Welcome to NTI Nightly. I am Janelle Norvell. This edition stops stories. Prime Minister the Honourable Philip J. Pierre delivers his maiden address to the UN, calling for better financing terms for SIDS. Tourism Minister Honourable Dr Ernest Hiller assures a more inclusive sector on this World of Tourism Day. And the education sector benefits from program design to increase digital literacy. Prime Minister Honourable Philip J. Pierre in a bold address to the 76 United Nations General Assembly on Saturday 25 September 2021, called for the abolition of the criteria used to determine access to concessional development financing by small island developing states, SIDS. Saint Lucia's Prime Minister told the UN General Assembly that the indicators paint an erroneous picture of national prosperity. Mr President, Saint Lucia is calling for the adoption of a global vulnerability index by international institutions. This index should include variables such as vulnerability to adverse weather systems and natural disasters, historical disadvantages, arising out of plunder, colonization and exploitation, and the vagaries of the economic activities which the states depend on for survival. Such a global vulnerability index would ensure that access to concessional development financing is granted based on the criteria that consider the true context of our fragile economies which are constantly on the threat of regression due to natural, man-made or political disasters. Saint Lucia also calls for immediate measures to safeguard the solvency of SIDS which have disproportionately affected during the pandemic. These measures must include debt restructuring and write-offs, support to strengthen health systems, more equitable distribution and access to vaccines, and assistance for recovery that meets the demands of the developmental model adopted in the beneficiary country. Honourable Pierre urged the international community to adopt common approaches to managing COVID-19 in order to ensure economic sustainability. We call for the standardization of vaccine privileges across the global community as it relates to quarantine, isolation and other related requirements. Saint Lucia, like many other countries, is grappling with a decline in investment trade remittances and a growing debt burden. There is an urgent need to accelerate global momentum towards the ambitious targets across various international agreements and developmental agendas. A common thread across these instruments is the need to address the unique vulnerabilities and special circumstances of SIDS. Saint Lucia and all SIDS continue to face huge spending needs to finance the immediate health responses that are well beyond our capacities. Such a shift in focus will reverse achievements in sustainable development goals, implementation and in building climate resilience. Prime Minister Honourable Philip J. Pierre The recovery of Saint Lucia's tourism industry from the impacts of COVID-19 is showing positive signs. Minister for Tourism Honourable Dr Ernest Helaise says the trend has been strong as the Ministry of Tourism oversees the safe reopening of the sector. In a message commemorating World Tourism Day, Honourable Helaise noted that the theme for this year's observance, Tourism for Inclusive Growth, is in keeping with the thrust of the government. With the reopening of the industry and further development in the COVID-19 era, we must address the distribution of wealth to all the actors within the tourism value chain to increase employment opportunities and reduce poverty. It is the efforts of my government to ensure that as part of employment opportunities, Saint Lucia's become owners and operators of more tourism businesses with a focus on developing strong linkages with agriculture, the youth economy and the digital age. Already many of us depend on tourism from our travel agents to airport staff, taxi drivers, tour companies, hotel workers, vendors and artists, villa rental owners, both operators and water spot operators, beach and market vendors, entertainers, craftspers and duty free shops just to name a few. 15,000 Saint Lucians are employed in the tourism industry. The tourism minister says the island can see major gains as the global prediction for the tourism industry is the return of the 62 million jobs if the vaccine uptake maintains space and travel restrictions are lifted. Saint Lucia has made great progress in the reopening of the industry and to date approximately 8,500 workers have been re-employed. A total of 290 vocation rental properties have been certified and experiencing higher bookings. 35 hotels have reopened their doors and reporting satisfactory occupancy rates. Over 20 car rental companies and over 1,500 taxi drivers have returned to work. The cruise sector has reopened, albeit at low volumes. Since the relaxation of travel protocols of vaccinated persons, the destination has recorded a total of 110,116 days over arrivals to date, achieving almost 54% of pre-COVID-19 figures for the second quarter, as well as exceeding predictions by 11% for the overall targets as part of the recovery. Sustaining a responsible reopening, Honourable Dr Ernest Hillers says requires a national commitment by all Saint Lucians to adhere to the protocols, build vaccine confidence with strong uptake and focus on taking advantage of opportunities for growth. Saint Lucia's education sector has received timely support from a United States-funded initiative that seeks to increase digital literacy and position the nation's students for opportunities in the youth economy. Here's Honourable Dr Mark with the details. The Saint Lucia ConnectEd program seeks to amplify the strengths and skills of youth in Saint Lucia by providing opportunities in digital education from which to learn and practice leadership and life skills from self-determined pathways. The Saint Lucia ConnectEd program will work towards building resilience and improving quality of education and learning in Saint Lucia by equipping Saint Lucia youth and educators with digital literacy skills to transform them into digital literacy leaders in their communities. The skills to be developed will include computer skills, software skills, as well as the use of technology in everyday life. As part of the program, teachers will adopt a positive youth development approaches to teaching that please emphasis on critical life skills. Minister for Education, Sustainable Development, Innovation, Science, Technology and Vocational Training Honourable Sean Edward assured that adequate resources will be allocated to the development of the education sector. It is an imperative for every child in the school system to have a smart device and the role of technology in education delivery is well documented and has been established. It is no longer a luxury item but it is a critical instructional aid, it is a repository of information and even in the home setting after you have given a device to a child and the child takes that device home, more often than not, such a device is what keeps the family in Saint Lucia connected to relatives, in some cases mothers and grandparents in a diaspora. U.S. Ambassador to Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean, her Excellency Linda Taglia-Lotella said the United States of America is committed to improving the lives and experiences of Caribbean youth. The Saint Lucia ConnectEd initiative demonstrates our continued commitment to the education sector. The partnership with the Saint Lucia Ministry of Education created with the Sir Arthur Lewis Community College, the Saint Lucia Chamber of Commerce, the Saint Lucia National Youth Council and the United States based Tuskegee University will greatly enhance opportunities for youth and teachers on digital literacy, as well as promote the activities sustainability. To this end, I applaud, excuse me, I applaud representatives of the Ministry of Education for dedicating resources to support this initiative. I also commend teachers for your commitment and support, which is essential to propel youth along a path of success. The Ministry of Education in collaboration with strategic partners will provide training, digital skills, internships and volunteer opportunities for the holistic development of young people and empowerment of youth as leaders from the Government Information Service. Meanwhile, the early childhood services unit is reflecting on the reopening of the sector as they continue to maintain standards and the labor fears of parents who are still skeptical to send their children to school. More from Daniel Dubois. Despite the closure of learning institutions due to the surge of COVID-19 cases, there is still one population of young learners who have been fortunate to return to the classroom amidst the pandemic. This is all due to the concerted efforts of the early childhood services unit, administrators and stakeholders. Close to the one-month marker of a successful reopening of the early childhood centers island-wide, training officer at the early childhood services unit, Ruth Philip-Favier, reflects and says that the move to open early childhood centers was a thorough collaborative process, including several governmental agencies such as the Saint Lucia Bureau of Standards, Environmental Health and the Early Childhood Services Unit, working to ensure the safety of children, staff and administrators. We had to work with the Bureau first to develop those protocols. When the protocols were established, we had to share it with our key stakeholders, so we had to have virtual meetings to get the input from the sector, what they felt. Prior to opening, each center had to develop and complete what we called a COVID-19 response plan, where they laid out quite clearly what the guidelines would be for their specific center in relation to what I would refer to as the national protocol set by the department. After that, they were inspected by the Department of Environmental Health, and if the officers found that everything was in line to the standards, then they were granted approval. The age grouping of both two five is a critical time in the development of children, and all must be done to ensure that they remain engaged and active. Administrator of the Precious Jewels Early Childhood Development Center, Donna Seiziz, added that early childhood centers provide so much more than just learning. It's a space for holistic development for young ones, which includes socialization, expression and play. This is where it all begins. The foundation is set between those ages, and I think it was very critical for them to be at the center during this time for face-to-face interaction. In opposed to being at home, one of the things we realized was when they came back, the behavior, it was totally different. They had forgotten the routine and the structure, and it was very difficult for the teachers to go through. They had to start over basically to get the children back into routine. Some favorable factors also came into play when it came to considering the reopening of early childhood centers this September. The numbers on site are a lot smaller, therefore spaces are a lot easier to control. Research and science shows that the transmission and mortality rate of this age grouping is extremely low.  Philip's favorite also mentions that children are eager to learn and extremely responsive to the new rules. They're open now when everybody else is closed because, as I said, it's based on the protocols we have in place, and we are dealing with a cohort that is, in a sense, easier to manage. Our children aim to please. They do not try to be overly disruptive. They do not try to display attitudes of defiance. These young children always want to please their adults in their setting. So as long as the practitioners model the behaviors, we feel very confident that children will also model those behaviors. And the spin-off of that is they too will remind the parents of those protocols and ensure that the parents do likewise. 131 early childhood centers are open today and continue to be one shining example of working through the pandemic and also a chance for children to be back at play. From the communications unit of the Ministry of Education, Sustainable Development, Innovation, Science, Technology and Vocational Training, I am Daniel Dubois reporting. This is India Nightly. Primers Hutchinson is up next. Stay with us. According to a study published in the American Journal of Psychiatry in 2018, Compared with the general population, individuals with alcohol dependence and persons who use drugs have a 10 to 14 times greater risk of death by suicide. Alcohol alone was found to be involved in approximately 22% of deaths by suicide. Drug use does not solve problems. It creates them.  All we need to do is act. Ask if someone is thinking about suicide. Let them know you care. Help them find assistance or treatment as soon as possible. Call 203 if you or loved one is having suicidal thoughts. This is a message from the Employer Assistance Program, the Ministry of Public Service. Welcome back. We join Primers Hutchinson for the NTN Nouvelle Aquial. Thank you so much, General. Thank you, Madam Department of Universities for informing us about this government. This is GIS, the National Television of NTN. Thank you, Prime Minister Hutchinson. The Association for Protection of Ecosystems in this area is very appreciative for the help of the legislation that the government passed recently to encourage the protection of ecosystems and also to regulate the operation of the non-business in this area. Last week, we had a great organization. It was Mr. Hubert James, who was the president of the Public Relations Office. It was a public relationship. Mr. Marius Modus, the NTN Institute, was able to defraud the organization, but most importantly, he was able to talk to his salary officer who was able to assist the organization with the operation of the non-business. Mr. Modus, after 24 years of working for the non-business, he was able to participate in the non-business, even if he didn't have a salary organization. But all the consumers were able to participate in the non-business. 24 years of working for the non-business. So, in fact, it was a place for us to do, to help these people, to help those who need it, and to help them with the non-business. Mr. Modus, I would like to note that we are in the department that is able to do everything we can to help these people. And yet, I always say, if you help these people, you should help them here. Modus, I would like to add that it is necessary to have a discussion on the legislation. The consumers are able to participate in the non-business, and examine the way in which the non-business works. The non-business needs to be able to do everything that is possible in the non-business, so that they can help the people who need it. And we also need to have a discussion on how to help the people who need it. The non-business needs to be able to do everything. There are several women, the cultivators, who are working in the non-business sector, with the government, with the distribution, to participate in the other session on how to help farmers in the non-business sector. It was to learn a way to help the people who need it. It was done in collaboration with the Agricultural Department with the Technical Department, and Taiwan. These farmers were also well-known. And then, we set up a new team. It was the Rapid Team, the Red and Red Team, and the Red and Red Team. And this is a continuation for the farmers who are involved in this project, to try to help the people who need it. I am a specialist in the field of production. The technical mission is to make sure that there are no more problems with production. This is a situation where we have to work to address this. And also, every time the plants are damaged, they are not treated. We have to assist the farmers to work on the climate change. We have a lot of people who are working in the field. We have a lot of people who are working in the field. We have to make sure that there are good conditions for them to be able to produce. We also have to do the work because the farmers are exposed to the cold. This is a technical mission in Taiwan which encourages the farmers to be innovative, to serve good technology to achieve good quality for the poor. At the same time, we have to cooperate with Taiwan to support the education program that started in 2007. We have to work on the climate change in Taiwan to help the farmers to work on the climate change. We have to work on the climate change in Taiwan. We have to work on the climate change in Taiwan. We have to work with Taiwan and Ocete and Lebanon. We have to work with the launching of this team. We have to work together to support this message. We have to look at the design of a climate change I would like to recommend to the women of Kosovo to come to the court and to the law that has been passed to Kosovo and not only to the state to make a public statement, but also to pay good attention to the local government and to the public health. I would like to call Kosovo to work and to the Office of Social Transformation to be able to work and to the Office of Youth. For the Office of Social Transformation to be able to act creators, I would like to hand over to our a transfer you are so partisan politics because it's not me who develop a young plan and push us to adjust the bone volaté pour assister établis diverses pour je cheveux c'est la mario boys promet pour buy born service pour séparé cela et pour développer un païs pour tout c'est pas plat et c'est quoi ça notre bout nouvela mais c'est autant mais c'est madame qu'à garder mon carboire invitation pour je vais m'occuper c'est d'écocephé la vie d'un poste de la lote nouvelle accueil appréciez à ce qu'a vu le poste de jeanelle that brings us to the end of entier nightly join us next time at 7 p.m. with a repeat at 7 a.m. you can also catch up with us any time on the Saint Lucia government facebook page or youtube channel I am jeanelle novel messier pill primers we now take a look at the weather


Hey, this is Brett, and this 2022 Ram 2500 Crew Cab Long Box Laramie Level B Night Edition is stock number 14282Z. I am here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, you're new and used heavy duty truck headquarters. This 2022 Ram 2500 has a 6.7 liter Cummins diesel engine. It's paired up with the 6-speed 68 RFE automatic transmission. This truck has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop, has a fresh oil and filter change while the fluids have been checked and topped off, and this truck is 100% ready to go. This one has a max tow capacity of 18,146 pounds and has a max payload of 1,768 pounds. On those numbers on Ram's tow guide website, I will link that in the description below. Several cool features on this truck that kind of differentiate it from the rest is that this one has the 50 gallon fuel tank. It also has the rear auto-leveling air suspension. I'm going to go all the way around in this video, inside underneath, start it up, take a look under the hood, show you all the options, give you the most accurate representation that I can of the vehicle. In this video, bright white clear coats of color, I show all my videos in 4K. If you like the video, subscribe to the YouTube channel, click the bell notifications, and updates in the videos I do each and every day. Stay current on our ever-changing and vast inventory here at Summit Automotive. This one comes with the 20-inch painted black alloy wheels, part of that night edition. It has Firestone Transforce AT tires, these are LT28560R20s. I would say that they have probably about 80 to 90% of the tread left on them. Frame and underbody is extremely clean on this truck. This is a one-owner, clean title history, clean car facts out of Washington state. Front fender is in excellent shape, does have the LED headlamps, running lights, and fog lights. I'm going to turn all those on at the end of the video so you can see just how bright they are. Front bumper is in pretty nice condition, didn't see any major dents on there. You get the front bumper parking sensors, the gloss black grille, and the hood is in excellent condition as well. I didn't see any major dents or dings on there. Passenger side front fender, excellent shape as well, no dents or dings on there. And the passenger side front wheel, no major scuffs or scrapes. All the Laramie packages come with the nice fender flares on them. And as you go down this side of this 2022 Ram 2500, take note of how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror like that paint is. I take these HD videos so if you're far away or even if you're close by and you just cannot make the trip down, but you're still interested in purchasing the vehicle, you can see the truck, hear the truck, and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here. So when you do get here, there's absolutely no surprises and you can make a smart and informed buying decision from wherever you're at. Now if this video helps you make that buying decision, let your salesman know that you saw the video, that it was helpful, and that brought sense to you. Very clean on that side, back wheel is in excellent shape as well, and the back tires have just as much tread as the front tires. Once again, frame and underbody back here looks really good. It does have the rear auto leveling suspension. Hard to see from this side, I'll show you on the other side. Has all the remaining factory exhaust, so it hasn't been altered in any way, and you can see just how clean that underbody is like new under here. Lower rockers and cab corners look great, and you get the really nice gloss black factory step bars. Didn't see any dents or dings down the box side here, looks really good. You get the LED tail lamps as well. Rear bumpers in great shape, no major dents or dings on there, and it does have the full towing package, which includes a receiver hitch, four pin and seven pin wiring. This is to hook up an auxiliary camera to a trailer, and your tailgate is in excellent condition as well. Note that you get the blacked out 4x4 RAM and Laramine logos, all part of that night edition. It does have the power drop down tailgate, shock down assist, so it's never going to slam on you. Spray in bed liner. This one does have 115 volt, 400 watt plug-in back here, and some nice side box tie-downs. That bed liner goes onto the tailgate. And like I said, you can see the rear air suspension a little bit better on this side. So that thing right there is your rear airbag. So there's actually levers on the side of the truck here. If you look right there, there's a lever right here. Get a heavy load that pushes up, tells those airbags to pump up so you can level out your suspension. That's a really nice option on this truck. Like I said, it also has a 50 gallon extended fuel tank, so that's a really nice feature as well. Driver's side box is in excellent condition as well. And the back wheel for full disclosure, no scuffs or scrapes on there, just as nice as the rest. Down the driver's side cab and doors all look really good. This one has the heated fold-up till mirrors, built-in directional signals, LED side lights. They fold up like so, and in like that. Take a quick look at the back seats. They are in excellent condition, no rips, no tears back here. You get the suede and leather. These back seats are heated on the outboard side. You get the gray piping on there, very nice and clean. Latch child safety system has the nice load floor, which is nice, you got muddy boots or tools. Put them on there, you're not gonna get your seats dirty. Or if you got pets, put both sides down. They got a nice flat place to lay, and they won't get your seats dirty. Get a receiver hitch reducer back here. In floor storage with removable bins for easy cleaning. You can put ice and drinks in there.  Or if you're not from Wisconsin, just extra storage space. Over here are your heated seat buttons, two USBs and 115 volt 400 watt plug-in.  Child safety locks on the back doors and the inside and bottoms of the doors all look fantastic. Very clean truck. Here is the VIN sticker. No previously owned in Canadian and Canada trucks here. No Canadian vehicles. Tire and loading information sticker. Inside, the Laramie level B package gives you the black leather and suede seats. This one has the 40, 20, 40 split bench seating. No rips, no tears, smells very clean inside this truck. I don't think it's ever been smoked in. You get the Laramie stitched into the backrest. Those seats are in fantastic shape. You get the Berber floor mats up here as well. Auto headlamps, power pedals, power windows locks, some mirrors. These mirrors do power fold in. I was like showing both sides. So you know that both sides are working properly. And then you get the power blind spot mirror. So if you check out that outside mirror, you can see that you can control that from inside the truck, which is really great, especially for the passenger side to be able to adjust that mirror. Memory driver seat will hop inside. Check out the miles radio and everything that this one has to offer on the interior. You get these seven inch LCD display, digital speedometer compass display. This one has 10,576 miles instrument cluster is very nice and clean. Comes with the heated leather wrap steering wheel. This one also has adaptive cruise controls, regular cruise controls, gear selector, or yeah, gear selector, Bluetooth and information center controls on the left, audio controls on the back of the steering wheel. There's your shifter for that six speed, 68 RFE automatic transmission. So it has the 8.4 5C radio. Does have the factory navigation system right there. There's highway 41, so that is working nicely. The 5C radio is supposed to be five times faster than the old radio, as far as like switching naps and everything.  You get all your different apps on here. And as everybody asked me in these videos, I believe this one has Android Auto, Apple CarPlay and they all are wireless capabilities. So you get all your different apps here, including your off-road pages, your backup cam. You can zoom in on that receiver hitch to get hooked up to your boat camper trailer the first time every time. And then you get the off-road pages, which I'll show you in just a second. And then those other apps there. Here are the off-road pages. So as I turn that steering wheel, you can see that those degrees change. Also the tires turn up there if you look really close. And then you get latitude, longitude, altitude as well. All your different accessory gauges and your pitch and roll, which is a pretty cool system, especially if you're doing some off-roading.  This one does have lane departure warning as well. Push button, four-wheel drive, factory brake controller. This is for your alternate trailer height. That's part of that rear airbag suspension where you can program different trailers and you can actually lower the bed as well. Factory exhaust brake, toll hall mode, front and rear parking sensors. You can turn those off and on. Two USBs, two USB C's and an AUX jack. You get the keyless entry with the remote start and puller drop down tailgate. You also get a coin holder and just general holder right there. Three cup holders in the center console. This does fold up for an extra seat. And then there is storage underneath there as well and an extra seatbelt. Passenger side, also 115 volt, 400 watt plug-in right there. Dual glove boxes, passenger side, format and seat are an excellent condition. No rips or tears on there. I don't think this truck's ever been smoked in. The headliner is absolutely perfect. You get map lights up here, assistant SOS buttons, power drop down tailgate button. And then your RubioMirror, which is also an auto dimming mirror and it's a RubioMirror camera. So it's a video display of what's going on behind you. You can raise it, lower it, dim it, bright it, or you can just make it a normal mirror like that. Home link buttons for your garage door security systems and lighting systems. So definitely a lot of options on this truck, more than what I said before, this is the 50 gallon fuel tank in the alternate or the auto leveling suspension. It also has adaptive cruise control, lane departure warning. So a lot of great options on this truck. Let's start it up and take a look under the hood and check out all those LED lights in the front. You also get an outside temperature display there. Starts right up, no check engine lights or anything like that. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this HD video, you've been able to verify the quality condition options and of course the cleanliness of this truck inside and out. There are those LED side lights, they are very bright. And of course the LED headlamps, fog lights and running lights are very bright as well. Definitely would get a truck with those LED lights for sure. Under the hood, we have the 6.7 liter Cummins diesel engine engine base, very clean. Runs very smooth. Once again, this truck has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop as a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off. And this truck is 100% ready to go. There is the emission sticker. And I would highly recommend this truck from a quality and condition standpoint. I'd ship this one back to Washington, California, Texas, New York, Florida. Whoever's going to get this truck is going to be very happy with it. And to see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 550 new year's cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, halftones, three quarter tons, one tons, you name it, we've got to go to the website right there, summonauto.com. Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle. All at summonauto.com. If you want to check out more HD videos, you can go to youtube.com slash summonauto. Click the bell notifications, get updates on the videos I do each and every day. As well as having access to one of the largest catalogs of vehicle and heavy duty truck walk-arounds on YouTube and stay current on our ever-changing and vast heavy duty truck inventory here at Summit Auto. In fact, in a second you'll see a link to subscribe to my YouTube channel on the upper left. It linked to all the Ram 2500 truck videos I've ever done in the upper right. Link to this vehicle on our website in the lower left. And they linked to one of our latest YouTube videos on the lower right with those checks out. We're super excited to help you with this Ultra Clean 2022 Ram 2500 crew cab long box, Laramie level bead night edition and bright white clear coat. Thank you so much for checking out the video. Remember to like, subscribe and share on the YouTube channel. I really appreciate it. Have a great day.


Dear students, we are going to perform the activity of field wizard for collection of different developmental stages of insects belonging to different orders. Insects are polyfagus, they attack on different plants like aphids, they are present on the backside of the leaves, on the soft leaves, on the new leaves of the plants or other insects are also present on different plants. So we have to use the variety of vegetation like orchards, fields, crops, vegetable fields, flowering flowers. So you can use variety of habitat to collect the variety of insects. If you use variety of methods, then you will get variety of insects because with one method, sweep net, leaf litter, trap method, beating tree method, you will get only one variety of insects. As long as you don't use variety of collection methods, you won't get a variety of insects. And apart from this, you have to look at the weather as well. The insects that you will get in March, April, they will not be available in June, July, and they will not be available in October, November. Apart from this, in the collection of insects, if you have collected insects, then you will get larval stages or immature stages. If you are getting them in March, April, then you can collect them after a few months, one month, 20 days after, so that you get their mature stages. And vegetation is also specific that if you get a male from an insect, then you will get a female from a nearby plant. You have to look at the temperature, rainfall, humidity, wind, all these A-biotic factors must also be looked at that you will not get insects in June, July, and in the afternoon. You will have to look at them in the early morning and in the evening. You will not get insects in rainfall at high temperatures. If there is too much wind, then insects will get disturbed. So, you have to focus on these kinds of A-biotic factors. And apart from this, where you have collected insects, micro and macro habitat, then you have to record longitude and latitude, which you record with GPS. And you also have to use a data book. When you go to the field, then with all the equipment that you have, field equipment, field kit that you have, sweep net, bottles, wires, collection jars. Apart from this, there will be a sheet for the beet tree method, stick, goggles, gloves, glasses, sunscreen, mosquito repellent, then you have to take all these equipment to the field. And all these things are necessary. Apart from this, GPS to record longitude and latitude. Apart from this, you have to fill the data book on which A-biotic factor, that time temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind, all these factors, A-biotic factor, micro habitat, macro habitat. For example, if you have insect, micro habitat, that is the field. If you are taking it from any crop, wheat crop, that is micro habitat. And from the plant, leaf or stem that you have got, that is micro habitat. So, you have to record micro- and macro habitat in their data book. All A-biotic factors you have to record in the data book. It is the simplest method. In hand picking method, we collect the small insects, soft-bodied insects like beetles, aphids, bugs and other small insects that are very fragile and soft-bodied. And we pick them very gently, very politely. We can use the small brush, any other vials like this. You can see the ladybird beetle on this flower. Now I pick it like in this way, gently. I just attach the bottle on this flower and ladybird beetle gently move into the bottle and then I closed it with my thumb. As you can see the ladybird beetle is moving in the vial. You can tap it to see the movement of ladybird beetle and then just close the bottle using this plastic cover lid. Another method of insect collection. We can collect the insect from the trees. We just tap the trees and remove their bark. So you can tap the tree like this and remove the bark. If you remove the bark, you will see the insects. See how the spider has moved here. See how I have kept it on the vial gently and the spider has come into the vial in the glass vial and you can close it with any finger and then cover it with a lid. This is a raccoon. This is another method of insect collection. We can just remove the bark, we can tap the tree and insects will move and you can collect the insects. There are many snails as well. You can see the snails and other insects like ants. These are the ants, colony of ants. These are the snails as well. Within the single plant you can see the diversity of insects like snails, beetles, spiders and ants. This is the exact ecology and diversity of the insects. They share the same habitat with other insects and they play a role in the food chain and food web as well. There is another insect on this plant. You can gently pick this insect as well. You can also pick this gently. Insects like butterflies, moth, or wasps and other insects like honeybees like we can catch them with aerial netting. As you have seen we caught these butterflies in the sweep net and they move in the triangular net. After that we can save them in any vial container, jam bottle, coffee bottle, any glass bottle for further preservation and taxonomic study. You can gently shift these butterflies in any container with this triangular cotton net. You can see that the butterfly has come in the glass bottle with the sweep net. You can also tap and move the butterfly. After that you can gently cover it with a lid. You can see that if you tap the glass bottle you can see the butterfly moving. In addition to butterfly, you can collect the honeybees, dragonflies, moths, wasps, flying insects, and aerial insects using the aerial netting method. This method is another method of insect collection. As you can see this field students use plastic glasses or glass bottles like jam bottles, coffee bottles, empty coffee bottles, and glass bottles to put traps in the field. They add carousel oil and glycerin solution to the field. This is why insects move on the ground and put on the soil at equal level. You can see the pitfall traps. The insects move on the soil and fall in the pitfall trap. We collect the insect's diversity after two days, morning, or evening. This gives us ground diversity. The insect's variety is available in any field for comparison. Now we are going to explain the pitfall trap. How we can insert the trap in the field? As you can see we are just digging the soil to insert the bottle in the soil to insert the pitfall trap in the soil. It should be on the level of the soil so insects should not identify that there is something dangerous for them. If the pitfall trap falls on the soil and the insect moves on the soil, then the pitfall trap falls on the soil. If the level of the pitfall trap falls on the soil, then the insect will be alerted and they will have an idea that there is something different here and they will identify it and cross the pitfall trap. If we cross the pitfall trap, then we have to keep the level of the pitfall trap exactly equal to the soil of the field so that the insects don't have an idea that there is something dangerous for them. In this way, you can define the rows in the field at a distance of at least five rows and you can insert the trap in the field at a distance of at least 15 or 10 traps. You can insert the trap in the field like this and then in the morning or evening time you can collect them and in the pitfall trap, we will use the solution of glycerin, carousel oil, because this is a sunny environment and the solution will evaporate. You can see that pitfall trap is equal to the ground level and insects could not identify this trap. Insects will move around this pitfall trap and insects will fall easily in this trap. Now you can fill this trap with carousel oil and glycerin with the solution of glycerin and carousel oils 70 to 30 percent. Glycerin should be 30 and carousel oil should be 70 percent. For demonstration, I am only just adding the simple water in this trap but for collection of insects you have to use the alcohol. Insects will trap in this pitfall trap and you can collect the insect after two days in the morning or evening by removing this pitfall trap from the ground. Now we are going to use another method for insect collection. This is the beet tree method. For beet tree method we need a simple white sheet to spread under the tree like this small tree and stick to beet tree and collection wires. In beet tree method we can collect the insects that are present on the foliage like on the trees in the orchards are other insects that are other pests that attack on the different plants in the orchards. Now we will perform the beet tree method. Just spread the sheet under the tree. Gently spread the white sheet under the tree and gently beat the tree with the using the stick. Now gently beat the tree. You can jerk the tree as well. You can see the insects are moving although these are not insects these are spiders, rachnida class, not insecta class. This is spider as you can see we collected spider as well it belongs to the rachnida class this is not the insect it belongs to rachnida and insects belong to the rachnida class. There are many differences between the insects and rachnids. The most important thing is that in different collection methods you will not only collect the insects but also rachnids are also present on the trees on different vegetation. So in your collection you will also collect some rachnids as well within the insects. Rachnids are totally different from the insects they have very different characters like spider has very different characters from the insects. So don't confuse with the rachnids and insects. You are using different methods for insect collection so in your collection you will also collect rachnids and insects as well. Leaf litter method litter is composed of pollen leaves twigs and bark of the trees. Litter also have a variety of insects like millipedes, centipedes, earthworms, bugs, beetles and ants and you can see the different insects moving in it. Variety of insects are present in it and since this leaf litter is a little dry if the leaf litter is damp then you will get more insects. Since this leaf litter is dry then there are not so many insects in it. We can only see ants here. Millipedes, centipedes etc. are not present in the damp places. If the leaf litter is a little damp then we can see them. By using leaf litter method you will collect the millipedes, centipedes, bugs, beetles, ants and earthworms from the leaf litter. For thorny vegetation in which very small type of insects are present we use aspirator. Aspirator is an instrument that is used for collection of insects when vegetation is thorny and by using aspirator we collect the very small number of very small size insects.  This works on the method of sucking and there is a cotton cotton cloth inside the aspirator. When aspirators suck the insects they all fall on the cloth that we will collect after the collection. Another method for collection of insects are traps. There are many different types of traps like yellow light trap, pan trap, burly funnel trap. So these different traps are used to attract the insects. Different lights are used to attract the insects during night like nocturnal insects are attracted towards the light. So these traps are used for the collection of insects from the orchids or at the large scale. For example, bait is used in orchids like mega orchid, guava orchid at large scale. We cannot collect the insects from such orchids easily. So bait works on the large fields. There are variety of baits and variety of light traps that are used for the collection of insects in the large fields and orchids etc. Hence these are variety of insects that we have collected by using different collection methods. Now we will use these collection of insects for identification and taxonomic studies of insects.