First question on this episode came from my guy BB said, do you think the Ravens have truly changed their philosophy by building the offense? In order for Ravens to succeed, they will need to operate on the old philosophy as well. Running the ball and playing good defense has been the common goal for years. Will hardball really give Monk in the rain and allow this offense to demonstrate its full potential? Ravens have been stuck in the Aussie main mind frame since 96. Will Ravens finally catch up to the already evolved league and be successful? We saw what Lamar did in Louisville and in 2019, Ravens got to unleash this monster eight that has been limited by bad leadership and stale philosophy. Team keep it clean. We're gonna get ready to talk about this right now. But before we do, let's hear a word from our sponsor. One of the most painful things to see on the football field every Sunday is a blindside hit. And that's because with blindside hits, you don't see them coming.  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If you're ever injured in an accident, hiring an attorney is one of the first things that you should do. And with Morgan and Morgan, submitting a claim is super easy. More than three million people have trusted Morgan and Morgan when they've been in an accident. So if you're ever in an accident, hopefully you won't be, but if it does happen, you can check out Morgan and Morgan. You can submit a claim in eight clicks or less. And you can have America's largest injury law firm fighting for you. You can get started at ForThePeople.com or dial PoundLaw and that's pound 529 from your cell phone. So first question, we starting off with a bang from my guy, BB. Maybe the BB stands for bang, bang. But anyway, have the Ravens truly changed their philosophy by building the offense? Well, it's really seeming like they have. Just if we think about this offseason alone, how they really addressed it because it was looking like they were still gonna be the Ravens of old when they just signed Nelson Aguilos. I was thinking, hmm, okay, it's a start, and but maybe it may be a finish because the Ravens, especially at the position, especially at why I receive a sticker. Oh yeah, they don't make like major moves there. That's not them. That's not their style. That's not their philosophy. But then, then weeks later, they ended up signing Odell Beckham Jr. And they not only signed Odell Beckham Jr., but they signed him to a significant deal for some significant money, especially the fact that he had just missed the entire previous season and they still signed him to that money. They really put a lot of trust and a lot of faith in Odell Beckham Jr. And then on top of that, they went and drafted Zay Flowers. I was like, oh my, wow, they really going in. Then they mess around to sign Laquan Treadwell too. It's like Ravens, whoa, all these first round pig wires, okay now. Let's see, and you still got Rashal Bateman coming back, they kept him.  And they still got Mark Andrews and company in. So yeah, the Ravens on paper, the way that they've been moving, the way that they've constructed the roster, it does seem like the philosophy may be changing. And he continued to say, for them to succeed, they'll need to operate on the old philosophy as well. Running the ball and playing good defense has been the common goal for years. So yeah, running games shouldn't go anywhere. I think it'll be different. I think more emphasis would be placed on a passing game, just really bringing it out of the Ravens, cause it just hasn't been brought out consistently from the Baltimore Ravens. But this year, I would expect them to do a lot more passing. And a lot more, just not even just more passing in volume, but more creative passing. Getting guys involved in different ways and just really opening up and using that entire field from sideline to sideline. Not having everybody bunched up in one spot, anything like that. But that's the expectation. And he said, we'll hardball really give Monk in the reins and allow this offense to demonstrate his full potential. That part is all, I mean, really everything with the offense is to be determined. We won't know till we know. We have our expectations. I got my expectations for sure, but we won't know till we know. Won't know till we see.  The second preseason game, third preseason game, oh, then it's only three preseason games. And then that's it. Then we get a little break and then it's regular season and then we're all eyes will be glued to see what this offense really does. Explain the hype. Next question came from my guy, Oreo Cookie. He said, I ain't great with things for saying that you weren't complaining about all the questions I was sending. I struggle with self-esteem issues and self-worth issues. So thanks for that. No, man, that's why I send them, man. Send them. If you got a question, send it. They just call a question from so long. I ain't say, oh, it's limited question from so long. Oh, you can only send one per mother. Nah, man. Send if you got them. Send them. I see it all the time. People will be, they'll send stuff in two in the morning, three in the morning sometimes. If it's on your mind, send it. I ain't gonna be reading it in two or three in the morning, but if it's on your mind, send it. This series is for Team Keep It Clean. It's for all of us, man, because it just is important for me that as a fan of the team, that we try to give other fans of the same team, even of other teams too, but give fans a voice to let their opinions be heard, let their different topics that they got going on and it might be heard because sometimes you realize how small of a world it is, but how other people are like, oh, you know what? I was thinking that same thing too. Oh man, that's crazy. I was just thinking about the same thing. So, and it's all conversation, man. We just all having conversation and just trying to have fun with it too, but I appreciate you, man. Anyway, you see, but my question to you is, can you help explain the hype to me about Zay Flows? Because I don't watch college football, so I really don't know. To me, it just seems like he played at a small school at NFL Talent, but my struggle, please help me out. Peace. Now, he sent this on July 26th. The day today that I'm recording this, it's August 2nd.  Only once the Ravens drafted him, then I watched film on him and I was like, okay, that's what he can do. That's what I like. Okay, boom. But even if you take that out and you just go buy everything, not from Minicamp, because at Minicamp, they said he was looking really good. I'm like, okay, it's Minicamp. They ain't even got pads on the, whatever. Training camp, you have heard nothing but great things about Zay Flows. Against veteran cornerbacks, against younger cornerbacks, against everybody in between. They have just nothing but great reports about Zay Flows. So he's, if the reports hold true and he just continues this and gets his opportunity too, I would just be looking out for a very explosive player. You can never have enough of those. But an explosive player, a player if Lamar and him, they get that chemistry going early, ooh. It can be nasty. And the way he compliments the old L. Beckham June, the way he compliments Zay Rashad Bateman, the way he compliments Mark Andrews, and the way he can open that up, open the field up for all of them. Make life easier for all of them. That's what you should be hyped for. Your opinion? I don't know if you want my opinion. I don't know, let's see. But anyway, the next question came from my guy, George. He said, Ponder this engraving. I know your feelings on not wanting to trade PQ for Chase Young from prior videos. What are your thoughts on trading PQ to the Dallas Cowboys for Zach Martin? He hasn't showed up for camp and wants a new contract. I think this will be an awesome trade to bring back offensive line dominance in a division and other talk, that Greeny and other talking heads are claiming to be the strongest in the AFC. Try to keep this one short and sweet. Keep up the positive reports. Appreciate that, GK. Wow, that's, ooh, wow, that's a, ooh, that's a tricky one right there, because Zach Martin is Zach Martin, and like, I know Ravens have been saying, oh, John Simpson, they've been saying, ah, the sixth round rookie, I forget his name. And I know if even if I remember that, I'd probably mess it up for that left guard spot because it's open right now. I think they'll end up going with a veteran. Will it be on the level of a Zach Martin? You don't know about that part, but who PQ for Zach Martin, wow. Upgrading the offensive line tremendously, like that's Lamar Jackson, that's J.K. Well, maybe J.K. Dunn, but that's J.K. Dunn, that's all the wide receiver, that's the tight end, that's the offense. That will make their lives easier. Oh man. Oh, man, he's one of the best, wow. But for PQ, that would be one that I would consider, I would have no choice but to think about it, because it's about the given to take. Do you upgrade your offensive line in a tremendous way?  But upgrade the offensive line in a major way. I guess then you would have to throw Trent Simpson in that role at that point, at the PQ role. Man, I just, I wanna keep PQ, I really do. But that's, yeah, upgrading the offensive line and having somebody that you know come in and boom, they gonna get it done, that's a hard sale right there, man, well, I mean, that's not even a hard sale, but that's just a, it makes it so tough to say no, because it's Zach Martin, it ain't just anybody, it ain't just no random guard or nothing like that. It's Zach Martin, so yeah, if I had to, like my god, BZ said, think like a GM, then I would definitely have to consider it. Expression came from my god, Manuel, he said, oh, I ain't great, even after hearing today's presser, I think a question that was undervalued by the staff, but it is important, is the durability of man Drew. Sure, amongst offenses, wide receivers in it, but it actually helps Mark not getting hit a lot of, a lot on those third or even fourth downs where the drive needs to continue and certainly allows him to rest. That's a really good point. It's a very, very good point because the previous offense, we love Mark Andrews, we know he could play, we know he could ball, but he got used a lot and he got tired, he got tired, exhausted, but really good point. Anyway, he says, we have to remember that in the last two years, he's been hurt and it's because G-Roll's offense on the passing plays was, all right, Mark Andrews down there somewhere and he would catch the ball but get hit hard. This also speaks that Lamar will get hit less in the pocket because he won't have to wait for our wide receiver to get open since they have been, since they have been schemed open from the start. That's true. He'll be able to have more options, have more guys open hopefully, so he can get that ball out quicker and just, it'll just help the flow of everything that much more. He said, now that we have primetime wide receivers and an OC that knows how to use them, we can pass the ball even better on paper, but I can't wait to see it in action. Theory can get you so far, but execution to the max is even better with a win. That's true. Same thing we were saying earlier. Everything on paper looks good and we got our own expectations, but we got to see it. He said, P.S., I predict a 14 and three record if health is of no concern. 14 and three, I could actually see that. Now, last questions on this episode came from my boy, Flirt Nowinsky. He said, what's good, bro? Hope all is well with you and yours. I got a hot take. Everyone is talking about how it's a big year for Lamar. Odell, the ends, the old line, J.K., et cetera. But in all actuality, I believe this is the biggest year for Harbs. Ooh, in his career, okay. Wait a minute, man. All right. Initially, when you say it out loud, it sounds like a hot take, but then when you think about it, it's really not. But let's keep going. He says, I say this because you know he brought in his boy, McDonald. You know I'm not a fan. He lost us plenty of games, LOL. But if the defense doesn't tighten up, strike one. Jiro gone. We got Todd Monk and he wants to change our history since we have always been a run first team, which isn't bad. But if this goes bad, that strike two. And possibly three also, because due to the change of the offense, those that contributed before will no longer be affected and those that haven't contributed before have to be affected. I think it's not so black and white like that. It all just depends on the player and the position and whatnot. But anyway, he said, Hollywood 2.0, that can catch so far. Also, no knock to bro. He's always fan, but it's facts, LOL. I ain't like that one. I ain't appreciate that one. Anyway, he said, hasn't played in two years with no knees. Beckham, Rashad Bateman coming off of an injury. Nelson, I can't catch a wide open pass. Aguilar, hold up now, he been balling so far. Hey, again, we gonna see him with regular season starts, but he been doing his thing so far. And that, hey, I know it's just training camp, but he got to start somewhere, right? Anyway, he said, all have to be huge factors. Just looking at the tape from Monk in college days. This is the way it gets sketchy. You know our two best pass catchers? Yeah, Andrew's unlikely. Yeah, just by tape, their role will be decreased. Oh yeah. And the power run game is like option five. We see how that works out for the Chargers and Pills. So I feel like this transition has to be flawless for Hobbs, not to get fired. What do you think? Oh, that's powerful right there. It doesn't have to be flawless. I really think for Hobb all, and he made a little joke about it. I think it was this off season.  I don't know how much longer he gonna be coaching. So, but I don't think Hobbs, I think Hobbs is gonna go out on his own terms from the Baltimore Ravens. I just, I don't see him being fired at all. And with health, I think that this team will have plenty of success.  But for Hobbs to get fired, like he would have to really be like just trying to lose and be doing a lot of losing too. And it would just have to be so astronomically bad for him to be voted. And it ain't gonna happen, man. Well, I don't think it's gonna happen. But anyway, he said, because regardless of which side of the fence you're on about G-Roy or Munkin, they are going to compare G-Roy's first year to Munkin's first year. Well, of course, for sure. And due to the media, if they aren't significantly better than Hobbs, might be gone. No, I don't think so. He said, this team is way better. So it should be easy, right? And just like Bateman was for a hot second, but now he's back. I'm out. It shouldn't be easy. It, easy, I don't know about easy, but we do, the talent is better in my opinion. And there's more variety. There's more depth, there's quality depth. So that does help a lot. Another one of his questions, he said, another hot take by halfway through the season. Cornerback one will be, oh, okay. Oh, you scared me at first. So it's like, what? He said, cornerback one will be rock your scene. Cornerback two will be Jaylen Alma Davis and in the slot, it'll be Marlon Humphrey. Just me personally, Hump's best times to me have been at slot corner. I believe they will revisit that this season. We gon' see. We gon' see. He sent this, today on Recordedness, rock your scene went down with injury. Halb said it's nothing serious, but I mean, I'm sure by the, yeah, definitely by the time y'all see this video, we will have had the update on whatever that injury is. And hopefully it ain't nothing serious, but we'll see. Just me personally, Hump's, oh yeah, I read that already. Especially because of Jabbo in a way will be getting crazy pressure off the edge. He said he's speaking into existence. You're seeing the solid. Jaylen Alma Davis has size and speed, but with good pressure, the first look is the check down, then the slot. That's where Hump comes into play. He will lock down the slot. Boom, we are elite. Even though as you know, I don't like McDonald, he can redeem himself this season. What do you think? And like Marlon was for lying, I'm out. Okay. And then they brought him back though. They did bring him back. So he's back, back with the Ravens once again. As far as that lineup with the cornerbacks, I mean, hey, anything is possible. And you did mention Marlon in the slot. So first, when I first saw it, and I saw cornerback, one rocket scene, and cornerback two, Jaylen Alma Davis, I was like, whoa, what you talking about? But then you say Marlon in the slot. I don't think they'll make it a full-time thing for him. Jaylen Alma Davis, the report's been bad about him recently. We'll see how it does for the rest of the training camp. But I think they could mix in Marlon here and there. They could move him around and whatnot. But I think they're still gonna have him primarily as an outside guy. I don't show he'll be in a slot some, but I just, yeah, I think they'll have him primarily outside guy. I don't think they'll put him in there as no permanent position for the year.


Thank you very much Annette and dear colleagues. I'm going far up in the north, in the north of Scandinavia. When the Roman vessels moved beyond the lemurs and far up north, they often became subject to material mutations. And not least, their functions and contexts of use were essentially altered. A frequent way of using Roman vessels in Scandinavia was as scenery earns. This paper discusses a few Roman vessels, mainly the so-called Vestland Codrons in Scandinavian contexts. My aim is to encourage more research on transformations over Roman vessels during their journeys in time and space, but also on how they tangibly have been active in changing local practices, material objects, and burial customs, and hopefully also social relations. We know too little about this. But there are some good examples for further inspiration. My survey therefore builds on earlier and recent literature, together with my own questions and some conclusions. Tradition labels the Vestland Codron as Roman input. But now scholars mainly agree that circulation of vessels is much more complex than to be used to general inputs. Instead, we are used to keywords like encounters, search space, creolization, and hybridization of material things and of practices and customs. Influence is, of course, by post-colonial fields, not least Homi Baba, the location of culture, but also several other scholars. A few colleagues only have used these lines in the studies of Roman vessels in Scandinavia. Some a little more on the vessels. The Vestland Codrons were produced in Germania Inferior, most scholars think in Namur area, mainly during the third century AD. Metallurgical analysis show that some of them are made of copper and others of tin-bronst alloy. Originally, they most likely were for military canteens. At least 120, 130 of them are found in Scandinavia and mostly then used with cremations, occasionally in new intimations, and very seldom in hordes as a contrast to the continent. Their name, Vestland Codron, derives from the fact that most of them were first found in the western parts of Scandinavia, in western Norway. And the old archeologist Ingval Unset named them Vestland Codrons already in 1880. Scandinavian contexts of use of burial have been in the fourth to sixth centuries. So when used as urn, the vessels were old, maybe about 200 years old. Most found of Vestland Codrons were made long ago, and professional documentation in situ is not frequent. But to which burial cairns or mounds they belong is usually known. Vestland Codrons often are deposited in big mounds or cairns, often as secondary burials in old mounds, sometimes in mounds built already in the Bronze Ages. They're contents. This is an example of typical equipment, local bone and small metal seams, belt fittings and small copies of Roman coins as ceramics. And it varies very much. Bones, it's burnt bones of humans. Very few of them are osteologically examined, but they show a very wide variation in the biological gender and to age. Some of them are double graves, and many of them are mixed human bones and animal bones. And the most frequent animal is the bear. Bear claws is the most frequent animal representation in them. There are no weapons in these Vestland Codrons cremations. There are a few examples of bone arrows, but many scholars have named them working equipment instead of weapons, so I don't know. This is also another example of equipment where this basin was placed over the Codron with the bones. But my old colleagues took the burials apart, the seams apart and photographed it with separate seams. This is too early. The most extensive work on Vestland Codrons as an object is by also Darlene Huygen, who presented an additional new typology. There are many others, not least Eggers, or there are also many, many others. But these are maybe the two explicitly classic typology studies. So as many scholars have studied the typology and Codron types and forms, I thought I would focus on different aspects, ways in which Codron burials were constructed in detail. An important observation I first made in museums and in literature was that all of the Vestland Codrons with cremation residues are different to each other in display of materials and bones and in burial construction. This was also how I could relate them to the discussion of encounters between foreign and local and try to think of them as in a third space, a space where differentiation were changed and hybridisation could have taken place. It is very clear that the changed function and forms in many ways, there are many material changes, some of the Codrons have got new ears, new handles, and many of them are patched many times, so many as 12 times. Some of the Codrons got a new bottom, and on some of the Codrons the neck is shortened, and so on, there are many small. I think there are repairs, reparations, but not only, I think also it is because there was an idea that the changed Codrons should be altered, taken care of and altered and got a new life until it was used in its last context, namely the burial. The issue of Roman import has traditionally been emblematic theme in Scandinavian archaeology, but around the change of millennium a few younger scholars took up this post-colonial inspiration, not least Therios de Gord, Lotta fanstort Frederick Ekingren, to name some of the most important names in Scandinavian context, and I think they also were inspired by Peter van Domelen and Jane Webster, who were very early on taking up colonization discussions and hybridization and creolization in the Roman burial, in the Roman context, just outside and in the Lemus area. But the ideas of material influence is not new. There were some older archaeologists who had the ideas that Western Codrons were changed and that they were hybrid in some way. For example, one of the Nestor old archaeologists Anders Loran in Norway thought that the Western Codron was produced in Norway and by the influence of impulses from the Roman Empire, combined with influences from local ceramic pots. Another among the old archaeologists, Håkon Sjetelig, excavated one of the Codrons with cremations and he named it, in fact, a hybrid burial custom. That was because he thought it was hybrid because the bones were cleaned and the Codron was surrounded by ashes and burnt bones. There was a combination of two burial customs in thought and therefore it was a hybrid burial custom. Yes, and I think this was a very good idea but the old archaeologists did not tell from where they had their ideas of hybridity. But as you think that Sjetelig's work was published in 1912, it must be suspected that he had some influence from general cultural history, thoughts about hybrids and races and such things. Maybe we do not know but I think there could have been some influences. So there are many threads to take up and to go on with. I have chosen to look a little more on a lot of fanstots. A good example from Feklinge in eastern Sweden. She has studied this in detail. It's not the Western Codron, it is an Apollo-Granus vase used as an iron in Scandinavia and she thought of the whole process of making this into a very long creolization process. She is the very first one in Scandinavia to take this term to this group of imports. This is another example. This is the so-called Eastern Codron. This is also a Roman temple vessel in Scandinavia used as an arm. There is also a question of how this Codron form could have influenced other forms such as ceramic pots. You could say that some of these ceramic pots have a similar profile as the Western Codrons and you could say that this little silver cup also has a small Western Codron. But it might be a fantasy, I don't know. So, to sum up, my summary and prospects are that my aim is to participate in a discussion of Roman influences far north of the lemurs. We have substantial knowledge about the number of vessels and the local ways of use in Scandinavia but less knowledge about specific encounters in which vessels are involved and under impacts on social conditions. There is therefore a gap in knowledge about how Roman muscle influences social relations in Scandinavia. This is such as organizational practices in the preparation and cremation of the deceased and in construction of a grave and about burial work according to social relations, gender, age and skills. But it is obvious that such small encounters, their materialities and their negotiations are very important to generate changes in social conditions traditionally supposed to have affected Roman iron edges in Scandinavia. Locals with Western Codrons, used with cremations, are usually far away from the rich Danish context, of course, and also far away from the Scanians, such as Uppokra and as we just saw from Ireland and Gotland context, they are very, very different and maybe poor in comparison, in comparison to them. They are just different and I just want to talk about difference. It is generally recognized that Northern Scandinavia was of interest to the continent because of the fur-bearing animals and that it should be reasonable and reasonable explanation why Roman vessels are found far north, in North Sweden, in not so much in Northern Norway and not much in Northern Finland, but in Northern Middle Sweden, there are a few of them. But they do not know much about how, on the details of how they came up to the north or Middle part and how they were changed social relations. To get more detailed knowledge about how difference Scandinavian areas related to the Roman Empire, I think it's fruitful to continue detailed study of small contexts and practices and look for differences and variation to be compared to each other between sides. I tried a practice approach in my earlier studies. They gave some knowledge about details in burial constructions, but not much on how encounters looked like. This is still a big question. My investigation tried to change an approach and in methods by analysis of practices and differences between load scales. I think that the better development of relational perspectives on contexts with Roman vessels in Scandinavia is an interesting challenge. Combined with approaches already present like good frameworks like context of action and chenuporatoir and such useful good approaches and frameworks already tried in other contexts. I think except to those earlier studies, a lot of fanstools in Östigård and Fredrik Ekengren, studies on columns in Scandinavia are rather traditional. So there is quite an interesting field to go into with some of the new theories and methods of how to study practices and social action. So I think this is the most, the content or what I would like to say. So thank you very much.


For chairman of the Independent National Electric Commission, Mahmoud Yakubu has stated that the acquisition of sensitive and non-sensitive materials for all elections remains the sovereign responsibility of the federal government of Nigeria. Yesterday, this adeclosure of phase one and the launch of phase two of the European Union's support to democratic governance in Nigeria held at the International Conference Center, Abuja. Yakubu said that INEC was a key beneficiary of the first phase of the program conceived under the National Indicative Programme 2014 to 2020, adding that the commission received various support, mainly in the areas of training and capacity building for staff, engagement with stakeholders, voter education and public enlightenment and the promotion of inclusivity. The electoral campaign restarted two weeks. As a friend of Nigeria, we would like to see peaceful and issues-based campaigns and we encourage all stakeholders to take a firm stance against violence and against its beach. As the largest democracy in Africa, elections in Nigeria matter. They matter to Nigerians and Nigerians, they also matter for Africa. The commission will continue to work with the EU, our development partners and all electoral stakeholders to ensure the sustainability of our electoral reforms until we assure Nigerians that the votes will continue to count. The EU has been here, has not given force to the voiceless and given hope to the movement. Without this project, more women will not be achieved. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news, please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


We need to talk Yeah, but what well, I noticed you haven't been drinking much lately trend stage shape Canada today's coming up. I need you in drinking shape Canada today. That's right I'm gonna need your help man I'll show you how it's done A special Canada day edition of frightfully forgotten doing something a little different today We're gonna take two Canadian movies to be released on the same year both starring Jamie Lee Curtis And we're gonna pin them against each other and see which is actually the better film terror train and prom night Which both came out in 1980 before we get started. What are we drinking can't forget that? Dragon of the black pool black logger Terror train is directed by Roger spot us would and he also directed Turner and Hooch And of course stars Jamie Lee Curtis David Copperfield the magician He's super young in this too. Like he looks like he's just a kid Oh, yeah, the 90s TV specials make like a plane Disappear that big hangar and you do the magic on the TV You touch the TV with me. Yeah. Yeah, and it would always work. Yeah, it's like whoa Just blow your mind prom night was directed by Paul Lynch Jamie Lee Curtis stars in it Leslie Nielsen is in it and Jeff win-caught is in it too terror train the plot Frat kids celebrating New Year's Eve. They're all talking about we got to get Kenny laid Yeah, they lead him up to this kind of weird room in this house all these lights flashing and stuff lead Kenny to the Bedroom and there's a corpse in there.  They just leave yeah, and they just leave they They don't even try to help anything like don't even touch her to try to wake her up to see if she actually is It fast-forward six years later, and they're all grown up now, and they're in high school one by one They keep getting phone calls by somebody to delete changing his voice. Yeah New Year's evil It's the anniversary of Robin's death, and it's also prom night at the school and so While they're at the school all the kids they start getting killed off one by one by a mysterious stranger in a Belliclava case so which movie is better? They sound very similar just by quickly running down the plot So we're gonna break down all the different points of the movies and see which one comes out on top terror train The plot in general is kind of the same as prom night It's kind of more of a revenge tale and terror train you do know who the killer is You pretty much figure and everyone else on the train figures to that it is Kenny Who is Kenny because it's a costume party. Yeah, where is Kenny in all these costumes? Yeah, you could be anywhere Yeah, there is a little bit of a twist is when you find out who Kenny is like oh That was him all along right there, you know for a prom night The plot is similar But nothing happened to the killer per se out for revenge on somebody else's part And you don't know who it is right whereas in terror train you do Prom nights more of a mystery in terror trains more of just a straight-on slasher So the characters in terror train I believe that they are a lot more memorable than in prom night They really have this kind of close-knit feel you gonna really get the idea that they are truly friends And they've all been going to school together for years and they're a lot more believable Right, yeah for their part for their age group. Yeah, now you believe that these are college students in prom night It's kind of the opposite. I don't believe for a minute that any of these kids are in high school They're kind of boring. There's not a lot to them the acting now in terror train is pretty damn good There's not one performance, and I'm like, ah I don't believe that guy or that guy sucks. I believe everybody. They're all very good one standout character the conductor Yeah, he's really good. He's really good in this.  Oh, no the acting for prom night is Kind of subpar. It's not shitty, but it's also not great besides Lizzie Nielsen. Yeah, you barely even has any lines I don't like give that guy some dialogue or like good dialogue at least he's all lame when he's dancing The setting for terror train is great You know, it's a train at night and when it shows those night shots of the train taken off from the station and it's foggy out And you can see all steam from the train and then on the train itself is neat because each car almost has a different look its own theme Right very claustrophobic because you're on a train and there's a killer on the loose Where are you gonna go exactly anywhere if you were to jump off the train and survive You'd eventually freeze to death because it's freezing out there. Yeah for prom night. The setting is Pretty basic most of it takes place at the school. There's not much special about it really school Yes, it's just a school, but there's a lot of disco Besides the disco dance, that's the most colorful vibrant part of the movie.  She's got some good kicks Yeah, yeah, they obviously spent a lot of time working out that sequence. That's right So the kills for territory and actually they're not really all that great There's not many of them and they're not all that gory, which is fine You know, you know, it doesn't need to be a big gore fest You more see the aftermath David Copperfield in that box and that trick He's his own trick all with all those knives Jamie Lee Curtis his boyfriend. He's just suddenly just dead. Yeah, just sitting there and he just suddenly you just did Yeah, when they're watching a show yeah kills in prom night are actually far better Yeah, and terror train the wicked head chop at the end there. Yeah, and then it's all upright too on the plat Yeah, and it looks great because it's really his head right exactly the next category is the killer himself Terror trained it's the killer is great And you find out the Kenny was actually the magician's assistant Yeah, like a woman at the Kenny is a woman now All right, or at least dressed as a woman or pretty cool or posing as one which is neat and when you see him You know it takes off the wig and stuff He looks creepy and the fact that the killer actually dons different masks throughout the movie is neat You know first the groucho marks mask and then he's in that lizard suit Yeah, and that old man mask, you know for prom night the killer is Kind of shitty in this It's just the girl's brother. Yeah, and he's just wearing like a bella clava Yeah, there's not much more to say really which leads us to the climax of the movie so terror train has a great climax that thing is actually kind of like a double climax and The fight to the Jamie Lee Curtis has with the killer is great I love it like when she's in that kind of cage You think the killer is dead, but he's not and he's like outside the train because you kind of you thought that he fell off or whatever And then you see him like through the window He's gonna like crawling on the side of the train and there's another kind of fight at the end So it's actually like a double climax which is neat. It's great. I love it. Yeah It's really good in prom night. There is a pretty good fight scene at the end like on the disco floor there It's not as poignant as terror train. It's not as claustrophobic Yeah, it's more open and you don't really get a feeling of any right watching it It's just it's happening and but that's about all yeah the terror train climax more suspenseful exactly Yeah, and our last category is Jamie Lee Curtis herself as the final girl or Main character which movie is she better in yeah, I really liked her in terror train I think that her character is a bit more thought-out and well-developed the relationship her character has with the other Characters is a bit more fleshed out in prom night. It's a little more one-dimensional, right? Yeah, she does have that feud with the other girl over the boyfriend the movie itself overall Doesn't really play into Jamie Lee Curtis's skills. Yeah, as well as it could besides the disco dance besides the disco dance Yeah, she's pretty awesome. So the best Canadian slasher starring Jamie Lee Curtis that came out in 1980 is Terror train. Yes. It is a superior movie. I think overall, you know if it wasn't for the disco dance and the Decapitation at the end of prom night.  You know, yeah Yeah, there's not a whole lot. I mean the kills are good But the movie can't stand just on the kills right there's has to be a lot more to it And yeah prom night's pretty basic. It's pretty bare bones Yeah, if you need a good horror movie to watch on Canada day, and you need to choose just one well watch terror train Yeah, exactly. You won't be disappointed.   Yeah, exactly I keep thinking who's gonna clean all this up all these guys are making a big mess and all this puke Confetti and booze and glasses like that conductor guy. Yeah. Oh my god As usual the way it just ends up in July we just tend to cover a whole bunch of Canadian movies Yeah, we start with July 1st on Canada Day and we roll throughout the month And so stay tuned next week for another Canadian themed episode damn straight and until then Keep drinking hard Canadian style


Hi, I'm Zor. Welcome to a new Zor education. I'd like to solve a couple of problems in solid geometry today. It's about pyramids. We have already solved certain number of problems, some of them with little tricks maybe, and this one actually there are two problems here. Originally, I wanted to introduce only the second one, but then I decided that the first one would be really a good introduction into the second. Well, obviously as usually I encourage you to try to solve these problems just by yourself. They're all presented on unizor.com website and that's where I suggest you to which to select you from because there are notes and notes in this particular case is basically the conditions of the problem itself with an answer. Answer is very important for you if you want to just solve it yourself. So, you will check your answer for correctness. So, I will tell you why I have introduced the first one when I will start the second problem in this lecture. So, let me start from the first one, which is not really very difficult at all. Okay. What do we have? We have right rectangular prism. Okay. A, B, C, D is lower base. A prime, B prime, C prime, D prime is upper base and the sides. So, if it's a right rectangular prism, I need three dimensions. The base is a rectangle. So, it should be X and Y, widths and lengths or depths, whatever, and height would be Z. So, X, Y and Z are three numbers, which basically completely define right rectangular pyramid. So, that's the beginning.  I will do this. I will connect B and B prime and D prime, B prime and C, A and C, and B prime and A, and A and D prime. Is that it? No? One more. Okay. So, what I would like to do is there are eight different vertices in this right rectangular prism. I choose four, this, this, on the top base, and this and this on the bottom. And I will cut basically all other corners. Corner A prime, corner C prime, corner B and corner D, which is behind. So, I have a triangular pyramid left. I hope you see it. Let's consider B prime as its top. A, D prime, C as its base. And you have three edges, side edges, B prime, A, B prime, D and B prime, C. Now, what I would like to know is the volume of this pyramid, which is inside this prism in terms of X, Y and Z. Now, if I will try to find out its volume, just based on its own dimensions, and basically I know all the dimensions. For instance, AC is a diagonal of a rectangle X by Y, which means I know the length of AC, which is square root of X square plus Y square by the theorem, by the Pythagorean theorem. And same thing every other. So, every edge of this pyramid is basically a diagonal in the corresponding rectangle. So, I know basically all the dimensions. But it would be very difficult for me to find out its volume because I have to find out somehow the area of the base, which is AC, D prime. Well, I can do it because I know three dimensions of the sides and I can use the heron's formula for the area of triangle. But to find out the altitude of this pyramid, which is perpendicular from B prime to a plane defined by A, D prime and C would be kind of difficult, I would say. So, it's difficult. But what's easier, well, easier is to take the volume of the entire pyramid and subtract these four Pyramid, which I cut out because I'm cutting out also Pyramid. Like, for instance, from the C prime, I'm cutting the Pyramid, which has apex at C prime and the base at C B prime D, this triangle. Why is it easier? Well, because the volume of this Pyramid is much easier to calculate. Look, I know that this is also X, right? This is X. This is X. This is X. This is Y. This is Y. And this is Y. This is Z. This is Z. This is Z. And this is Z. So, this is a Pyramid, which has a right triangle as a base. And I know the altitude because this C C prime is perpendicular to the base, which is C prime B prime D prime. So, it's much easier to calculate the volume of this piece. And same thing with every other. Now, let's just think about every other. Well, let's start from this one and then we'll go to two others. What's the, for instance, volume of this Pyramid? It's one third, right? Area of the base, which is X by Y, two category of the right triangle. So, it's X, Y divided by two times altitude, which is Z, which is one sixth, well, X, Y, Z divided by six. Now, let's take any other Pyramid. Let's say the Pyramid, which has an apex B, which I'm cutting out B and the base A, C, B prime. No, sorry, A, C, D prime. Am I right? No, no, no, no. A, C, B prime. I was first the first time. So, the B is apex. And I'm cutting off the Pyramid, which has this apex and the base A, C, B prime. Same thing. The base is X by Y, right triangle. So, it's one third X, Y divided by two. And the altitude is again Z. So, again, we have X, Y, Z divided by six. So, one, two. Then this Pyramid, which I'm cutting out, A prime is apex and A, B prime, D prime is the base. Same thing. I can use the A, D prime, B prime as the base and A prime A as an apex, as an altitude. And I will have again X by Y over two. This is Z and one third. It will be exactly the same thing. So, all four Pyramids, which I'm cutting out, have this particular volume. So, there are four of them. One has an apex at A prime, C prime, B and D, which is from that side, from behind. I can consider D as an apex and then the A, D prime, C as a base. But again, I will turn it on the side. So, my base would actually be A, D, C and apex would be D, D prime. Same thing with everyone. So, all of them, there are four of them. So, it's four times XYZ divided by six, which is two-third XYZ. Two XYZ divided by three. That's the volume, which I'm cutting out. Okay, great. So, what's the volume of the original prism? Well, it's obviously X times Y, which is the base times Z. So, I have to subtract from XYZ. I have to subtract to third XYZ and the result would be XYZ divided by three. So, the volume of this particular pyramid inside is XYZ divided by three. Let's just remember this and this is the end of the first problem. And now I'm ready to go to the second problem. Now, but before that, let me just mention one thing in this particular case. Look at this interesting pyramid, which is, let's say, having D prime as an apex and A, C, D prime as a base. Well, it's a tetrahedron, right? So, let's consider, for instance, sides, it ages B prime, D prime and A, C. Now, B prime, D prime is a diagonal in this rectangle. A, C is also a diagonal in a rectangle, which is the lower base. Now, these two rectangles are the same and since they are rectangles, their diagonals are the same. I mean, they look different because there's different projections, but if you just look from the top, it will be a rectangle and two diagonals are equal to each other, right? So, what I have here, I have an interesting property of this particular pyramid. Opposite sides, C, D and B prime, D prime are equal in lengths. Same thing with any other two opposite sides, which belong to two opposite rectangles of the prism. For instance, side B prime, A and compare it with C, D prime. Now, B prime, A is on the front face and C, D prime is on the back face of the prism. Now, these two faces, D prime, C prime, C D is one rectangle and A prime, B prime, B A is another rectangle. Rectangles are the same. So, diagonals are the same. They're just two different diagonals. This is this way and this is and this is this way. So, they are the same. So, these opposite sides in this particular tetrahedron, C D prime and A B prime exactly have the same length. So, that's another pair and obviously the third pair is obviously on the same level. It's A G prime comparing to C B prime. So, this is on the right face and this is on the left face. Two faces are the same rectangle so their diagonals are the same. So, this particular pyramid has an interesting property that every pair of opposite sides and opposite means they're not really related to each other. They're on opposite sides of this prism. They're all equal in lengths. This to this, this to that and this to this. And that's the end of the first problem with this commentary and now let me go to the second problem. Second problem is the following. Given a pyramid which has this particular property that the opposite sides are the same. So, I have pair A, B and C are three different sizes. So, for instance, A B prime equals to A and so is C D prime. Now, let's say A C is equal to B and so is B prime D prime. And finally A D prime equals C. It's on the left and C B prime on the right. So, let's say we have this particular pyramid and I would like to find its volume in terms of A, B and C. Well, when I was trying to solve this problem, forget about the first problem for a second with this prism, etc., I just have this pyramid. I was trying to solve it and I was actually thinking for quite some time. I tried different ways. Something like direct approach. I mean, if I know these six edges of this pyramid, I can somehow calculate basically the area of one of the bases, for instance, again using the Heron's formula. And then to evaluate the altitude, I really have to do a lot of work.  For instance, within the face A, B prime, D, I have to find out what's the height of this, what's the altitude of this triangle, then have a B projected down. I mean, it's really complicated calculations. I wasn't able to get through. So, I was basically at the loss. I didn't know what to do. I was thinking maybe I should really extend this particular pyramid to a prism, but not right rectangular prism, like in this particular case, but just a prism when you can do this parallel line. So, let's say if you have this pyramid, you can draw parallel line here. So, it will be like entire new prism. Something here, here and here. Right? And here. Something like this. So, I was thinking maybe it would be easier to solve the problem if I will just create this prism. I will triple the volume, obviously, right? Because the base is the same and the height is the same, but now this is the prism. So, the pyramid would be one-third of this. Now, is it a little easier? Maybe a little bit easier, but still I was not able to go through. And then, I was just doing something else and the problem, which is not this one, but similar problem, actually caught my eyes. And then I realized that in this particular problem with the prism and these vertices connected, the pyramid which came to be has this property of having opposite sides equal to each other, the same as in my problem. So, I was thinking that maybe if I can somehow convert my pyramid into this prism, then I can use basically something which I have just introduced in the problem number one as the calculation method. So, I think it's just interesting for anybody to see how somebody else is thinking. I mean, I was thinking using some direct approach, maybe some a little bit indirect, but still not exactly sufficient. And then they're completely different, which doesn't really come to mind easily. So, if you don't know anything about the first problem, if you just have the second problem, so you have a pyramid with opposite sides equal to each other like this, how can you get the volume? I mean, without knowing that it's possible to build a prism, which basically makes the whole job much easier to calculate the volume. It's difficult to come up. So, it's only when you are doing something else, your associative thinking actually comes to play. And well, it might just play in such a way that you basically realize that it can be used. And that's what happened with me quite frankly. I realized I can use. So, now the question is, can I, knowing just the pyramid, let's say B' is an apex and ACD' is the base, if I know just this pyramid, can I construct a prism which basically looks like my drawing right now? Well, I was thinking that actually it's not really very difficult. Here is how we can do it. Well, let's say we would like to construct the base of this prism. Now, I know the diagonal and if I would take this diagonal, which I also know, this is part of the pyramid edge, right? And bring it down parallel to itself. So, what I will do is I will take this midpoint of this AC future diagonal. So, I know AC, right? AC is edge of my pyramid. So, I take the midpoint and then I take the line, I construct the line which is parallel to B' and D', something like this, through this midpoint and measure the same lengths on both sides as I have here on both sides because the diagonals are equal to each other. I will get points B and D, right? Same thing on the top. If I will take the midpoint and draw a line parallel to AC through this point and measure equal parts on both sides equal to these parts, I will have points A' and C'. And now I have all 8 points of my prism. Now, the fact that this is a rectangle is obvious, right? Because I took two lines of equal size, which are intersecting right in the middle. And obviously, everything is all sides are equal and angles are right. I mean, it's very easy to prove. If you want to prove it, by the way, it's a good exercise on plane geometry. Now, so, I consider this as an obvious fact, which everybody knows how to prove. So, the top and bottom are rectangles, right? Now, I think, again, it's a good exercise for anybody to prove that these sides are also rectangles. And I don't want to spend right now the time on this because it's really kind of a simple thing. Just use the plane theorems of Pythagorean theorems or whatever. And now, having built this particular prism, I know the volume of this pyramid inside in terms of x, y and z. What I do not know is, I do not know the volume in terms of A, B and C. But they are very close related to each other, right? I mean, I can always say that x square plus y square is equal to x square and y square is A, C square, which is what? B square. Now, x square plus z square is A, B prime, which is A square. And finally, y square and z square, y square plus z square is equal to C, B prime, C, B prime, and c square. So, this is a system of three unknown variables, x, y and z. System of three equations with three unknown variables. I obviously can find out what they are. Very easy. Well, let's first do it this way. If I will summarize all three of them, I will have twice x square, twice y square and twice z square, right? So, I will have x square plus y square plus z square times two. And that will be the sum of this. So, if I will divide it by two, I will have this. Now, knowing sum of three, I can subtract from this sum of three, let's say, sum of these two only and I will get the x square, right? So, x square would be equal to sum of all three, which is A square plus B square plus c square over two minus sum of these two, y square plus d square, which is c square. Now, y square would be same thing, sum of all three minus. To get y square, I have to subtract x square and z square, which is minus A square. And same thing with z square is equal to A square plus B square plus c square over two minus B square, right? So, now, since I know x square, y square and z square, I can have the volume. And the volume is equal to square root of, well, one-third, square root of x square, x square, y square, z square, right? That's what it is. Let me just do it a little bit more accurately. Again, volume is equal to divided by three, square root of x square times y square plus z square. Now, why do I need square root and square of these? Well, because I know what is x square, y square, and z square. I don't know what x, y, and z. So, I have to use the square root, right? So, which is, now, let me just, this expression, let me just use letter m for this. So, it would be square root of m minus A square, m minus B square, m minus C square divided by three, where m is this. So, everything is in terms of A, B, and C, the volume. Well, what lessons should we actually learn from this particular problem? Sometimes, a very unusual approach can really simplify the problem significantly, because if you will try to do it, like, directly with calculations, etc., I'm almost positive that you will not be able to do it. Even if you know how to do it, let's say, you have a system of three equations with three unknowns, but they are all, like, square roots, squares, cubes, whatever. It's basically unsolvable in a reasonable amount of time. But if you do something really artificial, if you just come up with an idea which will help you to simplify the problem, that would probably be the right solution. Now, how can you come up with this solution? Quite frankly, I wasn't able to until something else prompted me. So, what's very important in this case, as a lesson, is to know that the more problem you solve, the more different associations you actually produce. For n problem you solve, you have almost like n square, the order of n square, different associations between them, or even more than that. So, it all depends on how your fantasy is working. So, you always have to have, as your repertoire, a set of approaches. So, now you probably can think about it this way. Okay, if I have some pyramid, maybe I will convert it into another more palatable, more understandable object, like in this case, right rectangular prism, which would help me to achieve the goal which I want. So, that's very, very important as a lesson from this particular problem. I would suggest you to do these two problems again, just by yourself. And well, basically, try to put it in writing in very accurate thing, maybe with a nice drawing, much better than whatever I do this, maybe in two colors. I was trying to put blue color for the pyramid, but I'm not sure how well visibility is on the video. But in any case, that's what I do suggest you to do, and I hope you will succeed. So, thanks very much and good luck.