First and foremost, thanks to Erin and the ancestral health symposium for having me back for the second year. I'm very happy to be here and to present to you the sort of the next stage from our poster here. So you may, for those of you who were here last year, this is our poster, you'll notice the images here on the right. Since that time, those sets of images, those sort of six images have shared over 20,000 times on Facebook. We've launched a new brand called Building Your Baby from the Ground Up because of that success or the fact that those images went viral. First and foremost, just the medical disclaimer. We are not rendering any treatment here, so seek counsel from your physician if you have any clinical questions. So to start, our culture has this idea that in order to get to a point where we are crawling, sitting, or standing, we have to use these infant orthotic devices on the left, the bumbo seats or infant floor seats, or what we've deemed caretaker assisted movements, helping an infant move. And what we know is that we don't need those devices at all. We don't need these assistance because infants know how to move and develop completely and fully on their own. They have a hardwired or softwired neurological pattern that helps them move and learn to move through the process from zero to 18 months. So Building Your Baby from the Ground Up is our mission to empower parents, caretakers, daycare providers, and clinicians with actionable steps for helping infants around the world to move and develop naturally. And so that concept of developing naturally, what does that mean and how do we define it? So we say natural mechanical development in this case is a baby that is allowed to get into a position or movement completely on their own, like sitting up crawling or walking on their own two feet. And that's in contrast to what we're calling artificial development when we place a baby into these positions or when a baby experiences these positions through the aid of a device or physical assistance from a caretaker. So here is an example of natural mechanical development. So you may recognize this creature, she was at the symposium last year. And in this image or this video, you'll notice that the infant is in a neutral spinal state. The spine is elongated, they're very relaxed. It's in this position that infants learn to stabilize their core, engage the oblique chains from the hip to the shoulder. This child is struggling to get over, go it, go it, go it, go it. And successfully rolling over to a prone position. And you may notice that the infant's elbows are here on the ground, engaging with the floor. And what we know from developmental kinesiology is that the sensory engagement of being on the floor plays a role with the mechanical and motor output that the infant figures out how to do. So sensory input is important for mechanical and motor output. What I want to cover in the next several slides is what we call the four principles of baby-led movement. So we're gonna dig into a couple of concepts here. The first principle that we propose is that we want to forego all IODs or infant orthotic devices. Devices that artificially support an infant's biomechanical system. So you'll recall from the poster images, these devices on the left were calling infant orthotic devices, infant orthotic device, infant orthotic device. They're placing an infant in an artificial position that they can't attain completely on their own. Whereas on the right, you'll see, spines are elongated. They have stability on their own. They're attaining the physical positions fully on their own, not being placed in artificial or states of flexion or states of physical attainment that they can't physically get to on their own. So here's a brief example of a comparison between what we see in natural movement. So you'll see that this child is, their little legs are moving. The little head, they can't quite support it. It's not quite there. They have some stability of their elbows. There's some sensory input from their elbows. They're trying to engage with the environment in the world now. Well, you might see on your Instagram feeds with your friends and colleagues and family. We're obsessed with this idea that we need to place infants in a position so that they can view the world from an adult perspective. You'll notice that the low back here is in hyperextension. The head is more verticalized. The spine is verticalized beyond the point where the infant can do it on their own. So that artificial support starts to change the sensory input that drives the motor output for the infant. Principle number two of building your baby is to resist caretaker-assisted movements, and you'll see in this next slide the idea here. So we don't want to place an infant into a position that they can't attain on their own. So this infant can't get to a seated position on their own, yet we put them in that position so that we can engage with them on an adult or sort of caretaker perspective. This concept that we want to help infants stand or help infants walk, we put them in these positions beyond their own capabilities, and that sensory input of being in these positions alters their motor output. So here is an example of a caretaker-assisted movement, and I think you'll see. So we refer to that device as an infant orthotic device, so he's using this. This child isn't yet able to fully get to a standing position or a walking position on their own. But with the device, if we place them there, okay, they can stay there. This child was actually put in these positions quite often. So here's the perfect example here of what we're saying. So he can't get to stand in on his own, but the caretaker puts them there. You'll see that for the most part, his knees are locked out. Lumbar spine moves into extension. Look, she's actually said that she does this quite often, this sort of dancing motion. And you can see that it destabilizes the shoulder girdle, destabilizes the knees, destabilizes the lumbar spine. And the knees are locked out. You don't see this in a naturally developed infant. The third principle is this idea of getting on the ground. So we say instead of using infant orthotic devices or caretaker-assisted movements, simply get on the ground with your infant and encourage your daycare providers and the grandparents that play a role with the caretaking. Instead of reading a book like this, okay, let's try like this. This infant is in a very neutral position. Now, culturally, okay, your friends and colleagues will think that you're crazy for doing this, right? But the idea is to allow that spine and that biomechanical system to be neutral and in a natural developmental state. Principle number four is to educate the caretakers, clinicians, and daycare facilities that take care of your infants or the infants in your community. We have those educational resources on our website. We'll share some of those details later. We have some clinical posters that clinicians and daycare facilities can purchase as well. Now, I wanna show you just some of the guiding concepts and principles that almost allow us to make some of these statements and ideas. Wolf's law is sometimes contentious physiologic law that says bone development happens in response to the mechanical forces that are placed upon it. So in our culture, we can think about, okay, we tell people to lift weights at a later age so that they prevent osteoporosis, okay? So that's kind of our perspective here. But early in infant-motor pattern development, it's important because they're changing the mechanical input that the baby provides to their bone structure, provides the mechanical input that the bone responds to. Davis's law is that same concept in relation to soft tissue development. So the mechanical forces that are placed onto your soft tissue, your tendons, your muscles, your ligaments, changes their development. Had me in theory, this is maybe a bit more widely known. The concept is neurons, a neurological tissue that fires together, wires together. So we have this idea that when you engage the neurological tissue in repeated motions, that it starts to develop the pattern. The mechanostat theory is sometimes referred to as Wolf's law 2.0. Also kind of this concept of mechanical input drives the physiological mechanisms of what we see. Now, a bit more exciting is this idea of developmental kinesiology, and much of this came out of Europe and Eastern Europe in the 1950s, 60s, 70s, and now. So Vojta, Václav Vojta was a pediatric neurologist. Professor Kolash is at the rehabilitation school in Prague. And Amy Pigler, who was a pediatric physician in Hungary, and will detail some of their work here. This is Vojta, he discovered and laid out the concepts that infant motor pattern development is predictable and understandable. We have a roadmap of when an infant can reach certain milestones fully on their own. So about nine months, they can sit up fully on their own. About 13 months, they can begin to stand. So we have a roadmap of the neurological pattern, the software pattern that drives this behavior. This is Professor Kolash and I've had the opportunity to take courses with him. One of my primary mentors in this space, and I just love this quote. The nervous system establishes programs that control human posture, movement, and gait. This motor control is largely established during the first critical years of life. This is it. So motor control is driven by sensory experiences and the integral nature of that together. Amy Pigler, again, she was a primary influencer on Magda Gerber, who her work is more well known in the infant education space. Not necessarily motor development, but still this idea that less is more with how we treat our infants. Now, most of the research that we have in this space of infant motor pattern development is on walkers. So we're going to detail some of that. This is a quote actually from a physical therapist, not necessarily research. But statement says no equipment enhances a child's motor development. Because the data indicates a considerable risk and major, minor injury, and even death from the use of infant walkers, because there's no clear benefit from their use, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a ban on the manufacture and sale of mobile infant walkers. And this actually, these devices are, walkers are banned in Canada already and in some European countries. Baby walkers are associated with a delay in achieving normal local motor milestones, use should be discouraged. Usage of baby walkers can delay the acquisition of independent walking and disturb the normal gait pattern. So you can see that, okay, our culture uses these devices because we think that it's helping our children walk, helping our children stand. In all actuality, it alters their pattern and delays the process. A bit more research here on the next page. Disharmonic and delayed motor development, contractions, calf muscles, motor development, mimicking spastic, diaplegia are considered to be caused by the early use of walkers. That's a case study. For some infants, the excessive use of baby walkers alters the pathway of no more local motor development. No advantage of the walkers. Now what I'm asking you to do here is allow me to extrapolate what that research says and why it might be working under the construct of the physiological mechanisms of development, neurological construct of motor movement patterns. We take this idea that the walkers maybe are not ideal and are altering motor pattern and gait development. And I want to extend them to this idea that any altered or artificial mechanical state may be compromising to their development. So you see here the bumbo seat or infant floor seat puts the infant in a state of flexion, significant flexion.  We'd correct that. Or we see this person on the right lovingly holding their infant. But in a position that the infant is not yet ready to attain on their own. Now this page is taken from the rehab school out of Prague. This slide is taken from them. And I love this quote, poor local motor development can be shadowed throughout a lifetime and what you'll see what they're pointing to on this slide. Rib flaring down low here on the infant and you can see rib flaring here. So we see these patterns reflected into adulthood. Now, you might remember the first video that we watched of the infant moving. The infant was on its side, rotating over, engaging the oblique chains and engaging core stability, engaging lumbar spine stability, cervical spine stability. The whole pattern to get to the point where they're rolling over. Now, why is that important? Well, these images here show this process drives the development of core stability.  If we don't develop those patterns now, we start to see destabilization of lumbar spine, overactivity of this musculature on the posterior chain. And then we start to develop the kyphosis that we see in forward head posture and many of the adults that I treat. Now, so just a brief view here and I'm not going to enlarge these to full screen. So what I want you to see here is his scapula are winging here, right? And it's possible that those scapula wing, because he didn't spend enough time engaging with the floor and stabilizing in a natural way. So what I want you to see with this infant and you're going to watch the small baby on the right here, watch this. So he's engaging, he's on the floor. That child is vertical, but here, now watch this, boom, look at that. We know that as the bear crawl movement or bear in yoga or in exercises. The core is stabilized, the hips are engaged, the shoulder girdles are learning how to move. So if you think back about that other video, the scapula were winging and unstable, that child perhaps didn't have enough time on the floor developing its own stability. And I think what's beautiful here is we can start to change the future of mechanics in an adult by altering how we treat them as infants. Now, again, I want to use this image, it's just mirrored here. Overactivity of the paraspinals of the spine. We used to develop this flexion, destabilized spine. And we see it mirrored here at a very early point. So this child is not yet ready to verticalize themselves on their own. They're being held in a vertical state. And you can see this child's head is forward because he doesn't have the stability to bring himself into a point where he's neutral and in an elongated state. So, okay, what do we propose? Okay, we'll altering the way we hold our infants. Instead of the caretaker-assisted movement on the left where the child's prematurely verticalized, let's hold them in a horizontal position that stabilizes and supports their spine. Now, we're not the only people talking about this. In the physical therapy world, in the occupational therapy world, they've started to use this term container baby syndrome. I actually like this statement, and you can dig into that as well. The idea that there's a syndrome developing by the way we treat our kids. Now, okay, we're gonna go through a few examples of this artificial development. So what you'll see here is this child can't yet stand on its own, but we're putting them in a fully verticalized position. So watch this right foot for a little bit. It's turning almost over onto the side. Sometimes he goes onto his little toes, but watch this knee for a bit. Look how this knee starts to develop this angle. We call it a valgosity, and in young athletes, that valgosity motion is what puts you at a mechanical disadvantage for injuries, say on the basketball court. And so, we're wiring these motor patterns. Remember that phrase, neurons that fire together, wire together, right? We're starting to wire these patterns together. And not encouraging natural development, but in fact, this artificial or poor locomotor system development. Now, okay, so here is this idea. And again, most of the research that we have is on walkers. This child can't walk on his own, and you'll see it in just a little bit. This child actually spent some significant time in these devices. So you'll see that his feet find the ground. I must say that no babies were harmed in the making of these videos, right? There's this child's not so happy here, but so now, okay, check it out. So the walker is an infant orthotic device. We refer to this as caretaker assisted movements. But you'll see that he's not able to do this on his own. And when we're supporting him here, his shoulder girdle is destabilized. His core isn't functioning, his lumbar spine is destabilized. His glutes aren't functioning the way that they should. His knees go into valgosity here. He's not using his foot as we would expect a normal human or adult to do. Feet, pardon me. Okay, examples of natural development. We're gonna come back to this idea. Okay, this is an important part of developing core stability. And here, this video shows the slow process of infant motor pattern development. Like the slow food movement, slow motor pattern development is important here. So here, the child's developing core stability. They're engaging their hip flexors in a sustainable and stable way, engaging of the oblique chains here. They're starting to engage scapular stability. If we were to put a hole right through that shoulder, we'd find that the scapula is engaging the musculature that's stabilizing that. Now, they're trying to move over, trying to roll, trying to roll, trying to roll, trying to roll, and then they lose interest. Now, we might have the idea, and often we do, is they're trying to roll over. Well, let's just roll them over. And what we argue is that the struggle of them trying to get there is important. So struggling to move, and if we had the sound on, you'd hear this little girl grunting like a truck driver, trying to get over. And that struggle is important. They're engaging the whole kinematic system here. And these are the neurological patterns that Professor Vojta discovered and knew existed as an inherent pattern that could be predictable and executable by infants without any assistance at all. And it's through this pattern of development that they develop incredible core stability. And without the process of struggling through it, we're putting our infants at a disadvantage. Time, sorry, Chek. Got it. So let's watch this video just a bit because I want you to see the infant move both from the supine position. So again, they're developing core stability. Breathing pattern here is stabilized. Now, watch this. So infants' legs are relaxed, they're engaging. Now, watch when an object comes into play. Boom! Look at that stability. Now, if you make any adult do that, that's out of shape. That's a struggle for them. But look at the infant just holding up, hanging out there. That's a core stability exercise. So we want to let them engage their core and their structure as they should. So what we'll see in the next video here is an idea that we don't want to place a child into a environment. And sorry, that video is not edited, so we're going to skip through that. So this idea, the baby lead development is best. We propose that a minimalistic evolutionary model is superior to any device or caretaker-assisted movements. And with the building your baby paradigm, we propose that parents and caregivers can intervene in a beneficial rather than a detrimental way by following the program and avoiding all devices or assistance that hinder or alter natural development and movement. Again, the four principles of baby lead movement, forego all infant or orthotic devices, any device that places your infant into an artificial position. Resist the idea of caretaker-assisted movements, helping them walk, helping them stand, helping them sit. Get on the ground yourself. You might begin to eat your dinners on the ground. You might begin to eat your breakfast on the ground. You might read books, laying flat on your back. It's a different way of engaging. It might be your own core stability exercises that you start to think about in this position, and educate your caretakers. And so this is the idea, so for those of you that have children of your own, you might recall going to the daycare facilities. And you see these devices, walkers, jumpers, bumbo seats, infant seats, all over the place. And so the idea is taking some of this material and sharing it with them so that they might have a realization we've already had other daycare facilities reach out and announce that they've gotten rid of their devices. And they're starting to follow the building your baby paradigm for their infants and they're handing our guides to their infants. You can find us buildingyourbaby.com at buildingyourbaby on Instagram, hashtag buildingyourbaby, email address hello at buildingyourbaby. For those of you that are interested, you can use this discount code HF19 for 25% off in the shop. You can buy guides. The idea is if you have a person in your life that's pregnant now, buy them a guide and just have it shipped to them. Or buy them a PDF and have it delivered to their inbox. We've had people say that after they've read the guide and after they've gone through this material, they've gone through and deleted items from their baby registry. Because they understand that those are not ideal, even though they're told by our culture that those devices are helpful. So try to get them before the baby's born. That's the most ideal. And I want to tie back this idea that so Erin uses this term and this term of evolutionary mismatch, right? We didn't see walkers a million years ago. We didn't see floor seats a million years ago. And for the most part, we don't see it in any other species on the planet, except ours where we use these devices. So if you have any interest in reaching out directly to me, there's my email again on Instagram. And if you want to see any of these videos again, I'll be around throughout the weekend. We can show you some of those and dig into some other concepts. So is that a good starting point? Okay, yeah, questions. Hey, great presentation. Okay, so two questions. One is how does the baby and the baby walk or how does that result in a fatality? What's the- Yeah, so that's on the extreme end, right? So in my world, I'm not saying that those result in death. The American Pediatrics Association really says, okay, those devices can easily go down a set of stairs. That's where the death occurs, right? So let's separate the physical harm of those things toppling over from the mechanical changes that I'm talking about. Yeah, so good question. All right, so it could be just, okay. So now maybe an extension of this thinking is that maybe you don't want to force the baby into any motion or in any position. So at nighttime, we say sleep facing up or facing down. I don't remember which one it is. What's your opinion on that? Yeah, so I can't make an official clinical statement on that, right? The standard statements are sleeping on the back is best. There's some research that says that that is supportive of this idea of reducing SIDS or sudden infant death syndrome. I don't have an official statement on that. In my own case, study of my own daughter, we would put her on her back. She'd fall asleep and she'd roll right over. So I don't have a good statement on that. Okay, thanks. Hi, Chris, thank you. That was great. I love your work so much. Thank you so much. My name's Stephanie Welch. The first thing that I ever came to AHS to talk about was called shoes are not paleo. And I just wanted to bring it up and ask if you would make a comment, because I didn't see that directly in there. In terms of shoes as both an infanorthotic device as well as a sensory deprivation aspect preventing, in the same way like hands, they're feeling the reaction of stuff in feet too. So if you just comment on shoes. Yes, yes, and so phase 1.3 of building your baby is to start to help people choose some of those devices appropriately. And it's true that shoes are a significant impedance to natural development. And so you might see a child in a set of shoes that, you know, in our world, in the ancestral world, we know that they're rigid devices, right? They're very, the soles are thick, they're tight, they're rigid, and they don't allow the infant to move appropriately. Which is why you see kids kick off their shoes as soon as they want to start playing, they kick off their shoes and go run. Because they feel more stable without those devices, if you will. And so it's true, there's a few brands that are out there, if for the most part, our daughter did not wear shoes. For the most part, if she did, there's a couple of brands that are very minimalistic and offer some safety on the bottom, but not a whole lot of support. So good question. And in regarding the sensory as well, because even when the infant was kind of like hanging there and kind of like tapping at the ground. But it's not getting, I mean, well, that's an aspect of the devices that you were showing too, but also on the ground when they do have shoes on, they're not sensing what's happening between their body and the environment. Like the struggle that you showed with them. You're exactly correct. And there was just that piece of research came out, and I'm sorry, I'm not citing it appropriately, but that showed shoes reduce sensation of the foot, whereas callus development does not reduce the ability to sense through the foot. So shoes alter sensory input, exactly correct. Thank you so much. Yeah, thank you. I'm coming from this at a lactation perspective that in the lactation world, we talk about holding your baby all the time. You know how important it is. There's some cultures that carry their baby almost the whole entire first year. So I'm just curious, this seems a little different because you want their baby on the floor all the time. Is it, I'm imagining, and that position that you showed to carry them and doesn't seem sustainable, but if you're going to hold your baby a long time, so. Yes, good question. So it's true. Don't take our work as saying put your child on the ground and neglect them. Engage with them on the ground, and when you do hold them, typically in those traditional cultures, like you see those infants supported fully, like their spine is supported by the carriers. So you don't see them being placed in the positions that allow them their biomechanical system to fail early on without the stability and support. So we don't have official statements from the building your baby brand about infant carriers or sort of the slings, that sort of thing. A general statement is if the spine is supported, then the devices can be okay and used if they're not yet able to support their spine on their own, right? So if they can't physically verticalize themselves, then we have to provide them some support, otherwise they'll start to compensate with their mechanical development. Good question. Again, thanks so much for having me and for listening and check us out online. Thanks so much. Thanks so much, Chris.


Hello people of the internet, my name is Johnny and welcome back to another FNAF news video. We have a lot to go through today. Also I may be missing out on some things. We have been getting a lot of news recently, especially for security breach. So if I've missed some things, I'm really sorry. Also I'm recording this on the 18th of July and I'm expecting that I'm going to post this tomorrow on the 19th. So if anything comes up between now and then, I most certainly will have missed it. At least in this video, it will probably get slated onto the next news video, which knowing this franchise will probably be like next week or something. Anyways, let's hop straight into it. Also I don't know how well this is going to work, but I'm going to try and leave timestamps in the description. So if you want to check out a certain news regarding the franchise, it should also come up when you scroll your mouse over the timeline of the video. It should say like, oh, we're going to be talking about Scholastic's new book here. Oh, we're going to be talking about FNAF art right here. Hopefully that works out well. I don't know how well it's going to work, but I'm going to try and get that done. So if you want to skip to some point in the video, feel free to. Anyways, speaking of Scholastic's new book, they're making a new book. The official Five Nights at Freddy's colouring book was announced a couple days ago over on Amazon. Now, we already have a colouring book. I think it's called The Art with Edge. It has mango on the cover. So we already have a colouring book, but I guess this is the official one coming from Scholastic. So that's really exciting because The Art with Edge was made by Crayola. It looks like it will be releasing on January 1st, 2021. So quite a ways away, there's no cover, there's no description. This is all we have on it so far. So Clickteam announced the other day that Nintendo of Europe and Xbox versions of Sister Location are live and they are still working with Sony on their release. For some reason, it appears that Sony has moved the release date from July 10th, 2022 to July 20th, 2022. They are working with them to assure that both North America and Europe version of Sister Location will release at the same time and they apologize for the delay. They say that they are highly frustrated and they had the team triple check to make sure that they were good with Sony North America. Once they saw it had not released, they logged in to see it now has the release date of the 20th. So a bit of technical difficulties going on there and Clickteam is really sorry about that. Hopefully they can get it sorted out sometime very soon. Worst case scenario, we're just going to have to wait a couple more days. The more exciting news from Clickteam is that they have announced that they will wrap up all seven initial console ports by mid-September at the latest. That is very, very, very exciting. So all we're waiting for is Pizzeria Simulator and Ultimate Custom Night to come to consoles and at the very latest, they'll be coming out by mid-September, which is two months away. So in the next two months, we will have all of the games officially ported to iOS, Android and consoles. That is really exciting news. Moving on to FNAF, a RFNAF AR had an update recently where they introduced profile packs that you can buy for three United States dollars. They'll give you a pack with Freddy, Bonnie, Chica, Foxy. And I believe they've also added Mangle to the mix. And with your purchase, you will also receive 300 FAS tokens, which honestly, that's not a bad deal for only three bucks. They did have a hiccup the other day where they put in Lefty's profile picture instead of Toy Freddy's, which led many people, including myself, to theorize that maybe Lefty is the new character that Illumix has announced will be coming in August. Speaking of that, he was cute in saying it herself. She did a AMA over on her Instagram recently, and this is what she said. The question is, are you thinking of adding more characters in FNAF AR? Nightmares, fun times, et cetera. And she said, yes, lots of new characters coming. One in August and then lots more fan favorites this fall. We have been dealing with COVID also building out even more original AR tech to support some cool stuff for the future. That's really all I can share. So we have one new character coming next month and then loads more in the fall, which is really exciting. It's been a long time since we've had a character. Last time I said Mangle was our last one. And some people corrected me saying, actually, it was 8-Bit Baby. But really, do you really count 8-Bit Baby as a character? I mean, technically she is, but like, come on. Moving on to security breach now. This section will not contain spoilers. Just want to say that it will not contain spoilers. I have to think about that for a moment, but I should be able to hide the fact that there are spoilers on these posts. And I mentioned this previously, but in case you go on the Reddit, keep in mind that the spoiler tag for security breach information has been lifted. So if you don't want to get spoiled, I suggest staying away from Reddit, especially anything involving security breach. So some people have noticed that the merchandise for security breach has moved to early to mid-August. And I've said this before, my theory is that the original release state for the game was in August, but they pushed it back to continue working on it. And now, instead of releasing the game in August, they will release a trailer in August. So far, the action figures have a release date of August 21st and the calendar has a release date of, let me see, August 1st. What's even more interesting is I announced this on my Twitter a while back when I actually did it, but I have purchased the action figures and let me see how much, five mystery minis for security breach. And their expected release date is actually August 15th. So it seems like the release dates for this merchandise are a bit, you know, inconsistent. So that's kind of odd, but I guess sometime in August, all the merchandise will be releasing, at least all the merchandise that we know of so far, again, the calendars and the action figures and the mystery minis. So I said this before and I should have grouped this in with the FNAF AR news. But hey, that's my fault. But Toy Bonnie is back in FNAF AR. So there he is. He's a permanent character now to the roster and he can appear naturally. I'm not sure what streak he appears at. I'm guessing it's probably higher than Toy Chica, which I think she appears at like streak 10 or something. We're almost done. Still World Studios have now released the Oculus port of Help Wanted. They released it a couple of days ago over on the 16th and they just tweeted out now and that's it. So yeah, that is out if you want to get it on the Oculus Quest. Did I say what did I say? It's it's out on the Oculus Quest. I don't think I said it, but it's the quest. And finally, this is something that most likely will have changed since the release of this video. But we have had a lot of new voice actors and actresses for security breach. I've made two videos on it so far. So if you missed out on those, you can go check them out in the description. So yeah, I'm not going to spend too much time on them in this video because again, I've already done videos on. So that is all of the news so far. Again, some things may be slightly different because I'm recording this like a day earlier than it's going to come out. So if I've missed some things, sorry. Also, I should have grouped these a lot better so I could, you know, easily put them with a timestamp. So I guess I made it harder on myself.  Sorry. But yeah, that's it for today. Thank you so much for watching. I'll see you all on the flip side. Goodbye.


Hei allan. Yna'r taw wahanol yma yw Russell Cooper, rwy'n cael ei wneud yn rhan o'r cynwt o'r ffordd yng ngyfnog, yr adferfodd yng ngyfnod yng ngyfnog yng Nghymru. Rhaid i'n credu. Felly, y ffordd 4.5 yr ysgol yng Nghymru, rydyn ni wedi bod yn ysgol y tîm hyn o'r bach ychynod yw Brystle Hacksbas, bod yna'r ffordd o'r gwaith ymddangos. Felly y peit eich eich awr yn rhywbeth gyda'r cwmwych, yn ddechrau cyfnodol i'r golygu ar gyfrofit a gyda'r ffordd? Felly rydyn ni'n fwyoldo gyda'r bobl. Mae gael yr oed... Mae gael yr oed hyn oedd y gydag, ac mae'r gael yma ar gyflugio'r ddisblwys, mae'r yma ar gyflugio ar gyflugio ar gyflugio ar gyflugio ar gyflugio. a ddyneth sy'n ôl yng Nghymru. Rydyn ni'n gael iawn i'w prosesio yma i'w ddweud o 400lb y unig, ac rwy'n cael ei bwysig y peth oedd yn y ddweud o'r unrhyw ymlaen. Yn cael y cyflwyno gyda'n ei gwybod, sy'n cael ei oed o ran reilogau multilinell o'r cyd-rhyw o'r market cyflwyno o beth o'r newydd oed. Mae ydych chi'n meddwl yw'r llyngen, mae'r llyfr o'r llyfr yn rhan o'r llyfr o'r llyfr, nhw'n maes ei gafod o ymryd â'r beth, dwi'n gwneud y llai yn brym hwnnw. Felly, rydyn ni gynnwys ar hyn yn ach chi'n eistedd i'w bryrach. Hwnni, a dyna'r gweld, rydyn ni'n brym hwnnw, dyna'r gweld yn gallu mwyfyr ddymiadol, wrth gael yr ysgrifennu ar yr ymlawn, rydyn ni'n ddechrau bod ymleidio gwrth ymlawn i bardzo ei mewn gwir. ac ydych yn oed yn y bwysig ychydig yma. A dyna'n meddwl ystod o'r cyfnodd angen a sut ymgyrch iawn y bwysig mae'r bwysig yn y rhai. Ac rwy'n ganddo nhw'n golygu'n gweithio'r bwysig yn golygu'n cyllidau. Mae'n ffordd i'r clywed. Mae'r bwysig yn y bwysig? Rwy'n gallu'n ddod. Yr hyn yn gweithio'r bwysig. Hello, I'm Ed Rogers, I'm the director of Bristol Braille Technology and we are working on the Canute. The Canute is a radical new Braille e-reading device. It's like a kindle for blind people. It makes digital Braille far more affordable than anything that can exist on the market by having multi-line Braille, which means that you can see a whole page of Braille and it will cost hundreds of pounds rather than thousands of pounds which the existing models currently cost. Now we want to take the prototypes that we've already made over the last couple of years. We're on the Mark 9 now. We want to take this prototype and we want to make a batch of them and trial them in schools around the UK, in Ireland, maybe in America. And we want to get the feedback from these schools about how to make the Canute into the perfect device for learning Braille and for literacy in general. We want the Canute to be a tool which can help reverse the decline in Braille usage and therefore increase literacy around the world. So we've been working with Braille. The Braille is a community organisation established in 2014 designed to give a voice to blind people so that they can be involved in the creation of their own technology, especially around digital Braille. Having an affordable multi-line Braille display would be transformative, I think, for Braille. A multi-line Braille would certainly make studying science and technology subjects more feasible, I think, for blind students. Take computer programming for example, been able to review code across multiple lines of Braille. That would be a very powerful use case for multi-line Braille. Braille for children in school, they could do maths on it. Well, they could get a hold of material, be loaded onto it electronically so that it would be readily available in Braille. It's very disempowering to be in a room and to be told well, all the information you want is on the screen. But that doesn't help a blind person to feel that they're part of the meeting or part of the experience.  Well, hopefully it would mean that I'd have access to more books. And I can think of practical uses for it, like for instance I read in church once a month and my Braille missile at the moment is 15 volumes and searching for things in it is a nightmare. So it would be much quicker if I could load the missile on to something like Canute. Same with recipes, I could take it to the kitchen and look up things instead of having to trade something downstairs to my computer to get the Braille stuff I want. Well, for the last two years the developers of Canute Bristol Braille technology have worked closely with the Braillists who are a community of, I think, around about 200 Braille enthusiasts, some of us are Braille readers, some of us teach Braille, some of us are parents, children who read Braille. So Bristol Braille technology have paid very close attention to the needs and the views of that community in the development of Canute. I think very early on in the development of the Canute blind people were involved. I certainly remember Ed contacting me and saying he needed to involve vision impaired people in testing and giving feedback and generally being involved at every stage of the development. We told them what we wanted in terms of the number of lines, the length of the characters and they've gone away and tried to build this. It's very gratifying to see what's taken place, what's actually come about. For me it's a great encouragement and I think I feel it's really valuable. I feel like I have a sense of ownership of this project and a commitment to see it through to success. I certainly feel glad that I've been a part of it. I've been able to show off to some of my friends who don't live in Bristol who have said, oh, I wish I was a part of that. I'd like to be a part of that. It would be a good thing for me as well. It's a bit longer than I remembered but that's why we're doing the project. To summarise the goals, it's to increase literacy amongst blind people because there's an overall decline in the use of Braille which sort of cuts off access to books and other things. We're also hoping that through involving them with the development of it we could help bring more of the blind community into the hackspaces. As a point of interest, one of the other goals is when the project is at a more finalised stage is to release the knowledge in a CERN-based open source hardware licence. Moving on to some more technical things. The Braille is on a 2.5mm dot pitch and then there are six pins or six bumps per cell. There's another grade of Braille that has eight pins but we're working on six because it's mechanically easier to deal with. The page we're working on is an American standard of 40 characters per line often referred to in Braille as cells and then 13 lines per page. The interesting thing there is you have 3,840 individual dots to address and control for each page refresh. The equivalent of turning over the page in your reading book or diary would involve the control of 3,840 dots. The thing that crosses everybody's mind especially if they have some electrical or technological background is it can be done with magnets or solenoids and I'm sure that any one of you in the audience would be thinking much the same. However, magnets just don't work because by the time you've built your electromagnets down to a 2.5mm pitch so as they're sitting in rows 2.5mm apart you'll get magnetic crosstalk. The core of the solenoid being the bit that is actuated by the magnetic force becomes so thin that the resultant force on it is nowhere near enough to take the force of somebody's fingertips going over the top. So really the idea of using solenoids even though it's the most obvious is difficult. The other thing is cost and things cost and lots of things cost. So if you use an individual actuator per dot not only is there a lot of them but however inexpensive they are having almost 4,000 of them is going to be prohibitively expensive to get something into the front room of your average guy who either needs it or who is interested in learning the medium of Braille. So our project has gone down the path saying well can't we be more efficient with the use of actuators and can't we address more than one dot or one bump with one actuator and we've come down to what we think is a minimum which is using a matrix of actuators one up the side of the machine and one across the top to make a matrix of 16 row actuators and 40 column actuators making a grand total of 56 actuators that would control individually the 384 bumps that would make a page of Braille and we've done that by implementing and developing a cunning arrangement of gears and levers and to coin a phrase that often ban round is using the sort of tried and tested Victorian horology clockwork mechanisms with the modern control of microprocessors and so far we've had promising success with it. The other task is to make the machine repeatable one of the ideologies of the whole project was to not only open up literacy Braille to electronic devices in the developed world but also make it available for people in the developing world where I believe there's a higher instance of visual impairment and for this we'd have to be able to make each machine with accessible tooling such as laser cutters that you now find in every hackspace, CNC mills which are almost an everyday thing and 3D printing but through our path of producing the machine and the prototypes we discovered various materials limitations such as nothing is flat which might sound obvious and it might not if you've never needed anything to be flat we've come across problems of laser cutters distorting thin material if you have a very thin sheet and you put lots of holes in it it then warps in the middle because it's distorted being melted on the edges you can make very complicated acrylic shapes you can see some in some photographs in a moment however acrylic is fragile and it snaps and if you get the wrong kind of solvent on it it self destructs in front of you the other obvious material is acetyl it's kind of a wonder milling machine millable material however acetyl bends it's soft material so if you make a precise machine out of acetyl it will no longer be precise in a day or two because you put it down irregularly and it's slowly creep crept and distorted out of shape the other engineering problems we've had are problems of miniaturisation in that we'll test an idea at five times scale so you can pick it up and handle it but then when you miniaturise it it gets smaller yet the accuracy of your machine stays the same so the actual tolerance and scale are related so as it gets smaller the inaccuracy, for instance your laser cutter becomes more and more significant and we've come across various problems with that as well the other approach we've made is whenever we've tested a new idea we've tested it on one braille cell with six pins so we've got a lot of support around a very small area but then when you increase that area to 40 cells which is about a foot, you know, 30 millimetres then all of a sudden the force of resting a finger on the middle of a bar that's only three millimetres thick for instance, is significant and not only does it distort under the pressure of reading but then any machine moving on this support rail underneath is applying force along the whole length and then it bends and we've ended up having to use in the prototypes ground carbide rods which are prohibitively expensive for the final machine and that presents another engineering problem we're going to have to get over before we can go into mass production and the phrase at the bottom we've not been able to run test of miniaturisation as we don't have the resources is a combined problem of working on limited budget with the turnaround cost of having a lot of things rapidly prototyped especially now as the machine has become so sensitive to tolerance that we've had to have parts for it made on some of the top 3D printers in the country and we just don't have the resources to say we'll have one of those, then we'll have one slightly differently and then slightly differently again, we have to make an entire machine and almost guess that our intuitive calculations on why it went wrong the previous time were right so to highlight some of the prototypes we've been through is this is one of the earlier ones some of you might recognise the simple stepper motors on the end there's commonly available hacketype ebay purchase, Chinese motors and then the whole machine at that time was made out of acrylic which was fairly good, it did the job but if it suffered any kind of shock or blow it would break and also as we strive to get the machine more repeatable and more accurate we noticed that the laser cut edges were nowhere near as accurate as you would think and that was a bit of an opener to us all because we'd all made many things on laser cutters personal things, projects, laser cut stuff in our everyday life but then when you start actually measuring it the machines almost give you a different cut every day you go to them despite nobody using it in between so it's things like that so we'd make one prototype and we'd make a duplicate and they'd behave differently because they'd be cut out slightly differently this particular machine uses brass pins and solenoids so the rows up the side were controlled by stepper motors and then the columns for one of a better word were controlled by a solenoid actuation this wasn't anywhere near the figures I mentioned earlier for a number of actuators but it was still quite low this is another prototype we made, much bigger stepper motors more like the ones you'd find on rep-wrap 3D printers only these are slightly bigger the other problem that this brought with the laser cutter grillic was stepper motors moving steps which is an audible sound then when you have a bunch of them in a machine that sides are made from loosely clipped together or tightly clipped together acrylic sheets you have a sounding board like a musical instrument and the thing would sit there and buzz and click and were like some sort of late 80s sort of rave booming box it was quite comical but nothing you could actually ever give out to anyone and say here this is a braille machine because it would disrupt anyone else in the room that might be with you one of the materials we moved on to was a seatle because it didn't break, we were having breaking problems with some of the smaller parts they were just not durable so we used laser cutter seatle and this was fantastic however it was apart from being slightly more expensive it was bendy and again it was laser cut and the problem as I mentioned before with laser cuts is it's not as accurate as you would think and this is compounded by the fact that the delrin or the seatle melts as it's cut so when you're making gears out of a seatle and interacting parts is there's a greater level of unknown than you would like I put this on because I found it quite a comical photo we had to demonstrate this to some partners or colleagues in America and basically the evening before of the flight we were working with this prototype and someone said how are you going to carry it through customs because you can't possibly put this on the plane a briefcase appeared out of nowhere and it was put in there like some child's comedy spy film briefcase and we thought what with the current state of things because this only flew earlier in the year this one we thought it would produce all manner of security problems taking it to a demo which was very important because that's the sort of forum and the place where we can demonstrate our research and prototypes in order to gain more funding and credibility amongst the communities we're trying to support and really it produced no trouble at all in airport security and getting it on an airplane which is a prize for us so we're not quite sure what they're looking for there this is the first working prototype we were able to give this to people and they had it in their homes for a few days one guy a few weeks and this has Raspberry Pi in it that has a select number of books that we've converted the format on and there's various you see the buttons up and down each side the black buttons for selecting menu options however, unforeseen problems is we developed this one for several months put it in the box, tested it, gave it to people, tested it it was fine because everyone treated it like it was worth a fortune like it was some precious artefact and then one day someone was walking with it and did not much more than a comedy trip taking it to someone for a demo and the pins bounced higher than they bounced before and rested on another internal part of the mechanism and stayed there on that occasion we had completely dismantled the machine reset the pins, put them in with tweezers because I think there's about 500 on this particular machine and once they're back in, assemble it, take it out to the next demo and on the second time it did it we decided that it wasn't worth the three days of disassembly and reassembly so we had to move on to the next prototype and completely eradicate that as a possible failure for each idea we have we've had to test it unfortunately this isn't as clear as it was but we're testing a rack and motor mechanism so instead of solenoids moving to more controllable motors and often when we produce things like this is we set them going we put some kind of feedback on them whether it be optical, with a Raspberry Pi camera or merely contact switches and leave them running for several days to prove to ourselves that the idea is going to be successful and again this is one of many prototypes and mock-ups that we've had to make the other way of testing ideas again this is looking at a rack and pinion idea is you make something larger this looks like it's about five scale even with the best CAD images there's nothing like making something and having it in your hands and poking it, prodding it, flexing it and just seeing how it works when it moves and interacts with the rest of the mechanism these also proved invaluable because we demonstrate every couple of months in various braille groups that we've set up around the country and it's almost empowering to give something like this out to a braille audience and say this is what we're talking about this is what's on the screen and you can feel the gear and the pinion interact and with not so much this one but with other ones this is how we make the dots rise up and down because without that it's very difficult to explain to a visually impaired person what exactly it is you're talking about and this is another idea of gears and interaction and assembly is a separate problem it's all very well designing these mechanisms but the assembly of them is crucial and I've put this one up because it's made of many laminates the whole machine was made I think there were four or was it five acetyl laminate sheets for each braille cell and then we wanted 40 of these in a row and these were held in alignment we actually used the bicycle spoke it was the right diameter and their hardened material with bicycle spokes threaded through long ways so if you needed to maintain or inspect a portion in the middle of the machine you had to slide these spokes out and then the machine probably fell apart it had some sort of crazy origami failure and again you don't think about these things until you've built a machine and it's ready to assemble and then you want to take it apart again and it's unforeseen problems I've mentioned several times the problems we've had with laser cutting some of the things we do are not suited for CNC milling so more recently about springtime this year we started moving to 3D printed parts and it's beyond the scope of any DIY 3D printer because of the tolerance and the accuracy we need we've ended up having the centre of the machine now all 3D printed which is a step away from having it made in a back of a hackspace in a developing country but our development and our learning prove that that was an unachievable target and these particular 3D parts are produced on a machine that at its highest resolution give 16 micron layers and then an overall accuracy across the full area it works on of something like 0.3mm which is about within what we can accept so the project has gone from laser cut parts through its range of materials and then on to 3D parts unfortunately I was going to bring a demo in I was going to bring what we call a POC a proof of concept machine which is a piece of hard board with circuit boards screwed onto it and maybe three or four cells in the middle working but we posted that to a researcher in America last week and the actual demo is with some braille lists I believe it's in one of the schools in Worcester at the moment so I couldn't bring that in and I didn't think it valued to bring in just a few bits so unfortunately I have no physical demo for that so the next stage after using 3D printed parts is then to have them injection moulded which is the only way you can produce things of this accuracy with any kind of repeatability and cost advantage which is something we hope to move into next year so that's about as far as I've got with what I was going to talk about so if anyone wants to ask any specific questions I'll write you a microphone, yeah, cheers What sort of production volumes are needed and how many do you expect to make? At the moment we're making six working prototypes which will be the first ones that will go out to people on a sort of beta test and we've got some of the braille groups will share one we've got schools and colleges and I believe there's at least one going to American colleagues but the overall goal which in the short video I showed you at the beginning is after is thousands and he wants it to be mass produced and we've got the support of the R&IB in this country we've got personal friends as the wrong way of putting it but we're now on talking terms with their research guys they're interested in the project and he has a similar interest from the equivalent of the R&IB in America so when it hits production hopefully it will be mass produced so I hope that answers your question Two questions and then something to mention so questions, what is your target price for this and is the machine going to also have a braille keyboard that is the typical 10? The target price is very difficult to predict but we're aiming for the target price to be about 440 pounds around the 500 pound mark and that was for a full page which is why did you miss the beginning? No, I saw the 16 line by 49 which is one of the major cost benefits is a reduced number of actuators yet more moving parts so the idea is to open up literacy or braille to people who are just interested as well as people who depend on it to talk about the keyboard is we plan on having remote links or radio links, whether it be wifi, Bluetooth, network or whatever to other devices so for instance you can have your text go straight to it which means it looks quite bulky at the moment but hopefully it will be laptop size so as you can read your text for instance on a bus without the guy next to you having to listen in on every occasion if it's through a text-to-speech type thing Have you compared to existing refresher brails where they have like a one or two line display and a nine key keyboard? It's not a full keyboard, it's the braille keyboard It's based on the Perkins machine It is something we talk about but we're so concentrating on making the display that almost a row of buttons on the front is a technical triviality It might be a huge, huge feature and very useful but from a development point of view it's something we can't focus on because we have a fair amount of money but it's still limited for the development and once it's on the machine it's difficult to remove the feature theory it's difficult to take away it's very easy to add it afterwards version two has a keyboard and we'd have to do that Fair enough Also just separately one thing to mention is I'm running crash courses in blind navigation hopefully not too crash ad hoc so I actually do use a cane so if you would like to know how to do so just come find me, it's on the schedule Two questions How much harder would it be to do eight dot braille and do you anticipate getting the power consumption down to the level where you can reasonably run it off batteries At the moment we're focusing on the one standard of braille I can't recall the different grades of braille but at the moment there's not much interest in art ways It's not really not interesting it's at the moment we're focusing on six dot braille Sorry what was your second question? The power consumption yes I mean at the moment the power consumption is quite high it's in the order of 120 watts that's because we've got many stepper motors in it One of the things I didn't mention earlier is it's fantastically expensive to have motors made to a specification so we've had to use motors that are readily available because we need them to be cheap to fit our design budget as well as the overall budget of it being a cheap machine to produce eventually that only leaves us mass produced motors so that the main actuator motor in there is from I believe a CD draw and we've also used the motor that scans a floppy drive head but the target is battery powered and a day's use is what we're aiming for because of course it consumes no power once it's got a display on it it switches off internally I think we're probably going to have to wrap that up I'm afraid but if anyone does have any more questions then I'm sure Russell will be available to answer them afterwards I'm going to hang around the tent afterwards if you want to chat Cool okay thank you very much again Russell


Now that we know that we need to diversify our portfolio, let's talk about texting. This is, I would argue, the most important form of communication these days, unfortunately. I wish it was not the case. I wish it wasn't either. But unfortunately, it is the most effective method of communication in dating these days. 12 years ago, we set out to write our guide to texting. And we had a couple of coaches at the time. The whole team was sending thousands of text messages to all those very lucky women in New York City. Slit testing, everything. Nicknames, emojis, memes, gifs, everything under the sun. To try to figure out what were the most effective ways to get these lovely women of New York City to meet up with us. And what we found in all of that research I think still holds true. Texting is really only effective in two ways. Playful, flirty, silly, not taken seriously messages and logistics. Unfortunately, many of us with text, our default state is attempt to build rapport. Share our details, intimate photos, trying to paint pictures and go into long drawn out conversations. Well, what's the reason there, right? It is if I could get this person to like me before I meet him then the work that I'm gonna have to do in person is not gonna have to, it's not gonna be much. Right, it'll be mitigated. No rejection if they already like me. Right, and what cracks me up. And even people who know this still think, they'll rationalize it somehow that they can make this happen. And I, it cracks me up.  I'm trying to make, it's like, that is going to happen face to face. And we've already took out and shown the research of even with things such as Skype and whatnot, we still need face to face in person interaction in order to pick up all the micro expressions that our subconscious needs to read in order to feel fulfilled on a human connection level. And let's think about this. There's an entire emoji keyboard. And what happens basically yearly? It grows in size. Why? Because we need more emotional context for our text messages. And it's funny because 12 years ago we came out of the book we got pilloried because of the nicknames and because of the emojis. Everyone thought it was juvenile. Why all the emojis?  I don't get it. You need the emojis to convey the emotional context so that the text doesn't get taken the wrong way. And I want to comment on that, which is that you've known me for quite a long time though. And I'm a very expressive person. And I find it difficult to write an email or a text without emojis at this point because I'm trying to express so many different emotions that my face is going to be able to do, that my tonality is going to be able to do, that you just can't do through an email or a text. And sometimes I have to stop myself because I'm like, this is a business email. Stop with the emoji. However, but I'm like, and I have to have this debate that I want to show this person that I'm excited for what's going on or what's going on. That's what the colon parentheses means. I mean, it is, and what's funny about this is just how over time it has the evolution of this and where we are at now. And I can't imagine where it's going to be in another decade. So if it's not playful, flirty, or it's not meet here, shows at eight, here's the pickup spot, here's my Uber pin, it really should not be sent over a text message. It should be a phone call or an in-person conversation.  And unfortunately, some listening right now are like, oh crap, I'm doing that right now with Tinder.  A few days ago, I was coming over here. I was in an Uber in this, and the radio station that the guy had on had whatever morning shock jock guys on and doing their thing. And he was talking about how he uses Tinder or bubble, one of the things. And they were talking about online dating. And I was laughing because he was talking about that he'll start texting with the girl when he gets a match and if there's a connection, then he'll meet out. And I was dying laughing because I'm like, how many opportunities did he blow because he was trying to get a connection through text? Well, let's talk about the typical problems that we're seeing across the board with text. The first is just boring, same old blog text. Hey, what's up? How are you? No one wants to get those texts. And think about it. Think about, okay, 10 years ago where there was no Tinder, there was no Bumble, there was no any of this and online dating was a thing, but it wasn't as well used as it is now. This is, remember, this stuff wasn't on everybody's phone. The hey, what's up? That girl has got 30 of those texts and her profile today. Right, that's a sea of hey, what's up? So you gotta stand out. That's the number one. And the easiest way to do that is to showcase some silly playfulness and banter in that opening message. All right, let's talk about the second pitfall. A lot of times we see that guys get really good with being playful and bantery and cracking jokes and using emojis and that's all they do. And it's endless. That's endless.  It's like, come on, make her laugh, make the other person laugh, have a little fun and then move to the meetup. Move to actually seeing someone in person with that. What I do wanna say, and we all have had this pressure is when we're texting, because it's impersonal, I call it the troll effect. We will often say things that we would never say to someone in person. In the heat of the moment, we'll say something that we wouldn't say in person. Why? Because we're behind the screen because it's completely impersonalized. So think before you text. We don't wanna be boring and we don't wanna just endlessly banter. The last thing I wanna say is you have to understand that everything over text is read in a very dry way. So sarcasm without emojis, humor without emojis are not going to benefit you over text. It's gonna be taken the wrong way. The witty banter and the zingers, if not done right, because there's outside of the no context and you're working with just text and some emojis, you're hoping to convey a certain thing that only tonality and micro expressions is able to convey. And I've seen people blow it because of the banter was just taking in the wrong way. They just couldn't figure it out. And that sense of humor is just tough to deliver. That biting sarcastic sense of humor is tough to deliver. The last thing I wanna say about text is from a logistical standpoint, be declarative. Let the other person know we're meeting here, we're doing this, this is what's going on. The more questions we ask, the less likely people are to show up. So understand being declarative, hey, we're going here, I'd love to see you, pick you up at eight, meet it over here, we're going to the show at nine. That tends to be more effective. Over the tens of thousands of texts that we sent over the years, those opportunities have given us a playbook that we actually now can say, start to finish, if you're having fun, use text as a logistics, instead of asking you actually say, hey, this is what we're doing, allow people to join, you're gonna kill it over text. And that source of communication is now gonna become a strength in your dating life.


We all live in a world where social intelligence and first impressions matter. So today, I'm going to cover the last third of one of my favorite books, How to Talk to Anyone by Leo Laundice. Hey brainwash friends, I'm Aaron Tupaz of Positively Brainwash, and if you haven't seen the first or second part yet, then you can click on the I on the top right. But without further ado, let's begin! The first tip is to simply understand that many successful people in big shots are busy and are difficult to get a hold of. You will often get ignored and some of them even have secretaries or someone to screen calls for them. And some of these gatekeepers are very well trained and have many tricks up their sleeves. They may say something like, oh of course Mr. X, I'll put you right through. Now when the secretary comes back with the bad news that Mr. Big is unavailable, callers don't usually take it personally. So some of the next tips will help you bypass them. Tip number 64 is to always try to greet the secretary, spouse, or the family members of whoever you're trying to reach and understand that they have lives, feelings, and names too. So try to get to know them a little better. They have a lot of influence in whether you will be able to contact your target person or not. This is important even in business meetings and parties. They might even put in a good word for you. So take the time to get to know them. Tip number 65 is to ask if it's a convenient time to talk.  You can then ask when they'll next be free to talk. Next, if you have an outgoing voicemail message, change it from time to time. This goes for when you have to send emails or invitations. Personalize things if you can. This makes people feel special. Tip number 67 is to clear your throat when you make a call. If you're sent to voicemail, pretend it's a big Broadway producer saying, Next, this is your big 10 second addition to prove that you're worthy of a callback. In today's social media and texting world, try sending a creative and personal video message instead of a simple old boring text message. Next, if you want the gatekeeper to think that you are buddy buddy with the Avoid using your target's name. Just let the pronouns he or she roll off your tongue. Don't say, uh, may I speak to Mrs. Big, please? Just announce. Hi, Bob Smith here. Is she in? This will make you sound as if you know your target. Next, if you're in a call with someone and you hear his or her spouse in the background, be prepared to stop speaking in mid sentence if necessary and say, I hear your spouse or I hear your dog, baby, your phone or whatever. Ask whether they need to attend to it. Don't hold people hostage from what they need to do. Now, whether they actually need to attend or not, this tells them that you are sensitive to what's going on in their world and that you're a top communicator for asking. Tip number 70 is to record your business conversations and listen to them again. It's like football fans who often don't know if there was a fumble until they see it all over again in instant replay. Even on the second and third time, you may pick up on significant subtleties that you missed the first time. Next, when you're in a party, avoid holding food and drinks when you're interacting with the big shots. If you have ever lived in a farm or have a cat or dog, you would know that animals hate being disturbed while eating. When big shots scan a party room, they will pass right over you if they see you munching. This is why many politicians eat before they come to a party. They know that any objects except their belt buckle has the effect of a brick wall between two people. So decide if you're coming to a party to munch or mingle, but do not expect both. When you arrive at a gathering, stop dramatically in the doorway. Then slowly survey the situation.  It's important to note that you shouldn't be thinking, look at me. You're doing this to diagnose the situation you're walking into. Take note of the lighting, the bar, music, and see who is talking to whom. Then use the next tip to decide who your first, second, and third target will be. Tip number 73 is to not stand around in a party waiting for the moment when that special person approaches you. The lifelong friend, the love of your life, or the business contact who will transform your future may not be at the party. However, someday, somewhere he or she will be. So approach who you think is worth approaching. If you don't know what to say, you can try. I'm Todd. I wanted to talk to you. Now to smooth a potentially awkward moment, you can quickly ask questions like, how do you know the hostess? Or do you live in the area?  Learn to stand in an open body position, especially your arms and hands. People instinctively gravitate towards open palms and wrists. You can check out my video on body language for more details on this subject. You should also position yourself in a high traffic area like near a doorway where everyone must pass through. Tip number 75, like an air traffic controller, you should track the tiniest details of your conversation partners, such as how their business is doing, their family, or any trips they're planning. So the next time you meet, your first words can be, hello Joe, how was your trip to Germany? Did your kid make the baseball team? Talk to them as if they are a star or major news story as if the world revolves around them. Next, right after you have talked to someone, write down keywords like their interest at the back of his or her business card or in your phone. So the next time you meet or message that person, you can try to toss references to their favorite restaurants, sports, movies, or drinks. You can also put them in separate lists on your Facebook based on interest, so you can share posts that are relevant to them. Next, the human body is a 24 hour broadcasting station that transmits. Always pay attention to your target's body language like if they are giving you eye contact and showing interest, or if they are starting to look away or closing their body language. If they are creating a wall, you can try making them interact with a prop, like showing something on your phone based on your common interests. If you can change people's body language to something more open, then you can change how they think. Tip number 78 is to be deaf to your target's cops, sneezes, burps, and hiccups. It doesn't matter how meaningful your bless use are, nobody likes to be reminded of their human frailty. If it's something very big, like your target spills something and creates a flood on the table, try to keep talking without missing a syllable of your sentence. Now if your target keeps apologizing, just say it's nothing and keep talking like it's no big deal. Next, when someone's story is aborted, let the interruption play itself. Give everyone time to awe on the little cutie, give their dinner order, or pick up the broken plate that fell. When the group reassembles themselves, simply say to the person whose story got interrupted, now please get back to your story. Or better yet, remember where they were and then ask, so what happened after the... The next tip is to mention the respective benefits when you ask a favor from someone. Tell the person what's in it for you and what's in it for the other person, even if it's nothing. If any hidden agenda comes up later, you get labeled as a sly fox. Let the person know how much it means to you because sometimes the joy of helping you out is a reward enough. Next, whenever a friend agrees to a favor, unless it's very urgent, allow your buddy time to relish the joy of his or her generosity before you take their time. How long? At least 24 hours.  Make sure you wait a suitable amount of time before asking him to pay. Let him enjoy the fact or fiction that you did it out of friendship. Next, it's important to know that parties are one of the three most sacred safe havens in the human jungle where even the toughest tiger knows that he must not attack. Parties are for pleasantries and good fellowship, not for confrontations. Big players, even when standing next to their enemies at the buffet table, smile and nod. They leave tough talk for tougher settings. Now the next most guarded safe haven is the dining table. It's okay to brainstorm and discuss the positive side of the business, but avoid any unpleasant matters. The big shots save all that for the conference room. Now the same rules apply in the social jungle. If one partner in a friendship or a love relationship has relationship issues to discuss, save them for after dessert. Even if you don't solve the problem, you want to enjoy the delicious chocolate souffle. The last safe haven are chance encounters, like when you coincidentally meet someone. If you're selling, negotiating, or in a sensitive communication with someone, do not capitalize on chance meetings. Simply keep the conversation sweet and light. Big winners make it safe for each other to accept invitations to play golf, spend the weekend in their country homes, or relax by each other's pools, where they know there will be no sharks swimming in the water. Tip number 86 is to empty people's tanks. Any kid working in a garage knows you can't pump more gas into a full tank. So before you pump your ideas into your listener's brains, let them talk first. Everyone has their own thoughts, worries, and enthusiasm. This is how you can get your own super supreme ideas to flow into their tanks unpolluted. The next tip is if you're in customer service or you're dealing with someone in a not-so-happy emotional state. Not only should you listen to them first, make sure you empathize and show that you truly care. Use words like, I understand how you feel. Oh, that must have been awful. Or, I'm sorry we caused you this pain and aggravation. This will often calm them down, and then you can use the next technique. Tip number 88 is to make your mistakes a chance to make your victims benefit. If you're in customer service or you just angered someone, it's not enough to just correct your mistake. Consider giving a discount, free gift card, or products, free dessert, or free anything.  Unless it's your responsibility to catch or correct the culprit, or you're saving other innocent victims by doing so, let the transgressor out of your trap in one piece, then resolve to never interact with that person again. Tip number 90 is when people provide you with excellent service. Tell them they're great and ask for their boss's contact info. Write a letter telling their boss how great the employee was. You can even use a template. Then you can send these letters to managers of stores you frequently visit and to the bosses of people you often do business with. You may even get lots of customer privileges, like parking privileges, great customer service, immediate callbacks from banks and insurance agents, discounts, and much more. Next, no matter how prominent the big cat behind the podium is, crouched inside is a little scaredy cat who is anxious about the crowd's acceptance.  So be the first to applaud or publicly commend the man or woman you agree with or want favors from. And the final tip is to recognize the great scorecard in the sky. Any two people have an invisible scorecard hovering above their heads. The numbers continually fluctuates, but one rule remains. The player with the lower score pays humble and respect to the player with the higher score. The penalty for not keeping an eye on the scorecard is to be thrown out of the game. Remember, good relationships are based on win-win, so it's important to give favors as much as we ask for them.


And a special performance is planned for you here this afternoon with top cowboys and you'll enjoy it and won't miss rodeo, what's your name? It's a personal filming here. Well, why don't you get on the horn and help me with that? Oh, that's gonna be light. And ever since I've been a flagged in the trouble spots in this old rodeo, I've always stayed on a fire in a cathedral. You see, I was born in freedom from my days. May my people always have the strength, the honor, the integrity, and the courage to keep me free and a beacon of hope in the entire world. Yes, that's what I would say. Good afternoon. Upload and store it. 73, 73 points for Mickey Young. 73 points for Mickey Young. 73. DJ Walker is speaking from Texas. Hi! 37-year-old veteran of the arena of war. Many times in the NFL. He is. He did what we call on the business double grab. If you touch the horse or any part of your rick or yourself in the pre-hand it's automatically no store total disqualification. So, have fun and check out. No money, no store there. Cross the count, JC for a heel. 1981 champion of the world. And so single one handed it to the other. There's some of our stores. Make well for the two veterans. This is to you, mother. With a pair of 7-22s and what. This goes to show you. If you drink, ladies and gentlemen, all the veterans in the world today. This show is ready for the Red Rooftop since 50-time. High on the top of any pair. Who's totally on the young British for the American Pain Forces Association.  I'm here with you. Can you do that? Hi, I'm here with you. Thank you. Beautiful. All four feet pointed in one direction. If you do that faster than anybody else. Well, look at the apartment. First man to go. Stan Williamson. Two times. He's better. He's stronger. And you see this man. Who's second both times. You'll hear his name. Mention. I'll tell you what, he had a bad start. But the cowboy never gave up. Came back and got him down. Seven seconds flat. Seven flat. Seven flat. The cowboy won his three world titles between 1952 and 1960. Mr. John W. Jones Jr. Less than half his age. Currently. Now we go to the young man who currently is ranked number one in the world in the race for the title in 1983. Sean Wendigo is John Wendigo is John Wendigo is He does it No false Are you sure? Well, check his heart. Check his heart? Yeah. Check his heart. See what his heart needs to say. No false. What about his heart? Nothing. Are you sure? You know what that means? Are you sure? Heart attack! Now wait a minute. What are you doing? If the man's had a heart attack I'm not leaving you out here in the middle of the arena. We need to get a hundred. Ladies and gentlemen, march forward, achieve the status that pro-Rodio and we are honored to have so many of them. Will you please join us as we show our appreciation as their colors pro-Rodio start. Ladies and gentlemen, the colors of the R.J. Reynolds sabbatical company. Now he moves into the lady that one of the members of the R.J. producer can team came to me just now and said we want to donate that eleven hundred dollars in money through John Davis. What do you think of that? I understood. And that is that one of the pictures of the cowboy out there in the cast and on the pictures is come where the place is. Again, I just want to thank you for being a bit of West and broad here and tomorrow I'm getting on the airplane.