Hello and welcome back to the craft box. My name is Brent and today we're in episode 60 if there was a 101 death walkthrough last episode if you haven't checked it out What do we do? We went into the plaza of conquests and we did things on there And today we're entering the Grand Chasm Which is where we are now and we're talking to Belia who is somewhere Places, I don't know where she is. She's somewhere I'm gonna use to teleport her home and see where we go. Oh This place I know where this place is. We're going the wrong way. That's a way. It's great Already going the wrong way. Hello, Edric You're cool He's cool. This is the um Grand Chasm. Yeah interesting place a So Lots of death people around here as well My hope of fire. What are you doing here so far from the Academy? I am Chief Vault Clerk Belia Windgazer to be allowed access to the lower vault You'll first need to fill out a series of forms. I have the paperwork right here Oh, these stone keepers sent you my pardon. His recommendation is enough for me You should have no trouble reaching the lower vault Someone rebuilt the bridges damaged by the raid if you can't believe it. Oh Sadly the vault is sealed tight the vault master had the only key on him when he died during the Titan armies attack I put in a requisition form for a new key, but no one has processed it My hands are tied. Perhaps you should talk to Edric's Catergla. He might know what to do. Okay Let's head back to Edric then Yeah, so this place is really cool and there's a really cool dungeon that will probably do next episode because I think there's a lot to do before it So, yeah, that's always cool Hello, I can't talk right now. I've been trying to finish these four. Well, it's been quite a long time Yes, I understand you're looking for something. But how important can it be? Compared to my work, for example, I've discovered a crystal here that has stored different states of time I don't mean to discourage you in your pursuit of Well, whatever it is that brought you here fetch my research notes and I'll see what I can do for you They're in the nearby tower. I'd call myself, but I'm conducting some rather delicate experiments with this crystal Mmm No facets are forming as time passes Fascinating Okay Let us head over to the tower Not far at all Yeah This whole place is actually pretty small It makes it they make it look really big on the map, but it's actually pretty small But yeah, let's hit up here This will probably be a gauntlet, you know because Why not use a gauntlet? It's Dragon Spire for all Whoa, that's trippy. Whoo Whoo Okay, oh No, it isn't a gauntlet. That's a surprise Whoa, that was Why was it what I don't I don't understand Why would they have an instance? Just for that It's kind of weird. Who knows Maybe they used to be a gauntlet there and they're like, no, we're not having a gauntlet anymore Do they I don't even know did they recently remove gauntlets lots of gauntlets from Dragon Spire because I don't remember if they did or not I know they fixed Celestrian Zavaria. Thank goodness Those are the notes. Thank you for your assistance Hmm. I feel foolish. I have studied this thing before I remember now I had nearly finished examining it when some blasted fool summoned the dragon titan I'm so close to discovering its secrets, but I'll need some help here And then I'll offer you my undivided attention. This crystal needs an energy source Another crystal not only that but a battery made from a specific type of pristine crystal You can get them from the crystal crawlers that infest this area. Would you get one for me? Okay, I'll be back once I've defeated a crystal crawler and collected a pristine crystal Okay, I am back This one's not perfect, but it will certainly do Now what good is a power source if it doesn't have any power the pristine crystal will do as a battery But now it needs a charge. I would do it myself if I could believe me I Stored a charger in one of the votes just tell chief vault clerk Belia windgazer that I said it was all right I'm sure it won't take long Good. Um, okay, let us Do this and get and talk to Belia Belia hello You want admittance into ediric scatter glows vault normally that would require three signatures. Oh, but considering the circumstances Here is the key to ediric scatter glows vault. No signature required Get ediric scatter glows charger from vault D on floor eight You'll have to pass a few security measures So be careful and please return the key afterwards. I'm responsible for it Okay What the hello? What flip this game is literally unplayable Seriously, how did I even make it up? Yeah, who knows? Okay, let us go down into this. This is definitely a gauntlet. I know that for sure Just because how how wouldn't it be? Yeah, that is dragon's fire. Haha Okay, this is a really cool place as well. So, yeah Like look how cool this looks Yeah, okay, I'm gonna stop being cool Not cool uncle thinking things are cool when they're actually probably not but let's go down here Okay, you're about to enter a dungeon Oh If you log out or leave for longer than 30 minutes, you'll be returned to the start. Oh, no That's a shame Okay, two one My mouse has been weird again Okay, all it us do a couple of these levels on camera just because why not you know What are you storm? Okay Yep, let's do this. Okay. So how much after you have not too much a 950 year not too much Boop Boop What's this fire cat?  What is wrong with my mouse? What is wrong with my mouse? I don't even know. Who knows. Boom. Okay, lightning mats. That's cool. 3-9-3. Yikes. Just for fun. Why not? Why not? You know, just want it for the lulls.  Thunder Snake. Whoa, what a surprise. They're actually a really good team. They're like trapping and then heading and then blading and then heading.  Wait. Wait. Who this? Wait. Um, yeah. You know what?  They may not kill, but you know, it's worth a try. Also, we get some health. Cos we nearly a half. Let's see how much this does. 805. Nearly. That's pretty good. Two vampires and they're dead. Let's get to know. If I had two blades again, you know, that would be really dead. Nope. Thanks for giving me blades now, man. Let's try out this whole two blade theory. Cos why not? Why not? Why not? Boop. Boop. Boop.  What? Okay. You know what? We're not going to do that yet. We're going to pass and we're going to kill with a wraith and then we're going to try. Just because, yeah.  This is actually not going too well, which is not good. I don't have any potions either. So, rip. Oh, thank you for fizzling. Let's try this. How much does this do? Hopefully a lot. 112. Yeah, it's pretty good. Alright, I just need to then try to kill. Which is good. Beast off. Stop. Geez, stop, man. Do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do. Do-do-do-do-do. Powerpup. This is my problem. I don't get enough powerpups. Like, I never get powerpups when I need them. Powerpup. Powerpup. Powerpup. Powerpup. Powerpup. Powerpup. Thank you. Do-do-do. Do-do-do. Six-two-five. Yay. There we go. Let us head on up to the next floor. The life people. Yuck. What's bad? This means we usually can't heal because we have to use bloomin' poison. Let's do this battle and then I'll do the rest off camera just because I don't want to do all of the eight floors on camera because that's just ridiculous. Um, yeah. So. Do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do. Do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do. Do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do. If I don't death shield, I can probably vampire. Yeah, I could probably vampire one of them dead. And then I can just, you know, get the other with the cheeky-wee Poison if they shield. That's actually a good idea. Smart thinking there. What, Wraith? We probably won't need you. Just because vampire and poison will be enough. Do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do. Which one do we hate more? Who has more pips? You have more pips. So we'll get you out. Just because you have more pips. Yeah, it's a bit, it's a bit pippest. But that's fine. Boop and bloop. There we go. He's dead. Yay. 500 health. Yas. Nearly 600 health. That's always good. Do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do. Okay, we will blade.  Which looks like it will be vampire, hopefully. We get a power pot and vampire. Boop. Do we get a vampire? Nope, we didn't get a vampire. Oh, I'm tired. Um, we're gonna pass. We also didn't get a power pot, which is unlucky, but you know. We got a vampire, but do I need health? Yeah, I need health. I need health. Do-do-do-do-do-do. Okay, vampire. There we go. Yas, it's Yas. No fizzle, yay. Bloop. Boop. There we go. 1168. Nearly 600 health once again. Yay, we're full health. Okay. Um, yeah. Who's on the next level? I just wanna see and then I'll, I won't record the next level, but yeah, no. You know, oh look, more people. I'll be back. And once I finish this. Okay, after two more levels, finally at the crystal charger. All for just that. Wow, thanks game. Um, nearly killed me twice, but that's cool. That's, that's cool. Obviously this game loves me still.  Um, yeah, okay, let's head back to Belia. Boop, boop, boop, boop, boop, boop, boop, boop, boop. This time let's not get stuck in the thing, because that was weird. That didn't take long. I suppose our security isn't as foolproof as we once thought. Go tell Edric Scatterglow that you found the charger. Okay, um, let's head back to Idrik. And then I think we'll end off the episode just because we'll save the instance for next time, because I know it's kinda long. So yeah, we'll talk to Idrik. That's it. That battery is ready for use. I can't tell you how long I've waited for this. Please young wizard, put the charge crystal into the mechanism. Don't worry, this is science. What could possibly go wrong? Actually, you know what? We're gonna go put it in now. Whoa. You're about to enter it. That's kinda cool. It's kinda weird. Okay. Um, yeah, let us head on in and put it in. Just because this room's kinda cool, and it kinda gives you an idea of what we're doing next episode. Boop, boop, boop, boop. Is it this one? This one. The crystal shimmers and begins displaying images from past, present and future, all colliding together. A portal seems to form in the center. Yeah, I wonder where that is. Hmm, who knows? Yeah, we'll talk to Idrik and then we'll end the episode just because that was a quick, quick, quick, quick quest there. Well, where are we going, Idrik? Hello. It's... it's amazing. I can see fragments of the past and the future, all at once arrayed with crystal precision. What a sight. I never could have accomplished this without you. Speaking of time, it's certainly time for me to help you. So, what can I do for you? You need the Vaultkeeper to give you a portal stone, is that it? Hmm, I'm afraid you're out of luck. The Vaultkeeper is long dead. Perhaps if you'd come here much, much earlier. Wait a moment. I've got it. This mysterious time crystal might just be able to send you back in time. Before the Vaultkeeper died, you could ask him for the key yourself. Of course, it sounds crazy. But do you have a better idea? Then think of the Vaultkeeper and touch the crystal. The crystal should also bring you back. So, next episode we're going head into the... Head into the... the... the instance and we'll go forward into history. And we'll talk to the Vaultkeeper. So yeah, thank you for watching. I'm going to deliver like and subscribe.  And remember, craft, outside the box.


taking raw maa. But if you feel uncomfortable, I can ask them to leave. No, no. It's okay, I'm fine. So when did you decide to come to Kenya? There was a civil law in my country, so I just had to leave because my life was in danger. When did you decide that here is where you wanted to stay? I did not decide that. I just ran after radicals came to my village, I just had to find some mother who saved me. I bet you believed you were rescued. Ya, for a while I thought it was. How? I got refugee status and was lucky to be hired by some wonderful woman at Akipanda. You know, not many migrants get to have jobs in the movie, you are lucky. Yes, I thought it was. What do you mean by thought you were? I fell in love and thought I would get why I had to leave after. What happened? You know, he used to come to the show sometimes not to even buy anything. I still see me. We grew fond of each other's time passed by and fell in love. And I thought to me, right? That doesn't really seem badly of believing you would get your happy ending. Ya, I thought it changed. How did it change? I mean, it became something else. Do I have to remove my own shoes? I'm hungry, bring me my food now. What are you supposed to say? Yes, honey. Let's try this again.  What are you supposed to say? Yes, honey. Was that all it did? Hit you, I mean. No, that was not all. Specially when he was drunk. He would. Why do you think you said yes? We can take a break if that's okay with you. No, it's okay, thank you. What about right now? Right now, I was able to leave him, but I continued running the shop. So eventually my boss got me full citizenship. Wow, it's like a phoenix rising out of the ashes. So, if you are asked to go back to your country at any moment to visit or to stay, do you go? Ya, yes sure, I would. Why? After all you went through there? Since home.


Hello everyone, my name is Brenda Williams and I'm the Assistant to the Chair in Design Media Arts at UCLA. I'd like to welcome everyone to Bias Data, a panel discussion on intersectionality and the internet ethics. Bias Data was created as a response to inequality and bias in the internet culture and other network technologies. While many academic disciplines acknowledge social inequality in the real world, little work has been done on how these cultural paradigms bleed into online life. The panel will be moderated by Johanna Hedva and Casey Rias. Casey Rias is an artist and educator based in Los Angeles. He has exhibited, screened, and performed his work in galleries and museums around the world. Rias is a professor at the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Department of Design Media Arts. He holds a master's degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Media Arts and Sciences as well as a bachelor's degree from the School of Design, Architecture, Art, Planning at the University of Cincinnati. With Ben Fry, Rias initiated processing in 2001. Johanna Hedva is a writer and artist from Los Angeles. She makes novels, plays, performances, poetry, theory, and criticism in the forms of books and text with other people in space and time and or as visual objects. She got an MFA in art and an MA in aesthetics and politics from the California Institute of the Arts. Her work with the Processing Foundation is motivated by her political activism in intersectional feminism, anti-white supremacy, anti-capitalism, and for the rights of queer trans, differently abled, and neuro-atypical people from all backgrounds. Our three panelists tonight are UCLA Information Studies professor Safia Noble whose research focuses on the intersection of transnational culture and technology on the internet and is currently writing a book about Google and information bias. Informations Doctorial Studies student Marika Sifor whose research interests include archives, gender and sexuality, and memory. And we have Ann Chalmina, leader of the production team for BRIDGE, a platform for social translation of social media, and co-founder of Civic Beat, a research collective focused on the creative side of civic technology. The panel will examine how real world biases and inequality are replicated and systematically integrated into neutral algorithms and databases. I'd like to give out a special thanks to the organizers. Senyu Lin, Peter Lu, Sophia Stubb, Gal Bin Kin, Lillian Chris, and Echo Theor. We'd also like to thank the Department of Design Media Arts at UCLA, the Graduate Student Services Association, and Void Lab. And now, Sophia, will you come to the podium to begin the evening? Thank you.


Okay, Shvanpanim Hamudim, it is time for your Vaknin Doze. Vaknin you say? Who is Vaknin? Saint Vaknin, are you living under a rock? Saint Vaknin, the author of Malignan self-love and the narcissism revisited, and a professor of psychology, to the detriment of all his students. And today we are going to discuss, as usual, a plethora of topics somehow mysteriously interconnected via my gigantic intellect. Okay, enough modesty, let's get to business. The narcissist, as you know from my previous videos, those of you who had survived my previous videos. Narcissist demands two out of three S's, the famous three S's. He demands two out of three S's, from his so-called intimate partner in the shared fantasy. What are these three S's? Sex, of course, number one. Supply, both narcissistic supply and sadistic supply, if he is a sadist. And the third S is services. All kinds of services. As a driver, as a cook, as a chambermaid, as a personal assistant. So the narcissist expects at least two of these three. It could be supply and services. It could be sex and services. It could be sex and supply. Unfortunately, that's it. These are the three permutations. And if he doesn't get, if he's not getting these two out of three, well, he moves on to devalue and discard. Actually, the trigger or the signal for devalue and discard is when more than two of these three S's are missing or begin to be missing. But the two, the three S's are only one brick in a two brick wall.  So again, three S's and E2A. What is the E2A? It sounds like a Pentagon brief. The E2A is something the narcissist expects as well. Unmitigated exclusivity. It's the E, adulation that's the first A, and availability. Unlimited, instant, on call, on demand availability. So I repeat, exclusivity, adulation, availability. E2A. Three S's, sex, supply, services. E2A, exclusivity, adulation, availability. If the partner denies him, any of these three or any of these six in combinations, at that point, the narcissist devalues and discards the partner. So when it comes to the three S's, two out of three are enough. When it comes to the E2A, all three should be present. The partner should be exclusive, adulate the narcissist and be immediately available on call. If any of these three is missing, the partner is devalued and discarded. Now, the narcissist can discard the partner in a variety of ways. For example, he can absent himself from the relationship emotionally. He can stop having sex, withdraw sex. He can simply vanish, disappear physically. There are many ways to discard the partner. So two out of three S's and E2A.  The only exception is the compensatory cerebral narcissist. Yeah, you're right, it's getting more complicated by the video. Compensatory cerebral narcissist. The cerebral narcissist is a narcissist who leverages his intelligence, his intellect, his education and his erudition. He leverages these to obtain narcissistic supply to secure adulation, admiration, adoration and attention. That's a cerebral narcissist. He doesn't have much of a body, but he has a big brain, no brain or brain.  Genius narcissist, narcissist with the wunderkind mask, the mask of genius, that genius narcissist doesn't lack for female attention or male attention. The compensatory cerebral narcissist is a cerebral narcissist who does all this, leverages his intellect and intelligence and knowledge and so on. He does all this because he's trying to compensate for a deep set sense of inadequacy, for lack, for a feeling that he is somehow inferior to others and the narcissism on display is compensatory. It compensates for this. The compensatory cerebral narcissist demands only supply and services. He does not want sex and he expects only total adulation and availability, but not exclusivity. And this is the only type of narcissist who does this. All other narcissists expect two out of three S's and E2A, exclusivity, adulation and availability. The compensatory cerebral narcissist expects only supply and services, adulation and availability. The compensatory cerebral narcissist goes through lengthy bouts of celibacy. And these are the trenchant outcomes of egregious self-hatred, self-loathing and punishment grounded in fatherless self-rejection. But in addition to that, the cerebral narcissist, like all narcissists of all types, is actually a misogynist if he is a man or a misundrist if she is a woman. And this misogyny or misundry, they are couched in ideological turns of grandiose superiority.  I don't need anyone. I don't need anything and I don't want anything. And consequently no one has power over me. I am not like everyone else.  I'm above this. I'm superior. I'm an intellect.  It's a rejection of the body, of course. And in many ways, it's body, it's a form of body dysmorphia. And it is, of course, a manifestation of grandiosity. So when the cerebral, when the compensatory cerebral narcissist rejects sex and forgoes exclusivity, he is displaying his grandiosity which had ossified to the point of ideology.  I've discussed this at length in other videos. It's a set, grandiosity is a set of psychological defenses founded on cognitive biases and on an impaired reality testing. The main function of grandiosity is to uphold and buttress a distorted fantasy self-perception, a counterfactual self-image. But this self-image, the locus of the fantastic grandiosity, can be negative, not only positive. This is where all self-styled online experts spew nonsense. Grandiosity is not about being the best, being the greatest, being perfect. No, it's not. It's about upholding the narcissist's self-image and self-perception. And if the self-image and self-perception are negative, the narcissist is vehemently going to protect these negative self-perceptions and self-image. He's going to be emotionally invested. He's going to be affected in his negative self-image and self-perception. He's going to brag.  Narcissists emotionally invest in being extreme, not in being perfect. And so the locus of the grandiosity, the locus of the fantasy, the self-image, or the self-perception can absolutely be negative. A narcissist, for example, can be proud of what a consummate failure is, what an amazing and precedent loser is, how humble he is, how downtrodden, how mistreated, how virtuous, how saintly, how horish, how unattractive he is, and so on. All you have to do is visit the online communities of incels. Incels are the vast majority of them, are narcissists.  I've dedicated a whole video to this, the masochistic, the masochistic anti-narcissists. So it's not about being perfect, it's about being the the perfect adjective, the perfect winner, but also the perfect loser, the perfect success, but also the perfect failure, the perfect beauty, but also the perfect ugliness. As long as it is perfect, the grandiosity is invested there.  He negates his body to perfection. He perfectly rejects his imperfect body. All other narcissists are not like that, of course. And that is why they do expect to have sex, to receive sex from the intimate partner, and they do expect her to be exclusive. In these cases where the narcissist is invested in negativity, the grandiosity will be invested in negative automatic thoughts. It will serve to aggressively defend these thoughts against challenges and countervailing information from the outside. Anyone who had administered cognitive behavioral therapy to a narcissist knows that I'm right. The narcissist would argue with you. If you try to kind of disabuse the narcissist of some patently erroneous counterfactual negative automatic thoughts, the narcissist will fight back tooth and claw.  He is ugly. He's the ugliest man on earth. There's never been anyone uglier than him, and never will be, etc, etc. This is his claim to fame. This is where his grandiosity resides. Okay, I would like to move now to the second part of the video, which has to do with borderlines. Borderlines are very confusing characters, and they're very confusing characters because borderline personality disorder is a misleading misnomer. It's not a personality. It's an assemblage of self-states, each one coming very close to being a separate personality. And these self-states or sub-personalities or pseudo-identities, these self-states are very often mutually exclusive. This is known as identity disturbance. The borderline doesn't have a core, stable, predictable identity. And so borderlines are likely to say things, to exclaim, to argue in ways that throw the listener off in ways that confuse and befuddle and puzzle. For example, one of the most common exclamations of the promiscuous or otherwise dysregulated borderline is, now I want to settle down. Now I want to have a stable lifelong love relationship. Why shouldn't we believe the borderline when she says this? Because it's not true. This statement is attributable to a single self-state in flux, in transit. Healthy folks, healthy people transition through phases in life. Healthy people evolve, normal people grow and develop in a linear, predictable fashion. A leads to B, B inevitably, ineluctably leads to C. The borderline is not the same. She is more cyclical than linear. The borderline cycles between beliefs, behavioural norms, preferences, priorities, fervent wishes, plans and schemes. In this sense, she resembles, to some extent, the patients with bipolar disorder. This constant cycling, this personality in flux is exceedingly, exceedingly confusing. And so there is no stable or foreseeable core. This identity disturbance simply means that when the borderline tells you, I've had a long phase of, I don't know, casual sex and promiscuity and drunkenness and drug addiction and I don't know what. And now I'm cleaning my act up. I'm sorting out my life. I'm planning to have a stable, loving, long-term relationship. I'm planning to settle down. I'm planning to conform and to become normal like everyone else. Do not believe her, of course. She knows not what she is saying, because she is not saying anything. It's not she who is saying this. It's a self-state, highly dissociated from the other self-state, although not completely. So the borderline's sudden adherence to prudery, exclusivity, domesticity is a self-deluding sham. It's a fantasy or an experiment. The borderline used to prefer young men or young women, and now suddenly he or she prefer older men or older women. She used to prefer casual sex. Now she wants exclusive sex. She used to have pseudo-relationships, which lasted weeks or months, and now suddenly she wants something which is going to be lifelong. She was itinerant. She moved all over the globe, and now suddenly she wants to settle down in a tiny hamlet or some village or some township somewhere in the middle of nowhere. Is this likely? Such changes are unbelievable because they are not believable. They are incredible. They have no credibility. They do not reflect any external or internal reality. They are again a fantasy defense or an experiment. The borderline wants to experiment with an alternative lifestyle, with a new choice in men or women, with a new type of sex. So the borderline is a constant experiment in the making. She is unlikely to persist. There is no stability in borderline by definition. She is likely to revert to an earlier phase. Now she wants to settle down. She wants to be sexually exclusive. It's temporary. It's not going to last. She's going to revert to a promiscuous, unboundary, decompensated, and dysregulated formal sex. Now she wants to have a family and children. Worry not. She's going to divorce sooner than you can bat your eyelids. She wants to settle down in an apartment or a place, a location, a country. It's meaningless. It's utterly meaningless. It's ethereal. It's ephemeral. She's a butterfly. She's not an elephant. And she recurrently pendulates, fluctuates between several mutually exclusive self-states, which share nothing in common or little in common. Who is she? There is no, there's nobody there. It's a compendium and assemblage, a theater production. Can you rely on this for life? Of course not. Can you take anything she says for granted as a reflection of her inner mental state? Of course not. It's again a single self-state that is making these choices and decisions. Is she tired of her current lifestyle? You bet. That's why she is transitioning to another lifestyle. When she gets tired of that lifestyle too, you can bet you. You can bet you. She's going to get tired of that lifestyle too and then she's going to revert to the previous lifestyle or to a totally new lifestyle. The borderline gets easily tired of and bored with people, intimate partners, places, professions, locations, hobbies, wishes, preferences, priorities, beliefs, values, identity, disturbance. And that's why the history of the borderline is checkered, unexpected, tumultuous, bizarre, quantum lips, no logic, no rhyme, and no reason. Because it's not a single person. It's very, very close to dissociative identity disorder. Indeed, if you were to push a borderline, stress her, massively reject her, humiliate her, abandon her, if you were to do this on a permanent basis for a long time, she will devolve into a totally dissociative state. She will become someone with dissociative identity disorder, temporary, transient. And many, many borderlines display behaviors which are dysfunctional not only to themselves, but undermine the very possibility to realize ostensibly long-term decisions, life-altering decisions. Consider, for example, borderlines who are habitual cheaters. Of course, serial cheaters and habitual cheaters do not have to be borderlines. And we do not have any statistics, believe it or not, as to how many borderlines cheat habitually, how many of them betray the trust, how many of them are unfaithful, how many of them are adulterous. Strangely, bizarrely, I would say, we don't have statistics for this. Anecdotally, if you go to online forums or the literature, it seems that borderlines tend to cheat more and more often, but this is mere anecdote and speculation. Still, habitual cheaters, serial cheaters, who are also borderlines, have been studied and have been studied well. They are masters of evasion and obfuscation. And borderlines have two favorite self-justifying refrains. When you confront the borderline and ask her, why did you cheat in almost every single one of your relationships, she is likely to use two sentences. These sentences are even documented in the literature, repeatedly in multiple studies, papers, articles and books. So the first thing about borderline, habitual serial cheaters, would tell you the relationships I had cheated in, on, in and on. These relationships had been already dead when I cheated. So yes, it's true that I cheated on most of my boyfriends, on all my husbands, etc., etc., but I did this because the relationship had already died. I was actually not cheating, because there was nothing there. The thing is, of course, that relationships can be either on or off. Nothing else. Either a relationship is on or it is off, as long as a dyad, dyad, liaison, connection, relationship, as long as it is on, in a state of on, it is very much alive, it's not dead. Behaving as if the relationship were off when it is actually on, is deception and betrayal at their ugliest and most extreme. And doing it time and again is highly narcissistic and borders on psychopathy, both characteristics of borderline personality disorder. Borderlines have grandiosity and they switch to psychopathic states when they are stressed. The second sentence that a borderline is likely to use is, the relationship was sexless.  I wasn't getting what I needed, so I cheated. In the majority of cases, this is a lie. When you investigate more deeply, you discover that the relationship was not sexless, not in any sense of the word that I'm aware of, definitely not in the lexical sense, not even in the clinical sense. We define a sexless relationship as a relationship where there have been fewer than 10 sex acts in a year. So when you study the relationships of borderlines who are serial or habitual cheaters, you discover that these relationships were not sexless. The other partner, for example, may be attempting to have sex or the sex is merely unsatisfactory, but it is there. In many cases, the cheaters are the ones who undermine the sex with passive-aggressive behaviors or by rejecting the partner outright. Only in a vanishingly minuscule number of instances, known as sex aversion, is sex utterly absent from the relationship, and even then, of course, the only right thing to do is to negotiate an open relationship and, failing that, walk away. I don't wish to appear as though I'm castigating or chastising borderlines or any other mental illness. This is not a value judgment. This is a description of what we observe. This is a field diary. It's like going to the field and observing, I don't know, a tribe or a... So these are observations which are evidence-based with regards to borderline behavior. Borderlines are closely associated with recklessness, and in the case of sex and relationships, it's associated with promiscuity. But why do I say that the borderline cannot transition from promiscuity to a stable, long-term, sexually exclusive relationship? Why do I insist that she is unlikely to persist and very likely to revert to a promiscuous phase? Because there are two types of promiscuity. You know, there is this saying once promiscuous, always promiscuous. There's a saying once a cheater, always a cheater. And there is this advice, piece of advice. If you're in a relationship with a promiscuous partner, they will always cheat on you. They can't help it. It's an addiction to sexual attention. But are these statements true? If someone is promiscuous, is she likely to be always promiscuous? If someone is a cheater, is he likely to cheat again? And if someone is promiscuous, hey, used to be promiscuous, and now you're married to her or to him, are they likely to misbehave? Are they likely to cheat on you because they're addicted to sexual attention and can't help it? Well, studies are unequivocal. I refer you to also to popular books like Kerry Cohen's books and so on. But studies are pretty unambiguous, pretty clear about this. All these sentences are true. All these sentences are true. Someone who had been promiscuous in early life for a protracted period of time and promiscuity had been the dominant type of sex in their lives, sexual practice. They're likely to be promiscuous lifelong. Someone who had cheated once is three to five times more likely to cheat. If you're in a relationship with someone who had been promiscuous, she is likely to cheat on you much more than someone who had never been promiscuous. All these statements are true, according to all the studies we have.  But when the literature fails is in making the distinction between two types of promiscuity, formative promiscuity and situational promiscuity. Formative promiscuity is the learned use of sexual attention to regulate negative moods and negative effects, negative emotions. Formative promiscuity is a form of self soothing, self medication, an attempt to reassert control over a life perceived as adrift, meaningless and spiraling out of control. Formative promiscuity in some respects has the same psychodynamic that drives the narcissist's solicitation of narcissistic supply.  Exactly as the narcissists solicits narcissistic supply for precisely the same purposes. Formative promiscuity is what we call process addiction. It's a process addiction. It's an addiction to an activity not an addiction to a chemical substance. Process addictions start usually in early adolescence and they persist throughout the lifespan. It's extremely rare to read yourself to get rid of a process addiction. Your chances to get rid of a chemical dependency are much higher than your chances to get rid of a process addiction and formative promiscuity being a process addiction is extensive, is lifelong. You cannot eradicate it. It's going to erupt sooner or later even if you're married to someone you love dearly, have a family, a stable life and everything, your promiscuity will take over in the most unexpected moments. Formative promiscuity process addictions characterize all interactions with potential sex partners regardless of the promiscuous person's life circumstances at the moment. The promiscuous person can be completely utterly unmitigatedly happy, content, invested in a meaningful, primary relationships and then she will go to a bar and someone will smile at her and she will find herself in a hotel room with him. As simple as that she can't help it, she's an addict and this is the type of promiscuity of the borderline. Borderlines have process addictions. One of them is promiscuity, addiction to sexual attention. Situational promiscuity is something completely different. It's a reaction to trauma, most commonly a reaction to rejection, to neglect, to abandonment by a loved one. Situational promiscuity is limited in time. It is responsive to overcoming and processing grief and depression. It is very common for example after a difficult or unexpected divorce. In this case there's a lot of mourning, a lot of depression and difficulty to process the suddenness and abruptness of the change of the lifestyle change and so promiscuity seeps in. It appears it's situational. Once the grief had been processed the person is likely to revert to a more healthy lifestyle and more healthy sexual choices. Situational promiscuity also disappears once the circumstances change. For example when a new love interest emerges or a stable relationship is established, that's not the case with formative promiscuity. Formative promiscuity is permanent, constant, utterly regardless of what's happening in the promiscuous person's life and it is the only form of promiscuity common in borderlines. You had been warned. Now go get them.


on Monday, July 20th, 2020, everyone's like board meeting to order. To my left is Justin Lawrence, Flo Smith, John Quinn, Willis Alson was our town administrator, Dana Hadley, and our treasurer, Diane Isabel. And Angelina Capron, yes, I keep forgetting the phone. There he is, look. Additions of changes to the agenda? I have none. Public comment? Hearing none. Treasurer's report, I hear. Okay. It has comparison from the taxes from last year in the taxes of this year, if you own a $200,000 plan. So it's just, so our tax rate last year, if you had a $200,000 plan, if this is just residential, I'm talking about, you would have had a tax bill of $4,566.20. In FY 21, that same home would be a tax bill of $4,640.20, so it's a difference of $74.00 a year. With increased bar tax rate and with the school tax rate as well. I did send tax bills out on Monday, so most of everyone should receive a tax bill now. And actually, I've already had about, they started coming in on Thursday, and I've had at least 15 people so far that have come into pay their taxes for the entire year. So the money is starting to come in. And generally, I will have anywhere from 7,500 people that will pay their taxes for the entire year between July and August. So I'm hoping that that's still going to be the same. So far, so good. I've seen a lot of that. So that's very promising. And that's all I've got, everything else is in. Thank you. Great work. As for just information, I didn't see it. Maybe I just missed it. In the deli tax report, compared to this time last year, is there a higher amount that's owed or a lower amount? Lower, lower, by about $3,000 or $4,000. What happened was some of the people, they got some incentive money, and they paid their taxes like that. Good. So I am seeing that. And I'm seeing more people coming in to pay for their delinquents, which is good. Yeah, good idea. Do we know how the, any of the grievances or anything like that? Do we know what happened with our tax base? Not yet. What they did is they had a meeting with the Board of Civil Authority, that was this past week. And so what they hear, what the people have to say, then they got in committees. What I understand, I don't tend that, but what the town clerk is telling me, that they got in committees, and each committee was going to take each one of the different people, the people that was grieving here, they're going to discuss it, then they have another meeting like another week, and then they will tell what their findings are. And from that point, if the people are still want to grieve it, they can, you know, they have to bring it to court. Yep. Anything done yet? Approved voice, I'm still looking through the, yeah. Signature on paperwork, but more, what? This is the paperwork that we talked about last meeting. And this has to do with the sort commission and the extension on the interim type. And it's for $2,106,000. If we had a rate of 1.85% to begin with, and then we just went to 1.6, so that is really good. And I need, I need us like we're designed in three different places. So I read through it, this is kind of the other plate, it's just saying, basically you're going to spend the money just on the sort, you're going to pay it back, and you're, you're going to be honest about everything. So I've marked all pages that need to be signed by the select for that. And then I will sign it after. Do we have a motion on this? You have approved that at a previous meeting, yeah. But I didn't have the paperwork. Yeah. Yeah. And actually approved it in February. Yeah, yeah, goes back. Appointment of health officer data. Tom's term as health officer is expiring the end of August. And he would love to be reappointed. And so I would recommend that you do so. He is our health officer. And I second that motion. The other discussion. All those in favor? Aye. Aye. Aye. Motion carries. I'm sorry. Root paving. I received three bids. And I've given each of you a tally sheet. And I don't know, Brad, shall I just pass these out and everyone to open one? The first one is Jay Huckin's ink, I'm going to do that one. Maybe it's ST paving. It's ST paving. I think you had that one. Yeah. Instead of Huckin, it's ST paving. Sorry. So ST paving estimates 1,468 tons at 9,550 a ton. Total cost of the job, 140,194. Would you say it again, please? 1,468 tons. Total material, 9,550 per ton. Total job cost, 140,194 dollars. So pike industries, estimated number of tons of material needed for Grand Geronimo Berlin, 1,490. Cost per ton, 70, 20. Total job cost, 104,598 dollars. And I have United Construction Corp, the estimated number of tons of material, 1,507. Cost per ton, 64,65. And a total cost of the job of 122,730 dollars and 55 cents. Can you repeat that total again? The total cost of the job from United Construction Corp is 122,730 dollars and 55 cents. Did you hear that? Yes, thank you. OK. The board's pleasure on this. Gaten, did you get them all written down as we went through? Yes. Could you just go through it one more time, that where they're all just. Yep. You received three bids. Pike industries, estimated a total of 1,490 tons at $70.20 per ton. For a total job cost of 104,598 dollars. United Construction Corp estimates 1,507 tons at a cost per ton of $64.65. For a total job cost of 122,730 dollars and 55 cents. ST Paving estimates using 1,468 tons at a per ton cost of $95.50. For a total job cost of 140,194 dollars. Where's the tons on Pike again? Pike was 1,490 tons. Did the other proposals include what it would entail? This one does have a full proposal that lists traffic control, reclaim, fine grade for four-inch of pavement, install four-inch of pavement, 2.5-inch of base pavement, and 1.5-inch of top pavement as part of their total cost. And that was requested in the big step. OK. Very good. Excellent. When I look at the United Construction Corp, 1,507 tons at $64.65, is that what they said? Yes. Numbers up. That doesn't add up to $120.00. $94,000 is that number, so they may be accounted for trucking or something, I'm not sure. That's why I was wondering. It didn't sound like it was accurate to me either. And that's why I wondered if something was factored in. So that was part of why I asked that question. Thank you, Diane. There's got to be some overhead costs added in. Must be. My guess is it's the reclaiming. That's probably their price per ton to install a hot mix. Only. Say that again, please. It's Tyson with Pike. That's probably their cost per ton to install the hot mix. The $64.65. And then you probably have to add in the reclaim fine-grained for the road and traffic control and all that to get to the $122.00. So their actual cost per ton based off their total. Yeah, $80.00 something. Yeah, $81.44. OK, thank you, Tyson. Thank you. You're welcome. Thank you, guys, for letting us spend on your project. This is Tyson from Pike. OK. We were talking to. So I would just say the amount of material used by all three, I mean, they're all fairly close. Yes. Overall price, Pike is the best. Well-known, I haven't heard anything negative about them. Their price per ton, it seems like a pretty good price. And just based on the overall cost, I think that that's probably the way I think we should go. I think they're. No, they're for a short drive. So I guess I'll make a recommendation to the ward that the payment contract to Pike Industries. Second. Waiting for the discussion. All those in favor? Aye. Motion carries. Do you hear that, Tyson? I did. Thank you. OK, thanks. Thank you. Have a good evening, guys. Thank you, Tyson. OK, Dan. Next is. The mass exodus. The mass exodus. I just wanted a chance for the board to announce it in public that I have decided to partially retire and move forward. I have really enjoyed my time with the Count of Berlin. And I thank you. And I thank the residents for having me here. It's been an honor to serve them. I was very lucky to get a little part-time job that I really hated to say no to. So hence why I have to leave sooner than rather later. But again, thank you again for everything. It's been a good run. It's been a lot going on. And I'm sure it will continue. I have talked with Tom. And he and I will talk a little further as far as and probably he would want to meet with you at some point in time fairly soon to talk about some particulars. The chief, the other retirement, is the chief of police who is retiring September 6. Again, I think Bill is eligible to retire and he feels that it's time to do so. And he probably will be talking to you in person at some point as well. So I wanted to just have it public and have it out. I did put in here a suggestion for a newspaper ad for my commission as well as the job description that we have in the back. That's upgraded from when you started? It is, yes. And when will it be advertised? That's what I'm looking for you to tell me. Probably as soon as possible? Yeah, I think both of them as soon as possible. It takes a while to hire someone. Most definitely. I have spoken with Trevor Whipple at the league for his assistance in hiring for the police officer position because that's a little different from another type of job. Trevor reviewed a few things of what we can do as far as advertising at the academy, the police chief's association, and a few others. I don't believe that you would want to do a national surge, such as Montpelier did. But I will go ahead and start that rolling as well. Well, I think for the most part, anything we put out would probably be viewed in at least New England. Yeah. Trevor is very used to doing this. And he has given suggestions of where to send it. Quite a few places to send it. And I guess it doesn't hurt to use them all and see what happens. Where are we at with the road to advertising? That has been advertised. We may have to re-advertise it because we haven't gotten any responses to it. And then the deadline for the response? I didn't have a deadline. Maybe I'm always on the fence whether a deadline helps or doesn't help. I usually put open until filled. However, it's still open because it's not filled when there's no one. Maybe I can add a deadline whether that would help. I don't know. That's gone into it's on the league website. It's also on Vermont roads through the B-Train program. Yeah, Vermont local roads. That's good. And it has been in the newspaper and it's on the website. The end is putting that on like, what's an internet ice book as job searchers? You mean job searcher, ideal jobs, or jobs indeed, or whatever it is? Monks do that kind of stuff. Yeah, I think Vermont Department of Labor has a job site as well that has thousands of jobs on it, but it might be a good spot. I think there's a cheat.com. Any of those get picked up by Indeed because of the way it searches as long as it's on. So if we were to put it on Vermont Department of Labor, we wouldn't need to put it on Indeed. You're thinking that it would get picked up? They would pull it over. You mean also that subject, Dana? No. OK, approval of the select board minutes from 7-6-2020. Move to approve the select board minutes from 7-6-20. Five seconds of motion. And then the discussion. All those in favor? Aye. Aye. Aye. Motion carries. Town Ministers report, Dana. Yes, I have just a few things to talk to you about. I did receive an email from Tim Bingham, who is a gentleman that lives on the corner. And he's asking if the board is thinking about requiring masks to be worn in Berlin. And I've just gotten this. So I'll send that to you. He expresses his concerns about that. So I'll make you aware of that. The unhappy news is that we heard from the contractor for the sewer project. And he has informed us that the culvert under Fisher Road is shot. And if you'd like to start passing those around. We've had this conversation before, and I was told that it wasn't shot. But those pitches do show it as being in very poor shape. Unbound? Yeah, same thing that's happening to Richeson Road. I almost think it's in worse shape than Richeson Road at the minute. And I think that you're really going to have to think about having it fixed. This is a good time, while the contractor's there for the sewer to do it. I don't have a cost estimate yet. But Merrill Lake culvert costs us $100,000. And this is a major culvert. How many water lines run by that? Or sewer lines? Yeah. There's only one that I know of presently, but there'll be two when they finish. And I may not have that straight, but I could find that out. But I know of the one that we've had problems with. And then the sewers being re-rooted. So whether that's going to be incorporated and the other one's going to be eliminated, or this will be an additional one that I don't know. Well, I'm curious, Dean. How did somebody say this culvert was all right? That's a very good question. And I don't see how they could. And how long ago did they say it was all right? Well, when the former superintendent was here, I think that we had that discussion. And it was not brought to anyone's attention when we had all that work done on Fisher Road when we had the sinkhole. No one ever mentioned it. I would have thought it would have been noticed at that time. But no one mentioned that. It was the way it was. How long is it? I would guess it's 40 feet, maybe, Brent? Well, more than 50 feet. I was thinking the Mirror Lake wouldn't cost so much because of the drinking water. I think part of it was the fact of where it was, yes. Also, the size of the one they put in replaced the old one. You could get the Queen Mary through there. I mean, on a boat. Yeah, I think so. It's huge. This, though, I don't think a slip line would work in there, Brad, do you? It's too far gone. I think it's getting to the point where the roads were starting pushing the bottom together and collapsing. I'm surprised it hasn't flattened. You wouldn't get a two for price? So I thought I would speak to Tom and have him come up with a solution that may be while they're doing the sewer line and they're going to be interrupting the road anyway. Why not do it at the same time? We still need to put it out of the bed, though, right? Well, I don't know if they're doing the sewer line. I mean, you're not gonna get the people doing the sewer wanting somebody, another contractor in there at the same time, it is. I understand that. But, so I think it would probably be down just to the extra labor and the cost of the cold road itself. Because they'll have the road torn up already? Right. They'll be gutted anyway. So there's no better time to do it. Yeah, right. Because if they finish the sewer line, they're gonna repave, they're gonna rip it up again to, there's no point in that. So do they have to disturb that at all in this process? Probably not, right? They were worried they were gonna finish it off by digging near it or around it. Well, I don't know. I don't think the plan is to disturb it at all, however. It's in pretty tough shape. They got excavators there, they got everything, there's no mobilization. I think you have some economies of scale by being able to, I mean, usually you would put something like that to bid. I mean. In this case, I think you'd probably be better off if you didn't. And time isn't the essence, really. And time. Well, you talk to the contractor and see what the price would be. I will have, I'll have Tom report that to you. He will be at your next meeting. He will report that to you. Not Wednesday, but two weeks. That's all I had to bring to your attention. Happy new year. How are you doing? Oh, I did have one more thing. And we are working on, Tim will be in at the next meeting to talk to you further about the grader and. Got it? That's it. Well, thank you. You don't think too sincere about that? That's wrong with the grader. Nothing, it's beautiful, beautiful shape. Okay. Just these tires, new skins. Only on the front seat here. The approval of licensing permit to vouchers. Yes. We have general fund accounts payable warrant number 21G01 with checks 2347 to 2398 in the amount of $53,571.62. Payroll warrant 21-02 for payroll from July 5th, 2020 to July 18th, 2020, paid on July 22nd of this year in the amount of $47,414.86. Also reconciled bank statements for June general fund sewer commission and water division, June journal entries and tax admin entry, and June trial balance report, budget status report and delinquent tax report. Any further discussion? Hearing none, those in favor? Aye. Aye. Motion carries. Round table, Justin. Yeah. So I was looking at some of our older town policy stuff and we had had a discussion about the bridge on Darling Road for the trail there. And it looks, that's still a class four trail. And it looks like the town, the select board, still if we wanted to, could ask them to give a certain width. So it looks like the select board saw his direction over that, I'm just curious. And then I think, I don't know when we're gonna discuss, we've got obviously a lot of changes coming up. And so I feel like we, I don't think our strategy would be moving forward in the interim. That's all. I'm gonna get some input on those. So along the same lines of what Justin said, first I wanted to thank Dean up for his service and we all really appreciate it. And going forward and knowing that you just have a short while, if there's anything you need help with or anything that we can do, please let us know tonight because we'll be glad to chip in any way, shape or form to make it easier for you as you transition. And we wish you the absolute best. But I also am all for any discussion tonight in terms of how we go forward because you're gonna have very big shoes to fill and we need to do a good job going forward. I also will be available if you need me for anything. I'm just a phone call away. Matter of fact, we're not moving right away. We're getting a new kitchen put in our house.  That's it. Thank you very much. John, nothing additional tonight. Angelina. Carrie. Is there any discussion? I would like a very short executive session on the personnel. Move to enter executive session for personnel matter. I second the motion.


Columbia, Houston, with some inspirational music for your musculoskeletal experiments today. Good morning. This is Mission Control, Houston, a crew of Space Shuttle Columbia being awakened to the tunes of George Thurgood and the Destroyers in a song called Bad to the Bone, spacecraft communicator Kay Hire indicating to the crew that that tune is in honor of their work with musculoskeletal research. In particular, one of the experiments on board STF is 78, this flight is the direct measurement of initial bone response to space flight investigation. Scientists are hoping to discover countermeasures for this detrimental effect of space flight and research into the loss of bone mass on orbit could also lead to treatments for the debilitating effects of the disease osteoporosis on Earth. Throughout the night, experiments have continued to work in the space lab module while the crew slept. Included among those experiments is the bubble drop and particle unit, which we're seeing some downlink video from right now. This is a fundamental science research into theories of nucleation and boiling as a function of temperature and pressure and the long-term possibility of developing cooling mechanisms for electronic applications, possibly even for spacecraft applications is the end result that's hoped for from these experiments. No, Bobby, it looks great on TV now and it's TVD configuration. Okay. This is space lab mission operations control. We are continuing to receive live downlink from the shuttle Columbia and in particular the space lab module in the orbiters cargo bay and we see preparations continuing. Payload commander Susan Helms assisting mission specialist Rick Lenahan and to getting into the torque velocity dynamometer for his series of tests this afternoon. But also in this live downlink view we can see payload specialist Jean-Jacques Favier in the striped shirt and payload specialist Bob Thursk in the foreground here just performing last minute activities prior to their lunch period. Again, this view is live downlink from the shuttle Columbia and the life and microgravity space lab. At a mission elapsed time of two days, three hours and nine minutes, this is space lab mission operations control.


So, welcome to this 19th session of discussion. And here we shall now take further that R C circuit go the other way. So, we found the unit impulse response of that R C circuit by using its unit step response. This I wish now to put down as a general principle convenient in many situations. You can clearly appreciate that very often it is very difficult to understand what it means to apply a unit impulse to a system. Of course, one can give it interpretations. Let us give it that interpretation. Now, I had hinted at the interpretation in some qualitative discussion towards the end of the previous session that we had, but now let us complete it by giving it a quantitative interpretation. Quantitative interpretation of unit impulse response of the R C circuit. Now, you know what is the unit impulse there? So, you have this R C circuit back again. You applied a very narrow pulse going to an impulse here and it is a voltage pulse remember. Now, the voltage pulse cannot appear across the capacity cannot appear here. Why a capacitor refuses sudden voltage jumps? You know one way to understand this unit impulse is to think of it as a jerk.  So, when you are pumping in a voltage pulse it is as if that voltage lasted for a very short time on some elements of the circuit and created whatever consequences it could. And of course, in the resistive capacitive circuit that sudden jump of voltage could not appear across the capacitor. So, it has to go to the resistance to meet Kirchhoff's voltage law. So, you see let me draw the situation that will make it more clear. So, the unit impulse started from a very narrow pulse as usual. There we go again a delta with a 1 by delta height and this was applied. Now, this sudden change these jumps cannot go to the capacitor. So, they go to the resistance. That means what appears across the resistance is that same pulse going towards an impulse. So, resistor voltage, resistor sustains this whole thing remember there is a 1 sitting there 1 by delta sitting here and with a width of delta this is the voltage sustained across the resistance. And therefore, we need now to find the current in the resistance. Resistor current is the same voltage but divide by r. So, 1 by delta multiplied by 1 by r sustained over a width of delta. And the resistor current is equal to the capacitor current. This is also equal to the capacitor current. Therefore, and now we can integrate the capacitor current. Integrating it gives you the capacitor charge. So, the conclusion is that the capacitor charge is essentially the area captured here 1 by delta into delta divided by r. And therefore, the capacitor voltage jumps to 1 by delta times delta into 1 by r divided by the capacitance at the point of the impulse. And as you can see this expression is essentially 1 by tau. So, now we know what happened. You see there was a charge suddenly pumped into the capacitance. So, it caused the voltage to jump. That charge was equal to 1 by r go back here that you can see that the charge is 1 by r irrespective of delta even as delta tends to 0. The voltage is therefore, 1 by r c that is 1 by tau. And that voltage you know now when you have a voltage put across the capacitance. And when the input has now gone to 0 voltage, obviously that capacitor has to discharge through the resistance. And how will it discharge the resistance exponentially? That is why you get the e raised to the power minus p by tau. So, what we are saying essentially is, essentially capacitor discharges now after charge pump. There was a charge pump at the point where the impulse occurred and the charge pump caused the voltage of 1 by tau and then there is a discharge, an exponential discharge with a time constant of 1 by time constant of tau. So, essentially 1 by tau e raised to the power minus t by tau ut that gives us a physical interpretation of this unit impulse response that we saw. So, what I am trying to illustrate here is that this is the practical way in which we can often calculate unit impulse responses. This also helps us interpret unit impulse responses physically by taking an example of this R C circuit. Now, I am going to leave one exercise for all of you to do. That is remember we had taken two analogous systems, a mechanical system and an electrical system which essentially had the same abstraction.  Now, the exercise for you is to put down instead of the R C circuit the abstraction. That means, use the abstract system description relating y 3 and x t and then put down this impulse response in the light of that abstraction and transfer it to the mechanical system and make the same kind of interpretation that I have done for the electrical system. In other words, like I have analyzed the electrical system given a full interpretation to its unit impulse response, unit step response, do the same thing for the mechanical system and then build an abstraction for an impulse response of a system of this kind. If you do this exercise faithfully, it will give you a lot of insights into the whole idea of a step response and impulse response, the relation between a step response and impulse response, the interpretation of an impulse response and the meaning of an impulse response in specific contexts. I encourage you to do this. I would like to spend a few seconds in emphasizing this because it is very often a stumbling block for students on this subject to interpret impulse response. What does the impulse response really mean? What physical interpretation does it have? It is all very well to write things down algebraically and formally. It is a different thing to interpret them in a manner that we can relate to the real world and that is something that we want to do all the time as much as we can in this course. We should not forget that signals and systems is all about abstraction for the purpose of understanding reality and the impulse response is for the linear shift invariant system is a very central idea in signals and systems and I strongly encourage you to understand this idea by taking other such examples of systems interpreting the impulse response and coming to conclusions. Now, what is also true is that the converse would be applicable. Namely, if I took a running integral of the impulse response, I should get the step response. That is the second exercise that I would leave for you to work out here. Calculate the running integral of this unit impulse response and verify that it is indeed the step response that we had earlier. We stop this discussion here and in the next discussion that we are going to have, we are going to use the simple response in many other creative ways to come to some conclusions about other qualities of a linear shift invariant system. But before that, we are going to take a little detail. Namely, we are going to build also another class of systems namely discrete systems and more in the next session. Thank you.


Yeah, thank you. And also thank all of you for staying that long. It's almost over, just me. So my name is Christian. I do cloudy things at BWI, GmbH. This is the IT supplier for the German Armed Forces. You can ask me offstage what we do. But today I'm here to give you an impulse about maybe considering doing REST or using REST for your next operator implementation whenever you do implement an operator. So I use LinkerD as service mesh as the example here. So what does LinkerD do? It's a service mesh. It's been around for eight years by now, I think, or eight plus years. It does transparent MTLS for your workloads. It has policy, so you can use it to actually safeguard your services amongst each other. You get observability out of it, reliability features, retries, GFPC load balancing, all these kind of things. LinkerD follows three design principles that are interesting here. The first one is keep it simple, so you don't want to have that much of a cognitive overhead here. It's good, but not crucial for what we want to talk about. Then you have the minimized resource requirements. Since LinkerD is using the sidecar model, that's natural. You want them to be very, very efficient and have less overhead. And the third one is it just works. So you want that to be everywhere, essentially, and you also want it to just work all the time. And that brings us to how the architecture look like. So it's a very traditional architecture for that sort of thing, so you have the control plane, and you have sidecar proxies. There's this debate about sidecar proxies versus centralized ones. That's not what this is about. They just use it. So the question was, how do you implement a control plane? Traditionally, you do that with Golang. Naturally, you want to use Kubernetes Client Go, and that's awesome. It's a very mature language. It's a great ecosystem. Lots of support. Nothing wrong with that. The LinkerD team for the sidecars a while ago made a bit of a bold move because it was early on in the Rust language and decided to go with Rust for the sidecars. So they are all implemented in Rust. That systems programming language that, essentially, is very low level, but it also introduces a lot of safety features.  At least the language helps you a bit more to avoid them, if you can, because what becomes apparent if you look at the history of LinkerD and also the control plane, and also recently I just checked in with the team on GitHub and basically took a look of what the recent issues were that you would experience. And these are four recent issues in the policy controller would result in, no, not the policy controller because that's implemented in Rust, but the, actually, destination controller, which would actually result from these runtime issues that are a bit hard to catch, like concurrency, race conditions, uninitialized variables, these kind of things. So when implementing the policy controller, the LinkerD team thought about, what could we do about this potentially? Would it be possible to implement that in Rust, maybe? Is that a good idea at all? Because we could avoid these things, and like with a policy controller or basically any control plane, maybe you want to really keep it up. There's not so much of an issue in data centers or even a full-face closed environments where you can just restart things, and it's not that much of an issue. But if you're in more edge environments or something like that, you might want this to just keep running if possible. So two examples to make it a bit more graspable. I hope this is readable, actually. I think it's a bit small. I'm sorry.  So there is no error program accepted, but it actually creates an error. In Rust, you can write the same, but you get a warning. So you can ignore the warning, but that's on you then. So Rust tells you, well, this code will fail. And of course, this also works in more complex scenarios. Secondly, here we have an example where there's an uninitialized variable. It's just not initialized, and we're trying to access this. This compiles fine in Golang, but it creates a runtime error. And well, that's not good. And in complex code bases, it might be hard to capture that. Whereas in Rust, the same example creates a runtime compiler error, actually. So it won't compile at that point, which helps you to prevent these situations. There's more examples. There's also a nice talk from Oliver Gould, the CTO from Boyant, the greatest of LinkaD. Like from two years ago, where it goes through more of these details, but due to the time here, this is the two I have. So just to give you an idea of what you could save. Now, the question is, what's all the plumbing that is now available in Golang, like all the operator frameworks, all the nice libraries and that, and how to do that in Rust? Well, there is QPRS, which is essentially the Kubernetes client goal for Rust. So that's covered. Then, actually, Oliver implemented QBird, or I did a lot of work on QBird, which is the Kubernetes operator framework for Rust. And recently, there's also a Prometheus create, create being the library format for Rust that allows you to also add those metrics in a nice way to your Rust operator. So there is now really a good ecosystem. And there has been many implementations, I think like 25 operators in Rust by now. So if you're in an environment where that is interesting to you, or you just want to try it, these three projects are highly recommended. And also on that conference, if you want to do a more in-depth deep dive on that topic, there's two talks, one by Matej and one by Flynn. Flynn, I'm sorry, I messed up your QR code. So you have to look that up for yourself. The Rust solution, how Rust is the future of cloud native that even goes a bit further into thinking whether Rust might be something to use on other projects as well. And with that, I'd like to thank you and wish you to have a very great KubeCon and a good evening. Thanks.