Bill's checks in the mail. I wasn't sure who he was talking about. I honestly can't promise we could ever be as good as he thinks we are, but we'll try. And we do have to stand here tonight on this stage. It's a great honor. The last time we came anywhere close to standing on this stage was a year ago when our oldest daughter graduated from the counseling program here at Franciscan University. A year after her brother graduated from the master's in counseling program here at Franciscan University, we're heavily in gratitude to this university for helping us as a family and as an institute to serve all of you and the church. So thanks be to God, and thank you, Franciscan University. And it's very humbling to be here in so many ways. I've got to ask, is Dr. Alan Trekk here? Nancy, you guys? Well, Alan did our marriage prep. And I don't know if you know from there with Dr. Alan Trekk's work, but he fixed your here. And just Alan and his wife, Nancy, just tremendous blessings to us. So we're very grateful for their work and all the work that Franciscan University does. But I have to say that the coolest thing about being invited to speak here, I don't know, you know, Bill mentioned that we live in Steubenville. And when you come up on campus, it's impossible to find a parking space. Being invited as speakers, we both got our own parking space. It was so cool. We were joking last night like we were trying to figure out whether we should both drive up separately. In the end, we decided to just take one car and park it diagonally in Cackle.  All right, before we get started, I promised our social media person that I would get a picture of all of you. So everybody say, Jesus. One, two, three. There you go, perfect, thank you. All right, so that's it. We're gonna ask you three questions. Now, it's kind of one of our things. We have an ongoing contest to see who the rowdiest bunch of Catholics is in the whole country, really, in the world at this point. But now you've had Bob warming you up, so you better be the best. All right, so we're gonna ask you three questions. We just want you to shout out a yes or a no. Tell us what you think about the answer to this. But number one, do you want to supercharge your ministry? Yes! Oh, they are good. We usually have to ask people to do that twice. We don't. Good job, all right, so that's number one. Number two. Okay, do you want to fill your churches with vibrant, believing Catholics? Yes! Yes, and big question here. Do you want to heal families and help them fall in love both with God and each other? Yes! Awesome, awesome, praise God. Well, look, in order to do that, we have to find a way though to actually start partnering with the families that we serve. That's right, we have to find a way to empower families to become the heart of the new evangelization, and we're gonna help you take a look at that tonight. Because you know what, in reality, I think that we're up against a big hill when it comes to that idea, right? Because the world has really lost the sense of what family truly is. In essence, I think the world's view of family is any group of individuals living under the same roof ensuring a data plan, right? But the church says something more about family life, and we are blessed and privileged to proclaim that Catholic vision of family life to the families that we serve into the world at large. It's true. This vision that the church lays out for us is so different than what average people think family life is and so much better than what the world is telling people family life is. In Familiaris Consortio, we're reminded that the family is the building block of civilization. In paragraph 21, it says, parents should exercise their unrenounceable authority as a true and proper ministry. That is, as service to the human and Christian well-being of their family. Now, this is a really powerful statement. The idea that family life itself is a ministry. That's a particularly Catholic insight. The idea that marriage and family life is a ministry. Well, you know, when we think about ministry, we usually think about doing, you know, churchy stuff you do at church, right?  But we don't often think of marriage and family life as a ministry. But what is ministry when it comes right down to it? Ministry is any activity that communicates God's love to another person. That's what ministry is. Any activity that communicates God's love to another person. And Pope Saint John Paul the Great is saying here that parenting is that foundational primordial ministry whereby moms and dads communicate their God's love to each other first and then to their children and together as a family, bring that love out to the world as they take their show on the road, right? And over and over we see that theme coming out again and again, not just in Familiaris consortio, but in Lubengensium, where it talks about how the family is, so to speak, the domestic church. And parents, by their word and example, should be the first preachers of faith to their children. In Evangelium Vite, Pope Saint John Paul the Great lays out what I think is probably the mission statement for all Catholic families. By word and example, in the daily round of relations and choices and through the concrete actions and signs, parents lead their children to authentic freedom, actualize the sincere gift of self and they cultivate in them a respect for others, a sense of justice, cordial openness, dialogue, generous service, solidarity, and all the other virtues that help us live life as a gift. What a great mission statement for what Catholic families are called to live out in their relationships in the home as well as in their relationships with each other. And again and again the documents of Vatican II, you see these themes of domestic church in family as ministry, parenting as ministry, and it's a powerful unique insight that the church offers to the world. But of course that leaves you as ministry professionals responsible for prevent, I can't talk tonight, that's not good, responsible for presenting this brand new vision to them, certainly not the 2,000 years of the church, that family life is and call Catholic families to be models of this kind of family life. The church's model of family life is the blueprint that we must be encouraging Catholic families to live out. Where a family is, number one, the domestic church, where the faith is experienced as the source of the warmth in the home and where Jesus is experienced as an active, involved, loving member of their day-to-day family life. Number two, oh excuse me, number two. Go ahead. Family life is the forage of intentional discipleship. And we have a tendency to think that intentional disciples are just grown-ups, and many of those are grown-ups who have fallen away from the church for a while and we've gone out and found them and dragged them back. Well, that's a therapeutic approach to ministry. We need to be taking a formational approach to ministry where we expect families to practice intentional discipleship in the home and raise their children to be intentional disciples from the ground up. That's the model in acts, that's the model God calls us to today. Number three is the family is the primary. I'll take some applause for that. Praise Jesus. Number three is the family is the primary engine of evangelization and social change. The family, not the institutional church, is best equipped to identify and meet the needs of the people on the margins. There are a lot of people hurting, we know it, but there are a lot of people who will never darken the door of a church. They'll never be a recipient of the great ministries of the church, but they are our brothers, our sisters, our aunts, our uncles, our cousins, our neighbors, and our coworkers, and families can reach these people in a way that the institutional church could never do. As domestic churches, Catholic families are outposts of evangelization and social change, and you, my brothers and sisters, who take on the great work that you do, have the power to enable families to do this in a way that no one else in the church can. Yeah, all right, amen. But let's face it, okay, those are all beautiful sentiments. They all sound great on paper, right? The reality is it's difficult, and a lot of times we, at best, think of the families we serve as passive beneficiaries of pastoral services, or let's face it, rocks around our neck, right?  They wanna be rubber-stamped. It can drain you, we understand. But the reality is those things that we complain about all the time in pastoral ministry and parish ministry, those are opportunities. That's a challenge that the Holy Spirit is giving us to say, what are you going to do to form these folks who are hungry? You know, who are here, who are bringing their children for whatever reason, they don't even necessarily know why, but the Holy Spirit is speaking to them, and we have the ability, through God's grace, to bring that to light for them. So this whole, but the challenge, there is kind of an inertia in the church about family ministry. In general, we just came from the National Association of Catholic Family Life Ministers Conference in Lafayette, Louisiana, where we were speaking to this very thing. And this idea of family life as a ministry, or families as partners in ministry, is really new to Vatican II and the universal call to holiness. In the early church, for the first couple of hundred years, there was this idea, of course, baptizing entire families, having the mass in the home, and you would see this kind of coming out of the role that family played in sustaining the church and spreading the gospel. But then it kind of falls out of fashion for about 1500 years, until Vatican II comes along and you start seeing these themes again, where it's not just the religious and clerical class that are called to holiness, but everyone is called to holiness, and families and marriages in particular are a unique way that God manifests his love in the world. But even so, even though there's been a lot of beautiful writing on the higher level of that theology of marriage and family life, there's still no practical, systematic Catholic theology of the domestic church, per se. For instance, most of what we think of as Catholic spirituality is borrowed from that monastic and clerical tradition. And it's beautiful, but a lot of it doesn't really fit very neatly into the messiness of family life. I mean, how often do we here on the radio program or in our counseling work, you know, I used to have this great prayer life until I got married and had kids, right? Yeah, and you're chuckling because you identify with that in some degree. Why? Because it's really hard to sit and meditate with 10 kids crawling all over you, right? It's really hard to do a lot of those things that we think of as quote-unquote Catholic spirituality in the mess of family life. We need... And it's really hard to feel holy for five minutes when the person standing next to you, no matter how tall or short they are, is getting on your last nerve and you can't get away. We're throwing up on you, right? Yeah, exactly. But the reality is family life is a domestic church. It is a religious community of its own kind with its own character and its own strengths. We need to work together to do a better job of articulating what that dynamic, domestic church-based spirituality would look like, but it's definitely there, and I believe the teachings are there to be able to tease that out as we go. We're gonna suggest some different ways to move forward with this idea and help families become what they are. And I just wanna add to what Greg is saying. Not only do we have monastic tradition as sort of the lead in the church so that domestic churches, families, don't really understand where their sense of holiness comes in, but we've got a lot of good Catholic families out there who are hungry, who desperately wanna serve Jesus and have him dwell in their home, but there's not a lot yet, as Greg was saying, of good theology on how to do this. We're part of an initiative to start a lot of this and we're excited about it, and we're hopefully, by next year, be able to really tell you what that's all about and make it open to you. But our Catholic brothers and sisters, mostly our sisters, are going to different sources to try to figure out how to be holy in their marriages and with their kids. And those sources are often evangelical Christian sources, which they're enormous. You know, you put how to raise your kid in Christ into a search engine and you're gonna get a lot of evangelical stuff. The other place they're finding it a lot is in the Mormon church because the Mormon church knows that people want holy families, that people want solid families, and so they're putting it out there. They're saying, you wanna connected family? We've got all this stuff for you to be part of. We've got family home evenings where every Monday night, we get together with our family and we play games and we teach about our faith and look how connected we all look. Look at these great families. Look at these great marriages. And our Catholic parishioners are looking at those sources online. And they're not becoming authentically Catholic families because they're trying to cut and paste what they're finding elsewhere. They need you to fill in that gap.   You're it. You're the representation. You're the person they're barely opening the door to to help them become the holy families they're called to be. But we'd like to suggest that forming people, children, especially in the sacraments, and even supporting their families in that sacramental preparation can't end with the rituals that happen in the four walls of the church building. It has to, we have to teach them how to live that out in the domestic church and celebrate that at home so that our families can be those three things. Dynamic domestic churches forges of intentional discipleship and outposts and primary engines of evangelization and the social change. But in order to do that, we would like to suggest as a starting point for your own creativity because you know your community's best and you know how to communicate this effectively to the people you serve. We'd like to suggest three habits that will help families live out this vision that we've been articulating in the first part of our talk. Number one is we need to teach families to celebrate a meaningful, dynamic, and family-friendly prayer life. A prayer life that allows parents and children to experience Jesus in a personal way and to receive the grace that allows a family to learn to love each other as God loves them. Secondly, we need to teach families to celebrate a sacramental worldview in their home, to be able to see all the mundane, boring, frustrating tasks of family life from doing dishes to changing diapers to paying bills and all the rest as moments of grace where God really is reaching out to them, communicating his love, his providence, his mercy, his care, and calling them into deeper communion with each other and with him as well. And number three, we need to teach families to discover their mission and their charism that will allow their family to make a positive difference in each other's lives and the lives of those around them. So let's look at each of these things in a little more detail, starting with number one, a meaningful domestic church-based spirituality and family-friendly prayer life. You know, a lot of people don't like to pray with anybody else, especially a family member, because they think that their prayer life is a private thing. But we have to help people understand that prayer is a very intimate thing. It's a very personal thing. It can even be a very vulnerable thing, but it is never a private thing. No, in fact, Catechism 2565 says that prayer is Christian insofar as it is communion with Christ and extends throughout the church which is his body. In other words, prayer is always communal. We are never less alone than when we're praying. It's never a less private moment in a sense than when we're praying because when we pray, we pray with the entire communion of saints and angels and the entire body of Christ. We're never less alone than when we pray. As Lisa just said, prayer is certainly personal. It is definitely intimate and it is vulnerable, but it is not private. It is communion building. And when people say, you know, I'm really uncomfortable with this idea of couple prayer or family prayer, what they're really saying is I have a hard time being vulnerable. Now that's okay, it's good to admit that, all right? But we have to kind of acknowledge that that fear of vulnerability stands as a block to intimacy, both on the human level and the divine level. If we're not willing to be vulnerable with each other, with our children, with God, it's like being surrounded by air, but walking around holding our breath. What good does it do us? We can't breathe it in, we can't experience it, so we pass out exhausted and burned out. And the same thing's true when we don't have a prayer life as a couple or as a family, God is pouring out His grace, trying to teach us how to love each other with the love that comes from His heart, but we can't absorb it unless we're willing to sit down together and be vulnerable with each other in the presence of that master who is teaching us those lessons of love. And it's Catechus, we ask you to help these families baby step into that vulnerability to be able to open the door to more than just saying words at God. Too many Catholics think that praying is just saying words at God. I said my rosary, I said my divine mercy tablet, I said my novena, and we hope that the words that somebody else has given us will bridge the gap between us and God. And through God's grace, it usually does, but it can be deeper, it can be better, it can be more personal. When you as Catechus begin to teach at every opportunity you have with these people, whether they're walking in the door for the very first time with an infant that they wanna have baptized, or on and on when you see these kids in Vacation Bible School, when you see them at whatever you're doing as part of your job. Make that an opportunity to show them how to pray a little bit differently, a little bit more vulnerably, a little bit more from the heart and help them to walk through that. Not at all. And that's not knocking formal prayer, I wanna be clear about that. Not at all. We're not picking on the rosary or the our fault, I mean, good heavens, the Lord's Prayer is the Lord's Prayer. It doesn't get any better than that, okay? But having said that, it's only possible to experience the deep, rich meaning of those formal prayers if we know how to bring our heart to them and be vulnerable in them. So for example, let's say that you've got people who love the rosary. Help them to understand that it's not just saying the words, okay? It's really meditating for that full 10 Hail Marys. On what is God trying to say to me through this? What virtue is he trying to call out in me? How would I be feeling if I was Mary in this situation, Jesus in this situation, Peter in this situation? Whoever that is and meditate on that in a way that leads them more into the wisdom and grace of Christ. You know, Pope John Paul II once said that the antidote to all Eastern religion, all forms of meditation has been with us for centuries and that is the rosary when we know how to pray it, not just say it.   Now you're gonna, but that's not the point. The point is, if you can do five Hail Marys reflecting on this mystery in a meaningful way, that's better than anything else that you would do. One decade where your kids, even if they're tiny, can color the picture from one of the amazing coloring books that are out there on the rosary and you ask them, how do you think Mary felt in this situation? How do you think Jesus would feel? How would you feel seeing Jesus go through that? It takes five minutes, but it draws your family closer into the experience of Christ and the fact that he went through everything that we went through and he wants to love them through it. In our books, Discovering God Together, the Catholic Guide to Raising Faithful Kids, and in our newest book, that just came out in April from Word Among Us Press, Praying For and With Your Spouse, The Way to Deeper Love, we try to articulate what would a marriage and family-based spirituality really look like, that fits into the messiness of family life and actually is meaningful and dynamic. And we try to walk people through how to cultivate their own ways of doing a family-friendly morning prayer, how to do family blessings, not just the parents, the children, but the kids to the parents as well. We have a story we can tell about that if we have time. A meaningful Grace at Meals, relational bedtime prayer, and the idea of even introducing things like active contemplation through scriptural meditation that's family-friendly. But let's go back to that idea of family blessings. I really want you to tell that story about that because I think it's so powerful. Well, this is something that we have practiced in our family for a long time where when I'm waking the kids up in the morning, I'll go through and just wake them up. Once I know that they can hear me past the yawning, I'll just say, Lord, please bless Lilliana today, give her a great day, help her to know how much you love her and how much I love her, help her with whatever's going on in her life right now, and just give her joy today and let her know that you're in her life. And I always did things like that, and sometimes we would ask our kids to do that for us at bedtime or before we went to work or something like that. But there was one day where the idea of families blessing each other, God decided to make it really, really real in our home. And it was a day where I was having a really lousy day. There's just no mincing words. I was having a lousy day with the kids. They were cranky, they were whiny, they were fighting with each other. The dinner was boiling over on the stove. I was trying to get things ready for him to come home from work. It was a hot mess. And I was standing at the sink and over my sink is a window and I managed to look out at the trees and lift my eyes to the sky and say, blessed mother, please pray for me because I can't take it another minute. And thank God, the Holy Spirit just whispered in my heart and said, oh really, okay, Mary's praying for you, but how about getting them to pray for you? And I felt it so deeply. I ran out the sponge, turned off the water and I said, kids, come over on the couch. Well, they thought they were in for it. The look on their faces, they went pale. And I sat down and I took a deep breath and I said, guys, I can't do this another minute.  Can you please pray for me? Now at the time, my oldest were about five and three years old and suddenly their little hands crept over one on my shoulder and one on my knee and I started to hear the words, God, please help mommy feel better. And the other one said, please help us behave better so we don't make mommy mad. And the other one said, Lord, please help us love you and love her. And boy, did the water work start. And in that moment, the Holy Spirit came over our family with a sense of peace, like I cannot even begin to explain to you. Not only because my kids loved me enough to lift me up to God, but because in that moment, they learned their power as ministers of Christ. They learned that they could affect change in our family with the help and the grace of God and that even their parents were nothing more than disciples on the road with them to Christ. And when you bring that kind of prayer life, simple, spontaneous, full of love, heartfelt into a family, as you can teach your families, it changes everything. And I am very humbled and very blessed to say, my kids have never strayed from God. They are dynamic, faithful Catholics to this day as adults, because as tiny children, they learned how to pray and open their hearts to God without judgment, without expectation. And you need to be able to share that and teach that to other Catholic people because it's not taught in the classroom and it's not taught many places, but you have that ability to share that with those you serve. And it all begins with an invitation.  But I want you to then ask them, have you guys ever prayed together? And you're gonna get this deer in the headlights look. Oh God, what's coming next? And then just say, well, you know, if you haven't, let me just show you how. And you ask them to just close their eyes and imagine talking to the person who knows them best and loves them most and just to share their heart. And then you start, you know, Lord, please bless this couple. You know, let them know how much you love them and let them love each other with the love that comes from your heart and help them know all the things that you have in store for them and all the blessings that you want to give them and let them live that out in their lives and in the world, amen. And you say, you know, look, that was 15 seconds. But it's 15 seconds a day that's gonna change your life. You can do the same with the kids where you just ask them after when mom and dad are picking them up, you just ask mom and dad to stay and just say to the kids, just take a minute and pray for mom and dad right now. And just enter into the chance to let them share prayer together in little bits and pieces because it will begin to change every moment of their lives. Let's go to the second habit, a sacramental worldview. You know, a sacramental worldview means recognizing that family life itself is sacred, that God is speaking to us and loving us through those mundane tasks of everyday life and that family life is a ministry that allows all the members and calls all the members to grow in love and grace. Now, in order to do all this stuff, you gotta have time as a family to be together, which is kind of counter-cultural because a 2017 study from the Bureau of Labor Statistics says that about the family spend on the average about 20 minutes together every day.   But the point in this is that we have to encourage our families to be intentional about family life because what I just described is the kind of family life that happens when we're not really thinking that family life deserves time and energy and effort. It's the kind of family life that happens when we think, well, family life is gonna happen after everything else is done. And that's when you end up with the kind of family that's a group of individuals living under the same roof and sharing a data plan. And that's when you end up having regrets because you say, I always wanted to pray more with my kids, I always wanted to connect more with my spouse, I always wanted to have that kind of family and there was just never time. We have to learn to prioritize these rituals of connection that will allow families to really understand how sacred they are. And there are two habits under this. Lisa just mentioned the first one, rituals of connection. The other habit that we encourage families to practice as a way of cultivating the sacramental worldview is what we call the corporal works of mommy and daddy. Now, we'll explain both of those in just a minute, but let's start with this idea of rituals of connection. These rituals of connection are really the four sacred pillars of family life, of the domestic church, okay? They're working together, talking together, playing together and praying together. And I see it, you're all going, when in heck am we gonna have time for that? It's sure, working, playing, talking and praying. Oh, and by the way, all the notes that you're taking here have been bound and put together in a wonderful book called Discovering God Together, The Raising Catholic Kids. It's available in the bookstore, sorry.  And you can get it all there instead of having to madly take notes as we cram it into the little bit of time we have. Working, talking, praying, playing, those four pillars of the domestic church, four sacred rites of the domestic church, making not just, well, both daily appointments and weekly appointments to work, pray, talk and play together.  But it doesn't have to, not at all.  Say, hey guys, how you doing this morning? Let's just thank God for this new day. Lord, just thank you for this day and be with our family and help us to really love each other and take care of each other. And hey, Johnny, what were you concerned about with this? Or bless Sally's test or whatever, you know, just bring it to God right there and take that minute, literally a minute, to just connect with each other and with God. And what a difference, what a different tone that sets for the rest of the day. And that was a minute. What about a working ritual? Well, cleaning up the table after dinner together, you know, setting the table for dinner or cleaning up the family room before you go to bed, but doing it together. And well, that's just a chore. What could that possibly do for family life? What it does is it cultivates stewardship. It builds a sense of trust. I was sharing this afternoon in our workshop, I was working with a couple that truly hated each other. It was doing counseling with, you know, a lot of couples, they at least try to behave themselves in front of me.  It was ugly. So I said, look, I don't want you guys to talk to each other. Here's what I want you to do. Every day I want you to clean up the dinner dishes together. I just clear the table, wash the dishes, put them away, just clean up the kitchen. Don't say anything to each other. Just do that. They thought I was crazy. At the end of the week they came back, they'd done it. And the wife was like, you know, this sounds silly, but this really helped me trust him more because I could count on him to be there. There was just something about him showing up, even when we didn't want to be there for each other to do it and to show up for each other. And when he handed me a dish, I felt like he was in it with me. And it gave them something to build on. And if you do that every day as a family, even just one little thing like that, you're saying, I want to show up for you. I want to help take care of you. I want to make your life a little easier or more pleasant using the language of the body and showing up for each other in powerful, important ways. This is very different then.  You see the difference? There's the drawing together or there's everybody go do your individual thing. It doesn't take any longer, but the fruit is so much richer. A play ritual. You know, I mean, play a couple of cards of Uno or something. Take a walk around the block. You know, just share a laugh, just wrestle on the floor with your little ones, whatever it is. And it takes five minutes, okay? But it's five minutes that pays a huge dividend.  And if you want to teach parents how to keep the hearts of their families, their children, and to be able to mentor and disciple their kids through those really difficult teen and young adult years, have them do this kind of thing. Because if not, who's playing with them? Who's doing stuff with them? They're friends. And their friends are even more clueless than the kids are, than your kids are. Because at least they maybe go to mass occasionally. But they're going to take direction from the people who do these things with them that they can count on and that they can trust. So teach the people that you counsel to be those people for their family. Those rituals of connection make your family a sacred space that feels safe, that feels close, that feels intimate, that says you are important enough to make time for. And I have to say, this might sound like, oh, they're so religious, they're at Franciscan, listen to them say all this. You know this is intuitively true. And I can tell you when you know that this is intuitively true. And that even the most secular of people intuit that this is true. When God help us, the next and the next and the next school shooting happens. What do you hear even the most secular of news anchors say?  Why are we waiting till our kids are being slaughtered to realize that they are sacred gifts from God and to go home and hug them tighter? Let's not live in regret. Let's love these kids and hug them a little tighter and play with them a little more and work alongside of them and pray with them every day so that they know how loved and cherished they are by their parents and by God. So when you're doing sacramental prep, for example, with families, one of the things you can say to them is, look guys, and this is something that any family can do regardless of their theological or spiritual preparation. You can say, you know what guys, the best thing you can do for us to help your kids learn what we're trying to teach and really live it is to create those rituals of connection around working and playing and talking and praying together because that helps create the fertile soil for the seeds that we're planting to grow in because when you do this, this is when your kids will experience the faith as the source of the warmth in their home. They're gonna look and say, there's something different about my family. We take time to be with each other. We take time to really kind of honor each other. We take time to work through things with each other and take care of each other. And I have to say this is something that you can model.  Throw parish game nights for the whole families to come to, everybody bring their favorite game. You know, have pizza nights. Do things that allow families to come together. Don't always separate. It's a men's group, it's a women's group. The children are being watched over here or this is for the kids and the parents just drop them off and go off to the supermarket or the gym and then pick them up later on. Do things occasionally that are for the whole family. I mentioned this afternoon, we had a great pastor who lived by the phrase, when we meet, we eat because he knew he could get his parishioners in the door. He could cataclyse them. He could teach them to love Jesus with all their hearts because he fed their bodies. And he knew that those meals that he had in his parish would help make the meal that he consecrated every day make a lot more sense. And when we do this in our parish families and we become a parish family, families take that home and begin to understand that as well. The second suggestion we have for cultivating this sacramental worldview in the family life is again, what we call the corporal works of mommy and daddy. And I want you to tell that story. Well, if you want, we're getting very low on our time here but if you want to know it, there's a book called Don't worry about that time. There's a book I wrote called The Corporal Works of Mommy. And the Corporal Works of Mommy, the book The Corporal Works of Mommy, came into being when my son Jacob, who's my oldest, was seven years old and I was preparing him for his first Holy Communion.  So one morning I was making him breakfast. He was already eating a bagel and I was making some eggs. And I started to go through the corporal works of mercy for those of you who can't remember back, feeding the hungry, giving thirst to the thirsty, giving drink to the thirsty, clothing the naked and on. And he looked up at me mouthful and says, mom, I should really call this the Corporal Works of Mommy because this is the stuff you do all day long. I had the same reaction.  And then about two minutes later, I again, thank God he dwells in my kitchen. He said, don't you get it? I never want to hear from you again, he said in my spiritual ear, that what you do is drudgery, that what you do is unimportant because it doesn't come with a paycheck. He said, what you do is what I call missionaries to do, what I call catechists to do every day but you're doing it to the least of these in your home. And you can touch their hearts with me in a way that nobody else can. What you do is vital and it changed my life. Now I already had a good relationship with God but this was profound. And this is something I want you all to know as people who share God with everyone. When you share God with the people who are closest to you, your spouses, your kids, when you are making that 950 second millionth meal of the day, when you are getting up and giving a drink of water to that kid who's asked for five of them already and really the only thing you wanna do is watch Netflix for about five or six hours or hang out with your spouse and it's gonna have a drink of water again. When you are arguing with that kid over what is appropriate to wear and what they are absolutely not allowed to wear. Those are the moments that become sacred when you say, okay, you are not just my kid that's driving me crazy, you're Jesus. You are in the embodiment of Jesus. When you do this unto the least of these, you do it unto me. And suddenly as a mom, I wasn't going, no you can't have another drink of water, get back in bed. I started to say things like, Lord, let me give this drink of water to you and then I'd walk in and say, all right honey, here's your water. Is something bothering you? Are you okay? No? All right, let's just pray that you have a good night's sleep. Now this was your last drink of water and you must stay in bed, but I love you very much and I'll see you in the morning. Do you see the difference? I didn't say, oh well my kids are Jesus, I'll just do any lame brain thing they ask me. But it gave me a sense of how sacred they were and how sacred my role as mother in their lives really is and that is empowering. And that takes Satan who's constantly telling you, your family doesn't matter, the stuff you do doesn't matter, it's only if you were in a paycheck that matters, it's only if a million people out in the world notice you that matters and it dashes Satan against a rock. The rock of the church that says the family is sacred and it's important to do what we do and it's important that you're teaching families what you teach them. And I stand here tonight in awe of all of you because you have taken on this task and I pray for each and every one of you that you can instill that sense of the sacred in the people that you serve because it changes lives. And I just want to put a word out there for all the dads too. This is not just a mom thing. We call it the poor, poor works of mommy and daddy. The reality is men have a tendency to think that doing ministry is going out and conquering the world for Christ. It's really bringing your home to Jesus.  And that's why I did a book called The Be Daditudes, Eight Ways to Be an Awesome Dad where we take a look at each of the Be Attitudes through the lens of fatherhood and talk to dads about how to be fathers after the father's own heart through that what Pope Francis called the blueprint of Christian living, the Be Attitudes. And so there's this whole beautiful spirituality to family life if you know where to look for it. Mother Teresa, and this will be the last thing we say before we go on to the last thing. Mother Teresa had a wonderful quote, Saint Teresa of Calcutta, said, if you wash the dishes, don't wash them because they're dirty. Don't wash them because you were told to. Wash them because you love the person who will use them next. All right, and that I think is such a beautiful, simple understanding of this idea of what it takes to create this dynamic domestic church and this domestic church-based spirituality that allows us to see that families really are saint-making machines. And if I can just go back to what we were talking about at the beginning where our church has had too much of this monastic life. So I had a woman who called, more to life last week and she said, I think I got my vocation wrong. I think I was supposed to be a nun and I'm a mother and this is really hard and I can never pray because we think that unless we can live this very prayerful, timed out life that we're not holy.  But when she would go out, she would set her clock an hour earlier than she'd ask any of her other sisters to go out and she'd sneak out of the convent and she'd go and she would serve those who were suffering. You as moms and dads don't get to set the clock. When that kid comes in and says, mom, I don't feel so well and then throws up on you, it comes whenever it comes. But it's just as holy to be serving that one person or eight people in your house who all come down with the flu as it is to go out on the streets and serve the stranger.  Which is not to say that families don't have a role to play in the world, which brings us to our third habit, that idea of families being the primary outposts of evangelization and social change. And the best way we found to really teach families to do that is to help families discover their mission and their charism. And in both parenting with Grace and several other parenting books as well as In For Better Forever, we talk about what it takes to cultivate a mission as a couple or a mission as a family. And what that basically involves is it helps to order the way families relate to each other within the home. Being able to reflect on certain virtues like responsibility or generosity or joy that are really precious and important to us either in general or for a particular time. And we spend some time like at dinner, for example, saying, okay, we're gonna really work on being more joyful this week. We've been going through a really rough time. We've been kind of at each other. Let's just try to focus on how to be more joyful. Now, as a dad, to be more joyful, I'm going to, when you come and ask me to play this game, it's not my favorite game, but you love it, I'm gonna be joyful about that. I'm gonna play it with you, I'm gonna have a good time, and I'm just gonna really give you that time. That's gonna be my thing to be practicing joy this week. Mom, what do you wanna do to be more joyful this week? Yeah, and then I would go on to say, and when you ask me for this particular thing, instead of saying, oh, I have a million other things to do, I will either stop what I'm doing and be with you, or I'll give you a time set where I can have that date with you and do that thing. But I'll take time to acknowledge what you're asking me to do in a pleasant and joyful way. It's simple things, and then you go down the line with the kids, and you have them at what they can do for whatever virtue you need to work on in your family for that week or two weeks. But then that virtue, that list of virtues or that list of gifts or fruits of the Holy Spirit, become more than just a paper or worksheet that somebody, God willing, tapes to a refrigerator but then forgets about, right? It becomes a living, breathing thing where we're reflecting on a regular basis as a family and what it takes to really be a Catholic family and to live God's love in our home and be a different kind of family. And really, as Catechus, this is something that in sacramental prep you can pass on on that worksheet, but not just a list of virtues or gifts of fruits of the Holy Spirit, but this idea of how they can work on it as a family over time, and pick the things that are unique and unrepeatable for their particular family so that their family can be close and their family can do these things together. The second part of this, the family charism. Now, for our purposes, a family charism basically involves whatever those interests or talents or skills that a family has, how can they use them to build up the kingdom? So maybe there's a sports family, or a musical family, a family that likes to be hospitable. Just for a second, let's put this into context back to that monastic and religious life idea. We have several sisters from several different orders here, and certainly we have priests from different orders walking all over campus at different times. But the Franciscans have one charism, right? But the Dominicans would have another, say teaching. Another order would have working with the sick. Another order would have something entirely different. It's part of what they identify themselves with, and each family is very much the same way. There are particular gifts to each unique and unrepeatable family. And God's called this family together to be a domestic church. Just like there are Jesuits and Franciscans and Dominicans and Benedictines and all the rest, there are Smiths and Joneses and Popchaks and all the rest, okay? And God has brought those religious communities together too to bring his face to the world in their unique way. So those families that have a special gift, whether it's hospitality or music or sports or you name it. Or something even bigger. So is that a word? Sure, it is now. For instance, we have a wonderful lady who's on our show More to Life Every Friday, her name is Rachel Watkins, and she's the developer of The Little Flowers Girls Club. And she happens to be a mom of 11, and she happens to have MS as well. But she really believes in this idea of a family charism and they decided as husband and wife and family to sit down and figure out exactly what that was gonna be and how they were gonna live it out, all 13 of them. And they discerned that God was calling them to joy. Now that is a crazy thing for this family to live out. They have gone through extreme health issues. They have gone through extreme employment situations where the depth of their poverty is hit ground zero. And they have gone through a lot as a family. And yet their charism is joy because God's got a sense of humor. And they managed to constantly use that as a touchstone instead of falling apart through life's crises. They go back to that gift they know they were given for joy. And they managed, Rachel told me one night where, it was a time where she had moved from walking with crutches to moving into a wheelchair and everybody was not doing so hot. But they were like, you know what? Joy, right? How can we do this? And her son Damien said, well, I know what I can do to add joy to this family. And he started blowing bubbles in his milk through his nose. But it made his mom, who was sad that day, laugh like crazy.  And you know what? When they go into a church, all 13 of them together and people see them kidding around, loving each other and yet worshiping together, it does change the culture of the people around them because they're living an authentic charism. They're living what's true to them. And if we help families discern what is for them, they will feel closer to each other, closer to Christ and draw others to Christ through living their authentic gifts. Now they promise they're gonna electrocute us if we go over, so we gotta wrap it up. But I wanted to just let you, we walk through that process of helping couples and families build missions and charisms in several of our books, including the ones that Bill mentioned and discovering God together, the Catholic Guide to Raising Faithful Kids, as well as praying for and with your spouse. But as we kind of come into the final stretch here, I just wanna leave you with a thought. Just imagine, okay? So we've spelled out a lot of big ideas and hopefully some practical ways to live those things out. Now just imagine if all of you guys started trying to do that stuff in your home, okay? And what if you all managed to communicate and convince a handful of other families in your community to start doing this too. Just imagine a parish filled, your parish filled with even a handful of families that we're doing what we're talking about here. Just imagine what an incredible witness these families would be just by existing. I can't tell you the number of times that we've been in a restaurant, just minding our own business, and we say grace together or we're laughing and a waitress comes over and says, it's just so nice to see a family that likes each other. What's your secret? You know what a blessing that is? What's your secret? People like each other, they get along, that's amazing, and it blesses people. If you have families who are living out this authentic call, they'll be blessing others as well and blessing you because your job is going to become joyful and rich and you're going to see your effectiveness and you are going to have partners in ministry in the families that you serve. So let me just ask y'all to join me in a closing prayer and I'm gonna ask you to repeat after me as we do this, all right? And the name of the Father and the Son of the Holy Spirit. Lord Jesus Christ, help me bring your heart to the families I serve. Lord Jesus Christ, help me to bring your heart to the families I serve. Help me live your vision of family life in my family. Help me to live your vision of family life in my family. So I can lead by example. So I can lead by example. Help me to teach families to experience you. I teach families to experience you in meaningful family prayer. In meaningful family prayer. Help me to empower families to encounter you. Help me to empower families to encounter you in the corporal works of mommy and daddy and in the rituals of connection that they share. Help me inspire the families I serve to discover their mission and charism. So the world will be blessed by their witness and I can help them become what they are and I can help them become what they are. Domestic churches and agents of grace. And agents of grace. Amen. Holy family pray for us. And then the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit. God bless you all. Thank you so much for coming.


Big merch! This is the way I like to welcome people to the team. Hey, we're on the clock here. We're about to make you a Tennessee Titan. That's okay. It's good to be excited. Congratulations. You and I had a great visit. I know you and Big T had a good visit. Congratulations, man. Enjoy the day. We'll see you soon. Welcome to Nashville.


In the last lecture, we have talked about a vector potential and seen some cases where we could calculate it. And using a vector potential, we also obtained the magnetic field. Today's lecture is going to be on magnetic materials. If you recall, when we did electro-scatics, we also had a discussion on materials which have polarization. There were materials which had electric dipole moment, either induced or permanent. And exactly the same way, we have magnetic materials where there are magnetic moments which could be introduced by application of a magnetic field or there could be intrinsic magnetic moments which in a substance align in such a way, so as to give a net magnetic moment to the sample. So, today we will see how the presence of magnetized material that is material which have intrinsic magnetic moment alter our understanding of the magnetic phenomena. So, we will, but before we do that, let us introduce another simple concept. If you recall, we had seen that since electric field was a conservative field, we have a scalar potential associated with it. However, in case of a magnetic field, we could define a vector potential whose curl was the magnetic field. Now, in some situations, it is also possible to define a scalar potential corresponding to a magnetic situation. So, for example, if I do not confine myself to the location of where there are currents, for example, there is current flowing, but on the other hand I am looking at the magnetic field at in let us say the space around it, which does not have a current. Then in that region, the current density is 0. Now, if the current density is 0, del cross B which was shown earlier to be equal to mu 0 j, the Ampere's law, that turns out to be 0. Now, in such a situation, like we defined for an electric field, we could also define a scalar potential. So, what we do is for the moment, we define a scalar potential as minus mu times, minus mu 0 times gradient of the scalar potential giving me the magnetic field. Now, we will see later that the real definition should be to express the field h, which we will define in this chapter in terms of the scalar potential by simply saying h is equal to minus grad phi m mu 0 has been introduced for dimensional purpose. Now, so notice that del dot of B equal to 0, which is Gauss's law, converts this equation to del square phi equal to 0, phi m is the magnetic scalar potential. Now, this is an equation, which is identical to the equation for the potential Laplace's equation for the potential, which we had derived for the electrostatic field. And we had seen there that when I have electric polarization P, the expression for the scalar potential was given by P dot r by 4 pi r cube. I am not going to repeat that argument, because this is the same Laplace's equation. And so, we could obtain in a parallel way that phi m, the magnetic scalar potential is given by the magnetic moment m dotted with r over r cube. And there is a 4 pi, which comes in because of scalar potentials definition. So, this is my scalar potential corresponding to the magnetic field. Now, once again I will fall back on from this type of an equation, how we divided the situation into two parts, one where we talked about bound charge densities in case of electrically polarized medium. And we had seen that minus del dot of P was the bound charge density. And the charge on the surface was given by the normal component polarization factor. Now, exactly the same way, parallely following that what we will get is that the scalar potential phi m for the magnetic field can be written as sum of two parts. One is given by minus 1 over 4 pi divergence as I explained last time, the quantities which are being integrated that is the material that is being written in terms of the primed index. I will just now come and define what is this m is? This is m r prime by 4 pi r cube.  And this is over a surface. Recall that we had defined a polarization as the electric dipole moment per unit volume. Now, what I do here is to define a quantity called magnetization. So, magnetization is basically the net magnetic moment per unit volume. So, therefore, if I take a small volume delta v. So, delta v going to 0 and sum over all the magnetic moments that happen to be in that volume. And take this limit, then this is the net magnetic moment per unit volume and this is my definition of the magnetic moment vector. So, what I have done here is this, we have said that I have a distribution where I have magnetic moments all over. So, I take a small volume in that and with respect to an arbitrary origin, this is my r prime. Prime quantities are the quantities relevant to the material, which is going to be integrated out. And I am making an observation at the point r. So, this is r minus r prime. So, this is the point of observation. So, what I do is this, I calculate how much is the magnetic moment in that volume, find out what is the contribution to the scalar potential of that magnetic moment at p. And then following the, what I did for the polarization case, we can divide it into two parts. And this is what we talked about earlier that I have one part, which is a volume part and where I notice that this is written as minus del prime dot m r prime and the other one is surface part. So, exactly the way we did for the polarization case, we notice that I can define, I use the word magnetic charge density. We have seen that isolated magnetic charges do not exist, but I am using this definition more to use the same terminology as we used for the electric polarization case. So, like that case, I have a volume charge density of magnetic case. If you like, I will call it magnetic bound charge density, which is given by minus divergence of m and a surface charge density, which is given by n dotted with m. Since these are general definitions, I have removed the primes, but inside the integral, all the quantities are primes including this n prime. So, this is what we talked to you about, that I have this material here and there is a small element of volume d cube r prime and that contains d cube r prime into capital M amount of magnetic moment and I calculate p there. So, that is scalar potential part. We had also seen that for a magnetic moment m, how to write down a vector potential and I can now submit over that again doing exactly the same way. I write down the magnetic vector potential corresponding to this volume element, which has an amount of magnetic moment equal to d cube r primes times magnetization. Therefore, the vector potential corresponding to this situation is given by mu 0 by 4 pi integral m r prime. So, let me rewrite it again.  So, we have got two parallel ways of handling the magnetization thing. One is if there are no sources then to talk about scalar potential and of course, I also have the possibility of working with vector potential. But once again we had seen that if I have a situation like this, I can once again convert this into two parts. One part which is again a volume part and that will be given by.  Derivation is very simple in case of the difference between phi and a is a has a cross product there. So, therefore, there are some differences otherwise the derivations are the same. Now, if you now look at these expressions and compare it with the expression that we had for the vector potential corresponding to a current distribution corresponding to a current density. Then you notice that this appears del prime cross m r appears to take the place of the current density volume current density j. I will still put a subscript m to indicate we are talking about magnetization current density. So, j m of r is del cross m of r. So, this is simply j m of r prime and the j m of if you like we will call it surface this is volume. So, this is equal to minus n cross m of r. So, in both the cases we have identified a surface term and a volume term and. So, let me before I proceed I want to simplify these expressions a little bit. So, as to give some interpretation. So, notice that the vector a of r is equal to mu 0 by 4 pi and we had seen this is given by m of r prime cross del prime of 1 over r minus r prime d q r prime. This is actually my original expression. All that I have done is that I have written that original expression that I started with namely this expression m r cross this and since this dependence is r prime I am writing this as m r prime cross del of 1 over r minus r prime with a minus sign and then I am changing over from del to del prime by removing that minus sign and hence I get this expression. So, which is the same as this expression as is written here. Now, the magnetic field B at the position r which is simply del cross of this quantity. So, I will write this as a mu 0 by 4 pi del cross m r prime. Let me write it as a del of 1 over r minus r prime. Notice that I am shifting between r and r prime differentiation frequently that should not cause any confusion. So, the point is that this del cross is with respect to unprimed index. So, that is the location where I am making an observation that del the r prime is with respect to the integration index. So, what I want to do now is this. So, this obviously this del cross can go inside. Now, I am going to use a mathematical expression of calculus which says if I have del cross A cross C this A is not to be confused with the vector potential, but it is just an arbitrary vector. So, if I have this then I can write it as A del dot C minus C del dot A plus C dot del A minus A dot del C. So, notice that my del operator are only with respect to r whereas, the dependence of m is on r prime. So, if I bring this del cross there and identify A to be m and C to be del of 1 over r minus r prime then I notice the following that this term will be there because it is A dot A del dot C. So, I will get this term, but I do not have this term which is del dot A because this del is with respect to unprimed index. So, del dot m r prime will be 0 and likewise I will not have this term as well because there is del of A itself. So, A does not get differentiated with respect to unprimed index, but the other two terms will be there. So, in that case I can write this expression as the following. So, start with this use del cross A cross C and you notice what do I get. So, I have got del cross del cross this. So, I have got A del dot C term, A del dot C term which I will rewrite it that is B of r is equal to minus mu 0 by 4 pi A is m r prime del dot C is del dot del of 1 minus 1 over r minus r prime which is del square of 1 over r minus r prime d cube r prime. The other term that survived was mu 0 by 4 pi with a minus sign A that is m r prime dot del acting on 1 over acting on del del of 1 over r minus r prime. So, these are the things that we got. Now, notice the first term I have a del square 1 over r minus r prime and this term is minus 4 pi delta function 3 dimensional delta function of r minus r prime because del square of 1 over r is minus 4 pi delta function. So, because of this delta function I can write this do this integration and I simply get minus 4 pi which cancels with this minus 4 pi there. So, I will be left with mu 0 m of r and I am left with this term there that is by minus mu 0 by 4 pi integral m r prime dot del this of del of 1 over r minus r prime. So, that is why this minus sign came in and. So, therefore, this is r minus r prime divided by r minus r prime cube. So, this is what I got now I need to simplify this expression a little bit and for that I use another complicated vector calculus relationship and let me write it down these can be obtained from any standard text books. . So, this is if you want to write down del of a dot c. So, you can write it as remember del of a dot c this is a scalar and the gradient of that will be a vector. So, I can write it as a dot del c plus a cross del cross c plus c dot del a plus c cross del cross a I repeat exactly what I did here. So, notice this that this is of the form a dot del of a scalar function. So, I have sorry a dot del of a vector function now remember what is meant by del of a vector this is actually three quantities. So, take the scalar components and apply del operator on it and the whole thing will then be a vector. So, if you do that and use this expression here notice that I have m dot del.   So, I can write this in terms of this quantity and the three remaining quantities. But then I have to realize that since I have identified a as m and which is a function of r prime the del cross a term or del of a term these two terms do not contribute. So, I am left with only this term minus that and. So, we will write that down. So, that is equal to minus mu 0 by 4 pi. So, del of I am writing now del of a dot c type of thing.  So, this is this is what I have written as my first term. Now, so that tells me that recall my expression what I had here this was my b and I wrote b in terms of this expression and this is the expression which I have now simplified and I have written it like this and therefore, my b of r turns out to be given by an expression like this. And notice this is mu 0 m minus mu 0 by 4 pi grad of something. So, therefore, if I take curl of b I get this term goes away and I am simply left with mu 0 del cross m and del cross m I have identified as the volume current density. Now, so this was due to magnetization. Now, if I include now the current density due to the charge transport namely the conduction current then my equation becomes del cross b given by mu 0 into the magnetizing current or magnetization current plus the conduction current which we have been talking about all the time, where we have defined the conduction current as del cross m as we have done earlier. So, j m is del cross m. Let us look at how does it change my equations. So, firstly integral b dot d l which was obtained from surface integral of del cross b using Stokes theorem. So, I could write this now as mu 0 times if you like a term which is I m magnetizing current and plus the normal current which is I I conduction where I m is defined as surface integral of del cross m dot with d s which according to Stokes theorem is line integral of m dot d l. Now, notice this enables us to rewrite the Ampere's law in this form b minus m mu 0 m dot d l is equal to mu 0 I conduction. So, the Ampere's law which is integral b dot d l equal to mu 0 I or I conduction is changed because of magnetized medium or magnetic medium by this quantity. Now, so what we do is this that in the presence of magnetic material we define a new vector which is called vector h is through this relationship b by mu 0 minus m. Now, there is a lot of confusion on what these things are called. The convention that is followed in many textbook is to call the vector b as the magnetic field of induction or magnetic induction and the vector h is usually called the magnetic field. Now, however wherever there is no confusion calling b as the magnetic field has been very standard. So therefore, we will be using both, but very clearly specifying whether we are talking about h field or b field. So therefore, in terms of this new vector that I have defined. So, we have said that vector h is equal to b by mu 0 minus m and in terms of this vector I have integral h dot d l is equal to i. You notice what this is doing. Now, when I have a magnetic material it is difficult to separate out what is the contribution due to the magnetizing current and the conduction current, but supposing you could do it. So, in some sense the vector h the magnetic field h is thought to arise by conduction current alone. Whereas, the magnetic field b is the actual field that will be measured at any point because it is the superposition of the field due to the magnetization and the charge transport. And exactly the same way del cross of h will turn out to be J c instead of del cross b equal to mu 0 J. So, this is the way the Maxwell's equation will be stated in the integral and differential form in terms of the quantity h. And in fact, if you are defining a scalar potential then we would like to define h is equal to minus gradient of phi m. This will be our operating definition because earlier we had put in a mu 0 for b because mu if there are no magnetic material then h and b are proportional to each other. If magnetization is 0 then you can see b is equal to mu 0 h. Magnetic materials are of different types. Now if you apply small magnetic field then it turns out that the magnetization is proportional to h that is the linear response. And as a result the quantity which is magnetization I write it as a quantity chi m times h. So, magnetization m is given by a constant chi m times h and this is known as the magnetic susceptibility. Magnetic materials are generally divided into three broad classes. There are what are known as paramagnets I will talk about it little later. But paramagnets are those material for which the magnetic susceptibility is greater than 0. And we will realize that because of a law called the Faraday's law there are. So, this is paramagnet and these are known as diamagnets. We will also see that there is a class of material known as paramagnet is a little more complicated. So, I am leaving it for the moment. So, b which is written as mu 0 h plus m can be written as mu 0 into because m is chi m h. So, mu 0 into 1 plus chi m into h and this quantity mu 0 into 1 plus chi m is usually written as mu h. Remember mu was called the permeability of the vacuum and this mu is the permeability of the medium. 1 plus chi m is occasionally called as the relative permeability which is a number which sort of shows that what is the factor by which the permeability changes when there is a magnetic material present. We could continue this and obtain the boundary conditions for h and this is integral b dot d s equal to 0. We have seen this is always valid and that gave us b the normal component of b to be continuous. We had shown that integral b dot d l equal to mu 0 i leads us to the tangential component of b to be discontinuous by an amount k there was a mu 0 there. Since this equation is very similar it tells me that h 1 minus h 2 tangential that is equal to k cross n that is k is the surface current density. I will discuss the application of scalar and the vector potential to a specific problem and I will start with application of the scalar potential method to a uniformly magnetized sphere. So, here in this picture I am showing a uniformly magnetized sphere and this is I am taking the magnetic moments all aligned along the z direction and let us suppose I am making an observation at a point r which is sort of located at a point an angle theta phi with respect to the z axis. Recall that we had said that this scalar potential can be written as a surface term and a volume term. The volume charge density volume magnetic charge density was given by minus del dot m and the surface charge density was given by n dot m. So, therefore, since my magnetization is uniform del dot m will be 0 in this case of course, because these are within integration they are all prime. So, I will be simply left with a surface term and let us look at what do I get.   So, this is m cos theta and I am going to expand 1 over r minus r prime in terms of spherical harmonics this we have done several times.  So, the dependence is on theta prime phi prime and star and then y l m theta phi. So, this quantity has to be introduced in that the before you do that we realize that m dot m r prime is m times cosine theta prime, but I also observe that cosine theta prime is nothing but y 1 0. So, therefore, I will write this as equal to square root of these are normalization factors 8 pi by 3 m times y 1 0 and since this is a prime this is a function of theta prime phi prime. I plug all these things there and I will have to do an integration since it is on a surface the integration is essentially over a solid angle. So, therefore, let me do that integration separately and I will plug in all the remaining quantities later.  Since cosine theta prime is basically a y 1 0 theta prime phi prime this tells me when I integrate this I am going to get l is equal to 1 and m is equal to 0 by the orthogonality of the spherical harmonics. So, in this expression here if I take l is equal to 1 m is equal to 0. So, I will get a 1 over 3 factor and I will be left of course, I will take care of all these constants and all that.   Notice that if I am inside the sphere then r greater is my radius r and if I am outside the sphere my r greater is the smaller. So, in this expression if I am inside the sphere down this scalar potential phi of m. So, this will cancel and I will be left with simply m by 3 r cos theta which is nothing but m by 3 z outside the sphere it is a little more complicated I get m by 3.   So, what you have to do now is to obtain take the gradient of these expressions to find out how much are the various magnetic fields. So, remember I defined that scalar potential h is given by minus grad phi is my h field. So, since grad is nothing but d by d z in this case. So, that is simply minus m by 3 this is inside and the corresponding b field is given by mu 0 into h plus m which is equal to 2 by 3 mu 0 m. The expression for the outside field the outside there are no magnetic material. So, I can directly write down b is equal to mu 0 minus mu 0 grad phi.  So, this differentiation we can easily do.  So, I will be left with unit vector r and d by d r. So, I get 2 cos theta divided by r cube plus unit vector theta sin theta divided by r cube again. Now, you can combine them and express in the coordinate free form as mu 0 m r cube by 3.  This is an expression that we had seen earlier. So, if you now combine these results you find that the b field and the h field look like this. Notice that the fields as you have seen are constant inside. We had seen that b is given by 2 thirds mu 0 m, but of course, outside we know that they will form closed loops. So, this is the way the b and h sort of behave. In the next lecture, I will use the vector potential method of deriving the same things and what we do there is to take this expression for the vector potential and we realize once again because of the fact that del cross of m is equal to 0. I have left with only a surface quantity to work out and we will see that vector potential method can also be used to obtain an expression for the magnetic field in this case.


That's a ferry, that's a ferrox. Oh, since we left the mainland. Say, you don't think it might be a fire. That you were a soldier, Corporal Denton, not a sailor. Yeah, Gary and my time, a man whose soldier had no little of everything. No telling what he might get into. Oh, days they got everything specialized. No chance to let a man use his brain. All right, Lee, swing around and cut the engine. We'll beat you right up to the little inland. Yes, sir. Hop out, Gary, make her fast. Yeah, okay. If we're free right here, we can tie onto him. Well, tie her up, tie, Gary. We can't have the boat drifting away. Yeah, it's done. Come on. Easy there, Lee. All right, let's go. Whoa. Hey, wait a minute. Hey, we're not the only boat that's been tied up here. Look here, lads. What's the matter? Look here, marks of another boat. See them there on the sand? Gee, they sure look like it. They are. About as fresh as if they was made last night. See here, here's another place. Yeah, and look here, footprints. You're right, Corporal Denton. There has been someone here not long ago. I wonder if he's still in the shack. I don't think so. He'd have to use a boat to get off the island, and the boat's gone. It's true, true, not, Gary, but maybe...  Here goes. No answer. Come on, let's go. Here, here, here, here. I'm in command, being rank an officer. Take it easy like now. Ain't no use rushing off into a place not known what's ahead. Say, if you tried that in the Philippines in my day, you'd find yourself in a pretty bad hole, so easy does it. I'll lead the detail. All right. All right. Doesn't seem like anybody's here. You never can tell, Gary. Many an ambush has been successful, because those caught in it thought they were safe. Oh, oh, there's the shack. Yeah, nobody's around. Hold off a minute, lad. Say that the door's open. So it is. All right, I guess we're safe for a little foray. Look a little faster, lads. Holy smoke, I nearly jumped out of my skin. What do you see, Corporal Dan? Right there. Take a look at that tree. Why? Some of the little branches have been cut off. That's right, Lee. Take a closer look at them. Look here, lads. Somebody's hacked off a few of the small branches with a knife. And it ain't so long time ago, neither. Sapp ain't had time to heal the cuts.   That's something everybody with even a little mind of sense would know. Now, whoever was in this cabin certainly was a greener, a rookie. Didn't have no better sense than to try to use green wood for a fire. Well, come on. Let's look inside. Yeah, okay, let's go. Now, easy there, Gary. I'm still living the detail. Now, I'll peek in.  You keep your noses right here. Life is not at stake, but we can take any chance. I think he's making more of this than is necessary. He likes to do it. He's a lot of fun. I think he knows he's kidding. All right, lads. Come on. All's clear. Okay, we're coming. Well, not a soul here. Whoever our bird was, he flew all right. Oh, there's an answer to your fire and smoke, Jerry. Green wood in the fireplace. Yeah, the rookie didn't know it would smolder for a long time. Yeah, I get it. Every once in a while, it would sort of flare up and smoke would come from it. Yep, that's the answer. Like, it's not. It was somebody who didn't have no place else to sleep. Somebody had something to eat. Look here. Oh, something left in the paper. Well, maybe he didn't have no place to sleep, but he didn't skimp himself when it came to eating. Part of a steak left. No goodin'. Best cut. How do you know? Listen, Lee, a man once done his own coconut on to 25 years should know which cut of a steak is the best. Yes, sir. Whoever this was, he gave himself good ration. Hey, look what I found. What is it, Jerry? Look, a gold pencil. Oh, good ones, too. Cheap pencil, lads. Here, let me see it, Jerry. Yeah. Here you are. Oh, good gold and solid, too. Say, are there any initials on it? No, no, nothing. Just plain gold pencil. Well, that's funny. Funny? What do you mean? I guess he just forgot it. Or maybe it fell out of his pocket. Well, I don't mean the reason for him leaving it here, Jerry. I'm thinking about what kind of a person would have a pencil like this. Anybody might have one. I don't know about that, Lee. Oh, gee, I think you're kidding us, Corporal Dent. The way we crept through the clearing to get here and all of that. Well, I will give you that, lads. Corporal Dent was having a bit of fun with you there, but... No, sir, I'm serious now. Because something just struck me like a steel-jacketed bullet. You're not kidding us again? No, no, ain't Lee. Not a bit of it this time. Then what do you mean? Ever read detective stories, lads? Oh, of course. Well, let's be detectives for a minute. Now, we thought that anybody who'd stay in this shack would be looking for a place to sleep. Isn't that right? Sure. Maybe a hobo. Yeah, no. Now, if he was looking for a place to sleep, it stands to reason that he wouldn't have any money to spend for a hotel. No, that's right. Sure, it's right. I said it. No, all right, so far so good, lads. Let's just go a little further now. It stands to reason that anybody having a gold pencil that looks as expensive as this one could be afforded to stay in a hotel. He wouldn't have to stay in an old broken-down shack all night. And he wouldn't have to be cooking his own meals. How's that? Well, what's the matter, don't you follow it? Yeah, I follow it all right. I'm not so sure about it either, Corporal Dan. Not so sure about it, why it's as plain as the nose on your face. Well, it sounds good, but there's one thing wrong. Maybe the pencil was, well, was some sort of a keepsake. Maybe whoever stayed here was keeping it. Sure, and, you know, didn't want to sell it to get money. Oh, no, no, don't think so. Ain't no initials on the pencil. Anybody that gives a pencil like this puts initials on it. I don't think it's keepsake. I think you're kidding us again, Corporal Dan. And I'm telling you I ain't. Old pencils and hobos just don't jive together. They don't fit in. You've been reading detective stories, Corporal Dan. I ain't, I'm just using my head.  Well, suppose it was somebody. Somebody like you said, a man who could afford to spend the night in the Faroaks Hotel, but didn't. A man who could afford to buy the best meat, like you said. Well, what then? Then lads, then we ask why. Why what? Oh, Tarn Nation, leave. I gotta point out everything, ain't you got no imagination of your own? What do they teach you young lads nowadays? They give you everything in books and nothing in the head. Now think, lads, think. Wait, I'm beginning to see. Yeah, so am I. You mean, why should he spend the night here? I'll bet my hat my best one, that he was up to no good. You sure do make it sound real.  About time. Maybe he was hiding. From what? That's something else again. But I'll bet anything that he was hiding from something or somebody. But this is a funny place to hide. Wherever it was, might have known that he was going to be found out. You can't just hide in the middle of a lake that's surrounded by people that'd be bound to catch sight of you. Jerry's right, Corporal Ben. Jerry's right. And that gives me all the more reason for believing that something's up. Call ya, I bet you're right. It certainly sounds that way. Lads, we're going back to my cabin and telephone. Have you got a telephone? Yes, I have.  I just keep it there for emergencies. You know, you never can tell it's coming out. Well, a telephone, I mean now. Well, I ain't had so much fun in a long time. Might be that we're just barking up a bear tree, lads. But, well, anyway, we're having fun and doing it. Yeah, but why are you going to telephone? Why? Well, I'm going to call Will Edwards, the butcher. And I'm going to ask him if a stranger in town bought a best-cutter steak yesterday. Come on, lads. Jerry, maybe you shouldn't have picked up that statuette. Well, I did pick it up.  Well, let's go. Yes, all right, come on. Hey, Jerry. Hey, what are you doing, Jerry? Well, I'm just looking in this wood box. Huh? Some newspapers in here. Oh, come on. Jerry, come on. Ain't no time to be rummaging through trash.  Hey, wait a minute. Wait. What's so interesting about old newspapers? Nothing interesting in old ones. But there is something in new ones. Oh, so our mysterious man left newspapers behind, eh? Ah, looky here. See, this isn't a Faroaks paper. Hey, huh? Well, here, let me look at it. Why do I get my glasses on here? And, uh, let me see. Yeah, you're right. Tend a Faroaks paper. See the town, how papers fold around. Uh, yes, here's the town's name. See, it's kind of interesting. You know, this paper comes from Wardville. Wardville? Yeah. That's the town about 150 miles from here, isn't it, Corporal Dennis? That's right, that's right. Big town about the old three times the size of Faroaks. Well, we'll just keep this. See, look at here. What now? Look at this little sticker fastened to the top of this page. What kind of a sticker? Well, it says, uh, the central and northern railroad wishes you good morning. This paper is placed on your dining cart tables, another added service of the sea and then route. Well, say, looks as though you were right, Corporal Dent. Anyone who travels on a sleeping car certainly wouldn't be a hobo. Well, how do you know he did travel on a sleeping car? Oh, he's right, Jerry. This sticker says, good morning. That means he ate breakfast in a dining car, so he must have been on the train at night. Hey, wait a minute. Turn back to the front page. I thought I saw something. Oh, yes, there you are. What did you see? Look, Lee, look at the headlines. Government continues investigation of bomber crash. Guy Linwell on road to recovery as son visits him. Linwell, he's, uh, he's that, uh, that aviator following it. Yeah, his son Harold is a cadet at Faroaks. And let's see what else it says. Yeah, read it. Wait a minute. I'm trying to find it. Let's see. Now, the headline goes over this way and... Well, well, come on. Give me the paper. I'll read it. You hurry up. Well, wait a minute. Give me a chance, will you? I don't think anybody's going to read the story in this paper. What are you talking about, lad? Come on, come on. Well, take a look for yourself, Jerry. Look, Corporal Dent. Well, let me see. Well, now, this is getting better all the time. You know, I'd mean I was just doing a bit of kiddin' before, makin' somethin' mysterious like, but now this. The story about Harold's dad is cut right out of the front page. By somebody who was in this cabin, who didn't want to be seen by anybody. And he was pretty interested in Harold's dad. But why would he come to Faroaks? Harold's dad isn't here. No. Harold's dad ain't and... and neither is Harold. Huh? What do you mean? Never mind, lads. Something tells me that this thing is kind of grown beyond a little fun. Come on. We're going to see the major at the school. Let's go.


If I sat to talk about all of the unique experiences that the IGL has offered me, this would be a really long video. The IGL is important to me because it's connected me with a community of like-minded students, professors and alumni who are working towards creative solutions to global issues. It provides a space that encourages us students to understand how what we study informs the ways in which we understand the many complexities in global issues. In my first two years of college I took Epic, two years in a row, and got a chance to learn really extensively about the subjects we were studying. I also was able to really develop strong bond with other tough students and really develop and understand each other in a context which is not very usual. I learned a lot through mentors and alumni that I've been connected to because of the IGL. Knowing that I was learning from amongst the best who could possibly teach me this material was an incredible experience. I believe that the IGL is important to have at Dove's University because it creates a community for international and domestic students alike. I think that the IGL has really done its best to really help students develop personally and professionally. I've loved every minute of being involved with the IGL and to thank them from the bottom of my heart for a great experience at Dove. It's a tough test.


Gather around all you faithful servants of the true heirs to the Empire, the Lady Isabella von Karstein and her fierce husband, Vlad von Karstein, great progenitor to the Sylvanian vampires. Our great masters have awakened the transgressions down to them, in Sylvania and beyond, and have decided to take back what is theirs. The full Manfred, Holtzkassel Drakenhoff, are home, but not for long, as our Lady Isabella shall make all but certain. But before Manfredstein comes, Isabella, with the aid of her ladies-in-wetting, has set her sights upon the necromancers and vampires of Templehoff. The von Karstein's need to rally the province of western Sylvania. But the road ahead brings many obstacles, other than the disloyal vampire progeny of Vlad. The moot, an empire settlement in the province of Stirland, lies directly in Isabella's way. Her armies, filled with undead monstrosities, vahgeists, black knights and reanimated corpses, strike with surgical precision at the settlement, unprepared and without warning, the few remaining border patrols are slaughtered and quickly reanimated. They're filthy now owed to a new master, or rather a mistress. The citizenry is untouched for the most part. After all, Isabella has always recognized the need for cattle. But the moot is only one stepping stone. Fault Oberstyer is the more relevant piece the Lady desires. Isabella's actions speak louder than declarations of war. Another strike with the spear-tip of her army, and the fort falls, where soon Sylvania comes one step closer to reunification. Isabella prepares for the uncoming attack on Templehoff Castle. As the Lady does so, she cooks up something especially unpleasant in the form of the deadly spell called the Gaze of Nagarge. Meanwhile, in Schwarzhaven, Vlad awakens his consuming thirst with him. He constructs an army of great power. Two undead regiments of renown at the army's forefront. Soon a messenger of man-threads appears, offering powerful magics in return for a non-aggression pact. Vlad, of course, refuses the offer. Under Vlad's watchful gaze, a gibbet is constructed, also known as Hanging Cages, a silent promise to all the living in Sylvania who would dare stand against their lords. Isabella meanwhile moves from Fort Oberstyer intent on preparing the assault on western Sylvania's capital. Vlad alone is missing now, but not for long. The Lord ventures on Manfred's territory, caring not whether the welp is slighted. His thought is on helping his lady-wife alone. The assault on Castle Templehoff proves victorious, but costly. There is glory in doing battle, as Vlad attacks the castle's western gate, dispatching several regiments of the enemy. Isabella hesitates in her tactical decision-making, and that costs one of her ladies-in-waiting in particular, who is knocked out during the fray. Isabella's own soldiers take to the city walls, the necrotic flesh proving most resistant to the arrows come from the guard towers. Diavas and Vargas decimate the enemy's ranks from above, making the task for Isabella and her beasts that much easier, even as the vampire lords of Templehoff tries to stop them. Meanwhile Vlad's army is still held at bay by the enemy's regiments, but soon enough it will no longer matter. The skeleton soldiers and armoured creatures have nothing, if not brittle bones, against Vlad's blade. The vampire lords falls, unable to stand against the Vargas' razor-sharp claws and Isabella's bolts of dark magic, which leap from her eyes, withering flesh, blackening the bone beneath it. He is a fierce warrior, but attacked from all sides, even one as skillful as he is in the art of raising the dead cannot help to survive, not for long. The vampire lords undead crumble with him, as Western Sylvania falls, under the Von Karstein's rule once again. Thus is concluded our first chapter, the chapter of the subjugation of Western Sylvania. Thank you for taking the time to watch this, I've been meaning to do something more narrative for a while now, and since I love Total War Warhammer and Warhammer in its entirety, I thought this might be the best thing to start off with. If you'd like to check any of my other videos, let's play some so on and so forth, please go do that. Also click that subscribe button, like if you would like to help me grow bigger, and as always, I hope to see you again next time. Bye!


Everybody forced here. I've been 21 22 NT and prison basketball hobby two box mixer number 11. It's a random team style break Drop it on the link and chat for you. We're gonna get started guys You can always find these results at late in sports cards comm here comes a link again Start with prism hobby then finish with NT hobby Mom logo man or black prison or both you guys think we're lucky enough into black prism and a logo man and back-to-back boxes The odds are never zero Duarte base for the Pacers silver Zegarowski nets rookie Hyper Grizzlies Jaren Jackson Jr. I think the Padres the Padres could for sure do it There's serious about getting another another like Tautis level player as well Bones Highland base rookie nugs pulsar wizards Kyle Kuzma orange wave Celtics Paul Pierce to 60 Cory Kisper. Oh, we got a goal. Uh, yeah, we do have a gold coming up After this silver Jalen Brunson for the Mavericks, we have a true gold prism jazz bojambang donovic nice Basically a color match for the jazz there three out of ten. There you go, Utah Always good to see some gold solid player to Team is he on now? No, it's jane. It's Ingles. That's on a different team. Okay. Mobley base rookie cabs Boston Ruby wave key on Johnson Clippers rookie hyper key on Johnson Clippers Fearless Anthony Edwards insert. I forgot who pulled it, but I saw a green shimmer Yanis get pulled out of first off the line. It looks so nice there. Yeah color match in all silver Celtics Jalen Brown Red D-Book for the Suns to 299 Lakers base auto Lamar Odom Wiggins purple eyes for the nugs Aaron Gordon Out of 149 Yeah, move I know the feeling man about 10 years ago a little over 10 years ago the magic were like consistently like one of the top teams in the East and then It just fell apart real quick and we've been Pretty terrible sense silver for the Sonics Gary Payton Sonics go to the Thunder hyper Hawks pick a Pella. I know the feeling man That's how it is for small markets though Jalen green rookie for the Rockets Montreuse how Ruby wave wizards silver fearless Damian Lillard Blazers Ruby wave Lakers Carmelo Anthony hyper blazer C. Jim McCallum Kaminga base rookie dubs Jared Butler silver Sixers ty Aaron Tyrese Maxie I'm Aaron the Yoke at 75th anniversary nice one nuggets to 75 Three of 75 Now when Aaron Gordon boost up that wasn't that upset they had never been higher than the eight seed with them I think seven or eight seed so it was more of like yeah, we gotta rebuild Just making pick 15 every year Scotty Barnes Raptors rookie hyper Ben Wallace pistons fearless Pacers auto here to month of sabonis silver sensational sigs the verse Banton silver Steph. There you go dubs Blue ice Brandon Ingram pelicans to 125 Butler insert an NT now The worst place to train on green warriors to 99 of the base parallel printing plate one of one Mavericks mark a guire from flawless Jersey card to 99 nuggets Jamal Murray. That's nice patch card bulls Lonzo ball game gear to 25 All vets should be game-worn definitive ink Allen Iverson Sixers to 49 Nice AI bag for you sixers true RPA Pacers Isaiah Jackson Nice patch on the true RPA Pacers of the sweet hit mag as well Get a heat Jersey card Kyle Lowry to 99 My favorite magic team probably that oh nine team that went to the finals when that lost to the Lakers 20 oh nine and ten I think no it was oh nine it was oh nine Jersey card warriors Chris mullin to 99 With Richard Lewis and Turcaloo and Ray for all stinted Amir Nelson and Dwight Howard Auto mark price on card to 49 for the calves treasured signatures On the back is a Maurice cheeks signature six of ten six or six years to hits to autos in NT good break for you Stop Sterling. I appreciate it man. Yeah, appreciate it. Glad you're enjoying. All right, let's do a recap of that break All right, we had relic Chris mullin Lonzo ball Jamal Murray auto Maurice cheeks mark price Subbonus for the Pacers Lamar Odom Lakers Kyle Lowry Jersey card for Miami True RPA Pacers Isaiah Jackson and Allen Iverson out of 49. I'll do it. Thanks again everybody One of those coming up next another mixer coming up next


We're here at ITU telecom world 2012, and I'm very pleased to be joined by Theo Cosmora who is CEO of the People's Vision Theo, thank you very much indeed for being with us today Thank you for your time and for the invite. The ICT sector has been undergoing major transformations recently I wanted to find out from you what you think are the principal opportunities arising from these transformations Well as we know we're a number of magic And I think that as convergence accelerates people and platforms and solutions come together What we're seeing is nothing short of alchemy A good example is water two parts of hydrogen one part of oxygen bring those two together you get water So I don't think no one knows truly what the Convergence of ecosystems and solutions is going to materialize It's going to materialize as But it's magic and it's very very exciting times for all of us What do you think are going to be the main challenges facing people to do? I think how to structure partnerships well a to be aware that partnerships are absolutely necessary and the only way forward number one Number two how to structure this partnership so that every stakeholder Benefits and gains as a stakeholder not only do we need to go beyond shareholders PPPs are well known. We need to add two more piece to those two piece So they're for peace and then partnerships public-private people planet Partnerships five P's and all at the moment Most parties are focused just in public and private. We categorically have to bring the contributors to wealth people Into the equation and I think we need to bring our home the planet into the equation otherwise It's more of the same and how do you propose to do that? well, we've developed a business a business model called the people's business and it's structured around Maslow's hierarchy of needs and We've devised a framework focused around three categories of empowerment conscious empowerment social empowerment and economic empowerment if People are contributing to the wealth of a community online of a nation of a business I think people need to be those who are contributing and performing needs to be given the opportunity to participate and share in That's wealth so people the people's business brings together an ecosystem of solutions ranging from social business and e-commerce networking collaboration solutions interaction with other external networks Mobile payment solutions based on IVR really easy to use Where you can send money from any phone number to any phone number we partner with local banks and telcos and two hardware solutions all our solutions Connect with existing systems which have been put in place by governments and the UN Such as the Millennium Development Goals. We've got two and a half more years to achieve the MDGs and right now the Capacity to achieve them is restricted by the Lack of solutions that are readily available to consumers So we've developed a range for example of mobile devices and if I may show this this is The first ever MDG branded phone It's got two SIM card slots inside and it's perfect for airlines for example to sell on board and Promote the MDGs now there's a commercial margin in there for all parties to benefit airlines people promoters Telcos banks all parts can participate in promoting and achieving the MDGs 2015 is two and a half years away in a race You only win once you've crossed the line crossing the line of the MDGs is a long long time away a lot can be achieved We've just got to focus on them and come up and come around with solutions, which are economically Sharing with all parties to achieve the MDGs then we can go to the sustainable Development goals, but we've got to focus on achieving the MDGs and ICT solutions such as this little baby This just sells for 20 pounds 19 pounds 99 And we can create so much awareness if all airlines national airlines were advised or Requested by the governments who've signed up to the MDGs to sell these online and promote the MDGs So let's get on with them. What's been the response like so far everyone wants it everyone wants one It's just so cute. It's got two SIM card slots Telcos can put their own SIM cards, so they continue to make revenue from it Airlines can have their own branded SIM card Airlines NGOs can have their own brand up there, so it's co-design Everyone benefits and that's what the MDGs are all about all the people of the planet Working together to bring about solutions which make the world a better place for all people and finally we're here at ITU telecom world 2012 what for you makes this a key event? I Think the talent the imagination the visions The passion you see passion all over the place and the focus that's Together we can Collectively make the world a better place. That's what that's what makes me passionate about being here. I'm very excited about meeting the kind of Brilliant minds which are all over the place here at ICT Well, we wish you the very best of luck with your projects and thank you very much for being with us today. Thank you, Max