Hey everyone welcome to another video lesson from navigation trading calm in this video I want to show you how we took a position that went Significantly against us to the point where we were down about ten thousand dollars on the trade and within a few months time We turned it into a winning trade The position that we had on was in ford slash cl, which is the oil futures contract And you know these contracts are pretty big from a standpoint of they use a lot of leverage and so when they move they're really going to move your P&L and We we put on a position initially and it went against us and and we went ahead and added a second position In our methodology we like to add up to three different positions You know in these contracts being as big as they are We definitely don't want to add more than two and in this case price went significantly against us And forced us to kind of manage our way out of the trade So I want to take you through the progression of the trade and show you what happened We started back here on October 19th was our first entry October 19th 2018 and we entered with a short strangle in ford slash cl Now you can see what happened as price just continued to slide to the downside And we went ahead and made an adjustment by rolling down our calls Just like we teach in our course and then a couple days later We went ahead and added another new centered Strangle around price at this point now as you can see what happened price just continued to slide big time and Each time you see the little bubble that means we made an adjustment But what you'll see here is that from the time that we got in to the low point that oil hit We had a 40% decline. So I get a lot of questions from members, you know, how does your strategy?  You know, what if the market crashes? Well, 40% decline I'd consider that a crash and In 2008 when the financial crisis was going on and you know, Bear Stearns and Lehman brothers went out of business I mean that that's the biggest Catastrophe that we've seen in a long time in the market and that was around a you know 40% decline in stocks and so that's exactly what we saw here in oil And so I want to take you through how we manage this and we just continue to stay mechanical Rolled our calls down when we got down to around 21 days to expiration We rolled out to the next cycle and we just continue to stay mechanical and collect credits along the way Until I got down to here and then at this point just kind of remembering back We thought okay now we're getting a little bit of a bounce and we're getting a little bit of stabilization in price And so that started to help our positions, right? We got kind of Reback into center, but just continued to manage that position now the problem is look what happened next We had a huge rally So not only did we start blowing through our positions to the upside now, but we had a even larger climb We had a 57% climb in oil from where at bottom there around 42 Climbed all the way up to around 66 dollars per barrel, but what we didn't do is we didn't freak out what we didn't do is we didn't panic All we did was we stayed mechanical with exactly the way that we teach to make roles and adjustments In the course when it comes to these short strangles So every time you see a little bubble, that's when we made another adjustment Remember we've got two different sets of short strangles going on here So we just continue to make those adjustments as needed and then you can see then price reversed and it came back down And then on May 23rd of 2019 and May 29th We ended up closing out both positions So this was our first exit here on May 23rd So we closed that one set and then on May 29th. We closed out the second set Now at one point we were down around $10,000 on this trade like I said the oil contracts are very big We did one contract on the first entry and we did just one contract on the second entry And so you can see but when you have a massive massive one-directional move like that With the leverage that these options on futures with oil Specifically that we're looking at that P&L can really really run quickly And so at one point we are down about $10,000 But again, we positioned ourselves from the get-go It a size where we knew we could manage out of it And that's the key the people who get hurt in Trading like this or the people that are trading too large for their account size and that's so critical now When we got to the point where we're down $10,000, I mean that that's much bigger I mean this is a huge massive move and so that's a much bigger move than anything that was expected And so at that point even just with two contracts with two different sets with one contract each It felt like that was too big for the account that we were trading and we were trading that point about it anywhere between 80 and $90,000 account was our overall account size and we had all our other positions But by keeping our position size small enough not only did it allow us to manage out of this position But we still had enough cash in our account to make our other trades And that's critical too because if you get to the point where you get too large on a position You have to close out all your other positions just to manage this one. That's problematic as well So not only were we small enough to manage this one, but where you're still able to Book enter and close enter and close and book profits on our other positions Which helped make up for you know some of the open losses that we're seeing during this time But on this position alone like I said, we were down about $10,000 at one point Rallyed all the way back to a point and again it you know It took us from October to May to manage out of this position But keep in mind those are two massive massive moves a 40% decline a 57% climb and with our methodology the way that we trade We really like two-sided action, right? I mean that's where we really make our money and anytime you have an extended one directional move with very little Pullbacks like you saw on both of these moves. That's gonna be a very problematic Scenario to trade but again just by staying mechanical and doing exactly what we do with our roles and our adjustments Rolling the untested side rolling out in time to extend duration collecting credits along the way We were able to come back from a $10,000 loser all the way back to a profitable trade I'll pull up our trade tracker here This is a just a real simple spreadsheet that we use to calculate our adjustment So you can see starting back on 1019 and we just simply put it anytime we collected a credit That's a positive number anytime we bought back for a debit That's a negative number and just added these up over time and then when we got out on 529 You can see we have a total profit on the trade of $460 now you might be thinking okay, you went from a $10,000 loser to a $460 winner. That's not a good risk reward. Well, I agree with that from a standpoint of yeah That's not what we wanted to happen But the fact that we could take a trade that turned into a $10,000 loser within a month and turn that back into a winner That is a critical critical thing to be able to do when you're trading if you can turn your losers into winners And then just continue to book your profits on the easy ones. That's how you create consistent profits over time You know a lot of people in the trading industry, you know There's this old fallacy that they say cut your losers short and let your winners run That sounds good on paper. The big problem is it doesn't really work in actual trading You've got to limit your profitability, which gives you a higher probability of success We book our winners and we extend duration on our losers And that's the only way to trade and that's the only way to to become consistently profitable So I hope this was helpful, you know anytime that you're trading and you have Kind of a larger open loss Just remember it as long as you stay mechanical, you know price is going to be cyclical over time It's not going to go in one direction forever And we had a 40% move in one direction then a 57% move on top of that in the other direction And we are still able to manage back to a profitable trade and again Not to beat a dead horse, but the key to us being able to do this was the size of our position Okay, some people who traded larger They weren't able to hold on and manage out of this type of trade and that's because their position size was too large Relative to their account, but if you stay small you can manage out of anything and you can get back to profitability I hope this was helpful If you have any questions let us know if you want to check out everything we're doing go to navigation trading com see in the next video


Youngsters are starting to cut themselves and it's a pandemic of cutting. It used to be a few cases. Now they just take a knife and they start cutting themselves. They bleed, they cut themselves again, they bleed. And this goes on sometimes for years. Sometimes they hold bodies full of cuts. The fundamental ground for this happening is because they don't feel themselves anymore. And the reason they don't feel themselves anymore is because the consciousness has contracted. It is no more present in the material body. It is no more present in the materiality of the body.


There are all sorts of different scoring systems to rate diet quality. My favorite, for its simplicity, is the dietary phytochemical index, a fancy name for a simple concept. It's just the percentage of your calories from whole plant foods, so 0 to 100. The average American diet has a score of 12, 12 out of 100. So like on a scale of 1 to 10, our diet is a 1. You can split people up based on how they score and show how the higher you score, the better your metabolic markers when it comes to diabetes risk. There appears to be like this stepwise drop in insulin resistance and insulin-producing beta-cell dysfunction as you eat more and more plant-based. And that highest group was only scoring about 30. Less than a third of their diet was whole plant foods, but better than the lowest, which was down around the standard American diet. No wonder. Diet centered around plants, emphasizing legumes around beans, split peas, chickpeas, and all those whole grains. Vegetables, fruits, nuts and seeds, and discouraging, most or all animal products, are especially potent in preventing type 2 diabetes, and as a little bonus, has been associated with much lower rates of obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular mortality, and cancer. And not just preventing type 2 diabetes, but treating it as well. A systematic review and meta-analysis found that the consumption of vegetarian diets is associated with improved blood sugar control. But how much improved? Here's one of the latest trials. The effect of a strictly plant-based diet centered around brown rice was done in Asia, versus the conventional diabetic diet on blood sugar control of patients with type 2 diabetes, a 12-week randomized clinical trial. For the diabetic control diet, they set up food exchanges and calculated specific calorie and portion controls, whereas on the plant-based diet, people could eat as much as they want. That's one of the benefits. The emphasis is on food quality rather than quantity, and they still actually lost more weight. But even after controlling for the greater abdominal fat loss in the plant-based group, they still won out. Of course, it only works if you actually do it, but those that pretty much stuck to the healthier diet dropped their A1C levels, 0.9%, which is what you get by taking the leading diabetes drug, but of course only with good side effects. Yeah, but would it work in an underserved population? The impact of a plant-based diet support program on mitigating type 2 diabetes in San Bernardino, the poorest city of its size in California. A randomized controlled trial, but not of a plant-based diet itself, as the title suggests, but of just an education program telling people about the benefits of a plant-based diet for diabetes, and then it was up to them. And still got a significant improvement in blood sugar control. Here are the numbers. I got a little better in the control group, but way better in the plant-based instruction and support group. And more plant-based diets are not just effective in the prevention and management of diabetes, but also its complications. Check this out. One of the most devastating complications of diabetes is kidney failure. This shows the decline in kidney function in eight diabetics in the one or two years before switching their diets. They all showed this steady, inexorable decline on a fast track to complete kidney failure and dialysis. But then they switched to a special supplemented vegan diet, and their kidney decline was stopped in its tracks. Imagine if they had switched a year or two earlier. Most diabetics don't actually end up on dialysis, though because they die first. Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of premature mortality among diabetics. That's why plant-based diets are perfect. There's a general scientific consensus that the elements of a whole food plant-based diet, legumes, whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and nuts with limited or no intake of processed foods and animal products, are highly beneficial for preventing and treating type 2 diabetes, equally important. Plant-based diets address the bigger picture by simultaneously treating cardiovascular disease, our number one killer, along with obesity, high blood pressure, lowering inflammation, and we can throw cancer into the mix to our number two killer. The bottom line is that the case for using a plant-based diet to reduce the burden of diabetes and improve overall health has never been stronger.


My name is Karina and I'm from Kazakhstan. Right now I'm talking to you from Kareganda This is the city which is located right in the center of our country. I'm working as an English teacher in my hometown and There I successfully apply the TFL techniques that I've learned over the course Online studies give us a lot of freedom. We can go over the TFL course with our own pace in our free time However, I'm an extrovert and I love real communication and this is the thing that I was really missing over the course Yes, there was an opportunity to write an email to a tutor with any question related to the course Probably this interaction can be transformed into a video call format. For example Like students do at universities you make an appointment to a professor for an office hour And then you meet and discuss something so the same can be done with the meeting with the tutors just online and The same could be done with the final examination a candidate writes the final essay and then makes a presentation with a group of tutors via Skype or Zoom and This is a good way to show teaching and language skills that a candidate has Anyway, this is just a suggestion for me. I loved the course and I really like that now I have a lot of opportunities with the TFL certificate as a professional. Thank you ITTT Thanks so much for watching. We are ITTT, the leading provider for TEFL and TESOL training courses If you like this video, please subscribe by clicking the button down here and click on any of the videos here on the left For more interesting teaching tips for getting certified to teach English abroad and online


Okay, so welcome everybody once again to class on Christian counseling I'd like to welcome all those who have joined us on the e-learning platform as well as all who are here right now on the live session with me. I'm looking forward to a wonderful interaction and experiential learning because Christian counseling is all about you know conversations and interactions and you know, there isn't a cookie cutter method for counseling and each person who you're going to meet is unique and different and the way these sessions may go it would be very different from sorry one to another so we're going to be learning we're going to be interacting there are going to be many examples that we need to bring up like I said, you know Counseling theory is one but practicum is something very very different. So let's just start with a word of prayer and let's get started. So Heavenly Father we thank you Lord for this time that you have kept and preserved each one of us Lord through the last couple of months and you have brought us back here once again to resume learning in a flesh season Lord we come to you for a greater understanding and wisdom and knowledge as we touch upon this topic on Christian counseling thank you because called each one of us to bear each other's burdens to support one another to encourage one another To bring others to the faith and to maturity in you father even as we learn and understand Lord We pray that you our greatest counselor will be in our midst and help us through this journey Help us to understand concepts that may not be easy Lord help us to Lord help us to hear your voice and Reveal God things and conditions that may be deeply strewn in our hearts father so that we can come to a place of healing and Freedom in you Lord. I bless each student who is here Lord those who have not been able to join in we ask God that You Stand alongside with us be with us God as we go through this course in the next couple of months I ask all these things in your precious name Amen. Amen. So good morning once again for those who've just joined in Like I was saying it's always a pleasure to be here and learn together so our course is on Christian counseling and The textbook has been uploaded for you for those online students in the classroom and those who are the on the e-learning portal it is there Available as well. So we're going to be following through that book for this course, I have prepared some some presentation some PowerPoint presentations because There will be a lot of examples that we are going to be talking about and which which has not been added into the book So, you know for better reading and better Just being on the same page. I have created A PowerPoint presentation, but but the material that you need is all there within the textbook, okay? All right, so let's get started and Maybe the first question I would I want to ask each of you is and you could unmute and You know share is this question on what do you think? Is counseling what do you think is counseling? I'm sure You've probably used the term Counseling and I've counseled somebody or I've been counseled by somebody or someone came to me for counseling So I'd like to hear from you as to what your understanding has been of counseling. So Yes, over to you So remember, this is an interactive class right and the more you interact the more we're going to be learning together Okay, so Taron you've written to help others help themselves, okay, Taron. All right That's a familiar line, Taron. All right. Okay. Yes, Samuel. Hi. Good morning, Samuel Good morning, Pastor. Good to see you again. Yeah, good to see you too Yeah, yeah, I can see you now too Yeah, I think For me counseling would be like Taron mentioned to help others to help themselves but also in broader terms is I think it's more like a relationship building a relationship with someone And and and through that relationship somehow bringing in Transformation to that person's life Yeah, there could be I think good counseling and bad counseling too depending on if there's a goal that the two people are moving towards Excellent. Wow. Thank you. Thank you, Samuel. And I'm seeing so many You know the the messages here are all You know, I don't think you'll need to be on the course anyway So I'm just going to read it out for the help of those of the e-learning students because they're not able to see the chat So someone's written to be able to Guide them well Guide them. Sorry to guide to guide them with their will. Okay guide them with their will Anita has written to help others to analyze and get through the situation which may be critical A hope said counseling is giving wise advice Avina said counseling is empowering another person Charles the emptying of oneself Selflessly to help one needing guidance Rose you said giving guidance and direction through advice Nisha said I've been counseled a resolved to a solution to identify problem areas and work in it to enable a Person get better in a particular area Maxine has written conversation for guiding persons Kennedy is written to give a positive direction Prabhakar to lead in on a right track. Chaya said counseling is a therapy where we can talk to people and help wonderful Okay, you've made my work far far easier. Christopher says it's a talk therapy. Okay, you've you've really Cleared the ground for me. Okay, because I think there's a there's a lot of Steady understanding about what counseling is so as we keep going forward, we are going to be learning a lot more Learning about what it is learning about what biblical counseling is. That's what we are going to deal with our class today We're also going to be looking at different skills and that's what this entire Course is about how do we develop certain skills to work with others now before we start? I think I would really want to share that Counseling is an art and By maybe a couple of weeks of learning a course. I think we're only scratching the surface of it The more that you so one of the things about counseling is yes to understand what it entails the second is practice the second is going out there and Using the skills that you learned in order to work with with one another so you know It's it's like being a doctor You you probably read up many things about how a surgery is done But unless and until you're there doing the surgery you haven't developed a skill of it So it is it is something that takes time. It takes Practice it takes mistakes and so those of all of us As we will here see and understand are called to some form of a ministry of Helping others so these skills even if you do not take it up Professionally or let's say as a pastoral ministry These skills can always help you to deal and to work with others who are in need Okay, so as I said, we are only scratching the surface for those of you who are interested in it. I would Strongly recommend that you take up more courses You know by counseling Institutes that are there and there are so many that really provide good excellent sources and Develop yourself in that skill. So what we are going to be doing is quite a you know Drunken version, but nevertheless, we think it's it is the beginning Okay, so just bear with me. I'm just going to share my screen So we can get started Okay, so before we I know a lot of this course has been Bought to you as part of the curriculum So those of you who have been doing the curriculum. I mean the the entire Theology course the three courses. This is part of your curriculum But I suppose there may be a few of you who've joined in just looking at the at the Title of this and say okay looks interesting. I really want to understand it Okay, and so for those for all of us over here my question over here as the Question asks is what really built your interest to understand counseling? What's actually bought you here to know about it? There is something that that has been stirred inside of you in order to come and understand this So what really built your interest to understand counseling? So I think you can put it up on the chat or you could unmute yourselves and Speak Yes Sorry, I'm not sure who who's speaking This is my hope. Yes. Hope. Yes. Go ahead. Hope. Yeah, what built your interest? Yeah, I Can say what build my interest is that when you start the Bible the minister of Jesus Is full of counseling? So I am interested in order to to save God in a Manaway as Jesus did his ministry Who is full of counseling? So I'm interesting knowing more Jesus because We call even one of his names is a great counselor. So that's why I'm interested to Yeah, thank you. Thank you. Hope. Thank you. Yes Somebody said the methodology of counseling so I'm super max and said methodology of counseling So I'm hoping I hope I think what he means to say is what it what is the process of it? How does one do it is is why? He seems to be interested Samuel said the world needs counseling the young world the right kind of counseling Okay, so everywhere you see someone needs help. Someone needs direction. Someone needs guidance. Okay, any other thoughts? Okay Good. All right. So some of us like Charles said he said I was counseled I think even Nisha mentioned earlier that some of us here have been counseled. I have been Counseled as well. I am going in for another season of counseling as well and and to know how to do it because I'm sure you've had the benefit of Receiving support and help from others Christopher has written to learn the skills to provide effective therapy based on Christian principles. Okay, I need that says all of us are in the same boat or world some things We counsel with experience and some things we to face and discover together. So being there How do we do that? Okay, so how do we do counseling? There are others who've said confusion and daily problems that seem unmanageable yet not being resolved Okay, and you use drugs. I think that's what he meant. Okay To build oneself stronger Elisha Elisha has written he's in youth ministry and I see young people need counseling in many areas So I need to learn the skills to be able to assist them wonderful So I think a lot of you are here because you have been in a place where someone has approached you for guidance or for support and There may be times that you are able to manage it well There may be times that you just don't know what to say and coming here to learn some of those skills is What you've you are looking to do? Okay So I want to start with an example Okay so let's suppose, you know, you're finishing off from your work and That is this young lady who comes to you and says You know, I I just I just see that you're a person Quite mature and balanced I just want to share something with you and she starts to talk to you and an essence of what she says is what I've written here Okay, so Susan says I don't know what's wrong with my husband. He just doesn't allow me enough space to just be me He wants to pry into what I'm doing who I am talking to. I'm having quite enough You know, I have second thoughts about this marriage Now someone comes in and talks to you about this.  How I suppose I'm Susan. What are you going to tell me? Okay, how are you going to respond to me Susan? So you can write hey Susan? You know, this is what or Susan this so Respond like how you would respond to Susan Okay, so Anita says what makes you feel that way. All right Others so I'd like I'd like as many of you to respond on this. Okay, are this Yes, please go ahead. I'm sorry, I cannot see who's speaking because only mind is coming up So it is hope. It is hope. Hope. Yes. Hope go ahead. Go ahead. Go ahead Okay, first time here, I will just respond that yeah, you say here second thoughts I will just ask what are the second thoughts you have about your marriage and I will listen to a reply So that I can cancel her here Okay, so hope would say what are your second thoughts about? Marriage And you'll hear that and then you will respond. Okay. She says Susan I would like to hear more come over here and sit. Okay, wonderful. All right, what about the others? Can I say something? This is Charles. Yes Charles, go ahead Susan thank you so much for allowing for seeing me that I can listen to you Yes, here I am It's okay. You can go ahead and tell me more I would love to hear more about What is happening to you? Thank you Okay, wonderful. Good. Thank you Charles Nisha said I would pull more information and help her to vent her situation And listen to her most women want to Most women want to be heard and then I would probe her what she would want to do about it. Okay Samuel said I would start off by trying to understand Susan as a person her husband as a person How long they've been married, etc Avni says be patient. We will find out more on it Maxon says I heard you complaining about The husband, please tell me more if you trust me Chaya says I will thank Susan in trusting me and I will try to know more about her. Okay, wonderful All right, any more responses don't worry about it being right or wrong. That's why we're learning Okay So sometimes I've heard responses like hey Susan You know you having second thoughts about marriage. Do you know what the bible says about marriage? You know, we got to be careful about that. So sometimes that that Happens to be a response Okay, I'm not saying whether it's right or wrong. I'm just saying that these are sometimes the response That comes about or there are responses that go into maybe certain questions that come about Susan You know, maybe not questions. Sorry suggestions or advice that says hey Susan You know what you should remember you're married right now and uh, you're like one team. You're like one body and Does it really matter that he spies on you like that?  Okay, hope says hey Susan all men are like that don't mind Okay All right, so You know our responses. Okay, Prabhakar says would listen to her Would listen to her and try to guide her to meet a female counsellor so she can be more open Okay, Apni says sometimes we hear and just pray Uh Pray see says first of all, I will pray after that. I will tell her to pray And ask the guidance from god Pratik says I would say every step of our life is ordained by god. So have a prayerful fellowship with him Okay, so we've seen here Um questions that come up We've seen suggestions that come up. We've probably seen some form of judgment that comes up from what I said um Okay, we we may see different forms of Responses and I think what's important So i'm just reading out the responses because I think these are these are perfect And you know, it really helps us to learn. I know some of you can hear it read it But this is for the sake of the e-learning students. Uh, taisha said um Okay, taisha said susan i'm here to help I understand you're having second thoughts about your marriage This is what I found out. Are you open to trying my suggestions? Okay Uh bet says what kind of space do you feel you need? What makes you need this space?  Is this a way he tries to Um show you love and interest in your life. Okay So this is another perspective that is coming out that the other person That the counselor is hoping to bring about Christopher says, um, susan. I need to understand more. Please give me Uh, some examples of your husband's behavior Avinash says susan take more quality time for your husband and try to figure it figure out what he wants If you both are not coming to the point of conclusion then get a counselor with expert Okay. All right. So taisha says look into the word of god what god says about it. Okay, so great I think we have an entire gamut of different Responses now am I going to give you what a right response or an effective response is no, okay? We are going to we're going to keep I'm going to keep the suspense and as we Learn and understand more. We're going to figure this out. Okay, so let me start by Uh, just taking the term of what counseling Uh, what is counseling and we'll before we look at what is counseling. Let's look at What counseling is not? Okay, because I think it fairly helps us to understand Better when we're looking at what counseling is not and then we'll they'll figure out Ways. Okay. So the first thing is counseling is not giving advice you're not number one to understand that We and as we go through these classes, you'll you'll you'll flesh out a lot more of truths as to why it's not advice giving And it is not something where a person comes to you and you give the answers to their problems. Okay remember you are as human as your counseling and You're not there to offer advice or to offer answers to their problems because often The problems that you're hearing Like for example, Susan she's having second thoughts about her marriage Your understanding to the problem Is based on your experience is based on your attitudes is based on your upbringing It's based on your framework right so I maybe As a person I I may advise you and say hey Susan You know, you can't have second thoughts about your marriage. That's not what scripture talks about another person Who may have experienced significant struggle in her own relationship who may be a counselor may say Hey Susan, you know, uh, I think you should give yourself some space I think, uh, you know, you shouldn't allow the man to treat you like that, right? So it really Matters who you're going to that's one, but remember even if you are going to the right kind of a counselor we're all Um, we have our specific framework or our understanding. So counseling is not giving advice or answers to problems Counseling is not being judgmental You and I are as scripture says you and I are not in a place of being a judge to um Give a verdict on what is the right or on what is wrong in in their lives That should come from within the spirit of the person and is the work of the holy spirit So it's not us being judgmental about who they are what they've done what situation they are in So being careful of taking away The person from the problem remember when we judge We are Bringing adding in with judging the person many times. It's a hey, you know, Susan You can't divorce your husband or you can't You cannot separate from him. You are being disobedient. So Which is truth? Yes, I agree. It may it is truth But being careful on how you articulate. So being careful not to be judgmental Counseling is not attempting to sort out the problems of your client or your or your counseling. Okay, so Sorry, the word client. Uh, I I'm thinking I shouldn't have used that word. We we would use counseling. All right But it counseling is not attempting to sort out their problems. You're not there Uh, as a as a problem solver, you're not the specialist or the expert that is able to tell them You know, this is the way go in it. Okay Counseling is a lot more to do with empowering it is enhancing Another person's ability to solve their own problems You are there more as a facilitator To help them to do a bit of searching on what their lives are On how far away they are from the truth of god's word Far away from what god wants the place that god wants them to be okay Counseling is not expecting or encouraging a client or a counseling to behave in a way that you have behaved When you've had a similar problem in your life So then there are many times that you're going to have people come to you with problems very similar to the ones that you're going through All right, and you know your journey of how you've moved from Um a problem to a solution or a or a pain to a healing Or a hurt to a recovery. So you know your own journey and Counseling is not telling the person. Hey, this is what worked for me Go ahead and try this Okay, why? Because that's something that may have worked for you But it isn't necessarily something that works for another However, even though I'm saying this There is a place of self disclosure in counseling where you use but that's not something that you use primarily In order to help the person You use that as one of the skills as as a very basic small part of counseling where you disclose How you have been helped in the past or helped um In your in your situations, but it's not encouraging them to behave in the way that you have behaved. Okay So being careful about that is important Counseling is not getting emotionally involved with the client Now, what do I mean by this emotional involvement?  Okay. That's involvement. That is you go out there and resolve their problem and Stand at the front line of the battle to work that out. Okay, that's what we mean by emotional involvement counseling is not that counseling is yes, there is Empathy which we will talk about later There is empathy where you need to put yourself in the shoes of the other person feeling like what they're feeling yet Not taking the reins of the problem and and going on with it Now you're not taking the reins of the horse and and ensuring that you're doing doing that part of it, right? So it is Not getting too emotionally involved that it becomes your problem It becomes your need To resolve their issue. Okay. So that's what it it it is not The last one is looking at the counseling's problem from your own perspective or base Basing it on your own value system Counseling is not that that you look at it from your own perspective or your own lens Um, and and helping them based on what you stand for So this is What counseling is not? So what is counseling? And I think as as many of us spoke about There are the main thing about counseling is that it is a relationship It is a supportive relationship. Okay, it's a relationship of trust between a counselor and a counselor and one Where the counselor helps the other through a purposeful and meaningful conversation So it needs to be a conversation. It's not a question and answer Process, right? It's not what you would do with a doctor With a doctor, you'd say, hey doctor, what's wrong with me? The doctor will say you've got Covid Hey doctor, what do I do about it? Doctor will say one two three four five six That's what he would say, right? It's counseling is not a question and answer process It is a supportive relationship. It's a relationship of trust Where the counseling is given time and space to understand With the situation that they are presenting to you their feelings their thoughts their experiences their responses their behavior And the counselor moves them from that place to a place of change Which is positive which is empowering Which brings about to growth And this is all done Through a conversation Okay, so you may be you may be thinking my my wow what a conversation that is going to be absolutely Okay, and that's exactly why there are skills that a counselor needs to have in order to Make the conversation purposeful make the conversation meaningful Counseling like I said is a relationship of trust And what is that trusting relationship is that The counselors counseling sees so I I'm just to clarify the two words Counselor is the one who's the helping person The counseling is the one who Gets the help. Okay. So those are the two different words for those of us who may not be familiar So it's a relationship of trust Where the counselor stands in a position of acceptance stands in a position of Non-judgmental being in a place of non-judgmental attitude We will be looking at these principles a little later And helping the counseling move from a place of confusion To a place of understanding And to a place of action And where the counselor stands As a support system through that process Now does it mean that process is always easy? and is Hassle-free no There may be times that the counseling may Come up with perspectives or suggestions or thoughts that may be very different from Recovery or healing All right, but the counselor stands in support to help facilitate those decisions So that's why it's a relationship of trust that you will not let go of your counseling all because You know that they are not going in the right direction or they aren't taking the step in the right direction You are there as a person who continues to move with them and they trust that you are there to empower them From one place to another Okay, now I think even as I'm speaking I'd like you to think of the Holy Spirit as the counselor The Holy Spirit, you know, like all of us have experienced Will speak to us Will speak God's truth to us Yet the Holy Spirit will never Push you outside Of your will It never pushes you outside of your will and continues to nudges your nudge your conscience and helps you to come to You know Requires your own will and your own determined understanding to change All right, so even as we're speaking of this try try and Find parallels to the way the Holy Spirit works in you And our understanding comes from the greatest counselor as you read in Isaiah 9 6 says he is the counselor Right, he's the one who convicts us of truth and converts us and that comes from the Holy Spirit But the responsibility to bring about that change lies within you and me, okay So what what do we mean by christian so what do we mean by christian counseling? now The the important we're going to be looking at elements and tenets of christian counseling, but just to put it up in You know Certain highlights christian counseling is where we depend upon the holy spirit To bring about god's truth to people Whatever situations or problems that they are going through to bring about god's truth To people so that they can be empowered to change Empowered to come back in their right relationship with god so that they can enjoy Their relationship with god and also enjoy their relationship with one another and how do we do that? Is through the word of god by cultivating that conformity to his word and Communion with with christ, okay, so there are a couple more of elements which i'm going to going to take on One by one, okay, but before that i'm just going to quickly stop here And ask would anyone have questions so beth said beth has asked a question. How is counseling different from coaching so You know, there are a lot of words that are used interchangeably So there is counseling. There is therapy. There is coaching. There is psychotherapy. There are there are a whole lot of Words that are used now some of them have have slight differences But i think what i would like to just highlight in counseling and coaching coaching a lot of times coaching deals with More than it deals with problems It deals with enhancing growth and development. That does not mean counseling doesn't have that counseling does have it But you would hear the word such as life coaching um, you know work coaching all of that happens in in a place where coaching generally Focuses a lot more on on solutions Focuses a lot more on what you can do counseling differs a bit there is because in counseling you also do go back into sources and roots of Why the problem has come about or why there isn't growth and development in itself So that's that's one of the basic differences that coaching is is very forward movement It's very solution focused that you look towards finding solutions rather than Looking back at the source or at the problem and figuring out where it has come from Okay, so it's it's a lot more forward movement whereas counseling does a lot more digging into The depth and the roots of why the problem has occurred What has been the patterns of thought and behavior and then finding? You know finding ways of beliefs and then going into Finding solutions. So that would be some of the basic differences between Counseling and coaching. Is there anyone else who have a who have a question else? I will I will move forward Okay, I don't think anyone has a question. Okay, so we'll we'll move forward and begin to look at What are some of the core elements? of counseling of Sorry of christian counseling or biblical counseling. Okay, so we we we need to Have a framework and understand and what I'd like to do at the end of the class is also give you A difference between christian counseling and secular counseling. Okay, so that we have a fair amount of understanding of what is You know, how how does how do these two differ? I mean, there are some very Clear-cut answers, but I'd like to bring that up a little later. Okay, so in christian counseling Or as a christian who works as a counselor some of the questions that We need to first of all understand is one is How do people generally know? What what do we know? How do we know what we know? We know things because of our experience We know things because of our Maybe our intuition We know things because of our logical reasoning Or we know things because of some knowledge or some science. Okay Whereas for the christian. Yes, we understand a lot of things in the same way That that a person That a person who is not a believer in christ may understand but the bible or The bible and what god has spoken in scripture becomes A base for what we know Like for I'll give you a very simple example That When you talk about, you know, especially so I I work Within ministry I help in ministry, but I also work outside of ministry, which means I practice counseling to a whole lot Outside of those who are believers. So I see a lot of people who are unbelievers and when someone comes with a problem or a situation that I know Is sin or is something that is far away from what God desires for his children Someone on the outside is unable to see it. Okay, like it says in scripture Their eyes are blinded from the from the truth And what makes us different is that we are able to bring about an understanding of human needs human personality just by looking at scripture And we do see that um That there is an explanation for everything That people go through there is People have whatever struggles that people are going through. There is an explanation so we so when we are um giving counsel as a christian counselor We identify that god is at the center of that counseling The bible the truth that is written in the bible is the center of that Center of christian counseling. So that's the basic element of biblical counseling. Okay, the the next Sorry, I'm just trying to move my Yeah, okay. So god is at the center of counseling the next one What we do understand is every discipline Anything that has to do with understanding the human mind anything that has to do with um understanding socialization understanding community society behavior any discipline, okay Should be under the authority of scripture. That is the element of biblical counseling. So there are many disciplines out there that um that are way Contrary to what scripture talks about And there are very many, you know, if you if you are a student of psychology, you will hear of so many new age techniques That people bring into counseling. All right. So remembering That all Disciplines are under the authority. It should be tested Under the authority of scripture. We ensure that we Whatever new theory that comes up We test that under the authority of scripture. Does it Defy what the bible and scripture says? Okay The third that we would look at is to understand when people come with problems That sin Is the primary concern That we need to deal with And and that is a primary problem that as a counselor that you're going to be dealing with so to understand that Man is depraved Man is sinful and we read that in scripture That all have fallen short of the all have sinned and fallen short of the glory of god And this is essential to understanding The human personality the human problem and also knowing What is it that can only restore that human condition? Okay So sin is the primary concern that needs to be dealt with Now that does not mean That when you see a counseling and they're coming and telling you something you say hey You're being sinful go repent That is the truth but you've got to You you've got to draw Out an understanding from within them to see how far they are from what god Wants of their lives, okay The fourth one Is to know that jesus christ is the answer for every problem Jesus is the answer for every the gospel of jesus christ and what he did for us On the cross is the answer for every Um problem that that we have and it is fundamental to understand this because Man is reconciled to god only because of what jesus did on the cross So what would that mean? It is repentance. It's forgiveness And being justified because of the righteousness of god So these are certain elements that we understand that we we keep as a base Okay, and the last one being The last one being that the process of change Should aim at progressive sanctification now and I'll explain that a bit more that Okay, I think I'll I'll get into so let's let's understand what happens when We are saved When a person is saved There is immediate. There's justification becomes instantaneous. It's it's done immediately Okay, and what is justification? It is where god declares us a sinner Perfectly righteous because of the blood of jesus and that happens At the point of time that you confess You ask for forgiveness of sin and we are adopted Into the into God's family because we have Our our righteousness comes as a because of our faith and our belief in jesus christ So that's the instantaneous one. That's that's justification. Now does Justification immediately mean that you will have a change of life or a change of situation or a change of heart or a change of behavior No, that's what we mean by sanctification And sanctification is a process. It's something that is gradual That it it if what and how is it defined it is defined as something where we We are renewed We are Changed We continue to Be worked upon By the spirit of god. Okay, so as it's defined here, it's that gracious and Continuous operation of the holy spirit and what does he do purifies us renews us Into becoming like christ into Being christ like into Being in the image of god and through that enabling us to change and perform good works So there are here two aspects of sanctification where we are being set apart from So we're set apart from sin set apart from what has been our Past and we are being set apart to Being set apart to holiness set apart to being godly set about being completely Like christ and that happens Gradually and we we understand I mean for all of us who've been believers That that for some there have been some situations where there has been an instantaneous change Right in some area of their lives But there are periods of time that it is a gradual process that becomes You know holiness you need to move be set apart into Into into holiness where we where we progress From one level into another from glory to glory from strength to strength till we become christlike Okay uh Do we have any questions up until now? if not, I think uh we could just Move for a break and probably come back in 10 minutes Anybody has any questions? I think christopher you sorry. I think I missed a question christopher has said let me just read that out In an earlier slide you mentioned counseling is not giving advice and not problem solving would this not be fundamental in what the counseling needs Okay, so yes the the the counseling does come to seek A solution to their problem, but it is not something that you give It's not something that you provide You help empower them To resolve their situation or their problem You are acting as a facilitator You are opening their eyes to maybe things that they have not seen You're opening probably scripture for someone who's a believer and who's in the word you're opening up what What what god desires and helping them to find their solution? So yes, it is fundamental to what they need, but you do not take the role of an advisor or a solution Giver You take the road of a facilitator where you're helping them to come to a place of finding their own Way forward of course for those who are believers with the help of god with the word of god with truth in it Okay, I hope I answered that Christopher Uh, yeah, I don't think there is any other question All right, okay So shall we just close for a break? It's 10 53 on my uh on my clock And we will return in 10 minutes. So 11 three So quickly grab a cup of coffee and some biscuits and do return back


Here's to my garden principle, but you may still be mad. My talk is Suzer releases overtime through interpretive dance. More. Andrew, you're not going to do that for five minutes. I think he needs two bottles.


And we're back with more this week in science. Yes, we are and we are joined by our guest this evening Dr. Amro Hamdoun. He is an associate professor of biology at Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego He has a PhD in physiology from UC Davis We were there at the same time. That was fun He also held a an NIH NRSA postdoctoral fellowship at Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University His general interests are in the fields of developmental biology and environmental toxicology his current research focuses on the defense and survival mechanisms of embryos and the biology of the accumulation and elimination of chemicals in marine animal cells and the sea urchin is Usually your animal of choice, but in a recent paper that was published your lab found that Persistent organic pollutants in the ocean accumulate in the tissues of tuna inhibiting cellular defenses of cells and humans and mice by binding with essential transport protein proteins Fun stuff Amro. Welcome to the show. Thank you. Thanks for having me on and Amro that last bit was terrifying to me Yeah, because I am a Four to five can of tuna a week Because it is my time if you took everything on the grocery list and looked at the thing that I Consistently buying consume the most. It's tuna me too So we're doomed. That's it. This is sort of a good news bad news story. So the bad news is that there are really contaminated fish out there in the ocean and They account for about three percent of the fish that we caught that you probably don't want to eat The bad news is there's no way to know when you buy your fish at the store Which one's really contaminated or not because we don't have a really great mechanism of labeling fish from the point of capture All the way through to the supermarket where you buy the fish So I wish I could tell you which can of tuna to buy but I'm you're sort of on your own It wouldn't stop me. This is the like it'd be great to like narrow down the right can like hold it up to the light And like yeah, what's not right, but right? Three percent. I'll take those odds That's right. Well We know where some of the most contaminated places on the planet are so that's one way we can kind of reduce those fish in the food supply and We also know what the contaminants are so we can look for them So there there are there are ways to do that and one of the things we're working on now is ways to look at these contaminants more cheaply and rapidly so that anybody could do just what you're talking about hold the tuna can up to the light and determine whether the tuna that's in there is is clean or not and An important thing to add to all of this is that these contaminants are not unique to fish or seafood or tuna they're really everywhere, but Fish we focused on fish because fish tend to have the highest levels of these chemicals as compared to some of the other foods that we Consume regularly. Yeah, because fish as they swim in the ocean. They they breathe they eat they are surrounded by They're they're in a bath of anything that's around them Whereas other animals have to go searching and for specific food types And it's a little bit different at the top of the food chain there with a tuna Yeah, like with my that's the big concern with mercury right bio accumulation is huge Yeah, so the the idea the idea is that not only are they swimming around in the ocean the oceans large but The ocean has has been used sort of as a dumping ground for a lot of these environmental chemicals And of course all of our land sources of chemicals like Agriculture drain into rivers and they ultimately end up in the ocean. So we looked at fish in the Gulf of Mexico for example and Those fish have very high levels of these chemicals because the Mississippi River is a great Carrier of contaminants that would normally be on land and end up in the ocean Can we talk about the contaminants themselves for a minute? So I mentioned briefly that they're persistent organic pollutants, but what does that mean to the layperson or and to me? Well, actually the reason I came on the shows is hoping you guys could explain my paper to me Then So I think you know they basically they're chemicals that hang around and unlike you know A lot of things that are in the environment break down and after a few days or weeks or months are essentially gone Persistent pollutants are this class of chemicals. They include really famous things like DDT that really Arguably sparked the modern environmental movement Rachel Carson's work on on on pollution That the idea is that these are chemicals that don't break down And they have this really unusual tendency to move out of the environment and into living things and as a result Because we eat other animals they end up in us and humans All of the chemicals we looked at in our study are things that you can find in the blood or in a human body Every American or probably every person on the planet. So whether Whether or not, you know, you think you're you can try to avoid these chemicals, but they're really persistent They really stick around and they just sort of end up in you. Yeah, they're things like flame retardants, which are or chemicals that are put in the the foams that make up couches Or delicious I know I know of people who are working very hard to get flame retardant furniture Outlawed and to get these flame retardants taken out of our furnishings so that we won't have them in our home environments anymore But they're still gonna stick around So the state of California just passed a law that requires labeling of flame retardants on labeling of furniture that contains flame retardants and actually the person that's probably done the most work on this Or one of the people who's done a lot of work on this is Arlene Blum Who wrote the book and a perna and she is actually a chemist from UC Berkeley and pointed out that a lot of these flame Retardants the structures of these flame retardants When you ban one of them what happens is that people make another structure that's very similar and Use it and they get the sort of same outcome. So she pushed hard so that we could have kind of at least Labeling and the ability to know what it is that's in our in our furniture or in our in our house Our major exposure to some of these retardants is just household dust Just dust just household dust so you're gonna be picking up a lot of flame retardants from those Stain repellents from your carpets How many chemicals did you did you look for in your particular assay? We looked for 40 chemicals that are three major classes on pesticides flame retardants and PCBs these are legacy Electronics chemicals and then there's we also looked at some plastics related compounds like phthalates and bisphenol a Yeah, okay So what do they actually do they they attach to this transporter and how did you what's the story behind how you Figured this particular Inhibition of the transporter out like how did you how did you determine all this? So we were we were trying to understand why it is that certain chemicals are so persistent and and the idea being that if you can figure that out you can make chemicals that don't persist so That would sort of be the that'd be sort of an amazing thing to do you can make a flame retardant that keeps your laptop from bursting it into flames Right, that's that's a good thing But then it breaks down over time, but then it breaks down and it doesn't end up in you and it doesn't have any problems And what we thought was we would find some chemicals that this transporter, which is a really important cell defense would latch on to and Eliminate get rid of and that would give us some clues into which ones are safer and which ones are worse And we looked at these persistent chemicals because they're precisely the kind of thing we worry about in terms of environmental chemicals And the unexpected thing for us was that rather they so so they latch on and what we show in the paper is they actually bind right Where they should if they were going to be Expelled or eliminated by these transporters, but instead of being eliminated They sort of hold on and they prevent the transporter from actually doing its work and they actually slow it down So the the consequence is that the more of these things you get exposed to the the less Effective your body is going to be at getting rid of chemicals you would otherwise get rid of So do you have it you do you have evidence is that or are people looking for evidence of it actually Influencing immune function and having downstream effects or is this just the first study showing okay? We know that it blocks the activity of these transporters slows them down They don't work as well, and now there are chemicals getting into cells. We don't know what happens next Yeah, so the idea that this could happen is was proposed about 20 years ago by a Croatian scientist named Branko Kurleck And he suggested that maybe what makes these chemicals so persistent is rather than being pumped out or eliminated by the system They actually slow it down or bog it down And it's been shown in a variety of different organisms and cell lines and Different test scenarios that this actually occurs, but nobody really had a sense for how this occurs Does it occur through some kind of predictable binding to the drug? Transporter is this just some general effect of weakening a cell and making it not work what our our paper shows is that this occurs through a very specific binding to Residues in the transporter that are evolutionarily conserved so 15 of the residues that bind PBDE which is a flame retardant in a human our The same 15 are also present in the same transporter from a tuna and what this means is that if you Want to begin to design chemicals to be recognized and eliminated you actually have some targets that you can work with and We think you know in terms of human health impacts. We don't know you raise a good point We don't know who is going to be affected most by this, but our concern is obviously about vulnerable populations There's there's one in particular that we We thought about and that is human neonates So normally this protein pig like a protein sitting around in your gut and it's keeping nasty things that are in your diet From entering into your body Human neonates in the first six months of life tend to have relatively low levels of these protective proteins in their guts, so they're already kind of at the threshold and breast milk tends to concentrate a lot of these pollutants in fact in villages in in Africa where DDT is still used for Malaria control the concentrations of DDT and breast milk are as high as 30 micromolar And that's well within the kind of range of concentrations that we saw Causing problems for this defense system in a test tube. So we think this We think this paper should encourage our policy makers to think a little bit about this pathway as being a kind of Potential way in which chemicals can cause harm And maybe think about what are safe. We don't have exposure limits for these sorts of things think about what our safe exposure limits should be and and you know we We want analogy might be to think of these as being a bit like endocrine disruptors, right? We have chemicals that we think of as being like hormone mimics These are immune system weakening chemicals that we might want to think about How much of them we want to eat how much we want in our food How many cans of tuna Justin should eat per week?  Or how much you know if you're pregnant how much tuna we tell we tell pregnant women not to eat tuna because of the mercury like Blair said earlier earlier But maybe there are other reasons The list that's right Most people think of mercury as being the major contaminant to worry about in tuna and it certainly is it can be at very high levels in Very high trophic level tuna. We looked at yellowfin tuna, which are somewhere in the middle as compared to say bluefin or skipjack, which is what's in a lot of canned tuna and Even even there we we found quite a bit of these persistent pollutants in certain fish But again, the good news is you can avoid this if you know where your fish comes from and you know that it's a place where they're relatively little Human activity. I live in Portland, Oregon now And that sounds like the kind of farm-to-table activity that we joke about on shows like Portlandia Yeah, I now know the name of my tuna because I went to the And it seems like this test to that we could apply to the can Could be applied when they when they're selling this tuna to market, you know They could they could apply this then and say okay Do you want to buy one with the level of contaminants? Then you can't label it like Contaminant free you have to go to that send it to a black label tuna canning I'm kind of thinking I should just go to my own doctor and have a couple of tests and just see How full of contaminants are you Do I have Doctor turns me is like Justin you need to stop eating couches that I know So that's kind of my question too is we're talking about these contaminants and it sounds pretty scary But there's lots of things that we talk about that's in our food or in the air in our water that are also scary Where is my freak out level on this am I like a six am I at an eight am I at a three? How bad is this? Yeah, I don't think it helps to freak out ever so I Encourages zero freak out I think you know I think there are other types of food that also have these contaminants for the average American the primary route of exposure is through Meat and dairy the reason simply being that we eat a lot more meat and dairy that we then we eat fish So not eating fish is not necessarily a solution if you eat you will be exposed to these contaminants and You know, you don't really get a choice. I mean environmental chemistry is this interesting Experiment because there is no control population on the planet We all have these chemicals in our body and we don't know exactly what the effects are going to be But I think there is an important lesson there in that before we make Compounds and put them into the environment We might want to look at some of the factors that influence their bio accumulation and really avoid making chemicals that are going to enhance bioaccumulation or reduce our ability to eliminate other types of chemicals that we would normally keep out And and do we have any good contenders for for a non persistent chemical that could do some replacements? Well, we showed in our study that simply changing the Stereochemistry of a molecule can dramatically change its interaction with a drug transporter so we looked at two chemicals deildren and endren which are Stereo isomers of one another and We found that one of them acts as this very strongly inhibitory molecule And the other is 20 times less potent So I think even looking at very simple solutions like what stereo isomer of the compound you use Will help the other lesson and I think it's one that isn't really new in environmental chemistry But we see it again and again is that when we we when you take up an organic molecule And you remove all the hydrogen atoms and you replace them with halogens you really reduce the ability of metabolic enzymes to break it down and and of course, you know the reason why and Is that carbon halogen bonds are some of the most stable bonds in nature? In fact, the most stable bond in nature is the carbon-fluorine bond So non-stick chemicals are our chemicals for example where all of the hydrogens have been replaced with Fluorine atoms and that makes an incredibly slippery wonderful molecule that doesn't stick your egg It also makes one this very difficult to break down and yes So it'll be it'll be there much longer, but it won't be in our biology Yeah, yeah, this isn't trade-off But I guess that if that's you know if we're not worried about the fact that it actually exists and are worried about it being taken up in Organisms, I would think that's an excellent solution Well, and there are non-stick alternatives that don't require the use of Based on the way a material is shaped or organized that reduce how sticky something is that don't require the use of these chemicals So the question might be, you know, do we really need these things in all of the applications that we use them in is it really essential to have Stain repellent carpets or can we replace some of those carpets with other materials that might not require the use of They're still pretty stain repellent might not require the use of these Compounds When an antibacterial came it onto the market and we started putting it in everything antibacterial hands-up antibacterial sponges antibacterial everything no bacteria never Bacterial comb that was the weirdest one like yeah You're like, oh, maybe we don't need antibacterial in everything. Yeah, that's right. It's actually a bad idea Yeah Yeah, that's absolutely right and bacteria are Bacteria that the emerging kind of literature on bacteria says that they're pretty Good for you if you have the right ones And so we were constantly messing with them and creating more harm than good And I think they're I think we sort of repeat this lesson over and over again with Environmental chemistry we make something we use it before we fully understand what the consequences will be and then we sort of try to catch up with it and and change it and I The the our goal is that Environmental chemistry become a more predictive rather than reactive science Good idea So how does it feel to you? I mean you've been I know you've been working on the the environmental chemistry angle and developmental biology angle for For years and now it seems are you how do you feel about starting to push this into also the sociopolitical Sociopolitical side of things to try and actually take your research and say okay. We now need to start making some recommendations. Oh Well, that's what the FDA and EPA do and What we can do as scientists is really give them the best information available One of the things we didn't know as I mentioned before this study is whether this Transporter inhibition phenomenon occurs through some kind of predictable binding So knowing that they can now begin to look at this and and ask questions about how much of these chemicals We should be exposed to in our diet, but there are people who do that and do it very well, and that's that's their That's their job. So I I think I think giving them the information is probably our role Awesome, and what's your next step? Are you are you going further with analyses of this sort? Yeah, so we're now working with people in the Department of Pediatrics here at UCSD to get a handle on when in early life and animal might be or a human might be very Sensitive to these classes of compounds. We know that things like drug transporters, you know in an early embryo stage are not always on their periods when they turn on or off and So when they might be especially low might be windows when an exposure to a small amount of these Transporter inhibiting compounds would be problematic. So we're trying to track those developmental windows down And then we're also looking at other defense proteins We're trying to take the same model that we applied here for looking at how One chemical effect or one transporter is affected and look at the other transporters And other parts of the chemical Defense system people often use call this the chemical immunity system or the chemical defense system and see how How they might respond to these same kinds of exposures It's an interesting way to put it I mean in articles that it talked about oh this affects your immune system and so the way that we normally think of the immune system as the T cells and the in the blood and beta B cells and everything it's this is different This is like this is like skin. This is like a barrier This is a door and I think it like there's you you're quoted in several articles as calling it a cellular bouncer which Which is yeah, it's just an interesting and another interesting level of okay We have a barrier against the environment and we have to our body has to choose what it's gonna get to bring in or not And sometimes it can't yeah I think one of the things that we we now appreciate about how cells work is that in addition to having a system that protects Us against pathogens things like viruses and bacteria We also have a very elaborate system in the body to protect us against foreign chemicals and the reason for that is that you know plants and animals and Have always and bacteria have always been making molecules to defend themselves to prevent other things from eating them and and in in response their their Predators have been making Strategies or proteins evolving strategies or proteins to overcome those toxins So we actually have a very elaborate system to protect ourselves from Chemicals and it's pretty effective Against the classes of chemicals that it evolved to protect us against where it falls apart Is against things that we never see in nature like things that are highly halogenated. Yeah We're create we're creating an alien environment in a sense about one that we didn't evolve To deal with that's right. That's right Yeah, and bringing up the DDT question again now with mosquitoes making their way into the United States there is talk from many to bring DDT back into use in more areas of the world including the United States for mosquito control and so this is a This is something that if we If we need if we if we want to stop these persistent compounds from actually having developmental effects We need to figure it out one way or another Yeah DDT is a very interesting study, of course the the you know, it's still used in places where there is malaria and Malaria is a terrible disease and so Any strategy that can help reduce the human death toll to malaria certainly? valuable that said DDT is not is is not a perfect solution insects rapidly evolve resistance to DDT and As a result after a few generations of use it becomes less effective and there are other strategies Of course that are necessary in parts of the world where there's a high DDT burden There's often also poor sanitation and other issues that need to be addressed before Before you can really sort of stamp out the the problem of you know vector-borne disease, so I Think these you know, I think DDT may be part of an arsenal, but it's certainly not the Silver bullet that it's sometimes portrayed to be Are you gonna go see your chin tasting anytime soon? Breeds contempt I don't eat my research animals Oh It's an important rule of science. Yeah, Kiki. How do zebra finches taste? Yeah, never. I never had the the skewer roasted zebra finches.  I don't know. Oh My goodness Amro, this is just this is fascinating It's I think the point that the the perspective you're taking on it is a very positive action oriented perspective that I Hope is the message that's being picked up by people as opposed to the many headlines that that we see that are the fear Mongering be afraid of your tuna kind of kind of thought but rather Hey, we need just to keep working on this and there is action that can be taken as opposed to Being afraid of our food. Yeah, that's right. I I think You know as I've been asked about this and I eat tuna I think it's a it's a healthy food and there's certainly plenty of advantages to eating tuna but Think where we can go with this is to make sure we we eat the least contaminated ones And I think people are are going to want to eat less contaminated fish. Oh Yeah, that's Given the option But I know I'm curious too and this is a probably a longer different conversation about because it seems like the profit side of Chemistry is about creating the newer the better the efficient product and and is probably More so now but still less so Concerned with the environmental Downstream costs of it further further down. So so I do hope I do hope the discoveries that you're making get incorporated Into the production of new new chemistry that I'll facilitate it the brighter better more efficient future although I Because I you know because that is the profit driven segment of all of this I can see that as as being a challenge. I Think green chemicals are profitable and I think there is a demand a market for them I think the chemistry industry Recognizes that and I think it's important also not to think of these industries as single entities Some companies in the chemical industry have taken very bold moves to eliminate chemicals that are found to be persistent An example of that was the 3m company Choosing to voluntarily kind of phase out per fluoro chemicals when they found out they were persistent and other companies have not so I think you know, I think it's there's always a danger of painting with a broad brush when we're thinking about these industries and How they might react or how much they they want to do to avoid making persistent chemicals Some some are quite proactive about that and I wouldn't I mean and I'm not meaning to think that the profit side of the chemistry industry Absolutely doesn't care downstream But again and looking at like we've come up with this great new product Let's spend five ten years testing it in various ways before we release it That's the part that I find is going to be the difficult challenge But if we have things like this, you know where you can look and see how it affects this transcriptor You know if they have a set of things that they can quickly and actively test the new product on and with That might accelerate that their ability. That's absolutely right and I think they're You know the the current laws that govern these sorts of things don't Necessarily require that kind of testing you're talking about although in Europe a lot a law was passed several years ago called reach and It does require this kind of testing but the very challenge is exactly what you brought up what do you actually test with and what do you look for and This could be one of several things you could look for in addition to whether or not, you know a A you know an animal dies when you put it in the water with this thing because really we're not You know the big change in how toxicology is happening these days is we're no longer really concerned With eliminating the Incredibly toxic molecules that are going to kill something we're now looking for much more subtle effects of chemicals interfering with hormone systems affecting our You know pathogen defenses or chemical defenses and that's going to require a lot more thinking about these kinds of biological pathways that we could test Many organoids Yeah, many organoids in dishes and you Then you test it on them. Maybe that's the future of this testing. We'll see Amro, do you have any other big plans for your your research future anymore? Any other studies that you're working on that you're excited about? We're also looking at cells called primordial germ cells. These are cells that give rise to eggs and sperm We'll be happy to hear that and they're specified very early in embryonic development. These in most animals are set aside in the first five days of life and and then they they basically Hang out and wait until the gonad develops and then they migrate to the gonad and they They they begin to divide and then produce in you know, whether they're male or female eggs or sperm so One of the things we're looking at now is how these cells protect themselves because if they acquire mutations in early embryonic development Unlike mutations that will happen in any other part of the embryo Mutations in these cells, of course will be passed on to future generations So we're very interested in how those cells might defend themselves one of these transporters or other pathways to do that and how environmental exposures might affect them and then Yeah, that I think that's that that keeps me more than busy Yes, it sounds These are these are some some broad directions to go in and some there's a lot of research a lot of experiments I'm sure you're coming up with Yeah, yeah, the people in the lab wish I would come up with fewer. I Remember being a grad student in a postdoc one. Yeah, that's enough. That's okay Yeah, I still yeah, that's right Once upon a time many suggestions All right, I won't keep you any later tonight unless you would like to stay with us for the end of the show We've got a few more science stories that we're going to cover on the way out of the show But thank you so much for your walk tonight. I talk about your work. I appreciate it. Take care


Hello, can you guys hear me now? Okay, there was some problem with Google hangouts. Should I start? Okay Now I'm writing few questions on the board Please try to solve it one question is if X is equal to one divided by two minus root three then Find the value of x cube minus 2x square minus 7x Plus five Just solve it quickly. Have you done it? Okay one answer. I'm getting us three anyone else who has done it Okay, I'll give you a hint The hint is first rationalize it So X is equal to One by two minus root three. This is two plus root three Divided by two plus root three So you get in numerator two plus root three divided by two square is four Minus root three square is three So you get two plus root three So X is equal to two plus root three now try solving it Try to find out Q or something. Just see what happens You can do one thing. You can find out X minus two square first X minus two square would be root three square. So it would be X square plus 4x minus four is Equal to three So X square plus 4x It comes out to be equal to seven or you can write X square plus 4x Minus seven equal to zero, but how will it help you out? That you need to find out from here. So I found out square you find out X minus two cube X minus two cube and then try to find out something and you know that I'm trying to say That I have to find out X cube also and I have to find out This complete thing. So suppose let's take only one part. I have taken X minus two square and And now I am finding out X minus two cube. So X minus two cube would be a cube minus b cube minus three a b a minus b So it would be X cube minus 8 minus 2x square plus 4x now try to understand I Have X cube minus 2x square here what I need more So try to understand it is plus 4x and minus 8 So X cube what I do in this question is rather than finding this I can find this also, but this is not helping me out so What I do is I will Make cube of it. So this comes out to be eight plus three eleven Plus one second. I have made some mistake. I'll do this question one second How to solve this question job now look at here On the board to find out the value of X cube Minus 2x square minus seven X Minus five so I found out value as X is equal to two plus root three Now what I will do is that I'll find out X minus two cubes So I am taking this two on the other side X minus two cube is root three Cube so this comes out to be X cube minus eight Minus three AB so minus six X X minus two So this comes out to be X cube minus eight Minus six X square plus 12 X So this is nothing but X cube minus six X square Plus 12 X minus eight So instead of 2x square, I'm getting and this is how much this is three root three Now what I'm getting instead of 2x X cube minus 2x square. I am getting X cube minus 6x square So what I'll do is I'll find out X minus two square Which is equal to root three square So this gives me X square minus 4x Plus four that is equal to three. So this gives me X square minus 4x Plus one is equal to zero now. What I'll do. I'll subtract I'll multiply this with four So this becomes 4x square minus 16 X Plus four is equal to zero And I'll add it. So when I add it So this gives me plus 4x square minus 16 X Plus Four is equal to zero. So I get X cube Minus 2x square minus 4x Minus four is equal to zero now. What I have to do I have to make it minus seven X So it means that sorry, this is not zero. This is three root three It means that I have to subtract minus three X more from here So X is equal to two plus root three. So three X would be equal to six Plus three root three. So when I subtract it, so I subtract minus three X here I subtract minus three X here and here I subtract minus six Minus three root three. So what I get I get X cube minus 2x square minus seven X minus four is Equal to minus six because this root three and this root three is gone But I need minus five here So it means that I need to subtract minus one more here and minus one more here So I get minus seven as the answer Did it did you guys understand it One second it is one second one second guide. It is plus five. I have written here minus five So answer would be something else. Please don't worry. I'm changing it. This is plus five and here I have one second. This is plus five. So guys understand to make it plus five I need to add plus nine here. So I'll add plus nine here and Plus nine here also. So this is minus six plus nine is equal to Three so answer would be three in this case Did you guys understand? Yes, the answer is three. I wrote it wrong Did you understand? Okay, other questions. I hope you guys have copied. I am writing it on the find the value of Next question that you need to solve is Yes, few people are stingy copying. So I am turning the page How many of you have got the answer of this question? root five under root five plus two root six Okay, try to understand this type of question is solved with this method either If I have Something like this x plus y root z It is only possible in two cases either It can be square of a plus root B's So which is a square plus B plus a root B or It can be square of root a plus root B Which is a plus B plus root AB Now if you look at this question So it is five plus two root six. I Try to match it with a square plus B plus to a root B so here To root six is equal to two a root B Now two to gone a comes out to be one and B comes out to be six But when I find out the value of a square B value of a square plus B would be equal to One a square is one one square is one plus six seven and here what I am getting five It means that this particular method is not correct for this question So I'll move to the another part where I have root a plus root B whole square So what I do is that you look at here. I Have two root six is Is equal to two root AB So two to gone Root a B is equal to six or AB is equal to six Now there are different possibilities. I'm writing here. There are different possibilities AB is equal to six when a is equal to one and B is equal to six Then also AB is equal to six, but in that case a plus B would be seven, which is not my criteria So this I can't take now a is equal to two and B is equal to three And when in this case, I take a plus B. I get the answer as five So it means that the answer is a root two plus root three whole square So this can be written as Under root two plus under root three Whole square and this under root will come out if I write root three will plus root three So that is how you have to solve this question Did you guys understand it? always look at this Here root is only possible when you have one root or two root in the square So as soon as I look at this one root, I know that it is one of the two possibilities whether There is one root in the square or both of them are roots in the square So I try it with both the methods. So I first I take one root a plus root B And that square would be a square plus B plus two a root B So I match this to a root B because this root is coming Only one time it has to be equivalent to this from here a comes out to be six and one and B comes out to be six a square plus B comes out to be seven but here a square plus B is five So this cannot be my answer now I go to the second one where both of them are roots So a plus B plus two a root B. So a baby is equal to six here Now what I get is when I put a equal to one and B is equal to six a plus B comes out to be seven and When I put a is equal to two and B is equal to three a plus B comes out to be five and a into B is six So I understand that a is Two and B is three. I put it here. This becomes root two plus root three square is five plus two root six I replace five plus two root six with root two plus root three whole square the outcome is root two plus root three Sanjala you can post me the Question so this is how you have to solve this question Shraddha, did you understand now? I'm giving that question Shraddha wait Find X if log five Plus log five X plus one Minus log X plus five is equal to One what's the answer? Okay, then I'll wait for other answers Sanjana you post me that question I'll solve it Okay, let me solve this question. This is nothing but log five into five X plus one Divided by X plus five is equal to one So When do you get one log ten is equal to one? So this is nothing but log ten so it means that five X plus one divided by X plus five is equal to Ten so this gives me two five X plus one is equal to two X plus ten Three X is equal to nine X is equal to three Those who have solved this this is the question X is equal to Cube root two plus root three What is the value of X cube plus one by X cube? So this is nothing but X cube is equal to two plus root three as simple as that So this is two plus root three And this is one by two plus root three. I just rationalized one by two plus root three This will be two plus root three and when you rationalize it, it will be two minus root three in the numerator So root three root three one this comes out to be four Okay, next question find out What's the answer guys? Okay Okay, should I solve I have got answer only from Tane I'm waiting for one or two more answer Give me one or two more answers and I'll start solving So in this question always take out five to the power n common So I take out five to the power n common from numerator. There are two more fives left out here So I will have five square here Here n plus one is there if I take out one one five would be left out So that becomes six into five Divided by here. I take five to the power n nothing else left out So I have 13 minus two in two out of n plus one n is taken out So one five is left out. So this and this gone. This is 25 Minus 30 divided by 13 Minus 10 so this is nothing but minus five divided by three. This is your answer Okay, next question that you need to solve seven plus root five divided by seven minus root five Minus Seven minus root five divided by seven plus root five is equal to a plus Seven root five by 11 with the Find out a and b done Give me the answer guys too much of time Okay, not a very difficult question. I'll solve it part by part So look at here. So this is I'm solving this part first this this part seven plus root five divided by seven minus root five Multiplied with seven plus root five Here So what do I get? I get seven square 49 plus Five square is root five square is five plus 14 root five divided by two So this is nothing but 54 plus 14 root five divided by two which is equal to 27 plus seven root five Now let me solve this for you guys this is seven minus root five divided by seven plus root five and I multiply it with seven minus root five So what do I get guys? I made a mistake one second This is not we to this will be 49 minus five so one second as Usual calculation mistake. So this will be 49 Minus five which is equal to 44 so this will be 27 plus 2 root 5 divided by 22 And this will be how much this will be 49 plus 5 minus 14 root 5 divided by 44 So which is 54 minus 14 root 5 divided by 44 which is 27 minus 7 root 5 7 divided by 22 when you subtract it So this is 27 by 22 Plus 7 root 5 by 22 Minus this one is 27 by 22 minus 7 by 22 root 5 Which is nothing but This and this will be gone and this comes 14 5 divided by 22 So this comes out to be 7 root 5 divided by 11 So it means that there is no a here So a is equal to 0 and you see everything before B is coming out as it is here So B would be equal to 1. That's your answer That is how you have to solve this question I'm leaving it for one minute so that you can copy it and Then I'll start writing the next question Okay, next question guys So next question is the root 2 is equal to 1.4142 Then find the value of 2 minus 1 divided by root 2 plus 1 What's the answer? Give me the answer Post it Okay, try to understand all of you. What I'll do is first I'll rationalize it.  So what comes out is root 2 minus 1 and root 2 is 1.4142 Minus 1 so this is nothing but 0.4142 is the answer Write the complete answer not 414. You have to write one more 2 now another question Find out the value of 3 minus root Shraddha is problem from your side. It's not problem from my side Everyone else is getting good quality. So perhaps you refresh it or join join once again Okay, so I told that in this kind of question.  So this question first I'll solve with this method. So minus 2 root 2 is equal to 2 a root b So this and this gone a comes out to be equal to minus 1 and b comes out to be equal to 2 So I find out the value of a square plus b minus 1 square is 1 and b is 2 This is equal to 3. So I'm getting the same thing here. So this is nothing but minus 1 plus root 2 whole square So I with so I keep it here. This is nothing but root 2 under root root 2 minus 1 whole square So what will come outside root 2 minus 1 will come outside So that's the answer. Okay next question x is equal to Then find out the value of root x Minus 1 by root x Okay, one answer. I am getting as minus 2 Any other answer should I solve it? Okay, so guys, I just solved this question here. There was negative.  So x would be root x would be equal to root 2 plus 1 So here I keep root 2 plus 1 minus root 2 plus 1 I just generalize it rationalize it. Sorry. So this will be root 2 minus 1.  So this is root 2 Sorry, this is plus 1 Plus 1 minus root 2 minus minus plus 1 so root 2 root 2 gone plus 1 plus plus 1 is 2 So answer is 2 Now if anyone has any doubt, please send me the pictures I'll solve it Or let me know if you have doubt in any particular topic Write that topic in the comment box. I'll start solving questions from there Otherwise, I'll wrap up the class Okay guys, tell me if you have any doubt Post otherwise I'm done with most of the questions which I got from your view as doubt Okay, solve one more question. I have one more question left out. Give me the answer guys Okay, one answer I've got I'm waiting for a few more answers Root 8 is a wrong answer You have nothing to do here if if if this under root is this you find out square of of both side So a square of this side is 13 minus a root 10 Square of this side is 8 plus 5 plus 40 So which is nothing but 13 plus 2 root 40 Which can root 40 can be written as 4 into Root 4 into root 10 and root 4 would be 2 so this would be 13 plus 4 root 10 So this 13 and 13 matches with each other 10 and 10 matches with each other So minus a comes out to be equal to 4 a is equal to minus 4 That is what the answer is Did you get the answer? Did you understand the solution? Okay, so I'll give you two minutes to post any doubt if if there is no doubt then I'll wrap up the session Two more minutes If you have any doubt Okay, so nobody's asking any questions. So I'm wrapping up the session now