So Nintendo really really really wants us to watch the game awards 2017 tomorrow They have tweeted out a tweet the at Nintendo America Twitter account They actually treated this out a couple days ago But it kind of fell through the grapevine for me just because I had some other more pressing matters to deal with But it says clear your calendar for Thursday night at the game awards are live December 7th at 5 30 Pacific for those who don't know that's tomorrow That's right. We've been waiting for this for a few weeks and now tomorrow the game awards is happening And we actually did a betting special on our most recent episode of the podcast But you could check out in the top right corner of this video Now the reason that this tweet matters is because Nintendo has a history at the game awards a Storyed history. Well, I guess a story history of this version of the game awards as Rambai and hosted by Jeff Keely has been in session for three years This be in the fourth and Nintendo at every single one of these game awards has done something special Now if you are a Nintendo fan that's followed them at these events, you would know this but Nintendo Doesn't traditionally promote things unless they have something big happening now the big thing happening could just be that one of their games Be it breath of the wild and or Odyssey are winning game of the year It could be that one or both of those games are going to win several awards So Nintendo wants you to tune in because they're going to dominate this bad boy In fact, Nintendo games are up for something like 13 different awards Which is almost half of the awards at the game awards So Nintendo is really really sitting pretty to walk away with at least one if not a dozen awards possibly however, I Feel like this tease is for something more you see in the past Nintendo has done the following at 2014 They gave us the very first gameplay look so the very first game awards ever They gave us the first gameplay of what later became known as breath of the wild At the game awards 2015 It wasn't so much that Nintendo showed off anything big But there was an entire segment dedicated to honoring Satoru Iwata both Jeff Keely and Reggie Fizemei spoke out about it and It's arguably the most important part of the Entire game awards in 2015 at least if you're a Nintendo fan and there's a lot of great moments that happen You saw, you know great games like Uncharted 4 if you send had a trailer or you saw things like Greg Miller's speech about honoring all the names that are in the credits that don't get you know public recognition for their work on video games and It's just a great great moment, but again two years in a row Nintendo doing something major at the game awards Then we get to the game awards 2016 They brought Bill Trinan on stage to show off more footage trailers and gameplay of breath of the wild which had yet to be released and as we all know has released this year now You might be wondering well How can Nintendo have more big things to show after all of the three years two of the big things They showed off were from the same game I hear you and the other year didn't even show off a game per se or at least a big game But rather just had a heartwarming moment for Iwata, but here's the thing Nintendo is coming off of one of their most successful platform launches of all time coming off their first holiday sales season of all time for that really really successful platform and Nintendo obviously has two particular games in Super Mario Odyssey and Zelda Breath of the Wild up for several awards Now is the time now is the time if any other time in the game awards Was the time for Nintendo to show something off now is it we just had Xenoblade Chronicles 2 release and for all of the problems it may have with Whether it's resolution frame rate or any other issues people are encountering with the game it is still the last major game releasing on switch for this year and What Kirby and Yoshi are enticing titles Titles that some people are going to you know really really want to get their hands on they don't exactly move the needle of hype For the future of the platform in 2018 and yes Metroid Prime 4 has been announced Yes, Pokemon switch has been announced, but we haven't seen anything from those games. So here we are at the game awards 2017 Nintendo advertising the game awards 2017 either because they're gonna win awards or because they're gonna win awards and show something off and If I had to wager Nintendo's got something major up its sleeve. I don't know. Maybe this is where Metroid Prime 4 gets unveiled Maybe we see Pokemon switch. Maybe we finally get the the Debut of whatever the heck retro studios has been working on and hiring for over the past three years I don't know But what I do know is that in all three prior game awards Beyond the awards that Nintendo had had won at these events Nintendo had a major thing happen in each award outside of the Nintendo had a major thing happen in each game awards ceremony beyond the awards themselves So what's in store this year? I don't know you don't know none of us know What I can tell you is that we will be live streaming and live reacting to the game awards tomorrow And let me tell you folks. I can't wait Anyways, I am Nathaniel Ruffalo Jantz from Nintendo Prime and if you like this video You know what to do and if you dislike the video hit that dislike button Subscribe for more Content and I will catch you in the next one


So we can give ourselves an opportunity to beat big, you know, good teams like this. Yeah, you know, just games like this.  So, you know, I feel like for us to be able to do those things, it constantly gives us confidence that we can, you know, make it out of any situation that we get put in. They do. No doubt.  And I feel like we did that. Yeah, um, I mean, we try to take full advantage of any opportunity that we get, man.  So, you know, it's, it's, it's kind of funny that they ironically happens every time. So, you know, hopefully we can continue to do that. You know, these, these next few games.  So, you know, the number one thing right now is for this bye.  Mm-hmm. Um, I would say just now I'm shooting ourselves in the foot. I feel like a lot of these games that we played in the season, if all been because our own mistakes and, you know, you could see each and every game, the close game that we get in, we're able to, you know, come back and be able to, you know, finish it all. But, you know, we want to try to make sure that at the beginning of the game, we want to make sure that we, you know, we step in those guys' throat. Yeah, I definitely did.   And I feel like that's what we did. I'm sure you've had some practice already. Can you talk us one more time through the scoop and the score? Yeah, you know, I saw Austin Johnson, he made a big play, tackling the guy, all came out. I saw the ball roll down.  So, you know, I just feel like those plays like that, for like, we can make more of those plays so that, you know, it gives us a better opportunity to be able to beat these good teams. You haven't had too many chances to open it up and show off your speed that way. Yeah, yeah. Nice to show us all just helping out. Yeah, um, you know, it's funny. I didn't realize I was running that fast, but you know, anytime I try to get, anytime I get that ball, I want to make sure that I score so I can get my team a good chance of winning. So, you know, hopefully I can get some more in the near future.


Sometimes you need a pickle to spice up your birthday party. Happy birthday bud. Or for opening presents. No way! Open it up buddy. A pickle! Or for your first tattoo. Van Houtens is more than just a pickle.


You are watching The Daily Decrypt. Welcome to currency competition. I'm your host Amanda and today's on-site episode is brought to you by Node 40. As mentioned before here on The Daily Decrypt, the Free State Project is a group of people in New Hampshire who have been seeking to get 20,000 people to move to New Hampshire to basically embrace freer lifestyles together. And today they have a big announcement. Let's take a look. We did it. Today I'm here to announce that the Free State Project has officially triggered the move and that participants need to come home. You have five years from today, February 3rd, 2016, to come help build the world's first intentional Liberty community. As you may know, CryptoCoin's News has already named New Hampshire the Bitcoin capital of America. And so with the 2,000 people who've already moved for this project plus whatever percentage of the 18,000 signers that remain, it may become the Bitcoin capital of the world. Let us see what people here really think about cryptocurrencies. Are you a mover for the Free State Project? Yes. Are you a Free State Project mover? I am. Yes, I am. I am. Yes, I am a mover for the Free State Project. Yes, I'm an early mover. Yes, I am. Yes, I am. Are you? Yes, I am. Yes, I am. Yes. I am a mover. I moved in, uh, mover number 50, moved in 2004. I am. Yes, I've been here since, uh, August, no, January of 2013. I am. Uh, yes we are. Are either of you an early mover of the Free State Project? Nope. Nope. Are you? You are? Yes, I am. I'm a native. Yes. Yes. I am. Have you ever heard of any cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin? Bitcoin, Litecoin, Dogecoin, all of them. Have you ever heard of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin? Yes, I have. Yes, I have. Sure. I have. I do. I talk about Bitcoin. I'm from, uh, podcast NewCashRadio. Of course I have. Of course. Yeah. Absolutely. I follow the, uh, the prices up and down every day. Um, yes, I use them frequently. Yes, I have some. Me too. I use it regularly. Yes. I own some myself. Oh, yeah. Definitely. I actually have a wallet myself. Oh, yeah, yeah. I love Bitcoin. I have it on my phone. Yes, I have. Yes. Yes. Have you heard of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin? Ooh, yes. I actually am building a company that integrates them. Of course, yeah. What do you think of them? I think it's a great way to do transactions with other people and keep the government out of it so that we can live a freer, uh, live freer in our communities. I think it's probably the best way to take down all the governments of the world in a peaceful fashion in a very short period of time. Pro piece then, huh? Yes. I think the blockchain technology is amazing. Um, I think there's things that we haven't realized that we're going to use it for yet that's going to change everything. I have some Bitcoin. I wish I had more. I've won lots and lots of it. And, um, it's really easy because I don't have to drive to the bank to get money. I think they're a marvelous alternative to fiat currency. Yeah, I think it's the wave of the future, really. I don't know. I'm still on the fence. Yeah. I need to watch some more of your stuff because I'm curious, but... Power in the hands of the people who actually earn the money. It's the future. Once the wallets and the exchanges, things, you know, smooth out so that an average person can use it, it's just going to be the way to go. I use it to pay for membership in clubs. I use it to buy things at the local stores, to buy burgers, to buy restaurant and meals and that sort of thing. Here in Manchester, New Hampshire. New Hampshire. There are several places in New Hampshire that take Bitcoin. Yes. I'm on the fence about them. Yeah, I'm still looking into the question of, oh God, what would you call it? Inherent value. So I recognize, of course, that FRNs don't have any inherent value in gold. You mean dollars? Yes, dollars. A way to feel safe about the money I'm using and do what I want with. I take Bitcoin for payment often. I do not own any yet. I don't have a personal Bitcoin account, but I'm the treasurer of the Free State Project and we do accept Bitcoin for donations and for also event admissions. So we actively work with Bitcoin. I think they're super great. I think it's going to allow us to build an entire society outside of government control and we have the manpower here to do it and we're going to do it. I think they're awesome. I think they're a great alternative to the Federal Reserve system. And have you heard of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, for example? I started doing web hosting for Bitcoin for three Bitcoin a month. I have heard of it and I've used it. I first heard of it at Liberty Forum here in New Hampshire in 2013. I've used it, my non-profit accepts it, so it's great. I would say that's some deep Bitcoin penetration. Today's episode has been brought to you by Node 40, which is a hosting provider for Dash's masternodes. Node 40 takes care of the software configuration, the hardware and the bandwidth required to get paid to run a Dash masternode. They've already integrated with Dash Evolution. Check them out at Node40.com. And if you liked today's coverage, you'll really like when we attend New Hampshire's Liberty Forum in two weeks from now. Stay tuned, my friends.


I'm Crystal and I'm from Botswana. I just completed a 120 hour temple course with ITTT. I really enjoyed this course and what I found particularly enjoyable was the notes. The notes are very simple and to the point and as such they're very easy to understand. The tests, I also enjoyed. They are quite challenging and passing them really gave me a big sense of accomplishment. Now after every single test, there's a brief overview section. We'll just write a bit about what you learned throughout the unit. I enjoyed writing these and I found them helpful because they gave me the opportunity to revise everything that I had learned over the unit. One thing that caught me by surprise, however, was the summative class. I wasn't really expecting it so I'd like to advise all prospective students to remember that they will have to write a summative task at the end of every course and it is expected to be concise and professional and it will contribute to your overall marks. Now the next course that I'm looking forward to doing with ITTT is teaching business English. I believe that in the TEFL industry it is very important to discover your niche and to do all that you can to perfect your area of expertise. ITTT really gave me a life-changing experience and I believe that it will do the same for you. Thank you so much for taking the time to watch this and goodbye. Thanks so much for watching. We are ITTT, the leading provider for TEFL and TESOL training courses. If you like this video, please subscribe by clicking the button down here and click on any of the videos here on the left for more interesting teaching tips for getting certified to teach English abroad and online.


You're welcome back to the final lap of our conversation on the breakfast on Plus TV Africa. The venue of the UEFA Champions League final has been moved due to COVID-19 concerns and there's a debate about a possible postponement of the Olympic Games. Now back here in Nigeria, sports authorities are intending to put in the required protocol to avoid a spread of COVID-19 or maybe it's the clubs that aren't doing much. Most footballers in and the Nigeria Premier League have not been vaccinated and stadiums have not been fumigated and checks and players have reportedly been stopped. We have Plus TV Africa's sports presenter Wally Scott here with us to talk about this. Good morning Wally Scott. Good morning. So there's like two conversations we're having here the moving of the venue and we're talking about the standard to regarding COVID-19 pandemic, the protocols being put in place. Why do you think it is what it is right now? The moving of the venue is just an example of how seriously COVID-19 has been taking in other climbs, senior climbs that is. You move an event from Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey to the Estadio da Grau in Porto, Portugal just because of COVID-19 because the fans are saying we can't risk going to Turkey considering the fact that it's going skyrocketing in Turkey there so we're not going there. So it's okay. Good. Come to Europe and the UK. Now just this morning 3,371,000 people have signed a petition, submitted to a mayor in Tokyo saying that she canceled the Olympics totally. Submitted this morning by a lawyer. Because of health concerns. COVID-19 concerns. In Japan, China is skyrocketing like every day. But this is a Nigerian system where our league is supposedly going on. None of our players have been vaccinated. The COVID-19 checks aren't done. Nobody's in a bubble. We claim that we don't have fans there. But that's a lie because I can conveniently say, I don't know about other states, but in Lagos, it's a gigi-precise, then only one. And in Suri, where MFM plays, I know the guys in the area in Suri, area and IEG area always throng the field and they're always there in their numbers. And they're not like working like COVID-19 tests. And I refuse to stop reporting any matching in Lagos because these guys aren't vaccinated. Nobody's in a bubble. Nobody's been tested. That's a risk for me. Even a nose mask might not just save the situation for me. You know, so the truth be said, I think the management should be blamed now at this point. Talking about the management, apologies for what it's called. Who should be responsible for vaccinating the players? Should it be the football body or the players to give responsibilities for their own health? There's a body called the League Management Company. It's called the LMC. And their job is to give them, I've always called them a barking dog. It doesn't bite. It does bark. You know, and initially when the LMC first came in, there were rules and regulations.  You must play your players regularly, pay them their salaries, when, as and when do you? They don't do anything about it. These guys don't pay. We see playing players protesting like every other day and the LMC do nothing about it. The LMC have said yes. You must get vaccinated. Everybody, your team, most of us have said the coaches, the managerial crew, the teams. Nobody's vaccinated. I mean, who's taking responsibility for that? Who should be doing it? The LMC will tell the clubs to actually ensure these things are done. But how do they check it? But let's not act like vaccines are sold in supermarkets and you could just buy one. Nigeria had a specific number of vaccines that were provided for the country. There were, there are specific people that were, you know, supposed to get vaccines. Sports players were not part of the list that were meant to be vaccinated. Elderly people, frontline workers, government officials are the least. But sportsmen were not. I know, I know, I know for one that I can, I can speak for that, that them, Aisha Falude, who is the head of the Nigerian Women's Premier League insisted that most teams must get vaccinated or at least, or at least from where? Sorry, or at least follow COVID-19 protocols. Now, I don't know if the players, the women players have been vaccinated, but I am luck, well, I was lucky to have actually covered about two or three women matches. And except for when they were going to the field, they had their nose masked on. They were being checked on a, on a study when you're going to the field, they are going out, as in the protocols were being followed in most Nigerian women football leagues, which means that for some reasons, like I said, let's go back to the management again. Aisha Falude was able to ensure sanity in the women's Premier League and showing that, listen, these protocols are followed. Many vaccines not taken, but at least protocols followed. In the Nigerian male Premier League is like a carnival. It's like everybody come one, come all. Everybody around the stadium can just walk in and watch the match. And this is in contrast to the rest of Africa. We know that countries like Kenya garnered basically shut down all sports activities. Yes, it shut down for a long while. And when they did come back, the protocols have been taken very seriously. Now, surprisingly, not surprisingly, the best football structures in Africa and in North African parts of the continent. And then they are following the protocols to the tilt. And I haven't heard, that seems to a large extent, in North African countries, sports, football, every league going on had a particular percentage of vaccination, which means that if the cricket league is going on, you get a percentage, football league is going on. And I don't think that happened in Nigeria. However, the protocols were at least followed if you can't get your vaccines yet. But in Nigeria, it's a different, different ball game. Let's hope that we at least continue testing. You actually go to the stadiums across Nigeria and you're asking yourself, does COVID exist in this part of town? Really? Like I said, I hope that we at least continue testing if we can get everyone vaccinated. And you know, we of course have lapses in making sure that everyone follows COVID-19 protocols. And at least let's test all the players regularly to ensure that they and anybody who is infected, you know, can be pulled out of the space. Anyway, thanks you to Wally Scott for joining us this morning on the Friday. We want to wish everyone a very beautiful weekend ahead. Thank you for being with us all through the week. Every single detail of our conversations always gets to our social media platforms at Plus TV Africa. So you can always catch up on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook and our YouTube channel at Plus TV Africa also. And Neta always mentions at Plus TV lifestyle. Africa lifestyle. It's a new YouTube channel. Thanks once again. I am Osaugi Ogmore. And I am and Neta, Felix. Say bye-bye.


Hello, everyone, and welcome back to enter the ether of the podcast all about the upcoming third person mobile ethereal clash of souls. I'm your host, the one and only a man goes joining me, as always, is the leader of the tin foil task force is jelly knees. How you doing, jelly? I'm good, man, goose. Happy to be here, man. Nice pose. This week, we have a special guest with us. We have the voice actress for Noxus, Sarah Dunham. Welcome, Sarah. Hello, thank you. Pleasure to be on the show. Thank you for having me. So, Sarah, why don't you tell us a little bit about what you do and who you voice and all that stuff, which we already know. I don't know why I said that. Yeah. OK, my name is Sarah Dunham. I am a voice actor and I've been working as a freelance voice actor for around about six years or so, give or take. And I always experience right on. Yeah. Well, yeah. I mean, experience, yes, but like nothing huge per se, except for maybe this game. Hopefully that'll change, yeah. Yeah, so I voice Noxus, powerful seer of light, yeah. OK, right on. So we're going to go ahead and talk about the new information that has been coming out from material and then we'll get into talking to Sarah all about voice acting. So the new information first, there was the big update that we always get on Fridays, but they've also been releasing a bit of the lore on Instagram. So if you're not following the ethereal Instagram, you can go there and get some of the Malaya lore with a few images tossed in there for good measure. I know a lot of people really are looking forward to the lore. There is a ton of lore for each character. I think you lore hounds are going to be very happy with that. But the update itself, I'm going to go ahead. Some of you have seen it. Jell, you want to explain it and then I'll show the video. All right, so the update is about day and night and weather on top of it as well. So the ethereal is going to have a day night cycle and there'll be there'll be four times of day, usually. It'll be day, dusk, night and dawn. And each one will have their own look to it of the map that they'll have various effects that we see in the video. Mangoes is about to show. And then they also talked about weather effects. So there's going to be things like snow, rain, some rare events that are going to be involved, which we kind of think we know some of them, but we're not 100 percent certain on. But each thing is going to affect the map, how it looks and potentially some items as well. We'll get certain bonuses during certain times of day or certain rare events. I think all right. And yeah, pretty quick, we can jump into the video. Yeah, you guys may have already seen it, but we we got the video with sound. So we got the ambient sound effects in the background now. So we'll go ahead and play that for you now. A lot of a lot of stuff going on there. Looked like we were following Marina. She had a bit of a saucy strut there. We were told that's not her her actual move speed. That's just they were just showing off the map without, you know, flying through it. So we've already talked about it quite a bit. Sarah, what was your impressions? Have you seen any of the map like this? Or did you know anything about the the weather or anything like that? I didn't know anything about the weather. That's a really, really cool addition. Coming from playing like a lot of survival type games where, you know, it's the your survival situation depends on the weather. It's probably not going to be that in depth. But even so, it's it's pretty cool. Yeah, especially if you say that some items might be interacting with some of the weather changes, that's really awesome. Yeah. And that's that's a good point too. That's one of the things that they were talking about is the I don't think the myths themselves will be all that affected by the just regular cycles, the day night cycle, but there will be items that do gain bonuses. And I don't think the weather is going to certain weather won't affect much, but the rare events will jelly those rare events. What do you think of those? I think they're incredible. We talked about it, like I said, a little bit the day of in the discord. So if you're not in the discord, join there. We talk about all this stuff a lot when it comes out.  Some kind of super heat wave. I mean, like there's so many things that it could happen throughout the game. That's just a rare event. And it's I was talking to Kai about it and he said that each there is not a guaranteed chance to get a rare event in each game. You may go 10 games without seeing a rare event. And then suddenly it's a lunar eclipse that happens on the map. So it's going to be something very, very unique and rare. And if by chance you got two rare events in your game, then it's going to be two different ones instead of the same one twice. And that's going to add a lot to the skill ceiling as far as people being knowing how to take advantage of the certain weather events. I think that the blogs say that you'll know if you're going to get certain weather in the game. I think it's a how you would know. It seems like with some of the wording, it felt like you might have an opportunity to figure it out in some way, but it didn't quite go into depth about what that was. Yeah, really cool stuff. I can't wait to see it. And it looked amazing. Like we've seen pictures of the map. This is the first time we've seen anybody just straight walking around on the map. And there was a lot of just really incredible stuff there and just the different changes that you could see. I think my favorite portion of it all was at dawn where there were mist kind of like coming off the ground and it was like the lighting from the torches and that mist was. Yeah, it was good. Exactly. Incredible. Like that. And I agree with you. That's probably my favorite out of all the things they showed is just that scene because it captures the element of that time of day perfectly. Like it's just like street lamps putting off light and the distance. Like it just did such a good job of capturing that whole essence. Yeah. All right. That's about all I had to say on that. You guys, you guys good. You want to move into talking to Sarah about voice acting. I guess since that's why she's here. We talked about survival games. Well, that would be a very long topic conversation. All right. So Sarah, first question. So how did you become interested in voice acting to begin with? Well, I mean, I've always been interested in acting. Right. Since I was a kid, really all types of dramatic arts. Like I've never done on-screen acting, but it is interesting to me. Like theater stuff. Also, even just all sorts of ways of using my voice to express often fictional characters. Like my main interest is fiction. So it's about expressing art through your voice and your mind, you know, your creativity, what you can create and how you can bring those creations that sometimes you make or other people make to life with with your voice and your, your expression. And one day I just decided, you know, these people are doing it. So what if I can do it too? So I just gave it a shot and got myself a Blue Yeti microphone and just started auditioning for everything that I could find on like casting call club and all the, all the indie stuff they had out there back in the day. And just went from there really. So it's less about doing like an impression of something and more about creating your own voice for a character?  Like I was talking about Laura Post the other day. But for me, mostly it's about creating and giving life to something and really expressing that as a sort of combination through artwork, voice work and animation, I suppose. Yeah, you really brought it with Noxus. I am on record is saying that her voice lines are probably my favorite out of all of the voice lines is the delivery of them. Maybe not the wording, but the delivery of them is absolutely amazing. You like, you did a great job with Noxus. Absolutely. Thank you. Thank you. I mean, since we were talking about like some of the other things that you've done, where else can we hear some of your work, your work, Sarah? Well, it's not like a huge, like I said, I've not done like massive things. I'm not in a union or anything like that. But I've done a few audio books. That's on audible. There's the black rose volumes one, two and three, which I've always narrated for an author called Kristen Bone, I believe her name is. And a few various other titles on there. And I've also got a website which shows a few of my examples, Sarah Dunham vo.com. That shows quite a few of my stuff as samples and also links to various other places you can you can hear me. What type of books are those if you don't mind me asking? Okay. I tend to get stereotyped typecast into these sort of really depressing stories like dark because I've got that kind of deep and rich voice. So they really go for that. They really pick on that. Not as a bad thing as they pick on, but you know, I always tend to get cast as those types of voices, especially in narration. That kind of leads into the next question, which is, is there any commonality in the voices that you do? Yes. Yes, there always is.  Sometimes mysterious or sometimes just pure evil, which I've done. There as well. But they're always, always powerful women. I don't think I've ever voiced, except on maybe a rare occasion, like a submissive type of woman, always very commanding strong women. That's awesome. Now, do you prefer to voice like commanding strong women or would you like to like reach out and branch out into other sort of roles? I like the crazy ones like Jinx. I like to, I really, I really love to voice those characters because I feel like it, it stretches, it goes from the dark and nasty to something really fucking. Oh, excuse me. You could, you could, you could scratch that one out.  You can do whatever you want. Okay.  That's really awesome. What are they saying? Yeah. Crazy characters. That's because I'm always doing the dark and nasty stuff.  I can't get quite as high pitch as that, but I can get close. And it's so much fun to do. Right one. That's awesome. So for Noxus specifically, is there any like parts of your own personality that you kind of put into Noxus's performance or what, what does that feel like for you to perform as Noxus? I feel like, hmm, I feel like no matter what character you're doing, you're always injecting some kind of your own self into it.  It has to be really in order for you to project yourself into it otherwise it's not believable. So yeah, yeah, there's always something of my own personality that I will inject into any character I voice. And with Noxus, I think probably the more playful lines like, oh, I do adore citrus drinks. And she's like, I just imagine sipping this really nice mojito. Oh, yes. That's rather tasty. Is that just chugging it down? I mean, I could just, yeah.  Mejito Noxus confirmed. We just need a Mejito Noxus's hand as she floats around, you know. Yep. There we go. I've been doing these mixed drinks based on myths. I was working on Malware, but I would have to make a Mejito for her. Yeah. That would be awesome. VA approved. Yes. Noxus Mojito. So out of all the voice, is that your favorite or? Actually, no, my favorite is the actually her intro line. The light reveals all. I feel like that one is it really says everything about her character and just that one sentence. Like she can basically illuminate all of the darkness and pierce through the deepest depths of darkness and reveal what's hidden. You know, I just feel like that one line on its own is so powerful and such a great introduction to the character. It's just fantastic. How would you classify Noxus? Because I was looking through your website.  Like the feel I get from Noxus is that she's powerful, yet also sort of warm and protective at the same time. I don't know. How would you classify your Noxus voice? I would say if I would go on a deeper level, I would see her as like, I don't know if you've played any it's like classic RPGs and you have the, the stereotypical priestess of the light and she's like this warm, almost motherly, sometimes sisterly figure that sees all or, you know, sees a lot at least. And she's just got this bright, warm glow about her and she makes you feel at home. But also if you get on her bad side or if you, you know, you misstep, then she'll be there to correct you and perhaps even judge you with the powers of light. Yeah. It's, yeah, that's the kind of vision I have for her. That's rad. Did you choose Noxus or was she presented to you or like and her voice style, what, to walk us through that process of how you settled on the voice for Noxus and how she was presented to you? I auditioned for Noxus and I just went with the, the guidelines of, I think the guidelines were something similar to Kale from League of Legends, like an angel or something like an angel from Diablo, you know, powerful, powerful commanding female voice of the light, basically. So she's like, and I just, I went with that as a description and just use that as reference and set my audition in. Right on. You already mentioned quite a few games. So are you consider yourself a gamer? Do you play a lot of games? Yep. I play a lot of games. Most of my time is either gaming or reading, or mostly gaming and like series. I sometimes binge watch series unashamedly on Netflix. Yeah, gaming wise. I am a massive RPG fan. So I have literally hundreds of games in Steam, many hundreds I haven't touched, but. Sign of a true gamer right there, more games that you haven't touched than you have on Steam. Yes. I think last I checked, I had 300 something, but I think that's probably gone up to 400 something. Wow. Yeah, you got me beat. I mean, yeah, I've got so many that I'm like, I didn't even know I had this game. Like you go through your Steam catalog. I know you, that's the thing as a gamer, you love games so much, but as an adult, you just don't have the time to see this game. Yeah, you'll see this game and it'll be like, Oh wow, that's amazing. I want to play that. That looks great. And then you just don't touch it for like a year or two years or something. Especially on the sales. You're like, it's $5. I can pick it up now, play it whenever I have time, and then you never have time. Exactly. That's exactly how it is. Yeah, it's there. Yeah. But yeah, I love RPGs. Like Baldur's Gate, Icewind Dale, Classic's Plainscape Torment. Massive Final Fantasy fan as well, but mostly from like seven onwards, because I didn't really play the ones pre-play station. And I was actually joking with a friend on the subject of voice acting. I was joking with a friend of mine. I think it was yesterday or the day before about how I'd be able to die happy if I could land the voice of Edea or Ultimecia in the Final Fantasy 8 remake. I thought that would be freaking amazing. If I could just get that, I would be happy. I'd be super happy. Best of luck to you. I hope you do get it. Yeah, that's awesome. Thank you. We'll see how it goes. If I can somehow see or get a chance to get a hold of the audition casting call thing, I'll definitely give it a go. Right on. Do you play any tabletop games? Yeah. Most recently, Pathfinder. Nerd. Yeah, I know. I'm just kidding. It's because I want to play, but I can't. I can't find a group. It's so hard to find a good group. The group that I'm playing with, we consistently miss week upon week, just because of a school. We know like uni and work and all sorts of other things getting in the way. So it's just the bane of being an adult. It's just too much responsibility. Unfortunately. We're all just children trapped in adult bodies.  I think so. Yeah. I think the majority of us really are especially gamers. Yep. We just want to sit at home and play video games, but that whole work thing usually gets in the way. We can't. It's not possible. Damn, your responsibility. Exactly. Yes. Exactly. Exactly.  Yes. Exactly. Exactly. So I mean, speaking of the game, a theory, is there anybody that you've seen so far that you are drawn to and would want to play? Is that Noxus? Is that somebody else? What is that? Who is that for you? Probably Noxus. I feel like not only is she a good match to my voice, but she's also a very good match to how I would play a game. I usually like, actually Lux is a good example, League of Legends, Syndra as well. I love playing those types of characters. So Noxus is a great fit for me. It seems like a lot of people, like a lot of the people that we've talked to from UG, whenever you ask them who they want to play, it's always Noxus. Not always, but. Oh really? For the most part, yeah. So do you have any advice for people that are interested in voice acting, like any sort of resources or exercises they could do, anything like that? In terms of personal advice, for a start, if voice acting is something that you really want to get into and you feel like you've got the chops for it, you can give it a go. You really like it. I think first things first, you have to like it.  You've got nothing else to do because of COVID, and they'll do it. And then like two weeks later, they don't want to do it.  But I'd say if you really want to get into voice acting, enjoy it first. And then after that, voice care, you must at all, it doesn't matter what the director says, you have to take care of your voice, moisturize your throat, you know, drink plenty of water, honey, honey, lemon, hot tea. Milk is actually on the contrary, I love milk, but milk is really bad for voice acting. Oh, really? Yeah, it does something, it makes you build up, something to do with the enzymes in the milk, it makes you build mucus. So if you have like a glass of milk before you'll be going throughout the entire session, and it's just not worth it. I'm going to start having a glass of milk before we record every week. You're going to start doing that? I'm going to start on that. It'll lower his voice just slightly, and then, yeah, we'll just... Yeah, excuse me, pausing every like five seconds. Excuse me. But yes, don't take risks. So no matter what the director says, like, I've heard horror stories from voice actors in Far Cry, I think, where they've screamed and screamed and screamed and screamed and screamed, and the directors have told them to keep going at different takes, screaming and screaming and screaming, and they've permanently damaged their voice because the director didn't tell them to stop. You know, they were expected to keep going. At least those are the horror stories I've heard, and I know for a fact there are voice actors that have blown their voices out because of games like that. Just take care of your voice. Be aware of what you're doing. If it hurts your throat, stop. If you're tired, stop. And after that, be confident. Be yourself. Have fun. And resources. Gravy for the Brain is the first one I would think of because that has almost everything you can think of there, like resources, rates, tips, guides, all sorts. I think it's just gravyforthebrain.com. It's really good. And Casting Call Club, which is risen from the depths of being a complete fan base. Like, you know, I think it was a completely free medium at one point with nothing attached to it. It was just people posting on a forum. But now it's huge. They've got their own branding. They've got their own theme. They've got all sorts. Casting Call Club is really good. Yeah. I'll put those links down there. Okay. Awesome. If there was any other myth in ethereal that you would be given the opportunity to voice, who would it be? There's one I want to say, but I can't because I don't think she's been talked about. So I'm not going to say it. Other than that, I think it would probably have to be because I auditioned for her before Noxus. But I didn't get it. It was pretty sad, but I'm still happy I got Noxus. Yeah, I was going to say, I had talked to Tri-Color Star a long time ago, and he had said something about originally they were going to use you for Leah and another voice actress for Noxus, and then they switched you guys up. Oh, really? I didn't know that. That's pretty cool because the current voice actress for Leah is really good. So I'm glad they selected her. But wow, okay. That's cool to know. That's going to go hunter down. I could have had Leah if it wasn't for you.  No. Maybe stirring up all the drama. And you know, I heard that's not what happened. Yeah, but yeah. So she would have been a great choice for me just because of the whole, again, she's like a strong, commanding, like druid, mother type figure. Yeah. I think that's about it for the questions we had and that's about it for the, for me fomenting discord amongst the voice actors of ethereal. So the new section we have here, where we go in and we talk about some of the, the fan myths. I'm going to abbreviate this a little bit. I think we went a little too long with this the last time we did it, but we're just going to go through this one is from sleepy ocean. Is that right? Yep, jelly. Yeah, sleepy ocean posted this yesterday, I believe for us. So being Saturday. So Altmar, the seeking scribe, if you want to look more into what his ideas were for this myth, just join the discord and you can find it there in the unofficial myth talk. So not going to talk about his lure, but his stats, we do have his base HP, which the stats don't matter much, but they do tie into the rest of this hero's kit. So you got the base HP and the base mana, which is 550 HP and. Oh, he has a range. Starting 550 and then base man is starting at 295. So his kit, so his passive void filled site. After hitting three abilities consecutively on the same target, he gains an AP shield with a 4% of his max health and 30% bonus AP that lasts for seconds and this will stack up if the shield isn't broken. Then the most interesting thing about this kid is his right click, which as we know in ethereal, all the right clicks are going to be some sort of risk reward type thing. And this right click is called shield strength hides decadence. And it's a stance switch. So the right click switches you into a stance, but the. And what the stance does is it costs 3% of your max health per second to be in this stance, but it also modifies all of your abilities with the exception of your ultimate.  But with the S if he's in the shield stance, it sends out a cloud, which after a half second will solidify into a platform with very high walls on each of its sides. So it kind of traps people in, but you have to be in that stance with that that deals damage to you. And then just real quickly phasing projectiles. It just summons three projectiles that he can aim.  But if it's in the other stance, they they the spikes appear and then fire upwards, which would be nice to hit some some some flying sky slayers there and the third ability oppressing light. Caging light can only be cast in combat cast a light central on an enemy myth. The schedule will create a bind between you and your link that will strengthen over two seconds. If after two seconds, the bind is still in range.  So this is kind of a point and click pull, but you have to keep them in range for it to happen. But if you're in the other stance, you can target an ally with this. And then after three seconds, you create an area of light magic that heals all friendly targets for 75% of all damage taken by you during that time. So that's a pretty cool little thing you could do. And his ultimate witness your doom. This is a really cool ultimate. He infuses his power into an enemy myth. He goes untargetable for two seconds. And the myth is then filled with horrifying eyes fearing all other enemy units around it. So you go into an enemy, they get this aura around them that fears all of their friends around them. And then after leaving his host, you take 40% of their of the affected targets total AP for himself for five seconds. So anybody that was affected, he gets their attack power. So he would come out of this all just if he got plenty of people just super really overpowered just crushing people down. That's pretty cool. So that was just a brief overview of his abilities. Like I said, you can go into it. I think the coolest part of this particular kit is the right click being a stance switch that. I think that would really separate, you know, good players for bad players knowing when they can sacrifice that HP to get this, these bonus effects or different effects off of their abilities and when to use that. So jelly, what did you think of this? I think it's incredible. I agree with you. I think the right click is the coolest part and it would really separate the good players from the bad being able to quickly go in cast the ability and come out of it with taking as little damage as possible would be really cool. I also kind of love the like paladin-esque death paladin vibes we're getting from this character that that I just love that kind of thematic about characters in general. So I love seeing that here. But yeah, really cool overall. Serge, have any thoughts?  Very, very unique kind of play style that probably, as you said, as opposed from separating the good from the bad, I feel like that would separate the good from the overpowered people, like the people with the crazy reflexes that are just like, what, what just happened? I can see that being really, really damaging. I especially like that ultimate being able to like, you're everybody or like, infest an enemy that would be really fun, I think. It's like a combination of Mordekaiser and Fiddlesticks or something like that. Yeah, had the exact same thought. I'm glad you said that, Sarah. I'm sorry. All right. And I think that's it. Do you guys have anything else to say about the myth? Thank you, Sleepy Ocean, for submitting that myth. All right. Cool beans. Let's get into plugs. Sarah, do you want to plug anything? Do you have anything going to one? Right now, there's a lot of stuff that's like, there's a lot of commercial stuff that's going on. Nothing really of at least a few jimbo that I can talk about. And so, no, I don't think so. Is there any way we can go to like, give you a thumbs up on your voice acting to let everybody know that we take care of them? Oh, thank you for saying it now. There is YouTube, but I don't really have many followers. There's a place where I can dump my voice stuff that's been uploaded to YouTube. Otherwise, I have a Twitter, which I sometimes use to reach out to people. It doesn't have very many followers again, but yeah, I use it occasionally. Twitter. What is my Twitter? I have to check. You can send it to me later. Okay. All right. I'll do that. I'll have everything down there. You guys know. You guys know the deal. Okay. Jelly, what you got going on? More YouTube videos. I mean, I've got some pretty big theory stuff coming out this week. We're only doing three videos instead of five. I decided to give myself a break instead of trying to crank a video out every day.  A little bit, but yeah, more YouTube videos, live streams. From now on, I'm going to start live streaming the blog posts as they get put up. So if you guys are wanting to talk with other people about it, we'll come over to my channel. We'll live stream the blog post. Talk about it. Try and discover any secrets that might be hidden in there, but you know, that's, that's about it for me. What about you, man, goose? Not much going on. Just tick talk a little bit. Just did another cocktail video. I'm going to be doing that. The malware cocktail pretty soon. And apparently a mojito for Noxus. I'm interested to see what a malware cocktail cocktail would be like. I've got some weird ideas for it. I've got some weird ideas for it. We'll see if they work out. All right, guys, that is going to be it for this week. Thank you very much, Sarah, for joining us. Jelly, thanks for coming out as always. But I hope you all join us as we enter the ether. Man, goose.


Now, the book is entitled Permanent Revolution in Latin America, but then it has a subtitle which says Cuba, Nicaragua and Venezuela. When John originally proposed this book, this book was to cover much wider scope and we had an idea of having chapters or dealing with Permanent Revolution in other countries where it is important and they have an important history of revolutionary struggle in which the theory of Permanent Revolution played an important role, for instance Bolivia and others. But in the end, as the different chapters were growing in size and number of pages, we had to limit ourselves to these three countries which I think are relevant for the continent as a whole. And they also provide very good examples and indications of a positive confirmation of the Permanent Revolution and a negative confirmation of the Permanent Revolution. Now, first question we need to answer, we need to ask ourselves is what is the theory of Permanent Revolution? The theory of Permanent Revolution was first explained by Trotsky in his conclusions from the 1905 revolution in Russia and then it was systematized or crystallized in the form of a proper theory in the early 1920s in debates in the Soviet Union between Trotsky and the Stalinists who were inventing an attack against Trotsky on this question of the Permanent Revolution. And that's when Trotsky wrote the book Permanent Revolution, which we advise everyone to read. But if you want to know the center or the real meaning of Permanent Revolution, this can be explained in this quote from Trotsky where he says in his thesis on Permanent Revolution at the end of the book he says, with regard to countries with a belated bourgeois development, especially the colonial and semi-colonial countries, the theory of the Permanent Revolution signifies that the complete and genuine solution of their tasks of achieving democracy and national emancipation is conceivable only through the dictatorship of the proletariat as the leader of the subjugated nation above all of its peasant masses. So basically saying that in countries which arrived late to the capitalist development that capitalism was developed when imperialism was already dominating the world, even though in some of these countries national and democratic tasks, i.e. the tasks of the bourgeois revolution are still pending in one degree or another, this cannot be carried out by the national bourgeois. The national bourgeois by virtue of having arrived late at the scene of history is now linked and tied by a thousand threats to imperialism, to the land owners and therefore no genuine progress on the national and democratic revolution can take place, neither on the question of agrarian reform or genuine national independence, genuine struggle against imperialism, if these revolutions are led by the bourgeois class in these countries. Not only this, it also says that therefore this task now falls onto the shoulders of the working class, however small in numbers it might be in these countries, but remember that in Russia in 1917 the working class was also very small in numbers. It is the working class, the only class in this type of countries that can carry out these tasks by taking power in its own hands. Not only this, but once having taken power this class will not stop purely at the national democratic demands, but it will start to infringe onto bourgeois property rights, it will start to move in the direction against capitalism and the theory of permanent revolution also says that these tasks cannot be fully completed on the national arena but have to be linked with the international revolution. This is a very summarized explanation of what the theory of permanent revolution means. Now in the book we argue that this applies to Latin America completely, not only today still applies today, but it applies in Latin America for the last 100 or 200 years since these countries won independence. That is that the national bourgeois was too backward, too linked with imperialism, too linked with the landowners to carry out any genuine progressive role or to carry out any genuine national liberation and democratic struggle. Now as we know, as I said just a minute ago, this theory was then contested by the Stalinists who in reality recovered the Menshevik theory of two stages and made it their theory and they implemented it throughout the communist international in the mid to the late 1920s. And this had an impact also in Latin America. The two-stage theory of revolution in backward countries means that because the main tasks in these countries are national democratic or bourgeois tasks, therefore the leadership of the revolution should fall on the shoulders of the bourgeois or the progressive sections of the bourgeois liberals in these countries and the working class should play an auxiliary role. And only later, after a period of capitalist, genuine capitalist development, will the tasks of the socialist revolution be opposed. This is not just a theory which had been disproven by the experience of 1917 in Russia, but it is also a theory that led to major disasters for the working class revolutionary movement in the cities of countries, chiefly in China in the 1920s. So Latin America has been always a big debate about the character of the socio-economic formation of Latin America under the Spanish colonization and later after independence in the 19th century. There are some particularly Stalinist authors who argue that Latin America was feudal in its socio-economic formation. Not only it was feudal under the Spanish colony, but it was feudal all the way up to whatever the 1950s, the 1960s, the 1970s, or that there was still a semi-feudal regime in many of these countries. And from this they drew the conclusion that therefore the revolution had to be an anti-feudal or anti-oligarchic revolution as separate from a socialist revolution in a completely different stage. Now this is not the case. If you actually look, even under the Spanish colony, the situation in Latin America was very particular because it is true that in 1500s Spain was a feudal country, a feudal country in which the feudal institutions were already very weakened, but and obviously this country is a country that colonized Latin America. The socio-economic formation in Latin America was never really feudal in the strict sense of the word because this was large plantations, large states, mines, and so on, which were not producing for their own limits. They were producing for the world market, which started to arise at that time, and in fact they were not even, they were integrated in a world system which was starting to set the basis for the primitive accumulation of capital, and as Marx explained, the expoliation of Latin America played an important role in the primitive accumulation of capital. So even at that time Latin America was not really feudal as such, feudal economy is basically a closed economy within the constraints of the domains of a feudal lord. And that was not the case in Latin America, but clearly after 1810, 1820s when the main countries in Latin America achieved independence, the new socio-economic formations were extremely dependent on imperialism, extremely dependent on imperialism first of British and to a certain degree American-U.S. imperialism, but then mainly dependent on U.S. imperialism. But you couldn't say that the socio-economic formation was feudal at all. You had at the top of these societies a very reactionary block of different classes that united the industrialists, which did exist in a nation form at that time, the land owners, which were mainly producing for a capitalist market, and the bankers so that the land owners had the money deposited in the banks, the banks had investment in the land, the industrialists had the investments in the land as well. So it was what we sometimes call an oligarchy, a block of different classes, and this block was completely linked and dependent on imperialism through many different ways, but mainly through the domination of the world market and the inability of creating a national economy, national internal market. And what best describes this socio-economic formation is not feudalism or semi-feedalism, but capitalism in conditions of combined and uneven development, which is what Trotsky described the Russia before the revolution as being. And this is the best way to understand Latin America from a Marxist point of view. Yes, there were remains of previous social formations. In some cases, the Spanish colony was grafted on top of the Asiatic mode of production of the Inca Empire and so on, but nevertheless the dominant feature was one of the dependency on imperialism, and imperialism is clearly a feature of advanced capitalism, not a feature of feudalism. So that is what in our opinion makes it the theory of permanent revolution is completely applicable to Latin America. In fact, the first Latin American Marxists in the 1920s, even though they were not aware of Trotsky's permanent revolution, they adopted the same strategy or one that was very, very close. For instance, Mariathegi, who was the founder of the Peruvian Socialist Party, which was in effect the Communist Party, also the founder of the Peruvian Trade Union, Confederation, an amazing figure in Latin American Marxism. He had some shortcomings. He didn't really understand some of the international debates that were going on in the communist movement at that time. But in relation to Peru, he had a very sharp understanding, which was exactly the same as Trotsky's permanent revolution. He said, for instance, in his famous seven essays on Peru, on the economic formation of Peru, he said, in Peru, there is not and there has never been a progressive bourgeois. Only the action of the proletariat can stimulate first and realize later the tasks of the democratic bourgeois revolution, which the bourgeois regime is incompetent to develop or fulfill. And once fulfilled these democratic bourgeois tasks, the revolution becomes, in its aims and in its doctrine, a proletarian revolution. The revolution in Latin America will be nothing more and nothing less than one stage, one phase in the world revolution. It will be simply and purely a socialist revolution. I think it's quite clear. And I'm stressing this point because Mariettegi has been completely distorted by everyone, by reformists, by Stalinists and so on. And they have tried to present Mariettegi as someone who somehow invented a new type of Latin American Marxism. And this is not correct. He was just applying Marxist theory to the concrete conditions of Peru. Julio Antonio Mella, the founder of the Cuban Communist Party and a very important figure in the revolutionary movement in Cuba, who was also the founder of the Students' Federation in Cuba, he also had the same approach. And he said, in its struggle against imperialism, the foreign thief, the bourgeois, the local thieves, unite to the proletariat to use it as canon fodder. But in the end they understand that it is better to ally themselves with imperialism, which at the end of the day pursue a similar interest, and from progressive they become reactionary. The concessions which they used to make to proletariat in order to have it to its side, arbitrate once this, in its advance, becomes a danger both for the foreign thief as well as for the national thief. And here they start to shout and scream against communism. To speak concretely, the full national liberation can only be obtained by the proletariat and it will achieve through workers' revolution. So he was also very clear in his position, and I'm stressing this because then when the communist international degenerated in a Stalinist way, and the two-stage theory was promoted and adopted, imposed really throughout the communist parties, including in Latin America, to the opposition of many of these people. For instance, Mariette was supposed to go to the 1929 conference of communist parties in Argentina, and he was written a thesis which was against the two-stage theory. He was unable to attend in the end, and the leader of the Latin American Stalinist, Vittorio Codovilla, basically destroyed that thesis and he was voted down and the two-stage theory was imposed. Two disastrous effects. We had later on, particularly also in the 1930s, but particularly in the 1940s in the context of the Second World War, which according to Stalinism was a war between democracy and fascism. We had the communist parties in Latin America supporting democracy in the form of the right-wing reactionary dictatorships in those countries, which just happened to be on the side of the United States during the Second World War. So in effect, these communist parties ended up supporting U.S. imperialist interests in their own countries. For instance, in Nicaragua, where the communist party supported Somoza in 1944. In Cuba, where the communist party joined the Batista government in 1942 with two ministers. In Argentina, where in 1946 the communist party supported the candidate proposed, the bourgeois candidate proposed by the U.S. embassy against Perón in the 1946 election, just to give some examples. This was a complete disaster. In general, now as I said, the book deals mainly with three revolutions, the Cuban revolution, the Nicaraguan revolution and the Venezuelan revolution. The Cuban revolution is a very good example of a permanent revolution. Cuba was the last country in the Spanish America to achieve its independence and because of this reason, when it achieved independence at the end in 1898, it already had a developed working class and this made the Cuban bourgeoisie more reactionary even than others in the continent, only as a matter of degree. Because they were very afraid of the revolutionary potential of this working class, if they were to mobilize the masses in any serious way against imperialism, they would be mobilizing the working class, which was a threat to their own interests. And so from the very beginning of the national liberation struggle in Cuba, the national question and the social question became very, very closely linked. You can see that even in 1868, when the beginning of the war for independence, when Manuel the Céspedes issued his first call for a revolutionary war, he was a landowner, a slave owner. And the first thing he did was he liberated his own slaves and he therefore linked clearly the cause of the struggle against the slavery with the cause of the struggle against national slavery. Then later on, for instance, Martí at the end of the 19th century, Jose Martí, one of the main leaders of the struggle for independence, when he set up his revolutionary Cuban party, his main base of support was amongst the cigar workers, both in Cuba and also in Florida, where there was a large colony of Cuban workers. So you can see that the two things became very closely linked. That can also be seen, for instance, in the 1933 revolution, which also showed the treacherous role of the Communist Party, which first advocated an alliance with Burjua and then shifted towards an ultra-left position of creating Soviets everywhere where conditions were not present. So you see that at every single stage of development of the Cuban revolution, as a matter of fact, the Stalinists were in the wrong side of the argument and in the wrong side of the battle. As I said, in 1942, they joined the Batista government and they had two ministers, Juan Marinello and Carlos Fernández, and this meant that for many of the revolutionary Cuban youth who wanted to fight against the Batista regime and against imperialism, the two things were very closely linked, the Communist Party was not an attractive proposition. So you had the rise of the movement around Fidel Castro and his companions, who in 1953 launched the assault on the Moncada barracks in an attempt to act as a spark for a revolutionary uprising that will bring down the dictatorship. Now, these people, what program did they have? What was the aim of their struggle? The program that they had was the classic program of the National Democratic Revolution. You can read it, it's in a text called History Will Absolve Me, which is Fidel Castro's speech on the dock, and you can see that he says, when we speak of the people in relation to the revolutionary struggle, we speak of the workers, the peasants, the poor, but he also mentions the small businessmen, the petty bourgeois, the medium-sized entrepreneurs, industrialists and so on. And when he mentions the aims of their struggle, the main focus of the struggle was the restoration of the 1940 constitution, democratic rights for everyone, and it had some degree of agrarian reform, the national independence, and some measures to improve the lot of the workers, but within the limits of the capitalist system, for instance, the workers should share in the profits of the companies they work for and things like this, things like this, which are now coming back onto the agenda, even in this country, but that's a different matter. So it was clearly a national and national democratic program within the limits of capitalism. So the important question is that on the basis of this program, and the program wasn't so much the most important thing, the question was that they launched a revolutionary struggle in their case through means of an expedition to disembark in Cuba and again provoke a revolutionary spark and a massive insurrection. That didn't go according to plan, but in a very short space of time, between December 1956 and January 59, of which 60 years are coming up this January, they had overthrown the Batista dictatorship. And this you cannot just explain on the basis of the guerrilla war, you have to explain on the basis of the rottenness of the regime they were fighting against and the mass support, the death struggle and sympathy the death struggle created, not only in the countryside, which was the main base of the guerrilla struggle where they basically distributed land to the peasants and so on, but also in the cities where they had large underground networks of support and it is not generally known or highlighted the fact that in the end when Batista fled the country on the eve of January 1st, 1959, the guerrillas were still miles away from the capital and the only way that they managed to actually win the revolution and take over the country was through a revolutionary general strike that they declared, particularly in Havana, which lasted for a week before any guerrilla troops were able to enter. So the working class did play a key role, but not an independent role. It only came as at the end of the revolution and it was not part of the main strategy of the revolutionary movement. But the most interesting thing is what happened between 1959 and 1962. Here's a movement which you can describe as a national democratic movement led by Petit Bourgeois revolutionary youth, which did not have a socialist program, but nevertheless in the space of three years they abolished capitalism in Cuba. This is quite clearly, in our opinion, a demonstration of the validity of permanent revolution. If they wanted to carry out a genuine agrarian reform, genuine national independence, they had no other alternative than to expropriate capitalism and on the basis of the expropriation of capitalism is that all the conquests of the Cuban revolution rest. And now, there is a debate in Cuba today about opening up to the market, basically a section of the leadership in Cuba, a dominant section of the leadership of the revolution in Cuba is thinking along the lines of implementing the Chinese model, let's put it that way, i.e. the slow and gradual restoration of capitalism under the leadership of the same people who are currently at the top of the Communist Party. This is very dangerous, very dangerous for the conquests of the Cuban revolution because the minute capitalist productive relations are dominant in Cuba, all the conquests of the revolution will go with it. Free housing for all, free education for all, free health care for all and all the living conditions and living standards that have been won as a result of the Cuban revolution will be destroyed if capitalism is restored and that's the way the revolution is going now. But the most important thing is to understand that even though the Cuban revolutionality leadership did not have a program of abolishing capitalism, they were pushed into that by the objective conditions because they were consequent and consistent in applying their own program which was a national democratic program. And this puts Cuba in contrast with the two other revolutions that we are discussing in the book with Nicaraguan and the Venezuelan revolution. In Nicaragua, I won't have time to go into any detail, but Nicaragua as you know is in Central America. Central America is one of the areas in Latin America that had the most crushing domination of U.S. imperialism and this started back in the 1820s with the destruction of the attempt to set up a united bourgeois republic throughout Central America. Central America was split up into many different non-viable so-called independent countries that were completely under the boot under the domination of U.S. imperialism which constant military interventions, military presence for years on end and brutal dictatorships. This is the history of Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua, all the countries in the region suffered from that. And there have been El Salvador and there have been a number of revolutionary uprisings in all these countries, the struggle of César Augusto Sandino in the 1920s and 1930s in Nicaragua, the uprising of Farabundo Martí, who was a communist in 1932 in El Salvador, who was drowned in blood, 10,000 people were massacred and so on. Nicaragua lived for many decades from 1937 up until 1979 and brutal dictatorship of the Somoza family. Somoza family were not only a bourgeois capitalist family with close links with imperialism, but they basically dominated a large part of the country's economy, maybe 40% of the economy was in their hands, the land, the industries and so on. And because of the treacherous role played by the Communist Party, which in Nicaragua was going under the name of the socialist party of Nicaragua, again we see a situation where revolutionary youth who want to struggle against this dictatorship repel, in fact many of them came out of the socialist party, the Stalinist party, partly as a result of the influence of the Cuban revolution and they set up a new organization named the Sandinista Front of National Liberation, which was set up in the 1960s by Carlos Fonseca, Tomás Borje and other leaders. This organization carried out again a guerrilla struggle, which was mostly ineffectual for many years. It was smashed almost any time they reared their head and attempted a new campaign. And progressively the Sandinista Front was split into three different factions and one of the debates was precisely around this question, or the main debate I would say was around this question of the role of the bourgeois in the anti-Somos struggle and the attitude that the revolutionaries had to have towards that. Even though there were some people at the beginning who were against that and Carlos Fonseca himself had a more critical attitude, but in the end by 1978-79 when the Sandinista Front reunited in one single organization, the stages' tendency had won the debate and everyone was defending the idea that they had to make an alliance with the progressive bourgeois and there were some bourgeois who were against the Somoza at that time, only they didn't want his revolutionary overthrow, but they had differences with him. And that the revolution in power should limit itself to national democratic tasks, the socialism was not on the agenda. The Sandinista Revolution takes the name from the Sandinista Front, but as a matter of fact most of the uprising took place outside of the FSLN formal structures. People in cities like Leon, in neighborhoods like Monimbo and other places, they just rose up in an espontaneous uprising led by very young people, most of them secondary school students, and they took the name of the only organization that seemed to be consequent in fighting the dictatorship, but in most cases the guerrillas arrived only when the uprising had already taken place. On the 19th of July, 1979 the dictatorship fell and the Sandinistas came to power, but from the very beginning the leadership of the Sandinista Front carried out a policy which was to stop any attempt at the revolution going beyond the formal limits of the bourgeois democratic revolution. They had first a coalition government which collapsed because the bourgeois withdrew from it, similar to what had happened in Cuba, but instead of taking advantage of this to move forward and expropriate capitalism, the leaders, particularly Daniela Numberto Ortega, who were the leaders of the right wing of the Sandinista Front, insisted that no property should be touched and carried out, the most conservative possible policy in relation to the question of the economy. By 1981, as we know, Reagan was elected president in the United States and immediately launched a campaign against the Sandinista Revolution with the full support of the bourgeois in Nicaragua, and they launched the Contra War, a campaign of insurgency, a really reactionary gang of cutthroats and the worst elements in society were recruited into this Contra army, were armed and financed by the CIA, and they were neighboring countries, were used as bases for attacking the Nicaraguan Revolution. That is not a surprise. There's a revolution, counter-revolution, organizes itself with the support of imperialism, what was really scandalous in Nicaragua was the fact that while the bourgeois was all on the side of count-open-counter-revolution, they were still allowed to operate legally in the country. The properties were untouched, and so they could use the mass media, the influence through the Catholic Church, the political parties, and above all, the economic power that they still had to sabotage the actions of the Sandinista government. So the Sandinistas were fighting against counter-revolution with not one, but two arms tied to the back by this theory of respecting bourgeois private property, and all the time the whole policy was to please Scandinavian social democracy, Spanish socialist party, try to prove to them that they were not communists, that they were not socialists, that they were committed to what they call a mixed economy, i.e. an economy that's dominated by the capitalist sector. And this led eventually to the defeat of the Nicaraguan revolution, the attempt to make a revolution half-way, and progressively, even some of the conquests of the revolution were being rolled back by 1990, there was an election which the Sandinistas lost. At that time the economy was in complete collapse, there was hyperinflation, and it was a complete disaster, and many people thought, well, if we get rid of the Sandinistas, at least we'll have an economic stability, we'll put an end to this never-ending war, and so on. I want to mention that both the Cubans, the Cuban leadership and the Russians, the Soviet leadership, advised the Nicaraguan leadership not to follow the same path as the Cuban revolution. i.e. the Cuban leadership had come to power on the basis of a national democratic program and then had abolished capitalism, but they insisted that this is not what should happen in Nicaragua, and they obviously had a lot of political authority. Yes, Humberto and Daniel Ortega were already committed to such a policy, but the advice that they were getting from the Cubans was, do not do like we've done, and it was a completely disastrous advice which played a disastrous role in the defeat of the revolution. And the consequences of that we see today in Nicaragua, we have a Sandinista government which has nothing to do with the conquests of the gains of the revolution which were genuine gains in terms of agrarian reform, although limited, education, health care and so on. This is a Sandinista government that has ruled the country for two mandates in agreement with Cosep, the capitalist confederation, in agreement with the owners of the industries in the Maquiladora sector, with agreement with the hierarchy of the Catholic church, which came to power on the basis of voting to criminalize abortion. We were discussing abortion rights in the previous session, and through the book we explained how abortion rights and women's rights in general are one aspect that allows us to see how progressive or in which direction a particular regime is going. And in the case of Nicaragua, abortion, to a certain extent, was already legal from the 19th century, but then was criminalized, was illegalized by the votes of the Sandinista party just before they came to power this last time. They came to power on the basis of an agreement with the liberal party, the party of the Contra. It's the party that had been carrying out the counter-revolutionary war against the Nicaraguan revolution. And now finally we come to the situation in Venezuela, because the situation in Venezuela has many parallels with the situation in Nicaragua. There are also obviously differences. The Venezuelan revolution came to power through an election 20 years ago, on the 6th of December 1998, it's now nearly 20 years, Chávez was elected for the first time, and his election represented entry of the masses onto the scene of politics after a whole series of events that had happened before and the complete discreting of the previous regime. At the beginning, Chávez also had a program. He even said his program was the third way. During his election campaign in 1998 he came to Britain, he went to Oxford, gave a speech, met with Tony Blair, and he said, I like his idea of a third way, something that is not capitalism and not socialism. And basically his idea was to democratize the political process in Venezuela and to a certain extent use the oil wealth for the benefit of the majority of the population. That's a very limited program, but the program, which in the conditions of Venezuela, the ruling class will not accept that it will be carried out fully. And so in 2002 we saw how the ruling class organized a military uprising, a coup against this government. A government that was not communist, was not socialist by any stretch of imagination, was just proposing some minor progressive reforms that we fully support. But that just demonstrates the reactionary character of the ruling class, the bourgeoisie in these countries, the whole of the bourgeoisie carried out this coup against Chávez. In fact, they were so full of themselves, so confident that when they appointed the new president after the coup in April 2002, they had a meeting in a room, a bit bigger than this, with 400 people, and they signed an attendance sheet. And in this attendance list you can see the who's who of the Venezuelan bourgeoisie. If Chávez had expropriated the properties of the people in that room, and he had ample reason for doing that, capitalism would have been abolished in Venezuela overnight. But he did not do that, and at every single juncture he attempted to again compromise with the bourgeoisie, appeal to the bourgeoisie to invest and so on. By 2005, and this is also an interesting point, Chávez changed his line. He said, while he had previously talked about the third way, he now said, the only way to achieve the aims of the Bolivarian Revolution is by abolishing capitalism, and overcoming capitalism can only be done through socialism. Now we fully agree with that, and that is again a demonstration of the permanent revolution. The problem is that these words were never fully taken into practice, and Venezuela, all the way up to 2013 when Chávez died, continued to be a capitalist country. We have to say that this confusion existed within the whole Bolivarian movement, but also within Chávez himself. One day he will be talking about socialism, he will be supporting workers taking over factories, he will be talking about workers control and encouraging workers to take over the factories, which they did. The next day he will be appealing to the bourgeoisie to be productive and invest and so on. So there was a lot of confusion in his own political thinking, but I think it's still very significant that he moved from a position of saying, no, we're not socialists, we want a third way or whatever, to a position where he said, the leader of a revolutionary movement involving millions of people, he said the only way forward is socialism. And that really opened the debate in Venezuela and beyond about that question. By the time Chávez died in 2013, in his last election, he made a speech called Turn the Rada, Golpe de Timón, and in this speech he basically expressed his frustration at the lack of progress of the revolution and he said there's two things that will not be solved. One, the economy is still a capitalist economy and the state is still a bourgeois state. The economy must become a socialist economy and the bourgeois state must be pulverized, we must create a worker state based on the communes which at that time were starting to be created. But nothing of that was then carried out into practice and Maduro, if anything, when he was elected in 2013, turned further to the right, further towards compromise with a capitalist and the capitalists were in no mood to compromise, they were sabotaging the economy but above all the attempt to combine elements of state control and regulation of the economy without creating a nationalized and planned economy completely disrupted the Venezuelan economy and that is the reason for the current economic crisis. Now the bourgeois are all shouting, oh the situation in Venezuela is terrible, yes the situation in Venezuela is terrible, this is one of the worst economic crisis in recent history, 40% of GDP has been knocked out, there is hyperinflation, I don't know the IMF says the inflation will reach 1 million percent this year, I think that's probably in the judge's generation but it's not far from the truth and the living conditions of the masses are collapsed but that's not the result of socialism because there's no socialism in Venezuela, that's precisely the result of the failure to nationalize the economy and plan the economy under a democratic plan of the economy with the participation of the workers. Obviously I don't have the time to go into detail into each one of these countries but you can see that the common, there are maybe one or two common threats in these three revolutions that we want to bring out in this book because this book is not just about history, it's about revolutionary strategy for Latin America today and these main threats are one, there can be no genuine advance even on national democratic anti-imperialist demands of agrarian reform which still has to be carried in many countries of genuine liberation from imperialism and so on without the abolition of capitalism and without the workers really taking power and number two, this requires a revolutionary leadership equipped with a Marxist program, this cannot be improvised and in all of these three cases including in the case of Cuba where the revolution then acquired a number of bureaucratic features came under the influence of the Soviet Union and there was never a genuine regime of workers democracy, a revolutionary leadership equipped with a clear Marxist program is required for the revolution to be successful and to follow the correct path and without that the road to hell is paved with good intentions, we're not here judging whether Chávez was honest in his speeches the problem is that his shortcomings in carrying out even what he was talking about has led to the disaster now and this is a lesson for all of these revolutions, the case of Nicaragua is particularly is particularly striking situation where you have now an extremely repressive regime, 200 or more people have been killed in protests since April in alliance with the bourgeois and the most reactionary elements of the Catholic Church and so on and these regimes still calls itself Sandinista, he claims the legacy of the Sandinista revolution which has nothing to do with this and in Venezuela we're moving very very rapidly to a situation like that where there's a regime that calls itself Bolivarian that has nothing to do with the revolutionary traditions as smashed workers control, is compromising with bourgeois, is opening up the country for foreign multinational investment only this time not from the US but from China, Russia and other countries Iran, Turkey and it's a complete disaster so therefore studying theory and studying the experience of previous revolutions is absolutely required, is an absolute requirement for preparing the forces for the new revolutionary events that are going to take place end up in a victory for our class in one country or another which will then open the floodgates throughout Latin America will have an impact beyond the continent.


Now students, in the previous modules, what we were doing, we were passing single values to the server and we also worked with passing multiple values to the server. And in this module, what we will do is we will pass multiple values in multiple steps to the server, multiple values in multiple steps. So this is the outline of the module that how do you create that multi-step form and how it works. So I will show you what is appearing on the screen and we will look at the code also. So let's start. What you see on the screen is some of the steps which are involved in that multi-step form. So what we have over here is that we are going to use the hidden fields to create a series of forms that guide the users through the data entry process step by step. So what we have over here is that we have the first name, the last name, the gender and so on. And this is going to be saved in a script, which is the registration underscore multi-step.php script over here. You can see over here and you can also try filling in some of the field values and using the back and next buttons over here, the back and next button over here. And notice how the field values are preserved when you return to a previously completed step. All right, so the code is given in the text to keep things simple. This script doesn't validate any form fields in the way that the registration dot php does. However, you could easily use the same techniques used in the registration dot php to validate each step of the form as it was submitted. Okay, now let's see how it works. So the script displays form with hidden field, which we have seen. If the hidden field present and within range appropriate action is taken. What was the range? It was one, two and three. The options were there. And if the hidden field is not found, it is not found. Okay, then we assume that the signup process has started. This is the signup process is started. So when it's neither one nor two nor three, it is means that the signup process is starting and this code is going to be executed. So what are the three functions which we will be looking at? We should be looking at process step number one process. What it does simply displace step number two process step two. What it does check if the user clicked the back button, which I showed you in the previous screen and then display step two, display step two. If the back button was clicked, okay, and process step two. What is process step two over here? This is the code over here. And you can see what is happening over here. This is about the back. All right, and then if it's not the case, then it goes to the display step three. So how is it is working? We have these hidden fields over here. A whole set of hidden fields are over here. Okay, and the remaining four function display step one, display step two, display step three, and display thanks. Display forms for each of these three steps in the signup process, as well as the final thank you page. Includes all of the form fields for the entire signup process. By including and populating all the fields whether visible or hidden. Hidden in this case over here. In each of the three steps, the script ensures that the entire signup data is sent back to the server each time a form is submitted. Thereby allowing the data to be carried across three steps. One, two, and then the three. Steps two and three also include back and next buttons. Okay, back and next buttons are there. Back and next button are there. Whereas step one just includes the next button over here. Only the next button. Finally, display thanks simply displays the thing your message to the user. And that's about it in this form and in this module. Thank you very much.