In this video, we're going to explain collections in Blender. To do that, we're going to try and separate our scene into two groups, one for characters and one for background objects. Collections are similar to what you might call layers or groups in other software. Each collection in your scene can hold objects of any kind for the purposes of organization and or rendering. You can also have collections within collections for further organization. In fact, that's what's already being done as the scene collection acts as the parent collection for all collections in a scene as you can see here. Now to start us off, let's make a scene that makes sense for our purposes. What we want to do is separate our scene into character objects and background objects. I'm going to go ahead and scale this cube up until we're inside of it. This will be our environment or background. Then I'm going to add a new object, monkey. This monkey, also known as Suzanne, will act as our character. If you take a look at the Outliner, you can see that our monkey has already been added to our existing collection. Whenever you add objects in the 3D viewport, keep in mind that they will be added to whatever collection you have selected at the time. In case you can't see any objects in your Outliner, your collection may be collapsed down to a single line. This is done by clicking this arrow on the left of the collection name. Then we click this arrow again to expand it. For hotkey users, you can press the plus and minus keys on the number pad. So let's try and move our character into a character collection. Well for that, there are a few ways to do it. But one of the quickest ways is to simply select the object and right click for a context menu. Under this menu, you'll see the Move to Collection option. If you click that, you'll be presented with a few choices. If we choose Scene Collection, this will bring our monkey out of its current collection. This is not what we want, and the only existing collection we see in this list is the one the monkey is already in. What we want is the New Collection option. So let's go ahead and click that and name our new collection Character. Quick tip to confirm the name after typing, simply hit Enter twice. Now if you look at our Outliner, you can see that our monkey is in our character collection. For hotkey users, you can press M as in Move to bring the same Move to Collection menu for whatever object or objects you have selected. Another way you can add an object to a new collection is to create an empty collection first. To do this, simply right click any empty space in the Outliner and click New. This will create a new collection within the Scene Collection. If instead of empty space, you right click a collection name, it will create a new collection within the collection you right clicked. For hotkey users, you can simply hover over the Outliner and press C to create a new collection in the Scene Collection. And if you happen to have a collection already selected, your new collection will appear under the selected collection. Fun fact, you can create as many collections as you like. You can rename collections at any time by double clicking or control clicking their names in the Outliner. So let's go ahead and rename our new collection as BG or Background. We can then move our cube, which is our background object, to our background collection in the viewport with the same Move to Collection menu, or the M hotkey, and then selecting the now existing background collection from the menu. Or we can use the Outliner and simply left click drag the object to the background collection. Now that we have our character object and background object in their respective collections, you can check and uncheck each collection to toggle their visibility. This will turn them off during render as well for the view layer you have selected. To quickly show you how view layers work with collections, I will create a new view layer up here. As you can see, the checked or unchecked state of each collection is unique to each view layer. But what about our light and camera objects? Let's say we want to have these objects in both the background and character collections so that they are visible whenever we isolate either one. However, when we try to move our objects to more than one collection, it doesn't work. While it is possible to link objects to more than one collection using the Shift M hotkey, a preferable way is to use collections within collections. Let's take a look at how that might work. First thing I'm going to do is rename our collection to car slash BG, car being short for character. If we were to simply drag the character and BG collections into our car slash BG collection, we can now toggle all collections within our car slash BG collection off or on with one check mark. But also keep the light and camera objects on while toggling the other two. Functionally, this achieves the same thing as adding the light and camera objects to both character and background collections. As you can keep the main collection enabled while toggling off the subcollections you don't want to include. If you do happen to use Shift M to link objects to multiple collections however, it becomes a bit harder to keep track of, as there will be duplicates in your outliner even though they represent the same object. However, if you do link an object to multiple collections like this, just know that you can remove the object from a collection by right clicking it in the outliner and selecting Unlink. Now that we have all of our objects in their proper collections, I want to explain a quick tip for when collapsing and expanding your collections. In case your outliner ever gets too busy, collapsing your collections can be very helpful. What's especially great is you'll notice a few icons next to the collection names. These icons represent what type of objects exist within each collection. For example, right now our character collection has only one object, but if you collapse the car slash BG collection, you'll see that it contains two collections, two meshes, one light, and one camera. This is very helpful for seeing at a glance what objects are within each collection in case you need a reminder. Now let's say for whatever reason, I want to delete this car slash BG collection. Deleting a collection does not delete the objects within the collection. For example, if we select the car slash BG collection in our outliner and hit the delete key, the collection is deleted but the objects within the collection are moved outside of that collection. As a final tip, in the outliner, you can press the eyeball icon to toggle on and off viewport visibility. This will not affect your renders, but will allow you to hide objects and collections while you work. For similar options, you can click this drop down menu in the top right hand corner to enable selectability toggles and more. And that's it for our collection overview. Collections are very powerful and the foundation of object organization in Blender.


Good afternoon, aside from expressing our gratitude to the Economic Forum for holding this meeting in this wonderful city of Medellin, allowing us to participate. I would like to thank President Santos very particularly. I received President Santos for the first time in Saville in April of 1992. That is only 24 years ago. He came as a delegate of President Gaviria to the Ibero-American meeting and the Ibero-American exhibition. I would like him to allow the honour to participate in this meeting because the protagonist is the president. This morning we heard him discuss the social and economic situation of Colombia and the prospects for Colombia and as part of that assessment, there is a topic that is much discussed. The report on the topic is not very good because it is difficult to come up with the right information and it is the topic that has created the greatest expectations for the international community. This morning I heard the president said that it was the oldest conflict in the region. If the region is understood from Río Bravo to Pataconia or from Canada to Pataconia, but if you don't want to overdo it but tell the truth, it is the oldest as an internal conflict if we consider the entire international community. So there are great expectations as I was saying. President, we would like to hear from you the assessment, the social, the economic prospects. Of course, mood is difficult to govern and I have learned something throughout my life that many times in politics is what people perceive as the truth. The truth is what people perceive. So we're not experiencing the best mood, the cycle has changed, the region is going through moments that are of relative difficulty no matter what the color of the government is and it is very difficult to really assert that Colombia is in an enviable position because it is growing at a third percent rate and any of the small and medium countries starting with mine would love to have such a type of growth but all the region would want to have that growth and again I talk about the region in the broad sense. President, I know that what is creating most tensions has to do with the peace process and I have been following you in your process for many years. We have spoken a lot about it and I have many hopes that are against the mood that prevails. So thank you very much, Felipe, and thank you very much for joining us in this opportunity, in this very important event and if there is somebody who knows Colombia and who knows the different attempts that have been made at achieving peace in Colombia, precisely Felipe Gonzales since or from the presidency of Spain and then as a very influential individual, he has had a relationship with all the presidents who in Colombia have attempted to achieve peace. He was speaking about the economy and I will refer very briefly to the economy in particular for our international guests. Colombia is very clear about its destination where we are headed in economic terms. We have policies, tenets that rule those policies, fiscal responsibilities, social advancement, principles that have helped us adjust to the shock brought about by the oil prices and the commodities and the effect of these oil prices has been managed very efficaciously by Colombia. We are still growing poverty is diminishing and this morning we had a very positive piece of news. We have now news about the growth of the industry and it was 8.4 percent. So this again confirms what we have been saying and it is that this devaluation and this lowering of the oil prices came at the right time because we were coming close to what we call the Dutch disease, too much dependence on the mining and energy sector and we are going to avail ourselves of this opportunity to strengthen the rest of the economy, the service sector, the industry and proof of that is precisely the figure about which we heard this morning. We are committed to maintaining that path that we set for ourselves with the fiscal rule. We are committed to maintaining the social policy in order to continue to lower the figures of poverty for the first time. Colombia has a large middle class, a greater than the poverty class that is unprecedented. We want to continue to grow the middle class because therein will lie the stronghold of the economy in the future. We continue to integrate the Pacific Alliance continues to be stronger. We have the next summit on July the first in Chile. That has also been a very positive factor because that is where the four countries come together, the four countries that have had the best performance in Latin America and that is why we know where we are headed. We are clear about it. We are fully aware that we need to pass in Congress a tax reform that will lower the level of taxing for those people who are paying very high taxes. We want to broaden the base of taxpayers and maintain the fiscal revenue of the nation and therefore maintain the balance that we have managed to achieve over the past few years. Another very important point that will help us with the economic performance, and it was mentioned by Felipe, is the most important thing that faces us right now and it is putting an end to a 50 year old conflict. Allow me very briefly to give you an overview of this process which started five years, five and a half years ago. I had just taken office. It was in my mind. I mentioned it in my inaugural speech. I said that the key piece was not at the bottom of the sea that it was in my pocket and that I would open it to the extent that I found that the conditions were the right ones. Which conditions were a prerequisite in order to have some degree of optimism in this attempted making peace? Well, on the one hand, in every conflict in the world today, it is very important to have a committed region, a region that is committed to the solution of the conflict. When I came to the presidency, our relationships with our neighbors were very poor, so I decided that we should fix those relations as a prerequisite to have a successful process. Another very important condition was to realize that the other party has the willingness to reach a peace agreement, something that was non-existent in the past, that was achieved with military strength. It was achieved by shifting the correlation of forces, of military forces, because some years back we had a situation of inferiority. In Karwan, for example, at that time the guerrillas believed that they could take power through the weapons, but that changed and we have been unrelenting in the military because that is a prerequisite in order to achieve a negotiated peace from a strong position of force. I am told that I am very close to FARC. It's some sort of a criticism to the process. I really do not understand. Close neighbor called me the executioner because nobody has beaten them so hard because the number one, the number two leaders have fell, 63 of the commanders have fell, and that is what finally allowed us to sit down to the table when they realized that they would never come to power through force. Given those prerequisites and those conditions we decided to set for ourselves a roadmap that was realistic, that was imbued with dignity, in these circumstances that is very important and the military know that the other party needs an exit with dignity. We need to build for them a silver bridge or the golden bridge and something that would be totally acceptable for the people of Colombia. So one of the first announcements that were made when we made this process public was that this indeed should be endorsed by the people and it will be endorsed through a plebiscite. At that time and with the help of international advisors and friends, they told me 50% of a negotiation is the agenda. You need to probe these people about their will to reach an agreement and you can do that by determining if they can reach an agreement around an agenda and do it in secret and that's what we did. We negotiated the agenda for two years in secret. It contained six items and we made it public in October or November of 2012 and that is where the negotiation started. So very briefly, which are those items on the agenda, the first one and around which there is an agreement already is called comprehensive rural development, which is no different than what needs to be done with the rural areas that have been neglected by the state precisely because the armed conflict has happened in the rural areas over the past 50 or even 100 years. So it is very backward. Therein is concentrated poverty. There is inequality and there is backwardness in the rural areas and what we agreed upon was a plan. A plan to invest more in the rural areas to do what we should do with or without the FARC. We are not going to expropriate. We are not going to build Soviet communes. Nothing of the sort. We are just going to build more roads, more schools, more hospitals. We are going to bring loans and we are going to bring the state and not only for FARC but for all the farmers and peasants because that's another myth. People believe that we are going to be developing a policy just for the FARC and that the other peasants are not going to receive anything. We have agreed upon something that will benefit all the farmers, all the people who work the land in Colombia. The second point or item is political participation. It is no different than strengthening democracy. Democracy consists of a series of institutions and institutions have to adapt to new circumstances to new times and that is why they need permanent renewal. Democracy per se is imperfect so we always need to find a way to strengthen it and that is what we agreed upon. Under that second item one consideration is to give more guarantees to the opposition and that is something that is required in every democracy. The opposition wants more representation for areas that have been underrepresented in power and that is what we have negotiated under that second item on political participation. The third very important item for us who, well us in Colombia, a country that has paid a huge price in the war on drugs declared by the UN 40 years ago and we're trying to change the approach on this war on drugs which we have not won after 40 years and which Colombia has been a victim of. We have paid the highest price of any other country in the world in this war on drugs. It has been the fuel of all the manifestations of violence in this country and I insisted a lot on including drug trafficking because I was also aware that the guerrillas derived their funding from drug trafficking and they recognize it of course they don't like it when we call them drug traffickers because they say that they are not drug traffickers but they do acknowledge that they have derived their funding from drug trafficking. So this was a very important point because in all the attempts that Colombia has made and Colombia has been considered successful in the struggle against drug trafficking but nonetheless we continue to be the primary exporter of cocaine to the international markets. Why precisely because of the presence of the armed conflict because every time we go to those areas where coca grows our armed forces are received with the might of the weapons and the landmines of the guerrillas they finally take over they eradicate coca plants but since they cannot stay in the area forever they leave the military leave and then the next day the farmers come in again with more productive cultivars varieties. So this is like a static bicycle where you where you peddle and peddle and get nowhere but now we can because without that military might and with the FARC committed to collaborating with the substitution of illegal crops with legal crops for the first time we will have an opportunity to reduce this problem of drug trafficking and production in Colombia. The fourth item and the most challenging and the most important is the victims. This is the first process that places the victims in the center of the solution of this conflict. Why did we do this? Because first of all we have more than 8 million victims identified. If we needed if we wanted lasting peace we had to consider the victims and put them in the limelight. Moreover from the point of view of the solution of an armed conflict that should be permanent we need to heal the wounds of a war that has lasted for so long. And we started before the conflict is over we have already started to redress the victims. We passed a law on redress of the victims and land restitution. The secretary general of the UN said that this had never been done before and so far 600,000 victims have been redressed physically. The country that has given reparation to the largest number of victims in the history of this planet after an armed conflict had not given reparation to more than 20% of what we have done already. So they are at the center of the solution now. And we designed the negotiation around the respect for the rights of the victims, the right to truth. And we set up a commission of truth. Truth is what most of the victims want. Where is my daughter? Where is my son? Why was he killed? Why were these atrocities committed? So it's a very important thing to do in order to heal the wounds. The second right, the right to reparation to redress. This is what we're doing, individual and collective reparation. The third, very, very important point, which is that the crux of any negotiation has to do with justice. And what was the attitude that we adopted? We said we are going to look to transitional justice designed precisely to solve armed conflicts like the conflict in Colombia. And within that framework of transitional justice that Felipe says that needs to also be transactional to achieve within it the maximum justice that we can in order to achieve peace. And that is how we came to the negotiations. And for the first time in history, the two parties in the conflict managed to design a justice. Usually, the justice is imposed by the UN or a third country. But not only that, it's the first time that a guerrilla group, that an insurgent group agrees to decommission weapons and to turn themselves over to justice. That has been established already. The those who are responsible for crimes against humanity will be investigated, prosecuted, convicted and punished. So this is not a peace with impunity. There is no such thing. There is no impunity. And what we agreed upon meets the minimal international standards. The Treaty of Rome, we are the first negotiation under the Treaty of Rome under the oversight of the International Criminal Court. And we are complying with those minimum requirements. And also we are meeting the requirements of our laws and constitutions. And we created a special jurisdiction, a very sweet, generous jurisdiction for peace. And many say that this is a precedent for the rest of the conflicts in the world, what the Colombians have done. And of course, the right of the victims to non-repetition, which is the what will guarantee that never again will these atrocities occur. And the fifth and the sixth items on the agenda have to do with the end of the conflict, what the British call the DDR, disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the guerrillas into civilian life. They are going to abandon their weapons and decommission their weapons under the oversight of the United Nations. And that is very important that the UN Security Council unanimously approved the mandate to the Secretary General. And the officials from the UN are already here in Colombia deploying their entire organization to monitor the decommissioning of the arms and the transition, the areas where they will concentrate, the way they will hand over the weapons and the timing. And a lot of progress has been made in that regard. In the next few days, I hope that that negotiation will be completed, how they will hand over their weapons to whom, where they will be concentrated, how many areas and for how long. And point number six or the six item on the agenda has to do with endorsement. That is to say that the people of Colombia will give their A or their no to what was negotiated. The plebiscite was selected. Why a plebiscite? Because any other route was impractical. The other one was a referendum and the referendum according to our own constitutional court cannot be presented as a whole. It has to be individual question by question. But imagine a referendum containing 100 questions. There's no possibility that it can succeed. So the plebiscite asks for a yes or a no to the agreements. And the plebiscite was given a threshold of 13.5 percent. Consultations with the people have a different, have a threshold of 15 people have criticized that it was brought down unanimously and abusively from 25 percent, sorry, down to 13.5 percent, but it was not so. This was an initiative passed in Congress in a very democratic way. 13.5 percent of the threshold has to do with the votes that need to approve what was negotiated. It doesn't have to do with the total number of votes. And what this does is force the people that are not in agreement to come to the polls in the past with the other system, abstention, which in Colombia has always been high, was used to defeat the initiative. So what we're trying to do here is to be more democratic because we do not allow the abstention to play in here. And 13.5 percent is equal to the 25 percent, which is the threshold for consultations, popular consultations. So there is no such abuse of democracy. The plebiscite has to be approved by the constitutional court. I hope that within the next few days the court will approve, will give its okay. And as soon as the plebiscite is approved, I am sure that the vast majority of Colombians will vote in favor of the plebiscite because, yes, people have said if the plebiscite is denied, we will be able to negotiate a better agreement. Please do not make that mistake. If we do not approve the plebiscite, we will go back to the state of war. It's as simple as that. It's not that we're going to go back to the table. We're going to go back to the state of war. Because people have wanted to say vote for the no, because that way we will get more years of jail for those who are guilty of crimes against humanity, and we will get a better negotiation. That is not true. The negotiation is a package. It's a bundle. Like with any negotiation, there are things where you need to compromise. And that is why I was mentioning also transactional justice as part of transitional justice. And what we achieve is an excellent balance, I believe. I believe it will help us as a country to leave or to close that horrendous chapter of a 50-year-old war. There are families who have three generations that have been born in the gorillas. They are the sons, the daughters, the grandchildren of the gorillas. A society cannot take it anymore. We cannot take any more war. And that is why I am absolutely persuaded that we will come to the end. The conditions are there, and we will take that step to make sure that all of our western hemisphere, all of the Americas, may be considered a territory of peace.  So here for our dear guests, for entrepreneurs, the only thing that we are negotiating here is the transition of an armed group toward legal life. We are not negotiating our economic model, our democratic system, our armed forces, which was something that, in other countries, was the first thing that was negotiated. That is the way it happened in El Salvador, in Guatemala, where the insurgents said, well, our enemies, those that we have been combating since we are demobilizing should also demobilize. We did not even allow this to be part of the agenda of the negotiating table. Quite on the contrary, we are going to need strong armed forces, a more effective police force, because the Colombian terrain territory is still very large, very complicated, and we are going to have to ensure our sovereignty and the security of our citizens. And it will give us a great opportunity to free many soldiers and police officers who are fighting the war today to work on citizen security, public safety. So those of you who are afraid of what happened in El Salvador, where violence increased, things are quite different here. We will have many more resources, many more units, units referring here to the number of police officers and soldiers who are working on public safety, on the safety of everyday citizens in the cities and in the countryside. And we have done this with great rigor, very methodically. Every step that we have taken has been studied, analyzed. We accept some things and we don't accept others. And I think that for this reason, we are close to the end of this road. And once we have all the agreements, those people who are afraid today, those who are fearful, either because they have been misinformed or because they have grown so accustomed to war that change causes them some concern, will realize, as Mandela reminded us, that agreements need to be evaluated by what they say in black and white, not by what people say about the agreements, not by what the rumors say, or by what both parties have been trying to sell to the public throughout the process, once the process is over, once we adopt the procedure, since we have agreed that nothing is negotiated until everything is agreed when we finish a negotiation, which I expect will happen in the next few weeks. And we have the agreements at hand, and people understand then that what was negotiated is in fact acceptable, and it will bring nothing but benefits for the country. Once this happens, I believe there will be an avalanche of support for this process. And then we are going to begin a new stage in Colombia. We're going to truly start a peace-building process without killing each other. That is what we're negotiating right now. Thank you so much, Mr. President. And allow me to tell President Santos that this is the most complete explanation that I have heard about the process. And Mr. President, I want to offer a couple of comments before opening the floor for questions. My first comment about the first part of your intervention, and I'm referring now to Colombia, but I could be referring to Argentina after hearing President Macri and the region as a whole. The region is going through hard times.  It's reaching incredible levels. But the whole region is in difficulties. However, it's a region that has, I would say, an intercultural, inter-regional coexistence that isn't seen anywhere else. We're exempt of these problems. If this conflict is finished, and I hope this happens very soon, we're going to live under radically different expectations. This is a young region. And the region that I belong to, Europe, is aging. We are aging. We are getting too old. The demographic pyramid is misshapen. And I say this as a representative of this class of people, old people. I'm not referring to other old people, but myself. And sometimes I joke about this. In our agreement with Turkey, the 6 billion euros, so refugees are contained there. Well, what I tell people is, well, Europe is like full of men my age, who are aware that they've lost their sex appeal, and now they're trying to substitute it with a check appeal. And that doesn't work. Look, if Colombia and Latin America ask themselves, and we can ask ourselves many questions, our obligation as political leaders is to insert our countries in the best possible conditions into this phenomenon of globalization, economic, social, political, media globalization, and we have to ask ourselves, for example, about three strategic variables, under what conditions are we in the first of the three strategic variables, and Macri said this this morning, that is going to condition us for the future, which is the agricultural food business. We're going to have to feed 9 billion people very soon. And I can assure you that the Chinese leadership is worried about many things and pollution and so on. They're not going to allow China to go hungry again. They've done it once. They don't want to have that to happen again. So there is a strategic variable. Where would Colombia fit in? Where would Latin America fit in here? Second strategic variable, energy. Of course, we're going through a low oil price cycle, et cetera. And I don't want to fall into the demagogical temptation, but I feel that 40 years from now, even more than 40 years from now, half of the energy consumption necessary for the world will depend on fossil fuels. Even though on paper we can imagine anything else, we can talk about clean energy, but I feel that this is just going to be the case. And of course, we need to make changes due to climate change. But this is a reality. The third variable that affects the former two, what do we do with our human capital for research, development and innovation? What do we do with the young? Do we have that human capital? And I'll go back to the demographic argument. When they ask me about Europe, they say, well, how do you see Europe? Is it a museum or laboratory? That's a good question. And I am a Europeanist European. I wouldn't want us to lose our museum qualities, but I would be very, very concerned if what Europe has been in recent century, a laboratory for ideas and initiatives were to be lost. Well, Latin America has it and it has plenty of it. Another comment about this, Latin America in general and Colombia in particular are very well positioned to respond to those questions, developing its infrastructure and so forth. And about peace, how would we receive it? Well, Mr. President, your process over these few years, look, I began to be aware and I began to cooperate in peace attempts in Colombia under the Belisario Betancourt government, fully committed. And from then until now, and Samper just talked about it, every president of Colombia that I have met as a president, as a head of government, which I was for many years, as in the opposition, every single president has tried it. And in one way or another, in every peace process, I've been close to be prudent, sometimes more than close. And everyone has attempted it in good faith. More than 80% of the Colombian population has only known a state of internal war in their country. Can you imagine? They used to say this about guerrillas, more than 80% of the Colombian population. So one of the things that I understand, first of all, becoming more aware of the process and getting close to it, not because of my respect and even admiration for President Santos, who has dared to take this seriously. And it's not because it's President Santos, because it's happened to me with every single president. I've always been willing. I've always seen an absolutely good faith effort. And for the first time in my life, I see that a good faith effort is capable of achieving a final result for the first time. And to boot, because I've been doing this for many years, I understand that these are rough figures, around 80% of the population who want peace, say. And also 80% of the population or 20% of the population that mistrusts the negotiation, or rather 80% that mistrusts. How do you understand that? Well, understanding that mood is perfectly understandable, just because of the explanation that I've just given Mr. President. I've lived through Belisario de Tancura's attempt in the next one and the next one and the next one. And people start saying, we're never going to be able to talk with these guys ever. This will never end this conflict. In addition, negotiation processes are tremendously difficult, because in this networked society, in the internet era where everything has to be transparent, even pornography, well, in this society, a five-year negotiation has a multitude of interpretations. Everybody will draw their own conclusions. And those who are sitting sweating at the table, sweating, literally, because Havana is hot, like Cartagena, cannot be explaining themselves about every detail, especially under the commitment that you don't agree anything until everything is agreed. For this reason, we have what in philosophy we call the process arcana that is unknown. And if we don't know the details, we can invent them or say, recently I've heard people say, how much is peace going to cost? When I hear people doing a calculation, making calculations, first I find them obscene. And I say this with all the love I have for Colombia. But to continue, I say, did you ever sit down to calculate how much war costs in addition to the cost of human suffering? I can assure you that war is much more expensive. War. Declaring then, declaring war to war on poverty, or on internal displacement, or on hunger, or on the lack of education in children and health care. That is the war that we need to win. Even if it were more expensive than the destructive war, which is not true, it would still be worthwhile. For this reason, Mr. President, I am very hopeful that this will happen and I hope it happens soon. Moreover, I would like to encourage those who need to leave their boots behind and start asking for votes to see how many they can get to hurry up. Because what is true as part of everything that we hear is that managing peace is always more complicated than managing war. For that reason, we are in a hurry. We are in a hurry in every sense of the word. And we need to leave some time for questions. But, Mr. President, going against the grain, understanding that we are mired by a mood of concern and loss of confidence and so on. So going against the grain, against the current, I am perhaps more hopeful and more confident than ever. And I've been following this process for many years, for three and a half decades, out of the five decades of this conflict. And this is going to be achieved, and it's going to change that mood. We are going to have a Colombia in peace, a Colombia that is growing at 3 percent with an armed conflict. And with the lack of confidence that causes, can you imagine what is the potential growth without conflict? But I'm not measuring it in figures, please. Because the cost of a single human life cannot be measured in figures. It is more than that. So the truth is, Mr. President, despite everything, of course I want the peace process to be successful, which belongs to Colombians, not just to President Santos and much less so to the FARC. It is rather the right of every Colombian. I want it to be successful. And I also want your presidency to be successful for Colombia's sake, not only for peace, but because the country is on the pathway to modernity, to development, like no country in Latin America. Now, quick questions, otherwise they're going to kick us out, because the people at the world, the economic forum, are very serious, and we like to talk. So we need to be done in five minutes. Please ask some questions. Muchas gracias. Thank you very much. It is a privilege to be able to ask you this. And it says a lot about both of you, that you open the possibility for strangers like me to address you with questions. President Santos, it strikes me sometimes your proposal does. I would say many can opposition between either peace or war. Have the FARC told you in that negotiation that if they don't sign peace, war is coming because somebody who sits at the table with the real willingness to achieve peace, it would seem that if they're threatening with returning to war, they don't really have the intention to make peace. So my question is, how can you be so sure that if you don't sign this agreement, the war will continue? And my second question was this. Any process of this nature in the countries that I have been lucky enough to live has always been a process that hasn't been partisan. In Colombia, polarization is increasingly marked and there is a segment of the population that has its questions. I'm not going to say that they're a majority because I'm a foreigner. I don't know your country, but how would you introduce the necessary reforms so that your peace proposal can convince the majority of Colombians or many more Colombians, many of those who are currently unconvinced? How do you keep it from being a proposal from President Santos, but rather a bipartisan or multi-partisan proposal or a state proposal? Thank you very much. Allow me to answer your questions briefly. First of all, how do I know that if there are no agreements, we're going to go back to war? Well, because we have very extensive information that they are prepared to go back to war and to urban war, which is much more devastating than rural war. That is a reality. I know this and that is why it is so important for us to reach an agreement. Second, I am the first one to say, like Felipe said, that this isn't my piece or my government's piece for the past five and a half years. What I have tried to do is to incorporate every political party to this process and every social organization as well. And the fact is that every political party is a part of it, not only the parties that support my administration. Opposition parties are also part of the peace process. They participate. I have in my cabinet people from the Polo Democrático Party, which is an opposition party, from the Green Party, which is not part of the government. The only party that has remained outside of their own decision, not ours, is former President Rivas' party, to whom we have made all sorts of offers, to ask them to at least agree on this. What could be more important for any nation than achieving peace? We have made every possible offer to them. And what we are doing is precisely what he wanted to do when he was president, because I know I was by his side. He wanted this piece. He wanted to make peace with the FARC. He tried it. He went to Cuba, and he was there for three years negotiating with the ELN. So it's not a lack of will on my part or a lack of will on the government's part that they remain outside of this process. But the rest of Colombia, the rest of all the political parties are all accompanying this process, fortunately. Well, this can always happen in a political struggle. Maybe if we can lower the drama level, because it's a very serious thing. And something will always happen in politics, which is the scene from the Marx Brothers and the two hard-boiled eggs. But if I was there, it would be two more hard-boiled eggs if you've seen the film. We will never know. But I've known this country for a long time. And can we go back to war? In addition to the information that you may have that I don't have, 50 years attest to the fact that we have gone back to war before. So an inclusive agreement from the democratic standpoint and in terms of development is the only guarantee. And we're going to be fined if we don't leave the room very quickly. So one more question, please. President and President Gonzalez, it is a true pleasure. I feel that as important an effort as what Colombia is undertaking should bring together every part of society, including entrepreneurs. And there's a fundamental part of this process to make it successful. The question is how do we integrate former combatants into economic activity? And my suggestion, Mr. President, is please bring us the business community together. I feel that those of us in this room have the right tools to find active, efficient economic solutions to bring those people back into the fold. Otherwise, those 10, 15 or whatever many thousand people will very quickly become a problem, a short-term problem. So I'd like to invite you to, as one of your conclusions, invite us, conven us as entrepreneurs to join the peace effort and to put in not our grain of sand but our brick in the construction of a new future for Colombia. Thank you. Thank you very much. And yes, in fact, we have already demobilized more than 58,000 combatants. Colombian entrepreneurs at first were very reticent to accept former combatants, reinserted into their companies. But gradually they have been coming to realize that many times they are in fact even better workers than regular workers. We are no longer so mistrustful. Now, how many people are going to reintegrate compared to the 58,000 that already have? They aren't that many, I would say between eight and 10,000. And for that reason, the contribution of the private sector will be fundamental to welcome them. And we are already in that process of approaching those companies that could be most suitable to perhaps open a fan of opportunities for the reinserted guerrilla combatants. And your company is one of those, one of the first ones who took that step and I thank you for it and you're a witness that it can be done and that it should be done. Thank you so much. Thank you, Mr. President. Thank you all. We've exceeded our time, so have a good afternoon.


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Jeffrey Nero Hardy is one of the most universally beloved competitors in pro-wrestling history. And although he's had his fair share of blows along the way, very few wrestlers have the unbreakable bond with fans that Jeff has. Musically speaking, Jeff's gyrating journey to the ring is loaded with lots and lots of tunes and twists of Fate Along the Way. So join us now and let's get a little weird as we chronicle the charismatic enigma's career thus far and take a special look behind the themes of Jeff Hardy. Good luck trying to decipher what I am smelling like a rose that somebody gave me on my birthday deathbed actually means. But one thing's for certain, this churning grungy anthem is a fan favorite song of the alternative metal group Stone Temple Pilots. Grown up as a country boy in rural North Carolina, Jeff and his older brother Matt took their love for professional wrestling to the extreme at a very young age, forming their own wrestling promotions like the Trampoline Wrestling Federation and the Organization of Modern Extreme Grappling Arts, or Omega for short, the brothers Hardy would land enhancement talent gigs for the WWF in the mid-1990s. But in between, jobbing themselves out, Matt and Jeff hone their craft by working together in the anything but plush redneck backwoods of North Kaka'laki. And in Omega, Jeff's wild imagination was immediately on display as he unveiled the demon from down under Willow the Wisp, his masked, creepy alter ego that would make sporadic appearances throughout his career. Anxity alternative songs like this STP banger helped shape Jeff's personality, and it's safe to say that the band's lead singer Scott Weiland and Hardy might be considered similar creatures in some respects. Imagine grabbing a bowl of cereal, or my personal go-to back in the day, which was toaster strudel, and sitting down on Saturday morning to watch an episode of WWE Superstars when all of a sudden there are these two red and green ludicrous looking creatures on your TV screen. Well, let me introduce you to Willow and Ingus Jynx, aka Jeff and Matt Hardy, in two comical costumes that make the ding-dongs look like the conquistadors. Sorry, now that doesn't make any sense whatsoever, but neither do Willow and Ingus, or whatever the heck their names are. Such elaborate and colorful outfits hadn't been seen since a long time ago in a galaxy known as the WWF in 1992, when an intergalactic grappler named Max Moon touched down on Planet McMahon, which is ironic considering that both the Jynxes and the Spaceman used the same theme song, which was produced, of course, by the Obi-Wan Kenobi of entrance music, Jim Johnston. This out-of-this-world theme sounds more like it belongs in Donkey Kong Country instead of wrestling, but what's really bananas is the fact that it's also been used by multiple superstars like Luna Vashon and the Jynx's arch-nemesis, The Toxic Turtles. And you thought the broken universe was wacky. By the dawn of the Attitude Era, and with the goofy costumes left at home, Matt and Jeff were beginning to pop up on B-level WWE programming like Shotgun Saturday Night and Sunday Night Heat, with their TV time increasing. The Hardys obtained a new entrance theme titled Chase Manhattan by everyone's favorite Big Beat Band, Freebie, and The Bean. No clue.  These matches that they had would lead to the brothers inking full-time WWE contracts. Thanks in part to the support of their behind-the-scenes mentor, Mr. Doot Doot Doot himself, Michael P.S. Hayes. Now, the fabulous Freebird always had a preference for the Hardys, and just knew, deep down inside his fanny pack, that the dynamic duo would revolutionize the sports entertainment industry with their high-flying style of hardcore wrestling. In fact, he fancied them so much that he became their on-screen manager for a hot second. However, the elder Hayes came off as the uncool uncle, trying to match fashion with his younger relatives. Loaded by Zack Tempest is a generic piece of stock rock music that will forever be connected to the Hardys entrances both in the WWE and AEW. Now, the way this perfect pairing came about behind the themes is that Matt and Jeff needed new music quickly, after flip-flopping, from face to heel and back face, after splitting from gangrel and their one-month union as the new brood. Sort of a happy accident.  Now for us fans growing up during the height of the Attitude Era, Jeff was the crazier spot-monkey half of the alternative rave-style Brother Duo. He would jump off of ladders, fall through tables, and steal the show, with his high-risk offense on a near-weekly basis. No longer a scrawny teenager who wrestled his first WWE match when he was only 16 years old, Jeff in particular grew up before our very eyes, and before long, he helped to elevate a simple ladder match to new heights at No Mercy 1999. And alongside the Dugleys and Edge and Christian, these three teams pioneered the tables, ladders, and chairs match concept. However, his dangerous desire to continually raise the bar and push his body to the limit began to take its toll.  Eventually, the E had no choice but to release him, after he failed a drug test and declined going to rehab. This Marilyn Manson gothic rock song certainly speaks to Jeff's overall well-being at this time in his life. It begins with the backwards message. This is my lowest point of vulnerability. A telling message for someone whose poor choices were slowly squeezing all the goodness out of him. Like most addicts in an altered state of mind, Jeff was in a complete denial phase after his initial release in 2003. Hardy only made a handful of independent appearances before taking an entire year off from wrestling. But before that, he appeared for Ring of Honor at their death before dishonor show. Now, Hardy has always been a proven draw amongst the ladies who wouldn't otherwise be interested in pro wrestling. That's just the covorka of Jeff Hardy, yeah! And nowhere was this more obvious than during this appearance, where a couple hundred teenage girls showed up to cheer him on, while sadly, the ROH bots booed, heckled, and mocked him before, during, and after his match. Before AEW became the place where anything could happen, TNA was the alternative to the E, and in 2004, Hardy made a surprise debut at their second anniversary show to challenge AJ Styles for the X-Division Championship. Proving that sometimes absence makes the Hardy grow stronger, the crowd reaction showed his doubters that there's this strange magnetic charisma that draws wrestling fans to Jeff. Look, the guy's always marched to the beat of his own drum. Not only inside the squared circle, but especially outside of it. And what helped set him apart and make him a walking, living, breathing piece of art during his runs in TNA, was that he was directly involved in all of his entrance themes, performing them in his own words and own original sounds, like the extraterrestrial Space Odyssey song Modest. A tune performed by Jeff and his band Peroxygen. This is quite the self-expressive departure from his WWE character, an out-there, offbeat, strange bedfellow. But for me, this song was a little too cringe to enjoy. Performed by the band and ever after, there's no denying that no more words and its entrance are one of the best in the industry. When the song hits, you can't help but sing along, gyrate and flail about like Hardy and strum your air guitar too. Now, around this time, the unpredictable roller coaster phase of Jeff's career was beginning to take shape, and he was unfortunately let go from TNA in 2006, when he no showed a pay-per-view. After sending the red rooster of all people a text message that said, card subject to change, see ya Tuesday. Still obviously struggling with his sobriety, Jeff somehow convinced the WWE that he was refocused and rehabilitated. So they then rehired him, and he was rechristened the charismatic enigma. Proving himself to be quite the individual artist, and using the squared circle as his creative canvas, his highlight reel at this time is full of enough all-inspiring swamp-on-bombs and intoxicating falls off 15-foot ladders through tables to make the Jackass Boys blush, and Jeff would reach his absolute zenith here, capturing world titles and defeating the likes of Randy Orton, Triple H, and CM Punk, before his contract expired, thus ending his three-year stint with the company. At times, Hardy has proven himself to be his own worst enemy in both the wrestling universe and in real life. It's also been said on more than one occasion that Jeff's excess lifestyle is a double-edged sword, jumping back and forth between WWE and TNA several times due to his inability to remain clean and sober. His problems reached their pinnacle following his drugged-up performance at TNA's Victory Road pay-per-view in 2011. Prior to this main event match versus Sting, Hardy had joined the heel-stable known as Immortal, referring to himself now as the anti-Christ of professional wrestling. This slow and sinister song called Another Me was the dark and disturbing ditty whose lyrics practically foreshadowed his fall from grace. To say that Jeff was a free spirit in his own psychedelic world would be like saying his brother Matt has a hard time keeping it in his pants, you know? Now in his own words and telling his life story through the lyrics of his own music with a little help from TNA's music producer Dale Oliver, Hardy was resurrected and he channeled his inner Eminem because he only had one last shot where it was turn out the lights, the party's over, You lose! Good day, sir! It was also around this time when Jeff became like the American dream Dusty Rhodes at every starcade in the 1980s because at every annual Bound for Glory pay-per-view, Hardy would debut new theme music that basically built on top of each other in a way that only Jeff could understand. Although they all had the same familiar klaxon, air raid, siren sound effect to start the song. After resurrected there were similar creatures, time and fate and play-cate. Now compared to the WWE where everything is pretty tightly controlled, Hardy was allowed a lot more creative freedom during his time in TNA and as he kayfabe quit the company due to his feud with Dixie Carter, a familiar figment of Jeff's insane imagination was about to re-emerge. Strange, bizarre and completely outlandish, this mask alter ego of Jeff's was inspired by mashing together the Marvel comic book universe with Japanese wrestling legend Jushin Thunder Liger. His Woodle the Wisp persona emerged for the first time on the national stage, fully equipped with an evil laugh, puzzling promos and maniacal monologues. Sauntering down the ramp while twirling a black and white umbrella, this different and demonic version of Jeff felt sort of fresh. But unfortunately this entrance theme wasn't what you might call poetry in motion, rather just emo Jeff Hardy doing emo Jeff Hardy things. Taking the theme music from the cold-blooded, dreadlocked and drugged-up version 7.829er of Mad Hardy in TNA from 2011 and putting lyrics to it, here you have the Hardy Boys reunion song Reptilian. Now there are daredevils and then there's Jeff Hardy. The most amazing stuntmen and women in the world could only hope to fill up their portfolios with half of the crazy bumps that Jeff has taken throughout his career. Unfortunately Dixie Carter couldn't book a Hardy's versus Jake the Snake Roberts and Skinner Swamp Match, however this theme wouldn't last long because Jeff legit suffered a broken leg in a dirt bike accident and was relegated to a non-physical role. And now boys and girls, we reach the point of our program where we dive into the realm known as the Broken Universe. Admittingly, this type of nonsense isn't for everyone, especially old-timers like Vinnie Mack who just couldn't wrap their head around the appeal of wrestling a kangaroo named Smoking Joe, but in 2016 we saw the debut of Broken Matt Hardy who was hell-bent on deleting his brother. This would all build up to the cinematic final deletion in which Matt would successfully defeat his brother, transforming him into an obedient mule and soulless vessel known as Brother Nero. The Brother Nero character was a more sadistic and violent version of Jeff, whose full throttle, thrill-seeker ways had been rendered obsolete. Now if you really sit back and listen to this track, the song's deep and powerful lyrics show just how gifted Jeff is as a lyricist. Because in my humble opinion, of course, obsolete is the greatest song that Jeff has ever written.   And this theme music is meh, and modestly alien at best. A first ballad, WWE Hall of Famer, when the time comes, Jeff Hardy has enough things to keep him busy whenever he decides to hang up his mesh shirt and baggy pants. Having just met the charismatic enigma, he is in a great place mentally and physically. And I for one can't wait to see what else he accomplishes in wrestling and in music in the future.


Now we've seen the bigger picture, we can summarize cell respiration. There are three stages to respiration and they each occur in different locations. Glycolysis in the cytosol, the Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and the electron transport chain occurs across the inner mitochondrial membrane. In glycolysis, the sugars are broken down. The results of glycolysis are 2 pyruvate molecules, 2 ATP molecules, 2 NADH and 2 HDO. The results of the Krebs cycle are 2 more ATP as well as 8 NADH molecules, 2 FADH2 molecules and the 6 carbon dioxide molecules. In the electron transport chain, the NADH and FADH2 release electrons to the protein complexes which transport these to make water and at the same time pump the hydrogen ions, the protons out into the intermembrane space. The end result of the electron transport chain is another 34 molecules of ATP. The first stage of cell respiration, glycolysis, can happen without oxygen present. It's the anaerobic phase. The other two stages require oxygen to go ahead. They are the aerobic stage. Air means air. Big comes from bio, life, so air life and and means without. So without the air for life.


Live from Boston, Massachusetts, it's theCUBE at the HP Vertica Big Data Conference 2014. Brought to you by HP. With your hosts, John Furrier and Dave Vellante. Okay, welcome back. We're here live in Boston, Massachusetts. This is theCUBE, our flagship program. We're going to go out to the events, Extracted Civil Noise. I'm John Furrier, Dave Vellante here at the HP Big Data Conference. Our next guest is Janath Manoharaj, Team Lead Database Services at Blue Cross Blue Shield. We're just talking databases earlier with the Vertica product team, so huge contentions between Hadoop and the database world coming together. Give us your take first of, you know, not at Blue Shield, but in the industry, your view of the database collision with big data. Is it going to be a war of religions? Is it going to be a war of formats? What's your take on it?  But later on, we have seen, even in Blue Cross Blue Shield, we are all converging. And one cannot be the other, I mean live without the other. So it's pretty much, you know, like we do database, warehouse augmentation, where, you know, put all the data, never purge it, but put it on the low-cost disk, and whenever you need it, you know, use Vertica, for example, get all the data from it, and then process it, and then it will put it back to the HDFS that's pretty much Hadoop. So it's pretty much, you know, converged. That's what I see. So in thinking about, sort of, your business, the claims apps, right, the agent systems, I mean, they are, and have been the lifeblood of the organization, and the processes developed around those, and then all of a sudden this sort of big data theme comes in. So how are you using data historically, maybe talk about your enterprise data warehouse and how that's, you know, transforming? What kind of journey are you on with regard to big data? You know, the old way, or even like past couple of years before, we used to have, you know, each project will have its own, major project will have its own warehouse.  But with Hadoop, you know, it's the cheapest solution that I can think of. You put all the data, it's like one unified repository, you know, and it has pretty much good security where you say, you know, let's isolate this part of the data, so with all these isolation levels, it really helps us in bringing the cost down and also increase in performance. Okay, so you joined Blue Cross Blue Shield, you're based in Chicago, what's the name of the organization? Blue Cross Blue Shield Association. Association, okay, and that's the sort of, it's the new cover, Chicago, Midwest? Yeah, yeah, Blue Cross Blue Shield Association is a federation of 37 independent community-based Blue Cross Blue Shield plans, and it's spread over like 170 countries, and you know, what it does is it owns the trademarks, the grant licenses, and everything, so if you want to get the name, you know, you would need to be licensed by us. So you joined in 2008, back then nobody knew what Hadoop was, I'm not even sure if Hadoop was invented by then, when did Doug Cutting come up with the idea, John, who was probably after that, right, but even 2010, what's Hadoop? 2011, what can I do with Hadoop? So when did you guys sort of see the potential as an organization and in you personally, take us through that. Yeah, you know, before we used to, this is pre-08, we used to have all these big three databases, you know, all the big vendors, like established ones like IBM, Oracle's, SQL Server, even though, even now they are big, and we have all their warehouses and things like that. One of each. Yeah, one of each.  So it's also the same warehouse or a database. And pretty much if you want to mine the data, it was pretty much used the same thing and that was kind of a problem for us because one size doesn't fit, some it works, some it doesn't. So what we ended up doing was, you know, in 08 and things like that, we started bringing in Vertica for pretty much ad hoc processing, you know. And it really went well with Vertica. The performance was like at least ten times faster with the previous one that we were using. Which was a traditional database, DBMS, or DBMS. So the move was from, you know, from traditional DBMS into columnar based. So that was our first step. And then moving forward, you know, now we are thinking about creating a data lake, like a one unified repository. And also how to include Vertica and Hadoop integration. So those are the big things and we want to learn more about Vertica Hadoop integration. So that's where we are here. Okay, and so, go ahead, John, sorry. I was going to ask about some of the health care issues. I mean, honestly, Blue Cross databases are huge because now you have to slice and dice everything. All kinds of restrictions and things that you're asked to do from a compliance standpoint, but yet you've got to be innovative. How do you balance that out from your perspective and share that you sit in every day database? What are the issues that you're facing that you're solving these new problems? What are the new problems that you're solving? And how does that relate to some of the things in health care that's unique?  I mean, Medicare, Medicaid, all medical pharmacy related data.  And then you need to, and then they say like a five mile radius, give me all the providers, right? So the information needs to be like instantaneous. And that used to be a problem before. And I'm just giving you one example. And with this newer, you know, like the columnar store and things like that, you know, it's, we have seen like a 10 times more performance boost by going Vertica's way.  Yeah, exactly. I think it's one of the best databases that we worked with. And even in the POC, you know, right from the proof of concept, it was very much better. The things that used to take like 40 hours, we pretty much take 40 hours in a year. You know, HP, we always give HP credit for things, but also give them some critical feedback, which is they don't market very well. They can't get the word out. They like it in their own way sometimes. I mean, they have praises from all their customers about how great this database is. I mean, it is the Ferrari of the industry. But the interesting thing is that there's so much fud going on around databases because the functionality is changing. I mean, IBM has been a big leader in databases for a long time. Certainly Hadoop is open, scale out, open source. But now you have critical deployment. So in context of the IBMs of the world and to the open source, why is Vertica so successful in your opinion? Well, what I think it's, first, the performance is good. The second, low cost. The third one, I mean, we were an early adopters of Vertica. So I think so far the support has been really good. I even see the support manager, like Amy Miller, calling us, saying that if any problems, like more proactive style of support rather than you place a call and then they call back. I mean, so far all these things really help. So you talk about building this data lake. Correct. I presume that's a virtual data lake, right? You're not going to try to put all the data in one place or are you? Describe that initiative. Yeah, you know, the thing is, some of the, I mean, I can't provide much information because I believe it's like proprietary. Oh, okay. I'm sorry about that. Go ahead, no, share all. I'll talk. But just conceptually, should we be thinking about a data lake as a God box, or sort of a distributed set of data? Yeah, it's pretty much like you said, a combination of virtual as well as physical because with all these specialized databases sitting around it, so you have a big lake and one can, it would be the source that would feed all these subsystems. So I'm telling you at a high level. Okay, we have to be careful there, I understand. But now in terms of Hadoop, are you using an open source Apache Hadoop? Can you tell, are you using a vendor distribution? Are you paying for it? What are you doing with Hadoop? Well, you know, we are still looking at it. You know, I can't divulge more details, but we are looking at all the big four, you know, like IBM, Cloudera, MapR, and also Houghtonworks. And particularly, we are interested with these 50 million, what do you call that, the agreement that went on between the HP and Houghtonworks. I wanted to learn more about it. And also- The H in Haven, does it stand for Houghtonworks now? Or is it still Hadoop? Yeah, and also we're pretty much impressed with MapR, their platform, you know, the custom MapR file system. Okay, so you are using Hadoop today, correct? Correct. Okay, and you can't tell us who you're using, but I presume it's some kind of open source distribution. And then how much data are we talking about for your big data projects? Talking terabytes, petabytes? I think we would start with terabytes and easily move towards petabyte. We have so much data that's all distributed now, so easily in petabytes. Are you using, are you bringing in outside services to help you do this stuff, or are you kind of doing it all in-house? It's a combination of both. You know, if you have the, in the beginning, for example, with Vertica, we got all the HP folks working with, I mean, the Vertica, at that time, it was a separate company, they were working with us. But as time went on, we got on job training. So it would be the same thing with Hadoop environment too. Okay. But we are not, because Hadoop is evolving so fast, with particularly, you know, before in Hadoop version one, everything was like single threaded, you know, you can't run in parallel, but with the newer Hadoop two or things like that, you can run in parallel, so, so. Now, you mentioned, so you had a lot of different data warehouses, and I'm sure you had data marts, and you have a lot of different data types that you're working with, structured and unstructured. So are your big data projects bringing together diverse data sets? Are you primarily working with, you know, singular data sets, or are you bringing in multiple data sets? I think we'll start with some projects, you know, some data sets, and eventually it would be all in one. Okay. That's the plan. But diverse data sets that you're actually having to work with, and so how do you deal with the data integration challenges? You know, it's the big thing, you know, that's why we have all these proof of concepts to, some of the tools have native capability to do it, but I think we're still working on it. It's a thing in progress. Do you have a chief data officer? Currently we have like two teams that manage this thing. One is like a, we call it a BPS. It's like a business protection services in combination with the enterprise architecture. They found this role that you said. And that's an IT function. You're correct. Okay, so the de facto chief data officer sits within IT. Right.  Obviously you spend more than that on your technology, but if you had to look forward and think about allocating that $100 between say traditional enterprise data warehouse and more modern architectures, how do you see that sort of spend shifting over time? Will it largely stay the same? Is it going to be dramatically toward the new modern stuff? I wonder if we could talk about that. I mean, with the way it's going, it's more towards the latest and greatest, you know, the open source solutions and with the specialized, you know, the niche databases like Vertica and things like that. But yeah, I feel we are moving towards that. So culturally, the move to open source, how are you dealing with that? Is there drawbacks of open source that you have to manage? Do you have to change your processes or your skill sets to deal with that? Yeah, the open source has always been a challenge, you know, just like Java was an open source compared to like .NET, which was a proprietary. So there have always been this learning curve which would be steep. So with the open source, you know, you would need to have like training with one of these big vendors and so that we're not, so that to avoid making mistakes when we go live, you know. So I've seen open source, it's kind of a, the learning curve is kind of difficult. You get more releases and things like that. But with the proprietary, it's much easier. So that's the trade off. So any last question for me, any advice you would give to your fellow practitioners trying to move from the sort of old world to the new world? What would you, what's the one action item you would ask them to take? Yeah, the one of the things that I learned was, you know, for some things after we do careful analysis, some projects really fit the new world where you can use Hadoop and other environments, you know, the latest offerings. But for some, you know, like the banking and OLTP things, I would stick with the old. Yeah, I mean, it matters. It depends on the workflow and things like that. But if it's like heavy duty mining, then we will. Work-lose matter. Correct. Thanks for coming on theCUBE. Really appreciate you sharing your perspective. We, you know, we give Jeff Vertico here and there, but they are doing great. Thanks for sharing your insights. And again, the database where the action is, and it's really interesting right now. It's only going to get more complex, but more important. And with mobile and cloud on the horizon, multi-tenant security, we haven't even gone there. It's just going to get more exciting. So if you're a database geek, it's a great time to be in data. This is theCUBE live in Boston for HP Vertica Big Data Conference. We'll be right back with our next guest. We'll be right back with a short break.


A senior Greenpeace executive says the world needs to take note of a UN climate science report published on Monday and not immediately to prevent catastrophic climate change. Executive director of the Greenpeace UK, John Sorven said that government failure to take strong enough steps to combat climate change was akin to pressing snooze on an alarm. If you don't get out of bed and go to wherever you're meant to be going to, it will be too late, you won't get there in time. And I think that this is what this report really is saying. Listen, the alarm clock has gone off many times. This is probably the last report that will be written before we go through and beyond 1.5 degree C unless we act now. And that's quite a stark warning. These reports are very weighty. Nobody is going to read them. But you can just read the headlines. The wildfires out of control in Greece and Turkey, the heat domes in California and British Columbia and Canada, the wildfires out of control in Siberia, the floods in Germany and in China.  All this report is doing really is putting the science behind this, saying that we are now certain this is human-induced.