The concept of time travel, witnessing historical events, or altering the course of the future, has been the subject of countless books, movies, and discussions. While the idea may seem far-fetched, scientific theories and possibilities have emerged that explore the feasibility of time travel. One such theory is based on Einstein's theory of relativity, which suggests that time is not a fixed entity, but rather a dimension that can be manipulated. Wormholes, black holes, and cosmic strings have been proposed as potential gateways to the past or future. However, the practicality and ethical implications of time travel remain a subject of intense debate and exploration. As our understanding of the universe deepens, the question of whether time travel is possible continues to spark curiosity and intrigue, pushing the boundaries of scientific inquiry and human imagination. Join us on The Physics Partner, and subscribe to embark on an extraordinary journey of scientific exploration like never before.


nd that specific problem is going to be based on loading the Postgres buffer cache extension and looking at your actual buffer cache behavior in order to figure out where your problem is otherwise you're not going to touch this so I don't have general advice for when you would actually tinker with the BG writer settings except under one circumstance which is if you're running in ephemeral Postgres node then you'll actually set BG writer LLU max pages to something really super high in order to avoid the BG writer from running at all but it's a fable setting. So replication thoughts went over, all the replication settings went over so there are a bunch of things for tuning the network activity of replication this is again very fine great stuff the settings I didn't go over are mostly hey how often should the standby pole, the master, etc again if you're going to be messing with these are going to be addressing a kind of specific network and timeout situation so there aren't general sort of setting recommendations for these, the settings are there if you do need to tune those I did mention that there are other cost contents you can set one of the ones that people mess with sometimes is this one sequential page cost and that sequential page cost is what is the cost of a single table scan tuple and that is the base number that all of the numbers are multipliers of and the main reason for people changing this is they are trying to get that cost number that the query planner reports when you do an explain to match up with time in milliseconds I think this is a fool's errand because it never actually works and in the meantime you're making your costs look all weird but if you do find, if you inherit a Postgres database and somebody has changed that sequential page cost that was probably what they were doing now there are a whole bunch of settings all of these enable settings these enable settings are for interactive query tuning so you do an explain it's really slow you see it's doing a huge merge join you say hey I wonder if that we're not doing a merge join if that was doing like a hash join or a nest loop instead would it have been faster? well I'm going to turn, I'm going to hit enable merge join equals off if you are setting these enable settings in the postgres.conf file you have done something wrong and that's probably an indication that something else is really out of whack in your database like effective cache size is set to one megabyte or something else and a really gross statistic is bad and people are trying to fix that by doing these enable settings GEQO is the genetic query optimizer for queries that are too complicated to plan exhaustively I'm just not going to get into that because we only have 10 minutes left I have gone over the parallel settings and then we've got a whole bunch of other cost settings again you need an education on the cost planner and looking at a lot of the query settings to actually look at how to set these one that is actually kind of interesting is constraint exclusion this actually enables something so constraint exclusion says if I am scanning a whole bunch of tables that are going to be appended to each other can I drop individual tables from that if I don't think that they have any rows that comply with the query and the main time that you do that is if the table is partitioned because one of the big query optimizations for optimizing query is to say hey this table is partitioned I want to drop partitions out of the scan if I don't think those partitions have any compliant rows usually based on table constraints and that's why it's called constraint exclusion on defined set of constraints on each partition segment so for that reason this is set to partition by default which is what most people want if you set this to on then this also applies to union and union all queries which if you do a lot of union and union all and intersect and accept queries can actually be a useful performance optimization otherwise leave this to the default oh and if you think that there's some sort of weird error in constraint exclusion obviously you can try turning this off interactively and see what happens from join collapse limit are the opposite of genetic query optimization on which they say hey part of the exhaustively planning queries is to say hey I'm joining 7 tables and I can actually join these in any order but the problem is that that's not unlimited this is a joining table as a traveling salesman problem so if you said hey I have 130 tables I can join these in any order well in that case you better be available to check out that quantum computer that IBM has because otherwise that query plan is never going to finish I actually kind of feel that the default limit is kind of low as in based on current processor speeds and that sort of thing this could be 12 but not a lot higher than that and frankly most people are not doing more than 8 table joins anyway but if you do a lot of analytics queries consider raising something like 12 20 is going to be too high let's see anything else that's interesting because we only have about 5 minutes left stats temp directory this is actually a useful performance optimization and I may throw this into extra.com for the future it has external dependencies which is Postgres maintains a buffer file of changes to table stats like how many rows you have and how many updates have been made and that sort of thing in order to batch writes to the permanent stats file because otherwise writes to the permanent stats file would become an IO problem normally this file is a file handle located in the gdata directory itself which means that periodically the operating system will flush it to disk when it accumulates a certain number of 30 pages if you have a very high write rate database you can actually improve performance by moving that to a tempfs because if it's in a tempfs the operating system will never flush 30 pages to disk and it doesn't matter it's disposable data it's just a buffer if postgres crashes and you lose the data it means that you lose the last 10 minutes of updates to the postgres stats so if you are in a high concurrency high write rate situation do consider moving this to a temp file and then changing this variable to tell postgres where to write it to the ok pass that track functions that actually logs statistics about execution postgres functions stored procedures if you do use a lot of stored procedures you might actually want to turn that on and by turn that on turn it to the setting pl which means user stored procedures as opposed to the stored procedures that are built into postgres as part of the system because if you just set that to on it will log every stored procedure execution including postgres system functions which generates way the hell too much output these are auto vacuum tuning parameters again I have actually tuned these for cases where the defaults feel a little bit conservative etc you're not going to deal with them most of the time particularly as postgres improves we have auto vacuum do less and less work and so tuning it becomes less and less important and let's see we'll do whatever the next setting is here that is interesting so auto vacuum makes workers an auto vacuum nap time these two things go together and again like I said some people have situations where they have literally thousands of tables a common thing for this is a database back in a multi-tenant application in which every tenant gets their own set of tables common pattern can result in you having 300,000 tables maximum I've ever seen in production was 2 million tables although alvaro harera proved that you can actually do a billion tables in postgres that's the practical limit because we run out of file set of handles on the operating system but if you have a lot of tables and by a lot I mean hundreds I mean thousands then you're going to need a lot more auto vacuum demon spawning so then you might raise auto vacuum demon auto vacuum max workers to five or ten or twelve again also depending on the number of cores you have because these are parallel processes right the other thing you might do is normally what these auto vacuum workers do is they do some work they vacuum part of a table and then they go to sleep and they go to sleep is defined by an auto vacuum nap time and if you find that auto vacuum is not keeping up because you have a lot of tables it can actually be better to decrease auto vacuum nap time down to say five seconds than it is to raise the number of parallel workers particularly because the parallel workers tend to start about the same time so if you have an auto vacuum nap time of 60 seconds what can happen is if those auto vacuums are short is suddenly you've got eight parallel workers and then for 40 seconds none and then for 20 seconds eight parallel workers and then for 40 seconds none this isn't actually a good use of resources and so that is all we're going to get through in the extended ones but I think I covered about 75, 80 of the settings and I covered all the rest of the settings in writing in the GitHub repo that you don't have so we're going to take five minutes any other questions you have and then break for lunch and then the thing is over so go ahead the question was is there a specific functionality that huge pages are providing that transparent huge pages doesn't provide and I will admit here that I've never really understood the difference between huge pages and transparent huge pages so I don't have an answer to that if I don't think Robert Haas is at this event I would say ask somebody else in the Postgres room we could bug Bruce Mamjan so I don't know the answer to that obviously somebody thinks so or we wouldn't still have it because it is really only an ex-only setting but I don't know what the specific benefit is any other questions nothing else nobody's looking at their Postgres.com saying what about this setting or is it too much of a brain dump to give up on go ahead yes so there's my contact information in general whoa somebody just leaned against the lights there's my contact information in general and that includes again that github repo the annotated.conf repo so clone that or download it as a zip file and of course you can get in contact with me shortly after this conference I was making a post to database soup about the updated annotated.conf I will probably add a couple of things like parallel query settings in there and actually I want to add the tempstats file because I forgot to add that in the extras as well so there will be another commit on that repo soon so you can just actually pull a new one I do work for Red Hat I'm actually on the community team at Red Hat where I work on Kubernetes which is my thing now and Red Hat is always hiring so if people are interested in working on lots of things particularly in the container arena these days go to Red Hat jobs otherwise go to Red Hat community to see all the things we're doing in upstream open source projects which is a lot of them because everything at Red Hat is open source so thank you very much yes they are open office format well, LibreOffice format


Hi, how are you? I hope you are doing well. My name is Ndanya and welcome to yet another episode of Crazy 11. Today I spotted an amazing artist.  She does so many things. That's Nimo. Let's approach her, let's talk to her. Hi Nimo. Hi, I'm good. How are you? I'm good. How are you? I'm good. How are you? I'm good. How are you? I'm good. My name is Ndanya from S.P.M. Buzz. I want to talk to you. I'm so happy to meet you. I'm happy. I'm happy. I'm going to ask you 11 random questions. How is the house of motherhood? Motherhood is great. It's a lot easier. Motherhood is challenging. Of course, there are challenges but it's easier. Say it's easier. Say it's easy to enjoy it. Motherhood is great. Nimo mezuma, motherhood is great. Nimo how is it being a wife to one of the most popular artists in the country? Wow. Okay. Okay, so to guys, he's popular, he's famous, but to me, honestly, ya ni, ya ni tu haziya wungu na jwa, but besides just him being my husband, ni kianda yun jwe, of kuskuna some judgements, kwanza judgements ndomingi yun na jwa, neza tu kiatu ma liya kwa, usame vajas kama, kama bibiya celeb, ay men, sigiri, yae. Ya, it's challenging sa zingini, it's a zoya kum. I'd say ni me zoya. Eh, I'd say ni me zoya. Nimo, me na tika kujwa music ii na toka lini, tumengodja ma fans? I know, guy, I know ni me wa eka. I'm having. Actually ni kwa na kwa, the next music that is coming out is a collaboration, and I just, likin afuwa, planning na plan kushoot video audio is already there, ya, I was planning so much, Ngunitua nili kupukoutu alteredi ya, niba inu nisha kawadada henda porch karama Soberudu ko moka, na abused. KRISILLO Koroha futu m Quebec Isカワ Siya? Kas problemu?  I don't miss in my car. I think my handbag. What's in it? What's in it? I think heels. Because I am normally in flats. So if I need to be probably in heels, look a little bit dressed up. We can wear it. I think I should wear extra clothes. What's the best job you've done as an influencer? The best job I've done? In other words, the most paying job you've done as an influencer. The most paying job you've done as an influencer. It was something nice. It was good. What's the worst thing about being an influencer in this country?  I'd say number one of expectation people over-expect. What you are not trying to buy is that you feel like you are not human. Our lives are normal. So I think over-expectation, a few judgements, a few clients can be difficult. Which is what you are trying to do? Of course, there is a choice, but you have to understand. I personally am not a client. I'll post Monday Tuesday when someone is choosing it. Because they're not getting it since they're getting it for professionals. No, we always come to an understanding. Some clients say that it's bad for them to come to an understanding, but they can't understand it. Just let it go, Ikiha Fendi? Ume kuwa konsistent une ka content alafu wa? Yes, yes, yes. So it's all good, shea se maha je. Shea se maha je. So if I give you a million bob right now, right now tu ni kwa mbe spend it in the next one now. O tu ludo. I think na noa tu shamba. What else would I do? Na no tu shamba. Kikuyu. Na noa shamba. Yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes. Wisdom. Una uz Wisdom. What's one new thing happening in your life right now? One new thing. New, new, new, new. Very randomly. Kituyuante in wotams. Generally, comments, okusu juzi juzi, kama? Aha. Ok, since I'm a connection to new, but just regarding motherhood, I've been with her nani for a long time, We were having we were just living and having justice of the family It is Shadowω2 and World News Nombu 1, mimi vene Liz, I stayed with my Tui for 2 yas bila nani. Ya, I did everything but the manyal kuja immediately after that. Akwa mposa na ofkosa kuni neglectim Tui, bitu kamaizu or not, atim bayam bayam baya. So, kwa zuna jamia job yungun ni flexible, I'd say that. So, misja kwa na a very bad experience, but kuna me kwa na a bad experience nikita after nani. Kuna pulafeya. Nii ni. Ya, ya, ya ni me pata. Ya, karaksya ni me pata. So, imagine that's it saza? That's it. That's it, na na bila ni random na nivri? Yes, that's it. Meni bila nizu fanyangi interviews kwa ni? Allah, what is coming? Munu fanyangi interviews mob? Mimi. nineteen one I'm even at the place of the niwa and who offer the mm I ask to May tanini, mingare mingare mingare mingare. If there is nothing new, I'm trying to get involved with so many people. I need also people to know. Yo移 kertu. Thank you. Tungum. Guys, that's it for me today. My name is Ndenya and this is Crazy11. Til next time. Bye. Bad, bad, bad


had a good game today and had the likes of Kimani Campbell to deal with and and sometimes they would switch around with Bailey coming across a tough game for you how did you manage to deal with them today it was a tough one you know it was a very tough one as you know we'll come up against a team that is undefeated from the competition and start which we go we go three game loses I wasn't in the squad I was having some family issues I was overseas coming later putting the work and I had to piss off my first game I mean the man in the match could have gone to the back line itself how easy was your job working with Wilson and Simpson it was all communication a lot of talking was there honestly Katie Sims Elvis and the left back there was a lot of talking midfielder spoke to us it was good it was communication give us a good game you feel very good with this point yes okay very good work from you Arrakhan's and all the best going forward thanks


Crawford Lake, located in southwestern Ontario, Canada, has varved sediments which make it ideal for high-resolution paleoecological studies. Corring was used to document the lake's delicious diatom and chrysophyte communities annually from 1930 to 1990. Cluster analysis revealed major shifts in the algal assemblages, which were likely caused by local, regional, and potentially global anthropogenic factors. These factors included weather patterns, increased industrial emissions, and acid deposition from the Great Acceleration, which began in the mid-20th century. The presence of spheroidal carbonaceous particles, SCPs, and the lake sediments dated to the early 1950s indicates rapid steel production nearby without emission controls. This study provides evidence for the Anthropocene Working Group's proposal for a new epoch, the Anthropocene, and suggests that Crawford Lake could serve as a global boundary stratotype section and point, GSB. This article was authored by Matthew G. Marshall, Paul B. Hamilton, Kristin M. LaFond, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


In this video, we are going to be talking about the highest paying doctor specialties because we all know that doctors make bank. But how much bank is the question? And we all know, even if we don't want to become a medical doctor, we're all extremely curious about which specialties make the most. And it's surprisingly difficult to find the answer to this because most of the data out there is really bad. But after doing some research, I found the best resources for accurate information on physician compensation that are available out there. And that is exactly what we're going to be going over in this video, which doctor specialties make the most. And if you're feeling uncertain about what college degree is the best for you, or you just want to figure out how to get the most out of college with the least amount of effort and how to get your first entry level job right after graduating, then check my course out down below college 101. That's going to go over all of your college needs. And also right before we begin, you know, I don't have a giant marketing department like a lot of these universities do and spend millions of dollars a year on marketing and PR. And so I rely on you to like the video, share it. And then if you haven't done it already, subscribe and ring the notification bell that helps me out tremendously. And it helps to get my word out there. You know, I'm just one man who gives you really good advice when pretty much everyone else tells you to do the opposite thing. And so I really appreciate if you do that. Thank you so much. All right, so first one on the list, number five is going to be orthopedic joint surgery. Now orthopedic joint surgery is going to come in at about $756,000 a year. That's according to MGMA data, which in my opinion is the most accurate when it comes to subspecialties. However, if you look at Medscape, which is more of just general orthopedic surgery, it says they make around 511,000. Now orthopedic surgeons are going to specialize in the musculoskeletal system that's going to be bones, ligaments, tendons, muscles, and joints. And orthopedic joint surgery is of course going to be a subspecialty of that, where you focus on joints specifically. Now in order to become an orthopedic joint surgeon, it is a very long road. So of course, you're going to start off an undergraduate that's about four years or so, then you have to get into med school, which is very difficult.  So already, even if you got in on your first time, that's eight years right off the bat. Then on top of that, you have to do a five-year residency. And you're going to start off just doing general orthopedic. And then as the residency goes on, you're going to get more and more specific if you want to go into joints. Now, when it comes to orthopedic joint surgery, pretty much everybody is going to be doing a fellowship as well. And the fellowship is going to be an extra year on top of that.  Next on the list is going to be number four, Moe's surgery. Now, this is a precise surgical technique used to treat skin cancer. So you're basically combining the expertise of three different types of doctors. So you're going to be kind of like a dermatologist, a surgeon and an oncologist all in one. This is also known as Moe's micrographic surgery. And it was named after its founder, Dr. Frederick Moe's. Now, most cases of this surgery are going to happen on the head and the neck. And of course, being a surgeon who is operating on somebody's head, you know, you definitely have to know what you're doing. So in some cases, you're going to be doing really complicated surgical techniques, almost like a plastic surgeon doing flaps and graphs. Now, in terms of the residency length, in order to get into Moe's surgery, you're going to do a dermatology residency, which is about three years, and then another one to two years in order to specialize in Moe's surgery. So that's about four to five years overall with the option to do a fellowship afterwards. Now, as a Moe's surgeon, you're going to make around $784,000 a year. And on top of that, Moe's surgery and really just dermatology in general is well known for having a good work-life balance. This is of course, extremely rare when it comes to becoming a physician. Usually, physicians don't have good work-life balances. So this can be a great one for the right person, the right personality. Now, Medscape didn't have any exact data on Moe's surgery because it's just too much of a subspecialty for them to keep that data. They basically just bunch it all together into these groups. But plastic surgeons on Medscape make around $526,000 a year, and dermatologists make around $394,000. Next on the list is going to be cardiovascular surgery, and they make around $795,000 a year.  Now, I was lucky enough to be able to see several open-heart surgeries and watch cardiovascular surgeons do their thing, and it's truly amazing. I saw a quadruple bypass surgery where they take the vein out of the knee area, and then they put it onto the heart, and I just watched the whole process. It was several hours, and it was just awesome. Now, the money here is fantastic, but unfortunately, there are some downsides to this one. First of all, the work-life balance isn't great.  You're going to be working very long hours, and on top of that, the residency training is usually six to eight years, and because of how competitive it is, it's usually more on the seven to eight year range. Becoming a heart surgeon is not very easy. It takes a long time to master. Now, again, Medscape data did not have this subspecialty. They showed cardiologists making around 459,000 a year, and general surgeons making around 373,000. Next on the list is going to be a spinal orthopedic surgeon. Before we talked about the orthopedic joint surgeons, now we're going to be talking about an even higher paid type of surgeon, which is the spinal orthopedic surgeons. They make $835,000 a year. Now, the residency here is usually going to be around five to six years, so relatively long, but not as bad as a cardiovascular surgeon. Really, just any type of orthopedic surgeon is going to make quite a bit of money, but if you want to make even more, then you want to specialize. You can even specialize further than this. There's one doctor I heard about who is a specialist in shoulder orthopedic joint surgery, and he would only treat athletes. People who had issues with their shoulder and let's say you're a pitcher for a baseball team, he would only treat athletes who have that specific problem. This guy made around $15 to $20 million a year. There is big money to be made in orthopedic surgery, especially if you look at the top, top level, but number one on the list is probably no surprise.  They make around $875,000 a year. This is going to be surgery performed on the nervous system, specifically the brain and the spinal cord. So in order to become a neurosurgeon, it's going to be five to seven years of residency, probably more on the seven year side, plus a fellowship in many cases. This is a very difficult and demanding job. You're going to be seeing tons of patients and doing lots of surgeries as well. This one definitely does not have the best work-life balance, but you have the best opportunity to make the most money. Cerebrovascular surgery is almost like a sub, sub, sub, sub specialty of neurosurgery, and you can easily clear over $1 million a year if you just focus on doing cerebrovascular surgeries. Now, of course, as with all of these different surgeons, a lot of the time it's going to be advantageous for you to have your own business, you have your own private practice. Fortunately, there is really good demand in this field.  In fact, you're probably going to be constantly bothered to do more surgeries when you're just trying to get some sleep. And as with a lot of different specialties, you'll likely make bank if you go to more undesirable areas. This is another one where I've had the pleasure of seeing spinal surgeries. A lot of the time these surgeries will take a very long time. We're talking like, you know, 12 hours plus. So if you're somebody who wants to specialize in cerebrovascular surgery, work a lot, own your own practice and move out in the middle of nowhere, it's going to be hard for you to not make millions of dollars a year doing this. Now, if you haven't done it already, go ahead and check out my other videos right here. Hit that like button, hit the subscribe button, ring the notification bell and comment down below any thoughts, comments, criticisms, et cetera that you have on the video.