During the spring and summer, many ranches are busy branding. Branding can be a lot of work and take a lot of time, but what is it used for and what are its origins? Branding is the marking of livestock. It dates back to the ancient Egyptians and Romans. Branding became widespread in areas with large expanses of grazing, such as Spain. Branding is now common over much of North America and Australia. Its grazing expanses livestock from different owners frequently become mixed together. Brands provide proof of ownership. Originally, all brands were hot iron brands, heated in a fire. Today, hot irons are heated with electricity, propane, and wood fires. There are also freeze brands where irons are cooled with liquid nitrogen. Freeze brands are common on horses. There are some temporary types of branding, sheep are commonly branded with branding and fluid that resembles a heavy paint. Irons are dipped into the paint and then stamped on the wool of the sheep. Today branding remains an important and vital tool for livestock owners to provide proof of ownership and to help prevent that to valuable livestock. From the University of Wyoming Extension, I'm Barton Stam, Exploring the Nature of Wyoming.


Hi and welcome back. This is week four of the philosophy course and this week we're going to move on to questions of logic and we're going to focus this week on formal logic. Now up to now we've largely just been discussing materialism and different questions related to it, but Marx's philosophy isn't just materialist it's also dialectical materialism and elements of this we have touched upon in previous weeks that is true for example when we discussed the problems of skepticism in bourgeois philosophy and doubt about the existence of an external world I pointed out that that was related partly to problems of thought associated with formal logic with a tendency to sort of isolate different things but we haven't gone into it properly and of course logic is very important to philosophy so it is important that we begin to discuss this and before we discuss dialectical logic we're going to discuss as I said formal logic which Marxism is critical of shall we say and so yeah well let's just start on a discussion of that so logic what is logic for us logic are are laws of thought really or an attempt to describe what the laws of thought are now for materialists these laws of thought are derived from the real laws of the material world the general features of the material world which governs ultimately our thoughts you know for example we can say that there is a logical principle because it's the case that in the real world objects have certain relations or regularities with one another they can't contradict one another or you know certain types of things exist in relations in certain kinds of relations to other things and from these general features we draw certain principles like you know the idea of of different kinds of species for example and that's something must be must belong to one thing and not to another thing this reflects the the the most general features of the material world and if it contradicted it then it would ultimately have to be illogical however for many philosophers especially for formal logicians shall we say logic really has nothing to do with the material world it's merely a set of rules for how we should think irrelevant of what the world is like and for them these rules are sort of self-sufficient they are you know they they only refer to themselves they don't come from anywhere else and they are self-evidence you know like the idea of two plus two equals four and so there's no there's no need to say anything or to prove their origin in the material world for them now for us as I said that is the opposite of the truth and logic is not really a set of rules for thought in the sense of you don't need to have studied logic to be able to think properly because as I said it really reflects the general principles that we have extracted from the world Hegel ironically put this when he said that logic the study of logic no more teaches you how to think than the study of digestion teaches you how to digest you you're still able to digest regardless of whether or not you have studied that formal logic started out as a discipline if you like with Aristotle the ancient Greek philosopher who codified it really into a set of and he was the first one to really sort of propose you know logic has a sort of distinct discipline with a set of rules and so he codified it in a sense and its most famous and sensual rule is the law of non-contradiction and of identity so basically he stated it is that A equals A and does not equal B you know so you can't say that an object doesn't equal itself you can't say that a person is some other person and yet not themselves they can only be themselves and they can't be somebody else and this of course is a very useful although extremely basic and kind of obvious thing to say and our criticism of it is that ultimately is very one-sided and kind of empty really but nevertheless it is an important insight it is based really on the principle of abstraction so human thought really is all about abstraction and what is abstraction well when we abstract something we we isolate certain features of itself we talk about we have the the abstract concept of sharpness right so we find objects that are sharp and we sort of we abstract that characteristic from them and then talk about that as if it exists independently of those of that object and also by abstracting we we we tend to sort of concentrate on a specific object so we might discuss you know a certain species of animal and we concentrate on its features right we we isolate it in a sense and that's what abstraction is all about it's about sort of concentrating on certain things simplifying them and thereby gaining an understanding of them and this is an absolutely vital ability if we we couldn't do this then we wouldn't actually be able to think at all and Lenin says the following he says thoughts proceeding from the concrete to the abstract provided it is correct and of course it's possible to make a false abstraction does not get away from the truth but comes closer to it the abstraction of matter or law of nature the abstraction of value etc in short all scientific or correct abstractions reflect nature more deeply truly and completely from living perception to abstract thoughts and from this to practice such as the dialectical path of the cognition of truth of the cognition of objective reality so for us as Marxists we don't say that this is useless this formal logic which is based on abstraction it is absolutely essential and by abstracting something in a sense you do arrive at a profounder truth then merely you know seeing the thing that is in front of you and treating it as a one-off object you you discover its general properties basically so it's an enormously powerful tool really and that's really the secret to the power of humanity but there is also ultimately a one-sided falseness to abstraction and therefore to formal logic as well both formal logic and abstraction are dangerous for this reason because by tearing something out of its context and concentrating on it and simplifying it we are in a sense saying something that is also untrue on the one hand it is as I've said it's a deeper truth it's also on the same at the same time kind of untrue because of course that feature such as sharpness you know or as Lenin says matter these are never really exist as such and they always exist in a far more complex and changing reality than what our abstraction really is about so yes it allows us to isolate certain details and come to understand them but there's a limit to this it kind of kills the object in a sense it rips it out of its real context in real nature it removes the the sense of fluidity that is true that is real in any given object everything changes everything exists in a complex web of interrelations and abstraction essentially loses this although in a certain sense it also understands it because by giving something a general property like sharpness you are also bringing in relation of course to all other things that are sharp or or things that aren't sharp but nevertheless in the main what you're tending to do is to take things out of their context to concentrate on this object and ignoring its real history and interconnections and dependencies and so the danger of this approach is that we lose you know we can we end up actually misunderstanding the nature of reality and yes so so abstraction by abstracting we categorize things we tend to put things in boxes and say that you know this species is this species and that species is that species and this species has x characteristics right and therefore we are using the law of non-contradiction that I mentioned earlier we are saying that this you know for example how do we describe a given species well we say that x species has y characteristics and therefore if you find that animal that has all of y characteristics then it must be x species and in doing so of course you have gained some very real knowledge but you've also you've sort of compartmentalized the thing you've frozen it so that you don't understand and there's no ability in this way of thinking to understand why that kind of animal came about in the first place where it came from you know you can't understand any of these things and you've you've sort of killed it again so again this is the danger of of formal logic the limitation shall we say of formal logic um now this this this basic principle that it's based upon the law of non-contradiction seems obviously true a a equals a obviously how could it not um but actually is it as true what as it appears well actually it isn't and Hegel pointed this out quite brilliantly before Marx um he pointed out that it's essentially a tautology and a tautology is when you say that something is itself and which is of course what to say a equals a is and the trouble with the tautology is first of all it's kind of empty and unuseless you know if you ask somebody ask you how tall you are and you say well I'm as tall as I am nothing is no real knowledge is gained of course um now if we take an example so we say a dog is a dog which again is a tautology it may appear that we're talking about a dog but actually you haven't said anything whatsoever about a dog or dogs and the only reason that you in discussing this have perhaps a picture of a dog in your mind is because you have experience of dogs this statement saying a dog is a dog doesn't tell you anything about the nature of a dog at all you wouldn't give you a picture of a dog right and so actually not only is it kind of empty but it's actually false in a sense it's nothing really it's not it isn't you're not describing a dog you're not understanding a dog at all um hey describe there's a brilliant passage in in in the logic of his books where he says that uh he takes up the idea of pure existence which is again that really the same thing as saying a dog is a dog since that isn't actually talking about dogs in any real way you're just talking about existence really abstract existence and he points out that this is the same as nothing if you want to talk about anything that is real any actual object any actual thing you have to define it you have to determine it you have to say that it's this and not that you know it's yellow and not red you know it's it's hard it's not soft it's tall and it's not short whatever you're defining it and therefore you're limiting it and you're bringing it in relation to other things you're giving it determinant qualities as hate would say uh but of course these determinant qualities also have to exist in time because let's take the example of being yellow something can only be yellow over time what is it to be yellow it's to reflect uh yellow wavelengths of photons basically wavelengths of light that's why we call something yellow but you can only do that over time it's not something that happens outside of time in a pure instance so any specific quality that something has uh can only exist it can only be expressed in time and therefore through change ultimately therefore everything is always changing and the truth of something is in the fact that it changes um and therefore aid is not equally and i'd like to give a quotation from Trotsky a very famous passage uh from the abc of materials dialectics where he takes up this apparent obvious truth and he says but in reality a is not equal to a this is easy to prove if we observe that these two letters under a lens they're if we observe these two letters under a lens they're quite different from each other but one can object the question is not the size or the form of the letters since they're only symbols but um for symbols for equal quantities for instance a pound of sugar the objection is beside the point in reality a pound of sugar is never equal to a pound of sugar a more delicate scale will always disclose a difference but again one can object a pound of sugar is equal to itself neither is this true though all bodies change uninterruptedly in size weights color etc they're never equal to themselves a sophist will respond that a pound of sugar is equal to itself at any given moment aside from the extremely dubious practical value of this axiom it does not withstand theoretical criticism either how should we really conceive the word moment if it is an infinitesimal interval of time then a pound of sugar is subjected during the course of that moment to inevitable changes or is the moment a purely mathematical abstraction that is a zero of time but everything exists in time and existence itself is an uninterrupted process of transformation time is consequently a fundamental element of existence thus the axiom a is equal to a signifies that a thing is equal to itself if it does not change if it therefore does not exist so apologies for that well long quotation but it is a very very good argument and I think it puts it very clearly so change therefore and everything changes all the time change means that something is and is not and that might seem paradoxical more ridiculous than saying a equals a but actually it is the most fundamental truth of how things are things are here and there at the same time again that might sound ridiculous but take zeno's paradox zeno's paradox was is a famous paradox that basically asserts that change is impossible because it says that for something to get from point a to point c it must in the meantime pass through point b but to pass but before it can get even to point b it must also pass through another point and therefore it can never really arrive at point c because it's always stuck at the interval you know it's always but before it can get there it has to get there before it can get there it has to get to this other shore to a point and then you can always break it down further and further and it's inexplicable however actually gets to see because there's always further points that has to traverse and essentially what he's arguing is that space can be divided up infinitely and every single part of that traverse that that span of space has to be passed and if you can divide it even further still then there's even more points that you have to pass and you can never get through this infinite number of points essentially and this is a very very famous in philosophy is a very famous objection of course it's absurd because we all know that things can move and can get from point a to point c um the problem with this and again it's a problem of formal logic is that it assumes that uh that space is made up of discrete you know uh just infinite number of discrete kind of points if you like that must each of which have to be occupied before you can get to the next one because in reality space is not made up of little discrete points in reality it is continuous and you don't sort of perfectly inhabit one space one absolute point and then suddenly pop into the next one and then the next one and then the next one in reality you are flowing through a continuous span of space rather than there being just so many discrete points um and and therefore to comprehend this you have to be able to comprehend that not only does everything change but the change involves contradiction it involves the idea of being here and there being you know in more than one point because in reality there isn't such a thing as a single point but a continuous flow of space um but uh formal logic can't really understand that's because it does want to divide things up into these discrete moments um now formal logic also and i mentioned before that formal people who practice formal logic treat it as not derived from the material world as independent from the material world and just a set of rules self-contained rules for thought um and in treated in this way it is indifferent to content it's just a set of abstract rule and the advantage of this is supposed to be that these abstract rules can apply to anything you know they are universal they're very clear and they're just absolutely objective it's it's true or it isn't true um and it's supposed to be very therefore very clear basically um and it eliminates contradiction apparently that's the another advantage that it has um but is that true and can that be true well let's take a famous example um what is known as the syllogism which is the the statement uh if a then b a therefore b that is considered in formal logic a perfectly valid statement right and an example of it would be you know uh if a famous example if it rains the streets are wet and then you say it is raining therefore the streets are wet that is a valid statement it you know kind of ticks all the boxes essentially um but according to formal logic doesn't matter what the actual premises are so long as you complete that sort of cycle so you can also say if it rains the streets are on fire it is raining therefore the streets are on fire according to formal logic that is as valid as saying if it rains the streets are wet it rains therefore the streets are wet because it's a ridiculous thing to say uh and there's no connection between the the principle of rain and fire that is that you can understand it doesn't just is complete nonsense it's incomprehensible um now it is according to formal logic false to flip the um the syllogism so in other words to say if a then b b therefore a so to go back to our example that would be if it rains the streets are wet the streets are wet therefore it is raining now that is considered false and it is false it's true because why because obviously there are plenty of other things that could cause the streets to be wet maybe a fire engine you know um was putting out a fire and it sprayed some water somewhere and therefore the streets are wet so the the mere fact that the streets are wet does not prove that it's raining but how do we know that that is true that that it's true that in other words how do we know that it's false to say it to put the syllogism in the other way around as I just given only because of real world experience right so that's the only thing that can tell us anything about uh the fact that there can be other causes of streets getting wet or any other particular thing you care to mention it's only knowledge of the real world and the manifold causation that there can be the things that the fact that one thing can be caused by many different things such as the streets being wet can be caused not only by rain but but could potentially be caused by a whole host of other things obviously involves the understanding of what water is etc it only makes sense because we have real knowledge real experience of the principles of the objective world otherwise if we had absolutely no experience that how and what what how would any of these terms have any meaning whatsoever now in 20th century philosophy where formal logic was adhered to still it really has held philosophy back um for example you have what is known as propositional calculus which is taught in a lot of universities today and again this has zero content it's not about the content it's not about the actual material things you're supposed to be talking about it's a set of abstract rules that are supposed to apply perfectly and you just need to learn them and it's sort of always presented as like almost in a mathematical kind of algebraic way very sort of appears very scientific but again it says nothing about the world it seems to comprehend nothing about real human language for example if you study if you study it you will learn that it can only deal with yes or no answers ambiguities you know gray areas other kinds of answers to things are not uh comprehended in this system uh and also you will learn that but is the same as and so but is eliminated so any sentence that you want to put into propositional calculus that includes the word but you get rid of that and you put and in because it means the same thing but but does not mean the same as and it is a related term it has something in common but there's a gradation of meaning and it and it's it's important to have that you were to tell that to someone who practices proposition calculus they would accept that but does mean something that they would say well that doesn't matter that's not really what we're dealing with and that shows you that propositional calculus and formal logic in general has become this kind of rigid dogma totally abstract and unable to comprehend the real meanings of human language and thoughts and of course of the real world and therefore barren really um so if if human thought were to stick and if philosophy does stick to this dogma or a formal logic it inevitably becomes entangled in contradictions it's true that formal logic expresses a truth which we do need to to comprehend and that is that you know things do stay the same in other words it would be absurd to insist on calling your friend a different name every minute because they've shed some cells and they've grown some other cells somewhere else that would be ludicrous they have fundamentally stayed the same um and that of course applies to all kinds of objects that's what formal logic bases itself upon and that's very important we don't go around throwing names and concepts out and out because the the objects has changed in some infinitesimal way um so one side it expresses one side of the truth shall we say but if we stick to that one side we'll get entangled in contradictions we won't be able to understand the deeper um questions of change of systems of interconnection you know and of basically the fund of contradiction and the transformation of one thing into something other than itself and that is really the most profound way of understanding the world how do things change what are the systems that govern change in the universe to understand those questions we all need formal logic which is what we're going to come on to discuss in the next few weeks


Hello there, lovers. This is going to be a long video, so if you had somewhere to go, you might want to cancel. Don't plan, though. I'm just playing. Of course, it's more important to be social and go to your granny's 80th birthday party than to listen to me. However, if you are on your way to said granny's birthday party, I'm also going to put a audio link below so you can listen to this via podcasts. You don't have to sit here and stare at my face, which I don't have any makeup on. I didn't put my extensions in today. It's a pretty big deal for me. I've been really desperately trying to grow my hair back since last year's catastrophe of abuse that I put my scalp through. I'm getting a little better. This is off topic. It's not a hair video. Get over yourself. Yesterday was a rough day for me. Yesterday I spent the day crying. Today in this video, no, no, no, I'm not crying today because I did it yesterday because I was just saying to my sister, I had an epiphany because a friend of mine, Rick Shucks, who you guys know, of course, from Pune, the pain is trying to lose weight. And he was telling me about the process of losing weight when your body is accustomed to being a certain size. And I thought, man, you know, I really open my eyes, of course, to what people go through, obviously, when they're trying to undertake a really massive thing like weight loss and how we make jokes and advocacy for a listening when truly it's redefining yourself in every sense of the world and changing your body makeup. And I felt yesterday like that really rang true for me in terms of success. All my life, I have reached a certain level of success and then I plateau as if my body or my being is only meant to be a little above mediocre. I did track and field. I went to the World Championships. I won national championships in Canada. I got a full scholarship to the States. I had quit track anyways because I decided that that wasn't my true calling that there was only so far as meant to get in that field. And so I shifted focuses to journalism. Immediately when I started school for journalism, I started writing a book called Laid, which you guys might have heard of. It's young people's experiences with sex and the easy access culture. And I gave my all to this book. I gave everything I had. I thought with all my heart, I'm meant to be a writer. Writing is my number one, my first passion, my first love. And so I did. And when it came out, kind of the same thing would track. You know, I got published across North America. I got to appear in a lot of cool shows. I went and toured. It was cool. It just never really like spilled over and something awesome. And I made zero money off of that. Like you guys, you know, with a publishing deal, it's a lot like a record company deal where they recoup a lot. So they do a lot of investment in you. But for example, they'll design your book cover, but they will put the cost is on your book cover at $10,000. So you're never going to really recoup that money and you'll never make anything off of it, but you just do it for the cool factor. That's how I felt the experience with late when. And so I was like, you know, I'm not going to write books anymore until I've grown my audience. I started to really focus on growing my audience. And I had a channel called those girls are wild gave my all into that for, you know, three years, four, maybe three to four years. That situation just again, it was plateauing. You know, we had gotten to 80,000 subscribers, which at the time was pretty sizable because YouTube wasn't like what it is now where people can become legitimate stars. So when those girls are wild, you know, myself and the other partner were really not seeing eye to eye and the channel was really not growing. I was like, I decided again to switch focuses because I'm like, I plateaued. I got to move on. Um, and then I went to inter traditional media and I was like, I think I'm good enough to be, you know, an on air host and to work on TV. And there's no reason that I should be going to web. I should be able to get an established job because I have the skillset and I put the work in, you know, and obviously I have all this experience and I did that for maybe three years and some change. And, um, again, it was kind of like, I achieved enough to get me to America and on a work visa and I achieved enough to get booked on a lot of pilots, but it never bubbled over into something that made a real career for myself.  I'm going to finish my clinical sexology. I'm going to work with people online. I'm going to do this full time as my passion. I'm not going to worry about traditional cause the problem with traditional media is you can put a lot of work into that field and nothing comes out, you know, and how to get naked and when I talked about booking this pilot and it was a massive deal. It was so much work.  And so I decided that I'm going to shift back to YouTube. I feel very blessed right now that all my friends are hella successful. Like I am best friends with division. One of the members he produced hotline bling he produced one dance like he is my friend. I sold two of my shitty old cars to and now he has a house and multiple cars and he's very successful. Of course, shameless Maya who's an immense inspiration on me and just seeing her success first hand and how she's been able to utilize her platform to truly make a better life not only for herself but for employees that she's now able to hire the girl has an office.   All of my friends are way more successful than me. All of my friends have way more money than I do and I feel kind of grateful to say that. So yesterday I was really just distraught like why? Why does God only want me to get so far? You know, like why does God only want me to minimally receive some form of success? Why aren't I massively successful? You know, why haven't I had a best selling book? Why don't I have a multi million subscriber YouTube channel? Why aren't I on a very successful TV show? And of course the answer came back is because I don't stick to it. When I get to my plateau or that place of, you know, as far as I can go, I accept that that's the ceiling and I decide that I have to shift in order to get somewhere different rather than really pushing past that last 10 pounds. You know, they said the first 100 pounds is the easiest and the last 10 is the hardest to really shed that last 10 pounds. I keep quitting on myself and when I had that realization I was like, it's time to stop feeling sorry for yourself and to do whatever is necessary to really get rid of those last 10. And on top of not feeling sorry for yourself, start feeling proud of yourself. I did a lot in the past six months, y'all. Like I there's two major relationships that I got rid of both in the last quarter of 2015. I was in a long relationship, which a lot of you guys might be aware of. That was not a positive relationship.    The most powerful thing I could have done.  There is nothing that I could do. There is no more that I could love. There is nothing that I could have said to make you a good person and you have to go on that journey for yourself and that journey does not include me and I've not spoken to that person and you guys have probably noticed I've put a lot more videos. My social media following has doubled since that time. I plateaued at like 30,000 for a long time and since that shedding, things have doubled. So when that happened, I got rid of this person. It recharged my life. So I started actually getting a lot more bookings to as a performer, you know, and it was kind of simultaneous. So I got a cast in a movie for TV one called Gene the Joneses and I was speaking at schools that was getting hit up personally via email to do so and then I got another deal from BET to develop my own show with them and my own on with the Asterix because my agent whom is not a specialized agent in what I do. She is an acting agent who we had a good relationship and felt she could help me. She was also my petitioner into America. She was the only agent who said yes to me when I needed someone to say yes, you know, obviously because I had a work visa and you need an agent to sponsor you into the country. So she did a lot for me and she took a big risk on me. I wasn't an actor. I wasn't a part of her usual roster but she did and she fell in love with my content. I think in the process of her falling in love with my content and me being grateful that somebody in America thought it was great and was willing to help me. I made her feel like she was more than just an agent of my content that maybe she was responsible. I just kept noticing that every job that I was getting was coming from me or my relationships or my networking and every opportunity I was getting was coming from me and opportunities that I passed on to her that were just like seeds they hadn't blossomed yet never really came to fruition, you know, when it was under her control and now mind you, that's a part of the industry that I'm in.  That's just people just talk and I've learned that really, really the hard way recent. I'll talk about later in the video. I'm like, you're not really pulling your weight and so I call it to her attention said I think I need to get an agent who specialized in what I do. Now we are really good friends, me and this this person. I worked on a project for free for her, which is a little unethical for an agent to ask their talent to work as free talent on their own project. I did a lot of free things for her and in return she did the same for me. She gave me a lot of extra attention of extra coaching. She tried to encourage me into acting but she was never really my thing but I got that it was her comfort level so I tried it.  I mean other than Jeanine Jones' thing but that wasn't because I was an actor. I was because I had a personal relationship with the casting director who just really wanted to have me a part of that project. So I just asked her if I could get somebody on who kind of had different expertise and she flat out said no. She said no, I am this and that's what it will be. I asked her can I get a manager? I said I kind of feel like I need more support. Can I get a manager?  I thought that's not what I really want. And so as things kept progressing I got an offer to work with the vibrator necklace which you guys know I've been talking about forever and you guys have been waiting for that project.  I cannot get a job at Starbucks like I am not allowed. I could only get work that is in my field and that comes or passes through the agent which is why every single thing that I do she has to take 10% off of that. So I go to her and I'm trying to find a creative compensation route because it's just simply not fair that she will be taking a sizable percentage off of every single sale when she really can't help, didn't get the job and doesn't have the skill set or the relationships to help me sell this product after the fact. And once again they told me they said no they said this is the way that it's going to be and I thought no it's not and so I went in the process of severing my ties with this agent and this is a big, big risk that I took. Not only did severing ties with this agent mean I would have to turn down this BET deal. When I really thought about it I was paying her to be a good friend. I was commissioning her to be a friend not really to do her job and that isn't a knock against her because again I think I'm a little bit out of her wheelhouse and this person has a family life and a full-on life. They're not dedicated in the same way of spending their weekends and hustling and networking and that's totally okay. But I actually heard an amazing piece of advice that I will never forget. I went with my friend Angela Dugan to go see real, no divas of Hollywood, Hollywood divas, real Hollywood divas. You know the one with like Countess Vaughn and Golden Brooks at TV show. So my friend worked on that and she brought me there for the season finale and Tamela Jones was talking about the biggest lesson that she learned her biggest regret in Hollywood and she said when she was on hustle and flow that project and it became a mass success bigger than any of them thought it would be. Taraji P. Henson and Terrence Howard both got new agents. They fired their old agents and went with a bigger company to adjust for their greater level of fame and she didn't. She stayed loyal and her career is her career and their career is their career. Like it really started to transform in my mind what loyalty really was and I'm like is loyalty this is a crazy concept don't get me wrong but is loyalty something that the 1% or the higher ups pass down and impart it on us in order to keep us complacent in situations that no longer satisfy us because loyalty says that whether or not you're actually doing something for me or progressing me in my life or adding value to my life I will stay by you just because. You know we were told that you know you should stick with your original high school relationship if that's who is with you in your hard times because that's who deserves to be with you when you're great but what if they can't support you in your greatness but if they don't have relationships or they're not advancing in your greatness or coming into their own greatness are you supposed to hold on to those situations just because that's the right you know right thing to do so while this person was a great friend and I loved her deeply I had to ask to leave and it was the hardest thing I've ever done I was stick to my stomach constantly weeks before I set the meeting with them to talk about leaving I couldn't sleep I couldn't eat I just felt disgusting I felt disgusting with myself and I went into the meeting and y'all know exactly how it went there was not a single ounce of ownership there's not a single ounce of you know what Shannon you wrote out a complete list of all the jobs you've done and not one job is my name beside there as the reason you got that job I can see where you're coming from that perhaps this relationship is not equally yoked no complete oblivion blame deprecation defamation of my character deprecation I mean shitting she's shit on me she legit she legit told me I wasn't as pretty as other people in her roster so I just like left that meeting and I was like whatever lady and I lost a friend in that exact moment the basic reason I even came to America the person who believed in me first played a large role in my development I spoke about her in my last you know video as being somebody who was very supportive when it came down to it and I said I need to grow all she said was no to me and I started to really take into account all the limiting sentences that she would tell me like you're not there yet you know all the time like well we would do that but you're not there yet I would say I want to do YouTube I spoke to somebody about it my daughter she works this YouTube company and we know that youtubers it's over flooded like you really probably can't do that spacing work because there's too many people in it you're not there yet you don't really have any fame to you so you wouldn't be able to take an impact in that way okay cool start to do YouTube made a little bit of an impact came to her like hey can we start trying to get brand deals you're not there yet when she did this amount of numbers then we'll talk about it okay struggling for money come to this lady hey I think I can like try to get ex agent or this person maybe actually a commercial agent on board agent on board what do you think she like gets upset for me for even saying this or suggesting it but then sends me out on a commercial agency audition that of that she had it through her relationship through some to some rinky dink agency that was like in the back of a garage or something and I'm like what about the bigger agencies what why did you send me there you know you weren't there yet they aren't interested in you you're not you're not really there yet okay but it turns out that when I started to look for a new agent every single major agency thought I was there CAA UTA William Morris I met with every single major agency and everyone thought I was there the kicker of all this I'm ranting like a motherfucker but excuse me the kicker of all this is that when I asked to leave they said this isn't a prison you can leave any time but sure enough when I said yeah guys I'm leaving they said no problem but you're under contract with us until 2018 so no you're really not thought I thought I could leave any time no we have and made in we have made insurmountable investment in you Shannon and we want to recoup what we have lost and in order to do that we have to honor the contract and blah blah blah so Shannon Budrum had to hire a lawyer and I got a top lawyer I got one of the top top lawyers in entertainment lawyers in California and for three months y'all I sabotaged myself because in order to get out of this contract I couldn't work for three months and so I didn't go on one meeting when auditioned I didn't make any money I took no brand deals I did nothing then I finally got out of the contract three months later and of course whenever you emerge from being dead for a while you're like guys I'm ready to play and everyone's like who are you and you're like oh I have to I have to start all over again and that pretty much marks where I'm at right now I am free of this contract and I'm comfortable talking about it for this one remarkable reason I was legally tied to this agent not just through her contract but also through immigration and so I have been unable to leave America because if I do and she reported me to US Immigration as no longer being with her I would get disallowed back into the country without a sponsor but I got an immigration lawyer I re-enlisted Kate Rainer and Associates who got me my original O1 visa and I am now working on my green card I'm so excited for this one thing in my life like I'm thrilled I'm over the moon about it I remember meeting somebody when I first came to the US from Canada who showed me their green card and I was like just to be able to work freely and not be afraid look over your shoulder or have a petitioner or every single time that I have to work I have to send over everything y'all blood samples like urine tests me applying for my immigration my green card not only frees me from being in the situation I wasn't before for one person is responsible for having me in the country but it also puts me in a dilly of a pickle because it's expensive on top of that my immigration lawyer said Shannon if you apply for another O1 which I'm now currently signed to UTA talent which is you know Angelina Jolie's agency but whatever you can get another O1 just like that it will cost you half the price you will be cleared it will all work out if you go for this green card though you are probably on a 70% line you know you you haven't really like Drake will get a green card no problems ask you know right Shannon Boondram they're gonna be like who that like so that like you could do it but we're telling you it's a risk do you want to do it and of course I consulted all of the different parts of my life and all the things that I have been wishy washy on and I thought how dare I ask other people be that you guys sit at home who listen to me and invest your time in me your precious time this is a long ass video in me or going to auditions and asking production companies or asking brands to invest in me when I am afraid to invest in myself how can I ask somebody else to believe in me and give to me fully devote to me if I don't do that for myself and I know for me being able to take on for example the vibrator necklace deal which I just recently opened that back up after this whole three months of famine is completely finished being able to accept that deal would be tricky under my visa doing youtube deals is tricky under my visa doing counseling is tricky under my visa I don't want to be tricky I don't want to I don't I want to live clear and honestly I want to do good work I want to throw myself into it I've been volunteering for Aviva which is a house for girls who are at risk and survivors of sex trafficking and it becomes so close with these girls that I'm like I want to become a foster mom like that's something that definitely is a goal for you in the next year to two years and in order for me to do that I cannot be a temporary worker here so I need that visa that marks pretty much how I feel about my life right now period how much do I believe in myself and can I surround myself with others who share that passion one and two have the tools to support it and that's a very important second option which a lot of people tend to overlook it's one thing to be gung ho and rah rah rah and in your corner it's another thing to be in your corner and have the nutrients and vitamins and the stitching to get you back into the ring so you can fight and be at your best the people who are the cheerers are the ones in the stands and they still matter and they still exist and they still pump you up but the two spots that you have my boyfriend and the person in charge of my career the two spots that I have who are ringside with me have to do more than just have good intentions they have to so I'm making this video for you guys at home to say do it I don't care what it is you know where you want to live you know what you have to do you may be plateauing right now you might be experiencing that last 10 pounds that you can't lose you might be looking at your life and saying why isn't it better you already know the answer that is because there's certain things that you're unwilling to change certain relationships you're unwilling to give up that is stopping you from getting to your next best step I always use the quote my mom says you know reach for the tree tops land on the ground reach for the stars land on the tree tops and me applying for this visa is me me signing to top to your agencies where I am a low priority versus being at a small agency where I was a very high priority is me coming on YouTube constantly and trying to compete with the big guys and asking you guys for your attention and asking you guys to care or to be invested reaching for the start and I'll be happy with the tree tops but I think at this point in my life I can't be on the ground anymore like I'm done with the ground and you guys will see behind me this is a money altar something that I recently put into my life in my world that's a very important thing to me I need money in order to get to my next greatest step I want to have access to greater things I want to be able to have a better and bigger impact I want to be able to go to Aviva or go to mosaic my church and give more than just my time and presence I want to be a real contributor to people who I think are great and just like the people who are great in my life are great contributors to me my friends are constantly offering me money I'm sick of it I love it but I'm sick of it you know like I want to be able to do that for them I've had people of course through my counseling services which has been oh my god so amazing like lord words life cannot express how empowering my counseling sessions have been not just to give and to serve for you guys and to also be validated with money for what I do because that's an important part of it to know that I'm worth it that my advice and my expertise and all that I've studied actually has a value on it but when I tell y'all something I take that lesson back to myself and you guys have challenged me in so many ways because I can't spin y'all bullshit that I'm not putting into action for myself and I've seen that where I tell people advocate for yourself advocate for your needs if something has happened that you don't like you put your foot on that thing and you say stop doing this thing do I do that? not all the time I let a lot of things slide or people slide or behavior side or comment side and you guys won't even notice in the comment section now I'm less likely to take shit from you guys I say you guys loosely I mean like decimals zero nine percent of you who are just ridiculous human beings I'm not taking shit from you guys anymore if I don't like something that you said I'm gonna put my foot on your comment but thank you to everybody who has said Shannon I want your help who has committed and booked because I probably get 60 emails and of those 60 emails six people actually into booking I don't really know why that's the math but for the six people who follow through and do the session and invest themselves in that way you guys inspire me so much you inspire me so much and thank you for trusting me and I hope any of you guys who have been reluctant to try that service out know that it's a two-way street and that I'm dying to meet you and I'm dying to connect with you and there's a lot that we can do together when we work as a team and we collaborate there's no shame at all in saying I need help with something that I think that you have a good handle on and I will call myself an expert on this because I put the work in for that and in turn I will come to you and also be nourished from you when you're learning and your education so it's two-way street or just comment the comments mean the world to me so you all already know that the comment section gives me life this YouTube channel has given me a new life and a new purpose and I want to stick with this and hold me accountable so if I don't reach a million subscribers in five years and I'm thinking of quitting because it's not going well play this video for me and say don't do that again stay here work hard push through it lose that last 10 pounds you can do this not if you quit though you can't do it if you quit so don't quit that's all oh and lastly finally finally I'm putting up a video that I did with Kate Rainer who is my lawyer she is the person who I used to get my O1 visa and I'm going back to this firm again because they have a 99% success rate to do my green card application I'm going to say this because I get asked a question all the time about people who live abroad who want to come to America if you know you're meant to be here be here if you're cool in Toronto you're cool in Switzerland or you're cool in Cuba stay in Cuba there's something wrong with being amazing where you're at but if you know you're meant to be in America make it happen you can do it I did not have what I thought was enough to apply but anybody can apply and so I want to say if you've ever thought of coming to America you can call Kate Rainer for a free consultation I did an interview with her on my other and a video I'm going to put up at the same time as this one that really just talks about coming to America if this is a dream for you make it happen and you can use my name for a referral because she it I'm trying to get some money off my visa that was expensive just keep it real


Hi, I'm Zor. Welcome to a new Zor education. Today's lecture will be about Lorentz force. This is the force between the magnetic field and electric current. This lecture is part of the course called Physics for Teens, presented on unizor.com. I suggest you to watch this lecture from the website because every lecture including this one has very detailed explanation like a textbook basically And well all the lectures are obviously In the presented in the course so there is some kind of a logical Relationship between different lectures, so it's always good to go sequence in sequence lecture by lecture So you know exactly exactly What I'm talking during any lecture because you have listened to the previous one and I'm referring now on the same Website there is a math for teens course, which is very important for physics Especially vectors and calculus are used in physics everywhere Okay so Lorentz force Let me start with some repetition of What I have done in the previous lecture. We were talking about emperor model of Magnetic magnetic forces, so if you have let's say a straight line bar magnet north and south now the emperors model was related to little electrons which are Rotating around the nucleus now if all Atoms inside the magnet are aligned in such a way that electrons are Rotating around parallel axis Everywhere in this magnet and the planes of rotation obviously are parallel to each other and rotation is in exactly the same Direction then we have these magnetic qualities of the magnet If however atoms are chaotically Oriented so the axis are not parallel directions are different, etc. Then we don't have the magnetic properties So this is the result. Okay the magnetism results in Some kind of a synchronousness of the movement of the electrons inside the magnet now What emperor did next was let's just make a cross section of the magnet Well, and if we will view it from the top, we will see orbits of electrons These are all electrons lying in the same Plane plane of section right of cross section now look at this now all these electrons are Rotating in the same direction. So which means that this one And this one and this one they're all the same direction But what happens in this particular place in between the electrons? Well, one goes this way and other goes this way. So at any point inside the magnet Electrons are actually going against each other. It's the same direction But when they're touching each other, they are going into a different direction and they kind of neutralize There is no current one electron goes this way and I will go this way. I mean, they're still circulating in the same Direction if you will look from this, let's say it will be all counter wise counterclockwise or clockwise, but Wherever they touch each other There is no current one electron goes this way another goes Except at the edge So at the edge of the Cross-section there are only one directional all goes in the same direction this direction so This is the repetition. This is the emperors model of magnetism and as a consequence of this We have decided the following. Let's just take a wire Make a loop and Let's say there is some kind of electric current in it. So there is a source of electricity plus and minus and Considering this is the correct model and the model does basically represent very very well represent actually magnetic qualities This is supposed to possess the same magnetic qualities. I mean to have a loop of electricity and It should have these magnetic quality, which means there is some kind of a polarity north and south and it should behave like a magnet and Experiments show that it did so from now on we will forget about what's inside the magnet and we will talk about electric properties of the closed loop and With current running in it and we are saying that there are some magnetic properties Well, what does it mean that it has magnetic properties? Well, for example If you will take a let's say an arrow a compass it will orient itself along the magnetic lines of the earth because earth is a giant magnet Same thing with the loop of Electricity the wire loop where the electricity is running if we will allow it Let's say we put it on some kind of a floating device and put it in the water. So this particular Construction will orient itself along the magnetic lines of the earth. It will just turn like a compass basically and This is extremely important So from now on we will talk about these closed loops of wire and the magnet magnetic field and what happens if we will put this closed loop of Electric wire inside the magnetic field. Okay, here is the experiment. So let's say we have one magnet not sure I'm good a Represent representative of the pictures, but in any case I think I don't need this one this piece Let's say this is the only thing which I have and It goes like this Okay Does it look like a magnet? North and south so it's not a bar magnet. It's some kind of a horseshoe magnet. All right now What kind of magnetic field we have here well the magnetic field lines which we did talk about before are Going from north to south here and then inside the magnetic they go back Of course, they don't cross like on my picture. So this is the circulation of the magnetic field lines Okay, now let's take a Closed loop of wire in this case. I didn't really make a circle I made a rectangle It's kind of easier for me in this particular case and position is here in such a way that one Side of this rectangle will be close to one pole of the magnet and another to another so it's something like this Now let's assume that there is a electric current Which is going here. I will not I will not draw a source of electric current like here Plus and minus but we assume that there is some kind of a source here. All right, so there is an electric current which is running in this Rectangular wire loop. Okay Now what happens? Well, it has the magnetic qualities. It has poles now if I will look from this side and if direction is From plus to minus is this way then the North-south line will be perpendicular to this Loop, right? so if I'm Looking from this side if loop looks like this Then my north-south line would be perpendicular to the board if I'm looking From the top Then my loop looks like a line, right? Then magnetic poles would be North-south Right on this board. So the loop goes like my hand inside the The board and then the perpendicular to the plane of the Loop Line through its center would be the center would be the line between north and south pole So in this particular case my north-south line is perpendicular to the Board Now what happens? well, let's imagine that there is some kind of a axis of rotation so So I'm kind of mechanical device is here. So my loop can rotate around this axis So if initially my position is like this in the north-south line of This loop as a magnet is perpendicular to the board. We were talking about Alignment between the north-south line of Of this electric electric loop Aligning along the magnetic Lines of external field like a compass arrow of the compass aligning Along the magnetic lines of the earth in this case these are magnetic lines now if my North-south line of this Loop which has magnetic property is perpendicular. It will try to turn obviously along. So my wire loop will turn in such a way that It will take this position so the North-south line Would be here Along the lines of my external magnetic field. So it will turn Now which turn it's a different question, but we will talk about this, but it will turn now What happens when it will turn what happens with it with the? compass arrow Well, after it will turn towards The Norse it will bubble a little bit and will basically will be stable in this position pointing north, right? I mean north Edge of the arrow compass will point to the geographical north of the earth, which is actually south Pole of the earth as a magnet Okay So same thing here the north side north pole of this Loop as a magnet will point to the south pole of the external magnetic field Now if it's Fixed on this axis and this can turn now there is some some some kind of a force, right? Which which turns it? So what is this force? Well the force exists between magnetic field and the current So there is a current here, right? Now as long as there is a current and this current is in in this particular loop It will turn now. Let's think about how it works well, let's go back to initial position when I have this type of When one age is close to one and another age close to another pole and look at this from the top, all right So what do we see from the top from the top? We will see our wire loop as a line and I have two spots for the poles, okay So that's what you will do So this would be one pole This would be another pole and They're connected behind the board Now my wire initially would be like this line so It's basically like my head So you see only the top of this thing and north-south direction would be something like this now Why now and the axis of rotation would be perpendicularly to the board now Why does it Turn in such a way that the north will point to the south pole of the external back as well Obviously, there is some kind of a force I mean it doesn't do it by itself It should be the force which which actually moves it now. What happens as We are turning Let's say turns this way We still have a force the forces are actually acting on every Part of this rectangle now you just see it from the top But every side of this rectangle Experiences that this force what's next well next it will turn a little bit more still forces But you see now the forces are equalizing each other if before we had a Some kind of a torque because one force But in this position one force this and one force here and obviously they turn it around the axis but now when everything is aligned both forces are acting against each other and Basically, there is no more movement So whenever it will reach this position It will maybe wobble a little bit because of inertia and it will stabilize in this particular case That's what's happening. So what we have established that there is some kind of a force which acts between the magnetic field and the current So let's talk about this particular force and let's forget about our loop and let's talk about only one straight line with electric current running in it positioned in a magnetic field in the uniform magnetic field for simplicity because we are assuming that this Magnetic field is uniform. I mean for instance if you have a bar magnet North-south It's not really uniform. I mean this is much more complex story, but if you have a large Magnet like this with very long parallel lines Then you can assume basically Approximately that the field is uniform and that's what we are going to do right now. That's talking about electric current In the magnetic field and what kind of a force or Lord it's force basically acts on it Well the way how we will present it is the following so let's say we have the magnet again This is one pole and this is another pole I Will try to again do it in Three-dimension Let's say this is north. This is south So these magnetic lines are like this Now let's consider that our wire is like this This is the direction of the current Well, we were talking that electric Wire well if you have a loop then you have for instance in the rectangular form Then you have four different segments of the wire with current running in different direction So experiment shows that if you have a Wire with a current running in it in a magnetic field like this There is a force which acts actually on this particular wire and the only thing which we have to establish is the Direction of this force well again experiment shows the direction of the force can be determined by the rule of the right hand and That actually looks like this if If your magnetic field lines are entering your hand and your thumb points towards the Current then finger will point to the direction of the force This is the current and This is magnetic field Now in this case we have a very simple situation When electric current is perpendicular to the magnetic forces now What happened if this is a rectangular frame? Loop with the current Well, if you will look at this like this This is the final position, but in any case If this is the current this way, this is current this way Magnetic field goes this way. So if you will use this rule of the right hand then magnetic Force well Lorden's force actually which acts on this one and then this one would be perpendicular to both Okay, so again forces perpendicular to both lines of the magnetic field and the current line So if this is current And this is magnetic force then the perpendicular to both would be towards This direction and in this case towards this direction. So if this Loop is in this position both forces are neutralizing each other But if it's turned a little bit then there is a moment Which turns it around So in any case depending on and by the way, there is a current here as well, right? And there is also the force it's perpendicular to both in this case It goes up and this cases goes down and again in this final position all four forces are neutralizing each other So force acts on the current so let's forget about more complicated case of the wire loop and concentrate only on one particular Straight line which is in this case perpendicular to magnetic field now, let's just think about some kind of quantitative dependency between the force and Components which actually make this force well first of all obviously there is a current Now if there is no current there is no force if there is some current there is some force So it prompts us to think that It's probably proportional The force should be proportional to the current like if i is equal to zero f is equal to zero if i is if i is Equal to something then f is also some substantial value, right? Now let's think about what is i i is the current it's actually the number of electrons which are crossing certain lengths Per unit of time, right? That's what current actually is Number of coulons per per time coulons per seconds something like this, right? That's what one ampere is one coulon per second And per coulon is basically a quantity of electrons different different Unit size, but this is a number of electrons So what happens here? The higher the i the more magnetic lines Electrons are crossing per unit of time So it looks like it should be proportional and it is so f is Proportional to i now next If you have a short wire There is some kind of a force and then another Piece of wire there is another force if you have a twice as big piece of wire Then the forces are combined So the force must be Proportional to the lengths, right? And finally There is something which is a strength of the magnetic field which we don't really know what it is But definitely if you have a stronger magnet and again experiments show that this is true stronger magnet Pushes stronger, right? So there is also some kind of a characteristic Which we can call as strengths of the magnetic field or just magnetic field or intensity of the magnetic field probably intensity would be a better term so there is something which characterizes the intensity of the magnetic field and We can put the equal sign here in this particular case now Let's think about a little bit more if I will turn the wire so instead of This I will put it exactly parallel to magnetic lines Electrons in this case would not cross any magnetic lines and there will be no force So the force exists only if my electrons are crossing magnetic lines and Also experiment shows that it's actually perpendicular to the direction of the electrons and Direction of the magnetic lines like in this particular case when my field When my field is perpendicular to line the force is perpendicular to both of them Now what does it remind you that one vector is perpendicular to two other? it's actually a vector product and Obviously it should be proportional proportional to the angle between Direction of the Electric current and direction of the magnetic lines Because if there is parallel Phi is equal to zero between them so the angle Then the result is zero if they're perpendicular That's the largest force because the largest number of magnetic lines are crossed by electrons per unit of time and Then the sign is maximum for 90 degrees perpendicular and that would be just so if be is Absolute value of the magnetic strength and Phi is an angle between the direction of the current and direction of the magnetic lines Then this is the value of the force Obviously in certain units of measurement, right, but we don't have the units of measurement of the be right yet Good we will introduce these units of measurement exactly from this formula And we're saying that the unit is equal to 1 in this case. We call it Tesla Obviously to honor a guy by the name Tesla so one Tesla It's such a field that will give me One newton if it's one ampere times one meter one tesla And sign of 90 degree When it's perpendicular so this is a definition now Using this formula. We are defining the strengths of magnetic field in teslas So one tesla is such a field that if you have a one meter Wire positioned perpendicularly to this field And there is one ampere of electricity running In this wire Then the force will be one newton and that's the definition of the strengths of the magnetic field. So that's how we introduce the strengths of the magnetic field and the last Which actually follows very closely from this For those of you who remember What is the vector product? I can express this slightly differently because i and b are Vectors b is a vector directed from north to south and i is from plus to minus And if you have a vector product well l in this case is just a Scalar multiplier So if you will multiply As a vector product and what is the vector product? Well, it's vector which is perpendicular to both of them and its magnitude is equal to Magnitude of one magnitude of another and the sign of the Angled from one to another So this is basically the formula for loren's force I do suggest you to read the notes for this lecture. So you go to unisor.com Go to physics for teens electromagnetism and in In the section Which will be presented to you you will find the loren's force lecture Among other magnetism related Lectures Well, that's it for today. Thank you very much and good luck