Hello hello, I Apologize we've had to reschedule this press conference from 1 p.m.. To 2 p.m.. Sheeral Gandhi is here senior leaders of the Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee are also present We have about 30 to 35 minutes at most for this press interaction Because there are other engagements that mr. Gandhi has including resuming the 15th day of the Bharat Jodo Yatra Questions can be asked in Malayalam For those who want to ask in Malayalam mr. Satishan will translate the questions Questions can be of course asked in English and Hindi. I'll request free Raul Gandhi in case he wants to make a brief Two-minute three-minute we can start or we go straight into questions answers So let's go straight into questions and answers. We have finished today is the 15th day. We've finished 325 kilometers so far So those of you who want to ask questions, I would request you this press interaction is on the Bharat Jodo Yatra So please keep your questions on the Bharat Jodo Yatra Who will be the first question in? Yeah, anyone who wants to ask a question in Malayalam nobody nobody. Yeah, please I have just two questions for you. I can't actually hear you properly Well, mr. Pedra, we can has Revolved that when you started your Yatra from Kanyakumari Goa Congress has already finished. I Can't actually hear what you're saying Just say it without the mic. No sir One question per person so you choose the question you'd like to ask and ask which is the question Your question is that the chief minister has said that the Goa Congress has an issue Because of the Bharat because and the Bharat Jodo Yatra is going on. Yeah, as I've said many times before We are fighting a machine That has captured the institutional framework of this country. We're fighting a machine that has Unlimited money Unlimited ability to pressurize people Unlimited ability to buy people Unlimited ability to threaten people and The outcome of that is what you have seen in Goa the Yatra is designed to Tell the people of India that they need to be united that they need to go back to an India which was Loving and affectionate to itself So these are two distinct things And of course the chief minister has every right to his opinion Can can you give him a mic that works? Can you hear me? Can you hear me? Yeah. Yeah, it's been 15 days. So you are initial feedback from the Yatra and We have seen good response in Kerala But once it enters into BJP road stage, do you see this kind of momentum building up? in other states I see Kerala has been frankly overwhelming success and People have been coming out Regardless of their affiliations so that is Very very encouraging The success of the Yatra is Based on a couple of ideas First idea is that a India that stands united is Not at war with itself is not angry with itself is not full of hatred is something that Majority of Indian people appreciate and like so that's one idea that is pushing the Yatra There are two other ideas that are also pushing the Yatra one is The level of unemployment that India is facing today Devastating unemployment. That's just not a Kerala issue. That's across the country and the third issue is The prices which are just skyrocketing. These are the three ideas that are Pushing and encouraging the Yatra these ideas are interconnected There is a link between the spreading of hatred by the BJP RSS the concentration of capital by a chosen few and The gross unemployment that India is facing and the massive increase in prices that India is facing These things are connected to each other and the people of India and the people of Kerala are beginning to realize that my expectation is that It will not matter which state we go to the effect of the Yatra Will be the same in state after state after state regardless of who's running that state because there is an underlying problem now in India and The people of India and particularly the youth of India are feeling tremendous pain How would you to make this fruitful your to make your Yatra fruitful you should have Traveled through UP more than two days. No, that was an opinion. Well came from the CPA the thing is that the Yatra is Is a is a Yatra that goes From one point of India to another point of India. That's the idea and that's the way we've designed the route We're not going to UP. We are going to UP for probably a little while, but we're for example not going to Bihar We're not going to West Bengal. We're not going to Gujarat right and the reason is that it is the Yatra from one end of India to another end of India That's because frankly We can't walk 10,000 kilometers either, right? So there is a limit. There is a there is a limit to sort of the the route and stuff like that Don't don't worry about that because we We have a view on what needs to be done in Uttar Pradesh. We have a very clear view. Don't worry about that Oh In the last press conference, I made my position very clear You know then that remains my position. I mean I've explained it multiple times Just take a look. Just take a look at the last press conference. You'll see exactly what I said Look, I have repeated myself many many times take a look at the last press conference And you'll you'll have a very good sense of what I said How we all know you have a National perception So my question to you is what is the one piece of advice you would give to those who want to contest for the office of Congress President one piece of advice that You are taking on a a position It's a historic position And it's a position that defines and Has defined a particular view of India The Congress president is not just an organizational post the Congress president is a Ideological post it It is a belief system So my advice would be that Whoever becomes Congress president should remember That he represents a set of ideas He represents a belief system and he represents a vision of India Raoji we all know you have a greater national perspective, but your yatra now is in Kerala every day The Congress Kerala Congress leaders rising new issues against the state government, but not a single word against Pundray government in your speech in Kerala How are you evaluating the left government in Kerala? look an evaluation of the left government in Kerala Is better done by the leadership of the Congress in Kerala I'm very clear what my goal is With regards to this yatra My goal with regards to this yatra is to put across to the people of India that the hatred the violence and the arrogance That is now visible in our country is not good for our country This country has a tradition of humility of Non-violence of compassion and that is actually the true India the two other ideas that I'm placing on the table is The level of disparity between rich and poor in India has now reached a point of no return The poor are suffering high prices Unemployment and they are going through very very painful times and then there is a handful of people who have immense wealth and My position is that this contrast is not good for India That is what I'm focusing on. Of course as far as the Left-front goes I have an Ideological disagreement with them And I have I have issues with how they view Politics You know and and Kerala Me me me me me me me Pitchley press conference me both clearly, but I do not have a little patience. You'll find out what's going to happen My my communication my communication The congress worker who We are a family My communication with them is direct media through me So my direct link with them Or who who asks me I directly tell them Every question is connected to that idea again I have I've made my position clear and I don't want to delve on this subject because I'm you're making me answer the same question six seven times Right. I've made my clear position very clear. You can look at many such interactions that have taken place in the past You'll get my answer. It's always been the same Abhi abhi to abhi to Bharat Yatari Matlab Shuru Vini why? So Matlab abhi to Kya Dostin, Teensaw Kilometer, Teensaw, Pachchis Kilometer who are you? Is Kua Bharat Yatari, Neekai Satte is Kua Pada Neepat Se did Paat Se District Kya Yatari Kaisa So, let's see let's see as it goes along Yeah, he's a while up. I say So It's a dozen Baat Poochi. I think I'll go better job. They pounder Joe what we have decided Joe. I'm a Udaipur made decide Oh Congress party kind of commitment. Hey, so I expect that commitment will be maintained The key a leg a leg Vecti a leg a leg she's okay, but it won't take a Fisherman similar To fisherman a key Joe, I'm a re-zameen a super encroachment ki a jarra or Joe, I'm a re-zinega Tariqa. I'm super Akraman a rubber worker se pujie So, we have to go the second Tariqa. He came a key to the key Africa say Import, I'm a no son. I'm a no son, but we'll be a carry on indirectly. We'll be a carry on key Joe, I'm a re-zameen who's part I'm a pressure or I'm a giant or pujie, but yeah, okay, right? through a bar up to the head key Hindustan Do teen char, but a buddy of patti I believe you have a new owner, you have a new owner, that's what I'm talking about, right? I'm going to answer your question, but that's just an example of what I was saying. I'm going to answer a question, but by the way, ownership of newspapers is not immaterial at all. Ownership of newspapers defines what newspapers do. I am, as I have repeatedly said, this is a Yatra being done by hundreds of congresspeople. Actually in Kerala now, lakhs of people. I am a participant in this Yatra. You choose to focus everything on me, right? This is your choice, but the idea of the Yatra is hundreds, thousands, lakhs of congresspeople walking from one side, one point in India to the other point in India, right? So, of course, I have a view. I have an idea of why I'm doing the Yatra, but there are millions of people now who are involved in this. And your question about, you know, whether I'm a candidate or whether I'm not a candidate is designed to distract from what we're doing. And I'm not going to fall into that trap. Sir, today there are raids that are happening across the country on PFI leaders' houses and PFI offices. I can't hear you. Today there are raids that are happening across the country on PFI offices and PFI leaders' houses. About 105 of them have been arrested. There are also talks that this could be a first step before banning them and PFI is claiming that this is basically a vendetta because the ruling party is trying to muffle their voice. What is your view on this? What's your reaction? My view is that all forms of communalism, all forms of violence, regardless of where they come from are the same and should be combated. There should be zero tolerance on communalism regardless of where it's coming from. The people who are walking with us in the Bharat Jodo Yatra are evaluating the left front government. They are telling you what they think about the left front government. It is not my place. By walking, they are giving you a sentiment, right? But my main aim in this Yatra, and I've repeatedly said it, my focus in this Yatra is the hatred, the anger, the violence that the BJP and the RSS are spreading. I don't want to get into a conversation that diverts me from that aim. My aim is very clear. Point number one, we are not going to accept an India which is divided, hateful. We are not going to accept it. Neither is the Congress party going to accept it. Neither is the opposition going to accept it. Neither are the people of India going to accept it. Point number two, we are not going to accept an India where our youngsters cannot get employment. Point number three, we are not going to accept an India where the poor people are drowning in high prices. This is my message and I'm not going to get distracted from this message. Well, to be honest with you, I've got a lot of left front workers coming and shaking hands with me. I mean, they're there. They're on the sides of the roads because they appreciate, they appreciate the idea of what we are doing. Of course, it becomes very difficult in political combat for senior leaders of the left front to support what we're doing. We're going to understand that. But inside their heart, right, even they know that the point I'm raising, the idea that India is being divided, hatred is being spread in India, in their heart, they know I'm raising a correct point.  Look, in the politics of India, any action should be taken, any action. If I go out and talk to five people here, then you will say that this is for 2024. If I go and tell them to eat ice cream with someone, you will say, I've eaten ice cream for 2024. But this is not true. According to me, the most important thing today that is being distributed to India, that is being broken, that is being spread hatred, that is it. I do think that it is very important that the opposition parties come together. And I think that is required to fight the ideology and the financial power and the institutional power as a result of the capture of the BJP and the RSS. So yes, I do think it is important that the opposition has a discussion and comes out with a strategy. Look, I think any Congress worker, Congress leader who wants to fight the Congress election has the right to fight the Congress election. So I think it's not a bad thing, I think it's a good thing. But I'd like to point out one thing that it's interesting to me that everybody asks the question about when the Congress party election is going to take place, who is going to fight the Congress party election. But you do not do this about any other political party in the country. You do not ask this question about the BJP, you do not ask this question about the RSS, you do not ask this question about the Communists, you do not ask this question about the Samajwadi, about the BSP, you don't ask this question. And I am saying this with a significant degree of pride because we are the only political party in this country that does this. Mr. Gandhi has had two press interactions in the last 15 days. There are some leaders who have been in public life for 20 years and not had a single press conference. No, I think there's only one leader, not some leaders. I think there's only one leader. Mr. Gandhi has other engagements now, please. He has to meet others and then go back to the Yatra. So thank you very much for joining us. Thank you. Thank you.


What's up guys, we're X34 back with Vintage U. And we have a pack battle of Portuguese, L.O.B. We both have 15 booster packs. We're both gonna pull blue eyes, probably not, but we are out in a hotel in Los Angeles. You'll see why eventually, but for now it's all spoilers, but no spoilers I guess. So let's just start this pack battle off. And last time we opened these, we had a lot of damage cards. We did pull two blue eyes. So let's just see how it goes here. We don't really know what's gonna be inside. Maybe they'll be bit, maybe they won't be bit. That one looks pretty bad. That one looks bit. So that's it. Not a good start. Okay, we've got damage on the top, so that's already not good. But that's okay. What is that? Oh! Ponte green. All right, Ponte. You can do the, what are the Portuguese pronunciation? The Portuguese. I'll do the English. The Ponte da Ganancia. Almost like a Garnicia Alifantes. This lighting and this setup is a little bit under rigged. You're not gonna promise? All right, we're slummin' it here. Not gonna be great. I feel like this is definitely a hollow. It's gonna be bent too, isn't it? I bet it's the read for the cards. Ooh, hey, hey, there we go. Same in English and Portuguese. Yeah, okay, that makes it easy. Hey, nay, hey, nay. Yup. That's what I like. Okay. So far, we have nothing. Panda frintico. Okay, we're not even gonna say that. Electric whip. Oh, come on. Carbonala warrior. Carbonala warrior. We can't even say that in English once I was saying that. Heck yeah. Portuguese. All right, we need something. Ooh. Is that Trial of Hell or Trial of Nightmare? We'll never know. Yeah, we'll never know. Let us know, Portuguese. Dissolve rock roca. And nothing. Gravedigger ghoul. Good, good. Bad start, slow start. All right, this has to be it. This has to be it. The Pocaino Drago. Yeah, no moth. No moth, but there is a Pocaino Drago. Ooh, the Drilling Lizard. Sparks. Oh. Flame ghost. Flame ghost. All these rares. Yeah. I feel like we've pulled like the exact five comments. Yeah, we've pulled that. That's an interesting one, how they do number two. Yeah. And there's- There's River of the Cards.  Yeah, yeah. Two packs. Oh, we got number one. You got number one and number two. Okay. All right, so yeah, last time I opened these and we got like 40 foils and everyone was like, they're scaling. I was like, first of all, it's not even worth scaling these, but this is why, because all these are like packs probably. All right, here we go. The manipulator. All right. Were all these out of like the same lot? Yep. I got like a, we got like 140 or something. So yeah, you just pick the good packs the first time. Yeah. The first like half of them had all the foils. Guarvis. Basic insect. What is it? Inferno. It's a- Heat. Raise body heat. Raise body heat. And a pot of heat. We're basically tied for the battle. Yeah. Two pots of heat. Whoever pulls the hog is gonna win the battle. What hollow is? Yeah. I think someone's gonna pull something. One of the big three or four. I hope so. Or something. Oh, it's all raw. Terra arida. Oh, secret rare. That looks pretty good. The center is always terrible on these 4G's guys. It's actually better than like the other one I got. It's pretty nice. All right, well. You gotta hand me a sliver real quick. Nah, we don't. We don't sleep on 4G's. I'm just kidding guys, I'm just kidding. I gotta use my- Of course. I gotta use my dragon sliver sleeves. Yeah. Dragon shield. Dragon shield. They won't sponsor me, so. Yeah. Just put it like a beep over that. Get those to the- Until they sponsor you. All right, well, I don't think- I either have a trap hole or a two-prong attack. Oh, a trap hole. Oh, a trap hole. There's all the foils. Here we go. There we go. That's nice. I really hope that one I got in the line. And we have two- I don't know if they short printed, short printed commons that were there or not, but if they're there- Yeah, I really don't know if they're there. I got two short printed commons as well. All right, you gotta- Yeah, raise body heat earlier too. So. We're either getting lucky or they didn't short print. Misskel sheet number two. Fiz- Fizura. Oh. Oh yeah. We see a bliving arrow.  Can we go back to back? Another short print, if that's a thing. Ooh, could not, could not match your guy. It's your Rubin. So many crappy fusion monsters in the LB. So many. MRD definitely has better, better commons in rares. Oh yeah, by far. Like when I opened that box recently, I realized, wow, metal raiders in general is still way better set, to be honest. Yeah, even the Ultras. Like the Ultras and like even some of the Supras. The Supras for LB overall, I think are better, but there's still some good ones. There's a final flame. But the commons are just way better. And the rares, like magician of faith. Sanging, which is like forage. There's so many good ones. If like LB, it's like pot of greed. Yep. And that's it. And then you're like, well, Trout of Hell, maybe I'll pull that. You don't like, you don't like 2-pronged attack? 2-pronged attack. I love pulling that card. Ooh. Ooh, Celtic Guardi. Guardi, Aiyu. I never know how to pronounce that. Aiyu? Everyone that speaks Portuguese has told me a million times, and I always forget. I'm sorry guys. Thank you. Appreciate it. I'm like, how do I say this? And they tell me, and then I go the next time, and I just do it the same way. So you have just the secret air? Just the secret air. You got two super rares, so. Yeah, I still think you're beating me. I'd say I would, I am, but. Oh, another one. Another one. Not one foil, and two foil, so three. Insert DJ Callan. DJ. Another one. Mystic Sheep. Where's that beast wire? Oh. Oh, Probedo. That was actually pretty well centered, too. All right, we're back. Rookie mistake, left it off airplane mode. Exodia piece. That's, we saw the pull though. Left arm. Left arm, not the left leg. The left arm, we'll take it. And pretty well centered, actually. Ever since I mentioned the left thing, I don't think I've even pulled like eight one, or like even zero. Okay. It is amazing that you would think first edition, even in a foreign language, would hold some value, kind of just like North American, and then just drops off. Yeah, there's like nothing else. Oceanic, Asian.  All right, Carb just fine, the true Canadian. Yeah, I know some people like the European ones, but like the Europeans. Yeah, European would probably be tier two. Oh, that one rips. Very easily. Okay. Oh man, the first card is only one that got killed, so far I haven't had too much damage, just nice. Actually no, nevermind. Now that I look at this, this whole pack's destroyed. Espirito de Hartha. First pack though, we got the big damage. The rest of them were pretty good until then. Another fusion. Woo, so wait, you have an Ultra and two supers, and I have a secret. That's it. Pretty much a wash right now. This has been, no, I don't know. You got three foils. One of them being a piece of anxiety, it probably had one foil, it's just not too good. Pandafranetico. And Hain. Here are 22 foils. No, sorry. Yeah, 22. No, how many rares are there in this set? Oh, I have no idea. So normal sets, yeah, in normal sets I think there's 20, and in LOB I think there's 22. I actually have never even looked at that. How many rares there were? Let's see. Yeah, 22 rares. LOB, and then every other set after that is 20 rares. So in a full box of LOB, you're not gonna pull every rares. So that makes collecting the entire set even that much more difficult. Yeah. And but we, I mean, like these are just. Yeah, you're only gonna get like 18 or 17 rares if there are no dupes. Yeah, and these are just loose packs. So a goblin secret remedy. Yeah, like that's the kind of rawer you're gonna pull versus metal raiders. Yeah. Got a goblin secret remedy.   Miserizame, yame. Come on, give us something good, come on. Lobo floor. No. One flow, this is gonna be brutal. Hey, hey, third one. What is this? Oh, what is this? What is this? Third, hey, hey. Oh, that was good. All right, we got, we got two more packs for me and two more packs for Vinci Gugio.  This is pretty brutal. I'll be with that. I think we are in big trouble. That's all I can say. You might pull something epic here. Maybe. Maybe. No. Maybe not. A new rare, a new rare. Oh my. Oh, this is horrible. This is like the worst opening ever. All right. I am involved, so that probably had some effect on it. No, don't you like pulling same stuff like all the time? Yeah, sometimes, sometimes. Just a pair of servant 36 pack boxes. Yeah. Okay, oh, okay, okay. Here we go, final pack, let's go. Let's do this. I think I got, I think I got one in my pack.  Tie on. Dang it. Right leg of the first Vin one. Oh, probably don't. Why does this feel super thick for some reason? I don't know. So how, I don't know if you can see that.  They hate that. They hate it. We'll see. I got you guys. Now we can see the war. They're like, no, you ruined the suspense. I'm gonna laugh. It's a rare. It's gonna be a rare. Psych. Psych. Oh, sorry, comments. Can't complain about it. Put you on suspense mode for nothing. Okay, so I probably did win now because I got that last pull, but that was some pretty brutal pulls. I guess, well, we almost got a box ratio, but we had six more packs in box minus a super. Yeah. That's, yeah, that's not too good. Minus two supers. Yeah, cause we got a secret. Yeah, that's not too good, but at least we lost supers, not ultras, but yeah, so that was fun. Make sure you guys check out Vintage Yu-Yu's channel. It's pretty epic. And you guys will see this epic LA video in a week or two. We'll see. Maybe a month, I don't know. Let us know what you think we're doing down in LA. Just put your guesses in the comments so that'll be interesting to read. See you guys later. Thanks for watching. That's all I got. All right, peace. One missile hero, dark bright. Boom.


Greetings friends. This is Survival Dog. Today, I'm going to harvest my ginger plants. Here we have my ginger growing in this pot here. And as you can see, it has been bitten by the freezes that we've had the last couple of days. Here we are in mid-November in Zone 6, Missouri Ozarks. And we've already had a couple of nights where temperatures dropped below freeze and only down to about 31, 30 area. And so it killed my ginger plants. Now these plants, the ginger is supposed to mature in about 10 months. And it's been approximately 10 months since I planted these plants. And so I think it's time to harvest them. Now, if you notice, I have chicken wire here. And if I didn't have chicken wire or something, the plastic bird wire will work. If I didn't have the protection here, then I wouldn't have any ginger. Because when I first planted these, first thing that happened the first day, the squirrels were in there digging up my ginger roots. And by now, and I see them, I look out the window and watch them try to get in here from time to time. And I have no doubt that they would have already dug all this up. So this has protected my ginger. It probably would have been easier just to go ahead and cut the ginger before I did this. But I wanted to try and see what happened if I did this. And of course, the ginger is the root that we're using. This is what I started with, with ginger root. This is simply the fresh ginger root you buy at the grocery store. Now, I bought this at Whole Foods Market. I was careful to buy organic ginger. And I just took the ginger that I bought at the grocery store and I cut little pieces. If you notice here, it's a little shoot coming out. So what I would do here is I would just cut this right across here and that's what I would plant. If you notice ginger, a little bit like potatoes and it has these areas similar to the eyes of a potato. So when I'm cutting it up, I try to cut small pieces that have something on it that looks like an eye. And that's what I started with and I planted those about 10 months ago. So let's take a look and see what we've got here. Of course, this is a root. I don't want to damage the root. So I want to be careful digging it up to bring up the root. Okay, here's what I have here. Alright, these are brand new sheets right here. These are small. I think what I'll do is I'll actually put these aside to plant back in the earth. Alright, here's my ginger root. It's kind of small, but much larger.  It looks like it could do a little bit more growing. You need to plant ginger to give it enough time to have a full 10 months in the ground. Let me see if I can find a bigger piece here. Okay, now that's what I'm talking about there. Got some nice pieces of ginger here. Ginger root is a great culinary herb. It has many uses. One notable use is for nausea, stomach problems. Herbalists consider ginger a warm herb. It's a heating herb. It helps your digestive process. In Chinese herbal medicine, digestion is considered like a furnace where you're burning your food, so to speak, for energy. Warming herbs help the fire of digestion. People commonly use ginger root for things like nausea. You can just cut a small piece, about a little half inch piece off of ginger, and put it in a cup, pour boiling water over it. Let it steep for about 10 minutes and you have a nice ginger tea, which is very pleasant. It's good for digestion and it's also good for nausea. It's good for motion sickness, very commonly used for motion sickness. Ginger is also a preservative herb. You can take ginger and you can dry it, powder it, use it fresh, and use it when you're preserving meats. Say if you're making a jerky or you're drying meat to preserve it, smoking meat, a lot of herbs you can use to help preserve the meat. Ginger is a nice herb to add to your spices that you use to preserve your meat. Medicinal uses, culinary uses, and it's just plain delicious. It's easy to grow. You too can grow your own ginger. Buy the ginger root from the store, cut off pieces, plant them in the soil, protect them from the squirrels. Remember, it's going to take 10 months for the ginger plant to mature, so you have to give it time. This shows you what I planted macro here. You can see this piece right here is the ginger that I cut and planted in the soil. From here, we've got these right here, and this is very, very young immature plant. Right here is another one. This right here is a little piece of ginger that I planted, and it grew out from right here and grew this plant from that one piece. This is Survival Doc reminding you to be prepared or be prepared to be fleeced.


Thanks for checking out this episode of should you watch and this is should you watch murder on the Orient Express? Short answer to that right up front in case people don't want to go through all the reasons If you really had a desire to see this film go ahead and see it once Don't see it in the theater though. You can wait until it's on a movie channel or Netflix or if you want to get a Blu-ray or whatever wait for it because It's good, but not good enough to spend what ten dollars plus at the theater So some positives about the film the base story is a very good base story It's been around for a long time. It's very beloved kind of murder mystery story from Agatha Christie Who originally wrote the novel for it in? 1934 I believe is when it was published So there's nothing wrong with the actual story because it's been around for a long time. Everybody knows it's very highly respected So the base material is good Also, I think that Michael Green the person who ended up adapting the the book for the screenplay I think he did a pretty solid job in that But then again, I actually have not read the book before so I guess I can't say that it's like amazing It came off as as being Coherently written for a script and the dialogue was decent and so Michael Green I think did a good job Michael Green by the way has written a lot of stuff He wrote the screenplay screenplay and I think the story for like Alien Covenant, which I actually haven't seen I actually heard that's not all that great, but he's done some other stuff I think he did like the screenplay for Green Lantern screenplay for There was something else that was kind of big big ish recently that he did but I know he did some for a few episodes of Damn it now I'm forgetting because I looked it up, but Trust me look about Michael Green. He's he has a long list of work that he's done with with writing. So good for him So yeah, I think the script was decent the Actors there are a lot of good actors who they brought in for it and probably my favorite of Who pulled off their roles? Michelle Pfeiffer did quite a good job Daisy Ridley who a lot of people know from Star Wars Force Awakens She did a really good job and Kenneth Branagh who actually also directed this film. He played Hercule Perot the world famous detective in the film and the titular character Not titular character the main character titular character of means in the title, but Kenneth Branagh did a good job in the beginning of the film. I think He came off as overacting a little bit, but as the film went on I felt like he kind of settled down and You know was all was even keel with the acting. He wasn't like too crazy with it By the way, I'm sorry the the light the natural light outside keeps going up and down must be clouds So sorry for that. But anyway, so he Yeah, he did a he did a good job Like I said, I wasn't really feeling him in the beginning. Then he got better at the end So it was good But now for the negatives of the film Oh the one other positive real quick the costuming the costuming was really well done and the set pieces were very good It was very appropriate for its time. It looked good The negatives there was some overacting there was actually a lot of overacting a lot of the characters overacted pretty much almost all of them Except for the three that I that I said is being particularly good There were a few who were I'm sorry something caught my attention outside a Few of them were were like in the middle like did a decent job But some people overact overacted like crazy worst of which was Johnny Depp Johnny Depp's character the way he played that was way over the top Not good at all. I've seen him do that with some other roles recently too. I don't know what's going on but but with since there were so many actors who Were overacting throughout the film I'm wondering if it was their choices or if it was a directorial choice Because like I said Kenneth Branagh was overacting in the beginning of the film and he was a director So he may have kind of asked for that which if that's the case I don't really understand why you would do that. It's kind of weird, but That was one of my main issues was that overacting the other thing is there were some really bad directorial choices with the camera shots Cinema cinematically it looked good but there were a bunch of camera shot choices that just seemed odd to me and It just seemed kind of like oh, let's do something different And so they do something different and they do it in a part of the film where you're trying to like really pay attention and Then whatever camera angle or special shot they use it actually takes your attention away from what's happening because you're just like Oh, that's weird. That's odd. Why are you doing that? Two prime examples that they had one moment where they were looking in like train cars So they shot it from above looking down So all you see is the tops of people's heads pretty much and it's like following them around So like a few of the train cars as they talk That's fine to do like kind of like a quick shot But it was like for a solid like minute and a half two minutes or something and it was just really Distracting and it's just like I can't see much of anything I want to see the people talking to each other so you can see expression You know not just looking down because there wasn't anything all that important that you needed to see it from top down So it just seemed like a weird choice. It took me out of the film I wasn't able to really pay attention what was going on because I was just like this is weird the other one that was really bad was when Hercule pro first gets on to the orient express train and he's walking through all the train cars And you're seeing like some of the other characters as he passes him But it's all done from outside of the train. So you're just seeing him through the windows Well, there are large swaths of metal in between windows and you can't see anything there so you keep having your view obstructed as it's following poor oh and It gets hard to watch fast Because you your eyes like you focus for a second on seeing him walking through it And then you're you're like unfocused because it's a piece of metal obstructing him so you can't see so it's just like this constant like Like do this to yourself and see if you don't feel dizzy eventually It was a terrible idea Terrible shot idea you can do it very quickly like maybe he goes through one car and you do it that way but he went through several cars and it was like that and he's just totally distracting nauseating not good So that was I mean those were kind of the things But would I say that this is a bad movie? No, it's not a bad movie. It's decent. I Mean like I enjoyed it enough mainly because the story was good there was a some good acting in it and The screenplay was written pretty well from what I could tell so I would recommend it for people who really wanted to see it now If you want to see it just because you want the story I would say don't spend your time doing that if you're also a person who's cool with reading Just go get the agatha Christie book murder on the Orient Express and read that because I guarantee the story He's gonna be a lot better that way So I know it's gonna be a lot more of a time commitment But if you're really looking for the story it is a good story So go ahead and check it out that way. Anyway, this is going kind of long So I want to cut it off there, but in the end I guess I can give it like a star rating out of five stars I think I would give it a It's a three. It's a three and I was thinking two and a half because I'm like about it, but Now I'd give it three because it has just enough to knock it over halfway With the with the good acting and and the set pieces and the costuming being really good And and the base material in the screenplay were solid. So Say three stars three stars out of five. Anyway, if you like this, let me know if you didn't like it Also, let me know you can send me an email brutal battle podcast at gmail.com. I'll do more of these Hopefully I'll do more of these should you watch I had done some should you read which were comic book ones But I haven't followed up on that but mainly because they weren't getting a whole lot of hits. So You know check those out and if the hits on them go up then maybe I'll Do some more but this might be more popular. Anyway, thank you everyone for checking this out and until next time keep it brutal


Activity for teaching future tenses in the ESL classroom, ongoing action at a point in the future. Another way we use the future continuous, is to talk about what we will be doing at some point in the future, such as this time next week I'll be sitting on a beach. We can use future continuous to talk about arrangements, when we want to give some kind of reminder or warning, such as I'll be leaving for work at 8 o'clock if you want me to give you a lift. We can also use it to make excuses if we don't want to do something, such as go out on a date that someone you don't like has invited you on. There's a classic TEFL game called the date from hell, which can be used to practice this. Half the students in the class are given a page representing a diary, and they mingle speaking to each other trying to make dates with other people in the room. The aim is for respondents to create amusing reasons for not going on a date, and the students asking the question make a note of them, to report back at the end of the activity. Examples are Sue can't go to the cinema with me on Saturday, because she'll be washing her hair, and Mark can't go bowling with me on Sunday, because he'll be tidying his room. And click on any of the videos here on the left for more interesting teaching tips for getting certified to teach English abroad and online.


Causative verbs Certain verbs can be used to express a causal relationship between the subject and object in a sentence. Some of them require a two, while others do not. Note the following patterns. With two Subject plus verb plus object plus two verb, object I allowed Jim to clean up the mess. I asked Jim to clean up the mess. I told Jim to clean up the mess. I persuaded Jim to clean up the mess. Other verbs which use this pattern are require, command, force, remind, and urge. The verb help can be used with or without, too. Help Jim clean up the mess. Without, too. Subject plus verb plus object plus verb, object I let Jim clean up the mess. I had Jim clean up the mess. I made Jim clean up the mess. Some verbs use the pattern subject plus verb, that, subject plus verb. The second verb is in the base form. I insisted that Laura do her homework. I suggested that Laura do her homework. I recommended that Laura do her homework. Other verbs which can be used with this pattern are ask, require, and demand. The most common error with causatives is using to unnecessarily.


This is my wolf Rio Go check out that bark and Rio that pink piece of tape on that tree there marks our properly line and There is Rio. He really wants to Go over there and see that dog neighbor's dog that's over there barking cuz he knows that Rio's over here and Rio's only lived here for two days now, so But I've showed Rio where our property line is and look at him. There's there's a tree right there I took him there and I showed him my property line and he is Not going past that tree Now of course Rio is a free-range dog. He runs through here as all the dogs in this neighborhood on this dead-end gravel road here in rural Missouri Ozarks So he's a free-range dog and he'll eventually get over there I'm sure it meet that dog, but but just a little while ago.   He's only been here for a couple of days


The landscape pictured here is part of the rolling countryside of Wisconsin and the procession advancing so steadily across the hills is engaged in a most unusual operation. In fact, the operation is making communications history. It is one involving plowing and planting as is appropriate in a land of pleasant farms. But the plow behind the 95 worst power tractors is far different from those that usually break the soil of farm lands. This plow makes a slit in the earth deeper than ever before attempted with equipment of this kind of full 30 inches and often deeper. And the opening immediately becomes the resting place of a telephone cable that unwinds from its sturdy reel as the procession moves ahead. The history making aspect of the event is this, that the sections of cable here being buried are part of a newly developed system of transmitting human speech. It is called a coaxial cable and this installation partly underground and partly overhead for 200 miles across the friendly Wisconsin countryside is the first of its kind in America to form a part of the country's long distance network. The whole episode is an example of scientific research and engineering teaming up in this modern day to meet a communication need. The engineering aspects of the story are explained by the map of long distance lines serving the Northwest. A network of telephone cables has been growing with every year so that important long distance channels might have extra protection from the hazards of wind and sleet. More of these cable circuits to the Northwest was the demand on the engineers. And in this new coaxial cable system, science has provided the needed circuits in a most astonishing manner. It's a very different cable from the usual lead covered collection of separate wires. There are separate wires but those for long distance conversations are to serve intermediate points along the route and the others are needed for the maintenance of the coaxial system. The distinctive feature of this cable is the use of coaxial conductors which the splicer is here showing the photographer. Before looking at them more closely, let us note the expert skill required to join two sections of cable together. The use consists of a tube. The coaxial simply means that the tube and its inner conductor have the same axis. The tube is only as large as a lead pencil, many times smaller than a long distance cable with hundreds of wires. Yet it will transmit just about as many telephone messages. To be specific, two of these coaxials, one for each direction of transmission, will permit as many as 480 telephone conversations simultaneously. In other words, these conductors will do the work of a full-sized tool cable with hundreds of copper wires and that's certainly saving a lot of copper. On the screen before you is shown the electrical apparatus that makes possible this multitude of non-interfering spoken messages. This apparatus is the result of discoveries and inventions during a period of nearly three decades in the development of what the telephone scientists call carrier current systems. It is a fascinating complicated electrical creation, utilizing vacuum tubes, quartz crystal filters, copper oxide modulators, transformers and other components of today's communications art. This is the complex apparatus installed at each terminal of the cable. Its operation is too technical to describe here in detail. Its function, however, can be suggested by means of a simple illustration. Imagine a system of male shoots that converge at a common outlet where individual written messages are delivered to a conveyor that then takes them to a distant point for sorting and distribution. Somewhat comparable to such a system is the coaxial telephone system. It transmits electrical waves representing spoken messages by combining them into a composite wave which is conducted to a distant terminal for an electrical sorting and distribution. This astonishing application of modern communication science is made possible through the magical art of amplification. On a transcontinental voice journey, for example, the voice current is amplified on the average about every hundred miles so that our speech reaches far distant telephones clear and distinct. Since there are separate amplifiers for each wire circuit and since there are often hundreds of these wire circuits on a single route, it is necessary to have special buildings known as repeater stations in which to house the amplifying equipment. But the new coaxial system does not involve separate wires as voice channels. Instead of wires, it uses carrier waves and so the telephone scientists had the problem of perfecting a device that would amplify a composite wave made up of 480 voice currents. And here's one of the structures containing the answer to the problem. It shelters the most amazing amplifying apparatus ever designed or manufactured. There's a 6-tube amplifier associated with each coaxial conductor. It amplifies the energy some 20,000 times. Moreover, this amplification is needed every five miles. And yet, the composite voice wave transmitted by the conductor is accurately preserved in every characteristic. And the 480 individual waves, which traveled as one, will properly reach telephone receivers to be again converted into speech. In fact, it is the perfection of the amplifier that makes the coaxial system such an outstanding communications achievement. The performance of the amplifier seems all the more amazing when we examine the amplifying tube in detail. And note the delicate elements that must be assembled with such scientific precision in order to work their magic. Unusual skill and pains taking care are required in its assembly. The filament, for example, is finer than a human hair. Even a microscope must be used to be sure that there will be no flaw in this masterpiece of electronics. Thus, to the arts of research and engineering, must be added that of the precision manufacturer as we explore the details of the coaxial cable system. And there is still another art, that of making the cable itself. Many unique mechanical processes are involved. First comes the stamping of the insulating discs that will separate the inner and outer conductors of the cable. Over 65 millions of these discs are required for the 200 miles of cable that this motion picture describes. And here are the ingenious machines that form the coaxial conductor itself. The first step is to attach the insulating discs to the wire that will become the inner conductor of the coaxial tube. Perfect mechanical timing results in perfect spacing, as these pictures show, and prepares the wire for the operation that makes it part of a coaxial conductor, an operation that transforms a copper tape into a tube to surround the inner wire. A wrapping of steel tape around the tube is the next process in this cable making technique. And then comes one of the many electrical tests that ensure a proper functioning of the cable when in operation. An important part in the manufacturing routine is played by the machine that twists four coaxial tubes into one unit, while at the same time adding some of the additional wires that have already been mentioned. When this combination of tubes and wires has been given a wrapping of paper, more wires are added for other uses. And then another paper wrapping is applied. More tests must be made before the cable is ready for its sheathing of lead. After protective coverings are added to this leadened sheath, a final test shows no defects that will prevent the cable's electrical performance, and it is ready for its task. So it is that many arts and many skills have given telephone men a new circuit structure and a new technique in making this structure an agency of service. These full herds will graze again where the cable caravan crossed the landscape. Over the plows' deep path, the winter snow will drift, or ripening grain will bend to the fragrant wind that cools this northwest land of lakes and farms. But underneath, 30 inches down in the rich sustaining soil will be channels for the speeding words of men. Truly the good earth, when the words are a friendship and a peace.


Okay, so now we're going to be entering the month in type of bills that we're going to pay at the end of the month, but this time instead of using a check form, we're going to use the bill form. So let's recap the process on like our flow charts. We're in the like the vendor cycle up here in the vendor cycle at the end of the process. At the end of the cycle, we expect cash to be going down in some way, shape or form. Now the easiest way to do that, and many small businesses will do it the easy way is that we can just use electronic transfers, for example, to pay bills automatically, possibly the phone bill, the utility bill and whatnot, in which case we're using a check form or an expense type of form, a form that's going to be decreasing the checking account. And we might set up say bank feeds in order to automate that process. That's one of the easiest things to automate. And so that if that's the system we have, that is great. Another system we might be using, which is one that's not dependent on the bank, but is still like a cash based system, is that we just write the check. So if we write and send the check, then we want to enter the check into the system when we write it, not wait for it to clear the bank, because we have that outstanding check kind of thing happening. We want to be able to see if there's a question whether or not we wrote the check, and then whether or not it cleared the bank with a wire transfer, an electronic transfer. That's not so much of a problem most of the time, because the transfers happening very quickly within a few days, if not shorter than that. And therefore you don't have that outstanding kind of problem. And therefore the bank feeds are often nice to use. Now notice that you also might have a system where you're using a credit card, same kind of thing, big feed setup, possibly use the credit card, and then you're paying some of your major expenses automatically with the credit card. You can use the bank feed to enter those with a credit card thing, which will increase the credit card liability as opposed to decreasing the checking account. Then the other option we have is to enter the bills as a bill, increase in the accounts payable, and then paying the bill. First thing we want to note is that the bill form is very specific, and this is where it's a little bit different. The terminology in the system, QuickBooks versus normal talking terminology differs even from accounting to the software. In accounting terminology, if I was talking about a bill, I might be talking about me billing somebody else, a customer. I might be talking about me receiving a bill that I'm simply going to pay off with a check. If there's a bill form in QuickBooks, that specifically means I'm going to enter something that's going to increase accounts payable. So in other words, I might get a bill from the telephone company, and the bill might say invoice on it, because from the telephone company side of things, they sent us an invoice. But to us, you know, we might use the term of bill, but you can use those terms kind of interchangeably. And then I might take that bill and not enter it as a bill into QuickBooks, but pay the bill with a check or expense form. Or I can take the bill or invoice and enter it as a bill form into the system, which specifically means accounts payable is going to go up. Now, most of the time people use this bills more as the business gets larger, because it becomes more and more important to have a more strict time value of money kind of system set up. In other words, if you pay the utility bill today, or you pay it 15 days from now, not a big deal. But if the utility bill was a lot of money, thousands of dollars, and or if you had thousands of transactions happening all the time, then that 15 days becomes a big deal for cash management strategy. And that's often when you you start to manage companies start to need to manage their accounts payable more indefinitely and have a whole accounts payable department managing the entering of the bill and deciding the latest point that they can pay the bills without being penalized and without pissing off the vendors, because you don't want to make the business partners that people you're doing business mad. So, but that's what we're going to do. We're going to enter the bills now in a similar fashion as we did last time. Just to show the process will enter the bills increasing the accounts payable. The other side go into an expense account typically, and then we'll simply pay the bills, which is kind of like using a check form or an expense form. But we can pay the bills all at one time with the pay bill form. That said, let's do it.


It's not a phone call that any parent should get. I was in so much shock. I just could not breathe completely numb On the 16th of May 2009 We had a serious traffic accident. The incident involved a group of young people Haley was a beautiful person inside and out. Haley always seemed to be the person that if you needed help She was always there for you. She was always there for her friends She believed in doing the right thing in standing up for what you believe in and who you are They'd organised a lift through another friend to be picked up to be taken out He pulled up in the car at the front and they all hopped in the car He had told the group that he was right to drive. He had severely Underestimated how much alcohol he had in his body. He was a young male adolescent, minimal driving experience He with intent started to swerve along the road There were people in the car that were saying to him to stop what he was doing He was speeding. He had the music up. They were screaming for their lives to get out of the car They were scared with his behavior and a wheel popped off the vehicle And he lost control of the car and collided with an oncoming car And unfortunately an innocent person seated in the back of the car was the one to lose her life And the rest of the occupants escaped the crash relatively unscathed Haley was laying on the side of the road with a sheet over her And I've stayed with her until emergency services came Haley's story here is so important and relevant to young people You have a person within the adolescent age group who has lost her life You have a group of people within that same age group who have been affected and certainly the families When we look at how it applies to the fatal five, we saw speeding, alcohol and seat belts We see risk-taking behavior by young people in terms of the behavior of the driver But also the people who got into the car who probably under peer pressure could have said no But didn't and certainly the time of night where a young person is more likely to be involved in an incident As a first responder going to those jobs, it is terribly hard It's the one thing that you dread and you're delivering that news to someone else And you know that that news is going to forever change that family My family still struggle. We all struggle It's going to be something that will it'll never go away If you hop in the car taking drugs or drink driving, there's a big possibility you're going to kill someone Think about what you're doing because that next step that you take will change your life and someone's life forever


I absolutely love working in our making plots and sharing it with you here on YouTube. Every now and then I get a comment for the videos. For a video that I made a little while back about putting stars and bars to indicate significance on plots, I got a really good question that really got me excited so much so that I'm gonna make an episode about it today. Hey, folks, I'm Pat Schloss and this is Code Club. As I was saying a little while back, I made an episode about how to put stars and bars over strip charts or any type of plot to indicate what comparisons were significant and which comparisons weren't significant. I'll go ahead and put a link to that up at the top here. Christine Schneider, I don't know, but thank you very much for commenting, asked, hey, Pat, thanks for the grade video. I tried it and it worked very well. Wonderful. Can you maybe explain how this works with the function facet grid? I want to add one line for all the grids. I assume that she wants to put different lines to indicate different groupings and which comparisons were significant for those different groupings. And I thought that's a really cool question and why not make an episode about it? Because not only would this idea apply for stars and bars, but perhaps also for different texts that you might want to put in each of the four panels. And so as we've been going through here, I've been trying to kind of rebuild a figure from a previous paper that my lab published. And so I don't have something ready immediately for that, but I thought what we could do is make strip charts, four strip charts or three strip charts, one for the inverse Simpson, which was what we've been working on, and one for the observed number of OTUs or the richness, and maybe one for the Shannon diversity. And so that could give us a grid or a faceted set of plots. So we'll go through that. And then I can show you how we would go about placing those lines and stars or NSs for those different comparisons. Before we get going here in our studio with our code, I want to remind you that you can get this code at a link down below in the description. Also up above here, I'll have a link for instructions on how to get everything set up. Also, if you're really excited about learning R and find that maybe this is a little bit beyond where you're at, know that I do teach workshops throughout the year on how to use R. Those are live. I also have the materials that I teach from that are always up. If you go to the riffamonas.com website, and that again will be linked down below in the description. Anyway, this is more or less where we were for that episode where we were putting the stars and the bars on the plot. We're loading up our libraries, setting the seeds so the jitter of our strip chart stays the same from run to run, loading our metadata, loading the alpha diversity, joining those data frames together, just defining some color variables here, and then getting various counts that we were putting in the labels for the different diagnosis groups. We went ahead and did our Kruskal-Wallis test because the data were not normally distributed. And so the Kruskal-Wallis test allowed us to do a non-parametric test. I've gone ahead and replicated that. We did this initially for inverse Simpson by replicated for SOBS, which is the observed number of O2Us as well as for Shannon. And what we find is that the same comparisons hold. Let me go ahead and rerun this so you can see what it looked like. Again, this is the figure that we generated strip charts for the three different disease status groups for the inverse Simpson index. I had a line and a start indicate that the healthy group was significantly different from both of the diarrhea groups, regardless of if someone was C-diff negative or positive. And then also a line with an NS to indicate that the comparison between the diarrhea groups were not significantly different. What we'd like to do is to use something like facet grid or facet wrap to have different panels for perhaps the three different alpha diversity measures that I have in our data set. Let's go ahead and see if we can do that. Again, the comparisons are all the same as outputs from those pairwise tests. So I'm not gonna go into how we could rerun the tests, but know that it is in the code that I'm starting with. Again, you can get at the link down below. The first thing that I need to do is to facet my data. And to do that, I need to take my data frame and make it longer, pivot longer so that I'm gathering together the different alpha diversity metrics that I'm interested in looking at. For now, I'm gonna go ahead and get rid of the strip chart variable and open up some space here so we can work with some dplyr commands. So again, metadata alpha, if we look at that down below, is our data frame with all of our metadata as well as at the bottom here, we can see SOBS, Shannon, some lower and higher confidence intervals as well as inverse Simpson. So I'm gonna simplify things a bit and just get the columns that I want. So I'll do the disease stat and then SOBS, Shannon and inverse Simpson. Run that, we've got our more condensed data frame. Next, I'm gonna pivot longer and I'm gonna do minus disease stat because I wanna pivot longer all the columns except for disease stat and the names are going to go to, and I'll say metric. So I'll have a column of SOBS, Shannon, inverse Simpson and the values will go to, and then I'll say values, okay? Look at that and now we do have our disease statuses, our metrics and the values. And then again, each row or each combination of disease status and metric represents a different individual. We can then pipe this into ggplot and so my x is gonna be disease status, so I'll have the three disease statuses across the x-axis and then my y is going to be the values column, not the inverse Simpson. And then my fill is gonna be with disease status and what I'm gonna add then is facet wrap. And again, this should work if you're using facet wrap or facet grid and for facet wrap, I'm gonna do the tilde and then what I want are the metric column and let's go ahead and run to this point and we can see that we now have three columns or three facets for our three different groups. I would prefer to put this as three rows because I wanna have disease status across the bottom and then my three groups or three metrics across the top. So I can do n row equals three. So again, you now see I've got these three groups. So I wanna do a couple, before we get to those bars, I wanna do a few things to make this look a little bit nicer. And I'm looking at three different metrics and you can see that the y-axis are the same for all three metrics. I would like to free that up so that the inverse Simpson has its own y-axis, Shannon and Sobs have their own y-axis. To do that, I can do scale equals free underscore y and that you can think of that as freeing up the y-axis to vary by the data in that data frame or in that panel. Great, now we have our three different metrics as well as more customized y-axis labels. I'll go ahead and add my labels and my scale x discrete and then my scale y continuous, I'm gonna make go from zero to NA. The zero to NA will make sure that the bottom is zero and that it will scale up to whatever I need it to be. So let's go ahead and make the height, let's make it nine. Great, so we now have more space for our three panels. You'll notice I have inverse Simpson index on the y-axis label here. I wanna probably turn that to null. And what I'd like to do then is to put these labels on the y-axis. We can do that by coming back up here and again our y, we can make null. In my facet wrap, I can do strip.position equals left and that will take the strip from the top and hopefully put it on the left. So that did move my labels to the left. The problem is that's on the inside, I'd rather it be on the outside. I can add a theme, add to my theme down here. I can do strip.placement equals quote outside and that should put the label on the outside. To remove that border, I can do strip.background equals element wrecked and I think I can say color equals NA and voila, I now have access labels. I'd like to make these labels look a little bit nicer and so where that label is coming from is the value in my metric column. So let's come back after pivot longer and we'll do a mutate on metric and say that equals recode and we can use the recode to recode the metric column so that subs equals observed richness and we'll do Shannon equals Shannon diversity and then in the Simpson, we'll do as inverse Simpson and let's include that in our pipeline and there we go. We've got our three labels. I'd maybe like to put the observed richness first. So observed richness, inverse Simpson and then Shannon diversity. I can use the factor function and we can do metric. We're gonna mutate that factor metric and the levels will be in order that I want them. So I'll do observed richness and then we'll do, let's do inverse Simpson and we'll also do Shannon diversity of course. Great, so now we have our observed richness at top, inverse Simpson and then Shannon diversity we're in good shape and now we're ready to think about putting those lines on. Now in the previous episode, what we did, you can see down here, I've got this commented out for our current episode. Let me uncomment that now. How that we had to find this previous plot as a strip chart and then we added the lines as well as the text. So I'm gonna come back up here and save this as strip chart and then load this as the strip chart object now. And so now I can add to it my different lines. Now, if I run this line, this code, let's see what happens. What's happening is that we coded in the X and Y axis for the inverse Simpson. And so the line and the star still looks good for inverse Simpson, but it's applying the same lines and stars and NSes for the two other variables and putting it at the same spot. And so this is what we want to be able to modify is to change where that line and the star and NS go for the three different variables. How do we do that? Well, that's why we're here. That's the point of this episode. So I'm gonna start this by creating a table that I'll call lines and we'll define that as table. So this data frame is gonna have, I believe we're gonna have five columns. I'm gonna do this slightly differently instead of using geome line like I did here, I'm gonna use geome segment actually. And I think that'll make it a little bit easier. And again, it'll show us a different way to do it. We can then say metric, which is going to be the name of our metric. And so we'll have observed richness. And because I'm gonna have two lines, I'm gonna repeat this twice and I'm realizing I observed, observed, what is that word? Observed richness, observed richness. And then Shannon diversity. And then we'll do inverse Simpson. Then we're gonna need an X and an X and and we're gonna need a Y and A Y and variables. So each of these is gonna take a vector of values. And let's see how we can go about doing this the easiest way. So these geom lines are the lines that we drew for the inverse Simpson. And so two and three is the X and end position. So two, three. And then we would also have one and 2.5. And that's again for inverse Simpson, but for now I'm gonna copy that to see that we get the right answer, to see what that we got before. I'm changing things again from geom line to geom segment. And so I just wanna make sure that it works right. And if that works, then we can then modify these for the two other panels. So for the Y, we need 23 and 33 alternating because we have the first line and then the second line. And we're gonna repeat that three times. And then the Y end will be the same as the Y. I guess I could have said Y equals Y end. You know, why don't I go ahead and do that? All right, so this is our lines tibble. And if I look at lines, and now see that I've got my metric, my X, my X and my Y, my Y end. And again, those are the values that we came up with for inverse Simpson. I think that should work just fine to get us started and then we can go back and tweak things. So again, I'm gonna go ahead and comment out this geom text and again, I'm gonna replace that geom line with geom segment. And we will then say data equals lines.  I guess perhaps we didn't even need the Y end, we could just say Y end equals Y, whatever. And then we'll go ahead and say, we'll also add inherit dot AES equals false. I think this should work. So let's give us a shot and see what happens. So it's saying object disease that not found ignoring unknown aesthetic inherit dot AES. So I think the problem is that I put inherit AES inside of my aesthetic. And so I'll put that out here. I don't need that extra comma. Let's give us another shot. Great, so these lines are in the right place. I mean, they're in the same place that I had them before, right? Where I have that line, that line for inverse Simpson matches what I had before. And again, we're getting the same values for these two other panels, because that's where I told them to put it. So now we need to go about modifying where we're putting things so that we have a more appropriate looking set of lines. So let's start with the observed richness, which I will put this line, let's see. Let's put it, let's start at like 175 and 125. So again, we need to make sure that we're lining up where we want our, what rows? So I said 175 and 125, and I think I've got them flipped. So let's do 125 and 175, and that looks pretty good. I think that 175 could maybe be like, I don't know, 190. And now we need to do the Shannon diversity and get those lines back down. And so that will be the second one. And let's try for five and eight, we're getting there. I think that looks great now. We have our lines customized to the different diversity metrics. Let's repeat the process with a variable that we'll call stars, right? And it's basically gonna be the same thing. So I will copy this down. And again, we don't need the X end or Y end because we're gonna include this with GM point. We still need two values of observed richness, Shannon and inverse Simpson. We'll also need a label vector. And the label is gonna go n.s star and repeat that. Now I need to modify my X values. And what I can see from my GM text that I had here I already have the values for inverse Simpson. So that's the third row down here. So I'll do 2.5 and 1.75 and the Y position then 24.5 and 33.25. And actually, you know what? I'll copy this X position because it'll be the same for all three metrics. And then I can bump up a little bit. Maybe I'll make that 128, 193, 4.2, 4.7. And so that'll bump the label up a little bit from the actual line. And so that's our stars. All right, so now we wanna add our GM text and we will do data equals stars and AES X equals X, Y equals Y label equals label. And we'll wanna also be sure to include inherit.AES equals false. And so that looks pretty nice. We have our star and our ns values. The ns for our observed richness is a little low. So let's go ahead and bump that up. Let's do 140, let's do 135. I think that looks pretty good. One thing you noticed is that the ordering switched here. So let's go ahead and do factor. Make that metric a factor. And we will then add levels and define the order we want. And so I'll copy and paste these in in the order I'd want them in. And then inverse Simpson and then Shannon diversity. Right, and then the final thing there. And I'll put in some line break so it doesn't get all scrolly. And I'm gonna, I forgot a comma there. And I'm gonna copy this metric factor setting back down here to my stars as well. Give this a run and I should get the order I want. We see now that we have our three metrics. We have the placement of our bars and stars and ns values customized to the three different diversity metrics that we're working with. The reason this worked is that again, I'm faceting on the metric variable and I could then create data frames, lines and stars that include a column metric. And that way then when it facets the data, it takes the lines from each metric, each of the three metrics and those X and Y values or X and Y end, and then uses that to insert the line using GM segment. In this case, we could have also done GM line slightly different way, as well as the label with GM text. And so we can think of it as it's also faceting this lines table, not just the metadata alpha table, right? So we're faceting the lines table as well as the stars table. I think this was pretty cool and that Christine asked the question and I see also that John Yana also said, I'd like to know this too, was pretty awesome. So thank you both for asking this wonderful question. I hope you all got something out of it. There's more here obviously than how do you draw the line? How do you draw the star? But getting into faceting, which we've talked about in previous episodes, but not with the lines and stars obviously. So how do you facet? How do you get your data frame even into position to facet? How do you make a data frame a table from scratch? And then again, what's happening with the faceting? And it's pretty powerful I think that that facet wrap or even facet grid will allow you to facet multiple data frames as you're adding more data to the visual. If you have questions like Christine did by all means, holler, let me know. I'm very happy to pump the brakes on my progression with these episodes and to stop and kind of see like, how would we go about doing with the people what you all are interested in learning about? So thank you very much for that question. And I hope this helps you with the figure that you're making for your papers and is also helping you to learn a little bit more about R and seeing the power of using ggplot. It warms my heart to know that people are using the code to follow along and then taking that code and adapting it to their own problems and trying to make their papers and the figures for their presentations all the better. That just makes me so happy and makes me feel like this is definitely worth producing these videos. So thank you very much. Please tell your friends about these Code Club episodes. Make sure that you're subscribed so you know when the next episode drops and we'll see you next time.