Marc Sklav, the host of Think Tech Hawaii's Law Across the Sea program. Today we're going across the sea to Japan to talk with Ronda Morioka. Ronda is the manager of the Inter-Pacific Bar Association's secretariat, which is located in Tokyo. Ronda and the IPBA bring lawyers together across the sea from all over the world. Next April they will be bringing lawyers together in Tokyo. I've asked Ronda to discuss her personal and professional life in Japan, the IPBA's inherent value to lawyers, and the upcoming April IPBA annual meeting in 2024 in Tokyo. Ronda, welcome. Aloha. It's good to see you. How are you? Hi, Marc. Thank you so much for having me on the program.  Well, we've had some issues today in Hawaii with rain, but the rain is good too. It's better than having a drought. So let me get started and ask you a few questions.  How long have you done that? How did that get started? What's your background in coming, getting into Japan? Well, I first came to Japan in 1970 when I was a child. My family spent three months in Kyoto where my aunt lives, and we had a really good time. There's a picture of me and my sister. It's not cultural appropriation in our Yukata because my mother is Japanese, so I think I can wear the Yukata OK. And we went to the Osaka World's Fair that was held there. Many, many times I had really, really great memories. And then after that, the next time I came to Japan was in 1987, and I spent two weeks in Japan, also in the Osaka Kyoto area visiting relatives, visiting family friends. And then I decided that while I really liked Japan, I would like to live there and maybe learn more of the language, learn more about the culture, about that side of my family background. And then came to Japan again in 1988 to 1989. At that time, it was easiest to be an English teacher in order to get your foot in Japan. And then I went back to the States once and came back in 1992. And I've been living here since 1992. And so you have a cultural background, a family background that intrigued you, but also you kept coming back. I did coming back, yes. And now you live in a town nearby Tokyo, where exactly do you live? And what is your background there? Where do you live? I live in a small farming village on the side of a mountain. Actually, there's two mountains and a valley and the population is about 14,000 people. I ended up here because there are two ski resorts nearby and I really like skiing. It's about two hours outside of Shinjuku on the west side of Tokyo. And I really love it here. It's very calm and peaceful. Lots of nature surrounding. It's just a fantastic place to live. You can see a picture of my house. I was taken a few weeks ago in the fall. So it's just a fantastic place. I can't imagine living anywhere else. Beautiful home. It's a beautiful country. It's like, you know, the wild west in a way. I mean, it's just very nice. Yeah. So it's a farming community. Yes. Okay. And that's where you live. And you also, I guess you work out of your home. Is that it for the IPDA? Correct. It's too far for me to commute into the office in Tokyo. So I've been working from home ever since I've lived here. I moved here in 2009. So it's been about 14 years. Okay. So the interesting thing I want to ask you, I know you were a US citizen, but you're now a Japanese citizen. How did that come about? Why? What did you do to do that? Well, a lot of factors went into the decision and I thought about it for many, many years. The longer I stayed in Japan, the more I felt disconnected from the states. Of course, I have family there still. I'm still connected closely with them, but the states has changed a lot in the last 30 years. And I'm not going to lie, the political situation was one of the factors as well. I felt like I couldn't live in the states anymore. And it felt like a good time to be more, I guess, be more entrenched in Japanese culture and Japanese life. And I thought a good way to do that would be to become a citizen. And I, yeah, I'm very happy that I did. That happened last year. And some of the IPDA members that knew me my previous life from before, my name used to be Ronda Lundin, but I changed my name in the process as well to Ronda Morioka. Sorry for the confusion, everybody. Oh no, that's interesting. And what was it hard to become a Japanese citizen? I don't know if it was hard, but there is a long process of submitting documentation to the Regional Legal Affairs Bureau. You go there first for an interview. They ask you why you want to become a citizen. You fill out some paperwork. One thing I thought was interesting was they asked if any of my family members would be opposed to me becoming a citizen because they thought that may be a deterrent and they didn't want to cause conflict. But fortunately, my family was all very supportive. And then at each stage, they tell you which documentation you need to hand in. You hand it in. They interview you again. They tell you what more documentation you need. And this process is repeated over several months. And then finally, when all the documentation is to their satisfaction, then there's a review process. And the review process, they told me it takes about 12 months to 18 months. But fortunately, I got my approval within four months. I think it's because where I live, the Regional Legal Affairs Bureau is not so busy, so there probably weren't that many applications at the time. I see. And it sounds to me like what you're saying, too, is that you are looking for a peaceful life, too. And something that maybe takes some pressure off you in a way from what you had before. Well, one thing is, I was a permanent resident before. So basically, I could do everything that a Japanese citizen could do except vote. And I'm really involved in the local community. And at some point, I would like to be involved in politics perhaps in the future. And I thought becoming a Japanese citizen was the first step. Okay. So what do you do in the community? What type of activities are you doing within the Japanese community? Well, in the town in which I live, it's called Fujimimachi in Nagano Prefecture. And we have 39 administrative districts. And the district in which I live is the 39th. It was just established in 2011. Although the town was established in the 1940s, I believe. So we're brand new. And since the beginning, I've been on the board of directors, basically, holding various positions. And I held the position of, it's called a village chief, kind of the head of the district for three years. And various positions such as sanitation head, cultural manager, things like that. So I've really, really been involved in the local community. And you sent some photos, too. There's a few photos of you doing various activities. What are those? Well, I'm also the vice chair of the local international exchange association. And the photo here is actually at one of those activities. And the gentleman with me is a Nagano prefectural assemblyman, who is from this area. And he's very, very supportive of local activities. And I've known him for many, many years. And right when I became a citizen, he asked me to be on his board of directors as well. So I'm in the women's group on his board supporting his campaign. He was just reelected last year for another term. So he's a very, very popular assemblyman in this area. And the next photo? Oh, besides my committee involvement, I love to run. And every, I'm not fast, I'm slow, I'm middle of the pack runner, but that's fine as long as I can keep moving. And every year I tried to join about 10 running events. This year I did four 10ks, four half marathons, a 29k around Lake Kawaguchi at the foot of Mount Fuji. And then the photo was a vertical run, which is basically up a local ski hill and then up to the top of the mountain. And that's one of the most challenging events, but it's really, really fun. And that's the group of people that I run with usually. I don't think I could ever do that. Okay, the next photo is an interesting one. Oh, yes. I'm also on the board of directors of the Japan Wolf Association. And this is a real wolf, although it's not alive at this time. But this was taken at the International Wolf Symposium in 2018, which was in Minnesota, my home state. And on the board of the Japanese Wolf Association, there are several of us, but I've just been assigned to be in charge of the YouTube channel. So we'll be making a YouTube channel very soon. It's going to be called Dakara Okami, which means, and that's why wolves. So we're going to be doing interviews with hunters, nature experts, farmers, anyone who's impacted by the lack of wolves in Japan because the last wolf was seen in 1905. And since then, the wolf, the deer population has exploded, wild boar population has exploded, and they've devastated a lot of the forests in Japan. So the Japan Wolf Association's main goal is to reintroduce wolves into Japan, just as they did in Yellowstone in the States. That's interesting. I mean, you do a lot of different activities. You're really into Japan life, and I can tell you speak Japanese, which is obviously good. Now, I want to talk about the IPBA and what is, you know, I know the IPBA, I've been involved in the IPBA since the inception, but let's tell our viewers, what is the IPBA, what's your involvement, and how does it help lawyers? What goes on with the IPBA, the Inter-Pacific Bar Association? Correct. Well, as you know, as one of the founding members, you can probably speak better than I can about the IPBA, but the IPBA is the foremost international bar association for commercial lawyers in the Asia-Pacific region, and it really offers an opportunity for those living in the region, lawyers living in the region, or practicing in the region, as well as those with interest in the region from other parts of the world to get together and discuss legal trends in their jurisdictions, that focus on the Asia-Pacific region. You know, I've found it to be very helpful, too. I mean, the contacts you make, the professional and social contacts is great, because you can call up lawyers from all over the world who you've met at these IPBA events, and they'll help you, because they know you, they met you, and so the IPBA, yeah, I agree, it's just a great thing for the region and for the world, and for lawyers who want to be involved in doing work in those areas, and making contacts. And that is absolutely correct, and I think one of the main positive parts of the IPBA is the level of friendship. That's one of our main goals, is to bring people together as friends, not just as, you know, business contacts, and because we're rather small, right now we have about 1,200 members. We're much smaller than other international legal organizations. It is really, really easy to become friends with other members, and our annual meeting and conferences, any kind of regional event we have, they are all like family reunions. Yeah, when you go to an event, it's like, I like to think of it as hugs over hand shakes, so you see more people hugging each other than shaking their hand, so shaking hands can be very impersonal, but when you see people hugging each other, and it's a warm hug, it's a true hug, it's just really, really nice. And, you know, the annual meetings are great, and we had to cancel the one earlier, I think 2019, previously scheduled for Tokyo. Now, in April of next year, 2024, we're scheduled to have our annual meeting in Tokyo, the IPBA. What's going to happen? What's that about? And I think we have a little image of the annual meeting invitation. Right, the upcoming annual meeting and conference will be held April 24 to 27, 2024, and it was supposed to be held in 2021, but of course, COVID kind of put the kibosh on that, and we had to rearrange some of the annual meeting and conference venues, so we went to Shanghai, we actually canceled the conference one year, this year we had it in Dubai, and now we're having it in Tokyo. And can I talk about the theme? The theme is New World, New World, New Wisdom, and when this planning started for this conference, the theme was actually Wisdom for the next 30 years, because it was supposed to be the 30th annual meeting and conference, but there was a discussion and they changed the theme. Everyone's been impacted by COVID, it has become a new world because of that, and this is a really, really good time to start moving forward with new ideas, with the wisdom that everyone has gathered from the difficulties over the past couple of years, and this will be a really, really great time for everyone to come together and discuss and plan for the future. And you've been involved in a lot of these events, a lot of the annual meetings, and you sent several photos, and why don't you run through the photos of what goes on at these annual meetings and what people do and why it brings everybody together as a family? Well, the first day prior to the conference events are the council meetings, so meetings of the IPBA officers and other council members, and there are always four meetings during that day, and it's all day from morning until night, so the council... That's the first photo. Correct, correct, that's the first photo. And the council actually right now is 81 members, so we have 15 officers, there's jurisdictional council members, out-large council members, regional coordinators, and committee chairs and co-chairs, which comprises 81 people in total, so it's quite lively and active meeting, and at those meetings, the business of the association is discussed, finances and things, how to move forward, what projects to have, status of current projects going on, so they're very lively meetings. And then the next photo? Yes, the next photo is actually from one of the committee sessions, it was a round table session. I think this was a couple of years ago, perhaps Singapore, I can't remember exactly, sorry, but there are over 50 concurrent committee sessions, generally seven committee sessions at one time, over eight time periods, so about 50 to 56 sessions at every conference. One complaint we have is that there are too many sessions, good sessions, and everyone wants to attend everything, but unfortunately due to time constraints, because our conference, basically the bulk of it is over three days, we can't fit everything in, but that's a good thing to have, I guess. People want more, but there is plenty already. And then, yes, sorry. There's also some other activities, you have golf, right? So there's a golf tournament? Yes, there's a pre-conference golf tournament and then a post-conference golf tournament, and generally there's about 30 or 40 members that attend those. And I guess that the Tokyo golf is already full and there's a waiting list, so anyone who wants to play, please contact the secretary and we'll put you on a waiting list, but it's a very, very popular event, there's a lot of golfers in the IPBA. Okay, so that and the photo you put up was at the end of the golf tournament, is that? Correct, correct, yes. And you can see that is a very relaxed atmosphere. It's definitely not, you know, a golf tournament. Well, there are really, really good golf players. I won't say that it's not for professionals, but there are super good golf players, but it's also a very friendly competition. And then talking about friendships, there's the next photo that you got, what's that about? That, I chose this photo because I think it really expresses what the IPBA is about. Members from various jurisdictions just having fun.  It's just the atmosphere of the IPBA. That's great, and these are all lawyers. They're all lawyers, yes. Okay, now, we're going to be in Tokyo for the IPBA in April 2024, beginning on the 24th of April, right? Correct. Now, tell us, you sent some photos of that you took of the Tokyo area. So let's go through those, and tell us what's special about Tokyo as a venue for the IPBA's annual meeting. And it's not just Tokyo, it's all Japan actually. Right, right. Japan has a lot to offer in the way of tourist spots. Of course, Mount Fuji here, which was taken the day before I did the 29K around the lake at Mount Fuji, beautiful, beautiful area. Mount Fuji is the symbol of Japan, the tallest mountain, the tallest volcano. So anywhere around Mount Fuji, you can get there within an hour, hour and a half from the Tokyo area is good. This is Tokyo Tower at night. Tokyo Tower is actually modeled after the Eiffel Tower in Paris, as you can see. But it's one of the main attractions in Tokyo. It's not the tallest tower anymore. There's another one called Sky Tree that has overtaken it. But Tokyo Tower also has its charms. And this is right in the center of Tokyo in the Roppongi area. And this is so sorry, I always mess up the name Sensoji Temple, which is in the Akasaka area. Some of you may know the entrance to it, which has a large Japanese lantern within a gate. And there's a shopping street called Nakamise that leads up to the temple with all sorts of Japanese souvenirs and food left to right. So that's one of the main tourist spots in Tokyo. I love going there. Every time I go to Tokyo, I've gone there. So, okay, the next one. Hey, and the next one is from Edo Muran. Edo is the name of the old Tokyo Capitol. And this was a small, it's a touristy spot, but it's actually quite interesting, just outside of Nikko. Nikko is outside of Tokyo by about two hours by train. And that's where you can find the Sino Evil, Speak No Evil, Hear No Evil, Monkeys, which is basically a carving on the side of a temple building. But the Edo Muran is nearby, and it has a lot of attractions that show the old Japan. So it's really interesting from a cultural perspective to see what older Japan was like. And so there's social activities, there's meetings of lawyers talking about legal topics, there's golf, there's a lot of sightseeing that can be done, and there's a lot of fun that can be done. How do lawyers register if they want to go to the IPBA annual meeting in Tokyo in April 2024? Well, there's an official conference website and you can search IPBA Tokyo 2024 on your browser or there's a QR code right there, so pull it up on your phone and you can conduct registration right there. So using that QR code will work. Okay, well, that is helpful for people, they can just take it right from there. Now, we've talked a lot about all your experiences, your life, your work, your fun, social activities, that type of thing in IPBA. What does living in Japan mean to you and what words of wisdom would you have that, based on your life experience in Japan and maybe cultural Japanese ideas, what have you learned, what would you like to tell the audience, especially during these difficult times, and the IPBA is a great place to get together. That's a lot to pack into a one minute wrap up, but living in Japan is very meaningful for me personally, just because I've got the background of my mother being Japanese, so it's meaningful to me. She's expatriated from Japan and she lives in the States now, so it's kind of a reverse import, I guess there's a phrase in Japanese, so I was born in the States and came here, she was born in Japan, went to the States, but for me it's very, very meaningful and I really appreciate that I've been accepted in the community. I know a lot of foreign residents that feel they're not accepted sometimes and you'll always be a foreigner, but for me I feel like I've been accepted and that's really, really heartwarming for me, that atmosphere around this neighborhood in particular. I have to say honestly, when I first started working for IPBA, which was in 2009, I was actually intimidated. I'm not a lawyer, I have no legal background, I felt like oh my gosh, how can I support and serve this community of international lawyers? I don't even know how to talk to them, but the community is so warm and welcoming, everyone is very down to earth. I enjoy hugging everyone as well. I feel like I'm a part of the IPBA even though I'm just the secretariat. And so that experience you've had with the lawyers, that says a lot. The fact that I mean, lawyers I guess can be intimidating and they can appear like they're authoritarian or something, but you're telling me that's not the case, is that this is more like a family? Is there a word in Japanese that would describe that? In Hawaii we say ohana. Right, right. All kind of a group of family members and that's how I feel about a lot of the IPBA members that I've become friends with over the years and I'm sure you know a lot of them and is that how you feel too? I definitely feel like it's a family and I feel part of the family as well. So I feel very, very welcome by the members, by the lawyers, by the officers, council members, everyone. I can't imagine doing anything else. Everyone knows that I love my job. So I think the IPBA will be stuck with me for the foreseeable future. Couple closing questions. Who is the president of the IPBA now? Current president is Richard Briggs from Dubai and he will be president until the annual general meeting in 2024 when Miyuki Ishiguro will take over. Okay, yes, I know her. And then after that where are the plans for the IPBA? Yes, after that in 2025 we're going to Chicago and the person who is in charge, the vice president is Michael Chu from Chicago. Okay, great. Yes, and I know Michael too. Okay, great. Well look, Ronda, I appreciate all of your insights and your discussion that we had today and I am really looking forward to seeing you in person in April in Tokyo. So thank you, Mark. Aloha. Aloha, thank you. I'm looking forward to seeing you as well and everyone.


Thank you everyone So when we think about violent extremist movements One of the things we we worry about with them is their ability to mass persuade Their ability to create these slick videos and these great online messaging campaigns that then spread out on people's cell phones Into their social media that they watch on YouTube and various devices that change the hearts and minds of people But that might be a very convenient narrative that may be leading us astray in a lot of our strategic communications tactics So a colleague of mine Hugo Mercier a social psychologist has been studying the role of mass persuasion across a variety of contexts And what he basically finds is it hardly ever works Regardless of the sector Religious proselytization doesn't seem to work very well when it's televangelist or people on the radio When it's negative ads on political campaigns or robo calls or online commercials doesn't seem to have a big effect on voter attitudes This is the one that surprised me even commercial advertising doesn't seem to actually be very effective It works on occasions here and there when people don't have a lot of experience with the product But otherwise it's quite idiosyncratic and there's no real systemic element that can show us when it's working when it's not working Even when we think of the Nazis this this powerful machine with a great propaganda that changed the Germans minds Well turns out their propaganda was even not as effective as we generally think it was it had some effect But really what we what the research shows is actually their propaganda increased Antisemitism in areas of Germany that historically had high Antisemitism it actually backfired in areas where there was historically low levels of Antisemitism and a lot of their propaganda just failed it just didn't work for example They tried and failed to make the German people pro-Euthanasia They tried and failed to get German industrial workers to be anti-communist They even tried and failed at getting the German people to like the Nazis They liked Hitler as a leader But they didn't actually like the Nazi political party and their propaganda wasn't able to have much of an effect So what does matter it's not that mass persuasion or that commercials or advertising has no effect But you need to see the effect you need to see it within the ecology of communication It has its biggest impact when it becomes part of the day-to-day conversations of people Person-to-person communication Social interaction actually causes people to change their religion to buy a product They wouldn't otherwise buy to change their their stances on various political issues and even to get pulled into extremist movements Our own research that we've been doing on our database of foreign fighters who joined Al Qaeda We find that 75% were recruited by a friend 20% by a family member and 5% by someone that they didn't have a pre-established relationship with but it was still person-to-person And yes, they were able to talk to people and she had online communication and sometimes shared videos But the videos by themselves didn't have an effect until they became part of the actual conversation with people who had strong trustworthy and authoritative relationships And what we find is that when people fall into these these conversations and they start engaging with each other and they get into these echo chambers Something starts happening with their values for some of them for some of their values their values start to turn into sacred values Now despite the label sacred it actually doesn't have to be religious at all Actually, a lot of these values can be liberal democratic values for some people freedom of speech is a sacred value Civil liberty is a sacred value a sacred value is any value that you would consider Invaluble and non-negotiable and our team has been studying the role of sacred values and conflicts around the world from nation-states like Israel and Palestine To non-state groups like ISIS Al Qaeda and even the pkk and generally what we find is that the more sacred values Enter in to a conflict the more Intractable that conflict becomes and the higher the propensity towards violence But in order for us to really be able to say something about CVE how to actually counter or prevent these things We knew that we had to get deeper than just looking at the role of sacred values in a conflict But looking at the role of sacred values within a person So I spent about three years in Barcelona Doing about 800 surveys with a team of research assistants and a variety of interviews and was able to find some radicalized Populations one of those populations about 30 guys who were avowed supporters of lascarita Iba and al qaeda associate That fights on the Kashmiri issue these people's were supporters of armed jihad They were supporters of armed jihad against the west They even said that they would be willing to join a jihadist group or carry out an active jihad right in the west themselves And so once I got them and I knew what their sacred and non-circuit values where I did the next Best thing that we could possibly think of doing to understand what role sacred values play Internally we put them in a brain scanner And we scan their brains On the first ever neuro imaging studies the first ever brain scan first ever neuroscience studies actually done on radicalization And what we found was that when they were processing their sacred values a part of the brain called a dlpfc You can see it highlighted there in green This is a part of the brain that is associated with deliberative reasoning. It's when you self reflect It's when you engage in deliberative Deliberative rational thought and reasoning this part of the brain deactivates when they're thinking about their sacred values It essentially goes offline Now when they're thinking about their non-circuit values, you have that part of the brain active And you have another part of the brain active the ventromedial prefrontal cortex the vmpfc there in red Now for most of us and all of our decisions These two parts of the brain work in tandem the subjective value part and the deliberative reasoning part So most of you out there when you were having lunch you probably had a moment of thinking Do I really want to crack open this bag of chips? Do I really want to eat this brownie? I want to but that's going to be a lot of calories. That might be unhealthy I just worked out this morning. Well, that's what you maybe maybe I worked out last week And it'll and it'll you know undo all the benefits of that Well, that was your dlpfc and your vmpfc working together Most of our decisions involved both of those areas and sure enough with our radicalized population When they had low willingness to fight and die for their values, both of those areas were working in tandem However, when they had high willingness to fight and die for their values, which were mostly their sacred values This connection cuts off the dlpfc deactivates and there's no longer a connection between these two areas of the brain Basically decision making is no longer being mediated by deliberative reasoning regions of the brain So our question became how do we reconnect these areas and reactivate deliberative reasoning regions? All of our research on sacred values show that it's incredibly hard to change a sacred value to desacralize a value It happens people do deraticalize people do desacralize their values, but it's idiosyncratic We have tried a variety of experiments try to systematically do this and we have not been able to do it So we knew that we can't go after the values that that usually leads to a backfire effect people become reticent They become stubborn They sometimes increase their propensity towards violence when they feel like someone is challenging their values So we knew we had to come at it from a different tactic So we used something called manipulation of social consensus. Basically, we made them think that their peer group Who they for them was just other pakistanis living in barcelona that their peer group disagreed with them About their willingness to fight and die for these values And for those for half their values and half the values we used as a control where they agreed with them And so when the when the participants were looking at this disagreement They were willing to martyr themselves their in-group is not willing to martyr themselves. They were upset They were outraged they even got out of the scanner and we did a we did a post Post-experiment survey with them. They said that they were bothered by that Nonetheless, they conformed They lowered their willingness to fight and die to actually conform to their peer groups And when they were conforming when they were actually moving towards the general consensus their perception of what the social norm is About violence the dlpfc the part of the brain that was deactive came right back online And they were willing this to fight and die as it lowered those two parts of the brain the vmpfc and the dlpfc Started working in tandem again. They reconnected deliberative reasoning came back online and it reconnected with subjective value Now this has a few strategic communications implications On the one hand again going back to mass persuasion If you don't know people's sacred values and you're just targeting messages out there one size fits all If you're hitting their sacred values, you're basically targeting your message towards a part of the brain that isn't even online at that moment You're not going to have an impact because that's deactivated and it certainly doesn't have any access to the subjective value part of the brain So you need to know what people's sacred values are But another problem is that people's sacred values vary from person to person Even within just our 30 participants. We had in this neuro imaging study. They had different sets of sacred values between them So again, how is a one size fits all mass persuasion attempt actually going to have an impact when you don't really know Which values your messaging might be able to have an impact on or not? Again, this goes back to that the importance of person to person interaction And leveraging the social norms you don't have to change the beliefs You just change their perception of the norms you change their perception of what they think Their peer group thinks is acceptable levels of violence if anything at all And this fits in quite well with a lot of post-conflict reconciliation research that's been done Elizabeth Pollock another social psychologist did work on post-conflict reconciliation in uh, rwanda And what she found was she dropped radios into different parts of rwanda different villages and for half the villages They had a reconciliation themed soap opera they were listening to and for the other half It was a health program when she came back a year later She found basically the same thing that we've been finding in all of our research people's beliefs didn't change The actual strategic communications didn't actually work at changing anyone's beliefs or values But what it did do is it changed their perception of the social norms They now believed that other in-group members believe that reconciliation was important even though they personally did not And that belief that change in perception of social norms led to a change in actual behavior Including a 100 increase in cooperative behavior in the trial populations So again, you don't actually need to change people's beliefs You just need to change what they think their peers think About violence or certain actions and what action pathways can be taken in order to change behavior So what does that mean? It means that we should be trying to amplify the voices That believe that that are anti-violent basically that don't actually believe in these violent actions Many people who join these groups come from communities where there are prevailing the prevailing norms are basically non-violent They don't support many of these groups, but those voices aren't being heard Those voices aren't being deafening those voices are not being amplified Or if they are if the messaging is coming out it's coming out through some Government organization or some unknown entity that's throwing out this mass persuasion as opposed to local voices having their voices amplified So again As the speakers before me were talking about you got to go local You got to go down into the friendship circles You got to go down to the community level if you want to change people's perception of social norms It's who they think is their in-groups norms that they ultimately care about and if you can change the norms You can change behavior. You can increase cooperation. You can increase reconciliation You can decrease propensity to violence. You can literally change the circuitry of people's brains Thank you


Well, this is our kitchen of our dally's food truck. It's a 48 foot long food truck trailer that we tow with a truck state-of-the-art equipment Brand new off the assembly line over the last few months It is a result of the success we've seen in our dally's dash restaurants 19 current stores in the dally's convenience store chain that have the restaurant number 20 was set to open in a couple of weeks From that we took it we built a menu from our core menu in our brick-and-mortar stores, and we translated it into a food truck Anyone who's in the culinary world would love to work in an environment like this But we wanted it we wanted to be more even more entrenched in the community than we already are and we've been we've been doing that for a Number of years through all kinds of charities St. Vincent's Hospital now with the Jaguars and dally's place This is purely an extension of our brand But we have hopes of being at some of the larger venues in Jacksonville in the future Maybe the TPC tournament in March things of that nature the very large truck We don't have the ability to go everywhere that you see other food trucks at because of our sheer size So that's something that we're really looking at more closely right now and really making sure that we come out Really strong at these events here because first impressions are everything


Ryan you mentioned after the game on Sunday next step for you and Julio is to keep building with him being back in here now what what does that look like in on the practice field and in games yeah just keep keep stacking good days together you know every bankrupt matter so you know whether it's in practice or games any rep that we have together we get to connect is a good thing so just keep stacking those good days and it'll pay off on Sunday. How much does the pitch kind of change for you when he is out there on the field Julio that is out there on the field with you? I'm excited to have him out there obviously I love throwing the ball he does some good things for us you know had a couple more opportunities that we weren't able to get him the ball down the field which is frustrating for everybody but you know I'm seeing some good things from him so excited to have him back out there and hopefully you know we can have some opportunities to connect those those downfield throws. Is it really critical to even if you don't connect just to get those on film so teams know that you guys are still capable of you know pushing the ball down the field? Yeah I think so I mean it's something that we want to connect on so I don't know if if they play us any differently but I know that you know if we have an opportunity we want to take advantage of it down the field. What maybe get your attention first? You talking about last year? What they've done so far this year maybe preparing for that game? Yeah they're a talented defense you know they fly around aggressive linebackers meek of it's Patrick is all over the field I was with with him in Miami and respect him he's a really good player their front is fast and aggressive obviously Watts coming off the edge Hayward on the inside just an overall tough defense they play a bunch of different fronts in base defense they're going to give you every look in the book and make it tough on communicating and IDing and then the other physical I think that's what it comes down to is physical defense that wants to make it tough on you. The looks that maybe you don't see typically I mean do they do they do things that you sort of have to really go a little deeper with your film study this week? Yeah you know some teams will do it and Pittsburgh's included is you know putting five or six bigs on the field and then you know they'll walk water around or and he was out 56 was walking around so make you account for a big guy in a situation or in a place and a spot that a big guy is not normally so makes it tough for the offensive line and communicating and knowing who we're going to. Has it been more a function of what the defense is giving you or what you guys are trying to do to take yourselves? Yeah I think we've had opportunities and we've tried to try to get them off down the field it just hasn't all panned out together at the same time so something will continue to work out. A lot of hits and a lot of sacks oftentimes it has some kind of mental effect on their game at least subconsciously but I talked to Pat about that yesterday he doesn't seem to think that's the case with you nobody doubts your toughness and stuff but do you think there's something there? I don't think so I work really hard for there not to be and you know I want to be be able to stand in there and then make you know tough throws in a tight pocket and it's CNFL there's gonna be a lot of tight pockets and you have to be able to to find that fine line between standing in there and making the throw and and you know protecting yourself so yeah something that that I work really hard at and want to continue to do. What do you feel like Furke got going this past weekend? I know he wouldn't like to have that touchdown but do you feel like maybe he's back to kind of finding some consistency because I know it's been a rough go up to that point. Yeah Furke's been doing what we've asked him to do you know I think maybe his numbers haven't been producing but you know you look at third downs and a lot of times he's helping out and he's he's an underneath route so we're able to get him out in into the route concept a little bit more this past game and and he produced you know you see conversions so excited for him and the steps that he took and hopefully we can build on it. Last year we saw a lot of those what they call dropping in the bucket throws that that you guys had haven't seen that as much this year what's the key to trying to find those and get and getting on the same Yeah I think a couple things going to that is is getting the right coverage when you do have have those those play calls being able to win and getting a good position by the wide receiver protecting and having time to get the ball off down the field and then obviously good throw. The COVID case is increasing the NFL is that something that's been talked about you know quite a bit here and I wonder if you know like boosters are increasingly being encouraged here or does that stand? Oh we understand you know this time of year you know sickness is going around and COVID included so we want to be smart with but the situations we put ourselves in as a team talked about could be able to talk about that this morning and just making sure we keep the team at the back of our minds wherever we go so obviously you're not gonna be able to totally avoid anything it's just kind of the world we're living in but you can be aware of the situation put yourself in and try to be smart. Obviously for any kind of victory lap or state of the union interest but as you enter this sort of home stretch do you like the position you put yourself in where if you do what you're supposed to do you'll be where you want come January? Yeah no doubt obviously things haven't been perfect for us up until this point but we have ourselves in a good situation but Coach Rebels talked about it you know for the last two weeks is we're just getting started have a lot of football out in front of us and want to play our best football here down the stretch so if we're able to do that then we'll like where we end up. Next is Ryan but can you describe your connection with AJ you know going all the way back to when you guys were both getting the second team reps you know when you're in your first season here and how it's progressing it seems like there's a little bit of a special connection. Yeah I love them the ball AJ man he's a he's a great dude I love being around him he's a good friend and he's fun to throw the ball to he's easier to throw the ball to he has a natural ability obviously to get himself open he has a size a strength there's some guys that there's easy to throw to you know it's your first time taking reps with them and and they're easy to throw to and he's one of those guys. Those main reasons is his size and his physicality those are the main reasons you say he's kind of an easy guy to throw to where? Not necessarily you know I think just his feel for for adjusting to the ball the way he moves is is easy to read you know all those things kind of play into it. With that like first practice or two with him you sort of notice like hey this this guy this guy's different. Yeah you kind of early on you can you can see that when you throw with a guy just how easy it is to read their body language and how they move how smooth they move and then obviously you know as a big catch rages and adjust to the ball really well so you put those things together and it makes for an easy target. What are your thoughts on a guy like Rob this Berger doing this since 2004 playing at a high level a couple Super Bowls and this may be his last year but it looks like he's not going to go down without a flight this year. Yeah no doubt you know I have a ton of respect for Ben and what he's done in his career obviously played at a high level for a really long time you know going back to his early days he's shaking off three techniques and standing in the pocket just unbelievably strong and then even now you know they fall behind a couple times lately and he's battling them back you know he's making great throws give putting themselves in positions to to get back in the game and possibly win the game at the end so you can't say that he's you know changed a whole lot or gonna go down without a fight you know he's still able to make those really good tough throws and and his lead in his team to to stay in games. Hansfield compared to maybe other places where you've played it's a great place to play I love playing that I think the last time I actually played there was 2014 in the snow which was a was a fun experience my first real real snow game you know with more than just a dusting you know we went in for after warm-ups came back out and I think there was like four or five inches of snow on the ground it was crazy how fast you know it came down but yeah was a fun game I remember being a super competitive game great atmosphere really cool stadium set right there on the rivers and definitely when you think of a an NFL football stadium Pittsburgh is definitely one of those that comes to mind pretty well in the conditions that day or yeah we threw it I don't remember how many yards or anything you know I I can remember a couple touchdowns and and we won the game so those are things that stick out to me on your right hand or did you go no just bare hand exactly exactly yeah that was a was a wild play I had a great vantage point I was standing around on the sideline I saw him step like he stepped out I knew it when he threw it back to him and he took our front and I looked down the sideline there was nobody on that side of the field it was a bad shape right here but thankfully stepped off


Hello everyone, welcome back to another session on dentistry and more. So today we have tooth model analysis. So a model analysis is like the study of dental cast which helps to study the occlusion and dentition from all three dimensions and analyze the degree and severity of malocclusion. And also we can derive the diagnosis and also plan the treatment. So there are a lot of advantages for model analysis because we get a three dimensional records of patients dentition which is clinically it is very difficult to obtain and occlusion can be visualized from the lingual aspect and it provides a permanent record for inter maxillary relationship and also helps to motivate the patient as they can visualize the treatment prognosis can take before and after cast and we can motivate the patient and also we can transfer the patient to another dentist if we have the models with us. So that also is a very crucial thing in model and now we will start with the model analysis. So we have various model analysis. Some are for permanent teeth and some are for deciduous teeth. So the permanent teeth model analysis, the most important one is the Bolton analysis. Then we have Pones analysis, Ashley Howe analysis, Carey's analysis, Arch perimeter analysis whereas mixed dentition analysis we have Moe's analysis and Tanagha Johnson analysis. Now let's start our analysis that is Bolton's analysis. It is a ratio between meso distal width of maxillary and mandibular teeth. Bolton we have calculated a constant proportion. So we found out that a constant proportion is present between upper and lower dentition when the occlusion was perfect. And that proportion is 91.3 percentage and 77.2 percentage. It is actually determining the tooth size discrepancy between the mandibular and maxillary teeth and checking by checking the meso distal width of maxillary and mandibular teeth. So according to Bolton he says that the mandibular meso distal dimension will be of 91.3 percentage of maxillary molar to molar that is 6 to 6 and canine to canine it will be 77.2 percentage that is if the maxillary teeth are 100 the mandibular molar to molar will be 91.3 percentage and mandibular canine to canine will be 77.2 percentage. So that is idealistic ratio. So how do we calculate this ratio? So two ratios are put forward in by Bolton in his analysis that is overall ratio and anterior ratio. So overall ratio is the calculation is sum of mandibular 12 teeth and sum of maxillary 12 teeth. So we divide mandibular 12 by maxillary tool that is a meso distal dimension and we take percentage by multiplying 100. So you can see that it is molar to molar, left molar to right molar and left molar to right molar in maxillary and mandibular tool. So ideally speaking that should be 91.3 percentage that means the mandible is lesser compared to the maxilla we know that mandibular dimensions are lesser and it is 91.3 percentage. So mandible is coming here in numerator and maxillary in denominator. So if the calculated value is greater than 91.3 percentage you know that this is more that is mandibular tooth material is excess because this is a numerator and if it is less than 91.3 percentage that is the calculated value is less than 91.3 percentage. So this would be more that is maxillary tooth material is excess because this is in denominator. So overall ratio is calculated from left molar to right molar on maxillary and mandibular tool. So how do we calculate the excess material? The excess material the sum of maxillary tool if it is maxilla maxillary excess we need to calculate in this form and mandibular excess we need to calculate from this form. Since maxilla is excess it should be mandible misodistral width should be subtracted from maxilla because maxilla is more. So sum of maxillary tool minus sum of mandibular tool divided by 91.3 into 100. So we get the maxillary excess material. So if mandibular excess material that is if the ratio is greater than 91.3 we should take subtract the maxillary tool from mandibular tool. So all I am speaking about misodistral dimension. So sum of mandibular tool minus sum of maxillary tool divided by 100 into 91.3 percent. So we get the excess material. So this is how we calculate the excess material. So what is the importance of this understanding the excess material? So we can do extraction on mandibular teeth or maxillary teeth to achieve proper inter digitization or over jet or over bite and alignment of the teeth. So whereas anterior ratio so anterior or overall ratio we can calculate the excess material and we can do extraction or other changes in maxillary or mandibular teeth. So anterior ratio the same thing we apply on 6 teeth. So here we applied on 12 teeth that is molar to molar 6 to 6 here we are doing it on canine to canine on both upper and lower teeth that is canine to canine anterior ratio is sum of mandibular 6 divided by sum of maxillary 6 into 100 we get 77.2 ideally. So if it is greater than 77.2 since it is a numerator the mandibular teeth the mandibular excess material and if it is less than 77.2 the maxillary tooth material is excess. So the same way we can calculate the excess material that is sum of maxillary 6 that is missio distal dimension minus sum of mandibular 6 divided by 77.2 into 100 if the maxillary excess is there. So always think that if maxillary excess should be found out this will come first because this is more and mandibular material is subtracting from the maxilla. So if mandibular excess is there this will come first and maxillary 6 missio distal dimension will be subtracted from mandibular 6. So divided by 100 into 77.2 if mandibular material is excess. So that is how we calculate the excess material in anterior ratio and in overall ratio. So this is basically understanding the tooth size discrepancy between maxillary and mandibular teeth. The 2 ratio or the 2 percentage is to remember the 91.3 percentage and 77.2 percentage in case of 12 teeth and this is not 12 teeth that is 6 teeth. So this is 6 teeth that is canine to canine this is molar to molar. So that is about Bolton's analysis which is a permanent tooth analysis put forward by Bolton. So I will come up with another analysis in my next video. Thank you.