Dear students, in this topic, we shall continue to discuss the visual pigments and their photochemistry. The rhodopsin isomerization that involves the retinal molecule will be discussed here. The retinal molecule assumes two sterically distinct states in the retina. In the absence of light, retinal is in eleven cis configuration that binds to the opsin protein covalently. In the presence of light, this eleven cis retinal isomerizes into the all trans configuration. This cis trans isomerization is the light's only effect on visual pigment. The light that is perceived in the retina is the transduction event that will be the result of this change. The cis trans configuration change destabilizes the rhodopsin molecule and it starts to decompose. Because eleven cis configuration binds to the opsin and makes the rhodopsin. But the all trans configuration does not bind to the opsin and it is detached. But this does not happen at all, it is stepwise. We say that this stepwise process is decomposing and it is gradually breaking down. However, this decomposing stage of rhodopsin is actually the activated state of rhodopsin. During these changes, the color of rhodopsin changes from purple to yellow. That is why this phenomenon is also called bleaching. This change results in a series of biochemical reactions in the membrane that results in the transduction of light into electrical signals. Dear students, now we shall discuss the decomposition steps of rhodopsin. When the light hits rhodopsin, it immediately produces bethorhodopsin. This bethorhodopsin is a partially split combination of all trans retinal and opsin. Bethorhodopsin is extremely unstable and decays in a nanosecond time to lumirhodopsin. Lumirhodopsin takes about a microsecond to decay into meta-rhodopsin 1. Metarhodopsin 1 changes into metarhodopsin 2 in about a millisecond. This is how we see that the highly unstable intermediates are producing in the beginning and the ones that we are moving ahead are comparatively stable. This is after a nanosecond to a microsecond and then to a millisecond. Now, this metarhodopsin 2 is split into the opsin and all trans retinal but this occurs much more slowly and takes few seconds. Dear students, this metarhodopsin 2 is the activated rhodopsin. It excites changes in the rod cells that eventually generate graded receptor potential and transmit visual impulse into the nervous system. Now, we shall see how metarhodopsin 2 works in transduction. The metarhodopsin 2 activates a G protein which is called transducin in the membrane. This activated transducin activates the enzyme phosphodiesterase. This enzyme hydrolyzes cyclic GMP and converts it into 5' GMP. The effect of this is that cyclic GMP's concentration cell drops. This drop in cyclic GMP level results in drop in the conductance of cations. Specially, the sodium, calcium and magnesium ions through the permitting channel membranes, which they were allowing, when channels are closed, their conductance in the cations decreases. What will be the result of this? The result is that potassium channels which are open right now will flow through the potassium ions. As a result, potassium current will dominate and will cause the cell to hyperpolarize. This hyperpolarization will produce the graded receptor potential. The production of graded receptor potential due to hyperpolarization is characteristic of the photoreceptor cells. This is highly unusual in nature because receptor potentials are generally produced due to depolarization but here receptor potential is produced due to hyperpolarization.


Therapies that might slow down or even reverse aging and keep us fully youthful, healthy and alive for a seriously long time are in the works and while people may appreciate the upsides of that, a lot of them are worried about the potential downsides. On this planet, we're having our fair share of environmental concerns as it is. If therapies against aging make us live a lot longer, would this lead to a population catastrophe?


One of the things that we do at the analytics store is training courses and so I am involved in designing and delivering training courses across I guess the whole range of things that we do in data analytics so right from data manipulation, databases all the way up to predictive analytics using machine learning and I think the big thing that we try to do in designing those courses is try and make them so people can come straight away from the course and immediately use data analytics effectively and make a difference in their companies.


Hello, everyone. Welcome to another video. So this video I thought I'd make this video about PewDiePie.  I think the only one above him is like this t-series where they they upload like Bollywood music and stuff like that but PewDiePie as an individual is the biggest youtuber on earth and He made a video last night. It was I think and I was watching it and at towards the end He started talking about veganism, but like let's just talk about PewDiePie. I'm fairly sure he doesn't eat meat Right, I'm fairly sure him and his partner Marcia. They don't eat meat But this was one of the run-ins he had with a youtuber about three years ago her name's Sorsha Let's check this out. If PewDiePie were to go vegan, he'd have a meaningful message. If I went vegan I would have a meaningful message. Are all vegans part of some cult or something? Like what's happening? What what about all the charity that I do we raised over a million dollars towards many different charities? Is that not a meaningful message enough or there's animals only matter? I'm just confused This is like why no one will take vegan seriously because one batshit crazy person come out and says stuff like this and Everyone else just gets discredited. So that was his run-in with Sorsha now interestingly like PewDiePie a smart guy and yes He does work for charity. So like just because he's not a vegan doesn't mean he doesn't do good in the world It just means there might be things in your life that you're contributing a lot of suffering to that You don't realize but maybe PewDiePie does realize because He made this video. Let's check it out animals burn in Australia animals burn on a grill hypocrites Okay, someone said it yeah, I know you're kidding But similar things happen at a much-facerating industrial farms and that is a serious issue people don't seem to care about this yet Make donations to rescue the animals in Australia, which don't get me wrong That's fantastic But it's hypocritical to then dismiss all the suffering which is arguably worse and factually much bigger that goes in That burger you just munched. I actually thought I thought about this the other day He thought about this the other day.  Now did PewDiePie scoff his nose at that?  This is just too militant. No, there's logic behind it And this Australia bushfires thing this worked for a lot of people I remember I think it was Greg do sets partner as well Ali. She was talking about the Australia bushfires I mean we capitalized on that tragedy because It was a obvious display of hypocrisy. Now The animals were being burned up in those fires, which was horrible No one wants to see koalas being burned up in fires, but gas pigs are being gas chambered in Australia every single day There's like half a billion animals being slaughtered in Australia every single year And if you go to worldwide numbers, you're talking about, you know, 70 billion land animals and two to three trillion marine animals That's just correct. They're crazy numbers So this is a perfect opportunity for people to speak up about this these opportunities These are the ones that are reaching people like PewDiePie And if you call out the hypocrisy PewDiePie has obviously got logic in his mind when he thinks these things through and he sees the hypocrisy in it too Let's keep going. Well, what was my thought my very interesting thought. Okay. Yeah Yeah, it was something about cancel and how people are so upset over Injustice online or what seems like injustice of people doing bad things so they cancel them And that's always happening. Oh this person did this you're done But and I think most people don't like to see animals in pain But if you look at inside a lot of Industries where how they treat animal behind the scenes inside these farms or inside the Or the way they're killed. It's uncomfortable. People wouldn't like it I guarantee you you wouldn't like it at least in the in the mass mass killing and mass production at least I'm not talking about local farms. My point here I think people don't care so much about the animals even though if you Get upset about the killing of animals Then that also means that you are partaking in it which in a way makes you bad So what he's saying is there's this cancel culture going around But like when it comes to animals everyone's going to be cancelled because everyone's you know paying for animals to go to slaughter houses So when it comes to animal cruelty, you know You know This is where people start to become hypocritical because they're eating a steak and they're saying animal cruelty is bad And this is kind of what he's saying. He's saying like he also said something about oh This applies to most of the industrial farming Not local farms But I think PewDiePie would understand too that all those local animals at local farms go to a local slaughterhouse to be Butchered and chopped up as well. So you know that that kind of is a bit inconsistent But what he's sort of talking about is factory farming is horrible And this is where most of the meat and dairy and eggs are coming from factory farms And it kind of makes you hypocritical This is kind of the vibe he's going for here when cancel culture is all about calling out other people bad So I can feel good But you can't really do that when you look at animal issues and how they're treated because it's like well you You have to at least uh be a vegan or a vegetarian to do that We have to be a vegan to do that PewDiePie Um not a vegetarian because this is what I used to say I remember making facebook posts ages ago before I went vegan I started to it started to click and sink in and I remember seeing people saying I'll save the whales or Don't eat palm oil or do all these things and they've got a steak on their plate And it used to like do my head and I was like you're eating a steak Right, you're talking about save this species of animal. Uh, don't use palm oil.  I remember I made a facebook post saying unless you're vegan or vegetarian Um, you're not an animal rights activist.  At least I could admit my own hypocrisy I remember saying this in a facebook post. So PewDiePie is at that stage.  There's truth in what we're saying and people just they get angry. They get cognitive dissonance No, I care about animals stop calling me out. Oh vegans are so aggressive and Okay, okay. I got it. I got the perfect example. Okay. Let's put it this way if everyone was uh, Vegan and vegetarian and then they saw how animals were treated then for sure people would be like I can't believe they're doing this. This is awful and considering how often people get called out on Online it it's weird how that does never uh, it doesn't get any traction. Yeah, well, you know why PewDiePie? Because if we've got enough traction then enough people will be exposed to their own hypocrisy and this is what activism is You know, this is what activism is supposed to do Like you call out this hypocrisy like the australian bushfires and people were saying oh stop leveraging off the bushfire Stop leveraging off of this, but it's actually the perfect time to speak about this I mean there's euland dog eating festival too Um every year and this is a great opportunity to say okay most of the public you're against eating dogs So am I but then you go home and you eat pigs cows chickens and lambs and I mean these opportunities Like when they come around they should be capitalized on because we're trying to liberate all the animals not just one species and you know PewDiePie here. He's having a wake up call. He's having this awareness come over him And he's made he makes his own decisions He makes his own decisions based on the knowledge he has Based on the rationale and his own compassion his own heart seems like a compassionate guys donated millions to charity It seems like he might make the right decisions soon, but he's just going at his own pace. Oh, it's me It's me guys. God creating vegans. Oh just a little bit of logic And god slipped and put too much logic into the vegans. So here he's like inadvertently sort of You're agreeing that vegans have a lot of logic with with their position our position is logical It's consistent. If you get against animal cruelty, you should be doing your best to try to mitigate that in your life Um, obviously you can't live without causing any suffering at all But why would we cause the maximum amount by putting animals by the billion into slaughterhouses and cutting their throats open? I mean it's very simple logic and it's really hard to deny that kind of logic Too much. I'm not being by the way too much logic guys just hurts He's not vegan by the way. So he likes to put that in there. I'm not vegan, but gotta admit there's a lot of logic in vegans. He's just He's not vegan yet. He is definitely on his way though. He is definitely on his way Like he is he's gonna get there very soon I'd be very surprised if he doesn't to be honest with you the way that he's talking about this Listen, all I'm saying is there's a weird gap right now with people on the internet Getting very upset about how animals are mistreated and ignoring a lot of that's happening in In the reality of the meat industry. That's all I'm saying. All right There's a weird gap between people who are caring about animals being mistreated, but eat animal products I mean Couldn't have said it better myself eat whatever you want.  He could just He could do so much man For animals and he already does do a lot like you I'm not saying he doesn't do a lot Um just because he's not a vegan doesn't mean he can't do good things in the world Of course, that's it would be insane to suggest that but man Imagine what he could do for the animals Dude just with one video this guy's this guy's got a beast of a channel. He gets Millions of views. Let's see how many how many views does he get a month? Pewdiepie, let's have a look God god god He's got 26 billion video views He gets 300 million views a month Whoa Wow That is crazy Imagine if it turned into a vegan channel No, it wouldn't but imagine if he just went vegan and started talking about veganism every now and then I just made vegan cooking videos like that would be huge I would just oh god that'd be a dream come true for the animals are just amazing Now the other day just just hold on here. Hold on stay with me here Stay with me because just the other day he made a little cooking video. All right. Let's have a look here Not me They're tofu Don't tell them. It's not soy. It's it's pure protein It's made by intestines and Brains all that good stuff that you want from hot dogs. No, no tofu not in my kitchen Soy cringe So here he is he's like no, this isn't tofu not in my kitchen soy cringe I wouldn't do that like this is made of intestines and brains like normal hot dogs are of course So he's just like he's china He's being funny. He doesn't want people to know maybe he's a little bit embarrassed like I don't know It could putie pie get embarrassed of eating tofu or soy I mean, I mean it's kind of like you're going against the grain Um, you know when you be vegan and you sort of open yourself up to a bit of ridicule But I think um such a confident guy like putie pie couldn't be afraid of that could he but yeah Like it must have been his partner marzia. Maybe they're tofu. Don't tell them Yeah, like marzia's saying in the background. It's tofu. It's tofu. Don't tell them. Don't tell them. Anyways, but then you go on to his mashed potatoes Yeah I don't know how much milk you put But I don't see how you can fail in making mashed potatoes. Can you they're mashed potatoes They're gonna be mashed potatoes without they are those We'll start with that But then he puts our dairy milk. I looked up just milk just milk is it's full cows dairy. I mean I could be wrong, but no, it's definitely cows dairy milk. Yeah, it's got a cow on there. If you if you look on the package There's a little cow on the on the package. See see the cow with the green grass there Putie pie might not know that the dairy industry is horrific forcibly impregnating cows Taking their their calves away from them. If they're a male, they'll be sent off to veal or be shot on the farm On their first day of life or they'll be raised as beef and have their head cut off The females will go on to be milk producing slaves essentially Where they'll produce milk and have their milk taken for years and then be impregnated again every single year for about Six or seven or eight years depending on the farm and then they'll be slaughtered So it's just a life of misery having their calves abducted from them killed slaughtered, you know The dairy industry is basically just supportive of the beef industry They're both the same industries and the leather industry a lot of leather comes from the dairy industry So yeah, just as horrific as the meat industry Pewdiepie if you didn't know that anyways And then he opens up his fridge here and you see he's got the old free range eggs I used to do this I used to buy free range eggs as well thinking I was doing the right thing And the the package looks really good and it makes you feel really good Oh, these are free range chickens, you know, like free range sheds Here's some images of some free range sheds here now free range farms are captured a maximum outdoor density Of 10,000 hens per hectare one per square meter though, they still spend most of their time packed together in large sheds Chickens naturally form and live within a social hierarchy called a pecking order But are only able to recognize around 100 other chickens in sheds or paddocks with thousands of other birds Their inability to maintain this pecking order results in chaos the weak birds are picked on with no way to escape Disease spreads rapidly You know, maybe they get some access to sunlight every now and then but free range is just it's a big shed basically And you know, it's it's not what what it seems anyway And the egg producers so what happens is they come from a hatchery But at this hatchery what happens is the males will go down into a conveyor belt and get macerated Because the males of this particular breed they don't grow fast enough for meat Then they're just not financially viable. They don't lay eggs for the egg industry only the females do so They'll just drop them into a macerator or they suffocate them in a bag or gas chamber them So yeah, that's with free range organic eggs Just the egg industry generally like even backyard hens if you buy those if you get those backyard hens You're supporting an industry that macerates male chicks in a hatchery So that can't really be avoided and and all these egg laying free range egg laying hens will go on to be Slaughtered at about 18 months of age anyway when their egg production declined.  You can't be vegetarian for moral reasons, you know Vegan only vegan only I thought I'd make a video. Hopefully he sees it man. Like go PewDiePie.  Maybe if you shared it with him That would be cool Um, but I just think uh go PewDiePie man. Just go vegan dude. Just go vegan. You see the logic in it You wouldn't want to wear leather wool Uh, you probably pose animal testing You probably don't like seeing uh animals in prison zoos and being used as slaves in circuses and you know the egg industry The dairy industry both horrific industries. You got to look on into those industries. Dude. They are horrific Arguably worse than the meat industry arguably like just some prolonged suffering.  Um, if you wanted to do a little bit covert at the start because you're a bit embarrassed Okay, fair enough But like you should be proud to be against animal cruelty and proud to promote anti animal abuse to your following I mean a lot of impressionable young younger teenagers following your stuff And probably some adults too.  You think PewDiePie should just be morally consistent?  He could even just be a an animal rights activist I mean he's got the facilities. He's got the massive platform in the money He could do so much for animals. What do you guys think go PewDiePie? Go vegan PewDiePie? We'll have to see make vegan PewDieVeganPie. He'd be making some PewDieVeganPie Uh with all vegan ingredients. So okay, I'll see you all in the next video. Thanks for tuning in and Peace to you PewDiePie. I hope to see you on the vegan train very soon. Go vegan and save the planet Go vegan Be nice to animals There's a weird gap right now with people on the internet Getting very upset about how animals are mistreated and ignoring a lot of that's happening in In the reality of the meat industry. That's all i'm saying. All right.


God created us to be these incredibly powerful beings, but the problem is within society, as well as many, if not the majority of churches, have done everything possible in their power to take away our own power and creativity and spirituality and doing their best to take that understanding away from us, to make us feel small and puny, to make us feel like victim, like we are separate from God.  You're here for a reason, okay? God doesn't make mistakes.


I'm Anfa. Welcome to a monthly live stream. If you don't know, I am a music producer and a sound designer, so I exclusively work with open source software and Linux. And every month, on the first Sunday I do a live stream, two hours where I make music with open source software, I answer your questions, and then the last half hour I play your music submissions. There is a form, it's linked in all my videos, live streams alike, you can find it, you can submit your music, just follow the rules. Yeah, today we're doing something different, both in terms of software and in terms of music, I think we're gonna be making, because today it's fully modular, or fully, maybe not fully, because I am really excited about a new software synthesizer called Cardinal. Let me show you. So Cardinal has been released like 20 days ago. Actually, yeah, something like that, 14th of February, 2022. And it's a new open source plugin based on VCV Rack. If you don't know, VCV Rack is a modular, virtual modular synthesizer for the next Mac and Windows, I believe. It is open source and it had something called Rack Bridge or DAW Bridge or something like that. Basically, you could run a standalone VCV Rack program, and then you can use a plugin in your DAW to kind of send the audio back and MIDI back and forth. But that's really not, that isn't truly using VCV Rack in your DAW. There is also something called Rack Pro, I believe, with VCV Rack 2. And that's also an option. So that is different from Cardinal, because Rack Pro is, first thing, it's a commercial plugin, but second, it ties into the VCV network services. So you can log in and have your purchased proprietary modules appear there. Cardinal is different. Cardinal is completely detached from that ecosystem. It's self-contained, it has a, I think, couple hundred open source modules built in. And that's all we have and all we need, really. Let me just open a patch I was working on. So I made this. Okay. Yep. And it's making weird noises. I really like the noises. So I thought today we could do some dark ambient. I've got some clipping, okay. All right. I think what I'm gonna do is I'm going to put a limiter after Cardinal to raise the level a bit with X42 DPL, which is the best digital limiter ever created. Yep. Now we can have both loud and clean sound. All right. Let's take a look at this patch. What is going on here? Also, maybe I should make my face smaller. Also, maybe I should hide my hand. I don't know. What do you think? Apart from hitting some notes, I'm not going to be doing very complex things with the keyboard. So maybe it's good to see when I'm triggering notes, basically. All right. So what do we have here? Cardinal has some special modules for handling the communication with your DAW. So there is host audio, which gives you output and input of audio, of course. So here I'm feeding the sound out from Cardinal and there is Cardinal host MIDI. This is the MIDI input. So when I'm pressing a MIDI note, I'm going to go for a very high note. You can see that V voltage per octave is going green and the same is going copying with the gate.  Okay, I'm going to make my head smaller then. Hide it completely, but make it less intrusive. What about that? I've got some clipping going on. Maybe I'm going to turn down the slam on the tape processor. Basically, there's a whole lot of cool things going on here. There is an oscillator which is triggered and there is another texture synthesizer. It's a different module that it's like a granular synth which mangles this oscillator output. We just feed it with a salt of wave. Then that gets processed with a weird resonating, I don't know if that is like, it's called resonator. I think it's a bunch of COM filters and these COM filters as well as this texture, the synthesizer, which is a granular processor, they are also modulated with LFOs. So three flowing, smooth changes of voltage. I'm going to go for a low note now. So I think what we are hearing now is individual peaks of the salt of wave or impulses, pulses, when the salt of wave goes from low to high again. And that's processed with this granular processor. So the pulses are not cyclic. The cycles are broken and they're not creating something like, they're not resembling a, sorry, a simple tone anymore. So we're getting reorganized. Then this resonator creates some interesting formats that sound like this is echoing in a pipe or something. After that, we get and saturate the signal with the tape and then we put it through compressor. Actually, we left and right channels independently and then to plateau, which is, I was told a fantastic reverb and indeed it is. I'm pretty astonished about how awesome this reverb sounds. There is an amplifier here, which is used to turn down the sound so it doesn't play all the time. So we're first exiting from texture synthesizer, then we go into quad VCA to turn this down, which is controlled by this envelope generator. And then that goes to resonator and tape and then blah, blah, blah. Okay. So then this is just for me to visualize what's going on so I can see. And I'm using the midi, am I using? Oh no, I'm using an LFOs sort of wave to drive the X input of the oscilloscope so that I can like have a scanning action. All right, I'm going to play you a sequence I made with this, et cetera. So I made a simple kick, the mandatory kick drum. Let me show you how the kick works. If we disable the reverb, so I'm going to turn down the wet and turn up the dry, this is the kick. So there is a Chao pulse, which is specifically designed, which is an interesting envelope generator, I think. And then that goes into a amplifier that helps me just reduce the pitch because it was too high. This then goes into a sine oscillator to modulate the pitch of that. There's also a reset going on. So when I press the note, the sine oscillator gets reset. That then goes into another amplifier, which this time is driven by the previous, sorry, by the same envelope oscillator, sorry, envelope generator, which is called Chao pulse. And then that goes into reverb. And when it's all wet, we get this. All right, let's make something from scratch now. So here is our empty canvas, the rack itself. By the way, can everyone hear me correctly? Everyone is good. Everything is fine. I'm going to start recording on my camera. So maybe I'll do some highlights if we make some awesome things. Tick testing at all. All right. Seems that everything works. Okay, I shouldn't say that. You know what happened last month. All right. So let's start with a oscillator. If you right click, you will open up a list of modules available. There are 623 modules. We can change the zoom to see the modules better. It's an overwhelming number. So I recommend to first start with a couple of suits. Audible Instruments, I think is a very nice starting point. Because there's a lot of different things like a VCA mixer, an EQ there was somewhere. Yeah, there is a bunch of different cool oscillators. There's a filter. Oh, there's a gate. And it's pretty easy to get started. I'm going to start with the macro oscillator. And now to make sound, first we need to get the output of the oscillator to our output of the plugin. But that's not going to be very useful because this is always going to play the same pitch. So we can pass the volts per octave output from our host and put it to volts per octave input. Volts per octave, this is because VCV Rack uses something called CV or control voltage. Control voltage is in the real physical world. It's just a standard of a voltage that is used to control different things between modules. It's like a standardized interface for modules for a module synthesizer to communicate. And VCV Rack, if you don't know, is a software emulation of a hardware system called Eurorack. And many of the modules that you can load in here have hardware counterparts. So you can actually build the physical modules, the devices, put them in a real rack, get real patching cables, connect them together, and make these sounds with hardware if you want. I'm not into that kind of thing because I have limited space and limited budget. But I know some people like to buy modules and build their own racks and play with that all day. That's cool. I wasn't interested in modular synthesizers, basically VCV Rack. And VCV Rack before because it wasn't possible to use it in a DAW. And only now with Cardinal being released. That finally is an option. And we are doing it right now. And this makes it possible for me to really build patches in Cardinal and use them in my tracks. Now, cool things are, we also get automation inputs. So we can pass automation 24 parameters and we can just, they are converted to virtual control voltage and we can feed them to different things. So we can automate various parameters. I think 24 slots is really enough. Yeah. Okay. So we have an oscillator. Now, to build a synthesizer, we need a few more elements, namely we need an amplifier and an envelope generator. So I'm going to right click and find, see if we have an ENV or ADSR. Okay, we don't have an ENV envelope. This is a segment generator. That could be, that this may be a, it may be some kind of envelope generator. But no, I'm going to go all brands and search for ENV. And now envelope or maybe better, I'm going to type ADSR, ADSR. ADSR stands for attack, decay, sustain and release. And here the BGA or bog audio has a very simple and small module that does just that. It's a very standard way of generating envelopes, which has been around for decades, probably like maybe even 100 years. Do they have ADSR envelope generators in the 20s? In the 1920s? I don't know. Maybe in the 30s? 40s? I don't know. I don't know how old the stack is. Okay. So envelope generator is going to give us a control voltage that stays, starts at zero. And then when we press a key on our keyboard, it's going to rise, it's going to rise, and then it's going to stop, and then it's going to hold there until we release the key, and then it's going to fall down. What this will do is allow us to change something with time based on what we're pressing. So I'm going to route the gate input, the gate output from our DAW into something, maybe color. Okay. And now if we, no, sorry, wrong. Well, we set gate, send gate to the gate input of our ADSR. Now if I press a key, you can see we have these little LEDs shh moving around and lighting up. Let me maybe change our looks a little bit. Okay. So now if I press a key, you can see that attack lights up, then decay, then sustain. And now I'm holding my key, as you can see. Hope you can see. And then if I release it, we go into the release part. That means that we are at different stages because this ADSR is a four stage envelope generator. Now if I go without and put it say to color, you can see the output gets bright, and then I release, and it gets dark again. If I increase the attack, it's going to get brighter over time. You see the voltage is rising to 10 volts, and now I let it go and it dims back. Okay, let's try and see what happens if I connect this to our output. All right, we're pressing a very low note. Let's play something higher. All right. We are now changing the color over time, but we would rather change the volume. So let me add another module. We need an amplifier, also called VCA for voltage controlled amplifier. And you can see that in audible instruments, we have a quad VCA, which is a module that has four, that has four. By the way, is the darker look of the cardinal rack better or is it worse? I wanted to make it easier to see the LEDs. Okay, I don't see anybody complaining. If there is a problem, let me know. All right. So here we have basically four amplifiers, four voltage-controlled amplifiers in one. They're just numbered one, two, three, and four. I think these are like just yeah, squiggly, interesting digits, or maybe something broke. I don't know, maybe it's just stylization. Okay, I think I'm going to turn up the blightness a little bit, 75% maybe. Okay, so now I take the output of the oscillator, I put it in the input, not in the CV input, and the input. So these are inputs, but when you see the tooltip, this is channel one input, and the other socket is channel one CV input, which means it's the control voltage input. So here we should plug our output from our ADSR module. Now if I connect the output of this amplifier into my host audio output, and I press a key, I don't hear anything, and that's because I need to turn up the gain. Yeah, and now if I go and play a higher note, and we've made our simple synthesizer, you can already play some music with that. So it isn't very interesting to listen to, but we're gonna soon make it more interesting. Okay, what could we do? I would like to make some ambient textures. So how about we add some filters? All right, let's see and find a filter. I'm gonna go maybe with the audible instruments again, and see if we have a filter here. Oh, I'm already searching for VCA. I'm gonna go filter. Okay, there is something called liquid filter. A cool thing is that we have, you see outputs for high pass, band pass, low pass, etc. What is this? EQ filter. Okay, that's interesting. I'm gonna go with the liquid one. Okay, so here is our source signal. I can click and drag and just disconnect this output. I'm gonna put it in the input. Wait, that's resonance input. This is audio input. Okay, so the label is on top of the socket. So now I'm feeding audio to this filter. Now I want to take audio out of it. Let's take the band pass to output. Okay, we have resonance. This filter is really gnarly, I would say. It has a lot of character. It has a lot of nice saturation. Maybe even a little bit of drift. I don't know. Drift could be a thing that is emulated because with hardware synthesizers, hardware analog synthesizers, the problem is that components like capacitors and resistors change their, change how they operate, change their parameters, depending on the ambient temperature. So the desynthesizers can go out of tuning to actually tune them between performances. So they keep in tune. And I don't know if they implemented that. Maybe they did. I am not a fan of that kind of feature. So it can add a little bit of warmth and instability and liveliness. All right, so we have a band pass filter. What can we do? We can have the filter cutoff be automated, actuated by something. So we need a control voltage source. Let's go for an LFO, right click. I'm going to type in LFO. What is an LFO? LFO is a low frequency oscillator. So I think I'm going to just go for oscillator. Maybe VCO, voltage controlled oscillator. Okay, there's also bog audio. There's a slow option. Okay, I guess slow is going to make it a, what is that? LVCO. Maybe that's going to do. This is a little oscillator. We can send the output to frequency. Whoa, that made sound even though we didn't press a note. And that is kind of interesting. Okay, I think what I need is, I want to control the levels. I'm going to use my quad VCA to just change the channel gain. Oh, that's CV. Okay, channel. Yeah, I guess I can put output here. Yeah. All right, so now the oscillator is modulating our filter cutoff frequency. The crazy thing is that in the world of CV or modular synthesis, control voltage is only an agreed convention. But everything is control voltage in here. Like, I can plug audio into a control voltage socket and that's going to work. And this all is interesting because every single module here will support what is called audio rate modulation. But normal synthesizers have a limit to how often they can change certain parameters. For example, in Zenith SubFX, you can't have a filter cutoff move, you know, 15,000, like have 20 or 10,000 oscillations per second. You can go up to like a hundred times a second, so 100 Hertz, but you can go much higher. And this is where we go from low frequency oscillator, which I believe the definition is an oscillator that operates in frequencies that are below human range of hearing, but the LFOs often are still very useful in the range of, you know, 100 Hertz even or 200 Hertz. But in CV, yeah, this is a low frequency oscillator. I enable the slow mode. That's 18 Hertz, 40 to 6. 100 Hertz. And I can disable slow and this is going to be 13 kilohertz and still works. There is also, it sounds a bit weird though, there is also an FM input. I wonder what happens if we use that instead. Yeah, so you see FM is really just a convenience because we could do the same thing otherwise, but the FM input is a very convenient thing because we can plug our output from our LFO not through this amplifier. We can plug it directly into FM and here we can control the amount of influence that it's going to have on the frequency. So now our frequency is controlled by something, could be controlled by an envelope. Okay, where is an envelope? Here's an envelope. Let's go and control the frequency with an envelope as well. And we can have FM going at the same time. Playing a violin on that low note now. All right, interesting things. Let's see and try to mangle this more. What do we have? What is Terraform? Oh, Dexter. Okay, Dexter is a Dexter is a FM synthesizer. It's a single module, but really it's like a whole bunch of modules. But I think the cool thing is that you can, like it's a bunch of modules, but you can route things between them completely manually so you can decide exactly what you want to do. Cord. What is that? Is this polyphonic? I didn't figure out yet how to make polyphonic synthesizers. Like for now, everything I do is monophonic. I don't know how to make polyphony work. There is probably some option, but I don't know how to do that. I saw some videos about how to do this in VCP Rack, but it doesn't work the same way in Cardinal. Is it enabling it? Wow. Okay, we have that. All right, maybe let's not go with this one. A very known common effect in synthesizers is glissando or portamento, and this is achieved by something with something called slew limiter. Let's try and search for slew limiter. Nice. I have trouble typing because Arthur intercepts some of the keystrokes and others. Okay, so we have a bunch of slew limiters. Bog Audio has a slew limiter. Let's use that. All right, so let me make some room for that module. Okay, a bit more. Oh, can I push it? Okay, there you go. Okay, now if we go and put voltage per octave into input here and an output feed to voltage per octave where it was before, you can hear that our pitch is now ramping up and down. If we increase the time, now we have almost five seconds of time. By the way, I think our frequency is a bit too much. I'm going to put it into the amplifier and use it to, yeah. The cool thing is we can now have something else modulate the amount of modulation. All right, so we have slew limiter. Slew limiter makes the voltage changes limits the rate at which voltage change can happen. So before, when we had our notes, our voltage per octave, voltage going from high to low instantaneously, now we can determine how long it's going to take for it to rise. I wonder if this is like an octave, so it like double the voltage and fall is determined differently. So we can have things take slow to rise, but instantaneous to fall or the other way around. We can be instantaneous to rise, but so to fall. I think that's a pretty funny effect. Fun. Okay, let's try and maybe incorporate this a bit into that piece I have here. Okay, I'm making this a regular. All right, let's do it like that. Okay, I'm going to pause it. The transport didn't stop. Stop. Let's synthesize farts with Cardinal, says B Music. Yeah, I want to give this some stereo action and also like mess it up more. Let's see what does analog, sorry, audible instruments have in star. However, there is some other, like there is a hecton of different modules. For example, there are child DSP modules. Do they go with stereo though? Because it seems like most of them do mono. Oh, there is chorus. I want a chorus. Okay. So I'm feeding out the low pass, sorry, the bands pass. I'm going to go with input and I'm going to feed output left and output right. It's better getting a bit loud. I'm going to turn it down by 12 decibels. All right, that's too much. Six. What's up with the flashy thingy? I would like to have something I can modulate more. By the way, there are also modules that are based on air windows plugins and they are called rack windows. And you may recognize some of them or more or all of them. For example, there's console where you can have an emulation of analog summing. I don't know, there is also tape. What do we have here? What was called rasp, the edger, high frequency tamer, acceleration limiter. Let's try that.  Input. Oh, that's the input. Okay, band pass input, limit output, clamp output. Okay, I want to limit. I think we need some reverb. Let's go maybe a phaser or flanger. Okay, I'm searching in rack windows. Oh, what is that? Okay, it's a blank panel. All right. Sure. Maybe let's just look around and see what we can do. What is that? Fixed filter bank. Oh, okay, let's do that. So I want my chorus to be at the end because it adds stereo and nothing else gives me stereo. Let's go input to our fixed filter bank. Okay, there's odd and even and all. Okay, let's go all filters. Frequency. All right, we can create formants here. Let's get something to modulate that for us. I'm going to copy, duplicate this oscillator from bog audio and I'm going to make it slow, send output to this. Maybe add a spectrum analyzer. Yeah, that could be good. I'm going to see, maybe I'm going to go with calf analyzer because it has also a vector scope. I'm going to put this one on bottom. Okay, it's going to be a little bit difficult. Will that work? I think it will. There's a really interesting module from Chao, the SP that is called Chao RNN, simple recurrent neural network. And if you give it four inputs and it gives you an output based on a randomized neural network structure that is created inside, I would love to do that. But when I tried it, it crashes everything. So don't hit the randomize button.  This module is useless for now. There's some weird things going on in the chat. What are you doing guys? I'm going to use the plateau reverb. Oh, wait, there is also a reverb from rack windows. Rack windows. MV, dual mono reverb. Let's see. Oh, it has left and right inputs. Good. So I'm going to plug the outputs. So this goes to our system output. And now I'm going to connect this here. Nice. Okay, I'm really glad I've done this. And we have four control voltages that we can use. I also like the design of this visual design. Okay. We got some interesting stuff going on. Let's, oh no. Oh no. Let's go back to our sequence and see how that sounds together. I'm going to call this ambience two. I've been recently playing some Fallout New Vegas. And I think this kind of fits the vibe of exploring a dilapidated building. Shabs asks, are all sounds from Cardinal? Yes. 100% except for some limiting. Like the only thing that is not Cardinal in this project is X42 DPL and Calflim analyzer. Yes, all sounds are made with Cardinal. And the cool thing is, because Cardinal is self-contained, I can very easily share my patches. And it's going to sound the same on your side, which is difficult to do when you're using, well, if you would be using Rack Pro, then it would only sound the same if you had all the same modules purchased, I guess. So yeah, it's like not, this is where, yeah. I see you have some weird discussions about languages and what's going on in here. All right, let's try and make something else. Do you have any ideas of what we could try? Like what modules I should test, et cetera. What's the state of pipe wire currently? Well, I'm using it right now. So I guess it is operational. That is the state of pipe wire. Let's try and find some interesting things. I saw some interesting oscillators and audible instruments. Let's try that. What is that? Model synthesizer. Sure. Let's give it voltage, volts per octave. Let's give it out. And I get it also needs gate. Why does it, why is it pan weird? Why is it like pan to the left even though I'm going to just plug the left output? Okay, what is that? Alpha, you can sort modules by random. What about blow? Oh my goodness, this is a physical modeling set. That's so cool. Bow. That's so cool. What about the stereo output? Okay, it's strange. It outputs the, it outputs the exciting signal in the right channel. So how does this work is by creating resonant filters that are tuned to musical frequencies. And there's also FM. Oh, FM. Okay, let's go with a macro oscillator. And I'm going to control drag to get another voltage per octave. Trigger is going to reset the waveform. Okay, let's do that. And now I've got output to FM. Where can I make it do something? It doesn't seem to. Oh, there's the FM. Okay. Okay. Okay. Give me a, what about using something else? If we right click on this display, I can go to model and this select one of many, many modes for this macro oscillator. It's pretty crazy how much different modes there are like for guys, just this single freaking module. I think I could explore it for days. What is sauce warm? WTFM? What is WTFM? Operator face modulator with chaotic feedback. All right. Sure. Wow. Triple sine wave. Geometry of the resonator. Hmm. I would like to have an envelope generator tweaking that for me. So let's go with a DSR. Bog audio. A DSR is very nice because it's small. It's simple. It does the job. For now, I don't need anything more complex. Okay. Output goes to geometry. WTF mode. Yes. I think I recall the macro oscillator is based on a set of fixed wavetables. Is that correct? I don't think it's just wavetables because it has multiple, like if these are wavetables, they would have to be like at least two dimensional because we have the timber and we have the color. I think it's more of a specific algorithms. Sounds like a dying android. What about a lower note? Oh my goodness. It's so bad. If I disable the voltage product, I like this. What is flow? Timber of the bow. It sounds like a band pass of the exciting signal. Ah, we're not using blow. But we could be. Let's get loud. I love the lower notes because it sounds like there's a square wave like component. The bow or blow, somehow it creates this interesting space. Oh, there's a reverb in this. What if I go? Yeah, but I would like to not have the excited signal in the right channel. If that would be the case, that would be awesome. I would love to have this reverb. But as it stands, I need to add my own. Let's try and find reverb. Maybe we can find some interesting other reverbs. Hmm, the verb. Oh, I know that one. Chow FDN. Feedback delay network reverb. Okay, let's try that. Let's hope this Chow module doesn't crash as well. I'm going to save my session, by the way. There we go. All right, let's feed our output. Into here. Oh, but it's mono. I can copy it, though. And have it be stereo that way. Where is my output coming from? Oh, here. There you go. And we have stereo reverb. Nice. Okay, let's sequence a note. We can call this one Dying Android. Oh, nice. That sounds like a charging, like a charging capacitor or something. Like a charging energy weapon. Dreamer says, you're not even picking the right output, Noob. I think you didn't see, I think you've just joined the stream and you didn't see why. Because the right output doesn't give me the signal I want. It gives me the exciting signal and it's useless for me. That's why I stereo-fi it with a reverb, or whatever, dual mono reverb. Not use the stereo output because it's not doing what I would expect it to do. Let's try a very low note here. Let's see what happens. Dreamer says, well, waiting for some musical sounds so I'm not paying attention. Huh. Wait, are my notes gone here? What the? Oh, yeah, these just got wrecked.  I hate when Arturo does that.  Okay, we can, I can try and make something melodic, but I really wanted to just explore the possibilities of sound design with this. Under MIDI, Gert Barz says, I guess you've missed my earlier remark about using polyphony in Cardinal. Right click on the Cardinal host MIDI module. Oh, polyphony chat. Ah, okay, all right. Thank you. Let's go. Four channels of polyphony. Also, host audio. DC blocker, okay. I wish there was also an option to change the sampling rate because doing like running the entire Cardinal rack at a higher sample rate would be great for avoiding any aliasing. All right, let's try and make something melodic for once. I'm exploring audible instruments. Model synthesizer is really cool. Texture synthesizer. Title modulator. I don't know what that is. Random sampler. Keyframer mixer. Okay, weird resonator. Let's go with macro oscillator 2. I haven't used it yet. Let's give it false per octave. It takes trigger. Okay, I guess for resetting. Let's give us a quad VCA. Let's give us an ADSR envelope. This one is great. Okay, so gate goes to envelope generator. Output goes to CV input. Output goes to here. Output goes to there. Ah, needs to add chain. Okay, I don't seem to be able to do polyphony. Maybe low CPU. Okay, maybe there needs to be a polyphonic. This only works for poly modules, of course. All right, how do I know if a module is polyphonic? Maybe I can find like, maybe there's a tag called polyphonic. Oh yeah, there is. All right, let's see what our polyphonic module is then. So we can build our synth with that. Okay, macro oscillator 2 is polyphonic. Great. Multiple. It seems I need an envelope generator. That is going to be polyphonic. Okay, BGA are polyphonic. So what isn't polyphonic here? Because it seems like everything here is polyphonic. Quad VCA isn't polyphonic. Yay, quad VCA isn't polyphonic. All right, maybe multiples then. I'm going to zoom in. Okay, so in, out, one divided by three. Okay, I think this doesn't do what I thought it does. Oh, multiples. Okay, I need a freaking amplifier. Just give me something polyphonic. Okay. A polyphonic amplifier. VCA. Great. That's what I wanted. All right, nice. Now, output goes to input. Output goes to CV. Output goes to output. Yay. We can play chords now. I don't know why left is not duplicated to right. Oh, you hear it only in the left channel. What's going on? I think something must have, oh, okay, my panning got, somehow I may change the panning. Perok says maybe you need a polyphonic summing module. Yeah. You can also split merge polysignals, says Dreamer. What does that mean? Splitting polymonosignals? I don't know what you're talking about. Fishy Pugbra says, I think you need a module that combines the poly audio cable into a monocable. Okay, but I've already solved that. I just needed all the outputs. Left is mono and duplicates to right. Yeah, it does. I just had the panning in my track in hardware somehow swept, like pushed all the way to the left. I don't know why. All right, we can play some chords now. Oh, I think the UI stopped. All right, I think I know what's happening. I need to disable and enable compositing for a while. Yeah, it's back to back to working. What is that? Pitched models. Okay, nice. It's very quiet, though. I think I need to app something. Oh, this is dual, by the way. I need to tweak the levels. Maybe here. Oh, I like that. I want to know a foe for this. Maybe I can just use the envelope. Dreamer says, if I use the S merge, S plort. S plort? Is that a thing? Modules from area to split combine polyphony cables. Okay, I'm gonna see what is splort. Splort exists. What does splort do? 16 channels, polyphony split with optional linkable sort mode. Oh, hey, that's cool. What about smurge? Smurge. It's called smurge. Oh, no, smurge. Okay, these are different. My goodness. So many modules. I think one can really get lost in all of that. Okay, smurge, poly output. Okay, so that will take polyphonic inputs and give me a polyphonic output. I am not sure what that does. I haven't wrapped my head around polyphonic cables, because that's clearly an invention of the digital domain of VCV, of Eurorack or anything, because you can't push more signals through a one wire, basically. Torgalos says, I believe four poly makes four copies of each plugged module, which is why it's good for CPU usage to merge them at some point, for example, before reverb filtering. Ah, okay. Yeah, of course. Right, if I don't need to process every single voice separately for reverb, and I don't, unless I want to, like, do some very weird things. The cool thing about modular synthesis like that is that I can, I can process every single voice separately through a reverb and, like, I don't know. I don't know why, but I could do that. Like, I could process every single voice through reverb and then, like, distort it without having intermodulation distortion going on because I'm playing multiple notes. And that also would let me finally do a proper, like, road synthesizer, because their distortion in roads happens on the individual coils for each note, and not later in the chain. And all the roads or electric piano patches I made are always applying the distortion after all the voices are summed, because no synthesizer allows me to do it differently, unless I would do it in, like, vitalium with a wavetable, where the wavetable would simulate distortion. Yeah, but here we can do it, like, for reels. Crazy. Okay, I don't know how to do this, so I think I need spl- no. Swerge. Dual 4-channels single 8-channel polyphonic merge optional sort mode. Splerge. Awesome names. 4-channels polyphonic split and merge with optional sort mode. I have no idea how to use that, so I'm not going to right now. You need a sum module, okay? Sum? Sum's BGA? What is that? Arithmetic logic. Not really what I was looking for. A subpar ring modulator. Why would you want to make a subpar? A subpar distortion and bit cruncher. Why would you want to make a subpar unless it's ironic? Like, clearly broken software. Dreamer says, does anyone know what ANFAS wants to do even? Nobody knows. All right, let's see what we have here. Oh, currently we have nothing, because I- I didn't. Yes, what I want to do is we want to make some interesting dark ambient. Oh, hello, Chris. Chris from AirWindows is here. Nice. Have you seen I- did you know that your plugins have been turned into modules here? They're called rack windows. Micro-delayable crossfader. That sounds interesting. I remember I was using Interstage. Interstage has a nice effect if you, like, push things hard through it.  So it makes things less harsh. It's nice on hi-hats and snares, but you need to push signals hard into it to achieve that. I'm gonna search for an amp. Ah, all 10. Okay. So let's get input. Let's get output here and output to host. Now I can turn down, turn this up. Oh, we just get six decibels of gain. That's not enough. I think I need a different module, but for now I can just daisy chain these amplifiers. It's hard to AB compare things in the rack. I would need to probably I'll probably need to set up something. Airwindows says it's a couple of things. It's a tone shaper. Even interstage. I wish it had a gain control, you know, because I always, always need to use a preamplifier to get it to saturate how I like. If it had like a gain or drive control, drive and I don't know, something to preamplify and then attenuate afterwards. That would be awesome. I would love an interstage too. That would have extra controls. All right. I think I want to add some reverb and I think I would use the rack windows. Oh, I need, oh, wait. If I want to do anything, are these polyphonic? That's the question. I think they are because this cable is polyphonic. Okay, four. Okay, nice. Let's see. All right. Airwindows says, by the way, anyone watching, redownload the Linux VST or Retro Mac or any Windows VST zips from my site or media fire. Everything is now updated for better CPU only signed Mac left to do. Ah, okay. Nice. So Airwindows plugins got some optimizations going on. Nice. What even is this? So as you can see, you can get lost in VCV rack. 21 kilohertz. Anti-aliased chaotic sync voltage controlled oscillator. CPU friendly voltage control oscillator with poly bleep blamp anti-aliased anti-aliasing. Anti-aliasing is nice. Polyphonic module for modifying the voltage product of signals by transposition and inversion. Oh, that's interesting. Airwindows says, my stream from just now knows. Now you know. And they all have a sneak peek of tonight's plugins of tonight's plugin, Dirt. Oh, Dirt, the idea of sound from a speaker being like through a window glare color, etc. So Airwindow means nothing in the way. Oh, fishy pug bruh asks, do you have Shapr incarnal? It's distortion. Let's see. Shapr. Multi-stage envelope generator. Okay. Nice. Razor. A symmetrical voltage processor. Looking for a wave shaper. Full scope. Snare n. Snare drum kit based on innovation drum station. Shapr. Multi-lay tool. Harbor block wave shaper. Okay, let's go with that. Head trick. Whatever that means. Oh, you know what? I'm going to push that into Shapr and push output into interstage. Wave shaping amount. Yay. What if we go without interstage? I don't think I can hear a difference. We're not saturated enough. Range. What about low notes? Okay, I'm turning the wrong thing. I wonder if we can do feedback loops. Homebee Bearcat says, I saw you on an issue opened a few months ago about Beespoke Symphony 2. Just in case you still use the software, there's a build flag enabling VST2 hosting, meaning you can just use Karla. Oh, nice. Okay, yeah. One time I saw I was able to use Karla in Beespoke Symphony and I know some people did and then I installed some other version and it didn't have that. Airwindows also says, yep, it's the soft clip version of Edge. Same controls, lower gain, smoother. Okay, I don't know what is. Dirt? I love the ANFA crew so we can hear about this before I have an actual plugin release because you're special. We love you too, Chris. A hat trick or hat trick is the achievement of a generally positive feat three times in a match or another achievement based on the number three. I see why hats are have anything to do with number three. Hmm. I would like to do something very weird. I want to go with some delays. Trigger to gate converter with delay. I don't know what that is. Chainable master clock with swing, clock delay and pulse width. Whoa, nice. I want delay. Trigger to gate converter? No. Simple delay assigned for triggers and RCVs. Simple delay designed for triggers and RCVs. All right. Okay, guys. Can I make a feedback loop and VCV rack or is it going to burn? Because I want to make a feedback loop. I know if I want to have a feedback loop that's not going to get out of hand, I need to attenuate the signal between. I think it should work. Also, I think I'm going to disable the polyphony because I really don't think I'm going to use it. It's good to know it. It's there. Anfa, can you right click a parameter and enter values in cardinal? Yes, you can right click and type in a value. All right, let's go make feedback loop. So here we go with the delay. Then we go into amplifier. And now we need to sum the inputs. Oh, I need a mixer. Oh, base. Okay, mixer. I don't need an amplifier. I need a mixer. That's already going to give me the amplification. Okay, so for a feedback loop, we have the delay. Dreamer says, I want to see you make some drum sequences based on order transport using host time module. Oh, sure. That would be nice. Do you think I can crash cardinal making a feedback loop or is that allowed? I hope it's allowed because feedback loops are really fun. Okay, so I need the output to go into the input. This needs to go into the input as well. And we need channel gain. Okay, does it mean it's going to be attenuated? Let's hope so. Okay, I think these are summed together because these arrow point down. So I guess, and now if I feed output of, ah, because, but I'm still not outputting anything to my speakers. Channel one mode, attenuverter, attenuator, attenuator, please. Okay, something is happening, but it's not what I want. One sample latency. Feedback loops are allowed. That's great. I can't mix things. So I need a mixer. Six channel mixer. Yes. Oh my goodness. That's an overkill, but whatever. I want a feedback loop. All right, let's do this. I think you need a signal merge for this. What's a merge? Oh, let's see. Merge. There's something called meld. Eight track stereo merge for mixpaster. Pre-post VCA. Merge eight. Eight channel polyphonic merge. I don't think that's merge. Four channel polyphonic merge in split. I think I need a mixer. Ah, okay. Repulsion mixer. Repulsion? Is that one? Six channel mixer. Okay, let's go. Whatever. This is also six channel. It's a bit smaller. Nice. Okay. Inputs. All right. Inputs. So I want interstage. All right. This thing is not doing what I want. Goodbye. Left audio output. Let's put it here, and I'm going to put it here as well. Master. Negative 30. Okay. All right. All right. But I'm not feeding that into into shubadabadi. Okay. This is dangerous. We have feedback. Okay. Oh my goodness. That's so cool. We have an actual feedback loop. Sweet. And what we can also do is like apply EQ. All right. Okay. Okay. That's very easy to burn. It's very easy. Any kind of gain creates a runaway reaction. And there's also sands and stuff. Nice. Okay. We can make it a bit of a delay. Time CV input. Okay. We can modulate the time. What if we modulate time with the output of the mixer? Oh my goodness. Okay. What we need to control the amount of CV. Okay. There is no amplifier here. I'm going to use send outputs. Hey, that's great. I mean, yeah, it doesn't sound very good. What if we increase the timescale? I think we're sending too much. If we filtered, if we low pass that. I think we need a low pass. Give me a filter. You see, a cool thing is we can use the same processes to affect our control voltage. Yeah. Give me a low pass for that's better. You know, so we can resonate. What about larger timescale? Cocoa not 2.0. This is weird. Weird, but cool. What if I send this again to another delay? This time a fixed one. And put that into the feedback loop as well. All right. I see. I get it. We cut those highs a little bit. What about a high note? Sweet. Perfect. Let's create some sequence for that. I would like to add some stereo delay to that. Is it really that hard to get feedback delay network reverb? But I want a delay. Is it really that hard to just have a delay? Hey, maybe I should use my delays here. Okay, I have a delay. Seven, nine percent CPU usage 10. The ping pong delay is good when we're feedback. Where's ping pong delay? Ping. This one? I guess so. All right. Let's use that as well. Well, I want to have more delays. Let's put that into the input. Where is the input? Output. All right. Left. I think I need to split that. And now outputs. Nice. Filter type. Low pass. Band pass. Feedback. Left to left. Right to right. This feedback is getting out of hand. Can I modulate the delays with CV? Because they are sound really cool. I wish I could modulate the delay times with control voltage. I like this. I think it's time for us to move on to music submissions, you know? Let's just hear this one more time. And we're going to move there. Sorry. We have a little bit of delay. Alrighty. Here's some dark ambient we've made. I'm going to close this. It's time. Here, it wasn't a crash. It was... Oh, I messed up this transition. It wasn't a crash. It was me closing order. Alrighty. Welcome to the music submission playback time. Three, two, one, go. We're kicking it off with a track titled Hotel Room Preview Edit by Sahativa. And this was made with B-Spoke Synth and Ardor 6.7. They also write another live jam recorded in a hotel room away from home using a minimalistic setup. One controller, MIDI Akai at one 15 years old, 25 MIDI keyboard, 25 keys MIDI keyboard jamming on B-Spoke Synth stands recorded while jamming and then mixed using Ardor 6.7. I used two beloved synths, Helm and MDA E-Piano via Falk TX Ildale's Bridge. Plus some drum samples from B-Spoke. FX are mainly Dragonfly, Reverb and Tall Dub 3. That's a delay. Plus some Airwindows Galactic Reverb. Mixed using X42 NLSP Salt and Butter. I hope you will enjoy this. Love me some E-Piano. I really like the melodies and chord progression. Nice job Sahativa. A track titled Between 0 and 1 by... Oh my goodness. By... I don't want to pronounce this way wrong. By Faster Key. I hope I pronounced this correctly. This track was made with Ardor, Calf plugins, Airwindows plugins, VCV, Swank Amp, Swanky Amp, Dragonfly Ether. A delicious recipe. They also write... ANFA. Hi. It's a new year. Try new things. I started by painstakingly routing all MIDI and automation control from Ardor into VCV for the synthesis, then routing back the separate audio Ardor channels to break out instruments. Who needs the VST anyway? Oh man, you would really enjoy Cardinal. I hope you will. Once happy with structured melody, recorded it all into Ardor dry, added plugins and guitar after I was done with VCV. I made a quick video here just because it was only pleased with myself and I didn't have time to anyone's doing this yet. Anyway, I continue to enjoy lurking on your Discord. Nice. Thank you. I guess you'll enjoy VCV... Sorry, Cardinal. So you don't need to do so much routing. Ardor Mind says, kind of sing for AV. I would also like to appreciate the music a bit louder. Is that better? Sadeva says, I really love Ether, but it's hitting my CPU too hard. Yeah, Ether is really heavy. I can lower my mic. So here is a track titled FAQ by Danf. I shouldn't have the music as much now. So that was FAQ by Danf. Now, a track titled, How Loud Is Loud? by David Martinez Martinez. Ardor's name is David creates awful music. Ardor is an answer to FX, Serge XT, tall noisemaker on Debian testing. And they also write, started composing in November 2021 and self-studying to make music for myself, for my own streams on Twitch. In the end, I stopped streaming and only making music. I must say that if you've been doing this just for four months, five months, then that is really good for this short time. And I'm impressed if this is only six months of redoing this or five. Mark Forest says, I can't see how many decibels you reduce the track by. This track, five decibels. I'm using replay gain and mix. The track is a little repetitive, but there's a lot of interesting things going on. So the same theme going throughout the whole thing. It would be good if you would, like, find a different theme that would nicely come flat and minimalistic. It doesn't sound horribly disharmonic and that already is great for progression here, especially for such a short period of time learning. That's, I think, that's a great start. Keep going. So that was How Loud is Loud by David Makes Bad Music or something. And now a track titled TBA, so to be announced, Transwave Preview by Advent Tuner. This track was made with FNMMS, Surge, Lin Drum TR909, or Chestra Hip Samples. They also write Transwave, Transmix with Simway. Let's try it out. It feels like it's slowing down here, but it's not. The beats are even all the time. Classic Trans breakdowns, love them. Alrighty, that was to be announced, so an unknown title yet, Transwave by Advent Tuner. And now a track titled Dating Met an Artist, I don't know if I'm pronouncing this right, by Lemon8. Home Noisemaker, Tull Vocoder, Renoise on the list. Oh no, it was made in Renoise. Renoise isn't FOSS. Even with Auto-Cow Anti-Sture can't sing. I need some singers and writer, but nobody I know are able to. So I drink some beer, write something down and try to come as close as possible to the notes. I think it did a pretty good job. It has a recognizable melody. So alcohol doesn't help your vocal chords. It makes them swell and that can make you hurt yourself. So don't sing after your drunkard. At least if you're doing this a lot, you need to work. Oh, Lemon8 is here with us, because Renoise is a tracker on the way for me to make music. That makes sense. But we have open source trackers as well. There is a radio, for example. A community has been discovering and appreciating radio artists as open source Renoise went. Alrighty, that was Dating Met in Artist, I don't know if I'm pronouncing it right. No idea, by Lemon8. And now a track titled Garden of Centers by Arc Forest. You see that are not occupied by the vocals so that they don't clash. And also I think you need to use a de-esser on vocals badly. Stay tuned for my next tutorial. It's gonna be about the best. I've been making it for a long time, but things happened. Like, war! So that was Garden of Centers by Arc Forest. And now Carapace by Quantizer. Oh, by the way, Garden of Centers was made of Ardor. Carapace was made of LMS, is an aspect of vital audacity and cult plugins. The bass, maybe? I'd really love to get the stems and try to remix it for you to improve the mix and give it more punch. It's getting a little bit repetitive by this point, but if this is intended for, you know, dance lord and um, that's what you expect it. There is one last repetition done in the previous tracks by Quantizer. It's improving! Nice. Always happy to hear more drum and bass on this show, because I love drum and bass. I'm a drum and bass junkie. So that was Carapace by Quantizer. And now let's hear OV Velocity X. Here as well! Nice. It wasn't too long. I mean, it was on the edge of being too long, but it didn't cross it, I think. So now we have a very nice quiet breakdown to recover after this madness. Oh my goodness, this pose is like that. My favorite elements from Dubstep and Complex Strobe. It is, I would say it's Complex Strobe, not in Dubstep. Well no, that drop was Dubstep. I like the halftime. I've got a piano part now. Wow. So that was Velocity X by OV. Nice. Really cool. And now a track titled Lekka Lekka by MiloFi. MiloFi was made with zero rhythm, drops and lunges too. I wonder where did all the synth sounds come from? Could you give us some insight? Oh MiloFi. So silly. It was just a joke we've made in the chat. And oh, MiloFi says, and Vitaly. Okay, now we know where all the sounds come from. Right, that was Lekka Lekka by MiloFi. And now a track titled Rising by Xavier Treningovsky. And this is the last one for today. This one is in full stereo. That's cool. And it just ends like that. Okay, that's all for today. Thank you so much for joining me on this monthly live stream. By the way, I missed the TransWolf track. What? I missed the TransWolvy track? Okay, wait a minute. We're coming back. We're playing TransWolvy track. Okay, once again. So this is Life, Life by TransWolvy. I really missed it? Or I just... Okay, no, I didn't. I didn't miss it. I did miss it. Okay, thanks for letting me know.  And it would also be okay. Sorry for that. Oh, here we are. This track was made with LMS, the nuts of effects. They also write, pumping some positive energy with some late 2000s trans slash rave, I don't know, whatever. Trying, at least. P.S., it's pronounced TransWol... TransWolf. Without E at the end. Oh, okay. TransWolf. Okay, I stand corrected. So in the end, we get someone. Sick trans for the finale. This track is a terror core remake. Thank you all for joining me this live stream. I hope you're all well. I especially hope everyone on the Ukraine and Russia is holding on well. I really hope the war is gonna be over really soon and we won't have to worry about a fallout becoming canon in the true, authentic timeline of this universe. Yeah. Oh yeah, that's it. Stay tuned for the the best tutorial from me coming up shortly next week. Arkforist says, everyone always forgets Belarus. Yeah, there is that. It's difficult. I don't want to go into politics. I just, you know, I live in Poland and Ukraine is very close to me.  Andrej Vitula says, bunkers have nice room though. Yeah. Sure. Oh yeah, I'm gonna try to locate the nearest nuclear vault where I can relocate my studio. Yeah. All right. Thank you so much for joining me. Thanks to everyone who has submitted their music. Um, if you haven't submitted any music yet, please go do that because I have nothing to play the next month and the stage is yours. So use it, make something cool with open source software, submit it. The link to the submission form is in the description of every live stream archive and every of my recent videos. Also, I want to thank everyone who is supporting my work financially. Thanks to the people like that. I can dedicate time to make these live streams to make videos. And this is a part time job for me. Hopefully one day it's going to be full time job, but for now it's a part time job. That's still awesome. And if anybody watching right now would like to help me keep doing this, then you can go to patreon.com slash ANFA or to liberapay.com slash ANFA and you can donate. You can pledge in and like donate even a dollar a month that goes away goes a long way. And if you would like to meet other people using free and open source software to do music production, then go and check out my chat, my community chat. So chat.anfa.xyz You will find there is discord and also rocket chat, whichever you want, whichever you prefer. If you go to this address, you will find a whole page. You can read all about it. See you there. Now go get cardinal and make some control voltage music.


Hi there, welcome back to my YouTube channel. This is Daniel Rosal. I want to do a quick video here just to wrap up the week for the people using Ubuntu and using Android. Now they tend to go hand-in-hand because Android is after all a fork of Linux and if you are connecting your Android smartphone or tablet to your Ubuntu based computer a few times a week then You may have found like I did that the stability of the connection Kind of varies depending on the connection protocol that you use now You can just very quickly change that by just tapping on your phone or if you're doing something like what I'm doing right now And mirroring it to your computer you can also manipulate the phone that way But it's more effective to set a default setting On the phone and you can do that pretty easily and the purpose of this video is just to show you guys How to do that so I'm speaking of connectivity protocols I connect my phone a few times a week almost always with the single purpose of taking the videos and Pictures I've shot on my phone and getting those down on my on my computer And I sometimes edit those into videos for this YouTube channel So if that's all you're doing I found PTP to be the most reliable connection protocol that will expose in your file system just the Video folders the the ones that are relevant for containing that and I'm just going to show you my Screen here for a second and you can see I've got this phone mounted here to the file system on the computer and I can go into camera and all the different camera applications Open camera quick video recorder that I have on my phone are Accessible and in camera. I've got a couple of jpegs and about 10 Videos I was just shooting some clips earlier So that's very effective and it's quicker than jumping through the whole file system Just to get into the same few folders every time. So that's why I like PTP As you can see it only shows you those photos those folders containing your media So if you want to get to other parts of the file system file systems want to go for there's a nice one called tethering and I've done videos on using the phones connection as a hotspot with your computer and if you're every single time you Connect your phone. You're using it for tethering then it would make sense to set that as default So here's what to do the prerequisite here is that you need to have developer options open on Enabled on your phone. All right, so I'm just trying to Yes, I'm getting I'm getting confused. I'm clicking on OBS and not in the actual phone. Okay, so here's my phone connected to my computer and Dev developer options are opened and you're gonna get two notifications when you hook up your phone via USB One of them says PTP via USB is turned on that's because it's my default option tap for more options and This is just a very quick way to change the connection method. I'm not gonna do that because it will break the Emulator and I won't be able to show you guys what I'm doing But you would just click here if you wanted to get out of PTP and go into file transfer to To get access to the whole file system. That's what you do But the one you do want to click on is is this one here It says USB debugging connected trap to turn off USB debugging. Don't worry about it I'm tapping on my emulator and everything is is cool. I'm not you know Nothing nothing stopped working now. This is developer options and you're gonna have a long list of options here But in debugging I have USB Debugging turned on but that's not the important feature It's under networking and you've won here called default USB Configuration and this is where you do the setting So it basically looks almost the same as the first option that we saw there For changing the connection method just for this session But the difference is that this will set the default and it works really well every time I connect my Phone now to my Ubuntu Linux computer using USB. It's going into PTP mode I don't have to there's MTP will show up when you're using the file system I just get a different sort of mount and I just can jump straight into my camera folders and download those So I hope this video has been useful if you are using Ubuntu Linux and Android And you're frequently connecting your phone to your computer and you want to just quickly grab those photos and videos and Go then this method works It's going to save yourself a bit of time to choose a default connection method and PTP I find works quickest for just grabbing photos and videos off the phone


Govna Yahya Bolo and the Social Democratic Party candidate, Murtala Ajaka, is in a tough battle over Kogi State elections and court's grand fractional Labour Party in the most state's right to contest in the upcoming elections. This is cross politics, I'm Mary Anna Compton. The political tussle between the Kogi State, Govna Yahya Bolo and the Social Democratic Party SDP candidate, Alhaji Murtala Yahya Kubu Ajaka, is taking a new twist as the electorates get prepared for the November 11 Govnorship election. The election, which is less than 150 days away, is already generating tension. The National Working Committee of the Social Democratic Party SDP calls on Nigeria's President Balatinebo to investigate the recent attack on its Govnorship candidate, Mr. Murtala Ajaka. Nigeria's Electoral Body, the Independent National Electoral Commission, has shadowed to hold the Govnorship election of the Kogi State, of Kogi State, I beg your pardon, on the 11th of November 2023. Joining us live to discuss this is Rufus Ayeneba. He is the National Publicity Secretary of the Social Democratic Party SDP. Thank you so much, Mr. Ayeneba, for joining us. Good evening. Thank you. Great. Let's go straight to it. Most recent about the Kogi State elections is the fact that a story was put out talking about the attack on your humanitarian candidate. Let's talk about that briefly before we go into other things. What exactly do you as a party spokesperson, what do you think would have precipitated or could have allowed for such an attack to happen? Is Kogi State known for these kinds of political violence? Has it ever been the case? I thank you for bringing this to the table. We have a Govnorship election in Kogi State, which I shall do for November 11th, and we have 18 political parties participating. The SDP happens to be one of the front-line political parties in the race, with Alhaji Murta-lai, Yakubo Ajaka as the SDP candidate. Prior to this time, prior to the time he became a candidate, he was actually a member of the ruling party, and they had their issues there, the internal contradictions and all of that. When he moved to the SDP, where he was able to get the kind of ambience needed for the democratic process, a long playground for everyone, for everybody to be shot up on the ground of sentiments of ethnicity, race, religion or whatever, or class. So the party provided the platform and he contested the parameters and got the ticket and was nominated, valiantly nominated by the party. But the truth of the matter is ever since he became the candidate of the party, obviously the ruling party in the state recognized the fact that he is a major threat to, that is a candidate to beat. And that is what accounts for all the attacks on him and all the shenanigans going on in the state. So you just literally played into my next question because I was going to ask, as he has obviously been a member of the ruling party before now, and then cross-capitated into your party, I was going to ask what sort of threat he might pose to the ruling party, again you have mentioned that there are 18 other contestants, why should he be a target? Now the threat that he poses to the ruling party derived from the fact that he was a frontline aspirant to clinch the ticket of that party, but somehow he was manipulated out, he was pundered out of the party and due to his popularity, and if you are popular you are popular, anywhere you get to within the constituency you will be recognized as such. So when he was unable to be allowed to perform his fundamental right of contesting to vote and be voted for, he moved into a place that provides the essential ambience for his democracy. So that is how popular he is, and since he moved in here, he has become the major force, he has become a movement, a big movement in going to this electoral contest for the Duba race in Kogi State. I asked the question that I didn't necessarily get an answer to, so I'm going to rephrase it. At the beginning I said, I do not know Kogi State to be this ruthless when it comes to elections, nor the violence, maybe a few of it would have been recorded in the past elections, the presidential elections, we saw allegedly how the governor of the state excavated a part of the road to stop some contestants from getting across to the other side, but I want to know, why would all of a sudden this election that is kindly contested become so violent? Is Kogi State now gradually becoming a haven for electoral violence? Thank you. There is no denying the fact that the record of Kogi State in elections, the records have not been that pleasant. We recall what happened in 2019, how violence was unleashed on the people, leading to the killing, Christian murder of a woman, a woman, leader in one certain local government in Eastern Central Street, who was linked and killed and bombed alive in her home, and several other residences of violence in the 2019 election. So to say that Kogi has suddenly become a violence, this may not be correct, violence has been associated with Kogi elections, especially the Guba elections, and we recall in 2019 the action against, on our state secretary there, when we had a female presidential candidate in the name of Natasha Kogi, who belongs her to the state secretary, even to the point of beating up of physically, physical assault and several other assaults and intimidation. So we just hope and pray that in 2019 that the attack on our government can happen, they are right there in the process of the INEG chairman and the commissioner of police and all of that. The records are there. So we are not, nothing new, it's just that the dimension is getting so worrisome. It used to be, it used to be the party in power and possibly PDP, but PDP has become, it's back to the background, it's SDP now that is the major focus, because SDP is the major threat to the government of the day. Since you are the spokesperson of the party, let me ask you a very direct question before we go to other issues. Before Ajaka moved from the APC to your party, can you explain to me why your party did not necessarily have a governorship candidate before Ajaka moved? There was a candidate, there was a candidate, we had, you know, the law allows the party to change, there's a window for the change of candidate who had an idea, an idea by the electoral act and all of that. That was what Ajaka explored and became, we had a candidate, but when Ajaka came in, the candidate who was there voluntarily withdrew his candidature and Ajaka, so that was already happened. So it was, primary election was conducted and when Ajaka was to come in, a replacement primary had to be conducted and that was what the process was, so it was not as if there was a vacuum or there was no candidate, we had a ballot in a military candidate before the window of the substitution came in and Ajaka explored that. Let's talk about some of the accusations that Ajaka has levelled against the governor, the sitting governor, Yahya Bello, he has said in our quote, he said, Bello is in the business of framing up political opponents as criminals. Now apparently in a statement signed by the director of communications, Farooq Aoudu, which is of the campaign organization of the Kogi, well he accused the Kogi state government of misinforming the public. Now we obviously know that Governor Yahya Bello is the sitting governor and many would say that whatever comes from the governor's or the governor's spokesperson, everybody would want to believe that that is not fake news but when your candidate says that the public is being misinformed and he's framing his political opponents as criminals, what exactly does this mean? And of course I know that you are from Kogi state, so you'd have a clearer picture of what exactly is happening here. The simple answer to that is when you look at the record, you'll recall that the government of the day in Kogi state, even within its political party, they had cases of people being roped into and being tacked, carers and all of that, for not following a line, doing the bidding of the authorities. The specific point here, the specific example was the case of about 8 or 7 or 8 House of Assembly members of the members of that party that were tacked terrorists and they were suspended even from the house, from sitting until their constituents rose out in strong defense of their integrity and all of that and they had to have turned that and quashed those charges and brought them back. So what we're saying is that it is not a perfect assertion that if you have issues with the government of the day, you could. All Nigeria should recall the traumatic experience of the San Ito Dino Melayem, the government of the day in Kogi in the past, now it is Ajaka that has become the nightmare and so all sorts of profiling, negative profiling is being directed at him. So to say that for our candidate to have declared that if you have issues with the government or with the governor, you will be profiled as a terrorist or whatever, cannot be disputed because it has happened even to his own members in the same party in the past. Eight members of the APC in the House of Assembly were tacked and charged for terrorism or whatever and framed up until they were not free from all of that until people rose in strong defense and the public outcry was overwhelming and they had to remove that tack from them and got them back to the fold. So it is not out of place to say that anybody who is a political opponent who poses a major threat to the government of the day automatically becomes a criminal. It could be tacked just to discredit them and give them a bad name. Let's talk more about the personality of your governorship candidate here. Let's talk about Ajaka and his capability or his ability to deliver. Now you have said rightly that he used to be a member of the All Progressive Congress walking closely with the sitting governor and now of course is a member of the SDP. Why should the average Kogi person look to the SDP for saving or for good governance? I mean those who would swear that the governor of Kogi State has done his best in putting Kogi on the map and there are also others who would say that he's not been able to live up to any of the promises that he's made. Why should your candidate be the one to get the votes? Well it's simple to put on the table. The SDP has a very beautiful, robust manifesto and a relatable history. There's a party that is known for social justice, a party that is harder to serve a common man. It's a pro-people and pro-Nigeria political party. So having Ajaka coming in with his z-dynamism and the energy that he carries is going to run with that manifesto and the andeuro-yogba party and just make life more meaningful for Kogai. All these facetage salaries, all these no pension payments and the amenities, social justice, the people who have not seen for years who began to see a new lease of life. So basically it is just doing the right things and doing justice to deliver it on mandate. It's what it's going to do and then you just agree with me that if we are able to bet a man who has a vision and who has the right mind to do, to unleash the latent potential of the state. Is there a tolerance in agriculture? The human resource that the state has met, Kogai has no business with poverty. Kogai state is bordered with 10 states and what that means is that you have been close to over 40, close to 50 million Nigerians are running to do and that is an age market that you can explore in terms of transportation, in terms of tourism, in terms of even investment opportunities and all of that. And so if you have someone who is willing and who has the right understanding and the right orientation about social development and the right people's investment, who get the state going and removed from the change in narrative of a state that is not just working because the potentials have been lightly out. Finally, for Anadjaka, many people would want to, for those who do not know him before now, what has he done that? He has not, it's not that he's a complete... No, no, no, yes, I know. I know he's been in the political circle but for the other person who wants to know who he is, what has he done that would make people say that, well, we've seen what he's done here and then we can trust him with the state and the affairs of Kogai State. What has he done? Yes, Anadjaka has been in the political system for over 15 years. Don't forget, he was a member of the National Working Committee of the ruling party as the deputy national public secretary of the party for years and sitting at the highest level of decision making of a party. And the record of what he's done in touching lives in Kogai speak value across the territorial districts. So, and this is in his own private capacity. So I want to know if he has a platform of the state, the instrument of power to sit and provide the affairs of the state to administer, to bring creative ideas and creative solutions to challenges as the difference will be felt. Greatly, Kogai, we don't need... We are not looking for any miracle worker. What we need is somebody with a basic understanding of development and the right vision and understanding of right investment in unleashing our potential, getting people inspired, galvanizing the population and attracting... I'm sorry, when you say getting people inspired, I mean, if we're all looking for one of those inspirational people, then we'd probably go on Instagram or go to your pastor for inspiration. Why would you have to vote for somebody who's going to tell us to aspire to... You have to get people galvanized to positive actions to believe in the state, to really even look in the direction of that. A lot of Kogai in that's what I'd add, they don't have any business, they're not even in touch with the state in the last 10, 8 years because the Canadian environment is not there. So, if you have somebody who will make life, who will make a living in Kogai, putting the basic infrastructure in place, they'll get inspired to look in the direction of the state to bring their own contribution in terms of foreign direct investment, in terms of bringing their expertise and network to the table to add value to the development process. That is what I mean by getting people inspired and galvanized. Well, I want to say thank you. Rufus Ayene, I beg your pardon. Thank you so much for joining us and we wish you all the best come November 11th. Thank you. Appreciate it. All right. We'll take a quick break. When we return, we will be discussing the court's approval of the Labour Party faction to participate in the Emo State elections. Stay with us, we'll be right back.