What people need to understand about the Belt and Road Initiative, it's an effort to drive greater connectivity across the region that traditionally defined the Silk Road, both on land as well as on sea. It's largely a series of power, gas, oil, as well as maritime related projects looking to connect this region from East Asia all the way to Europe. This is a region that's experienced tremendous dynamic growth over the past two decades, but that growth has been uneven. There is this big gaping pockets of black here throughout Central Asia. There is this lack of connectivity here between these different types of regions and that is what the Belt and Road Initiative is designed to tie together. For the world economy to continue to move forward, we also need to look at the less developed countries. The connectivity is more than a physical infrastructure. When we look at the three dimensions of interconnectivity, the physical one, the institution and then the ideas, then the interconnectivity or the Chinese version of globalization will be robust and sustainable growth will continue. This is a data set thanks to Oxford Martin School and Harvard School and there's a legend at the top left that you can see. Every red dot will be every Chinese airfield. The green dots will be each Chinese power plant, the blue dots each reservoir and the yellow dots will be each wastewater treatment plant. In essence, the early years of China's growth was a hydro-driven story, but then if we play this forward to the start of the reform era, you also see the emergence of power. What you also start to see here in the early 2000s is finally a focus on wastewater treatment plant. This immense resource growth also has a drain on resources. Growth is a function of land labor capital. Looking at the land, we face very severe physical constraints. Population is the agent. What is important is innovation of human ideas so that the growth can continue. And we want to spread those ideas not only up in China, but also to the less developed countries. It's clear that if we're going to continue to grow at this pace, there are going to be tremendous drains on natural resources and there's going to be a delegation to environment. So the question is, how can this be done in a manner that will be able to draw on the lessons of the past two decades to tap into the potential of renewable energies? From the post-2008 period, China really makes a strong commitment towards renewable energies. You see a story where solar and wind industries were constructed primarily in North America and Europe and how really the center of production has shifted particularly in solar over now to Asia. The government gave a lot of subsidies to firms so that the firms get a better chance for them to get restructured, better gear towards green growth. It's really an opportunity for the region and for China to figure out how it wants to interact with the global economic architecture that's in place today as China moves forward into not only the near abroad, but also as China thinks about how it wants to shape the global economic system for the 21st century.


عو بالله من الشيطان العين الرجيم بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم والصلاة والسلام على أشوف الأنبياء والمرسلين سيدنا ونبينا أب القاسم محمد الأمين وعلى أهل بيته الطيبين الطاهرين المعصومين المفلومين ولعنا طلع لعداءهم أجمعين من الآن لقيام يوم الدين أمين يا رب العالمين أردت المجردين. شكرا لكم لكم لتروننا once more from the holy city of Karbala ترونني بكسر حواليك يا سي مور في which we are discussing on our usual daily show which broadcast you daily with the exceptional Friday back to the basics in which we are coming up with a framework صلاة حواليية one which is respectful to our belief system and to the belief systems of others in which we discuss the big questions pertaining to our differences with others and a more sustainable way of reaching what could be summarized as a potential common ground of course not everyone shares a common ground and what we're trying to do is reach that common ground in order that we might be able to understand ourselves why we adopt certain positions and more importantly the flaws with the beliefs of others just for our own understanding and our own benefit and an articulate way to describe our own reasoning to others too we have for those of you who are tuning in for the first time been engaging with the very dynamic vibrant and quite to quote one of its major proponents breathtaking worldview known as the worldview of scientism or as he framed it science now of course this is an overgrowth of what we would call the worldview of atheism and of course this is why I'm taking the court directly from the book the atheists guide to reality by professor Alex Rosenberg a professor of the philosophy of science at Duke University a very prominent school and very decent and renowned one in the United States of America I'm not by any means straw manning him caricaturing his position nor attempting to defame the atheist position without elaborately citing my reasonings for the beliefs I put forward tonight as being consequences of the worldview of atheism and more importantly dismantling their worldview according to their own acknowledgments now we are talking about bigger questions here we're not talking about small fundamental ones such as how an atheist could justify for example trusting one scientist over another no we're talking about much more fundamental concepts and over the past few nights we have been discussing something of the utmost importance for indeed when you hear anyone object to the concept of religion the object to the concept of your religion as a monotheistic believer it's always going to be one of two sorts it will be an intellectual objection which of course will be difficult now that we've shown that Alex Rosenberg does not believe we can trust our thought process because everything's physical and the thought as a non physical concepts would not be very easily explained in a physicalist universe and now the second type of objection which is leveled against the concept of monotheism and God in particular is that our religions are barbaric our cake and their morality is quite frankly stagnant and unadaptable for the modern world and of course those who believe that this is a sustainable objection against religion would of course have to believe in a fabit or stable form of morality which we've been showing according to the admissions of Professor Alex Rosenberg does not exist under the worldview of atheism but is it merely Alex Rosenberg who acknowledges it which is this absolutely not allow me to go through our reservoir of quotations once more to analyze what atheists have stated about their consistent form of atheism and whether or not it accommodates for the concept of morality جون بول ساتر في existentialist he states the following when we speak of abandonment a favorite word of Heidegger we only mean to say that God does not exist and it is necessary to draw the consequences of his absence right to the end namely we have to take that major answer we give to that major question does God exist and we have to take all the consequences of that answer we don't want to be like lightweight like these new atheists who claim that no it's merely a rejection and God no we want to embrace it to its full extent something similar to what Alex Rosenberg states in his book he states the existentialist is strongly opposed to a certain type of secular moralism a moralism which is based on secularity which seeks to suppress God at the least possible expense namely when you remove God from the picture but it has a minimal cost he wants to avoid that why because towards 1880 when the French professors in devil to formulate a secular morality they said nothing will be changed if God does not exist we shall rediscover the same norms of honesty progress and humanity and we shall have disposed of God as an out of date hypothesis which will die away quietly of itself the existentialist on the contrary finds it extremely embarrassing that God does not exist for there disappears with him all possibility of finding values in an intelligible heaven there can be no longer any good a priori a priori means to start off with since there is no infinite and perfect consciousness to think it it is nowhere written that the good exists that one must be honest or must not lie since we are now upon the plane where there are only men namely now that we've removed non man as great as a kind of concept from this universe we live in Dostoevsky the great Russian novelist once wrote if God did not exist everything would be permitted and that for his existentialism is the starting point everything is indeed permitted if God does not exist and man is in consequence for Lorne for he cannot find to depend upon either himself within or without himself outside himself forever I'm sorry for slightly butering that quote Paul Kurtz likewise states the central question about moral and ethical principles concerns their ontological foundation by ontological foundation we mean again where does this find its existential value where do we ground this belief in morality if they are neither derived from God nor anchored in some transcendent grounds they are purely ephemeral that is to say if we believe in this physicalist naturalist scientist universe where nothing exists other than the physical compounds of different objects then where do we derive this non physical property of morality from very prominent British philosopher popular writer on science still alive today Julian Bagini he says the following if there is no single moral authority we have to in some sense create values for ourselves by moral authority he would mean one that transcends man a supernatural being a God and that means that moral claims are not true or false you may disagree with me but you cannot say I have made a factual error that is because without the concept of a God everything becomes arbitrary it becomes subjective Richard Dawkins needs no introduction the universe that we observe has precisely the properties we should expect if there is at bottom no design no purpose and no God no evil no good nothing but pitiless indifference Dawkins thereafter concedes it is pretty hard to defend absolutist morals on grounds other than religious ones now again just to elaborate slightly further we need to point out that we are not stating by any means that atheists cannot be moral people there are far more many atheists who are moral than there are believers at times and this is quite frankly disgusting and shameful that we as a religious community do not always adopt the values which are part and parcel of our worldview but that being said we are not talking about whether or not an atheist can through imitating the religious and moral values he finds in others be moral we are talking about whether or not if there is no God we can find the concept of morality I've already stated that the atheist who says to me well what you mean there is morality I'm a good moral person of course you're a good and moral person because you live in the real world you live in the world that God created and that God inhabits in his all-powerful knowledge you see we are not talking about merely a theoretical concept we are talking about something much more important when discussing a worldview one of the great making properties of a worldview is its ability to provide explanatory power for what we see around us what we experience in life our thoughts and the nature of our experiences with other human beings you see if I would go outside and I would see that the floor was wet but it's a completely sunny day I might come to believe that someone had either utilized a hose pipe and wet the floor or there had been a pipe burst which made water come out onto the floor or it had been raining previously but if my neighbor had stated no none of the above and when I asked him to provide an explanation for why water came on the floor he would say what you mean water is just on the floor and I would say to him no I understand water is on the floor but you're telling me nothing caused the water to be on the floor and he would say yeah but what you mean there is water on the floor this is not providing an explanatory scope for phenomenon that we view in front of us so the atheists can not merely appeal to the fact that human beings have morality this does not provide an explanatory scope for morality and of course this leads us to something which is a lot more problematic the concept of where morality comes from and whether or not it can be accounted for by atheism allow us to run through the argument once more in order for us to understand the nature of the arguments again we are talking about ontological grounding where someone provides the account for the origin of morality and not merely whether or not we can observe morality and people can be moral if an atheist strips the universe down to merely evolution and the evolved species that have come to be human beings as well as other species in this bottomless pityless universe as Richard Dawkins described it where does the concept of morality come from other than a subjective whim of the human being to wish to survive now there is one root the atheists can take and this root doesn't help them very often it's the same root they take to explain away the common phenomenon of human beings believing in God what do they state in order to deal with this they state that the notion of religious belief is a coping mechanism and it seems to be what motivates the evolutionary psychoanalysis they state that the reason that vast proportions of humanity believe things are patently untrue and even ridiculous is because we have this genetic evolutionary device functioning in us that helps us believe in this as a coping mechanism because reality is so sour now a great problem with this is the atheist in trying to explain away the phenomenon of religious belief has ended up shooting themselves in the foot because if they want to explain away people's religiosity as a natural basic belief due to evolutionary coping mechanisms and devices which evolution has programmed into mankind in order for them to survive then if evolution is able to program into me false beliefs in order to survive and these false beliefs motivate me in my life how do I know which other false beliefs evolution hasn't programmed into me Alex Rosenberg already believes that there's no such thing as thought should I believe that thought is merely an evolutionary coping device which biology has programmed into me in order to survive more importantly let's look at some of the beliefs which could be merely useful fictions according to our biology if evolution has installed in us these useful fictions what else could it have installed in us as false but useful fictions in order to make us survive dear viewers let's answer that question right after the break please bear with me peace be upon you there are plenty of other beliefs dear viewers as we were saying prior to the break that evolution may have installed into us as useful but false fictions in order to allow us to survive if we think genuinely about the concept that the atheist is trying to tell us when they state that many people believe in the concept of God and God's as a useful surviving coping mechanism installed into the human by evolution what else would this entail if I can't trust my beliefs anymore if I can't trust my thoughts anymore because it installs into me useful fictional devices in order to make me survive and cope what else could be a useful fictional belief but I need to empirically test the belief that the future will always be like the past and that we can assume normality and function could just be a useful fiction which evolution has instilled in me the belief that the laws of physics will hold in the same way everywhere could also just be a useful fiction the belief that human beings have some kind of value both collectively and as individuals could likewise be a useful fiction and the belief that the physical world actually exists externally as I believe it to could be a useful fiction in fact the belief that other minds exist and that this isn't all just an illusion in which I'm a brain in a vat what we call solipsism could also be a useful fictional belief how do I know that evolution hasn't just caused me to believe these things in order for me to survive the cold and harsh reality that I'm the only mind now someone could say to me well, another mind can engage with yours and it can come and slap you that's true but how do I know that wouldn't be a computer feeding computer waves into my brain to make me believe that you see when you open up this can of worms of biologically programmed useful fictions you really don't have anywhere to go and so what we see is that it would also open up another can of worms which is what it would open up the can of worms that we shouldn't trust anything including the belief in morality so let's look at three different reasons for why atheists should actually reject disregard and completely discard morality in its entirety as a religious useful fiction which humanity has outgrown number one we have no obligations to evolution what I mean by that is whilst it is indeed true that most people share a strong sense that we should not torture for example children for fun we know that this is just an evolved instinct that promotes survival if we want to look at it from an evolutionist perspective it is no different in principle from the instinct to prefer certain tastes and taste buds and sensations over others or to avoid for example sleeping in the ocean so it's ridiculous to think that we have an obligation to what evolution has programmed us to believe if I believe something so strongly but I know that evolution might have tricked me into believing that then why should I hold on to it I don't have an obligation to prefer certain tastes over others as evolution has programmed my body to do nor do I have an obligation to prefer not to sleep in the ocean many of us might even prefer to follow that due to what evolution has done to ourselves and our taste buds and our thought process but it's certainly not wrong or morally morally condemnable to go against evolution so this language and this way of thinking is merely an outgrowth of the concept of religious obligation which I don't necessarily have to follow and because I don't owe evolution anything why should I believe in morality that's the first reason that an atheist probably should reject the concept of morality number two evolution often selects for false beliefs and what do I mean by evolution often selects false beliefs evolution as we've seen in previous episodes as is cited by people like Patricia Churchland is concerned with what it's not concerned with truth making properties it's not concerned with discovering reality it's concerned with what v4f's fighting fleeing food and reproduction now she states that word the 4f's this is not my term I want to make that very clear this is not my term we can call it triple FR fighting fleeing food and reproduction it's not concerned with anything else it's not concerned with finding truth it's not concerned with philosophical problems as Charles Darwin himself stated he struggles to believe whether or not he should trust his own mind because would we ever trust the whims and reasoning of a monkey now for some atheists that might be watching this but they're not saying that we've evolved from monkeys I'm saying that we share a common ancestor as the fury states so if we wouldn't trust the reasoning and wisdom of a monkey if there indeed is any as Charles Darwin states why is this it's because again evolution has programmed them to concern themselves with triple FR fighting fleeing food and reproduction it's not concerned them with thinking about truth and if we don't concern ourselves with truth then what would be the point why would I trust for example a device designed to calculate the location of water under the ground in order to guide me to the nearest airport if the device wasn't designed to act as a GPS it probably wouldn't function very well as a GPS likewise if evolution has programmed my body to concern itself with the triple FR fighting fleeing food and reproduction it probably hasn't really worked it out for me to concern myself with discovering patterns of truth and the reality of the universe one especially that reality could be extremely brutal for me so that's the second reason why according to atheism there's probably a good reason to not trust our sense of morality thirdly obligation is not a property of particles that is to say since we are nothing but a series of particles and matter in motion and it is absurd to think that matter can have obligations to other matter simply by virtue of its being structured in a particular way it is therefore just as absurd to think that a human being can have obligations to other human beings as to think that a beaker of acid can have obligations to another beaker of acid but a book can have obligations to another book this is the third reason for why evolution and the atheist belief in evolution probably should lead us to cast doubt in the concept of morality but do we really want to go down the rabbit hole and embrace Alice in Wonderland as some of these people would have us do dear viewers we'll continue this analysis tomorrow insha'Allah thank you once more for joining us and please do not forget us in your du'as والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته


What's good, Josh, your boy Ross back here again with another video. So I was finally able to check out Adam Hangman Page versus Brian Danielson to the very first AEW show on TBS. They went to TBS now in the new year. I'm hopefully I'm hoping I can check out like maybe some reactions on the on my channel here, since they are on a different network and maybe TBS is a little bit more lenient when it comes to the content being on YouTube reacting to the content. I'm OK with it, getting demonetized. I just don't want it to get blocked. I actually want to do some AEW reactions. So we'll see how that pans out this year, keeping my fingers crossed on that one. But I did get a chance to check out this match and I did get a chance to check out the CM Punk and MJF segment after a match. But I'll get to that at the end of this video just to talk about that one. But let's get into this. This match was a fantastic way to start off the show on a new network. Start off the very first AEW show for the new year and they delivered. This was fantastic. We're just going to go through some of the things that I noticed in the match. I took a few notes, but this was well worth the watch. If you haven't seen it, go check it out. It is very enjoyable. So one thing I did like about this to switch it up. They didn't go with a stipulation. They kept it a regular match. But if it goes to a time limit, there were judges by ringside that would judge who they felt like won the match. And I like that that gives it a little bit more professionalism because our judges in, you know, most combat sports. So to see that, I like that. We're not going to add a stipulation. It's going to be a regular match. But if, you know, it goes to a time limit. Now we'll have judges to decide who really dominated the majority of the match and who deserves the win. So I did like that. I love that Danielson is doing the jumping jack still a callback from the first match, kind of not taking it seriously like he did in the first match. It was very slow paced as well, like it wasn't the first match. And a hangman page was busted open early with a, I want to say, still, still, still stair spot. He ended up rushing Danielson and end up getting his head on the still steps. Got busted open. Danielson really started to target that, which I love. And I love they kept kept them strong. This is what I like, what they've done with him in AEW. They they don't treat him like an underdog. He is the guy to really bet on if you're betting against anybody. He comes off as vicious, brutal, and he doesn't care. I love this. I love to see this like pretty much him going back to his any days, the American Dragon, and it's cool for me to finally see that in action. I love it. Brutal doesn't care. He's all about winning. He'll hurt his opponent if he has to. So I like that. Danielson started to brutalize Adam in front of the judges. Actually, they were saying on commentary that Danielson is the one who brought up the judge situation. Like if it's a time limit, I don't want you to be spared by a technicality. I want the judges to decide. So he's the one who brought that up. So he as Adam Hangman Page is bleeding all over the place. He's beating them in front of the judges to show them a judge.  And and I have to make a note of this, that they're booking Daniel Bryan Danielson in a dominant fashion. I love that. That is what it just enhances his character. He didn't come in as this, you know, nice guy that's going to work hard and give you the best matches he came in like a dominant force.  So I like that. Hangman Page busted open Danielson and started doing jumping jacks himself. He Danielson was trying to, you know, pretty much, you know, make, you know, like, I guess you could say use his momentum to pull Adam Hangman Page into the turnbuckle and they don't have round turnbuckles or not turnbuckles, a post that hold the ring. They have square posts. So there's edges to him. So he, you know, Hangman Page is pulling Danielson repeatedly headfirst into the post or whatnot, which caused him to bust open and then Hangman started to get on the offense and he was mocking Danielson and I love that he's getting some offense in and it really started to change up the match. I love that they add color in this match and now it wasn't just Adam Hangman. It was Danielson. He was bloodied up. I was like, this is this is how you sell the severity of this match. They don't nonstop headbutts. They're literally giving it their all fantastic environment that they were setting the story that they were telling. The match started to pick up after Danielson got busted open. He's not giving in. He's showing his resiliency showing his counters being able to put him in different submission holds. We're seeing the technical promises of Danielson as well as Adam Hangman Page not giving up, not submitting. I love that. The fight for ever chance started, you know, accumulating in. They're putting on a good match, a really good championship match. And the one thing I can say about AEW that I do enjoy is they don't have an overabundance of of like paper views. They only have paper views every so often per year and they have special events for, you know, their weekly show. And I like that because they're making the shows feel important in comparison to WWE. They only make a handful of shows feel important like weekly shows, but they only try to make their paper views feel important here. It's like you want, you don't want to miss something because you're getting an epic championship match that's paper view quality, but they're putting it on free television. I wouldn't say free television, but you know what I mean? I gotta have cable, but still they're putting it on television. You don't have to pay extra to see it. So I like that that they build a vixx around their shows and it makes people want to watch the shows. They don't have to watch a paper view to get entertained to get the best matches possible. So I do like that and I like the fact that I was, I was very surprised, but I'm okay with it. They gave Adam Heyman page the clean victory with his, with this finisher, bro. And I like the fact that Brian Danielson didn't kick out. It was a one, two, three. He hit the finisher. It was over. Brian Danielson took his very first loss and you know what? He lost to the AEW champion and I love that. I think that was really great booking. That was fantastic. That's how you book a world champion. You don't have them like losing the situation because of someone that's really hot in the company right now doing some of the best work he's done in his life. You've built up the storyline to get Adam to where he is now. So there's no needs for him to drop the belt, even if it is to Brian Danielson. Granted people wouldn't know, you know, I don't think a lot of people would have been upset, but they probably would have looked at it a little bit different because it's like them. They've been building this guy up for a while now just for him to lose like, you know, relatively quick. So I like that. And it gives Adam Heyman page even more credit in his title reign because he beat Brian Danielson, something that no one else could do. And I love that. And he beat him clean. He beat him clean. I love that. That was so good. I like that ending. I think the right person one Adam Heyman page did his job. They made him look good. They make the champion look good. He didn't kick out of his finisher. The finishers are supposed to be something that no one really kicks out of. He did. They did it right. Perfect booking. I enjoyed it. I enjoyed it. It gave me a real big match feel. It was a great way to start off the show. Then MJF was supposed to have an opponent. Well, not a pony. He was supposed to have a match. And it's funny. He was fighting someone from Chicago or whatnot. When they losing win-loss record and basically he's pretty much trying to pad his stats to be able to have an opportunity at the world at the AEW World Championship. And I like wins and losses matter in this company. I love it. It's great. That is I love that. That is just it just gives it a nice real real fight feel. So wins and losses matter in this company. And then of course, see him punk comes out there cause of the disqualification which MJF loses. He loses his first match of the new year and they have a fantastic back and forth. Hopefully this year we'll be able to check out some AEW promos and stuff like that on the channel. I'm going to give it a tester just to make sure if I can if if TBS is not tripping. They don't block it. They just you know do what they do and I don't care if they can take the money. Just want to be able to post it for you guys. So that if I can I'll be perfect and you know what I'm saying expect some more AEW content on the channel but this was definitely a reaction worthy because the prom they're back and forth was fantastic and I like that MJF I had to mention you know what I'm saying you got upset comparing me to Roddy Piper but Roddy Piper main main event in the WrestleMania you never did and then he also alluded like hell if I don't get the respect I deserve around here I may go over there and main event a WrestleMania and see him punk life. He was like yo you can go do what you want.  I'm like I'm like bro because I think WWE is really taking it too far with the two nights bro. I'm not a big fan of that format. Not everybody's going to make the show. That's just what makes WrestleMania important and it doesn't need to be eight hours. I like that job. It was fantastic. He's supposed to be fighting a Wardlow next week because he's they're building it. They don't want to give this batch away so easily. They're building it so see him punk is fighting Wardlow instead of MJF like that. They're building it fantastic on the mic man. So yeah, this was enjoyable. I'm going to be honest. I think I like the first match a little bit better still their first encounter. I love that it you know it definitely encapsulated what they were trying to tell as this being the most important thing in wrestling and I love that. But their second match was still still pretty good. It's not better than their first match in my opinion, but it's still a very good follow up and the right person one comment down below. Let me know which match did you guys enjoy more? Did you enjoy? Did you guys enjoy the first outing or there's or the second out me personally? I enjoyed the first outing and it was fantastic. This one was almost just as good as their first outing. And the right person one. And also do you agree with Adam Heyman page retaining or do you guys think Danielson should have won this match? But appreciate all of the support road to 70 K. Appreciate y'all kicking with me. See y'all next time. Peace.


We're heading out to the desert today guys, we're going to hit up the Nude Bowl, we're going to hit up Bombay Beach First stop is Walmart, Shinbi's got to buy some disposable cameras And that's about it, that's all we need to get here Alright, I've got some water and I've got some pistachios for the road And yeah, it's going to be a fun little drive out into the desert We got here very fast, I don't know because it's a Monday or because it's winter But we got here like in an hour, 15 minutes Check out these snow-capped mountains right here, I think they're right there But yeah, beautiful day out here in the desert It's probably a, how many degrees do you reckon this is? 20 degrees Celsius? About 16, 17 degrees Celsius The weather out here is very similar to if anyone's ever been down to the snowy mountains in Australia Jindabind It's got that crisp air And yeah, not a cloud in the sky out here We're going to drive up the hill to the Nude Bowl which can be treacherous We've gotten a bit of rain out here in California so The rain's kind of put these little gaps and stuff in the dirt road So, wish us luck guys So we did manage to make it all the way up to the top here in the trailblazer I didn't call it the trailblazer for nothing But yeah, we've had a massive amount of downpour in California these last couple of weeks And unfortunately, the pool is half a pool And there's a couch in it So we ran into an older couple driving up that were driving down And I asked them how's the pool and they said there's water and a couch And we got here and there's water and a couch But yeah, this is the Nude Bowl, mate Very historic piece of skate history People from around the world know this spot People from Germany Austria, really? Switzerland Yeah, this is like one of the most famous pools in the world for skateboarding Really? Yeah If you don't believe me, mate Check on the internet Because you can believe everything on the internet, right?  Yeah It gets pretty hot and dry out here, man I reckon if you'd leave it for like a good six weeks Yeah, it's nearly like the rest of winter But then...   Pick it up Yeah, watch out for any...  Yeah There's a stench aroma From the sea It smells very How do you describe the smell? Venture into this joint here, right? That's pretty open in here Hello These stairs look a bit haggon I'll be right Did she buy herself or something?  I can see it here Do you want to follow here then? We should be good You're okay? Yeah Just if you're going to stand still Stand still, it's often like close to the edges there or something Okay Not much to it, hey? There's a bar here It's not as decrepit as I thought it would be Yeah I want to stand on the tile I didn't sketch it out We're in like a ghost town kind of thing right now This is like a little house on top of the servo here The people would have worked in The people would have lived in that worked at the servo Or the grocery store The power lines are pretty close I think the power's been shut off here Broken power lines here and stuff We're going to try to find somewhere to paint in Bombay Beach It looks like more people live here now than last time I come Which might sound weird There was way more abandoned trailers last time I came here Bombay Beach Marina Beer and bait No fishing Someone's left a canoe here A few rods Look, there's a bus stop You can catch a bus to ETA never So the bus has got to wait for the bus there forever Across the way here we've got to ski in Open bar Out in the desert In the desert I never noticed that before They made this building look like a face You've got the eyes and the lips and the teeth It's pretty sick Oh, there's a full on gate here Must have been a tiny little compound Yeah, look at that Sorry, we are closed Oh, look at this Would you run it? Look, would you run it? Run it?  What kind of car is this? I don't know But it's been burnt out This is Cyrus's car from Trailer Park Boys It's a Corvette You can see it on there It's a dash mount to their Corvette Oh, it's stick shift too, look It's pretty red It's a bit seized up there Oh, there we go Fourth gear I really want to get a photo inside this Corvette But it's filthy There's no snakes or bugs in America No? There's not a lot of bugs in California Look how low it is to the ground There's a glass though There's flies and shit, there's not heaps Is there? I'll sit on this How about we go really, really close I'll go try I'm in a Corvette, guys Finally got myself a Corvette in America It's ready to come cruising with me It fits pretty well, I feel like you're in a go-kart though You know? It's only got four gears One, two, three, four See, look Pretend you're in top gear I'm Jeremy Clarkson And I'm from Birmingham He's not from Birmingham, is he? I'm getting out of here before I get any black widows You get tetanus So we found a couple of swaths to paint But we're not going over anybody In particular, it's just kind of scrap stuff on the side But, yeah, we're going to have a little paint right now At Bourn Bay Beach I think I'm done my piece You guys get a quick look because I don't like it that much Let's go have a look at Jamie's piece He took out a whole panel here Like a little panel on a train A little anal page It was coming out in a doper than mine, I feel like it You use the space more accordingly Didn't get to skate today But got to get a paint in I got to get a paint in I can't speak English anymore I don't know what's going on with me Our time has come to an end here at Bourn Bay Beach Jesus, I look brown on the camera Yeah, we're going home now I'm not sure if we'll do anything on the way home Maybe get something to eat That's about it But look at this sign Last stop for the Bourn Bay Beach Resort And you've got some ladies in the 1950s Doing some water skiing it looks like In the Salton Sea Back when you could enter the Salton Sea And not get lead poisoning If you're a true blue-fair dink and full-grown Aussie This is what you'd have at 20 to 8 in the f***ing morning Get that into ya Bring me his son On your way back Bring me his son On your way back


CCUAS stands for Counter Small Unmanned Aerial Systems. The mission that we have here for counter CCUAS is to be able to detect, track, identify and defeat small unmanned aerial systems, specifically Group 1, Group 2 drones within this AOR. It's important to do the 386 because this is the new type of warfare that we're dealing with, electronic warfare. Very hard to detect and defeat. We have new systems, new software, everything daily. It's always a battle to stay ahead of the game. Favorite thing about my job is learning the technology aspect, becoming more aware today of what's going on. Most individuals would probably think of Group 1, Group 2 drones as toys used for land survey. They can be used for various aspects. But the capabilities that if in the wrong hands and seeing what can happen overall that could hurt our mission and or our personnel, it's learning, you know, the good and evil. We do conduct base populist flights. That way they can do a salute report, identify, call in, because anything and everything should be reportable and it could help save a life or ally or an asset in the future. So we do provide those flights, teach them about the drones and what they're capable of, whether they're Group 1, Group 2, and how to identify them. It is, to me, it's a very big deal. Knowing what folks are capable of is definitely real. And I think shaping the Air Force and building new counters who have systems definitely helps us in the future.


Are you using Pinterest to drive traffic to your art website? And if so, would you like my six tips for Pinterest marketing for 2022 so that you could increase those results? And most importantly, of course, you can get more sales with your art business. Well, hi, if you've not been here before, welcome to my channel. My name's Sophie and I help artists and creatives just like you to build a successful profitable business doing what you love built around your existing art practice. If that sounds like you and you want more tips and tricks on how to build that successful business then you're in the right place. Don't forget to subscribe to the channel and of course hit the bell to get notified every single time I post a new video. All right, let's jump over to those Pinterest top tips and I'll see you over there. Now Pinterest can often seem just really confusing or actually a lot of hard work and I hear you. But if you knew some of the latest stats, you might change your mind. So over 442 million active users per month, two billion searches per month. Now I don't know about you, but that stat gets me excited. There are people actively looking for products and services. We have to remember that Pinterest is not a social media platform, it's a search engine. And 69, 70% are women, over 25% of active users are actually looking for ideas and they're looking for buying options and they're shoppers which is really important. How many platforms that we do our marketing on actually got people already looking for ideas and looking for things to buy. Now it used to be more US based but over 50% of active users on Pinterest are now located outside of the US. So we really can say it's a global online marketing platform, perfect for us creatives and artists once you understand some of these top tips that I'm going to be sharing with you in a moment. All right, let's just talk a little bit about search just for a moment so hear me out. Okay, when we think about search, we tend to think about Google or YouTube or Pinterest. This is what I think about when I want to look for something. Now the thing about Google, Google is perfect for somebody who knows what they want already. So typically you put into Google, this is what I want to buy these things and some options will show up of where you can buy them. But when you Google something you want an idea, then pictures and videos and things very often pop up and you're led to Pinterest. So when you're thinking I want to decorate my lounge but I'm not really kind of sure what style I want some ideas or maybe want to watch a video, how-to tips and so forth, then Pinterest is the perfect place, all right. You're not necessarily going to put that in a Google search because you're going to come up with a load of random results. So Google is perfect if the customer knows what they want. Pinterest is great if they're looking for an idea. So hold that thought and let's dive into those six top tips for Pinterest marketing for 2022. So tip number one, you really must have a focus niche and make sure that the description of exactly what you offer and ideally for whom is in your little bio section. So your name and your bio and the link through to where you want people to go with that's your website, your Etsy shop, etc. That's got to be very, very clear, all right. You want to claim your niche and you want to claim that sentence that says exactly what it is you do for whom. So when people land on there, they know exactly what to expect. Tip number two, Pinterest loves fresh content. Now, what do we mean by fresh content? That's a pin that's never been seen before. So that's you creating pins in something like Canva or Photoshop or whatever photo editing app that you use. But honestly, Canva is really simple and quick and easy to use. So you create pins and you pin them on to your Pinterest account. All right, that's fresh content. You're going to be rewarded by Pinterest for doing just that. And remember here that you want to pin regularly. So this is not, oh, I've pinned something, you know, one month and then I'll pin something another month. This is daily, weekly pinning. This is using something like Tailwind. Check out the link below where you can find out more about Tailwind. So Tailwind is a phenomenal scheduling tool and will make it a lot easier for you to upload a month or two months worth of pins and that they can go out on a regular basis. So tip number three, use search engine optimization, SEO. That's putting your keywords. Keywords to remember are the phrases that people are going to put into Pinterest to find what you have. You want to use those in the board titles, board descriptions, pin title, pin description, like anywhere and everywhere you can put keywords in naturally and organically, then that's what you want to be doing. Tip number four, create idea pins. What's an idea pin I hear you shout? It's basically like a story, right? So unlike somewhere like Instagram, it's not something that disappears after 24 hours. It's just a different type of content on your Pinterest page. Right now Pinterest really loves the idea pin. So you can add up to 20 pages, you could create a video, you could create different pages of information on. This is a brilliant way for people to find out more information about what it is that you do. So get creative when you think about how you could put together an idea pin. I will be doing a new video on how to create an idea pin and different ideas for artists to use that strategy. Tip number five, just what we were talking about on my previous Instagram video, use video, video, video, video, video. So if you haven't watched the Instagram video, this is a link to it here, but we talk a lot about using video and guess what we're gonna mention it again here. So more and more and more every platform is wanting to reward you for putting videos together. People like to watch video, it's short, it's easy. You can do it from a safe place at work, just scroll through, watch a video. So Pinterest is exactly the same. So again, think about how you could create a short and simple video pin. So you could do that on Canva, you could create an image or a series of images and animate it and make that into a video. So don't overthink this, it doesn't have to be a long complicated thing, it just has to be a moving image. So think about video and how you could pin video. Tip number six, re-pin less. Now I know that's probably how we all started our Pinterest accounts back in the day, re-pinning other people's pins like crazy, but things are changing. And so I want you to think about creating your own fresh content and not about rummaging around and just re-pinning things that Pinterest has seen already. Sure, you want to add a few things if they're useful for your audience and relevant to the board, but really we don't want to be using that as an ongoing strategy. You want to be using your time to create fresh content and pinning that to your account. All right, so I hope those six tips have been useful and that you're inspired to get pinning. So remember, there's a lot of other things you can do on Pinterest as well, but if you get started with these six top tips, then you'll be laying them really good foundations. And on top of that, of course, you can be looking at Pinterest ads, rich pins and so forth, and you can build your account from there. But I think this is good foundational strategy for this year. So if you've loved this video, then let me know which one of the top tips that you're going to be taking action on in the comments below this video. Don't forget to give me a thumbs up as well, as that really helps YouTube show other people who might be interested in this content, shows that video out to more people. All right, thank you so much for watching. I'll see you on the next one. Bye-bye.


Okay, so you guys ready for some pre-lunch excitement? Okay, sounds good. Okay, so if I stand over here, you guys can see the exciting stuff. Okay, now, what I wanted to talk a little bit about today was notify support. You know, I'm not expert in this, but I think as you guys know, there has been over the last three years some changes, some improvements. But a long time ago, there was some fun history about notify. So I deal with SMB a lot. I'm also a member of the Samba team. So Samba team was what drove the original notify into the kernel in the first place, Trig's work. It was kind of an irony with that. So I'm going to give an example of it. I'll talk about the problem and then how we might fix it. You guys may have better solutions, so let's dive into that. So as you guys probably know, if you had a Windows or a Mac laptop, it's very common whenever you open any file window, any explorer, right, or the equivalent on a Mac, it's going to populate with all the files in the directory and go read their icons and set little things at the bottom of the icon depending on attributes it finds. So the reason this is important is that if I'm editing a presentation and then I'm dropping it in some shared drive and Dave's editing your presentation, I'll see it. I'll see his show up automatically. I won't have to do anything. I won't have to pull. Back in the dark ages of OS2, they called this the wheel watcher. The wheel watcher, just they're pulling. But many, many years ago, they added notify support to Linux to avoid this. Well, ironically, when they changed the iNotify, that broke it for clients. And, you know, the remote systems connecting to Linux could see notify changes. The servers could see some of this, but it was kind of a mess because it changed the client API. So network file system clients or cluster clients have no way of waiting on these easily right now. Maybe they could hook it in user space. And what I do in the SMB driver is I have an iOctl that you can call. If you want to wait on a notify, then you have to call an iOctl. But then we'd have to change all the apps in user space to use a separate iOctl for each file system. So file systems are not told to wait on anything right now. So there are file systems that call out to wait on things, right? There's cache file systems that call out to wait locally. And there's notify events that file systems can call to notify their read has occurred or write has occurred. But there's no way that they can tell that their iNode has notify events queued for it. And this matters for Linux GUIs too because, you know, you've got, you know, people have the equivalent of, you know, we have an explorer here in Linux as well, right? So if we want to go look at files locally, that matters. If Dave changes or adds a file to a directory, I want to see it. Okay. So here's an example from Windows. So if you look at this, from a remote drive, I create a file junk or from a local drive, I create a file junk. It's automatically refreshed on the remote mount. This is Windows, right? It happens the same in most operating systems except Linux. So from a different client, I'm creating junk, but this client sees the junk that was created automatically without me having to do any polling. That's normally how you expect it to work. That's the whole reason for the API in the first place. But iNodeify doesn't call into the FS. So if you look at this function here, this is Update Existing Watch. You can see how Update Existing Watch works here. It calls into Find Mark, Container of, sets the mask, but there's no call out to tell Ceph or to tell AFS or to tell SMB. I don't remember, does NFS have an equivalent? I guess you could have a directory release delegation, right? Does NFS have a notify async? The protocol has it, but it's not implemented in Linux. Yeah. I mean, it's super common thing you see in other OS. And, you know, there's no point in doing it for Linux for NFS unless you actually had an API that could call into the NFS driver. But, you know, from the SMB perspective, it's not... It's very commonly used. There's also an FA notify. And I don't want to dive in too much to FA notify, but these file system events are also interesting. And a little bit confusing to me. There's these bit marks that you wait on, but FA notify and I notify are on the same directory tree. And you guys can look at that. Whether FA notify is as useful, I don't really know, because I don't know how many... One thing I couldn't find trivially last night, and you guys might know, is how many apps actually use FA notify? Obviously, there's some very important ones that use I notify. Steve. Yes. So, FA notify was... When it was conceived, it was used for and created by antivirus vendors for the permission events, which are blocking events. But since then, there's been a lot of work to add more functionality to FA notify. And it's relevantly recent, so it started coming in with 5.1 and more functionality later. So, in 5.10, there's... FA notify is almost a super set of I notify. Right? And, of course, it adds a lot more features, but it implemented most of the features that were available in I notify and not available in FA notify before. One very big feature that I added to FA notify that did not exist, I notify is watching the entire file system. Okay? So, instead of recursive watches, and I don't know... So, there are not many applications because it's new. Right? Yeah. And the applications using I notify are older. What I did do is I went and implemented for the library I notify tools, which is where the I notify wait and I notify watch utilities are. I added support for FA notify. So, now, the recent release, you have an addition on top of the tools I notify wait, I notify watch. You have the tools, FS notify wait, FS notify watch, which you can use to watch a file system or a file. It doesn't matter, but using the FA notify API. I think this is extremely useful. So, one of the key questions, though, is how it maps to, let's say, what's available in current file systems, you know, SMB, NFS, AFS, F, whatever. So, I'll show you in a second for SMB. We have the choices for notification of doing, you know, best effort, async notifications, or doing things like delegations or releases where we guarantee we'll be notified. 100% guarantee we'll be notified about the remote change. And, you know, obviously we, I think NFS uses it more than SMB right now, but we use it on the root directory and it's being, I just had some patches for 5.19 to extend it more. But those, you know, we can wait on any event relating to a directory or a tree. So, what this originally, what I notified was originally designed for was to support async, the best effort, it's called change notified over the wire. And that's an async thing, it doesn't sit there and wait for the client to respond. So, there are additional, one thing I'm curious about is here's the I notify flags in the Linux headers.  And are there other events that, you know, other than a file being accessed, modified, deleted, created, that FA notify requires beyond these here? What do you mean by acquires? Well, what I mean is that, I'll give you an example. In SMB, I believe there is a notify event on an alternate data stream or an X adder being created. Okay, great. I don't know if NFS could support that or AFS could support that, but there is an option to wait on other things than, I want to wait on this directory to see if a file is created, great. But do you want to wait on this directory for something that the file system can't support? There may be flags that you can pass in that can't be supported. And I don't remember exactly how the mask might be set up so a file system can say, well, I can tell you if a file is created or deleted, but I can't tell you if a file is accessed. Are you asking about FA notify? FA notify has a very similar set of masks. It has some additional events for execute and stuff like that, but I mean, if there's something missing, we can think about adding it, so here's what it is in the Linux iNotify headers. I don't have the NFS RFC pulled up to look at what NFS has or AFS, but those are probably a subset of SMB. For SMB, these are the things you can filter for or what can be watched for. You can look for changing particular timestamps, look for changing the file name, deleting, creating, writing, right? So these are the kinds of things that... So I don't know. I mean, these map pretty well, I think. I don't know if applications... I need to argue if there are applications that need to know specifically about the change of extended attribute. Yeah, but we don't have to use that. You don't have to. No, no, you don't have to. It's okay. It's okay if... But changing the accl, changing the rich accl or changing the posix accl, change security might, right? Maybe if you can show that there's interest, but then only CIFFs will support this event, so...  And personally I would think that I would want to be notified if somebody changed permissions underneath me without permission, right? So I got this... Here's a Ubuntu box here, right? I might have an event that I'm looking to see if somebody's changing accls under me. I don't know. Forget... But I think it's fairly close. Streams are similar to extended attributes, so we don't have to talk about that, but I think it maps fairly well the events you can watch for. And I didn't look... Like I said, I didn't look at the NFS-RFC for this or the AFS-1. And you can return these as... So you're filtering for this and what can be returned is you added or deleted whatever you're waiting on. So I think it maps pretty well. So... In terms of applications on Linux that use I-Notable notifications like this, it's mostly desktop, things like desktop file managers and stuff. So KDE, if I remember rightly, will start... You can set a watch through the KDE infrastructure and it will start to be a demon to do the watching for you. No one appears to have something similar, and it seems to watch for mostly directory change events, but also for permissions changes on files because it may be displaying the permissions all the times. And so it will update the thing if those change. And if notifications aren't available, I think it polls in the background. Oh, it's not that the notifications are not available, it's just that they're not granular. You get a notification for attribute change. You just cannot request for specifically... Yeah, but it is polling for some sort of attribute change. So polling or watching some sort of attribute change. And then it has to work out what changed. But there are applications in Linux that do this. Mostly desktop environment applications. But also Wine will do it, I would suspect. I use it in cache files. I'm sure there are other places that use it. I think it would make a lot of... We have a few questions for remote attendees, and I really wanted to use this opportunity to see how we can let remote attendees really participate because you've been asking for this still for a long time, but now a few developers also took a shot at implementing something like this. And let's see. First of all, Vivek says, what's the equivalent of a stream in FS Notify, in iNotify? What's a stream? Can you go back and slide? Yeah. So in the Windows world, a stream is associated with the file like... So a stream is like an extended attribute, but you can do seek, read, and write on it. With an extended attribute, you typically replace the whole attribute, right? Where with a stream, it's the same kind of thing. There are many people who dislike streams as a feature of other operating systems. The concept that you have a file that has its main data stream, is what you're used to. And then it has these other alternate data streams that are sometimes used. As an example, historically, what sometimes is used, you might have a file that had the English-language version of all of the help text was stored in one stream, in the German in another, and if they wanted to add Portuguese, it was in another. So they had an alternate data stream for each language that the program used. But it's really, I think, less important because many file systems don't support streams, and they just map them to extended attributes. Macs have a lot of backup code in the iPhones and iPads, and Macs, if you can't find a stream to use something else to use, et cetera. Okay, let's try to have Vivek speak on his behalf, if we can make it work. By the way, we did have some patches three years ago or four years ago from one of the guys, maybe somebody at... Yeah, Miklos sent some... some POC. But, yeah, it's not simple. So let me, before Joseph is trying to invite Vivek to speak on his own behalf, but what I can say is that there is an implementation, a national implementation by Ioannis that had iNotify, specific iNotify API added to Fuse protocol. Okay, Vivek. Okay, can you hear me? Yes. Yeah, so as Amir was updating, for the Fuse file system, so basically our goal was what you were trying to do with Samba and Sys, we thought, hey, can we do it for what Ioannis? That's where Ioannis started playing with it and did the initial implementation and because iNotify is simpler, fnotify, the semantics are much more rich, so a little harder to understand. So we started with something like, let's just try to do a remote iNotify and just posted one version of patches. So what we did is basically, because in our case, so basically what you were doing is whatever watches you put on the local iNotes, we forwarded it to the remote iNotes and so the what I offer just puts the same users iNotify and watches for the events and the moment the events happen, it forwards it back to the client and then client sends it back to the user space. So, and after that, the one feedback we got from Amir is, hey, this is like underlying, this is the fsNotify infrastructure, which is common and being used both by iNotify and fnotify. So what you have implemented is like, you are using this common fsNotify infrastructure, so try to make it more generic. Let's call it remote fsNotify so that you can support both iNotify and fnotify. So that's what Ioannis is trying to do now, like extend it to even support fnotify but because fnotify is so rich, in terms of semantics, we are running into a lot of issues. For example, like, of course, like Amir said, there are many things you cannot support. For example, the permission things we cannot support. fnotify has something where it opens a file descriptor by default, then for the file on which the event happened, then we realize that it requires a path information and all we are sending from the remote is iNotify information. And so like, we don't have the path and then probably can't open the file descriptor. So maybe I'm going into too much into details because Ioannis is still struggling with it and he was seeing many more events. So just taking a step back, like I guess that's what you are also looking for, like a respective implementation detail. Maybe like, I'm assuming that you are also looking at that, hey, let's look, let's try to implement this iNotify and fnotify for remote file systems and see how many of the events can be mapped, like whatever the protocol is supporting, whatever can be mapped, we will map and maybe reject the rest of the events if we can't map but don't support. Yep, that makes sense. I think it's very important to understand at a high level what Fuse might want to allow, what NFS might want to allow, what AFS, what SMB, can it work on files so it doesn't only work on directories? Because the alternative is really painful. The alternative is that we're polling and I was thinking about Dave's comment about FS-Cache. FS-Cache matters over every file system practically, right? I mean, there's a lot of cases where FS-Cache would matter over Fuse. There's a lot of cases over NFS or SMB and maybe this is a better way for FS-Cache. You know, we can tie in with delegations and leases, sure, that's great but there's cases where FS-Cache matters as well. Because right now... Yeah, sorry, Jan wanted to say something. Yeah, sure. So, hi. So my point was giving you, like, a hook into the file system when a watch, like, notify a watch is added is the simple part, yeah? You can do that and I can even imagine, like, the file system will, in the hook, have the right to say, you know, I don't support this so it will propagate the error back to user space, basically. The somewhat difficult part is more on these... So when the file system actually detects events and this is going to be different for different file systems, yeah? So for somebody, you have it mostly soft because the protocol already has the support of the remote notification, essentially. Vivek is struggling with this for the IOFS because there they have to actually develop the protocol to generate this notification on the file system side. So that's actually a separate set of problems, let's say. But if we now speak about the interface between the file system and the FS-Notify layer, like, telling the file system there is a watch added is the simple thing. But what's more complex is, so you have the event on the file system side and now you want to feed it back into FS-Notify so that user can read it from the, like, FS-Notify descriptor, essentially. Either I-Notify descriptor or I-Notify descriptor, but it's in principle the same thing. So because there, as Vivek said, you know, there are some expectations from user space about the information that's inside the event and, you know, you have to make sure that the file system can actually provide this information. So for I-Notify, it's relatively simple because it's going to be the I-Note number and the file name, essentially. And I hope that most file systems will be able to look up the I-Note for which the event happened so that we can give it back to user space, essentially. Like, we don't... It's not I-N-I, it's the watch descriptor for I-Notify, but anyway, oh, sorry. On that question, I looked at my grep for FS-Notify notifications, the ones that locally are passed up to the application and it looked like on open, it calls with the file, you know, FS-Notify open, on read, you get FS-Notify access or modify. So, you know, grepping for this, it looks like there's already things and they mostly just require the file descriptor, the file struct, whatever the... So, in many cases... Scriptor is definitely enough, you know. If you have file descriptor, you have more than enough, you know, for this file descriptor, you have basically everything, even for FA-Notify. Like, if you have file descriptor, then that's enough for FA-Notify in all the cases as well. Yeah, but for... Sometimes you have only... Yeah, sometimes the problem is you have only the I-Note, yeah, and then things start to get difficult or maybe you even don't have the I-Note. Right, that's the problem we have. Like, at least in our implementation, all we have is I-Note. No file descriptors, no path information, no mountain information, nothing. I mean, I have a similar problem. Right, I'll have a similar problem because it's a directory event, right, and in some cases I won't have an open file for it. So, there are going to be similar problems in SMB, right, because you're going to get a directory notification about a file being modified. Right, so, you may know... So, I was trying to look at these FS-Notify. If you look at, like, Removder, that's where you get a dentary, Flags, I mean, they're mostly... I guess they're mostly I-Note, but not all. I gave you some examples of file. I-Octol notifies for access and modifier files, but most of these are dentaries or I-Notes. So, we definitely need dentaries so that basically dentaries is a way to propagate the name into FS-Notify so that it can get reported. So, dentary is needed, but also the mountain information is needed for FS-Notify, for example. Because, like, we don't have to support this at least initially, but for us to be able to support a full set of FS-Notify features, you would have to also, like, tell the mount point. But I'm perfectly fine with just telling, you know, file system returning basically not supported for, you know, if the user attempts to use, say, the mount point watches or even the file system watches. You know, if we are going... Jan, we cannot support mount filtering for remote changes changes anyway, because it changes remote, it's not from a local mount. Yep. Yep. That's true. Also, we may be able to modify some of these helpers, like, you know, the ones that are files. Like, FS-Notify X-Adder is a dentary I-Node, right? So, FS-Notify X-Adder, you're writing to an X-Adder, it's using the dentary or the I-Node. Write to a file, but not write to an X-Adder, or use this file. So there may be a way to modify the functions that FS-Notify, modify dentary or something, right? So we may be able to avoid the need for a file by just... Yeah, it's possible. It's possible to do that. Yeah. We need to look into it, but it's possible. I looked at this code. Like what... Sorry, somebody's saying something. Sorry, I was just saying that I've looked at this code before, and usually these things are just wrappers around the main thing that does easily there. If you look at the helper, it actually breaks down the I-Node dentary, so... I mean, that's really good. And it avoids this problem here. If you look at the screen here, like, I don't want an app to have to call an FS-specific I-Octol. I mean, I'll offer it, so you can... We got user space tools, you can write for this kind of thing, but I really don't want this. I want people to be using something that's a little saner. And I have kind of PTSD from thinking one of my first jobs after graduate school was looking at the OS2 and Windows Wheel Watcher. That's so crazy. Polling every whatever just to look at the darn... And it's terrible for networks to be polling, so we don't want to have apps polling if we can avoid it. And anything we can do to avoid that, to sane use of notifies, to me seems like kind of a win. The hard part, though, was, if you look at the proposal thing, was it was just a little bit harder to figure out how to plum the registration of the events. It's not too bad, but the registration of events was a little bit tricky for I-Notify and a little bit trickier for FA-Notify. Not because of the mapping of flags, but just sort of, like, making sure that I understood where you'd have the check to see if a file system exported Notify, and if it did, also call Notify, because there's no harm in notifying locally as well as having the Notify from remote on that same mount. So, anyway, it didn't look too bad, but... Yeah, I think it's... the answer was reasonable to call... like, provide a callback to let the file system know if a watch is coming. I think that between you and Vivek, you can probably work out a reasonable interface. That sounds reasonable to me. But what about sub-tree watches? Because in Windows, there's an entire sub-tree. I don't know whether... I don't know whether you can do that in FA-Notify or specify that. Yeah, everybody wants that. Well, the good news is, as long as you're... for the whole mount, I can call a sub-tree watch on the mount, and the fact that Windows supports something you don't, it hurts Samba server, but I don't care as a client. The mount thing is, as John said, you have to know the amount the operation is coming from in order to filter by the mount, and that's only available if you have file-stract, not if you have dent-tree. But, I mean, if you're waiting on a file system mount, then we just call out and say, do a sub-tree for... tell the server to do a sub-tree watch on that whole sub-tree starting at the top. Several approaches have been attempted, several patch sets have been posted. Yeah, it's... It's not trivial. And I think the other thing to remember is that this is an asynchronous non-perfect mechanism using Change Notify, but NFS and SMB and every protocol also supports a strict approach where you'd have delegations, leases, usually not worth the cost to have all those, but it is an option as well to implement underneath in other file systems, but I think letting the file system decide on that is fine, but you'd have to just check to make sure the file system supports this operation and if not, just fall through the current code and not do anything different, there's no changes. But I think one of the things I want to mention, because we're all running low on time, is that what bothered me was when I went into XFS test, especially after the discussions that Ted and you guys were all having Lua, all these guys, like, do you see any tests? What? What? I was watching the chat, what? I couldn't find any XFS tests. Oh, the tests? The tests are not an XFS test. Okay. Yes, yes, yes. We maintain our tests in LTP. Yeah. Yeah. So, it's great, just something we need to make sure that we're aware of because we want to make sure we don't break obvious things. We have a feature and we have test coverage for bugs that we fix. Okay. You know, there may be cases, and we can talk about this in the afternoon, is like where we may refer an XFS test or the XFS test wiki to other test suites, but, you know, at a high level, I was like, well, how do I try this? Let me run a test case and show it, and then I'm like, oh, shoot, I can't find a test case. And I could have run, you know, a sample program myself, but I was being lazy. But I do think that testing if I notify, especially as it evolves, is going to be important because there are apps that depend on this other than just Explorer or the GUI, the desktop. Yeah. I think this is a historical artifact from the point of at a certain point in time, those folks who were most interested in XFS tests, which tended to be the core file system developers were using XFS tests because people who, if you actually look at denotify and inotify, it's in the core VFS and the people who were doing that work or maybe it was the LTP folks. Anyway, the tests are in LTP and I think I've never worried about the fact that there's no inotify or FA notify tests and XFS tests because I don't worry about inotify and denotify. I'm just merely stating that the historical reason was that at the point in time those people who were most regularly writing XFS tests and running XFS tests were very, very important and very important and very important and very important and very important and very important and very important so byDoesthingXFS tests were separate from those folks who were mostly doing I notify and denotify, and that's just a historical thing. We do have to be careful, though. Take your example.  Now you're calling it on an event and you only have one event you're waiting on but even EXT4 has specific FSnotify code. I didn't realize this until last night like one in the morning. It's like, what the heck? We have notified code in it. Yeah, that's pretty recent. All right, let's move on to the next topic, which is you anyway, but we're about done on this one. Okay, sounds good, and we can follow up afterwards. Okay, so let's talk about another function.