If you enjoy this podcast, please like and subscribe either in your podcast player or on YouTube. You can attend and participate in our live webinars with Dr. Snipes by subscribing at allceus.com slash counselor toolbox. This episode has been brought to you in part by allceus.com providing 24 seven multimedia continuing education and pre-certification training to counselors, therapists and nurses since 2006.  This episode was pre-recorded as part of a live continuing education webinar. On-demand CEUs are still available for this presentation through allceus. Register at allceus.com slash counselor toolbox. I'd like to welcome everybody to today's presentation on acronyms for mental health recovery. I say mental health recovery because we use acronyms a lot already in substance abuse recovery but it really applies to both so you know don't let it throw you. We're going to review some quick tips and tools to help people better manage their emotions and each acronym really represents a tip or a tool that you could potentially do an entire group or an entire psychoeducational session you know in individual counseling sometimes I'll set aside 10 or 15 minutes to do a psycho ed session to help people have something they can walk out of your office with that day that they can use. We'll explore why each concept is necessary in recovery most of them are pretty darn obvious and identify ways to use each acronym to form the foundation for a group or homework to use with your clients. So the first one we're going to start out with is fear and there are a lot of different ways that you can use fear as an acronym I just chose these two. In substance abuse recovery and I use it in mental health recovery to false expectations appearing real so when people are afraid and a lot of our clients have some fear base to what's going on they may fear that they're not going to get better they may have some anxiety with their depression they may have been so anxious so long that they just can't even get anxious anymore because they're out of gas so we want to look at what is causing that fear and fear is a natural emotion and I tell people at the outset just because you feel fear doesn't mean it's necessarily false what gets us is the fact that a lot of times you know when we look at how many things we got anxious about or stressed out about you know maybe 10% of those were things that we really needed to attend to so when people feel anxious when they start getting stressed out I want them to look at what's going on what do they expect and is this expectation grounded in reality or is it a false expectation they're expecting the other shoe to drop or they're expecting the worst outcome so false expectations appearing real can make people really anxious if they're using cognitive distortions or inaccurate reasoning so I encourage them when they feel fearful to face everything and recover look at what's going on when you feel fear and again fear is a natural emotion it's your body's way of saying something might right there's a threat here and I don't know if it's a real threat or it's just something that I've overgeneralized but I'm feeling threatened okay that's all right let's accept that and figure out what now so we look at and you remember the challenging questions worksheet I always go back to that but the two big ones that we're looking at with fear that can help people break it down because they're not going to get out of worksheet every time they get stressed out we want to look at are you using emotional or factual reasoning you're afraid right now I got that so are you assuming that this situation is threatening because you're afraid or is the situation actually threatening you know some people are afraid of snakes so they go out hiking and they see a snake sunning itself in the in the path now in Tennessee I think there's like three poisonous snakes there's lots of different types of snakes but three are poisonous so if I'm out hiking and I see a snake in the path and I get stressed out then I have to stop and I go is this a threatening situation because the snake could kill me or is this a threatening situation because I see it's a snake and I'm freaking out right now so I assume that I'm in danger one of the easiest ways to deal with that is to say okay well let's learn what the three poisonous snakes look like that way you can differentiate but in the moment we have to ask ourselves is this emotional or factual reasoning and encourage people once they decide whether it's emotional or factual usually they'll say emotional then you say okay so let's look at the facts for and against you know we'll stay with the snake right now knowing intellectually that there are only three poisonous snakes in the state of Tennessee then I look at this little green snake that's probably three feet long sunning itself not even given me a second thought and so the facts are the snake is sunning itself it's not charging me it's not in some aggressive posture and I'm in its territory and the likelihood of it being poisonous are slim to none and the likelihood of it charging me if I don't poke at it are probably slim to none so looking for the facts is this a threatening situation should I be fearful now if I start poking at it and irritating it well then that might be a different story so then it's a choice at that point once you look at all the facts yeah some caution should be exercised but what can you do to get around it so you're not paralyzed by your fear so facing it looking at whether you're using emotional or factual reasoning and looking at the facts for and against the situation can really help people become more cognizant of what they're fearful of and I encourage people and we'll talk about it on Thursday more when we talk about acceptance but I encourage people to keep a running log of the things that stressed them out made them anxious made them angry and then go over it at the end of the day and cross out those things that they got stressed out for a second over and they let go that's awesome you know they radically accepted it and let it move on and then go back and look in this case at the fear situations and reevaluate them in terms of where you're using emotional or factual reasoning and what are the facts for and against it so fear does not have to mean false expectations if you're facing it if you're evaluating it if you're looking at it then you're countering the false hoods you're looking at it more objectively so fear and face everything and recover it's a it's a strength it's an empowerment sort of acronym that we can encourage our clients to take a look at what's going on and remind them that they have the ability to do this they have the power to examine fear and decide what is truly threatening and they should be if you will afraid of which means they need to take a evasive action halt is the next one hungry angry lonely and tired when we talk about vulnerabilities in dialectical behavior therapy and when we talk about relapse warning signs and addiction it doesn't really matter what we're talking about these things keep coming up why because they represent vulnerabilities when people are hungry now hungry doesn't always mean food hungry it can mean hungry for love it can mean hungry for something else but hungry in general when we talk about vulnerabilities we are talking about proper nutrition we want to make sure that the body has its building blocks to get what it needs if they're angry well if you're already angry if you get up and you are just a grumpy Gus from go that morning then you're probably going to be more vulnerable more likely to be set off by things that happened during the day because you're already there when people feel lonely a lot of times they don't feel like they've got the social support that they need they don't feel like they've got the buffers they need and we all crave to a certain extent some sort of connection so helping people figure out where they're getting their support from and encourage them to love themselves one of the differences that we talk about and when you're in group you can go through all of these things and talk about the nuances of what can you be hungry for but one of the things I spend a lot of time on with my clients is the difference between being alone and being lonely I can be alone and perfectly fine I can be lonely in a room full of 40 people so what does lonely really mean and many times one thing it means is the person doesn't accept themselves they don't like themselves very much so they're constantly wanting other people to be giving them attention and they're not getting enough attention they feel very lonely because they're not able to provide that for themselves so self-esteem work can work in here but encouraging them to start differentiating what it is that's causing them to feel icky and a lot of times clients will have kind of vague terms I don't feel well I feel depressed I feel icky I feel blah okay so let's be more specific about what is under underlying that and being tired if you're anxious a lot if you're angry a lot if you're stressed out a lot or if you're depressed you may not be getting good quality sleep or maybe you're just burning the candle at both ends being tired your body doesn't have a chance to rest and rebalance and think about it when you're really tired you're exhausted and people just keep it seems like dumping stuff on you it wears on you it's a lot harder to deal with it when you're just doing all you can to get through the day so hungry angry lonely and tired or things people need to be aware of and you know this isn't necessarily a negative acronym this is one people can use and I encourage a lot of clients to use whether they've got depression or or addiction to check themselves when they do their mindfulness scan are they hungry what are they hungry for and sometimes again that can mean food you know let's look at cravings making sure we're getting adequate nutrition but what else are they craving what else are they needing what are they hungry for in their heart and keep it keep a journal of hungry angry lonely and tired it doesn't have to be a narrative some people won't do that some people will do like bullet points and that's okay but let's just get an idea on of what's going on with you and if sometimes they won't feel any of these and that's cool too that's awesome matter of fact and then in counseling in in group and individual we can talk about how to address the hungriest how to address what's making them angry another way to use the acronym halt is honesty acceptance loving tolerance which is mindfulness basically getting honest with oneself being mindful about what you need and how you feel in the moment a lot of clients have spent so long trying to be everything to everybody else trying to be that chameleon trying to always be fine which is another one of my favorite acronyms that they've lied to themselves they don't even know how they feel anymore so the first step is to get honest with yourself what's going on are you exhausted are you depressed and start sorting through those nuances and helping them develop the emotional IQ to be able to identify what they're feeling and needing then move on to acceptance which is hard for a lot of our clients because once they get honest they feel guilty for being needy they feel guilty for having this want here or whatever so helping them accept the fact that oh my gosh you're human you have needs you can't be everything to everybody without getting something in return you're gonna have bad days you're not gonna be on your a game all the time wow let's accept that you're a fallible human being and that is a challenge for a lot of our clients to accept in a sense their own humanity they expect you know think of a a pole vaulting bar or whatever they expect most people are down here because when they're kids sick when their co-worker is out for a week when something else happens they don't hold it against them but when that happens to your client your clients well I should be able to deal with that or I should be able to push on through so they hold themselves up to this standard up here that they don't hold anybody else to so getting honest with what they need accepting the fact that you know what they have they're on the same plane with other people and holding themselves up here is just creating misery being compassionate or loving with themselves and saying you know what I'm gonna cut myself some slack I don't have to be on my a game all the time and this is another place where a lot of our clients really struggle because they're not used to being kind to themselves they have that voice that critical voice in the back of their head that's telling them they should do better they aren't gonna good enough they're not gonna measure up they need to press on whatever it's telling them so instead of being compassionate with themselves and saying you know what today I'm not on my a game or I'm stressed out about something that's okay what can I do to make the best out of it they criticize themselves so we want to encourage people to be honest accept be compassionate and loving towards themselves just like they would to their child their sister their parents whoever and tolerance once you're loving and you've got that compassion there and you've decided what the loving compassionate thing to do would be then you've got to be tolerant of yourself you've got to be tolerant of the fact that you're not perfect so these kind of all fold in on each other but encouraging clients to be mindful of what they need can really help them start moving toward letting go of some of the anxiety and not getting stuck in what in what they call dirty discomfort if you will that's what they call it in acceptance and commitment therapy or you're struggling with that feeling you get angry that you're angry or you get stressed out that you're angry and you feel guilty that you're angry well that's just adding layers to the onion that's gonna suck energy dry if we can help people be mindful accept how they feel be compassionate and tolerate life as it is and you know that radical acceptance thing they're gonna be the better off now does this always work well of course not but if they can have this tool in their toolbox and they can remember what they need to do it can help them diffuse probably a significant majority of those situations fine this is another one of the acronyms I told you I kind of like freaked out insecure neurotic and empty how many times have you gone into a room met somebody and they're like hey how you doing today and you're like fine how are you you didn't even think about it you didn't you may not be fine how many times do our clients come in and we're like hey John how you doing today and they're like fine I'm thinking to myself well I hope that's true but probably not fine is a garbage term I don't even allow it from my clients when they say fine I'm like let's find a different word for that tell me you know are you feeling really good are you feeling bad are you numb give me something besides fine because fine is that knee jerk reaction you tell people because it's the polite thing to say are you freaked out about something you know it are you stressed a lot of times you know our clients are struggling with stuff so they may be are they feeling insecure in their relationships or in their self okay are they worrying do they find that they're worrying about a bunch of stuff you know they're worrying about politics and they're worrying about the weather and they're worrying about how to pay for Christmas gifts and yada yada yada and do they feel empty and empty strikes a chord a lot of times and and the term that acceptance and commitment therapy uses in response to the question is called dirty discomfort there's clean discomfort which is the initial feeling of anger or whatever and dirty discomfort is the feeling that you get when you struggle with that initial feeling and you try to fight it and try not to be angry and try not to be anxious and then you get frustrated because you're losing the battle and you get angry that you're angry another way to use the acronym fine is faithful involved nimble and experienced and I couldn't come up with anything else besides nimble I spent a lot of time in the thesaurus but we'll talk about those so faithful to oneself you know what are you doing to be true to yourself what are you being doing to be authentic in the situation what's going on right now when I ask you how are you doing be faithful to your wants needs and emotions and tell me you know I'm asking because I want to know so be faithful to me in communicating honestly involved all right this is how you feel so what are your options you're involved in you have the ability to choose how to improve the next moment right now this moment is anger all right we've identified your angry now we'll look at what you're angry about and see what you can do to address that anger that will get you closer to the things that are meaningful in your life so you're being faithful to yourself by acknowledging the feeling examining what's causing it now nimble means flexible in your ability to approach all these different problems because the same solution isn't going to work in every situation so being true to yourself being involved and recognizing that you have the ability to either change the situation or change your reaction to the situation and experienced means you try it and you recognize that sometimes you're going to fail it's you know you may try something to make it go away and it doesn't work and you say all right well that didn't work but you're learning think about a woodcutter or a carpenter who's you know learning how to use new tools you know he's being faithful to his trade he's identifying what he needs to do to accomplish this you know build whatever it is he's building he's involved he's looking at all the different ways he can make this happen you know if you're building a doghouse you can do it six different ways he's being nimble and saying all right I may not have you know this thing over here but I've got these other three tools and he's experienced and he knows which tools may or may not work so by practicing with the new coping skills and the new tools people actually start to become the word I hate fine they start to accept life on life's terms and be kind of more zen if you will and there it's not a high it's not a low it's just I am two other acronyms that are kind of opposite of one another ego and we use this obviously in substance abuse treatment more than mental health sometimes because we talk a lot more about the God of our understanding in substance abuse but bear with me on this ego can stand for edging God out and if you think of God if you will the God of our understanding for the clients who are atheists or who have you know a different higher power we look at it as good orderly direction which is those things that are meaningful in your life so in order to get to your destination are you acting you know ego means I'm acting impulsively for me in the moment so I'm acting out of distress to make it go away well what happens when people are doing things that are going to make them really happy in the present moment without considering the long term consequences a lot of times it uses up energy it may not hurt them but it may use up energy that they could have been using to move toward their goals so I want them to consider when you do things are you acting impulsively to eliminate distress or are you acting with purpose present focus you're focused on what it is right now that you need in the moment you know what's going on and and how do I feel what what are my needs what are my goals see we haven't acted yet I'm looking at I'm really angry I want the anger to stop my goals are to have a good relationship with my family and to have a successful career so punching my boss is probably a bad idea so we're reviewing the goals of our options choosing purposefully the best option in order to make this feeling kind of go away by improving the next moment and it gets us towards our goals so we're not wasting energy or going backwards well you do that then you observe the effects you know some most of the time hopefully it'll have the effect that you want you know you let it go maybe somebody's being a complete bully and you decide to not engage you're like you know what not worth my energy you observe the effects if they give up great awesome if they continue to be a bully then you may have to change course a little bit seek support you know we don't always have all of the right answers we don't always have all of the solutions we have some but if we try those or we try the ones that we think are going to work the best and they don't then we may need to ask somebody else you know this situation is going on at work my co-worker is being a real bully what would you do so seeking support and then evaluate from there what are your options do you have any new options what can you do in this situation that will help you continue moving towards your goals you know like I said if you're in an office and your office made as a bully and irritates you constantly screaming at them undermining them you know getting violent obviously that's gonna get you fired and if one of your goals is a successful career well that's not gonna work for you quitting your job that may not help you have a successful career so you want to look at are you doing things with a long-term focus that help you you know we want to stay sane and happy in the moment but sometimes it's a matter of delaying gratification if you will you know maybe you end up choosing to find another job but you're not gonna quit this one quite yet until you have a new job so we want to move from being ego driven or driven by self and distress intolerance having just to make pain stop immediately I don't care what I got to do which usually involves addictive behaviors acting out anger pushing people away none of those generally has good consequences or purpose driven activity when urges come along and urges happen when with people who have anxiety you know they want they just want to crawl out of their skin they want to scream if they have anger they may want to put their fist through a wall depression they may self-harm you know there's a lot of urges that come up urges are unpleasant a lot of times or at least the ones we're gonna worry about the pleasant urges if you have the urge to go run six miles go for it but if you have the urge to do something that is unhelpful or destructive we want to look at it we recognize that when we have urges they're often unpleasant they're often reactive or distress intolerant as Linahan would say something happens and we've talked about the bee acronym before or not acronym but metaphor a bee lands on your arm most of us are initial urges to wipe it away we don't want to bug on our arm and if we recognize it to be we make it fearful that it's going to sting us so we have this unpleasant feeling you know we're scared our reaction is to swat it away but it's likely not going to end up happy gravitate stands for gravitating towards our old behaviors when we're in a situation where we're having an urge a lot a lot of times it's in response to a strong feeling so having clients identify the urges that they have and what triggers them unpleasant reactive situations where they just want to make it stop what do they do to make it stop what do they gravitate to what are their go-tos when they're feeling unhappy or stressed or angry you know some people will go to bed for me I go out and I work in the yard so my kids know that based on the power of the power tool that I'm using in the yard whether or not it's okay to come ask me something so if I have the the chainsaw out they know mommy needs a few minutes if I just have the hedge trimmers not a problem at all but we all have these go-tos that we gravitate towards so I want to encourage clients to identify what new behaviors what healthier behaviors can you start using and remind yourself to use so eventually when you have an urge I'll grab you'll gravitate toward them and a lot of times urges result in extreme behaviors so it's not just you know back to the B on the arm it's not just you know gently blowing it or it's oh get off well that's generally not super helpful so we want to have them look at something that's more for behaviors that are more moderate so listing different urges different unhelpful reactions people have you know you can list them on the whiteboard and so people can see that they're not alone you know if they want to put their face into a pillow and scream until they're blue in the face there's probably at least one other person in the room that's had that same feeling at one point or another is it the healthiest reaction not always but they don't feel so isolated and then we can start looking at what other behaviors could you start gravitating towards what else can we make habitual now so when you have an urge a lot of times there's that you know feeling and you're gravitating towards old unhelpful behaviors well I want you to stop and think I want you to be thoughtful about what it is that's going on right now and what you want out of life and this because sometimes it's a matter of saying I don't want to do this anymore I want better for myself be honest about what's causing the distress because distress has prompted the urge use intelligent decision and when I say intelligent I really mean get into the wise mind we want to help people use distress tolerance skills to get out of that emotional mind where they're reacting to urges let that wave come in and go out use their wise mind to decide what's the best course of action and what is necessary in this particular situation in order to solve the particular problem or address whatever's causing the urge and to be kind to themselves recognizing that you know this is hard and they're not going to stop and think all the time but even if they have a situation and they act on their urge and they're like crap I did it again let's be thoughtful honest intelligent necessary and kind to ourselves and look back and go what can we learn from this situation urges come in a lot of different shapes and sizes one of the most common urges that I hear of in mental health groups if you will so we're not focusing on substances and addictive behaviors two of the most common urges or reactions to stress are wine and food you know so we look towards those things that are going to stimulate our serotonin receptors and stimulate our pleasure centers helping people understand that is important so then we can look at we can even put up on the board what things you know which days did you crave or did you have the urge to drink more wine and what was going on now some people drink wine just because they like it but if it's one of those behaviors that they gravitate towards when they're stressed my daddy always used to do that when he have a really bad day at work he'd come home and he'd have a beer or six and that would you know help him I guess deal with the stress it made the distress go away and that was one of those that was extreme and reactive that he gravitated towards it didn't solve anything so the next morning you know he still had to face whatever it was so I encourage clients to remember that a lot of times urges don't solve anything they temporarily numb the pain or distract you from the pain if you think in response to the urge then you can often figure out ways to deal with it to make the underlying cause go away think about if you have an itch you know sometimes an itch is just an itch and you scratch it and it goes away sometimes you've got you know heaven forbid you've got athletes foot or something well if your urges this just a scratch it well that makes the itch go away for the moment but then it's called start itching again you need to think about what's causing the itch you know the fungus you and how do I deal with it what do I need to do and you know with athletes foot you're gonna put you get some kind of cream or medicine to put on it but you're also probably going to have to disinfect your shoes or change your insoles there are things that you need to do so you need to make intelligent decisions about how to handle this particular urge I find with a lot of clients putting things in terms of you know physical health issues or something before we address the emotional stuff can bring it home a little bit more even if it is kind of gross raid and scan this helps people learn to become more mindful and you can use either one of these whichever seems to sit with your people better raid stands for recognize what's going on allow it and accept it and just say okay it is what it is investigate what's causing it what's going on and what are your response options and then decide how to improve the next moment a different one they can use is survey compassion awareness and needs so survey the situation what's going on and I don't want to look at just this little tiny sliver I want to look at the in the big picture what's going on you know it's harder to handle things look at your vulnerabilities look at what else contributed to it get an idea of the big picture of what's going on have compassion for yourself and anyone else involved in the situation increase your awareness of what might be causing it and then address the needs in order to resolve what's going on and this doesn't always necessarily mean there's a problem you know sometimes you can use the scan at at mealtimes you just survey yourself and identify what's going on have compassion you know don't judge how you feel just identify how you feel and become more aware of you know your own rhythms and your own triggers and start addressing those needs so it doesn't have to be used just in a unpleasant sort of situation now distress tolerance we're going to do accepts and improves we've gone through those a bunch but they are definitely worth adding because a lot of what we've been talking about are ways to help clients get into their wise mind get out of that emotional reactive mind activities having activities they can do that can distract themselves like I said for me going out and doing yard work can be very helpful other people may hate that they may prefer to cook or clean house whatever it is that does it for them have a list of three things because you know what works on Monday isn't necessarily going to work on Thursday contributing encourage them to volunteer get involved with other people doing something because a lot of times if you start doing that you're going to get involved in that project and out of your own headspace compare yourself to people who've gone through similar things and have come out the other side successfully use opposite emotions so if you are angry well if you're angry scared sad whatever do things that make you happy figure out how to stink and laugh and you know sometimes you can laugh at yourself sometimes you can laugh at a stupid movie or if it gets really desperate there are apps that have not not jokes on them and I don't know about you but sometimes when I'm at my most stressed out the things that would make a three-year-old laugh make me laugh too because they're just so inane whatever works for you push away those feelings you know push it away and go I'm not dealing with this right now I'm going to table it until tomorrow encourage them to use happy have happy thoughts and you know it's not easy to come up with happy thoughts when you're in the middle of a crisis so these are all things you want to have them do in group so have flip chart sheets around the room one for activities what activities can you do when you're feeling distressed that can help you feel better and have people put their own suggestions up there what works for Jill may not work for Jane but what it may so let's put all those up there and just start brainstorming what can you do to contribute you know that's that's a hard one for a lot of people and it's kind of hard one to do on the spur of the moment so it's important to think about what can you do whether it's picking up trash or you know I don't know but a lot of times that's volunteer work takes a little bit of planning comparisons how do you find people who've gone through similar things and the short answer is Google it chat rooms message boards of people who are dealing with similar things and support groups opposite emotions what can you do that makes you happy and this is a fun one to do and encourage people to kind of tap into that inner child and find some of the things that just make them laugh or help them feel content push away feelings you know that's one you don't usually need to brainstorm very much because people just need to you know imagine they're pushing it away have them create either a collage or a list of things that they can think about that make them happy you know memories from their past a movie that they saw something you know I've got kids and animals so there's always something that I can think about that's just hysterically funny I'm sorry it's it's they're funny so encourage people to keep that handy I have a video of my daughter doing breaking at one of her last martial arts testings and oh no she was sparring with her brother and he didn't mean to but she came up to try to kick him and he blocked her and she just flat out and I have never seen her just like fall like a pancake before and I shouldn't laugh but she was perfectly fine don't get me wrong but it was just so shocking to see that it's kind of like something you would see in a cartoon that it you know it's one of those things that I laughed I'm sorry and sensations what can you do to distract yourself take a warm bath take a cold bath for me I listened to really loud music that helps jar me out of my internal mind place and into somewhere else imagery imagine yourself successfully getting through whatever the situation is or just imagine something completely different your safe place and you can have people do collages for this as well but you want to encourage them to really talk it through and I'll have my clients if they're willing to share walk us through their place wherever they're going and use all of their senses or a successful resolution to their problem and we really encourage them to use what do you smell what do you hear what does it feel like and I think as they articulate it and share it with the group it helps them become more helps solidify it more in their mind try to find meaning in what's going on okay this really sucks right now what can I get out of this how am I getting stronger how is this going to benefit me it could be worse some people like that one some people don't prayer if you are with a group who is okay with prayer encourage them to either find or write their own prayers that can help them or maybe they just talk to their higher power whatever works for them but if they construct their own prayer then that can be very meaningful for them as well relaxation so important there are a lot of scripts online that people can use for progressive muscular relaxation but for some people it's just a matter of taking a yoga class or exercising doing something to get all that stressful energy out these are other things that you know relaxations one that you can brainstorm for a while how do you relax because most people have never really thought about it you know except for I watch I binge watch Netflix that may or may not be relaxing that may just be vegetating so how do you help yourself like physically and mentally relax focus on one thing at a time take a mental vacation and get encouragement and this is another one where do you get encouragement from I remember before I took my N.C.M.H.C.E. or whatever that awful exam is called I was studying for it and before I went to take my test that morning my daughter was seven six and she had put little sticky notes on around the house and in my books and I kept finding them throughout the morning as I was making the bed and reviewing before I went in to take the test and she she was giving me these notes of encouragement such a sweet little girl I don't know where she got that from because that's not something I would probably think of doing but it did teach me something and you know I learned from my six-year-old how important notes of encouragement are so encouraging people to even put their own notes of encouragement it doesn't have to come from somebody else encourage them to put little sticky notes around so they find them once in a while and remember how awesome they are sleep so important I use the acronym shades and we talk about in group how to create a sleep routine and why sleep is so important to managing anxiety and depression so that sleep routine those three things you do before bed each night that cue your body in that it's time to start winding down hydration you need to stay hydrated so you don't wake up in your thirsty but you also don't want to drink so much that you're getting up to pee three times a night so encouraging people to drink enough water and then stop drinking as much at least you know about three hours before bed I educate clients on the effects of alcohol and antihistamines on their sleep quality yes it may help them get to sleep or pass out sooner but it generally inhibits their deep sleep so their sleep quality is impaired and alcohol actually exacerbates sleep apnea so if they have a blood alcohol when they're going to sleep then they may actually stop breathing as well which will impair their sleep quality so alcohol and antihistamines unless the doctor prescribes some sort of antihistamine sleep aid and when I talk about antihistamines what they've looked at in the studies have been basically diphenhydramine or benadryl they're not they haven't done studies that have found the same effect of your non drowsy antihistamines but the and there was one other antihistamine they used to have a Nyquil that will knock you right on your butt I can't remember what it is but any of those drowsy antihistamines will likely impair your sleep quality although your you'll fall asleep sooner darkness your gland in the front of your brain gets its sensor readings from your eyes and even with your eyes closed you know if you're in a room with a light on or light off it's very sensitive to light so it's important that people sleep in as dark a place as they can so we'll talk about you know sleep masks can help some people but it's also important to have or reduce preferably eliminate blue light which is the light that comes from your mobile devices and your computers 30 to 60 minutes before bed so your body can start getting into sleep mode that blue light is really what triggers the awake sort of stuff ergonomics have a comfortable bed and a good pillow it sounds silly but it really is important so you're not waking up tossing turning refloughing your pillow I know I sound like a commercial for some sort of pillow but the same thing is true with your mattress if your mattress is hot and lumpy a lot of the old memory foam mattress toppers hold heat in they've got gel coatings now that disperse the heat more but if you're waking up because you're hot especially if you've got clients who are going through menopause or perimenopause and they're waking up because of hot flashes anyway you can do to make a comfortable night sleep the better so encourage them to look at making sure they're sleeping well and eliminate eliminate stimulants nicotine I believe stays in the body for an hour and a half to two hours and caffeine will stay in the body for 12 hours so what you drink at noon is still affecting your sleep at midnight so encouraging clients to just become more cognizant and you know there are lower caffeine options there are decaf options there are lower nicotine options if they're not willing to give up that cigarette right before bed but do encourage them to look at what they're doing and the shades acronym is one they can take home and they can complete this as a as a worksheet not necessarily that's one that's fun to do as a group but it is a good psycho ed presentation relax like I said a lot of our clients have never learned how to relax start with recreate when we relax when we recreate we laugh we let some of those you know happy hormones go we get the Gabba involved we get serotonin involved we get dopamine involved that helps our body relax and feel happy and calm so we want to encourage people to recreate what does that look like for people and a lot of my clients have spent so long adulting as they put it you know getting up going to work coming home going to sleep getting up and repeat that they've forgotten what they enjoy doing you know they don't really have any hobbies anymore they don't have time for hobbies they're you know either at work or toting kids from ball practice to some other lesson so I encourage them to think about what can you do to recreate and setting aside time and this is something we can brainstorm you can brainstorm as a group but it's also something that a lot of clients especially those with social anxiety or self-esteem issues have difficulty finding ways to recreate and feel comfortable in front of other people so we want to look at what may be some barriers to recreation for you and how can you start overcoming those in substance abuse treatment you know we would have people for 30 60 90 days and they'd have to go out and play volleyball and you know do activities together and they learned how to kind of laugh at themselves as well as have fun without the use of substances but this is true for any client making sure they know what they enjoy what are your hobbies exercise some people love it some people hate it but it's one you can throw out there and it can mean going out and playing with the dog doing yoga or going on a six mile run whatever it you know floats your boat laughing one of the best medicines out there it releases stress it reduces endorphins it is a great thing to do if you can you know start each group with some sort of a joke or something that will help people laugh or a funny video if you have AV equipment in your at your disposal but encourage people to laugh three times a day I know it sounds stupid but it really does help people kind of get out of their head for a second and relax and release some of those happy hormones encourage an attitude adjustment if you are a negative Nellie and your conspiracy minded and you're always looking for the worst in people and things you're not going to relax because all you're going to see is doom gloom and the sky falling so in order to relax you have to have an attitude adjustment and explore new hobbies interests and places this can be a fun one where you put up sort of a bucket list what types of things you guys want to learn how to do what do you think would be interesting and people who share hobby interests can get together and learn how to do them you know together they can figure out where their classes you know arts and crafts classes or kayaking classes or whatever there are things they can figure out how to do together and depending on your agency you may or may not have policies about people socializing outside of group but even if they can just work together in group to figure out how to learn this or explore this new hobby and interest and they'll often share ideas about things you know something Sam's done that Jane hasn't and it can be an interesting conversation and get people excited and when you've got a group of clients who are struggling with depression seeing them get excited and hopeful about something I'm like score so when are you going to do that and we need to encourage them to implement a plan for relaxation not just talk about it self esteem strength focus on them not your weaknesses we all have weaknesses focus on strengths what do you bring to the table encouragement encourage people to encourage themselves and you can do this by positive self talk leaving yourself notes keeping a journal whatever it is that works for people love encouraging clients to love themselves because it's really hard for other people to love you if you don't love yourself if you are projecting an unworthiness so a lot of clients don't know what they like about themselves let let alone what they love about themselves so I asked them about their best friend and their kids what do you like about them what do you love about them and we make lists of things that they like and love about the important people in their life and then I say okay now of that list which things describe you and generally they can find you know five or ten things off that list so we start building from there and friendship we need to like ourselves you know there's a difference between loving and liking we can give ourselves positive regard and all that kind of stuff but if you don't if you're not your own best cheerleader if you're not your own best friend then you're going to be looking for that from other people and often getting disappointed so encouraging people to be their own best friend and you know maybe you want to go out to dinner tonight and nobody else is around well go out to dinner anyway or go get an ice cream or whatever it is you want to do I use this as a take home from doing self esteem groups to encourage people to remember what we talk about and why self esteem is so fundamental to dealing with depression and anxiety because people need to be able to validate themselves and not rely on other people relationships favor you know got a favor to ask you well favor here you want to be fair in relationships it's a give and take it's not a take take nor is it a give give so relationships need to be fair so let's look at our relationships and you know is it a give and take and if not how can you make it happen that way be aware of each person's perspectives and needs in a relationship you know sometimes people are going to be going through a really bad time and they may be taking more well you know that's okay as long as again it's fair and eventually it balances out but you also have to be aware of what your needs are if this person is really struggling right now but you're really struggling to you know to drowning people aren't going to do well to help rescue each other so if you are also struggling you know you may be able to extend some encouragement but you may need to reach out somewhere else for support or you may need to look within validate what each person needs it's not right or wrong it just is I'm hearing you're needing this from me right now and I'm hearing myself I'm hearing myself say I need these things and I'm going to validate my own needs and recognize that I'm worthy of love I am worthy of support and encouragement and it's okay for me to set boundaries opportunity is when you look for the ability to compromise in relationships you know you're trying to be fair you're trying to do the give and take you can't always meet everybody's expectations you know there may be very very valid expectations but you may not be able to meet them so how can I best try to meet them how can I meet you halfway and then be respectful you know sometimes people are going to get angry sometimes things aren't going to work out the way you want but respecting that people have to be true to themselves and maintain their own boundaries so this obviously is one that we do in a group on relationships when we talk about um healthy boundary setting saying yes and the ability to say no and not feel guilty about it communication is loud listen listen without forming your response before the other person finishes speaking stay focused on that person's words and I find for a lot of people it takes a good couple of weeks to get the hang of this because we're so used to formulating our thoughts and opinions and everything while somebody's talking or jumping the gun and trying to solve a problem before we know the whole thing observe what's going on not just the words but observe the body language and what you can get from that understand by putting together the verbals and the nonverbals and what you know of that person come to understand what that person needs and describe it which is basically paraphrasing what they're saying and if you both do this then you're going to be on the same page and be communicating more effectively each of these acronyms can be used to increase awareness of stressors of things that cause anxiety trigger the use of new skills and reduce stress so a lot of times these acronyms are the take-homes that I give people um so they remember what we talked about in group to use them in group choose the acronym explore with the clients why that concept is important in recovery why is it important to deal with urges why is it important to um have effective communication or to develop self-esteem have clients identify how they operate operationalize or define each term so what does it mean to them to listen and observe and understand so make sure they get the concept or what does it look like in a relationship that's fair tell me about a relationship you know where it was a really awesome balanced relationship that nobody felt taken advantage of likewise tell me about a current relationship you might have not using names that seems imbalanced and tell me what might help it feel more balanced to you what could change or what would you like to see changed that might help it feel more fair and balanced so encourage clients to define some of these more abstract concepts for themselves so it's meaningful um and then you can also have them create an infographic for each and this doesn't have to be on the computer you can use poster boards and and magazines but what does you know going back relax what does recreate stand for for them and exercise and laugh and attitude adjustment and explore new hobbies have them create some sort of Pinterest ready infographic sort of thing you can take pictures of it so they have it on their mobile device um and that also helps them again solidify it in their mind what that particular concept means to them and how they can use it in their recovery are there any questions all righty everyone i will talk to you see you on thursday and have a wonderful middle of the week um yes on the quiz for those of you who haven't taken it um let's see how can i put this uh you are not limited to the use of acronyms just by what you can find online you can come up with your own acronyms and a matter as a matter of fact i encourage you to so if you have particular keywords or buzzwords in your therapy group um i would encourage you to put those letters up there on the board and have clients brainstorm how they could turn that into an acronym


as Captain Paul, the story of John Paul Jones on the Cavalcade of America presented by DuPont, maker of better things for better living through chemistry. Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. This is Clayton Collier. Today, as we all know, the nation celebrates the birthday of the United States Navy. 166 years ago, in the year 1775, the Continental Congress voted funds for two ships and took the first step towards establishing American naval power. Thus began the illustrious tradition of heroic deeds and heroic men, the United States Navy. Tonight, the Cavalcade of America, sponsored by DuPont, brings you a play about a man who was a symbol of this great tradition. Adapted for radio from Commander Edward Ellsberg's bestseller, we present Captain Paul, the story of John Paul Jones starring the distinguished actor Claude Reigns. Year 1775, in a great hallway of an old mansion in His Majesty's Colony of Virginia. Oh, John, my breath. Let me get my breath. One more kiss, Darth, here, and I'm ready to face a thousand fathers. There. Now let's go into his study and tell him. Take my hand. Isn't it a very small thing to ask for? Yes, the world. And you're mine, John. Now then, ready? Let's get it over with. Father. Yes? What is it, Darth, here? John and I would like to see you a minute. Certainly, of course. Come on in. Sit down. Now, what can I do for you, Jones? Father, John has something to say to you. Let him say it. I will, sir. I wish to marry your daughter. Well, that's a matter we'll have to discuss. Dorothy, do you remember that piece of property over in the southeast corner of the estate? Yes, father. That's where you will build your home. Excuse me, sir, but Dorothy and I have other plans. We're going up north, sir. I hope to get a ship and go to sea. I was under the impression you wanted to get married. That means settling down, unless I'm mistaken. My daughter is going to marry a gentleman, sir. What about that, window, Jones? You see a lot of pretty fine property, don't you? That's all going to be my daughter someday. Her husband will have to accept that responsibility. I have no interest in becoming a landowner, sir. My career is on the sea. Then you and I are wasting time here. I hope to prove you wrong, sir. But with the revolution coming, there's more important work for me to do than managing a farm. Maybe I haven't heard about it, sir, but there's going to be a new America soon. Right. Do you think that all Virginians are excited about what they're doing in Rhode Island or Massachusetts these days? I'm trying to tell you that America is going to be free, sir. That there's going to be a war. That we'll have an army. That we're starting a navy. And I'm going to help establish it. And that Dorothy and I are leaving here tomorrow. You're wrong. You, sir, are leaving now, right now. My daughter is not going to throw her life away on a hard-headed fool with a toy boat. Father! Good day, Mr. Jones. I'm very busy. Come along, Dorothy. Darling, I'm going now. But I'll come back to you someday. And he'll see it our way then. Will you wait for me, Dorothy? I'll wait, John. I'll wait. I am Captain White of His Majesty's Royal Navy. Captain Jones of the Continental Navy. I congratulate you on your victory, sir. My swords. Thank you, Captain. The American Navy is so young and impoverished it could probably use it. But you'd better keep it. Thank you, sir. I'd like to ask you a question or two, certainly. Where was your ship bound, sir? Boston. Your cargo? Our stores are sizeable, sir. Shoes, uniforms, food, powder and cannon. Captain Jones, I've never struck my flag before and I... I still can't understand how you outmaneuvered me to Winwood. Your ship, I see, is not exactly first class. They say beginner's luck always is, sir. Then I'm your first prize, Captain Jones? No, sir. You are number eight. There have been seven others. Captain Jones reporting to Commodore Hopkins. Captain Jones, I'm glad to see you back in Newport. Is the ship all right? Sir, I have the honor to report to you that in six weeks at sea, we captured eight enemy vessels. Now I'd like to wait just for my crew. Now? You know better than that. There isn't a pound for wages. Then suppose we set it this way. I'll take an advance on the cargos we captured. The crew is pledged to receive one third value on all captured cargo. As to that, two thirds goes for maintenance of the Navy. It may be months before Congress and the courts can dispose of a single shilling. Delay, delay. There's no delay in your asking me to fire a cannon. I suppose you wouldn't know about firing a cannon, Commodore. You will address me as if it's the Commodore of the Continental Fleet, Captain Jones. What fleet? Those six loops rotting in the harbor. I tell you, I want a better ship. If I'm going to carry out this sea raiding, as it should be done, you don't know how lucky you are. A lot more important men than yourself with better connections can't get a ship anywhere. Now, are you going to turn over that cargo to me? Or shall I be forced to relieve you of command?  The country is bleeding to death. And you know it. But so long as they don't bombard Philadelphia Harbor, it's business as usual and the devil with liberty. Let the heels of any tyrant that gets you gold out of it. And forget about the poor clods fighting to make men free. Get out of here, Jones, and don't come back. You won't get rid of me. My crew's outside. What if I tell them the Commodore of the Continental Fleet is grabbing two thirds of the cargo for the Navy and letting the men wait? No. Wait a minute, Jones. You, uh, want a better ship, you say? I do. Suppose I give you one we've just acquired from the French, the Amphitreat. I think this paper will make everything satisfactory. That's better. Good day, Commodore. Morning, Captain. The Navy has commissioned me to take over the Amphitreat.  Yes. Yes, I see. Speed is... Well, I have a laid eyes on, sir. I'll be off at once. Along with waiting, I'm... I'm to be head for Paris. Dr. Franklin must be given news of Burgoyne's surrender at Saratoga. Good. I'm sailing the ship to France next week. I'm sure you'll enjoy being a passenger. You better look at that paper again, Captain. You're turning your ship over to me. Oh, no. That isn't what that paper says. It just says you can take command. I don't see any paper which tells me to give up my ship to anyone. Well, can't you infer that if I'm to take command, you will have to give it up? Give my ship away on inference? You can't do that without another paper that says I can. Now, sir, you show me a paper that states that in plain language, and I'll turn my ship over to you. Paper. Paper. The country's dying, and you're talking about a paper.  Everybody afraid of the one above him, afraid for his skin, afraid for his pocket. Can Washington load his muskets with paper? Will paper break the blockade? By heaven? If it's not this ship, it'll be another paper or no paper. Is this a war? What are we all playing with, paper dolls? You are listening to the Cavalcade of America starring Claude Reigns and Captain Paul, brought to you by Dupont, maker of better things for better living through chemistry. As our play continues, we find John Paul Jones calling on Dr. Benjamin Franklin, the American envoy in Paris. And the news is, Dr. Franklin, General Burgoyne surrendered his entire army at Saratoga. Wonderful. Wonderful. Now the French will join us for sure. Good news indeed, my boy. Good news. And now tell me your plans. Dr. Franklin, I think you realize now we'll be able to finish the war quickly. And I'm sure you see the need for American naval power to do it. Fact is, if I had command of a squadron... Squadron would be very nice, Captain Jones. But no doubt you heard of politician. You might sort of. Who hasn't? If you were a politician, you might have inferred from my reaction to your request that...  What? Jones has an old saying. Bad news runs swiftly. Apparently it outran your ship this voyage. You see, your first lieutenant, Mr. Simpson, is something of a politician.  Command of ship of war? He can't tell the difference between starboard and a teacup. Do you think I'm going to lie down while he walks over my back? Well, why not roll over? Out of the way, then, Jones. Meanwhile, enjoy yourself in Paris. Well, be hanged if I stay here in Paris with a war to be fought. You will stay here, Jones. Because I think there's a chance I can get you another ship. At least for the present, I'm reasonably certain of it. But I've got to do something about the crew. Am I to keep paying for crews out of my own pocket? I can't go on forever like that. I think you will go on, Jones. Like the rest of us. You can't help yourself. Dr. Franklin, I have gone on. I've gone on here in Paris dreaming about that ship for the last seven months. Haven't you any words, sir? Jones, your dreams are over. You're in command of a squadron. At last. Now for some action. Still, Jones, it would do you well to remember there are ships and ships. What do you mean, sir? Well, let me put it this way. True, you have a squadron. It is equally true, nevertheless, that you will be joined by four French captains each commanding his own vessel. As to your own ship, Jones, well, if they refer to vessels as females, we might call her a dowager of the seas.  I guess that must be the one Columbus overlooked. He's told she floats. Oh, they say she floats. But I think if you're taking her anywhere, you'll have to look around for sail. If I'm going to do any fighting, I suppose I'll have to pluck a few cannon out of the air. What's a miracle or two? One smashing victory and you'll go home a hero. I want to go home, sir. Doesn't a hero always need a heroine?  Go back and marry her. You can tell her you named the ship for her. Don't you suppose I've had a name ready all these months? What are you going to call her, Jones? She'll fight with your name, sir. She'll be the poor Richard. Thank you, Jones. Then we'll say good luck and a great sail for the Bon Omri child. Call off the port bow, sir. Up we go, Mr. Stacey. Hi, sir. A big issue. You'll see better through your glass. There she rides around the circle of the land.  Why, see, right? Why, she's the flagship of the British Baltic fleet. Look, our squadrons running away. They're turning to the wind. Let the French go, they yellow dogs. That warship's too big for us. Nothing's too big for us today. Mr. Jackson, up with the gun ports. Up with the gun ports. Beat the quarters, Mr. Stacey. Beat the quarters. Be on the deck. Mr. Cannon. Shake an electric. Hold on the lights, sir. Clear for action, sir. Good. She's closing in on us, sir. Might be close. The closer, the better. Peter with a stone right now. Listen. You can even hear them giving orders. I shall be smack into us in a minute, sir. Are the men ready? Aye, sir. The boys. What ship are you? Listen, Mr. Stacey. Aye, sir. When she gets a little closer, we'll throw the grappling hooks into her on board. I say, what ship are you? Main ship. The gun ports are still closed. In another minute, we'll have him break at it. Aye, sir. So hurry there. We're in your bound. Come closer, I can't hear you. Monster directly right fire. We have him, Mr. Stacey. We'll smother his guns in the collision. He means it all right, look. Grappling hooks, sir. Not yet. Up with the gun ports. Aye, aye, sir. Flood in our back. Up with it. She's going to fire. We'll be blown to bits this close, sir. No, Mr. Stacey. Grappling hooks, sir. Aye, sir, they go. Don't fly, lad. Oh, no. This goes on purposes. I guess we couldn't smother them all any damage. That's pretty bad from here. Let's pull the water. We're sinking. The ship's on fire. Don't jump, sir. The shot is carrying away our flag. No, you're able to find it. Do you, sir? Never. I've just begun to fight. You must have been a wizard, taking an old Hulk like that and winning in spite of it. A great victory, my boy. That old Hulk, as you call it, Dr. Franklin, how could she fail when she bears your name? You see, Paris has turned out in your honor, and that's fine. You deserve everything. So don't delay. Go home and try them. My dear, say your friends will be delighted. Oh, by the way, here's a packet of letters for you from America. Oh, thank you, sir. Let me see that one from Virginia. Excuse myself, will you? No, no. What's the matter, John? Dear John. Miss Dorothy is no more. That is, a few months ago, he gave herself into the arms of Patrick Henry. Oh, I'm sorry, John. Patrick Henry. He's a great gentleman, isn't he, Dr. Franklin? A great gentleman of Virginia. John, let me give you some advice. The ambassador from the Imperial Russian court has been seen here. It seems your fame has reached the ears of the Empress Catherine. She wants you in St. Petersburg as Admiral of her Black Sea Fleet. There wasn't much point in it then, but now there's been money in there. How would that help? Money, and a way to forget. Now, I assure you, the Empress is not, how shall I say, dull. No, I'm not, how shall I say, a fool. At least, our ships are concerned. These are my private apartments, as you well know, Admiral John. Now, when will you American louts learn some manners? Softly, my lady, softly. Now, what have I done? Why do you suppose I brought you in here? I do not propose to be shouted at before my ministers like a common scullery mate. It was a mistake to bring up the subject of finances. I lost my head from it. Let's forget all about it, shall we? So, I forgive you. John Paul, hasn't Russia taught you anything? Many things, my lady. And after all, haven't I taught Russia something? Yes, we owe so much to each other, John Paul. It's just that I've been worried, late David. Perhaps I need a rest. There's nothing to worry about, nothing at all. Why do you worry, John Paul? Haven't I made you an admiral of the Russian fleet? And hasn't Russia repaid you well this month? Is that not so?  I want that and nothing else. So, now you listen to me, my little admiral. Catherine has never been accustomed to treating her favorites, like servants. They've all had my friendship, my protection.  Ah, admiral of my fleet, are you? Yes, you will continue as admiral.   But of inaction, I promise you. Now go. I leave tomorrow. That gives you time to get the money ready. You have no tomorrow in Russia, Mr. Jones. You leave St. Petersburg tonight. Go back to your America to work if you dare. That lovely free country you've done so much for. But not with my money. You will never have power again. Not as long as I am impressed of all the Russias. Now try to rest, Mr. Jones. You are tired. Did you find a doctor? I have tried all over Paris. But the doctors, they will not come while there is rioting in the street. Why should they come? See me die. But, Mr. Jones, have you no friend? No one to give you a... You mean, is there no one to better me? I have no friend. You'll be very good and kind to me. I leave you nothing, being in the streets. Paris is reason, they say. Long live the revolution. But people are dying. We all die, old woman. Does it matter how? Those people out there. Dying as I am. Dreaming the same dream I did long ago. The great ghost no man can shackle my life in one revolution. Darcy, you're happy?  Thank you, Claude Reigns. Ladies and gentlemen, in a moment, our star will return to the microphone with an interesting announcement. But first, I'd like to bring you a message that is important for all of us. All uniforms aren't cocky-colored.  A painter is a defender. A brush and a can of paint protect America. Protect it today more than ever because today we must keep our American industrial plants running at top efficiency. We don't want deterioration to slow a single plant. Paint is the protection against deterioration. Here again we come upon the word that is so often used these days. Conservation. With America all out for defense, every precaution must be taken against the rust and rut that represent the fifth column in industry, tearing down and destroying while industry builds. Here paint tackles the job of conservation. Nor does that job end with mere surface protection of factory buildings. Paint on storage tanks protects against rust and also reduces losses by evaporation. The painted pipes in a modern manufacturing plant, bright red and blue and green, can be traced easily and repaired quickly in the event of a break. Paint in a contrasting color on the moving part of a lathe or a drill press warns the man at the machine against dangerous spots, preventing an injury that might invalid him out of the production line. On that other great production front, the farms that feed America, there, too, paint is at work protecting, conserving. Whether as white enamel on the inside of a milk house or as paint on a tractor that must work and stand out in the rain and sun. And down the straight ribbons that link America's production and consumption, down the airways and highways and seaways, there again paint protects and conserves. It may be the paint on a freight car, it may be the painted stripe or stop sign at a highway intersection, it may be the ship and deck paint that resists salt spray and harbor gases and stretches out time between repaintings. The job in all cases is the same. Conservation. In your own home as well paint works for conservation. It protects wood and cuts your repair costs. A well-painted house costs less to heat, especially a house built of porous brick or stucco. And a room painted with light colors on the walls and ceiling can be lighted with fewer electric bulbs. No small matter in these times when every kilowatt of electric current should be saved. Linoliums, window screens, concrete floors and front steps wear longer when they're protected by paints designed for the job. And it's worth remembering that when you paint now, you can serve valuable steel and wood. Paint is an important product of chemistry and DuPont. DuPont paints are scientifically made, designed in modern laboratories by skilled chemists. With their enduring colors and resistant protective films, DuPont paint products contribute once again better things for better living through chemistry.  Mr. Reigns, we're glad to have you back again on Cavalcade. Well, Mr. Collier, I enjoyed the opportunity of being with you all again. And with the help of my old friends, the Cavalcade players, I hope that tonight's show dedicated to a great man and a great tradition has contributed something to the commemoration of Navy Day. We certainly trust you're right, Mr. Reigns, and we'd like to congratulate you for your part in recalling to us the heroism of one of those men who made our Navy great. Thank you, Mr. Collier. Now, I'd like to bring your radio audience that interesting announcement you spoke about. Before I left Hollywood to come here for the show, I saw a preview screening of the new Warner Brothers picture you're doing on Cavalcade next week. It's called One Foot in Heaven, one of the most delightful stories they've ever filmed in Hollywood. And in it, my good friend, Frederick March, turned in one of the greatest starting performances of his career. Thank you, Claude Reigns. Remember our next week's Cavalcade? One Foot in Heaven, starring Frederick March. Our play tonight was based on Captain Paul by Commander Edward Ellsberg, published by Dodd Mead and Company, to whom Cavalcade gratefully acknowledges its obligation for new material. The orchestra and the original musical score were under the direction of Don Buries. On the Cavalcade of America, your announcer is Clayton Collier, sending best wishes from Dupont. This is the red network of the national broadcasting company.


So let's do this standard heat affordability problem. Use the information in the table to calculate the standard heat of the reaction in kilojoules of ammonia reacting with oxygen to yield nitric oxide and gaseous water. So notice they have to give you the fact that it's gaseous. If not, then you won't know what state to put it. A step in the Oswald process for the commercial production of nitric acid. So the first thing you're going to have to do is write the reaction equation. So in this case, it's ammonia gas goes to nitric oxide gas plus H2O gas. And we're looking for, so what would be the next step? Balance it. So this one's not very easy to balance. Looks like it's 4, 5, 4, 6. Yeah? Yeah. You guys got that? Did you get it good though? Yeah, I don't know. Yeah, it's good. And then what do you want to do? Well, you've got to apply the Hess's law, a portion of the heat of formation, right? So what was that reaction, do you guys remember? Are the equation that we're going to be using eventually? Help me out whenever you guys want. Very good, guys. Oh yeah, OK, but you got it both. Yeah, all right. So remember, it's products minus reactants, OK? And remember this sign, summation sign, OK? So now we've got to go back and look at the table, OK? And look for these various compounds or whatever is up here, OK? Not to give them anything away. So gaseous ammonia, what's the heat of formation? You guys see it? Negative 46.1. And we're just going to say the heats of formation of all of these are in kilojoules. I'm sorry, kilojoules per mole. OK, so negative 46.1, what's the heat of formation for oxygen? Zero, right? Good job. Yeah, no, I'm proud of you. That's awesome, OK? So you guys remember, why is it zero? Because it's in its standard state. It's by itself in its standard state. NO, 91.3. This is a positive. And H2O gaseous here. Negative 2.1. Negative, I'm sorry, I can't see, 2.41.8. OK, so now I like to do these brackets and whatnot. So 4 times negative 46.1 kilojoules per mole plus 5 times 0 kilojoules per mole. I'm going to do the products minus the reactants. I was testing you guys. 4 times 91.3 kilojoules per mole plus 6 times negative 2.41.8 kilojoules per mole. 46.1 kilojoules per mole, 5 times 0 kilojoules per mole. OK, I got the same answer I did. I got negative 901.0 kilojoules. So that's the delta H of this reaction. And you can use the heat of formations to do this. Is everybody OK with this type of problem? Any questions about this one? Let's just box this and call it a tick.