealing from my country. King? You're having a giraffe, ain't you? Didn't you let Robin Hood escape?  And in a soft touch like you the reins.  Listen. I have the mercy of a king. Okay. That's a very strong skill that needs to be developed over time. Alright let's go talk to more people while I'm a king. Oh I bet I can open his doors since I'm king now. Oh I can't. I thought I would be able to open the king door. Let's head downwards. Il Ray himself. He looks so much younger. All these people are buying that I'm the king. I bet I can get free. Yes. Oh you can't. I can't stay at the end. Hello there miss. I'm here to visit you. Yes I'm here to speak to a humble traveler. I always talk to the little people you know. Okay. There's gotta be more people I can talk to as a king. Oh you can knock the king is right here. Oh he wasn't gonna sell me anything. The previous king went downstairs here. That's weird. Wait wait. I'm not lowering the taxes. I'm gonna raise the taxes so I can make more money. Alright time to go back on the adventure. Wait what? Uh excuse me I got a world to save. The arch mean is not gonna fight himself. What's going on here? It's too dangerous for me to leave town. For my security I have to stay within the town gates. What the heck? I have to go out. I have to go do stuff.  This is not right. I gotta go talk to the other king to see what the deal is. They don't let me leave the town. Hi. What are you doing in a place such as this? Hello. I'm your king.  She likes to cape. All these people are asking me why I'm here. Where's the king at? The other one. The real king. Okay. He doesn't have anything to say to me. Oh that must be the king. Well my friend is the former king. He looks younger than me. And may I say that being a commenter is much more fun than he had managed it. Have you tried gambling? It's most amusing. How goes the governing? Is it a throne to your liking? Uh I don't like it at all. I can't leave. Yes I want to relinquish my title. I need to leave. Okay. Back to normal. And I'm wasting myself but it seems you're quite the well-loved ruler. Okay well time to save. I so wish to hand down the crown that way so heavy on my brow to you. Uh he just wanted to get rid of being king so he can have fun. Alright we're going to save here. Being king is fun and all but I got adventuring to do and running around the world and exploring and stuff. Uh we're not continuing. Rest well. So yeah that'll end today's episode here. Thanks for watching and I'll see you next time when we continue on our adventure uh eastward where we can find the magic key apparently. So that should be that should be fun. So see you next time. Bye.


This is Stink Tech, Hawaii. Community matters here. I'm Marcia Joyner and we are navigating the journey. For those of you that have been with us the last two years, you know, we talk about our wishes and our desires as we move through life toward the end of life. And I'm 80, so the end looks really close. But there's one part about that journey that we somehow don't talk about, and that is the cost of medical care. My friend, Alan Burdick, is here because he is an advocate for universal health care, and all of the... He gave me something here just a minute ago that was unbelievable. Hawaii health insurance premiums are projected to skyrocket to $14,000 per person. Now, most of us don't make $14,000, and $42,500 for a family of four in the next eight years. So Alan, talk to us. Tell us, what do we do? Where do we go from here? Okay, well, this is a problem that I've been looking at for a while, starting with my focus from a while back. First, I want to thank you very much, Marcia, for the opportunity to speak on this. I've been looking at health care issues with some degree of concentration since the time that Obama pushed through what we now affectionately call the Obamacare law back in 2010, which was, to my mind, an extreme disappointment because what it did was locked in the kind of health care that we have had, some of the worst parts, some very good parts, though, but based on employment-based private insurance, although the key thing that he did do that has been helpful, if you're not in a Republican state, is increasing the ceiling of eligibility for people to get Medicaid from the federal government. And Medicaid, in a very, very gross kind of way, can be equated to Medicare. Well, let's just add this one caveat. Medicare is the fed, and we pay into it out of our social security. Medicaid is the state. That comes out of the state's budget, and the feds kick in X number of dollars into that. But we have 350,000 people in Hawaii on Medicaid, and that does not come out of your social security. That is correct, but what I'm looking at is- No, I'm just- The benefits. No, I'm just talking about the definitions. So as you talk, people understand what we're talking about. Okay, yeah. I mean, what we're looking at is whether people are covered for medical needs and for people who are covered by Medicare, which is, of course, a pay-in system. That's why it's an entitlement. We are entitled to Medicare benefits because we have pay-in. That is something that we get benefits from. Conversely, people who are on Medicaid, which is- There's a lot of federal money in Medicaid, and it's administered by the states. It's a weird form of federalism, and that's where the Supreme Court was able to, you know, trip up Obama's plan there and basically allow governors and or legislatures that are hostile to what Obama was trying to do to basically veto the expansion of Medicaid into their states, and that's why half the country does not have Medicaid expansion. We're getting a little sidetracked here, but the basic point is this, that what we have had continues to be employment-based private insurance unless you've got Medicare or Medicaid to protect you. And what we need to do is get beyond that. And it's amazing that- and it's really important to recognize that- and this is really one of the good things that has come out of Obamacare- is that attitudes have changed very rapidly. It was barely two years ago that Hillary Clinton very fiercely stated- in January of 2016- that the United States will never, ever have single-payer. Never, ever. Okay, now what is single-payer? Well, single-payer is- and I don't want to get hung up because we get technical difficulties in 14-foot notes on what it is, single-payer is, for many people, a way of saying Medicare or anything else where a single agency pays the bill. For example, as with Medicare, when you have a claim, it is paid ultimately by the government. Although, yeah, recently Medicare, because of things like Advantage and so on, you wind up having private insurance in there in complicating the thing. But the basic idea was the notion- I mean, single-payer gets somewhat equated with the notion of universal care. The idea of universal care is everybody gets covered. Everybody in, nobody out. And that's what we're looking for. Currently, in the United States as a whole, we have, I forget the number, something like 30 million people are still not insured, even though Obamacare has been on the books for something like eight years. How is it that they're not covered, at least partially? Well, partly because the Supreme Court let Republican governors and Republican legislatures veto the expansion of Medicaid. And those people who are not covered by that expansion of Medicaid are often completely out of luck, because they simply cannot afford private insurance. I don't understand how a governor could veto that. And what happens to their people? They suffer. Ask Republicans. I know that you can't answer that, but it just seems strange to me. Anyway, that's the, so we are going to, now you are advocating for, let me read it right, healthcare planning. What is, okay, what we're trying to do is this. On the state level, we are trying to follow through in one way or another to get the state government to focus on the need to get up to speed on universal health coverage and be ready to get on board with universal coverage once it becomes possible. And basically with the kind of control that's happening in Washington D.C. at the present time, that's not going to happen. But we're hoping for some changes very soon. And we need to be ready in this state, and we are not by any means. Back in 2009, the legislature passed over a veto by Linda Lingle a bill that eventually became a very short chapter in the Hawaii Revised Statutes. It's chapter 322H that creates the Hawaii Health Authority. Hawaii Health Authority is simply a board that's supposed to have nine members, that's an advisory board, that is supposed to have a planning role, an advisory role to help the state, particularly the legislature and the governor, prepare for the creation of universal health care at the state level. And obviously alternatively at the national level, if and when it comes, and you know, merge these concepts together depending on what's coming down the pike. The problem is that the health authority barely got off the ground when it sort of crashed into Obamacare, which was happening basically at the same time that the health authority was being launched in 2009, 2010. That was the time Obamacare was happening nationally. And the legislature was, and Governor Abercrombie at the time, were focusing far more on how to deal with Obamacare, how to deal with the expansion of Medicaid in our state. And as you point out, we have approximately 350,000 people, which is a quarter of our state population, is on Medicaid here in Hawaii. So that's where the focus was. It's sort of like we can only look at one thing at a time. And the Hawaii health authority has been rather ignored. And instead of having nine people, it's now down to three. And they're not active at the present time other than to say, hey, what about us? And that's all they're able to do. So we feel it's time to either revive the health authority or create a new agency with roughly the same mandate as the health authority has had and get up and running in terms of planning. Okay, so this is a planning committee. Right. And so they would look at all this data here and put together a plan of how we move forward. Is that it? That would be the idea, or perhaps a series of options. If A, then B, if C, then D, and so on, depending on what's coming from Washington. That's a scary notion. That's right. The problem is we're not doing anything now. Nothing. What's happened in the last couple of sessions of the legislature is that the state has sort of imported pieces of the Obamacare law into the state law, as state law, so that if Trump and company destroy Obamacare at the national level, we have certain pieces still preserved at the state level, such as, for example, preventing private insurance companies from borrowing health insurance coverage for pre-existing conditions. Right. Or discriminating on basis of gender, because it used to be that coverage for women would be higher than for men in the same age group, and so on, things like that. Those various general protections, about a dozen or so, were put into state law and they're there now as parts of state law, so that, as I say, if Obamacare is destroyed at the federal level, they are part of state law. But that's it. Yeah. Okay. Now, we are going to take a break, and we will be back in a minute, and then we will talk about where do we go from here. Okay. How do you see us proceeding, okay? We'll be right back. This is Think Tech Hawaii, raising public awareness. If you're not in control of how you see yourself, then who is? Live above the influence. Hey, baby, that's you. I want to know, will you watch my show? I hope you do. It's on Tuesdays at one o'clock, and it's out of the comfort zone, and I'll be your host, R.B. Kelly. See you there. Aloha. I'm Marcia Joyner, and this is Navigating the Journey, and we are talking today with Alan Burdick, who is an advocate, and I do say that I mean that, an advocate for universal healthcare. As those of you that have been with us for the last two years, you understand that the last, according to the feds, the last day of life in the hospital, in the hospital, is about $10,000 a day. So that wipes up out your whole, everything. And that was, that was several years ago. Who knows what the cost is now. So Alan is advocating for universal healthcare, planning on how the state can get from where we are to there. Okay. Right. I hope I got that right. That's good. That's where we are, and what we're trying to do is get state legislation that will put an agency in place that will do the planning for this and that will have an open process that will look for feasible alternatives to the current system that we have, which is based on private insurance. And we know we have to go to something like the kind of system that exists in virtually every single industrialized country in the world except the United States. Yes. And Gordon E. Toe's interview, and those of you who are subscribers to the Star Advertiser, you know that the Star Advertiser search engine is terrible and you can't find it outside, but you go to January 21, 2018, and look for the Gordon E. Toe interview, and you might be able to find it. That's the one where we said it was $14,000 per person. $14,000 per person, just for health insurance premiums. But we're not even talking about deductibles and copays. All right? And that's what Mr. Ito is predicting, or $42,500 for a family of four, as those would be the average premium level in eight years from now. And these are obviously not sustainable numbers. No. And so, if I am... Now, I say this all the time, nobody, none of the legislature, members of the legislature, have ever made a payroll, so they have no idea how to do that and what comes out of the payroll. So, by law, if I'm a small business owner, I have to pay because of the prepaid healthcare. Now, if the premium is $14,000 per person, what is that going to do to small business? They can't do that per person. They can't stay in business, pay all the other things that the state requires to pay, plus your salary, you know? Yeah, right. Where we go? That is total bankrupt.  Well, that's the problem is that if we continue the way we are now, we will continue burying our heads in the sand. We need to have a group of people, you know, who are smart and understand these kinds of issues and face them and focus on them and say, how can we do this in an affordable way that will work and do it? Yes. Now, there is one issue. It's not mentioned here, but it's real, and that is the cost of medical, of what do you call it? Your medicines, your pharmaceuticals. Now, the VA, unlike Tripler, because they're separate entities completely, the VA managed to work out a plan that they buy in bulk, they buy in bulk and therefore their cost is different than, but Tripler is under the Department of Defense. The VA is a separate entity totally. So they get to buy this way. Tripler does not because it's the federal government and the federal government just opens the door and whatever the price of the drug is, that's what it is. So that comes back to our planning. That comes back to our planning because so often the insurance company gets to say, oh, you don't need that. The insurance company decides, my daughter is a nurse and she used to work for an agency where she had to deal with the insurance company. The insurance company is on the mainland. They've never seen a patient and they said, oh, they don't need that. They made the decision. And now we see how many women in America die at childbirth because the insurance company says, you get to stay in the hospital so many hours and then you go home, whether you need to or not. So hopefully, hopefully in your planning, your organization that's planning universal health, that we deal with the insurance companies. Absolutely. It has to be. And the idea is that the council or whatever this agency gets to be called, and this is an agency that presumably the governor would establish these kinds of minimum levels of care and so on as part of an overall strategy of the kind of medical care that would be proposed for the state. And what we are looking at is basically starting off with HR 676, which is the expanded and improved Medicare for All Act that's been introduced. No, that's the federal law that we refer to in the draft bill that we've been working on for the state. That's this draft bill. We're working on a draft bill to ask legislators to introduce in the state legislature. And that draft bill refers to HR 676, which is the sort of gold standard bill, if I can use that term, that has been around and is constantly improved from every two years. It gets revised and reintroduced. It's been reintroduced from a number of years with John Conyers while he was in the U.S. Congress and will be reintroduced by someone else. In the current session of Congress, it has over 120 cosponsors. And it's gaining a lot of power. It has the advice throughout from the Physicians for National Healthcare Program and National Nurses Association. This is a well-thought-out bill. This is not something slapped together. But it's quite brief, simple, and straightforward. And what it does is it attempts to take Medicare, take the warts off it that have been added on by Congress since Medicare was initially enacted, clean it up, add things that are not there in Medicare now, like long-term care, vision, dental, and so on, make it a better product. And nationally, that would be for the elder people. We want it for everybody.  For the rest of us, that's separate. We don't get that. I know. And, you know, we got to pay all these extras. So, now, tell me, what would you like us to do?  And as we are voters, we are taxpayers here in Hawaii, what do you want us to do? Okay, first, I'd like you all to get up to speed on this. Google HR 676 and read up on the basic elements of HR 676 expanded and improved Medicare for all. So, you have an understanding of what we're trying to do nationally. Look at the Hawaii Health Authority. And when you have a chance to talk to your legislators or candidates for the legislature, ask them point blank what they are going to do at the state level. Ask Governor Ege or Andrea if you run into her. What are they going to do at the state level to deal with the crisis in healthcare finance and healthcare delivery in this state? And think on that and make sure you make that part of your decision-making process when you vote. Start with those things and keep at it because this doesn't end on election day. This will continue when we get into session in the legislature. We're going to have to ask the legislators, you know, we're going to need a bill. And we're going to need to get that bill passed. We're going to need to get an agency created, whether it's called the Healthcare Planning Council or whatever it's called. And we're going to need to make sure it has the bureaucratic support and the support of the governor to get us started and really ready to deal with this because as Gordon E. Doe says in eight years we're going to be looking at $40,000 for family of four just for the premiums. Yes, just for the premium. That does not include the copay. Or the deductibles. Or the deductibles or the pharmaceuticals. Or payments for the things that are not covered. Yes, so one last thing. Tell people your web page for this information, how they can contact you so they can come on board and make this happen. Well, one of the pages is a Facebook page, Healthcare for All Hawaii. And the Democratic Party, Kupuna Caucus has a Facebook page and a web page also and we will have material on those web pages as well. So we can contact them and make this happen. That's right. And Kupuna Caucus is having a meeting on Tuesday, October 2nd at six o'clock. So you're inviting everybody to show up. Sure. And we have four working groups and one of them has healthcare as its main task in its portfolio. Right. Thank you so much for being here, Alan. I really appreciate it. And so we're asking everybody who absolutely come on board make this happen. This is for all of us. Democrat, Republican, independent, it doesn't matter. In fact, you don't have to be a Democrat to belong to the Kupuna Caucus. So show up and stand up. Take a stand. We need you. Thank you, Alan. And thank you all for being here. And we'll see you next time. Thank you very much, Marcia. It's a pleasure seeing you again. And a pleasure to be on this show. Aloha.


Hey, this is Brett, and this super clean 2008 Ford Mustang GT Premium is stock number 12947Z. We're here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. Your Ford Mustang and sports car headquarters. This 2008 Ford Mustang GT Premium has the 4.6-liter V8 gas engine, puts out 300 horsepower. This car has been fully-safetyed and inspected by our service shop per the state of Wisconsin inspection process. It has a fresh oil and filter change, all the fluids have been checked and topped off, and this car is 100% ready to go. We are going to go all the way around inside, start it up, take a look under the hood, take a look in the trunk. In this video, black clear coat is the color, and we shoot all of our videos in 4K. So if you have HD capabilities on your computer, tablet, smartphone, or television, I highly recommend turning them on right now because it is your best way to check out the quality, condition, options, and cleanliness of the vehicle before seeing it in person. And if you like the video and how we do things here at Summit Automotive, consider clicking the subscribe button in the lower right hand part of the screen, and click the bell notifications to get updates every time we do our videos here at Summit Automotive. So this one has American Racing Shelby Special Edition chromed 18-inch rims, and it has Nitto NT555 Extreme ZR tires. These are 27540 ZR18s, and they are very new tires. I would say probably about 70% to 80% of the tread left on them. Front fender is in excellent condition. I didn't see any dents or dings on there. Headlights are crystal clear, and the front bumper is in excellent shape. The hood is in very nice condition as well. And the passenger side front fender, no dents or dings on there. Looks really, really good. This passenger side front rim, no scuffs or scrapes on there. The brakes even look pretty new. And as you go down this side of this 2008 Ford Mustang GT Premium, take note of how clean that body is, how reflective and mirror-like that paint is. And we take these HD videos, so if you are far away, or even if you're close by, and you just cannot make the trip down but you're still interested in purchasing the vehicle, you can see the car, hear the car, and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here, so that when you do get here, there's absolutely no surprises, and you can make a smart and informed buying decision from wherever you're at. And if this video helps you make that decision, let your salesman know that you saw the video that was helpful and that Brett sent you. Back rims in excellent condition as well, and the back tires have just about as much tread as the front tires, maybe just a hair bit less. But understandable on a rear-wheel-drive car. Coming around to the back, rear bumper is in excellent condition. This one has Ford Performance Racing exhaust. Sounds really good. I've driven this car a couple times, and this thing just drives fantastic. Take a look inside the trunk here. Comes with a car cover, all-weather matte back here, the original antenna. Not sure if this one has a spare tire or not. Looks like some inserts for the grille. Give me one second while I check, and it does come with a spare tire underneath there. There you go. Look at the inside of the trunk. I mean, this thing is really, really nice. And as we come around to the driver's side, just as clean as I pass on their side, no dents or dings on the rear quarter, we are going to start the car up in just a second. We'll listen to that exhaust as well, because it does sound really good. And for full disclosure, this back rim is in excellent shape as well. Driver's side door, very, very nice and clean. Didn't see any dents or dings. And there you do get power mirrors inside the GT Premium package, gives you the dark charcoal or black leather interior, no rips or tears in the seats. Power driver seat, factory floor mats, power windows, power locks, and power mirrors. Take a look at the back seats, they're very nice. No rips or tears back there, and it does have the latch child safety system for any child car seats you may want to put back there. We'll hop inside, check out the miles, the radio, and everything that this car has to offer on the interior. See that this car only has 15,929 miles on it. Instrument cluster is very nice and clean. You get the leather wrap steering wheel with cruise controls on it. No scuffs or scrapes on that steering wheel. Comes with the Shaker 500 sound system with the 6 disc in-dash CD changer, climate controls. And this one comes with a short throw, Hurst shifter, and shifts really nice. Really like this car. How it drives, how it handles, how it sounds, how it looks. Really a sharp car. Headliner is super clean, this car has never been smoked in. And we'll start it up and take a look under the hood, we'll also check out that exhaust. Starts right up. No check engine lights or anything like that. Sounds really good. We'll take a look under the hood. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today. And hopefully from this HD video you'll have been able to verify the quality and condition and options of this car and of course the cleanliness of it. I don't think you'll find too many 2008 GT premiums this nice. Under the hood we have the 4.6 liter V8 engine, 300 horsepower engine day is very clean, runs very smooth as a Ford cold air intake. And once again this car has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop, has a fresh oil and filter change, all the fluids have been checked and topped off. And this car is 100% ready to go. I would highly recommend this 2008 Ford Mustang GT premium from a quality and condition standpoint. And to see more pictures of this car or one of our other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, wranglers, halftones, three quarter tons, one tons. You name it we got to go to that website right there. Summitauto.com full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at Summitauto.com. And if you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com. Remember to like, subscribe and share on this video and all the videos that you see there. Click the bell notifications. And we'll see you next time on this video or on the videos we do each and every day here at Summitauto. In fact, the second you will see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel in the upper left. The link to more Mustang videos like this one in the upper right. Link to this vehicle on our website in the lower left and link to one of our latest YouTube videos in the lower right. Click those, check us out and we're super excited to help you with this ultra clean 2008 Ford Mustang GT premium in black clear coat. Thanks for checking out the video. Remember to like, subscribe and share on our YouTube channel. I really appreciate it. Thanks again.


Sailors aboard Naval Station Guantanamo Bay took part in a patrol certification exercise for two K9 unit dogs. Seaman Ed Thompson tells us why this certification is important. Sailors assigned to U.S. Naval Station Guantanamo Bay participated in a patrol certification exercise for two K9 unit dogs. During the exercise, the dogs are evaluated on their ability to use their senses. The certification is required before the dogs can be sent out to complete their mission. There's always ways to advance your dog and make it better, so training is really important. That way you can push your dog forward and you can make it harder and harder and it doesn't matter what you're doing as long as you're furthering your dog. The K9 unit trains with the dogs on a daily basis to keep their skills from getting too rough. Reporting from Guantanamo Bay, I'm Seaman Ed Thompson.


What's up everybody, Jayce here for jaysbyscasebrakes.com just sold out 2019-20 mosaic fast brake pack brake random teams number nine Five spots in the mixer being given away here in this break Number 10s on the website down to 28 left and that's the last one that unlocks the mixer and the way this works You guys dirty total spots no veteran base common ship out of the pack We randomize customer names and teams distribute the hits out of the pack Then at the end of the break we'll take the top five names and a separate dice for the randomizer Randomize the customer names and the top five In the randomizer get a $300 spot each in the summer heat basketball mixer So good luck Let's do the break first let's roll the dice and we got a one and a three four times one two three four Adam Harper Tice four times one two three four Raptors down to the nets Quickly see What you guys got I don't know the Raptors or else with the pistons ace of the Rock is run with the Lakers Patrick with the 76ers Kings So the bugs Aaron the Grizzlies down with the nuggets Queen with the wizards Ties with the Hawks Danny with the spurs Aaron with the Cavaliers heat Roger the glippers Collin with the Hornets Stop with the Jazz Aaron with the Thunder senior with the Celtics Ryan with the Pacers Sean with the Trollbladers Adam with the Batrics Aaron with the Suns Aaron with the Nicks T-Wills Danny with the Pelicans Robert with the Magic Aaron with the Bulls Zach with the Wars and Tyson with the Brooklyn Nets So again, no one's really gonna trade in this. I'm gonna close the trade window and Then see what comes out of the pack break and then at the end of the break, of course We use a separate nice for a randomizer and see who gets spots in the mixer An international men of mastery Rocking the dream Kobe White and Steph Curry MVPs Nice one Now let's see We'll get spots in the mixture top five get in let's roll it and we got a six and eight three nine times One two three four five six seven Sixteen three nine times top five get in Ryan Danny Danny Sean and Aaron Congratulations guys after six times six nine times are six of the three You guys are now in the mixer and another way to win guys number ten on the website and it is down to 25 left Appreciate you guys jaskiescasebreak.com


Welcome to ToffeeTV, well last month, August, Everton signed a very unique deal with Fankave, which led a lot of Everton fans to want to know what it's all about, what is digital wearable shirts in the metaverse. This is a question that a lot of Evertonians are scratching their head about. Well, we've got Jonathan Goodwin from Fankave to tell us all about it. Jonathan, how are you? Doing great, thanks for having me, ToffeeTV and hello, Evertonians. So, what is a digital wearable shirt in the metaverse? That's a great question, and you know, it's still not perfectly defined, but our vision of it at Fankave just stems back to the increasing role the internet has in our lives, and the more time we spend online, the more our digital identity matters.  You look at the rise of gaming, game platforms like Fortnite, Roblox, Apex Legends, and I say platforms because yes, they're obviously games, but there's a robust economy of buying and selling digital wearables inside of these games. In Fortnite, you can dress like a banana if you want to and go assassinate your friends from a top of 10 story tower. That matters to people. So, our thought is at Fankave, digital Everton shirt. Everton matters. You were telling me earlier, you're sweating about tonight's match as are I'm sure all Evertonians sweating about tonight's match, that matters. So, when you engage in the digital world, aka the metaverse, why would you not want to represent your Everton fandom in the best way possible? I get that because obviously with things like Fortnite, obviously we've seen, it's not just a game, but as you said there, you see a lot of the big companies, movie houses, these kind of people putting their characters into these games or the latest superhero costumes into these games because people want to put out there just like wearing a t-shirt. What matters to them and obviously this is something Everton are doing and it's obviously one of the newest things I think out there and certainly Everton are one of the facecups to do this. Are they the face club or have you seen other clubs do this? There are some other clubs that are experimenting in this space. We had a partnership with Real Batiste Boulampi out of Sevilla, their LaLiga team that we launched early in the summer. Southampton, I believe their Premier they created, I don't know that they're wearable, but they created two entities, one of their way kit and one of their home kit and they auctioned them off to fans and they're unique one-of-one for both of those and they'll be auctioning, they're auctioning those off. I don't know if they've wrapped the auction, but there are clubs that are dabbling in this space, whether that's like Web 3 and crypto or that's metaverse and virtual worlds or even gaming and even further than just playing games, Fortnite also as I'm sure everyone knows that the pandemic started, the deep days of the pandemic started hosting virtual concerts.  So talk to me about both bands. And if I'm attending a virtual soccer, a virtual football match, sorry, in Fortnite, if that ever happens, I surely want people to be talking to me about Everton. Yeah, it's obviously a very, very brand new space, isn't it? And a lot of people, as we've already mentioned, they're not fully aware of this, but this is the future, isn't it? As you've just mentioned there, you know, I remember those, the movie nights on Fortnite and things like that is becoming such a, it is a new space and it is good to see Everton getting on board really early. What can Everton fans expect to see them when they go and try to buy these shirts? What kind of different shirts will they be looking at and how will they be packaged together? So it's a good question because we're not doing this in a conventional way, where we're like with the physical shirts, you get handed your kit at the top of every season and say, deal with it, this is the design. Everton is the people's team, for I'm told. So we're doing this a little differently. We're doing a design contest. So Evertonians around the world are invited to create a design and submit it on the fan curve site. They can easily print out our template and color it in. We've had some kids color them with crayons and submit their beautiful designs. And we've had some very talented 3D designers create entire models and submit that as well. As long as the JPEG, PNG or PDF, we'll take it. And from there, we'll narrow it down to a field of five and we'll open it up for the public to vote. So Evertonians, you get to decide what your first digital kit is for Everton. And from there, we'll have the drop later this fall. And yeah, so it is one design, but it'll be one that will be chosen by the fans. And where can fans do that? Where can they get the necessary things to do, take part in the competition? Yeah, just jump over to the fan curve site. It's fancurve.com. And yeah, just sign up, create an account and follow the prompts and you'll be directed to the right place. And you get the instructions very easy. You can use the Everton logo, you can use the fan curve logo. Just don't use anybody else's. You don't have to put the sponsor on the shirt. And Bob's your uncle, you can do whatever you want. Yeah. And obviously, this is the star. What do you see going forward? Because obviously, you've just mentioned their football shades do change year by year. And for some people, like myself, as you get older, you're obviously very fond of retro shade shades. That means something to you because of where you're wearing your life, or Everton will have won a trophy in that shade. Is that something that will grow as well? Seeing old retro shades and shades from the past come into the collection? We certainly hope so.  So I mean, whether that means we do some we could do a whole number of things. I think retro vintage classics, like that's definitely something that we're interested in exploring, whether that's through a club or through some of these native communities of shirt collectors out there that do buy, sell, trade, collect vintage shirts across clubs, across leagues, across decades. Yeah, it's certainly in the physical market. It is a huge thing. So obviously, if this thing takes off and people want to wear their shirts, I'm sure the retro market will become a huge space because as I said, the physical market is it is huge. So it's really, really interesting. It's going to be really interesting to see it grow. And I've actually just thinking that I know exactly what will happen once your competition goes out and this year gets loans, people will want a physical version of that shades as well. Because that's just the very nature of us as humans. We want to get our hands on things. So everyone just head over to fancares website if you want to take part in this competition to design evidence first, digital wearable share and it was great to speak to you, Jonathan, about the whole thing. And it's going to be really interesting to see the development scene everton and fancares. Excellent. Thank you for having me toffee TV. And thank you so much. I appreciate the opportunity. Do you go head over to fancares, can cave site to take part. And thank you to Jonathan for being on toffee TV. We'll see you later.