Okay, so Bismillah, so we're going to to understand this particular Session today, which will be on the month of Ramadan. How long do we have for the session? Yeah, I'll be able to continue yeah, what do you have other stuff and I got time okay, inshallah. Thank you so We will be so mashallah we have Classes on Ramadan and we are familiar with and we you know, thank God We're very fortunate by the grace of Allah that we get to visit it every year But there is one a particular experience that sometimes we're aware of or unaware of and that's essentially our relationship with Ramadan and the relationship with Ramadan we There's many ways to come to understand Ramadan But one of the things with Ramadan is as much as it's a personal experience Ramadan has its own reality and and so we're going to do a Analysis of Ramadan in a very interesting manner, which I don't think many of you have ever done it before I've never seen it be done before but I find it to be quite interesting now If you know your message or you know your constitution your temperament, etc. Then you may find it InshaAllah you'll find it a bit more beneficial if you're not aware of your temperament Then inshaAllah we'll look at the idea and hopefully you'll be able to Not simply understand Ramadan But you might actually start to figure out your personal kind of connection with Ramadan the aim for us is to have a better Ramadan So I'm just going to do an overall of the basics one-on-one of the temperaments just to remind us where this comes from When we're talking about the temperaments, we're talking about classical Islamic medicine And we're talking about classic Islamic medicine. We're talking of the principles that many of our traditional scholars Were a part of but as time went on secularism happened and many of our schooling system started to break and now we are just massively disconnected from our traditions and so this was a part of standard medicine So though our institutes now adopt only modern medicine And Muslims never went went too traditional They were they took the tradition and kept on going forward So we need to take traditional medicine and modern medicine because traditional medicine has a lot of insights for us So are there any doctors here? Okay friends okay all right, okay so so Now the interesting thing is though academically there was a disconnect People still were using it and there were individuals all around us now as as time went on some of those people because they either couldn't explain the framework due to them not necessarily being academics But they practiced it then it became something of an old Time long time ago. So if I was to speak about mizaj right now, what do you guys know when I say the term mizaj? anything from your language Temperament right so can you give me an expression and all the when they use the term mizaj just any So when we say the person has a hot mizaj, what are they referring to? What is that? What does that? What does that mean? angry so if quick to anger angry anything else When somebody says that the person has a hot mizaj got a mizaj for example, what would they what does that mean? High energy levels, etc. etc. Good. So there's lots. There's there's so many areas to go into physical mental spiritual even very interesting So if we say the person has a cold mizaj, what do we then mean? reserved Basically all the opposite that you know of the hot Right everything that you can consider cold Now this so therefore we have hot foods. We have cold foods Right. This is uh traditional medicine. Okay. Can you have a eraser please? Sorry. Yeah Okay, they're gonna Whatever you got Yeah Oh technology for all sciences Okay, all right hot and cold is one distinction And does anybody know the other distinction in classical medicine? Has anyone studied classical medicine here or traditional medicine? me Okay, so what's the other separation here? Were you the person that messages on instagram? Okay, cool. Bismillah. What's the other distinction? So we have another principle so warm would be here, right? What's the other maximum? So when you take when you have a date When you have dates hot and dry, right? So therefore we have dry And wet Okay, so this is like classical classical medicine medicine as I've mentioned Hot and wet comes together as a reality hot and dry is a second reality Third and fourth and this is the foundations of what was known as the traditional medicine framework So if a person had a hot mizaj and you gave them hot food They would become very hot Right And if the person was a young person who was in the hot stage of life hot hot hot hot Very hot, okay Then you have in another instance where a person has a cold mizaj, for example And they would give them more balanced foods and sometimes they would even give hot foods in a moment when somebody was Ask the scale Right. So for example, what's cold and wet?  In tradition in this framework in Urdu or Arabic or English Water or Yeah, so water is cold and wet Balgam Flematic Balgami in Arabic. Okay, so we have Flematic so when somebody's literally like You know, they got too they got too much phlegm. They give them something other Dry nature Right something that was drier foods to dry them out So this was classical medicine now. It seems very simple. It's very it's very complex because A hakeem would have to train himself in many different types of foods Over a long period of time as a student of a teacher and he would become familiar with how and and the use of the foods All right, so you do some of that stuff, right? Cool. So any more information I got here on the foods everybody's always like so which food do I need to eat?  It's all going to make a comeback Azush here comes yesterday. He told me about the latest translation on the canon of medicine Was basically the translators were talking about how the humoral theories are making a comeback So in medicine it eventually got rejected due to it not being observed by the tools of measurement. So they said oh, but where is Flematic, where is Caloric, where is this one? Where is this one? And that's another That's a journey in and of itself. I still like can If we can't see a thing by the tools that we have does that still mean it doesn't exist? number one Right number one just this one thing number two Even if a person said old medicine forget all of that We would say there's still evidence in a sense for it from a psychological perspective and that's where you get Carl Jung's for archetypes and Currently used as the disc analysis colors theory and lots of these psychological models out there Now what we need to be careful is we need to understand that whatever the case Muslims never You guys give me that yeah Muslims never what reduction is so we never said only that That just because you have this constitution on the heart for example Caloric and these are the Latin terms that we use quite often if somebody's here in their massage Just because they're here Currently doesn't doesn't mean that they got they will stay here So unfortunately, there's a misunderstanding of this where if somebody's Caloric people can't if somebody's here They can't work out. How does the person get here and does the person remain here?  So unless we're willing to really study the science The you know, then we can really understand all of its uses now. I'm just going to give you Even if you you're not, you know, too much into the science What I'm going to show you is that these same principles Linked to universal universal principles and more maybe in the context of what we're interested in today Are what are known as the four virtues? So I'll bring in these again just because I introduced it from this angle Moist and dry Based upon these principles that were then formed Using classical virtue virtues You had courage. You had uh justice temperance and wisdom meaning that you could figure out You could figure out many things in relation to the psychological and spiritual nature Of the things in this reality. Okay, so I'm giving you a super crash course Just so you guys understand the the baseline. Are there any questions on that any burning questions? Please do ask. I'm sure there must be it's got it. Please ask just ask Justice at the top for the sanguine And then courage on the left hand side wisdom at the bottom and temperance on the right yeah, so essentially When the when you went to the hakeem and you said, oh, you know, I'm feeling ill blah blah blah You know, he wouldn't just look at you from only a physical aspect rather he would look at you from your mental and your Spiritual so he would say so if you have a headache He wouldn't combat the material with material. He wouldn't come back physical just with physical He would combat it which is what we're seeing in modern medicine now We well, how is your you know, if you if you have a physical problem, how's your mental and how's your spiritual obviously Modern medicine doesn't really consider the spiritual state Right and and because obviously it's it's a post secular study and complete Framework, but fundamentally they would say so the hakeem would be like well, you have a headache You know, how's the stresses in your life, etc. etc. etc. So um for us, even if you had a Mental problem, there would be a spiritual reason for it. They may even be a physical reason The modern world doesn't understand this, but they definitely are now correlating the relationship between the physical and the mental personalities even linking to cancer Uh, dr. Gabbo Mateo Many others have so much work on this now being carried out lots of research of the relationship between certain physical illnesses and psychological or mental states But the but the hikmah tradition what this is known as or tibba naboui or Whatever Ilm al-Misajid lots of names This includes the spiritual world, right and says That your spiritual state will also have an effect. So as we come into Ramadan now, we're going to look at Ramadan from this aspect of the four Temperaments start to understand the virtues and so on and so forth So if we can have the lights dimmed a little bit so maybe we can see the screen a bit more that's okay Yeah, do we have any questions? No Any thoughts Temperance yeah temperance is if is if it's a virtue which is uh, uh to in a sense uh to Not be so we're courageous to be able to stand up to something and justice is justice and wisdom Temperance is the ability to be able to temper yourself. So you're not yeah Tolerance and helm and all these types of things all come under that So they're called the chief virtues because all virtues come under those four So abu zeh al-balqi he has a work on the on the mental aspect using the four temperaments In the ninth century and he tells you that if you have a particular mizaj You probably got anger issues You probably got you're probably prone to depression.  So that's the fire still there, but you've worked with it But if you don't tame anyone person's nature with with nurture Then you're just going to get wild Wild people in various different angles and so The beauty the real beauty in all of this and the reason I care so much Is because when you use this theoretical model Whatever the evidence, you know of what qualifies a fact, etc I'll accept theoretical model for a moment. Even though it's been used for two and a half thousand years which for me statistically it's still better than a hundred years of Experiments, but anyway Anyway, and christians and greeks and muslims and you know, I even see now and all these guys, right The beauty of this model is that between, you know, extra version So i'm going to bring in some psychological terms now extra version intro version Right between the phlegmatic and the melancholic The only aspect of manifest the only reality Between these four principles that has been balanced in human history and ever has been what? What has been the absolute balance between courage and justice and wisdom and temperance or between all of these Uh different perspectives different different angles of of existence The prophet Muhammad sallallahu alaihi wa sallam So when you see the prophet Muhammad sallallahu alaihi wa sallam you find that in his life You will and anyway you analyze it you will always find that he had a degree of this and degree of this in a goodness So an example very basic example, which you all know what was when he had dates. What did he have his dates with? Milk cucumber water or watermelon or something. Yeah, so Dates are where hot and dry. So that's a date and water water in in temperaments is here Watermelons are here cucumbers here and so on. So you always saw the prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam had balance And when you start to understand it from a psychological lens, this is the classes that we've done since I've been here Which is the different archetypes and essentially finding all of ourselves Finding our children and ourselves to be on this framework The interesting thing is that when you see These four four archetypes you start to make a connection between the four khulafa And you realize that Allah has given us through the example of the prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam and his followers Four examples are four different archetypes And a basic way of looking at this a super basic way Is really using elements fire earth And water so all of us have a unique combination of all four We have some heat. We have some cold. We have this we have that all of us And if you look at like who had a fiery mizaj from the four khulafa You already got your answer There's no there's no denying that he had the fiery mizaj before the prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam came And he had the before he entered Islam and he had a fiery mizaj way Afterwards the difference was the difference of nurture So when you see the expansion of Islam And then you see when when Sayyidina Umar was a Khalifa it spread like a wildfire I just that's the mizaj When you see Sayyidina Abu Bakr very different Sayyidina Ali volunteered for everything Sayyidina Uthman So you see that each of them had different And that's why you know, Alhamdulillah Muslims then really use this whole framework and uh, didn't make it too explicit because People would reduce themselves to I'm only this and you're only that that's not how we want to see What we want to see is I see myself as which one am I increased in which one am I decreased in based on my foods based on my living based on my nurturing etc etc clear Okay, any questions Can I have a glass of water? Please. Thank you water, please Okay What Was that a temperament thing? Oh Yeah, so you know, there are those who have a ha'a mizaj a cold mizaj and we spend two days, you know studying on the weekend So inshallah if you ever interested to see more information on this, you know, you can read there's many books out there and I'm sure These guys can reference some books for you. But what we're going to do is inshallah We're going to look at the month of Ramadan itself inshallah First thing is to remind ourselves that actions are by intentions And what we want to do is we want to make sure that we have the correct intentions and the correct intentions for us are We are What's that correct intentions? To please Allah good. What else? Seek beneficial knowledge. What else? Increase our taqwa excellent To learn to teach to study To give benefit to receive benefit to take an advantage in our lives to receive advantage in our lives Whilst we do that we hold fast to the book of Allah and to the sunnah of the prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam The a'a'il al-ahuda guiding inviting into guidance with the la'ala ta'ala al-khayr And indicating to the words that which is khayr. You know, we all want to take khayr from this If diga'an and we are seeking wajihila wa qurbihi wa ridhaihi subhana wa ta'ala. We're seeking his closeness His proximity So qurbihi And his countenance with wajih and his ridha. So all of us have a very unique relationship with ramadan right this relationship is A very interesting relationship and it's something that for some of us we move in ramadan. We have a fantastic time and you know Dread it And and also, you know, I we did this talk yesterday And I asked we were asking the crowd. What does ramadan mean? And you know, everybody was talking about solitude and quran and personal reflection and then one lady said, you know, social So I said what part of ramadan is so it's just said, you know, like Eating together and I said is the purpose of ramadan to eat together Like easy easy. Is that a byproduct of ramadan that we have? There's another byproduct of ramadan is Moses and fried food But ramadan it's in and of itself is not there for fried food and I will never measure ramadan by how social it was never Right, I'll measure it by how much a quran I read how much how many fasting how much fasting I did Once I get through those things then I may say and how social was it and did I visit my auntie or something? but first and foremost are Understanding itself and and so at so we start off wonderful and we have all these intentions and at the end, you know ramadan We have a we're like I'm so sorry And then we say to ramadan It's me Right Why do we say that because it's a relationship Right and sometimes we we haven't understood what ramadan wanted from us and we thought it wanted something else So maybe we need to understand love language right so we can give it what it wants and what it actually wants from us Anyway, you know, so we want to understand ramadan and its function understand its purpose and I had best receive it and honor it That's what we're doing here inshallah. So just quick question. What is ramadan? It's the month obviously as we know And how well do you uh, uh, how well do you know ramadan? So if ramadan was a was a person well, how would you describe it? If ramadan was a person how what character would you give ramadan attributes? Who says you said demanding yeah, okay, what would you say anybody else pious spiritual So so so try to look at like yeah, okay, sorry dry dry Subhanallah, we just take out take that a minute for a second Insan will will say dry And we get it Isn't that interesting? You think that's quite this interest You know that is because you know in this science if I keep looking at you I'm going to go on to the tangent. So I you're saying in the wrong place But in when you study these Higman tradition epistemology like in its and its foundations There's there's a source of Of knowledge which is intuition that the hakeem builds up in the students And that's the kind of stuff how when we when somebody says dry and you get it You get it and if you don't get it then you you haven't built that channel of understanding and computers kill that Right, very interesting because when we say dry ramadan if I say this person was dry Would you understand if I said the person was salty? Would you understand if I say the person was bitter? Would you understand if I said the person was saucy? Right, maybe some of you would understand if I said the person was fruity You would why do we use that one of the words for the humors this this theory is akhlaat Which means saliva the taste so each of us leaves a taste and everything leaves a taste that is indicative of its misage All right, so excellent No die. I mean not only do we get dry. We actually get dried out. Don't we? Yeah, what else? merciful Yeah, what else? beautiful Inviting warm Anybody else what if you were to describe ramadan as a person? What else would you say? I guessed How would you describe it in its in its own objective reality not not your personal relationship with it? Generous so it has a lot to give Is it demanding here? Yeah, is it strict? Is it is it a bit stubborn? Don't worry. You're not gonna get sinned to say yes Because it's it's very you know if it has thabat it's very you know, uh strong in ramadan You don't go to ramadan and say okay, you know, you said 30 I'll do 20 There's no uh, there's no you could all say 31 You know, it's 30 30, right? It's what it says. It's you gotta fast If you say, you know, I knew these guys these young lads they were struggling with ramadan So they're trying to build a relationship. They said we're gonna read the shama'il in ramadan I said I want to I don't want to tell them off, but I was like it's quran like you will always judge it by quran Not by shama'il.  Maybe even shaitans like Yeah, yeah So ramadan has its nature and what we want to do is we want to start to understand the mizaj aka the nature of the month So, uh, there's a verse of the quran really just indicating for us what this uh, this month is And let's just try to extract from divine guidance five aspects of ramadan that we're just going to outline for ourselves right now So you guys read that inshallah and and give me five things that are clearly quite obvious to you Sorry, I do like a workshop rather than a dars. So you have to be involved Just the obvious things. It's not like, uh, it's not, you know, giving shah You know, just giving a basic observable Clear message. What do you mean clear message? It's clear clear message is in relation to sorry Oh Clear message is referencing to quran. What's that got to do with ramadan? The clear message aspect doesn't really link to ramadan itself. It links to the quran The quran is the link to ramadan. So the first aspect we take from this is clearly the relationship with the quran Give the obvious stuff. What's the next thing? There's there's god wants ease for you in that process. Good. What else? Good. So there's an aspect of that when you take when you have this quran experience You will come out of ramadan with it with more discernment You'll be able to figure out now one of the interesting things is that did you know that pythagoras Wouldn't take students except that they used to fast Why because when you're hungry you are sharper And when you've had a big meal you're slower And your ability to discern between right and wrong starts to get smudged. And so there's a very interesting Invitation in ramadan is actually the experience of the fast Right, so you will actually start to be able to distinguish between right and wrong. Good, right? So we got three things so far. What else have we got? Fasting the obvious connection one more you can't say no more answers If you don't mind Did I just say that to her? Yes steadfastness good, so there's a clear five things. So what that means to us is that Just from that basic reflection Criterion the Allah's showing us the criterion for ramadan And this is the objective nature of ramadan not the projected nature that some of us may do due to our own natures Now i'm going to do it a little bit more in the context of children as well just because uh, you know We're all teachers and parents and stuff. So What you what you then want to understand is now mashallah all of you guys have had nurturing already That'll be has already happened to you guys you've lived enough of a life that you can't bend ramadan to your Particular will you know you have to deal, you know, you've learned but children will have a different experience due to their nature Because we've just explained Some aspects of what what what ramadan is in and of itself? So now There's it is an interesting aspect here about the the word itself ramada Ramadah has this idea of parchedness or that dryness that you were referring to a ramadan with the dah If if you know just as a connection there ramada means heat And so it's very interesting It's very indicative of therefore based on the temperament scale where ramadan would be Where would it be for the temperament people heart and dry? And therefore that would be in what temperament caloric and On the drier end melancholic right Interesting, okay So mizaj relates to the constitution of a thing using the energetic paradigm of the four natures humus and temperaments And those are the four temperaments with the principles that i've mentioned Now when we say nature, what do we mean by nature? We mean that in creation as i've already explained everything has a particular nature And this is the way the traditional framework of how they saw the world. It was called the energetic paradigm Okay, so temperament people are like, yeah, we know all about this um now Does this makeup only apply to material things? Does this makeup of hot dry cold and moist does it apply only to material things or could it apply to non-material phenomena? For example, if i'm doing a talk right now Is this isn't there a nature to the task? If the nature of the task was closer to my nature, what would you say? Yeah, another expression you've used all your life I mean my element using elements Right, this is one of the greatest gifts you can ever give to your children is give them or offer them a job That's closer to closer to their nature and you will find that they will be able to Just naturally be able to do it due to a knowledge, you know, you should have knowledge of their temperament even if they don't have it And so we're going to do that that if therefore ramadan has a nature Can we understand the nature of ramadan? So based on that we've got principle in ramadan That is ramadan invites us to quickness or slowness quick Put your hand if you think ramadan invites to more in more intense activity more quick put your hand up That's an high Okay, yeah Why ones yeah, yeah Good so therefore so slow doesn't mean no activity slow means slower activities So does ramadan by its nature have more slower activities or does it have more intense activities? So yes, so now it's interesting some of us spoke from an analytical place and some of us spoke from our own temperaments That if that that anyway, we'll get a spider couple of things a couple of things. Yeah, very interesting So definitely on the principle end And definitely like it the calf is not at the top left left hand side. Is it? You know These are these are slower contemplation. It all invites the there's hadith consideration Haste is from the devil consideration is from god So in ramadan you you're considering everything you consider even one thoughts when you try to go for the The fast that's the house of the house fast You start to you know, how it works, right the basic fast the gazale says mom gazale says It's just not eating and not drinking the second level of fasting the house fast is when you Are watching what you see watching what you say and the third level the house of house fasting is When you are watching your thoughts You fast from thoughts amazing, isn't it? So you're highly invited to this If you look at the concept itself of ramadan, these are just the natures of different people When it comes to ramadan and we bring in some of the core aspects of ramadan We will see that the core practices are all upon this side here Fasting and it is clearly on the more drier end God conscious building takwa building is on this side here. God. God takwa is on the more caloric side Right bang, but the rest of them reading quran heavily on the melancholic end Right because it's mondane is repetitive. It's not like sanguine ice creams every two seconds, which are the more spring type people more like air It's simple. You got to go with it. You got to go fast with it Retreating if the calf is introverted entirely and night prayers night prayers are somebody said, you know, that it's very social I said how they said, you know, you have tarawi I said, tarawi might be a pa'i for you, but it's not meant to be a party It's nice that you find a bit of a party in it and it's good because that's probably what your mizaj needs a little bit Some people and if you've been to tarawi, you'll know just go in and out And it's done. Okay. I'm a little done so So this is interesting now because if we know the mizaj of ourselves or of our children Who do you think well should naturally have a have a a more comfortable time with the Ramadan? Anyone on this end And if you've lived life and you reflect you will find especially if you've got different types of children You will know which one has this experience And which one has this experience where they where their nature is thrown out of balance So I so yesterday I did I did I did was doing the talk and I mentioned Ramadan and had the the connection with the nature of Ramadan and one of the Sisters came at the end and she said, you know, I get scared of Ramadan She said because I I can't live up to it and it's too demanding and it's too intense and 100 percent at temperament was on this end At temperament was on this end which is required which they want. They don't you know, this is a more softer more slower mizaj slow and very people oriented Imam Shafi and all these guys didn't stop teaching in Ramadan. They didn't even teach And they were heavily focused on this stuff here Okay, any questions so far? Bismillah. Yeah, absolutely. Yeah, and therefore So at at this moment, we're not bringing in any of we're not bringing us into Understanding Ramadan when we bring ourselves one of the ways I've said is maybe our temperaments But if we just take our temperaments for a second and say Which society the society were a part of what world do you live in? Could you even put your if could you put your world on the temperament scale? Is your how is it a quick world or a slow world that you live in? And so by that definition the world we live in is up here pal Yeah, very fast Very quick when we did this with the bulky stuff, you know, you know That's anger and that's obsession. That's why they're not the mental disorders of our time because everybody's got issues And everybody's got addictions and depression and anxiety through the roofs of people So these guys are stretched beyond anything so this is the kind of therapy work But they coming back to Ramadan. Yes, we are we are forced to live here So how in the world are we supposed to stretch out to this? Right, we'll get to that really. I mean based on that alone now. We know it means Can you take off three days for it to cough? And you're done like just one aspect one of these is done, right? Can I can I can I recognize to what degree can I commit to my night prayers? Haka that you you need to like how does GPS work? How does Kibla work before you work out your direction? But that's not enough. You must know what? Where you are if you don't know where you are that's that's how it works, right? Otherwise, I'd be putting out the Masala southeast in America the UK is Southeast. Yeah, I don't know what it is. Just follow the mosque So so so that's the idea. So first we understand that our Kibla in Ramadan This is what is showing us the kind of a life we need to kind of promote So there's that personal journey and then there's also the temperament aspect of the children itself So I'll then I'll so I'll go into like these four temperament experiences a Salat time, right? Yeah, yeah good. So Okay, all right and so So we will get into the different experiences of the temperaments Fundamentally, we just want to remind ourselves That the fundamental purpose as highlighted in the Quran here is the building of taqwa right building of taqwa The idea of bringing these Quranic verses is just to remind us why we're facing this Kibla Why would we do this analysis here? I'm not getting excited because I'm a temperaments guy and I get to do temperaments in Ramadan Let's not get out eye of the target. We are trying to Understand how we can build this into our life. That's our point here. Okay So when we look at taqwa So what I'm going to do now is we are going to go through all of these aspects here And understand them a little bit further into their nature so that we wherever we are in our temperament Wherever we are in our lives, we can understand at least taqwa a little bit better Then fasting a little bit better using the temperament model makes sense Some of this stuff will be stuff that we already know some of it will just be a perspective But hopefully that perspective will shed light on an angle of of living that we can have. You okay with time? Yes, we'll be here that was on. We will okay. Okay. So the first thing is that Understanding that when we're using this analysis here We must remind ourselves that all acts of worship are balanced And so though it's like a melancholic nature or a caloric nature Fundamentally, they are promoting balance within us. We must remember that repetitive principle behavior. This is what taqwa is all about It is a behavior which is all about principle Which is why a caloric may go from Which is a person who's on this end here They may find themselves going from Hating Ramadan to absolutely living Ramadan And that is all a switch of principles. So if you have children who are caloric or you're yourself caloric You need to understand that if you have the same principles of Ramadan, you'll have a good time But if you have different principles of Ramadan, that's where the problem will stem from And that's where people will go to Ramadan and that's what I'm trying to show here Is the principles of Ramadan are different Number one number two There's a controlling behavior of taqwa And if you if you've got a problem with being controlled You will have a very difficult time with taqwa Right Second thing is there's a healthy heat that is that is formed Which is a spiritual heat in Ramadan. This is the spiritual heat that that assists The vital force of a human being We continue now this other aspect of the healthy heat So as we were speaking about within this framework, right? We spoke about the kind of caloric energy This kind of heat So if you if you were to touch your hand at this moment just to touch your palm You would sense a lot of heat if you were to you know, breathe that You would sense a lot of heat This aspect of heat this aspect of the life force. This is this is basically the The life force. This is known in the in the hikmah tradition as the vital force This vital force Is something as time goes on it depletes and it's upon us to try to regulate it and to try to preserve it as best as we can When we're eating when we're in Ramadan one of the things that we do is we don't eat as much One of the beauties of that is we start to get our body used to not relying on Foods and their vitality But rather on on the spiritual vitality So what is spiritual vitality? What's spiritual vitality? What do you guys think what's spiritual vitality?   This is the dog Yeah, so so this is the kua hayawani What you want to do is you want to be able so so Ramadan promotes and it shows you the ability to function With good healthy energy That's more spiritual And and less dependent on food. So you take enough food to keep your function going But the baraka It brings about a different type of a heat. That's the type of a heat that allows you to Keep up the taqwa which requires a lot of energy, you know, I had a I had to do a class today The second class I did today was to young people on the nature and I tried to steer away from temperaments, but the That we went into temperament. So I never taught kids temperaments before I've been anti that So the kids took it out of me. Yeah So so so I was so careful how I was speaking and I was conscious because I didn't want them to misunderstand Or to reduce or to label themselves and et cetera, et cetera. So some parents do it but so So required a lot of mental energy, but how are you supposed to do such mental energy on little food? You have a different heat you have a different vital force that kicks in it's not from microwave chips or whatever Yeah, this stems from and and it's truly as hakeem archileta says That the level of qawa that you need the power the vital force you need He says it's what comes in that the only way you can counter it in the modern world. He says it's through zikr All right, so that's his particular take on it But the idea being is that Ramadan also then the taqwa aspect the fasting aspect is promoting of a healthy healthy heat Okay The restoration of natural faculties as fasting resets the body mind and soul. So the prophet asom said fast and be healthy One of the beauties of that is the fasting is you know, the annual detox And not just the annual detox of the body but also the mind and the soul and And it is obviously incredible and one of the things that we know is that when a brain is fasting, like I said Aristotle But many many others during the in Alexandria the Greeks during the exam period everybody was fasting so So we you know, so so what happens at the amount of neurons and the amount of connections that start to form And so on and so forth and these are not the reasons why we're fasting but these are byproducts of that experience that To acknowledge them doesn't reject faith They don't sometimes be like oh, why are you talking about the neurons? Like it's enough that God said fast But it's also it's also a part of that that that cleansing process that takes place And then also the spiritual cleanse that takes place Vital form from a spiritual place that I've mentioned about and the main thing is is the structural experience that it gives us So again notice these terms structure What temperaments is that closer to and the ones who don't have a structural temperament the ones who are not naturally in their nature more structured they actually have a really Incredible opportunity to actually double down on that Verses those who are already structured generally So it's it's very interesting because if you take this same concept on memorizing the Quran you can almost Propose the best temperament for memorizing Quran Any temperament people here just want to give it a go. Just guess Melancholic to give me give me primary and secondary Okay, anybody else Are you definitely haven't studied with me, huh? Melancholic caloric anybody else It's dramatic what? So according to my sit, I mean we don't know right But according to what I've sat down with with the the hofadh teachers and I'm surrounded by quite a lot My my take is melancholic phlegmatic Yeah, melancholic phlegmatic because if it's a melancholic caloric the caloric will will have them getting up and doing something And the melancholic phlegmatic is what will keep them there And keep them in that place that they need to have which is The staying within the structure Not having a structure because the melancholic caloric is they have a structure and then they'll the caloric will tend to Change the structure Right, but the melancholic phlegmatic accepts the structure. You can't you know, you can't really do Especially when it comes to fasting When it comes to memorizing Quran you can't keep chopping and changing you just stick to one formula and just complete it Because a lot of these are tried tried and tested methods. Anyway So so then what we so what we did was we looked at different Temperaments and their formula of how do you how do you get a sign when it's kid to memorize the Quran? How do you get a more caloric kid to memorize Quran? Right? So maybe one day I'll do that online or something But just something for yourselves to consider So so then imagine that in the in the context of fasting Okay, go. Sorry. Somebody had a question Sorry, so say that again, sorry Method we're doing the environment watch shame the student to That's Yeah, well it would yeah, it would you like in the mosque, you know, whatever the place of of memorizing That you can't be a tiktok inspired distracted adhd center, right? You have to have like a degree of you know Reduction of of kind of sanguine us and caloric and fast-paced things you have people come in You know as much as it will be a busy place But that zone has to be a place where Where where you have a pretty much a melancholic phlegmatic experience going on So yes, it absolutely will promote that within the child. Will it become their primary? No, but will it will it be after after three four years of that? Will it majorly have an impact on their constitution? Yes, should it be healthy? Yes Uh, if done if done, right, it's it will be beautiful for that child because they will then always know how to get to that That's the beauty. That's the beauty But if you do it too much And you cut off the other angle of this of this child who's not that Then you know, you you might even end up having trauma the child might have end up having trauma Because there's major imbalance being pushed onto the child So that's something to always now when I say trauma by the way I mean, let's not I'm talking like light trauma, right? This trauma says degrees as well. Somebody said to me what's the effects of the of the trauma of trauma I said it depends on the nature of trauma the nature of the trauma is just to use the term alone. It consists of so many things And there's also almost a reverse trauma where there's one thing where you we're rejecting a child's nature and there's one thing when you you As a as a as a nurturer promote one aspect and further an imbalance Imagine that Make sense. Yeah, my teachers. That's what we do Yeah, so imagine Yeah, you know, no imagine a child is caloric, right dominant caloric I imagine that's my child and I'm caloric and I've not balanced myself Irrespective of what I've done, right imagine I so if I was to if I was to Repress and and control the and say no, don't do this. Don't do that You know, you're not like most likely later on the kid will be like, oh, you never lied me to be if he's a guy He'll do it by 15. He'll reject you. Yeah He'll do it with his dad at 15 with his mom will do it at 12 And if it's a woman, she'll do it maybe like at 19 She'll turn around and say I know I need to live my life. Okay So that's the type of you know, you you didn't let me be me Well, what about if I went and pushed him even further? Why is that not trauma? Like that that because what would that create that will create like Major imbalance almost lunatic-esque And there's a paper done in Iran about like mental disorders. You can check that out, inshallah So then now we go to the Quran reading seclusion, right again seclusion period less socializing An intimate moment This these are the some of the elements I'm trying to pull out here that you can kind of Introduce maybe to a sanguine as child that it's the it's the intimate moment. Do you want to have a conversation with God? Right because a melancholic child will be drawn to that a little bit more due to it's cyclical We understand why we do it. That's good enough for me A sanguine is like, okay, but are we gonna then can I get to read out? Can I can I get to do a presentation after you know, will we go for ice cream after? So in the intimate aspect, but really just to understand the Quran itself, it's a therapeutic experience Required to listen none can touch it except the pure This is the Quranic reference. And so, you know, there's an experience with the Quran that not only do you have to have actual wudu with it One interesting thing you everybody's noticed is that when people Go into certain sins the Quran is actually lifted from their hearts And if you ever sit with young people, you'll know about that young people will tell you that when I left a sin The verse, you know, I've started to memorize again and I could remember Quran again. So You know, uh, and then the grounding aspect of it and consider long-term living slash personal personal trajectory. So Uh, so so again, all of this is is melancholic in nature Right, even though it's healthy balance. Just remember that this is not imbalanced melancholic. It's healthy any questions on that That if the Quran is being read, you're required to listen.  One of the kids called it stubborn melancholic It's not necessarily good or bad. It's just it is what it is. It's almost like a melancholic Who sometimes doesn't have social doesn't have very good social skills So so the sign ones would be like, oh, the kid, you know, that person's a bit weird That person's just being them when you get melancholic temperaments Most of the time there would be a very certain type of a person Um, and they are as they are and you got to meet them there socially Socially you have to meet them more where they are that makes sense Which then okay, I don't want to open under the tangent. Any questions on that? Yeah, yeah, please ask Don't worry about it. Yeah So, you know, you know as a teacher when you set a task for students Yeah, when you give uh, when you give a task the caloric child skips the first three questions generally Right, they'll do the first one and then they'll jump on to like, where's the real give me the real stuff Yeah, they'll that's generally calerics Flamatics needs some reinforcement sign wins will do one answer show you etc different Melancholic, you know the first thing the melancholic does is actually checks if the task is clear The first the first thing the sanguine child will do is is is it a clear task? If it's not a clear task, they'll come and they'll get stressed and they'll ask you what we're supposed to do all right, so So that means that so basically so so it means that for a melancholic child All you just need to do is just like The nature is similar. So you just need to promote it Basically like it's not hard to promote what Ramadan is. We do this for x y and z reasons You do this this will happen you do this this will happen basic education generally You know This you might even come almost a sanguine as approach to the science is a little bit different For some people it's like Allah says fast and that's it done and that is uh, uh, that's and for a melancholic child Like the idea being if it's a melancholic child. It's actually not that hard Just convey why we're fasting how we're doing it what what they expect you to do and they'll be doing it That's not on the other end But it's it's at the other end of the caloric the fire the opposite of the fire is that But melancholic is here the opposite of melancholic is the airy type Yeah, but if you got a water one, yeah water type you Yeah, so the so these are some of the things so essentially from here by understanding Quran You tell me on there what would appeal to a more romantic child if I want to promote Quran to them What else? so You gotta you gotta meet them at that nature But if you understand what like i'm just offering a perspective on Quran that that will allow you to connect A person every child would be like Innocent because it's all nuffs related. What's in it for me? Type of a question So if you're like this is your special relationship with with Allah when you read Quran Allah is talking to you Etc. Etc. These are the types of things that will appeal So you're essentially appealing to the nature of the child. So therefore they're more comfortable with that experience So if you're having so I'm I'm not giving you the specific advice yet I'm just giving you the nature of of of the Quran itself You might start to make connections, but I'll go into the phlematic experience in a bit But but if you if you take if you're taking your notes here and you're understanding the Quran itself Then when you have a phlematic child you can take that phlematic approach even with the Quran right now So so you just looked and you said required to listen. That's fantastic The phlematic will will actually like that. So the more you understand the temperaments the more you will appreciate the connections between The Quran and how it would appeal to that nature Right and like so if you got a caloric kid, he's the kid who's going They want to just get get moving get rocking stand up walk back and forth You know, so they don't feel restricted while they're reading Quran You know what I mean, so you're working with their whole formula here is working with natures So we should call the book working with natures Okay, good. Did that answer? Yeah, but thank you for asking like please do ask because I I know you may notice that I sometimes stir up into the distance and pause for a moment That's basically me just slowing my mind down So you know, so you guys have to ask those questions so I can go back Because obviously they're so loaded terms for me that I have to kind of remember, you know What what does that look like for you guys at that point? So please please do ask inshallah The night prayers so now night prayers slow and steady absolutely appealing to the phlematic Hey, let's read together. Let's you and read And if you're not if you feel tired, just take a seat Nine out of ten times your phlematic will be next to you Chloric will be like I'm a bit tired now Sanguine will be like, you know, maybe like can I bring something with me play a game on the side? You know that type of stuff, right? And you might be like well, maybe to bring them to the mosque Maybe you want to bring in something like that or If I was to bring my sanguine as kid to the mosque I would be like you're going to do that speech when you're going to summarize it when we go home Just give them something to do more extraverted natures So understand the extraverted nature needs something to do with that By the way, you feel free to take pictures here, but I don't know what's going to happen with the recording though. This is actually like a paid class So sorry, but yeah, you guys are free to take pictures So slow and steady, right? The night prayers slow and steady is the first thing to understand It's it's pure worship. So this is again the melancholic aspect. It's high ideals So this is something melancholic will appreciate introverted by its nature Did you know that the world we live in, what did we say was the type of world we live in More on the caloric side, right? Caloric and sanguinous. What happened in lockdown? We all ended up on the bottom, right? Didn't we? The world reacted, right? We all ended up in the more phlegmatic melancholic world during lockdown Then what happened when everybody was inside their home? Did you guys notice how everybody started doing building work? Yeah, so they started doing more phlegmatic melancholic things which were like Well, actually, let's do some interior design Did you get it? It's very interesting because if you look at seasonal Every year, every year, Allah gives us lockdown time. What's that lockdown time called every year seasonal? Autumn and winter, right? Autumn and winter. Did you know that that uh, did I tell you this before That did you know um, furniture DIY shops have their sales At the end of winter because they know that people have been inside their homes and it's the best time to sell to people Simply based on behavioral Norms based upon temperaments even so it's just very interesting that so then when you're looking at the introverted nature of the of the qiyamul leil You know sometimes if I was like with a caloric I'd put a target like yeah, you can't do it You can't yeah, you couldn't do no 20 prayers And the caloric would be like well trust me. I can like it's not that hard Well, let's see Most clerics would be so socially like intelligent if you've already gone the other way they'll know like Are you gonna fall for that? Yeah, guess what? I can't pray. Oh, hey That's the thing with the fire. You gotta be careful those caloric kids But the phlegmatic the melancholic and even the sanguine as you can really Invite that for the caloric I'd sit down. I'd be like look Do you not understand like oh, and I would really reason and I would actually talk about The benefits of slowing down And the benefits of the introvert and you gotta understand these are adults that you're trying to like bring back as teenagers These are young kids who will actually be Welcome to the other nature because it will actually promote within within them the introverted principles So post the tarabi I would actually turn around and say how was that for you? You know the guaranteed the kids gonna say I thought about a ton of stuff Right, that's what they get. I thought about tons and tons of things And and and that's actually kind of promoting the idea. And so what did you think just curious? What did you think about and you're actually facilitating and kind of working with and promoting the idea that thinking and tafak could even though you might want to say you know In it try to listen to the Quran, but the kid doesn't know Arabic His mind will wonder or her mind will wonder. Do you know what I mean? And so maybe use that as a task to promote climatic melancholic qualities That may be new to the child which are more introverted principles to a caloric and it's like what the heck And they actually start to appreciate that personal detail and correct so You know certain the certain details of the prayer will will appeal to a more melancholic temperament, etc Less involved. It's almost like a you know night prayers though Those though there is the aspect of being with others. It's it's kind of like a a non-contact ibadah You know, it's not very social and like somebody said, you know, is it like After Ramadan you get your Sanguine us maybe phlegmatic indulgence in the community communal experience of Eid for example but This is is kind of you know And you never limit the child just because the child sang when it doesn't mean that they can't Uh, the melancholic aspects of the detail can't appeal to them What you what what you'd want to do is you want to want to bring the aspect even within ourselves Is to be like can you follow the details for god's sake? Not and so so for the melancholic temperament naturally it's more can you follow the details for detail sake Can you follow details for the letter of the law's sake for the sangs out? Well, what about The the letter of the spirit or whatever how do they say the letter of the spirit spirit of the law Yeah, the letter of the spirit the spirit of the law that that is something Because the spirit itself is closer to the sanguine as nature due due to the Ruh and Rih kind of combination spirit Raha And Rih wind and so you find a great connection. That's why a person who's more sanguine as you will say you seem spirited You know And if you connect it to islamic psychology of qalb akal nafs and Ruh Ruh is there So So you're promoting the less involved kind of more private prayers from a Uh, from that sanguine as perspective. That's not necessarily a party But one of Sanguine principles of love etc etc So you want to know temperaments and you want to understand Ramadan That's what we're trying to do here a few more inshallah the retreat aspect, which is the ittikaf It's complete introversion Which is something that you can appeal to all types of people and all types of temperaments Right because the melancholys the phlematics will generally love that and the calerics will see as a target of experience and the sanguine Will like it because it's an experience the caleric will like the target The sanguine likes the fact that ah you mean two days it Two days in the mosque three days in the mosque You know three days at home just in my room. So so they're the the kind of angles to bring into it Private worship slower living. I mean this is not a course to just talk to about children By the way, I'm coming at that angle This is for you because if you can't find that connection Good luck trying to promote it to somebody else That's what that's what's really going on here. Uh, people always say what's the best Course for the temperaments of children. I say the knowing yourself of the adults classical You don't know yourself. What are you going to do for the kids? Sacred space sit with thoughts feelings and emotions. It's like, you know, generally a phlematic melancholic dream But in today's time due to such a kind of tension you have to kind of think about, you know Sometimes they can get kind of lost in that. So that's why there's there's still a societal and a structured aspect of it the calf Rather than just sitting around doing nothing Right and build a focused and prioritized living. So this is the prioritized living aspect is that In our lives, we do take out that time for God.  Is it doable? Is it what is one night doable? Right and and in those moments, there's a priority that's being established and of course children will will take from that by observation so come into The uh, so so this bit's really kind of Focusing now on the different challenges of the different temperaments. So when we look at the caloric They start off with high aspirations And that's the best way for a caloric to make the most of it. If they don't have a high aspiration, it's Doesn't make sense to live life without high aspiration Trying to stay consistent learning to submit and not having it their way This is a this is a thing that I would really promote to a more caloric person is is that Ramadan's a love surrender Enjoying a slower calmer living They may feel overwhelmed with thoughts feelings and emotions Which which may lead to decision-making, uh, which is not always a good type of a decision-making, which is basically they get They get so caught up into thoughts feelings and ideas, which they're not used to it's almost like have you ever You know, you know caloric people are very active people Have you ever tried to get very a very active person to sit down and just listen? Or sit down and just think and there's an irritability that starts to kick in and that irritability Will then be the thing that leads to poor decision-making It's fascinating because you think that if you get them to sit down, they'll make good decisions. It's funny Interesting they can actually make bad decisions from that the other three are not like that The other three temperaments would be good. Is the caloric's because it's like It's like, you know, a caloric is rushed to like respond Naturally, okay, not naturally naturally nurture will be different So it's like they have a thought in their mind to which they react quickly to does that make sense Or they have like this this this Then I must do this and I know oh, you don't have to do that because you just sit with that for a moment So sitting with things is like wonders for caloric's if you hear caloric who could sit with somebody and just sit with them like superstar right there temperament superstar Um Have targets for the month, you know, and I would really you know with the care just rewatch What's the plan? What's the plan bang bang bang? So every person here Your own killer like if you have a caloric child and you don't have a target Your caloric child will not relate to you because your model is different to them so so The whole philosophy here is you are not one of them You are all of them the more you invest in yourself the more you will naturally connect with the others Right. Yeah I can fail to inculcate the rahmah perspective Don't need to say anything So for those who know they know for those who don't know don't worry about it Because you're probably not caloric And if you are caloric, you know, so there you go a melancholic Like I say they like structure if they already have a structure in the case of an adult now If a melancholic already has a structure to to offer The correct structure It's not like giving it to a sanguine because the sanguine generally won't have it so they'll take it A melancholic will will be like how do I how do I bring ramadan into my What I have I have this right how do I connect the two right? So this is the kind the case of like, you know, the adult who's like I'll fast but I can't make trawi because I gotta be at work for this time and you know like I mean without without making anyone sound bad But we all kind of go into this because adult life is more melancholic We have so many responsibilities. We're given a way to already other structures. We have a nine to five Etc. Etc. So it is very difficult to try to match that within that so So a melancholic can have a tendency to naturally then just keep the priority of work in the month of ramadan when actually You should be doing all all that you can to Open up time for yourself in the month of ramadan And uh, uh, it makes sense That's what we mean by that. Yeah, the case of a child would probably be a It wouldn't be really the case because they're at the sanguine stage. So mostly Or maybe a couple of melancholic kids would be like, but it changes my usual structure A few would be like that Uh, and the last one this is the Um, the phlegmatic so they generally enjoy the slower living enjoy the time away from dunya Measurement, which is which is a real concept of dunya measurements. You understand what that means, right? Anyone want to explain dunya measurements? Basically the dunya we standard of measuring anything anything, you know So dunya is always like if it's fast and quick, it's good Right, and we don't have that measurement Um, so generally phlegmatics Are happy that in ramadan those aren't the successes of life anymore. No one cares about how fast or how much work How much money you made Right, so so therefore comfortable in ramadan can truly achieve with the right guidance creates a bond with ramadan If they connect with it through thoughts feelings and emotions So you're not going to go to a phlegmatic and be like, so what's your target for ramadan? Oh, how many quran? Okay all right good, you know like The that they would be like, well, how do you feel about ramadan? So what did you do last year? Okay How do you feel what what's your target for this year? How do you feel that your target's about the same? And this is how you would navigate that conversation with the more water phlegmatic type So connect their them to ramadan through thoughts feelings and emotions and without a plan they can just watch it go by More than all through all of the other temperaments because the sanghwan will Be trying to make something of it While it goes by but they'll be frantically trying to juggle something as they try to say ramadan. You're happy, you know Uh, the caloric will will will will also be trying Uh, the melancholic will be trying with phlegmatics might just kind of have a Kind of a freeze response and within like the first 15 days or something and just be like, oh, you know, I just I give up All right, so um That's that could be the case not necessarily the case But that's all about the plan if they don't have a plan then watch you go by if they have a plan They're all right So if you're thinking about or phlegmatics or i'm a phlegmatic and i've never seen watch it go by It's probably because you got a plan Yeah, okay and So a time to retrieve To find priorities to live efficiently to recover to hit personal goals to spend moments of intimacy with the law to restore The vital force as a reminder of what it is And uh, and that's there. That's the end of our journey um You could ignore peter bro because that's you have peter bro here in the us. No in california. Okay, good Uh, but anyway, um, if you're interested in any of our stuff some people are asking for the email. So there's the email um You know if you benefit edu share on socials if you if you're if you're up for that If you're interested in like temperaments and like more regular monthly kind of engagement We have a we have a class a class called the lost in translation class Which is basically an opportunity to just bring temperament scenarios and we cover like a range of uh aspects from Like uh attachment theory love like like a whole bunch of stuff like tons and tons of stuff Um And we have two retreats happening this year. We had a turkey retreat last year I'm the law is very successful and it was using the temperaments in in a retreat format We're focusing on virtues and things like that. So if you are interested, um, you know, you can find out more about that And we also have a spain retreat, uh So another so as much as the temperaments is my personal passion I also have more of a passion in translating traditional the tradition in a contemporary format You kind of you kind of experience anyway one one program we have which is our affirmations program Uh, which is really using prophetic doors. We have a specific course on the word latif But we have monthly class on that as well So if you like the kind of explanation if you've ever seen about like doors and things like that You can join us on the monthly thing And we have like lots and lots of courses Somebody reminded me to plug this we have lots and lots of courses that we have like an all access pass Which basically gives you for a whole year access to like 20 classes And you can all the way from teas and oils and temperaments to mental health to relationships Whatever you want And thank you guys for listening. Um, if you have any questions you can ask otherwise, uh, we're done Perfect yes, and I have my fourth class of the day in about 20 minutes. Um, so, uh, the book that I recommend is, um There's a bunch of books. Uh, it depends on what angle you want to study Uh, did you know yourself? I'll see you guys haven't done it. Okay. They might have their notes on them here The little book list just sending the book list is much easier. Um, I'm sure everybody else is wondering that so I'll just mention it The temperament God gave you is a good nice comfortable read. Uh, if you're interested in, um A slightly more detailed more sanguine as an exposition Then you might want to look at the four temperaments by a lady called Randy Rolf She has a very good explanation Um, but it's a bit it's like lots of principles. It's pretty good But you will find that because they're not really from the Hikma tradition You will find some inconsistencies All right, if you want to know more of it from a tib perspective, you can look at, uh, hakim selim khan's material or the college of medicine and healing arts And uh, I think that's good enough. If you have any more questions, just email us and we'll give you a book list, inshallah


The main goal of the project I'm working on, and in this occasion I'm going to speak about, is the reconstruction of all the events characterizing the Volkonsky collection. The chosen title from the museum back to the collection wants to summarize the fundamental idea. In fact, the study of this antiquities collection should necessarily have started from today's museum exhibition going backwards. Nowadays, Villa Volkonsky, is the official residence of the British ambassador to Italy in Rome, and it had always housed in its garden hundreds of Roman antiquities, which, however, in the last decades were in an almost neglected state, hidden by the garden vegetation. In 2011, 360 marbles of the Volkonsky collection were restored. For reason of conservation, most of the antiquities have been moved from the garden and placed in two 19th century greenhouses, named the Volkonsky Greenhouses Museum. This small museum, kind of museum, is under quest open to the public, and an almost complete online catalogue is available through the database of the German Archeological Institute Aracne. The Villa Volkonsky collection is still unexplored territory, with only a very limited number of published marbles. The artifacts still preserved today, more than 400, include six funeral portraits, about 70 sarcophagi in tektor fragmentif, of course, I'm showing you just some pictures, 100 fragments of various sased statues, 155 architectural elements, eight funeral altars, and about 100 inscriptions. Moreover, these antiquities represent various period of ancient art, from the late Roman republican period to the early Middle Ages. As I said, the Museum of the British Embassy can tell us a long story reach of events, since the marble were collected from the beginning of the 19th century. In 1829, the Russian princess in Ida Volkonsky, disillusioned with Russia under Tsar Nicholas I, decided to move to Rome. The history of the villa as such began in 1830, when the princess, a woman of great culture, purchased a vineyard on the Sillian Hill, which included 36 arches of the aqueduct of Nero. Zinaida Volkonsky transformed the vineyard into an English garden, where she built a summer house and displayed fragments of Roman marbles in the scenic backdrop of the arches of the aqueduct. The garden became an attraction for visiting artists and writers, including Gogol, Turgenev, and Sir Walter Scott. However, very little is known about Zinaida Volkonsky's collection. A proper family archive does not exist, even if some documents mostly useful for the family history are now kept at the Houghton Library at Harvard University. Necessarily the research has been carried on through other ways, such as descriptions or images. For instance, Fanny Mendelssohn, sister of the famous composer, described in a letter to her family, the princess garden in 1840, I quote, through the garden landways run ruins of an aqueduct, which they have to account in various ways, building steps outside arches, putting seats at the top and filling vacant places in the ivy mantel walls with statues and busts. Roses climbs up as high they can find support, and always Indian fig trees and palms run wild among capitals and columns, ancient vases and fragment of all kind, end quote. This description is interesting, allowing us to imagine how should be displayed the collection. Today we have just some few preserved elements, which suggested the romantic idea of the English garden, such as a gigantic marble hand set into the aqueduct's wall, or the small grottoes formed from the aqueduct's buried lower arches. Unfortunately, it is not possible without an inventory to define which antiquities were part of this first stage of the collection, but I would like to stress on the idea that the prince was an aware collector of antiquities, even though she was never been considered in this way. She was very fond of art, and it is hard to believe that all the marbles were being only accidentally found in the villa's grounds. Among the several clues supporting this assumption, my favorite is a quote from a Zenidas letter to a friend, to a Russian friend, written immediately after her moving to Italy, and I quote. My first letter is dated from Pompeii. I repeat my invitation, come to Italy, the sea shortens distances, come and collect marbles, lava, memories, poetry, above all, come and reflect under this cloudless sky, end of quote. The Volkonsky collection represents a perfect case study of 19th-century collecting in Rome. It is significant that the collection came together at a fairly late date, later than grand tour collections. During this period, Nuburgos, or noble foreign collectors, joined or replaced the older papal aristocracy. The princess made her own aesthetic and decorative choice, and she probably took advantage of her connections, which by the way were many, to find the best artifacts at the time when Rome had already been plundered for antiquities. When Zinaida died in 1862, Arsene Alexander inherited the property. He was a Russian diplomat, served in Dresden and later in Madrid, but despite his work, he continued to consider Rome as his home and look after the villa. He commissioned, in fact, the architect Joachino Erzok, to embellish the garden, and during his work, 1866, the well-preserved columbarium of the freedmen Tiberius Claudius Vitalis was discovered. Alexander was interested in the discovery and asked the formal permission to pursue the excavation and the restoration of the monument. At that time, the prince increased the number of inscriptions, including the new epitaphs coming from the columbarium. It is also known that Alexander bought antiquities from the antiquarian Lorenzo Fortunati, who personally carried on excavations in some property outside Rome. As for Zinaide, Alexander had several relationships with scholars or antiquities dealers, and his contribution increased the collection. He also made some changes in the garden, rearranging part of the display. After Alexander's death, 1878, his adopted daughter, Nadeide, inherited the property and married Marquesa Vladimiro Kampanari. Kampanari family built a new mansion, but around the property a massive urbanization began, involving the loss of part of the garden. Significant excavations preceded this work, bringing to light funerary monuments, mosaics, marbles, that in some cases became part of the Volkanski collection, and in other cases enriched the National Museum of Rome, as known thanks to the archival documentation. The study of these excavations reveals the archeological provenance of certain finds in the collection, as, for example, the grave reliefs with portrait of the Servile family, or the epitaph of Bebi. These are the only preserved evidences of the destroyed funeral monuments. In the Antike Bildwerke in Rome by Friedrich Matz and Friedrich von Duon, 1881, 1882, we can read the description of several Volkanski antiquities. It represents an important document attesting also the loss of several marbles, no longer kept in the collection, probably sold or stolen. In addition to this, there is also the importance of some descriptions, such as the one of the Atenapartenos statue, one of the most remarkable marble of the collection. Thanks to the historical documentation, we can understand the statue's progressive state of preservation.  This is the only until now known picture of the still restored statue. A French traveler took this photo with some others of the villa at the beginning of the 20th century, and I have found this in an antique shop. This other picture, kept at the photographic archive of the German Archaeological Institute, shows how all the statues, restorations were removed at least before 1931, the picture's date. After this aside and going back to chronological descriptions of the events, the Campanari family moved to Russia in the early 20th century, and the villa was rented out in 1922. They sold the property, with its full collection of antiquities, to the German government for use as the new German embassy. During the German years, 1922-1945, it is clear that there was not a great interest in the collection, and the Italian government was able to have, as a gift, at least two statues of the collection to exhibit in the Roman National Museum. In the early 30s, some scholars took pictures of Sarkova Gaia in the garden, already almost hidden in the vegetation. At the end of the Second World War, the villa was placed under the Allied Control Commission. In 1947, the Italian government made it available to the British government to use as a temporary embassy, after the former embassy at Rome's Portapia was destroyed in a terroristic attack. Interest returned when the villa became the British embassy, and the collection was expanded. For instance, the statue musical satyr, which during the later restoration works in 2011 was reassembled from 15 fragments separately displayed in various places of the garden, was not part of the Volkonsky collection, but it was in the former English embassy. This statue was found during some excavations carried by the diplomat and antiquarian Sir John Seville. Many photographs show the collection during the years as just the decorative embellishment of the embassy. Slowly, as I said, the marble started to be forgotten and hidden by the vegetation. Not without reason, in certain publication of the 70s, some Volkonsky statues and Sarkova Gaia were believed as lost. After many years of oblivion, we arrived to the current museum exhibition. As it has been said, the story of the Volkonsky greenhouse museum allows us to take long travel through time, from Roman republican age barials, to the salon of the Russian aristocracy in Rome, from the Second World War to the post-war years and up to the present days. Thank you.


Olvan polysaccharides extracted from Ulvarigida have been shown to possess strong anti-cancer properties in both in vitro and in vivo studies. In vitro experiments suggest that these polysaccharides are effective against several types of cancer cells, including human fibroblasts, immortalized human keratinocytes, a human leukemia cell line, a human malignant melanoma cell line, and a colon cancer cell line. And vivo tests on zebrafish embryos indicate that olvan can cause significant growth retardation when administered at high doses, but that lower dosages do not appear to cause any harmful effects. These results suggest that olvan may be a viable option for treating certain types of cancer. This article was authored by Jorge García Marquez, Bruna Rodriguez-Morera, P.A. Dodd-Valverdeguian, and others.


As the name suggests, the poly drone is designed to monitor pollution levels. Pollution has different types such as dust, hazardous gases, noise, light, UV and radiation. I will go through each of them individually. To begin with, one of the most harmful pollutant is dust. To monitor dust concentration, the poly drone operates on the principle of laser scattering. It is an active sampling method where constant airflow is passed through the system. The air sample enters through this inlet and exits from this outlet. Inside is a laser beam which continuously counts the particulate matter present in the air sample to derive the concentration of PM1, 2.5 and 10. Apart from dust, gases like socks and nox are also major causes of respiratory diseases. The poly drone measures toxic gases through active sampling by taking a sample of air through this inlet every two minutes. This sample is analyzed by different gas sensors working on proven principles like electrochemical, NDIR and PID. Complete gas analysis is done by measuring the concentration of socks, nox, ozone and carbon oxides. Our nervous system is highly impacted by exposure to excess noise. This downward facing noise sensor is ideally positioned to capture noise up to 140 decibels. The noise monitoring system constantly monitors noise level and derive logarithmic means like lmax, lmin and leq. Did you know exposure to excess sun radiation causes rashes, sunburns and even skin cancer? UV rays present in the sunlight are extremely harmful to the skin. The ambient light is captured from the parameter dome on the top of the equipment which has various photo sensors to measure UV radiation, light intensity and solar radiation from the ambient light. Through this probe, it measures atmospheric conditions like temperature, humidity and pressure. At the bottom of the device, you can observe there are three ports in addition to the power port which are given to attach external modules like nanometer, rainfall and flood monitoring systems. Such meteorological parameters enable us to identify the source and dispersion of the pollutants. Here we've tried to include all types of environmental monitoring capabilities in one compact system. This makes it a comprehensive solution for smart cities, campuses, roadways, airports and many such applications. Polydrone can be calibrated at three levels, factory, lab condition and in ambient condition through co-location. Post installation, the equipment can be periodically calibrated on site for consistent accuracy. Now, let's get to the basic requirements of any IoT hardware, power and connectivity. This is where power input is attached. It can be either through external power or solar panel. For data communication, it is available with a range of wireless options like GSM, Wi-Fi, Lora, SIGFOX, narrowband IoT and wired options like Ethernet and Modbus. This equipment which I have with me is our GSM variant whereas this is the RJ45 port for Ethernet-based connectivity as a secondary communication. The entire purpose of Polydrone is to monitor environmental data. Let me elaborate on data accessibility. The real-time data is collected on Oizom IoT platform which can be hosted on Oizom or the customer's infrastructure. The data retrieving intervals can be configured remotely as per the application. This data can be integrated with outdoor LED displays and third-party applications using our secured APIs. The data can be further visualized and analyzed on our data terminal which can extract actionable alerts, print ready reports and historical data analytics. The data is also accessible using our mobile app. To know more about data accessibility, click the thumbnail below.


Well, Swindon Town are looking to keep their playoff hopes alive with victory over Bradford City this afternoon at the county ground Swindon down the left-hand side Bradford China play the way out the back falls to Pritchard Pritchard gets the shot in and it's gone over the bar Spread out to the right-hand side. There's two or three red shirts in the box It's a great ball in and a water save that is from the goalkeeper They just still not cleared But McLaughlin is keeping Bradford in this game Swindon still come forward and this is a great spell of pressure by the home side Ball hit long this time and they get a shot away. It's But the shot comes in and Swindon finally have taken the lead It's Cox with the goal And all their pressure is finally told McLaughlin looked unbeatable I'd love a second Swindon Town to Put this game to bed It's a lovely little ball played through and McLaughlin's there once again at the near post, but It could have been so much more It's come off his own player there Foddering him I think has taken a kick, but it's finished here Swindon have beaten Bradford City by a golden ill their playoff hopes are still alive They find themselves just four points behind Peterborough


Welcome to Access to Trader, the number one community for those who are committed to taking control of their trading in order to achieve success, profitability, and longevity. Thank you for joining us. Here's Dan Shapiro to help you find your edge, master your process, and own your future. Hey guys, happy Monday everybody. Welcome to another edition of the AccessToTrade.com, that we wrap up show. So I hope everybody had a good day. So let's talk about the market. So if you watched the weekend update, the market kind of played out what we thought it was going to do. I thought the beta names today for the most part were going to be probably muted just because everybody was waiting for Tesla to drop earnings and then slowly but surely you have kind of a Super Bowl going this week. You got Amazon on Thursday, we'll get to that in a second, and all these big kings of the jungle. I think the market performed very admirably today. The Dow was down 60 points, nothing. The Nasdaq did its thing doing very, very well. I think people were watching Tesla to see kind of the reaction to it. If you look on the surface, pretty decent numbers. It's all going to come down to guidance on the conference call. As you can see here, Tesla's down about 20 after the close, which is not really horrible considering the growth story. That's all where it's at right now. It's all about the growth story. We'll see how on the conference call and eventually how Bitcoin played a part, how deliveries going forward and all that good stuff. But I think the most intriguing part of what we saw today was kind of how strong the market is continuing to build. And we talked about the first time closing over the five-day moving average on Friday. And all we just needed to see is how many of these names were going to start confirming. You saw strength today once again in the semiconductor names, the Amats of the world, and the video is setting up tomorrow really, really well. A big story, I think, came out of Charlie Gasparino on Fox Business. If you guys remember him, he used to work on CNBC now. He works with Fox, very, very opinionated guy, very aggressive in nature. And he, quote-unquote, broke the story that Amazon traders were circulating that Amazon possibly was going to split. This isn't breaking news. People have been circulating this. Amazon's going to split news from the last five to seven years. So this isn't exactly a breaking story. But we started seeing some really aggressive call-buying coming in the options market on Amazon. We'll get to the pivot in a second. We started seeing some really aggressive call-buying coming in on Amazon for the 3400s, the 3500s, the 3600s, the 4000s, very, very aggressive. And this kind of rumor started circulating. And the one thing that it did do was give traders an incredible amount of funnel, right? Because nobody wants to miss that headline. If Amazon ever comes out, who knows if it ever will.  Because realistically, if this thing does announce a split, this will be an absolute monster, monster move. So I think there's a built-in FOMO in this name right now. And they report Thursday after the close. And I do believe, and I said this today in the webinar, regardless of what Tesla's earnings were going to be, I can't see somebody with a position on Amazon, a long position that they've been sitting in for a long time, saying to themselves, well, I'm going to start really aggressively dumping the shares before earnings knowing there's a, even if there's a 1% possibility that there is a potential for a stock split to get out of my shares. And that's kind of what's setting the floor on Amazon going into tomorrow's session. And if you look at what the stock did, and again, we'll talk about the pivots in a second. But when you see what the stock did, it really is setting up for a big, big round two for tomorrow's session.  So this is a very, very clear channel. And there's a possibility that they could run the stock to $3,500 before the earnings just on the whole FOMO kind of catalyst that people don't want to part with their shares prior to any announcement. The only problem with this whole Charlie Gasparino story is, I think if there is no split announced, well then everybody's kind of like, well, wait a minute, we just ran up the stock and there's absolutely some sort of disappointment. And even if they have a phenomenal quarter, I think there's going to be some sort of like almost like a punch-drunk defect if there is no split. I personally would love to see a split on Amazon. The idea of trading Amazon properly basically once a quarter, it sounds cool. But we would love to see a split, five to one, three to one. Just give us something, give us more liquidity. The majority of the day, this thing trades $2 to $4 of spreads. It's very, very tough, obviously, to do any size in this thing just because of the spreads. So hopefully, for everybody's sake, they do announce a split. And while we're asking, maybe Google, Shopify, Chipolty, booking.com, ISRG, maybe they could split as well. Because again, a lot of these names just really, really tough to trade because of their lack of liquidity because of their widespread. But that was kind of cool as well. Semis woke up again. Amad, very, very strong name. Really liking the video going into tomorrow's session. You can see this whole range here that's developing as well. So I do believe the market continues in tomorrow's session. Again, unless we hear something really, really crazy and just outlandish and out of left field, we should continue to kind of move here. CRM that broke out on Friday above that 34 levels. And again, just kind of grinding away. NET that broke out on Friday had a really nice follow through as well. So you see the names that are coming out of their channels, they are following through. They might be maybe resting, right? In the morning sessions, whatever the case may be. But you are getting a pretty good general follow through. And then when they start confirming macro, that's when you're going to get the really, really big news. As far as Tesla goes, look, I think tomorrow, you know, look, it's weak right now.  You know, just from what I see here and I've seen some crazy moves on Tesla to the upside, to the downside and prior earnings reports, I think this better plays other areas. If the seller is just based on what I'm seeing now, and again, it's only down 15 bucks after the close. But for what I'm seeing now, I mean, look, is it crazy to think that Tesla is going to completely engulf the sellers and take it back red to green tomorrow? Of course not. You know, I think just by the reaction, it looks like the sellers are very comfortable at that level. But look, would it shock me to see the 690 Tesla as well? Nothing shocks me. Again, let Tesla play out tomorrow. I do believe though, there are better value going into tomorrow's session, just with a lot of names. And if you are concentrating on Tesla in a very, very tight range, especially after earnings release, you're probably going to miss a pretty good potential premium session going into tomorrow. So the names that I do like, and you know, we'll kind of reverse engineer this, I do like Square. I like Square for tomorrow. That looks good if it confirms. Mavidia, if it confirms, this looks good. I like CrowdSource. There's a lot of names that look really, really good. I'm just to give you a couple of names. But if you do your research tonight, you'll really see this really good amount of value for tomorrow's sessions. That's pretty much it. You don't really need to dissect the overall nature of the market.  We're in a very, very bullish cycle. I think the market performed a phenomenal, phenomenal task, kind of engulfing the Joe Biden tax hike headline from last Thursday. And overall, the price action continues to be bullish. So let's talk about the pivots from today. And then we will kind of buy a dupe, right? I got another softball game today. I'm literally leaving the league in parents with the most kids' activities in a single day. Every single day is either softball, soccer, basketball, something. So after this, I'm going to my daughter's softball game. So CRM broke out a couple of days ago off that 230 level. I still like the 236 break. It kind of sat there pretty much for the last couple of hours. I still like this break here. NET, nice little follow through from Friday's breakout. 80 supply needs to reclaim. So it reclaimed, right? It reclaimed today in the 83, 83, 75, 84 level. Here's NET, right? NET reclaimed that 84 level and traded all the way to 85. I still think it's like a dollar in change before the next supply for one more continuation move. AFRM really exploded. We talked about AFRM on the weekend video. Again, names are coming off the bottom channel. 74, 75, 75 needs to build. Here was AFRM, right? So it took out this whole 75 level and traded right to the next supply zone of 79. Really, really big move on AFRM. Dash was impossible. It put up a $4 candle.  It was so thin. It took out the 53, 50, took out the 55, went to 57 and a half. If you got some, congratulations, I did not. It went so fast. It felt like it went up $4 on like 500 shares, but whatever. It is what it is. AI, I still like this macro chart. AI, 71 area needs to reclaim. And it was a nice move. AI was a nice move here. It took out the 71. And now it's really, really on deck to take out this macro channel. This could be a big, big spot here tomorrow, guys. If this AI confirms, there's a lot of room upside. Please check earnings though before you anticipate the trade. Apple is still in the same area here. This was a nice trade here. I caught this Tiger 2160, 50 day supply. Any close above is bullish. And it traded into the 2240s. Nice move on Tiger. Nothing wrong with it. Again, first close above the 50 day moving average. If you still like it, it really needs to start building above the 2250, 23 level. But there was some aggressive call buyers in the name. Let's see, Facebook 303 needs to build. And I only say cashflow only. I didn't think it was going to be a big move today. And it wasn't a small move, but it traded right to supply here to 306. You can see it took out the 303, this whole little range here, and traded right to the next supply zone of Facebook. Peloton never got down. Again, the most important part, guys, if you are trading the P060 theory, it has to be second entries. Again, for you guys, basically, a pivot is not an entry. A pivot is the previous channel that it needs to go through, put in a new high, let it retrace. And once it takes out that new high to the upside, that is called the second entry. That's exactly what you're looking to do. AMAT, nice move on AMAT 136 needs to build. Here was AMAT, right, took out the 36 and went to almost 39. And then things got, you know, nice push here. Take the push here at 2230s. That's where I was making sales. Take on the way up, take on the way up. AFRM, 76 on-deck, 139 on-deck. You can see there's some pretty aggressive stuff here. Mons, I still like. It traded to the 1430s, 1450s area. I still think this is the highest close in this whole formation. I still like it going into tomorrow. I think this is, if you guys, top trading hearts, you know, the tops trading cards, that is, that's the smack, right? And this is where things got really, really aggressive here. This is where the Charlie Gasparino rumor kick in. But guys, keep this in mind. People have been talking about this Amazon split for years, right, for years. I don't understand what the thing is when somebody says, traders circulating this. How would these people find, how would they even know, right? How would you even speculate?  And obviously traders are making bets. 33, 83, 33, 85, huge area it needs to build. Here was Amazon, really, really strong move. And they probably spike it again tomorrow. And again, this is a big macro level, but you can see, right? It took out this whole 33, 83, 85 level, traded as high as to 34, 28. And the reason why it's important, it's gotten rejected here three times all. And right now it's bidding up about 10 after the close. So we're still liking Amazon into tomorrow. So here's the 3,600 calls, 3,400 on deck. They're traded at 3,420s. And that is it. So look, I think the market is still very, very strong. I still believe the technology sector and individual names, you can definitely take advantage of. But the key is to wait for them to confirm and take their second entries. So a lot of times, remember guys, the previous channel is just the press, right? People are always, just because you're long, somebody could be short and using the previous channel high as you're out. So there's a lot of stocks being, there's a lot of stops being triggered. So you can't go into a stock on this first time because you don't know if there's real buying or shorts being run, excuse me, stops being run. So it's very, very imperative that you take the second entry on all the trades. So basically let it take out the pivot, buy a new high, let it retrace. And once it comes back through that new high, that is the second entry and knowing the cavalry is right behind you. Guys, have a great night everybody. God bless. And I'll see you guys all tomorrow.