Good morning. The first item of business is general questions. Short and succinct questions and responses will enable us to get as many members in as possible. At question one, I call Liz Smith. Women apologies. To ask, what discussions ministers have had with residential outdoor education centres regarding the provision of bed spaces for 2023? Minister Clare Hohe. The Scottish Government values the benefits of outdoor learning for children and young people. yllewid y cymryd ar gyfer y setge oedarnig y sectorsaidd. Rydym freithio ar gyfer y setge oedarnig y sectorsaidd ac mae gennym wahanol 4 million o bwysig o fundiau cyfgareddio, oedd sy'n gyffredin o'r ysgrifedd ar ar gyfer y pandemiydd, oedd sefydlu'r desgau cydwyllg i'n cyfrifesu aig o'r armydd y sushy. Ysgrifedd oesgly Louly~? Ysgrifedd oesglyg o'r ysgrifedd y setge oedarnig y setge oedarnig ysgrifedd. I thank the minister and the Scottish Government for the assistance that it did provide to the outdoor education centres during the pandemic in 2020 and 2021 when many of them obviously couldn't operate. Their problems have been eased but by no means have they been eradicated and I think it's very important that we have accurate data as to exactly what facilities are available so that schools in particular can make informed decisions about where pupils can access residential facilities. I ask if the Scottish Government will undertake to do that in line with outdoor education centres. I can provide, Liz Smith, with what we have in terms of the latest data that sector representatives have shared with officials. That indicates that there is a total capacity of 4,400 operational beds in around 50 centres across Scotland but that doesn't cover the full capacity in the sector and those bed capacity figures do not take into account seasonal availability but we will continue to engage with the sector and look at how we can more accurately reflect what is on offer to local authorities in their bookings for schools and other organisations. To ask the Scottish Government whether it will provide an update on the number of Scottish domiciled students attending Scottish universities. In the academic year 2020-21, the latest figures we have are a total of 180,170 Scottish domiciled students attending Scottish universities. I thank the minister for that answer. According to UCAS figures, since 2006 there has been 56% increase in the number of people attending Scottish universities. An 83% increase in the number of Scottish domiciled students denied a place. The SNP, Green Administration, claims to be on the side of Scotland but the current model says that Scottish pupils are shortchanged. Does the minister consider this problem and what action will it take to address it? Ms Goswell says that the Scottish system leaves Scottish students shortchanged. Let me tell her about the Scottish system. The Scottish system has delivered 180,000 Scottish domiciled students in the last academic year. That is up from 167,030 the year before. It is delivering it on the basis of them not having to pay £9,000 per annum, as is the case under her party's administration south of the border. I could not help but notice former Tory MP Luke Graham's article in The Times this week on headed time to be bold in national education, when he said that there now exists a unique opportunity for the new Prime Minister to hold the devolved Governments to account. That sounds very much the unsubtle code to me inviting the UK Government to introduce tuition fees here in Scotland. I welcome the record number of Scottish domiciled students who have secured a place at university. Let's not be negative, Ms Goswell. That is a test into the hard work of students and teachers right across Scotland. Minister, can I ask how many of those new university students will come from deprived areas? What I can say to Mr Doris right now in terms of the current process, we do not have the final numbers, we are still going through the clearance process as well, but there is an indication right now that the numbers of 18-year-olds from deprived areas securing university places under the current year, as they stand, is up 29 per cent since 2019. In the last year, there were exams and we are making good progress in achieving our target of by 2030, having 20 per cent of students from SIMD 20 areas. There has been good year-in-year progress in that regard. Indeed, in Mr Doris's home city, we have seen significant growth over that same period of mention of 18-year-olds from those areas attending the three universities in his city. Up 15 per cent at Glasgow Caledonian University, up 22 per cent in the University of Strathclyde, up 76 per cent at the University of Glasgow. That is the progress that is being made under this administration. Willie Rennie The minister has got to acknowledge, however, that there are many excellent Scottish students who are being deprived of place at Scottish universities because of the cap on places. Is he saying that there is nothing he is going to do to resolve that problem? Does he not recognise that issue? Will he agree to meet with me to discuss it further? On that last point, I am always delighted to meet with Mr Rennie, so I am happy to accept his request and invite to do so. It has always been the case that, of course, there are people who want to apply to university who unfortunately do not manage to access university. That is always very disappointing for those individuals. Incidentally, it is not a unique phenomenon here in Scotland. It happens in other jurisdictions in the United Kingdom as well. Not every person who applies to university in England, Wales or Northern Ireland accesses university. I would reflect on the fact, and I have already made the point, that we have 180,000 Scottish domicile students being supported into Scottish universities under the current system. That is up when the figures before that is a good direction of travel. They are not having to pay to do so. That is a record of achievement that I am proud of. Michael Marra To ask the Scottish Government what discussions it has had and has planned with the University of Dundee's management team regarding the reported pensions dispute between the university and trade unions representing staff. I meet regularly with university principals in the campus trade unions and industrial action is often one of the items discussed. Since the beginning of this particular dispute, I have engaged with the principle of the University of Dundee regularly as well as with the unions at the University of Dundee. I have written again to Professor Ian Gillespie this week to encourage the university and its workforce representatives to come back together to resolve the current issues. Michael Marra I welcome that intervention from the minister. He will remember that I have raised this issue on numerous occasions over the last year. On 25 August, the majority of Dundee University Court voted to impose cuts to the pensions of their lowest-paid employees. Unite members are now on all-out strike action with permanent pickets. Unison members have voted for strike action on this issue for a third time, I believe, unprecedented in Scotland. Cuts that are imposed by management seem set to try to ride this out and we are refusing to even respond to requests for dialogue. Employees are telling me that their trade unions have been effectively de-recognised at the University of Dundee. This collapse in industrial relations is unacceptable. Will the minister contact the principal again today and urge him to do his duty and get his management to engage in this dispute immediately? I have already to be the point that I am regularly engaging with the principal. I have written this week to request an update to also urge for the engagement that we would want to see. I will obviously prosecute some of the issues that Mr Marra has laid out, if they are with any form of foundation. I am not suggesting that what he has said is hearing is correct. That is a cause for concern. I believe strongly that the trade union voice, the workforce voice, must be heard across the entirety of William Market. Our universities are no different in that regard, and he can be assured that I will continue to engage with the university on this matter. To ask the Scottish Government, in light of reports of increasing hidden hunger due to the cost of living crisis, what action it is taking to address school meals, debt and expand access to universal free school meals? We fully acknowledge that the steep cost of living rises are putting a huge strain on some families, and they are facing many unforeseen challenges. All pupils in primary 1 to 5 are publicly funded schools that currently benefit from universal free school lunches during term time, because free school meals remain for eligible pupils in other age groups after primary 5. We are continuing to work with our partners and local authorities to plan for the expansion of free school meal provision to primary 6 and 7 during this parliamentary term. That work is being supported by £30 million of capital funding in this financial year to support expansion of catering and dining facilities. We are working with our partners and local authorities to understand the impact of the school meals debt for families, and in the meantime, I would urge all local authorities to continue to do all they can to resolve any payment issues without withdrawing meals from pupils. Monica Lennon I am grateful to the cabinet secretary for that update, and I welcome the commitments that we have heard this week. We have seen an anonymous donor donate a generous five-figure sum towards offsetting the school meal debt, so we need the Government to cover the rest. Given the cost crisis, we need to go further and faster on the expansion of free school meals. Can the cabinet secretary give some dates when pupils in primary 6 and 7 can expect that to be in place, and when will we see that equality in our secondary schools? We are, as I said, my original answer, working very closely with local authorities to determine what capital work needs to be undertaken. For example, to increase the capacity within kitchen and dining facilities, and that is the work that is on-going at the moment. That has been supported, as I said, by £30 million from the Scottish Government. We are continuing that work with local authorities, but I would, of course, recognise that the cost-of-living crisis is impacting on families, but that is exactly why there is additional support. For example, through the increase in the Scottish child payment to £25 from 14 November to current recipients and the opening of applications for under-16s, which will be a welcome additional support for families right across Scotland. I welcome the Scottish Government's commitment to expanding free school meal provision, already the most generous universal offer of anywhere in the UK. Can the cabinet secretary provide an update on the number of free school meal registrations at Scotland schools? It is the most expansive provision within the UK nations that we have for universal provision of free school meals. Currently, there are over 300,000 pupils registered for free school meals at schools right across Scotland. To ask the Scottish Government when it will respond to the next zero energy and transport committee's report on energy price rises. Cabinet Secretary, Michael Matheson. I am keen to provide the committee with an up-to-date response as possible. Now that we have details of the August price cap from Ofgem and the announcement by the UK Government this morning, I intend to provide the committee with a response shortly. The cabinet secretary will be aware that the report reflects evidence taken in April and May, which stated that, even then, the limiting energy price increase crisis had to be responded to at a similar scale as the Covid pandemic crisis by both the Scottish and UK Governments. Will the cabinet secretary agree to improve awareness and access to the advice and advocacy and home insulation services? It is responsible for on top of the immediate and welcome targeted financial support with devolved powers announced by the First Minister. Does he agree that any UK Government decision, even at this late stage to freeze energy prices, should be welcomed a decision that would have happened more swiftly from an independent Scottish Government with similar such powers? The committee's report makes a number of important recommendations, both to the Scottish Government and to the UK Government in the action that is necessary, to avert the increase in cost crisis that households are facing due to increasing energy prices. We have already announced £1.2 million of additional funding to support advice services, to support customers who are experiencing difficulty, alongside a doubling of our fuel and security fund to help to support those who are at risk of self rationing or self-disconnection from the energy network. We will continue to look at what further measures we can take forward and reflect on the announcement that was made by the UK Government this morning. There is absolutely no doubt that we have had a vacuum of any political leadership from the UK Government on this issue for the last two months. In an independent Scotland, we have been able to move swiftly and quickly to reassure households on how we would have tackled the cost crisis. Liam Kerr, the report notes that homes that are not connected to the gas grid are often more expensive to heat. Given the Scottish Government's drive to get such homes to adopt electric heat pump technology and noting Fiona Hyslop's correct request for clear advice to people, can the cabinet secretary help me to understand the running costs of such technology when compared to fossil fuels in the current market? One of the key things that could be done to help to reduce the costs of electricity is to uncouple it from the wholesale gas price, which is in the powers of the UK Government to do, which would have an immediate impact in bringing down electricity costs for those who are using electric-based heat pumps. One of the other measures that the UK Government could take to help to offset the very high costs of energy in rural areas—those who are off-grid—is to regulate the oil market, which would help to reduce the costs of heating oil for many households who are dependent on it. Despite a request for them to do so, they have continued to refuse to make that part a regulated sector. To ask the Scottish Government how the national planning framework 4 will help to address vacant, derelict and abandoned buildings on land, including across Aberdeen city. Minister Tom Arthur We know that vacant and derelict land and buildings are a blight on communities and are challenging to deal with, and often result in local authorities and other agencies bearing the costs to keep them safe. National planning framework 4 will change the way we plan our places and support Scotland's journey to becoming a net zero nation. The draft NPR4 published in November 2021 proposed strengthening national planning policy to prioritise the reuse of vacant and derelict land and buildings to reduce impacts on communities and contribute to climate change targets. We are giving careful consideration to the wealth of views on the draft NPR4 from both the public and this Parliament to inform the final version. The finalised draft framework will be laid in Parliament once this process is complete. Jackie Dunbar Scotland has almost 11,000 hectares of vacant and derelict urban land. That means that almost a third of the Scottish population lives within 500 metres of a derelict site. Those sites blight communities, harm wellbeing and limit opportunities, but they could be so much more. Can the minister outline what action is available to local authorities like Aberdeen City to deal with those sites? Can he commit the Scottish Government to continuing to address those sites as a priority? I fully understand that local authorities can direct development to vacant and derelict land through their local development plan. In our draft national planning framework 4, we proposed strengthened national planning policy to prioritise development of vacant and derelict land. If approved by Parliament and adopted, our updated policies in the finalised NPR4 will directly influence planning decisions. Our £50 million vacant and derelict land investment programme was launched in 2021 to complement our existing investment support for place-based regeneration across Scotland. We are keen for all authorities, including Aberdeen City Council, to work with their communities and other partners to develop suitable project proposals and apply to the programme. Thank you, Presiding Officer. To ask the Scottish Government whether it supports property purchases, direct payment to property owners and the use of non-disclosure agreements as a means of removing objections to large-scale windfarm applications. The Scottish Government does not support such measures. Our planning and consenting systems ensure that all relevant parties, including individuals and local communities, can have their say on development proposals, including for large-scale windfarms. It is beneficial for all those with an interest in the proposal to provide their comments where they wish to do so. I cannot recommend that individuals give up their right to comment, but if they choose to do so, then that is a matter for them. Oliver Mundell, I thank the minister for that very clear answer. Make no mistake, such agreements are destroying rural communities, turbocharging rural depopulation and changing the character of our uplands forever. Will the minister urgently seek a review as to how such impacts are monitored and assessed during the application process? Sadly, those are becoming the new norm and they are corrupting our planning process. I thank the member for his supplementary, and I am happy to consider what he has asked me to do. I would also welcome the opportunity to meet with the member to discuss in more detail, in particular if he can provide evidence of the matters that he has raised.


The Lagos State Governor, Babajire Somolou, has commissioned 480 housing units of Lagos Homes at Ibeshe Ikorodu. The Governor also performed the groundbreaking ceremony of Lagos Homes Ibeshe II. He said his administration had created 16,904 jobs through the construction in various housing schemes. Possibly Africa's Lagos State Government House Correspondents Love Ikoku Uyedokun tells us more. Another set of housing units been commissioned by Governor Babajire Somolou to ensure Lagos Homes live in good and decent homes. The estate is to be known as Babatunde Ulusola Bensi, BOS State. Governor Somolou believes that this will enhance the quality of life and promote a general sense of well-being. The Governor hinted that provision of housing remains one of the mandates of his administration and is a clear testimony of fulfilment of electoral promises. Our ultimate goal is to build homes within livable surroundings and to create a livable communities where our values are protected and are cherished. Houses are good, but homes are ultimate. In developing and competing these schemes, we are putting in mind the total well-being of our people. We want our families to be nurtured in good environments and our children brought up within good settings so that the legacy of excellence can continue into the future. Somolou is sure of providing well over 7,000 homes by the time his administration is marking the third anniversary. Apart from the one being commissioned here today, three housing schemes are virtually ready and are waiting commissioning at Shungwote Do in Ajah area at Odoanosa and Yondelu and Anaboa. It is also our expectation that by the time this administration is making a third anniversary, a total of over 7,000 homes would have been delivered to his people. The State Commissioner for Housing, Honourable Moruf Akin De Rufotai said the commissioning ceremony showed the readiness of the present administration to drive with great vigor in an all-round development of the state. The fact that it is here again to be, to increase the housing, to release the good to the good people of Lagos, another housing scheme, why continue the commencement of another scheme is a signal that development of the state of excellence is a continuous work. The state government has been working on the completion of all the housing scheme initiated but left unfinished by previous administrations in the state. It was a two-in-one event as Governor Somolou also performed Lagos Homes Ibeche, Phase 2 groundbreaking.


Wake and Funeral Service details for Dennis Banks, the leader and co-founder of the American Indian Movement who died on Sunday at the age of 80 are now set. Wake will be held in Minneapolis tomorrow night. There will also be an all night wake on Thursday at Northern Lights Casino and Walker and on Friday at the Battle Point Community Center in Federal Dam. Traditional burial services will be held on Saturday at Bugha Nagashig Cemetery at Battle Point. Banks was born on the Leech Lake Indian Reservation. All Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe government offices will be closed on Friday, so staff may attend services for banks. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


Hello everyone, my name is Martina and I'm from Sweden I live in Switzerland where our company Destinus is headquartered and we're building the airplanes of the future so Destinus is a European company with offices in four different countries around Europe and we are developing Hydrogen-powered airplanes that will go much faster than any airplane you've seen before and really challenged the limit of space and time so in today's world time and flexibility are of the highest values to most of us many of you are living and working across different continents and different time zones with your homes and your your offices being spread across different countries around the world and We know that it really makes a difference to see people face-to-face It's really worth it when you take a trip to see a colleague a friend or partners in another country Even if it's on the other side of the world so the airplane industry and the aviation has really transformed the way that we live work and relate to one another it If you can imagine steamboats and the way we used to transport before Imagine if we had that today would be a whole different society We have really connected with each other in a different way through transportation Over the past 70 years. We've seen a lot of advancements in the aviation industry. We are flying further We are building bigger planes so that we can carry more passengers and the airplanes have become a lot safer as well But there's still a big gap when it comes to fast long-range transportation If you still have to embark on a 20-hour journey if you want to go all the way from Helsinki to Sydney I don't know if any of you have a try and go into Australia before but it's quite a tough route So not only that that it takes a painfully long time It also has a massive impact on the environment aviation industry contributes to 2.5 percent of carbon emissions and I'm sure many of you have felt guilty from time to time for flying. I certainly have we're still trying to You know eat vegetarian turn off the lights or We're trying to recycle and take electric cars But when it comes to flying there's really no other reasonable alternative when we want to go far distances So at Destinus, we're trying to change this We're trying to tackle this big elephant in the room by developing a new type of Transportation system that will challenge the way that we live and work around the world And we're doing this by using hydrogen as fuel with its high energy capacity and its abundance I mean you can create it from water. We can develop airplanes that will go above the speed of sound They will be able to go extremely long ranges and with zero carbon emissions so hydrogen is really the fuel of the future for aviation and a lot of the airline executives agree with me on that and You're probably wondering what about the noise if we're flying above the speed of sound There will be a sonic boom. So how will we tackle this? Well, what we're doing is we're mapping out routes that will be above unpopulated lands so over the deserts and also over the oceans in order to reach far distances across the world So that's why we're also designing these airplanes to be very long range So you will be able to reach any place on earth in about four hours Imagine if you can go to Australia and see the kangaroos just over a weekend Or you can go on a lunch meeting in Silicon Valley just over the day That would change and transform the way we live work and relate to one another So you're probably wondering how will we do this? We're gonna be developing a cutting-edge technologies that are in between the space industry and aviation industry We'll design a novel Arrow shape of a vehicle We will master cryogenics. So in other words handling of extremely cold We're talking minus 250 degrees fluids and we're already doing this today. And then of course put together an 18 We already have 80 people in the company and we were founded just last year We raised 35 million euros so far in private investments. We have flown two prototypes and I will show you a video just after this slide and We also started testing with hydrogen and that was just a some weeks ago So we're setting up one of the biggest hydrogen test rigs that you'll see in Europe and one of the only ones as well So this is a video of our second prototype Iger. So we flew it in October Actually its first flight was in April. We designed built and flew it in just six months time Our next prototype will look very similar to this Be about the same size, but it will cross the sound barrier and we're gonna do that already end of next year Then by 2025 we will be introducing a prototype that can fly six times the speed of sound hypersonic speeds So today at Slush, I want to do something special. I Want to reveal something that we have not done in public before and that is our our next product roadmap This is new. This is the first time that I'm showing it here And this is three classes that we plan to deliver over the next two decades So we're gonna be building in the first vehicle that will fly transatlantic And it will have around 25 passengers the second vehicle will fly trans Pacific and it will have about 100 passengers And then our final Grand product will be able to fly anywhere on this earth and it will have about 400 passengers So that's about the same size as the largest intercontinental flights of today And this is what it would look like So our first vehicle we call it Destinus S We're gonna introduce it to the market already by the end of this decade and You're probably wondering how are we gonna be able to do this? Well, we're gonna use some existing technologies So that we can go faster to market and then we're gonna be innovating on some areas as well Specifically, we will be innovating on the hydrogen afterburner technology We will also be innovating in terms of the autopilot system as well as the structure and The cooling system to cool the leading edges of the vehicle So expect to see airplanes like this flying in the in the sky at the end of this decade from Paris to New York or London to Miami in just one and a half hours And you're probably thinking that this is gonna be super expensive Well, actually we do believe that the hydrogen price is gonna drop significantly We see a lot of hydrogen projects around the world right now And we expect the price to to go down to about one to two dollars per kilogram And and and we want to make this available for business and economy class passengers alike So getting down the cost is extremely important for us and these products will really Transform the aviation industry. Let's face it if you can take a flight from Helsinki to Silicon Valley in just a couple of hours That will completely transform and challenge time space and human potential Thank you


All right, let's do this in a very special welcome. If you're new here, my name is Jen. I'm a certified weight loss and nutrition coach. I follow weight watchers and I count calories and macros. Happy Sunday and welcome to the video. So many of you have been waiting for a video that I'm excited to film, but kind of dreading to film at the same time. This is going to be a massive, massive, massive life update. I have so much to share with you guys. We're going to talk about my body scan, plastic surgery, my goal weight, what's happening here with my channel and something else that I've never shared with you. And that is my weight. I have never told you what I weigh. I tell you how much I lose gain every single week. I tell you how much I've lost overall. You know that my starting weight was over 300 pounds, but I've never shared with you the weight that I'm at. And today's the day. And there are several reasons why it's important for me to share my actual weight with you. And we'll get into that in this massive update video. So this is probably going to be a long one. So grab a drink, grab a snack, cozy up because we have a lot to talk about. Before we jump in to all of these updates, don't forget to subscribe, turn your bell on so you never miss a video. I do upload five videos every single week. And down in the description box, you are going to find nutrition coaching. I am a weight loss and nutrition coach. And I offer personalized macros and calories, which is what has contributed to a large amount of weight loss for me, as well as accountability with one-on-one coaching. And of course, just if you'd like to talk with me directly, you'll also find links and discounts to my favorite things. Anything we talk about in today's video, anything I share with you, I'll put it all down in the description box, as well as my Facebook group. We would love to have you come and join us over there. We're 26,000 member strong. It is supportive and it's a great way to keep up with me and ask your questions and of course, get support. So all of that will be down in the description box. So where do I begin? I mean, there are so many things that I want to talk with you guys about that I don't even honestly know where to start. Let's start with my body scan. I had a body scan on November 30th of 2022. And I talked about it here on my channel. Let you guys know that I was going to have this body scan because I was very interested in how much lean muscle I had, how much fat that I still had to lose or could possibly lose. Where was I with bone density, water? What are my measurements? Where am I as far as being healthy and fit? I just wanted all the information. So I found this CrossFit gym about 45 minutes from me that did a body scan.  I'm going to pop some information here on the screen from you from my body scan so that it makes a little bit more sense when I'm walking through it with you.  Let you know what your BMR is, which is your basal metabolic rate, and if you had any health risks. So you can see the images of my body scan here. This is my actual body as they took my measurements. Now, one thing that you have to be aware of with these types of body scans, especially for someone like me, that's lost a lot of weight. When it's taking my measurements and determining these factors, am I healthy? How much fat do I have? Am I at risk of certain health diseases? It's also taking into account my skin because it's taking a measurement and it doesn't know the difference between fat and skin. And I do have quite a bit of loose skin, especially in places like my back on the sides here of my breast, my thighs, my stomach. So these measurements and these statistics are also based on the circumference including my skin. So they are tweaked and skewed just a little bit. So according to the scan, my body fat percentage was 35.9. Now ideally, you want to be about 28% or less. So this shows that I do still have fat to lose. However, my lean body mass was 61%, which is fantastic. That basically means that I do have a lot of lean muscle. You can see my bone mass, fat mass, lean muscle. So 70% of my total weight was fat, 119% of my total weight was lean mass, and then 5.5% was bone mass, along with a few other types of masses.   So this is the scary fat. This is the fat that leads to health issues. Mine is extremely low, which made me really happy.  Again, mine very, very low. So these two numbers along with my lean muscle mass and lean body mass made me really happy. It also showed my body composition. You can see that I have, again, have a fat mass of 35.9%. And then 64% of my body is fat-free mass. So you can say, see that I rank average when it comes to fat. I have an average amount of fat on my body, which means technically I don't have to lose any more fat. However, to get to the fit category, I would need to lose about eight pounds at the time of this body scan. So for me, that was something I was interested in doing, potentially losing those last eight pounds or so to get from the average amount of fat on my body to a little bit more fit. You can see too that I have 30% lower fat on my body than other women my age. This was also really exciting, considering I came from morbidly obese to being healthier and trimmer by 30% more than other women age 47. So you can see that it gave me a fat loss goal of about 8.3 more pounds of fat would put me into the fit rank. It shows that I do five workouts a week or heavy exercise and that I should be able to reach my goal by January 24th, 2023. It's also going to give me my BMR, basal metabolic rate is basically the calories that your body burns doing nothing. If you laid in bed, if you were in a coma, I would need to eat 1,597 calories. We always want to eat more, several hundred more than our BMR. So this is actually saying that I burn about 27,15 calories every single day and in order to be in a mild calorie deficit of about 500 calories per day, which should lead to about a pound of weight loss every week, that I should be eating about 2,209 calories. This falls in line with me calculating my own macros as a weight loss and nutrition coach and anything below the 2,209 will just put me in a little bit more of a calorie deficit, which should lead to a little bit more than one pound of fat loss per week. But a healthy deficit is about 500 calories per day or one pound per week. It measured my waist circumference showing that it was putting me at a moderate risk of disease, but you also have to remember that these numbers are going to be skewed because of my loose skin. And I have quite a bit of loose skin on my lower back, which is around my waist area. And my waist to hip ratio also puts me at a high risk. Again, that's where you're going to find a lot of my loose skin. So overall, I have a moderate risk of health diseases based on the measurements of my body scan. Again, these are skewed, even the woman who owns the CrossFit gym that did my scan said that as soon as I have skin removed, these numbers will look very, very different. And I would be in a low risk category for health related diseases. So the body scan overall was very, very informative. I'm so glad that I did it. If you can find one in your area, even if you can find a DEXA, I think it's a DEXA body scan. I highly recommend it gives you some peace of mind, knowing that even though your weight may be higher than what the BMI chart recommends, which we don't go by the BMI chart ever, we'll chat about that a little bit more. But my weight is substantially higher than the high end on the BMI chart, yet based on my body scan, I am at a healthy weight.  Sure. But I'm at an average healthy weight. And if I didn't lose another single pound, or I would still be considered healthy and at a good weight. Now, of course, there's inches that can be lost to put me at a little bit less risk for diseases. But again, that is very skewed due to loose skin. So overall, my body scan just confirmed with me that I'm at a healthy weight. And really, as of November 30th, 2022, I really don't have to lose any more weight. And by losing about eight more pounds, I would go from the average category to the fit category. And with that being said, you guys know that fitness is very important to me. When I started my weight loss journey, it wasn't to become skinny. I never wanted to be skinny. My goal was to be fit and healthy and develop and build solid lean muscles so that I can watch TV and burn calories, because that sounds pretty good to me. And the more lean muscle we have on our body, we burn calories at rest. And that's exactly what our goal should be, not skinny, but lean, fit and healthy. So would I love to lose those eight pounds to get into the fit category? Absolutely. Will a lot of those eight pounds come off with skin removal surgery? Absolutely. So it put me kind of in that floating space again, going, do I try to lose more weight or am I just what I am right now? And then we'll see what happens when and if the skin gets removed. So that leads me into skin and extra skin and skin removal. A few months ago, I spoke with you guys about looking into the possibility of having some cosmetic surgery, some plastic surgery to remove loose skin. Now I've lost almost 140 pounds. So coming with massive weight loss like that, you can expect to have loose skin. I mean, it's really, truly unavoidable. And in fact, a lot of you have said that you're scared to lose a lot of weight because you're going to have loose skin. Let me tell you from personal experience that even if I had two, three, four, five times the loose skin that I have right now, I would do this all over again because loose skin is way better than being 100, 150, 200 pounds overweight, even 50 pounds overweight. The little bit of loose skin that you're going to have is so much less important than all the health risks, how uncomfortable you are overweight, how hard, how it is hard to just move your body and do day to day tasks. I would, like I said, have loose skin over and over again before ever putting 140 pounds back on my body. But again, with massive weight loss, you can expect to have loose skin and lots of it when you lose over 100 pounds. Lucky for me, I have been taking a collagen supplement for the last couple of years. I put it in my coffee every morning. I use collagen for her. I will link it down below for you. Collagen helps with skinny elasticity. So that's going to help my skin bounce back the best that it can. Now the younger you are, the more likely your skin is to bounce back the older you are, the more likely you are to have a little bit more loose skin. And I'm 47 years old. So the likelihood of me having a body like I would have if I lost this weight at 20 is pretty unlikely. I'm going to have a little bit more loose skin. Also, by strength training and building lean muscle, you can essentially fill in some of that loose skin with lean muscle. So that's been a focus for me as well. Now, obviously you're not going to fill in all the loose skin and the only way to get rid of loose skin. The only way is to have it removed by having cosmetic surgery. And like I said, I have some loose skin. I have a little bit of loose skin on my arms. Not a lot. I'm very, very grateful that my arms bounced back and that I've actually been able to build visible lean muscle, especially in my upper body. I have quite a bit of loose skin on my inner thighs. That's one of my main problem areas aesthetically. Now, does it bother me? Is it something that affects my day to day life? No. By wearing a good compressive leg into the gym, I can run, I can work out and that skin doesn't flop around, even though there is quite a bit of it on my inner thighs. I also have a little bit of loose skin on my stomach. Not a lot, but a little bit. Where it would warrant having a mini tummy tuck, if that was something that I was interested in, it would really firm up that area and flatten out that area. It would definitely make it a little bit more aesthetically pleasing where I could wear crop tops or a two-piece bathing suit. Right now, due to the loose skin on my stomach, I would not be comfortable in a two-piece bathing suit. I even struggle with the loose skin on my thighs and how comfortable I am in a bathing suit. So right now, your girl's wearing a one-piece, but if I were to have a tummy tuck, a mini tummy tuck, that would help that area as well. But for me, my biggest problem area when it comes to loose skin is my back. Now, I carried a lot of weight in my back. As you can see, I'm popping up pictures and things as I'm sharing this with you. So you can see for yourself why I have as much loose skin on my back as I do.  I'm actually getting some muscle definition and it looks nice and trim and lean. It's my lower back. So below my bra line down to above my butt is where a lot of that loose skin is.  It's not just floppy loose skin. I mean, it flops, but it has some mass to it. So it looks like fat. So when I'm wearing clothing that's tight or revealing in the back area, it looks like I have these rolls of fat. And I'm very, very, very self-conscious about it. It is the one area of my body that I truly dislike. And I feel like all the hard work I've put in just doesn't pay off with all of that loose skin on my back. Even the body scan couldn't differentiate between skin and fat.  And it's hard. It's hard to be confident in my body when I have that skin on my back. And the other area of my body that has suffered a lot, like I mentioned, is my breast. I have a lot of loose skin around the bra line. I mean, enough that I can pull it out. I have to tuck it into things along with tucking in my breast. I had a pretty large breast. So I have a lot of breast tissue. So they just hang there. I mean, TMI, this video is about updates, including loose skin. So they just hang there and they're very unattractive.   And it just makes me look bigger than I am. I look bigger around than I am. I measure bigger around than I truly am. And even with all of my massive weight loss, my bra size has not changed that much. My cup size has changed, but my around has not changed very much. And that is because I carry a lot of loose skin in that area. I should be several sizes down in a bra and I'm not. And that is because of the loose skin. So the breast area, the sides here and my back are my biggest problem areas. Those are the areas that for me, I want to have those remedied so that I feel more confident and that I can really reap all the rewards of the hard work that I've put in to lose almost 140 pounds. So I did quite a bit of research into plastic surgery. I had several plastic surgery consultations. I had one in Tucson. I had one from a plastic surgeon in Beverly Hills. I had a couple of plastic surgery consults with some surgeons in Mexico and Tijuana. And I am excited to announce for the first time here on my channel that not only have I made the official decision to have skin removal surgery, but I have a date booked. I've already paid a deposit. I've already booked my hotel and I am having skin removal surgery on May 17 of this year. I am going to CER hospital in Tijuana, Mexico. And I am so excited. I have a very good friend who had several plastic surgery procedures from this same hospital, same plastic surgeon. I know several people who have utilized CER hospital and it has rave, rave, rave reviews. So I'm actually flying down to San Diego on May 16. And then they pick you up, take you over the border into Tijuana where I will spend about a week between having my plastic surgery and then going to the hotel, which is also a 24 hour recovery house. So I'll have 24 hour round the clock care. If I need anything, if I need my bandages changed, if I need food, water, I have a nurse available to me the entire time. And I have a king bed in my room overlooking the ocean. I mean, what could be better for recovery? So I'll be in Mexico for about a week to go through the plastic surgery process. So what plastic surgery am I having? So I am having what is called a back lift. So what that means is they're going to take my lower back and basically lift it up, remove all of the loose skin. So I will have a scar across my entire back line. So basically across where your bra strap goes, I will have a scar there. It'll be covered up by a bra.  Absolutely. But it is well worth it to me to get the skin removed on my lower back. I am also having what is called an extended breast lift. So basically the cut and the scar is going to connect to the scar for my back lift and come all the way around and up and are going to lift my breast and then I'm having implants put in so that my breast will stay in place. The concern is because I do have quite a lot of breast tissue that if I didn't have implants, there's a possibility that they would continue to droop and sag over time. So putting in breast ham implants just ensures that they stay in place. So these are the two procedures that I've decided to have. I am skipping a tummy tuck. I'm skipping a thigh lift. Honestly, I don't see myself having either of these ever. Never say never, but for now I'm just focusing on the areas that cause me the most pain aesthetically and physically. For example, at boot camp, we run a lot. The skin on my back flaps around when I run. Even if I wear compression garments, long line sports bras, tank tops under my sweatshirt or workout top, it still flaps around. So it's something that for me not only medically but physically aesthetically needs to be taken care of and I'm so excited. I mean, it's just a couple of months away. Can you even believe it? I am going to Mexico and having my plastic surgery by myself. However, my best friend lives in San Diego. So she's 20 minutes away if I need her. Unfortunately, Troy is unable to go because someone needs to stay home and watch our dogs. And it just doesn't make sense for both of us to go, especially because my hotel is 24 hour care. I don't have to worry about any complications or issues that may happen. I will have someone available to me 24 hours a day. So that is the plastic surgery update. So incredibly excited. And on a side note, I know that you guys are very supportive and I really appreciate how supportive you are of me and how supportive you've been of me on my entire journey. If you don't think going to Tijuana is a good idea or if you don't think you'd ever go to Mexico for plastic surgery, that's fine. But this is what I have chosen to do and whatever your opinion is on Tijuana or plastic surgery in general, isn't going to change my mind. And I want to make sure that we're keeping the comment section of today's video positive. So if you disagree with me, that's okay. We can agree to disagree, but I'm excited to be going to Mexico and having this plastic surgery. The next update I have is in relation here to my channel. Now, not a whole lot is going to be changing on my channel. I'm still going to be uploading five days a week. I'm still going to be sharing points, macros, calories, all the information on my recipes, but I have chosen to step away from WW a little bit. And I'm actually only going to be tracking in the WW app one to two times per week on the day that I fill my what I've eaten a day. And then on the days that I'm filming other recipes like my meal prep, or if I'm doing a recipe video, I'll need to track in the WW app to know the amount of points for you guys. But because I know that calories and macros work so well for me and it's something that is sustainable for me long term, not only have I used it to take off the weight, but it's something I can continue to do to maintain my weight. I don't feel like I'm on a diet. I'm happy. This is the happiest I've ever been in the most successful I've ever been losing and maintaining weight. That's definitely the road that I want to take long term. So I will still, like I said, be sharing points for everything that I put out here on my channel, but for me personally, I just won't be tracking in the Weight Watchers app other than one to two times per week. Nothing else is changing here on my channel. So all the content that I've been putting out, I'll continue to put out. Let's talk about goal weight. I have been asked literally daily, sometimes multiple times a day, are you at your goal weight? What's your goal weight? You look amazing. You've met your goal weight. So let's chat about it. After having that body scan in November, I set out to lose about five more pounds, knowing that it would be two to three pounds of skin coming off during plastic surgery, but then putting the implants in, it may actually even negate that. So I really wanted to lose the last five to eight pounds to get into the more fit category and just have my overall body fat percentage drop down a little bit. Will I ever be the healthy weight on the VMI chart? Absolutely not. Absolutely not. I'm going to pop up here on the screen what my healthy weight range is for me at my height. And then I'm going to talk about my weight. And like I said, I have never shared my actual weight here on my channel. I've always shared with you guys how much I've lost that I started over 300 pounds, but I've never actually told you how much I weigh. And there's multiple reasons for that. Number one, it's personal and it's really nobody's business. And number two, I didn't want that number hanging over my head on social media, on YouTube, on Instagram, on Facebook. I wanted to just be able to work my program and get to a weight that I felt was comfortable and sustainable for me. Getting to the weight on the VMI chart is not sustainable for me. In order for me to do that, I would have to lose a lot of my lean muscle that I've worked so hard to build. And the number on the scale just is not important to me. My body, how I feel, how my body looks, is way more important to me than the number on the scale or being in the healthy weight of the VMI chart. To be honest with you, most of the population will have a very, very, very hard time sustaining a VMI chart healthy weight, even the high end of the VMI chart. And in order to get there, you would have to lose a big amount of muscle. Your body would have to be very, very lean, meaning that you don't have a lot of lean muscle. And that's just honestly not something I'm interested in. It's taken me a long time to come to terms with that. To know that I'm probably going to weigh way more on the scale than I would have than I initially set out to weigh when I set out on my health journey. I had a weight loss goal in mind. I had a number in mind. And at this stage in my weight loss journey, I'm not going to hit that number. I honestly don't know that I would ever hit that number. I mean, it would take a lot. It would take a lot, a lot for me to hit that number. And there would have to be some pretty major changes, which would mean pulling back and restricting on my food a little bit in order to lean down to that number. And it's just not worth it. It's just not worth it.  I want it to be sustainable. I don't want to reach a weight loss goal number that I can't sustain. What's the point of that? If my weight loss goal is 10 or 15 pounds lower than what's sustainable for me, what's the point of reaching that just to be upset that I gained enough that I gained weight to be at what is a sustainable goal weight for me? I would rather just set a goal in place that is sustainable. So before I share my weight with you, am I at my goal weight? No, I am not at my goal weight. Now, will I be at my goal weight once I have skin removal surgery? It's likely. I would still like to lose a few more pounds. I mean, just a couple, like five ish or so more pounds. And then I want to see what happens with plastic surgery by removing the skin. Where do I fall after I've recovered from plastic surgery? So I'm probably not going to actually declare that I'm at my goal weight until I've recovered from plastic surgery because that of course is going to skew my weight as well. You have to remember the scale measures mass.  So the fact that that skin is gone is going to skew the number currently on the scale. So I'm really not going to know if I'm at my goal weight until after I've recovered from plastic surgery. However, however, I feel very, very good where I am. And honestly, if I didn't lose any more weight, I would be okay with that 100% okay with that. I would like to really recont my body and continue to build lean muscle and muscle shows up as mass on the scale. I will tell you that my fitness coach who has like literally no body fat. I mean, she competes in fitness. She is overweight on the verge of obese on the BMI scale based on her weight because again, it is mass on the scale. I am considered overweight on the BMI chart. Actually, let me look it up. I may still be obese. Okay, so I just computed my BMI on just an online BMI calculator and it shows that my current BMI is 28.7% and that is the weight that I'm at today. So I followed the overweight category. So the overweight category for my height is 25% to 29.9. So in order for me to be a normal weight on the BMI chart, I would need to have a body fat percentage of 18.5 to 24.9 which means that I have to lose like 4% more to get to a normal weight on the BMI chart. So I just pulled up the ideal weight calculator on calculator.net. So a 47 year old female who's five feet eight inches, the ideal weight for me is 121.7 pounds to 164.4. Anything above 164.4, I would then be in the overweight category according to the BMI chart. And then it lists out four different formulas to figure out ideal weight and it looks like it falls between like 138 and 142. That is what is considered ideal for someone my age, my height. So why am I telling you all of this? Why am I sharing all of this with you? Because I weigh 189 pounds, 189. So for me to fall at the high end of the ideal weight, at the high end of the BMI chart, I would need to lose 25 pounds. Now, could I lose 25 pounds? Maybe. I would be losing a lot of lean muscle and like I said, I would really have to pull back and restrict my calories. And that's putting me at the high end. Now, if I want to get to the ideal weight, let's just say 140, I would need to lose about 50 more pounds. I do not have 50 pounds to lose. I am not interested in losing 50 pounds. I'm not even interested in losing 25 more pounds. And I'm sharing this with you because I want you to stay away from focusing your goal weight on the BMI chart and instead focus your ideal weight on you. What fits your body? The more muscle you have, the more you're going to weigh on the scale, but the leaner and healthier you're going to be, the smaller you're going to look. I am 5'8 and wear a size eight or 10 pants. I don't look like I weigh 189 pounds. I look like I weigh 150, 160 pounds, which is ideal. So you have to remember that what the BMI chart says isn't ideal for everybody and your ideal weight or your goal weight could be completely off the BMI chart. You could still be classified as overweight and it's okay. It's okay not to fall at the BMI chart. And instead of focusing your ideal weight or your goal weight on that number, focus it on what's best for you. So like I said, I'm happy at 189 pounds. I was thrilled to be under 200 pounds. And for me, I am not a small person between 180 and 190 is a great weight for me, especially because I do have quite a bit of lean muscle on my body and I want to continue to build lean muscle. So I wanted to share that with you. I wanted to actually share my weight with you so that you know what I weigh and those of you that think I'm so tiny and so skinny, I'm still considered overweight on the archaic BMI chart that should not be utilized anymore. So because I've officially shared my weight with you, I will continue to share my weight in my weekly weigh in videos. I'll now share with you how much I've lost, what my current weight is and how much I've lost overall. And I hope that by me being transparent and honest and sharing a number that may seem high to a lot of you with you, but is the reality for me helps you helps you realize that we don't have to go off some chart or some ideal that we have to go off what works for us, what lifestyle works for us. And most importantly, what is sustainable for you? What can you keep off forever? Because our goal to our goal of losing weight wasn't to gain it all back and start all over again. But now that the most daunting part of today's video is over, sharing my weight with you, let's wrap up today's huge life update video with a little bit about nutrition coaching. I did open up all access coaching, which allows you to have access to me 24 hours a day, send me your food blog, I give you food suggestions, workout suggestions, you take photos of measurements. It's basically all access coaching similar to what I have with my fitness coach, but for weight loss and nutrition. And I'm also really excited to announce that I've added another service to my website. And that is a package of five 30 minute coaching sessions. So I've always offered a one time single 30 minute coaching, coaching session, and then a package of 10 sessions. And a lot of you said that the 10 sessions was a little bit out of your budget, but you would love to have five sessions on my schedule so that we can have one on one coaching together. So I decided to go ahead and add a category for five coaching sessions to my website. It is still a discounted price off of buying five single sessions. And again, it's a great way to have a standing date with me every week, every two weeks, once a month, whatever you prefer on my schedule for coaching. Please keep in mind that when you sign up for nutrition coaching, I am usually one to two weeks out to get you on my schedule. And with plastic surgery coming up as well as quite a few other trips, that may be extended out a little bit further. So by purchasing a package, you can guarantee a date and time for your coaching sessions. So I'm really excited that I was able to add that to my website. I will put my nutrition coaching website here on the screen. It is always in the description box for you. You can purchase macros, coaching sessions, all of my recipe ebooks, all of that is found at genclaytonnutrition.com. So I hope that that helps you guys out a little bit by offering a little bit more affordable package when it comes to coaching. So those are all of my life updates. Like I said, I was excited to share everything with you, but also felt it's a little bit nervous, especially about goal weight and weight watchers and kind of where I am with everything. But like I said, you guys are always so amazing and so supportive. And I want to be as honest and transparent with you as possible. So I knew that all of the pieces of this video had to come into today, had to be put into play and to be shared with you. So of course, in the comments, let me know if you have any questions, if you have any suggestions, what your thoughts are on everything that I shared with you today. And of course, if you enjoyed the video, give it a big thumbs up, make sure you're subscribed and your bells on because there'll be more update videos coming out your way. Oh my gosh, I totally forgot. I totally forgot.  I'm taking my camera and I'm going to vlog my entire plastic surgery experience in Mexico because not only do I want to have a video out there for people considering plastic surgery or plastic surgery in Mexico or both. I want to document it for you guys to show you what the process is for having plastic surgery, what the recovery is like, the good, the bad, the ugly. I'm going to share it all here on my channel. So make sure you're subscribed and your bells on because you're certainly not going to want to miss that. And of course, check out the description box for everything I shared with you today. And of course, come join our Facebook group. We'd love to have you. Thank you guys again for everything. Thank you for your support and I'll see you in the next one. Bye.


So, with that, we are going to slide two. And it's up on you. Microphone, please. Okay, I know you said no print K questions, but I can't help myself. So, is print K okay if you're not using a serial console? No. No, okay. No, I mean, kinder. Now, there was a lot of problems inside the print K core aside of using actual consoles. So, even if you implemented a dummy console and had this as the only console driver, it was still, the print K core was still not really nice on the real-time side. That's fixed. So, now we have to address the remaining points that we actually can use print K with a console driver in a safe way. But this is not necessarily an or T problem or T just a made it even more obvious what a huge pile of duct tape print K is. I mean, we experienced that with a lot of the facilities we were looking at over in that journey.  I mean, this is a print K is very similar patterns for both infrastructures. Everybody knew that they are broken. So, from a design perspective. And a lot of people were talking about it over time, hey, we need to fix that. We need to rewrite that and we'll put a proper design in place. But all that would ever happen is there was this pile of turd, then you put duct tape over it, then you add another layer of turd, put duct tape over it. It slowly composts into concrete, but it doesn't work. So at some point you really have to bite the bullet and rewrite it. Okay, since I've got the mic, I'm going to ask an unrelated to my first question. So I've been telling people that most of the stuff is upstream. I mean, there's little by my last estimation, I looked at the patch set. There's like 80 patches and they're kind of scattered around. Most of them are related to like, I think the majority of the patches are related to the serial 8250 driver. But it's only like about 4,000 lines of code. And so I've been telling people, hey, most of it's already upstream. You don't have to apply the patch. Is that correct? No. Okay. I'll stop telling people. No, it's not correct because you still can't enable RT on the mainline kernel because we need to get the missing print K bits and pieces into place before we can do that. And then the tail on the RT patch set, which is mostly stuff, some drivers, some other tiny bits and pieces, you can turn them off. That's easy enough. But the print K ports you need to have. And then we also let Linus to pull the enable it for x86 and arm64. That comes when the threaded print K infrastructure is actually in tree. So we're not far out, but it's, yeah, most of the problems are solved now. So at least that's what Peter Mladek and John tell me. I believe it once it hits upstream. I have a question about transparent huge pages. Currently, if you are preempt RT, it's just not compatible. You cannot... No, it's disabled in the config. Yeah. But kind of... Patches are welcome. So questions, if can we do something about it? Yes, fix the transparent huge pages code in order to work with RT, which we didn't tackle because people didn't request it. I mean, the question came up every now and then. But we are focused on getting the other things done instead of playing with PHP. So there's no technically reason why it can't work. It's just the current code base doesn't work. Yeah, it's also my understanding because really transparent huge pages will help to minimize TVB misses. Yeah, sure. But I mean, there's only so much time and so many things to do. So you have to prioritize things. And I don't care much about THP before I have RT completely enabled in upstream. Why would I waste time on that?  And there's nothing which prevents other people to work on THP if they need it. I mean, we can look at it afterwards if nobody beats us to it. I'm happy not to look at THP code. I understand that you can avoid print K, but you cannot avoid THP. No, I can watch THP. I mean, there's tons of system out there which use preempt or T and avoid THP. If you're a particular application requires THP, then it's not my problem. OK, and another question. So either you send the patches where you ask some unnamed companies to provide the service to you. There's many ways how to achieve that. But you can argue in circles it's not going to happen just because. That's on the list of things to look at once the primary things are solved. But why would I work on THP if I can't enable upstream? Upstream first. That's the priority of the project. I understand. And another question about software queues. Currently, it's SCADASR default priority. Can we bump it? In RT, it's bumped already. If I remember correctly. If I have something, I looked. Soft interrupts are another piece of horror show. Yeah, the time of thread is RT. All software queue is SCADASR. But we won't change the defaults. I mean, there's user space which can tune the priorities. I mean, it might be the correct thing for your application. It might be totally wrong for a different one. Because soft interrupts are semantically ill-defined. There are context stealing. And they are not really controllable. That's one of the big issues. It's debating with, especially the network, people who are more than a decade. Yeah, exactly. Design is wrong. They defended it tooth and nail. And up to the point where they finally, a couple of months ago, admitted that they have reached the limits and they have to rethink. Yeah, it's exactly. NAPI is kind of broken in preempt RT because of its run in software queue. Yeah, but I mean, you're just complaining about facts. About facts which are well known for years. So why is nobody tackling this instead of complaining? I mean, we are working on things and trying to make it work as much as we can. But we have limited capacity. Just a short comment. You can put your NAPI into RT context. Yeah. With the software. Yeah. It was exactly my question. So it is probably answered. But I have interest in the actual state of networking. And mainly for me can control the network. So basically the network people are moving to a threaded NAPI right now. And that's also a lot of problem. It's not all problems because you still have the local, the local bottom of disablement in, in most of the places. But if they actually move completely over to threaded NAPI, then it allows to gradually remove the, the bottom of locking. You still have locks, but you spare the bottom of disable. I mean, but now a local bottom of disable is basically a big kernel lock. It's per CPU, but it's a big kernel lock because it's completely unspecified what, what it protects. It's like the big, the, the old big kernel lock, which just was, oh, it protects something, but we can tell. If you removed it, stuff broke, but you couldn't tell why. So this was a fun experiment, experience removing the big kernel lock because we actually figured it out for almost all places except one. And that's the TTY layer. Yes, it is another question from my side. Yeah. Because for a Linn network or Linn interface, it would be interesting to add some additional support into the generic TTY layer. Why are you interested in TTY? Or not TTY, but you are okay. Yeah. Because we want to do it ideally portable way to all your hardware which is available and only driver, which you have for your drivers are those which are used for the serial ports. Yeah.  I mean, good luck fixing the TTY layer. I'm not even touching it with a 10-foot pole, even if you pay me money. Yeah. No. No, it doesn't work. It can't work. I mean, if you really have requirements on the real-time side for serial communication, then we have to come up with some other mechanism, but definitely not TTY. This is unfixable. Even with the local TTY discipline? I don't think that you can fix it. It's so deeply nested into each other so you can't even isolate the serial path. It doesn't work. Because it's TTY.  Okay, people are using this stuff. But what we need is something like to send 16 bytes and read. It doesn't matter how much it needs to send. I mean, if this is the only route in co-path to that device, then you have a problem. And it is the only co-path to that device. So if we have a real requirement and a real use case for having a non-TTY-based access to certain devices, because what you're trying to do has absolutely nothing to do with TTY. Yes. Then we have to sit back and say, is there a way to actually come up with a solution which has a straight right to this device co-path? Yes, I have experience with maintaining out of TTY. You are a driver from 1.2 kernel, which is still in use. But it is then dependent exactly on single chip hardware, which is a problem. Yeah, but I mean, if that's a known problem since 1.2, I have to ask the question why people are still not having had the... or found the time to actually fix it and work with upstream to provide a secondary interface. I mean, if we have so many support for so many esoteric things in the kernel, if you come up with a reasonable good use case and a reasonable good argument why you can't use X and you need an alternative solution for that, then there's no reason not to... at least not to try and it hasn't been tried. So that's a good question because 1.2 was how many decades ago? Okay, but our protocol is niche and it's very special and nine-bit communication and so on. For this one, basically... Yeah, but the thing is, you noticed 30 years ago and you want to have access to all of your drivers and without having infrastructure, you won't get there. And I mean, waiting that somebody is going to fix the TTY layer for you, I mean, it's a good approach, but probably you wait post your retirement. Yes, for sure. At least post mine. Okay, I think that I contributed in other areas which get mainline, so this is the niche. Yeah, but I think it's doable, but it needs some thought and some work. Any other questions from the remote side? So far no questions on Zoom. No questions on Zoom. So what are we going to do? No more questions? Can we get i9-15 driver back soon? Okay, let's go. So the only way to get i9-15 driver back is to wait for the replacement driver which is currently in the works because i9-15 is unfixable. It has been coded to death. The patches we have in the real-time tree are extremely horrible. Merging them upstream, we might try, but not yet. Because we can try after we have the enablement upstream, but not before because that might set a bad sentiment. The problem is that some of the locking code paths in the i9-15 drivers are completely home-brewed and out of any rational locking scheme in the world. That's one of the reasons why people started to implement a new i9-15 driver stack because this old thing is you can't fix it by any reasonable effort. But the replacement driver stack is coming along. So I just have to wait for it. I was fearing that question to come up. Interesting enough, i9-15 fits perfectly into the same category of train racks in the kernel which we fix up or try to fix up over time. It was a masterpiece of duct tape engineering. If I can ask, do we have a list of things to avoid? Like you mentioned TTI layer, i9-15 driver, what else? With the hacky patches in the real-time patch set, the i9-15 driver works by some definition of works. It's not in the way. What you want to avoid is, in your real-time task, using the TTY layer, that's going to end up badly. If you do printf in your highest priority task, so be it. That's fine, you can. Whether that's a good idea or not depends. Probably it's not a good idea. But that's basic knowledge that has nothing to do with the TTY layer because printf is basically a write. Do we have other areas that should be avoided? Like maybe, I don't know, FATFS or BATFS or, I don't know? No, I mean the file systems are most... I haven't seen any file system related issue for many, many years. I was getting the ButterFS latency but they were in the 30 microseconds. It's a very long latency. Maybe, I haven't seen any of those or at least nobody talked to me about those. I mean, yes, there's always going to be something where people needlessly slap a pre-empty disable somewhere in the code and we can't prevent that. You have to observe it, you have to get to find it, to fix it. Tell the people, don't do it, please. I mean, that's the missing documentation part. I urgently need to find the cycles to complete the kernel developers guide to RT. So we can point the people to, hey, you should read this first. In the ButterFS example that I was showing on my presentation, the lock was made by Sebastian so you can ping him. Yeah, but it's a... No, it is a useful... But that's a regular lock. That's not a preempt problem. So I mean, yeah, file systems usually stay out of the way because they are not in a part of your real-time computations. You better not. I mean, if you write your log file from your real-time task, fine. You ask for it. If the disk stores, hey, you wait 30 seconds. Even if it's on something like a memory, the file system, like memdisk. Ah, that might work. But seriously, don't do it. No, I mean, the thing is, it just violates all the principles of real-time. And that's not a Linux-specific problem. It's a read documentation of any particular real-time operating system that we all tell you, don't use write, don't use read, don't use this, don't use that because they all say, read your data upfront or if you have to feed data continuously, then have some non-real-time thread which, and large enough, buffers so you can guarantee that your data is dear. If you need to write large amounts of log data, do it the other way around. Stick it in a ring buffer. Let somebody else take care of it. That's basics. You should have learned that at school. But doing it in a real-time context is definitely wrong. Independent of Linux. Microphone, please. Yeah, but there are real-use cases where you have data streaming info from, for example, cameras or radar sliders in automotive world. Say you have, I don't know, half a gigabit per second streaming in real-time and you need to handle it in real-time. I mean, that's a system design problem, really. Because you can do it and people actually do it. I mean, depending on how you set up your system, you need a dedicated network queue for that. You do not want to have other unrelated traffic on the same interface than it actually works. But that's a system design problem. There's no general recipe how to make that work. I mean, if you have one network queue where you do get your camera stream in and on the same network queue you have megabytes of HTTP traffic, you lost. No, it's of course. But even though if I have separate network, I have problems with network stack. That is not very friendly to real-time, starting with NAPI. Yeah, it's not very friendly to real-time. Actually, you can tune it to a point where it works reasonably good. I mean, people do it out here. There's definitely a lot of things which can be improved. But again, this is extremely use case dependent. There's another call-type dependent which path through the network stack you're taking. People use XDP in order to avoid some of the issues. There's so many options. There's no general recipe to address that. I mean, XDP zero copy removes a lot of the network stack issues. So I've got a question that's maybe tangential to RT, but maybe not. So you guys are Intel employees or how does that work? No. So what happened? Linutronics are still Linutronics employees. Well, no, but I mean, so I read an article that Linutronics was acquired by Intel. Yeah, so it's just the stockholders changed. Oh, stockholder changed. Okay. So I was just wondering, is Intel funding some work on RT? That's a customer, so I don't know if you could comment on that. Intel always funded RT work via the RT projects. Yeah. Yeah. I mean, Intel has as much interest as ARM to make this work. Yeah, Intel and ARM and TI and NI and a variety of others have been, and Red Hat, of course, of course, have been strong supporters. Yes, Seaman, thank you. Anyhow, we've had, like they've been a tremendous resource for making this actually possible with all the preempt RT upstream. It's been a long journey and they've been with us through it and very much appreciate the sponsors who've been making this work. One. For it to start on LKML. Yes. Yes. So for me personally, it started in end of 1999. So next year it's going to be 25. Yeah. It's a long journey and there's a lot of things we need to address and to improve over time, but there's only so much capacity. Yeah, I tried this trick of working day and night, but it doesn't work out. It doesn't make things more effective.  That might be helpful too. Intel the order of people not to invent new problems. So yeah, no, it's, we're going and tackle things as they come along. Last question. I think we are over the time already. Okay. So as far as I understand, cyclic test is known. Good return application. Is there another application that can be used? No, I mean, cyclic test has a purpose, but it doesn't, it doesn't resemble any particular real world application. Cyclic test has a purpose to test certain aspects of the system. Do we have an example application that is known good? Everybody's application, but the problem is that the, there's the variety in the requirements for the particular workloads or so. Why it is there like good example. Somewhere. No, I don't know. No. I mean, cyclic test is a reference implementation and which tests something. There are test suites which test other aspects, but what, what's the, I mean, your real time applications, what they vary in complexity, they vary in requirements. Very simple ones, purely periodic driven and very complex ones, which are multi-threaded, depend on network input and whatever. Okay. We can start with some simple example. So we have tried to do that for our students. So it would be something like motion control with simple PID running a real time task processing the hardware through the M map interface. Whatever if it can come up with a synthetic version of that, which actually does not require special hardware. Fine. Yeah. So I mean, that's the whole problem of tests and benchmarks and whatever is that you need to be able to run it. Basically without hardware restrictions. Otherwise they are useless if they just work on one particular system in the, on the planet, then exactly one person on the planet will use it. It all would be to have open source FPGA and to be able to run it on it. Everybody can. Yeah, sure. But who has the open source FPGA? Intel can. We are back to exactly that. Intel can. Yeah. The problem is if you, if you want to have something which can be, can be tested widespread and also integrated into continuous integration robots and stuff like that, depending on special hardware is really a bad idea. I mean, unless you can provide the, the CI infrastructure with enough hardware, you need to integrate it and run it for you. But unless that happens, these tests or yeah, you can run it and report back. And there's infrastructure for the CI tests. When you have your special CI infrastructure based on your special hardware based on your test application, you can actually feed back the, the information feedback regressions and stuff. That's, that makes a lot of sense in, in, in, in the context of this is my special reference thing. But other than that, I mean, it's cool if it's open source, but it's not helpful if, if I can't run it because debugging it is then impossible if I don't have access to the, to the hardware. So you have to have, provide the debugging to that's the downside. Okay. So I'm not longer in the way between you and the board. I'm sorry. Thank you.


So we decided to anchor EIF organization on the resolution 1325. And we took it up from there to work through with other women, you know, between 2018 and 2011 there were a lot of things happening in Sudan, with the Sudan elections, the census, and the South Sudan referendum. So we ran with the resolution, mobilizing women to participate in the elections, in the census, as well as in the referendum of South Sudan.


Brilliant's Audio presents the unabridged recording of The Secret Mistress by Mary Balog, performed by Anne Flosnick. CHAPTER ONE Lady Angeline Dudley was standing at the window of the taproom in the rosin-crown inn east of Reading. Quite scandalous that she was alone there. But what was she to do? The window of her own room looked out only upon a rural landscape. It was picture-asking up, but it was not the view she wanted. Only the taproom window offered that, looking out as it did upon the inn-yard into which any new arrival was bound to ride. Angeline was waiting with barely-curd dim- CHAPTER TWO Sample complete. Ready to continue?