Okay, DEF CON 24 wireless capture the flag. This is our 13th DEF CON that we've been running wireless starting back in DEF CON 11 when the wireless war drive started Guy named Pete Shipley. Yeah, we're wearing a Schmuckon shirt. I do hack charities. It's fun Sorry Bow to my firewall Those that get it get it those that don't it's funny So anyway, so they started a wireless war drive after Pete Shipley's talk on net stumbler about 10 11 12 13 years ago Chris Hurley guy goes by Romer started it as a actual contest in Las Vegas It covered all of Las Vegas. It was really really kick-ass those that were there Wow, if you ever see draghorn the guy that wrote kismet. Thank him for writing net stumbler Hashtag bad hashtag bad DEF CON advice. He will kill you So that being said, this is the next iteration of the wireless capture the flag. These are all brand new challenges So those who have played before Sorry, this is all different now those that don't have knowledge You're gonna learn a lot We want people to play that have never played before because we do this to teach people That's the main reason we're even here at DEF CON at all is to teach people We're at DEF CON we're at Schmuckon. We're at 13 or 14 B sides a year Derby Yeah, we do about 20 conferences a year doing this type of contest and teaching so that people can get a feel for what wireless looks like Anybody heard of IOT? You know what IOT is? It's wireless It's wireless. Welcome to wireless rebranded people forgot about wireless security for about 10 years It was really ugly. We never stopped because we enjoyed it. We had fun with it. Now all of a sudden Josh and General's in the room Wow He always has an antenna on a Jack Daniels bottle. It's always a lot of fun What's really fun is as he's losing during the capture the flag that Jack Daniels goes down the antenna goes up. It's weird So this is our iteration this year I have to do this one first sorry, but Feel free We are not lawyers consult a lawyer if you have any questions about anything in the RF spectrum There are people here that are no longer here after doing wireless shit already this year and by not here They're standing behind these poles. It's weird. They get really well-fed though. So that's good If you have any questions FCC.gov is a great site for anything RF If you're trying to broadcast go next door and get your ham radio license and then come back Do not frequency jam Broad spectrum jamming is illegal everywhere. It is nothing good about it And sadly you're typically jamming yourself unless you're really really good at what you do and it's still physics and you're jamming yourself So do yourself a favor. Don't eat us the air that gets picked up really fast by those black helicopters that you keep seeing leaving the airport They're not really black or red. I think and us we're monitoring for all this as well because we want to keep you guys out Of trouble.  God. I can't even name all the things that we're running. So that being said If it feels wrong, it probably is We authorize you to attack our networks and we'll give you what those networks are in a minute This is a secure network. So by playing and attaching to the network. You can send to whatever happens Play for fun, but play at your own risk The stuff that you guys can do to us We've probably already thought of and we can do it back, but we can do it really well and knock you down We've also got equipment that will knock down half this hotel. So that being said have fun But play good now under the fun those that don't know what a capture the flag is This is a wireless capture the flag unlike the big capture the flag downstairs. We're not asking you solve puzzles This isn't a whole lot of weird kind of crypto ish Deep level stuff and we're not asking you to hack the Gibson what we are giving you is real life real Normal things that you're gonna run into as you're working doing stuff learning about things But in a legal place to do it and it gives you the opportunity to be able to work with each other It'll give you the opportunity to work with each other to learn in a very good way So like if you get stuck on the particular thing at home or anything like that This is the place to be able to find someone go. Hey, how the hell do I do this because we all happen to be here So de-authenticating packets is not jamming first and foremost It is a necessary capability in doing wireless work Wi-Fi works specifically When there's a when there's a whole bunch of you doing it you get a lot better results than when one of you is Doing it so you're gonna get good results off the capture the flag just by sitting here and just sniffing the air for a while first hint This can be done with about forty dollars worth of equipment It can also be done with four thousand to ten thousand dollars worth of equipment But ultimately we make everything so that you can do it with forty dollars worth of equipment You might not be as fast. You might not be you know blazing speed, but you can still compete in about 90 percent Ish we've got a couple things that do require some equipment because hey, this is Defcon There clues everywhere we talk about them on a regular basis pay attention to us WCTF desk over there at WCTF underscore US is all throughout this this briefing That's our Twitter handle we're blasting stuff out on a regular basis schedules talks capture the flag information When the foxes are leaving when the hide-and-seeks are starting and some other stuff if you have a question ask We'll determine if we want to answer it Early in the conference we typically will help people that we know probably aren't going to be competing to win Try and social engineers feel free Later in the contest as certain people start having the same questions over and over again That's when we start actually helping because it's going to help the group as opposed to helping like an individual team that's playing To score you submit flags the flags are in transmissions. They're decoupling video They're demodulating signals. They're breaking crypto of the wireless itself. So WPA web ZB I yeah a whole lot of stuff And then once you capture the flag submit it right away Some of the challenges are timed so the points go down as you as you're working through it Scoreboard will be up as soon as we start and it'll be up throughout the duration of the contest You'll see how you're doing and what flags are taken, but I know What is CTF so resources sdr.ninja? Sorry Russ is one of the gods of this stuff. He does a lot of research He puts a lot of stuff up and he also stands on the shoulder of gods I took that from your talk To get giants gods, whatever Guys like Mike Ostman guys like balance saber Blah blah blah blah blah these guys have been building this stuff starting this stuff Working with groups like at us back in the corner. Hey guys To get you guys the best information we possibly can Wcf.us is where we have all of our resources for the capture the flag for the wireless village the schedule the scoreboard References all of our past in briefs where it's given gear advice What you should bring how you should do it how did to how to capture the flag? The sig id wiki which is the first time I've ever done that right in a talk is also a really good place to start if you See a signal in a software-defined radio and you don't know what it is Somebody's probably seen that signal before and has posted it and you can actually look at the signal You can look at the FFT and see what it's supposed to look like and you can compare it to what you found Gear so this talk right here I think we have a laser. Yeah, look at that Wcf docs besides DC 2015 in brief has our full gear Here's what you should have here's what you should bring how to CTF So I just capture the flag this year. We have officially over a hundred flags for challenges this year It's the most we've ever done We're doing that because we've had a lot of requests for a lot of things And we've tried to incorporate as much that we could legally we also have 25 Additional flags that are available for different acts of hackery if you guys do something really cool in the room And you can prove it to us or we see the results of it on someone else's System in the air we're gonna give you points just because you did something really really cool Or yes Or negative points if you do something super douchey if you do something super douchey We're gonna use a discretionary points to knock you down And the challenges range from 72 megahertz to 5.8 gigahertz So the challenges so these are the coins over the years we do coins every year the winner of the contest will actually get the 2017-2016 coin We do three for first place three for second three for third So if you play you get a coin there these are challenge coins the first copper challenge coin We've ever seen so we said hell what the hell let's make one And we have a Star Wars theme this year hence the Empire the modified imperial symbol and our village So budget your time challenges don't have to be solved in order if you find something in the air pick it up and take it Difficulty ranges literally from easy to insane easy is something that your computer will do for you If you just monitor the air your computer with the right tool will just take care of it for you easy points Up to insane where you need to find something that's inside of Russ's head that's broadcasting off of a raspberry pi Pay attention to details if you see something Investigate it we're sending strong the strongest signals in this area minus a couple cell towers and a couple other things that are real But if you find something that's really interesting You're gonna probably have a good chance to look into it, but don't dwell on the problem if you have a question ask us Ask questions learn have fun and then check Twitter regularly again Twitter handle at WCTF underscore us That's got everything that we tweet on a regular basis. Thanks to our blonde hair buddy over there mark Say hi mark All right 22 days since he CTF So mobile challenges we have challenges that have to be accomplished in the room or within the radius of the room or within's Sightline of the RF. We also have mobile challenges and this year We're doing a lot of them because people seem to enjoy them this conference if you haven't figured it out yet is two hotels 25,000 bodies of water walking around and we're hiding RF signals in and on those people so day one Fox and Hound Fox and Hounds one of the oldest running contests at Def Con We will give out the ESS ID and Mac address at 11 30 on Friday 10 30 on Saturday and 9 o'clock on Sunday via Twitter You need to find the Fox and what the Fox is is a person carrying a Beacon a radio or something on them that you need to track down and find when you find it You go up and say excuse me. Notice. I didn't touch him. Excuse me. Are you the Fox? Only on Saturdays If it is the Fox they have to say yes, they will tell you that they're the Fox But yeah, but yeah, so we we've got a lot of these so that's why we post these slides You go up to the Fox. You see the Fox. They're gonna say yes, they will hand you something you bring that thing back to us It's 750 points per Fox Just getting the Fox's could potentially win the conference for you If you've got people that are getting the Fox's and competing in the challenges You guys are gonna do really really well. So that's the first Fox hide-and-seek We take the exact same concept and we hide the device. This is really similar to things that law enforcement military CI FBI NSA EIEO does where they have to go find a device that somebody's planted inside of a location again two hotels Everything that the conference has access to is in play So we accept the yes the space that the conference is running in but not the casino floor. Thanks. Yes if It's in somebody's room you take a picture of the room if it's in a conference area Take a picture of the table the hide-and-seek. You don't have to bring us the device You just have to bring a picture that shows that you were where the device is We'll tell you if you're close enough typically you need to be within a couple meters for it to be accurate If you're a room or two off and nobody else finds it that day will typically give the closest person But typically you need to give us the actual room or both or sofa or Lamp or curtain. I mean we're pretty pretty tricky with these Bluetooth Foxen Hound Rick Mr. Kass mr. The plague mr. The plague The slides are so tiny. Where's my clicker?  We're going to tweet out some information about how you can track with the unique identifiers and then good fricking luck Same rules apply.  I did talk yesterday about a new tool called blue Hydra It's open-source and it's in the latest pencil release Pen-soup and pencil pencil pencil pencil might help So yeah, you probably want to use a nice tool, especially if you're going for the hard one because good luck Yeah, so Bluetooth low-energy I'm not gonna give away too much today, but there might be more hints tomorrow Depending on how terribly you all do so easy and then a medium and then a 750 point this is gonna be a lot of fun Bluetooth hide-and-seek same general idea somewhere it will be hidden It will be either in the con area or in the hotel area. Yeah, that's two hotels have fun Bluetooth low-energy goes how far? Ah, you know 30 feet Yeah, it'll be fun for all but 750 points and that's not gonna go down So that's definitely worth an awful lot in the capture the flag. So good luck Yes, wow that is wet Anyways, so I've got a software to find radio Fox for everyone to go out and try to look for the It is transmitting at where is it? I think I said it was 70 megahertz 72 megahertz. That's right. It's transmitting at 72 megahertz It beeps 10 times and then it plays the song. What does the Fox say? And it just goes back and forth back and forth same spaces as normal are in play The Fox is released every day at about 10 o'clock Depending on whether or not the Fox remembers to turn themselves on Yeah, but they but they should be Yeah, anyways, so with the SDR Fox instead of asking them. Are you the Fox you asked them? What does the Fox say and They are expecting that question to be asked of them and they will give you an answer and that answer is written on a Piece of paper and that piece of paper is the flag for that answer Please do me the extra favor of just like bring the kit back up because inside of that whole thing is their your ability to score so the The SDR Fox that's what it's doing. It's I think it's out in the moment Or rather will be turned on in a moment. The Fox has already been released. Yes So anyways, that's pretty much it as it relates to that pay attention to the Twitter account for any last minute updates Or issues along those lines So the other fun challenge is the duck hunt That I've brought back this year. So the duck hunt There's a transmitter on the table over there that Burps out a packet in AFS K every once in a while going quack And you have to find I think I got the frequency up there if not you have to find it Yeah, on this one you have to go find it. Technically. It's easy to find but once you see that quack and What you need to do is essentially run this type of command at the bottom on the very most simplest form if All you got is a raspberry pi to transmit with or anything along those lines, but you need to send a bang and If it decodes that bang correctly, it's going to burp back an MD5 Hash that hash is your duck. That's what you used to submit for points so every hour there's another duck flying and For every hour, it's 50 points per duck if you shoot too many times in other words If it can't decode bang correctly every time I think I have it set to Five right now, so if it can't decode if you're just banging it Raising yeah So the duck will fly away you will hear the Nintendo dog laugh at you And it'll just stop caring for whatever happens for the next five to ten minutes and at random on the Interval for that so you just have to wait for the bang again the antenna system on it is a little bit mismatched so Think of it as an actual duck hunt you have to use something very directional or get really really close like an actual shotgun and duck hunting So that is the duck hunt Explained it's just in this room as opposed to be roaming around the conference area Yeah, that didn't work out too well That was just roaming was too hard the And I think that's everything I want to say your regret to that I do have a write-up on sdr. Ninja about more details technical information on it if you need to practice or want to practice Or if you don't have specific gear and you want some hints as to how to set something up, so that's where all that is and Back to you Wow, that was awesome. There's a laser on this All right, so room challenges room challenges are things that actually happen in here They don't have to happen in here They can happen out in the hallway they can happen if you can hover outside the windows Please don't then you can get them from there as well There is a test flag WCTF zero zero is a Secure network we are tied into the DEF CON network, but we're tied into the wired side of the network when you're on that You are through our firewalls.  It's a 10-point flag that so that you can check your team make sure that the team has access to the scoreboard Scoreboard instructions are really really really simple. We're not doing anything crazy like we've done in the past Rusted a great average job coding at drunk And we've got a scoreboard that just you go into and log in and you set up mediocre It does a really good job. So you go in you say you log in you create a team You submit that flag right there and with that flag you get the points you get ten points I can tell you've seen some of the point values ten points isn't a lot It's truly a test to make sure that you have access everything works for you and that your team is registered In the past I can honestly tell you sir that anyone that's listening Goons have taken phones and thrown them on the floor and stepped on them. I promise I've seen it happen It's a privacy-ish thing if you want to take a picture of a crowd ask the whole crowd Hey, anybody not want their picture taken people put their heads down It's just a kind of courtesy of what used to be a hacker con, but it's now called Defcon anyway web WCTF zero one again. These are in the air as exactly that it's a web challenge if you get into this challenge It's a 50-point challenge. It's a fairly low point challenge that puts you into the skater network We have a full functioning wired-and-wireless skater network running here I'm sorry. I CS I will change that we apologize It is an ICS not a DCS or not a skater It is an ICS network if you don't know the difference in that punch me and then talk to him WCTF 2 is a little bit harder It's web like Alderaan our clues aren't always very specific and you've got to kind of figure them out If you sniff the air and have a clue of kind of what's going on in Wi-Fi You're gonna understand what this means just by looking at it, but web like Alderaan Web like Anakin's legs. So this is a little bit different WCTFO 3 again. We're kind of obscure Easy WPA WCTFO 4 this one should crack itself Literally should crack itself. We give you guys the word list the word list will be posted It's on our website. You pull that down you listen for 10 minutes. This will pop up as a handshake You should be able to get this one pretty quick This one's a little bit harder This is WPA at Starbucks If you've played our contest before you might have a clue what that means if you don't you'll look at it And you should see the packets and see what that means as well WPA leave your deoths at home. Yeah guys, we're starting to go completely real now These are legitimate real enterprise level challenges now WPA like Howie Mandel You know anything about Howie Mandel. He's kind of weird. There's some very very specific things. He's really weird about it's the clue here WCTFO 9 350 points for a WPA challenge So most we've ever done for a WPA challenge for really really good reasons if you do this professionally and you're doing a pen test You're gonna see a lot of this This is a really good chance to learn how to fix break and or see how they should be implemented SDR drinking game. This is one of our favorites my favorites. I don't know if everybody else's favorites, but it's my favorite If you baseline your system now and get to know the spectrum in the area the frequency ranges of the game will be in the usable range of the RTL SDR, so we're keeping this within normal ranges of the $18 Radio frequency software to find radio. We're going to have a reference Signal coming up at 900 megahertz if you've got a and it's not up yet Yeah, it will be up in a little bit It'll allow you to baseline and see what the signal is going to look like during the contest But we're doing this a little different this year. We're not giving you the ranges where the flags are We're going to tell you it's in the range of an RTL SDR And you got to go find it and you've got to find it and you raise your hand When you raise your hand you're gonna see this this is going to be broadcast in the air on a whole lot of frequencies Russ has perfected air painting So he's tagging the air on frequencies with our logo logo is going to change every day And we're going to change it every day because we want to have some fun and we want to do some neat stuff But that is an actual waterfall off of a hack RF on a Windows computer of the airspace Of a PC. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. He uses you bun to pardon me. Yeah So this is what you're gonna have to find you're gonna have to pick this out of the air the picture is gonna change for the RTL SDR or for the SDR drinking game a little bit because we think it's funny What happens with this I'm sorry so if you find the frequency and you're the one that finds a frequency you raise your hand You say I think I found it. We're gonna look at it and say yep. You found it.  It's fun for all SDR shootout Okie-dokie, so I Brought back my radio shock collars from last year and instead of just one is going to be a pair of them Anyone want a duel and you want to play a game with me? So what we're going to do is it's two players you stand up in the middle back to back You got the shock collar strapped on to your thigh your laptops or wherever not your neck It now I'm not going to allow that but the thigh is a good spot. It's nice and meaty and it's not going to be too terribly awful The the objective is is that your laptop is 10 paces away from you and the opponent is 10 paces away from the other side Before you play I'll be transmitting on the transmitter So you can capture the signals if you want to do simple replay or anything along those lines But I'm not going to tell you which signal it is it's going to beep.  Yes, sir That's why I'm saying put it on your leg And not around your neck So last year we had a fellow Tim come in and rock this challenge when it was different So this time we're we're making it a little bit more energetic Well, yeah Yeah, anyways, so moving right along on The SDR challenges the thing that I'm doing differently this year as well is that I'm not giving you the frequency Ranges to look for for the different types of challenges But what I am doing is that I'm doing RF painting as an offset to where the actual legit challenge is So you should be able to see this little humdinger scrolling by reusing slides To identify that you're at least close to where it is And I don't mean like you're gonna be 10 megahertz or 50 megahertz off It's within a megahertz or so just off the leading edge of it so you could actually still capture the legit signal and run with it from there and Also, I'm I'm not giving you the exact sort of detailed type of hints that I used to before I'm now grouping them based in categories and What I mean by that is that for the first for instance in this category your hint is video killed the radio star and There are five flags that are extrapolated across that thought process For the second one spies like us There's four flags that are running across something in that particular kind of theme or mode of thinking or Abstract concept See getting inside my head is a very dangerous place For the next group of Sdr flags if bees couldn't zag Yeah, I think that's the the most direct one so if you Can't figure out what that means for a radio sort of thing start drinking early For the next group it's hammer time So if you can kind of think about what that might end up meaning for types of radio transmissions That's what you're going to be looking for there's five flags in there And then also have a handful of other ones that are just random one-offs. So for instance, I got a Stack of power bricks that are daisy-chained. I will transmit a non-off signal for one of them You need to extrapolate what the values are for the remainder. Your objective is to turn them all on There's some serious points for doing that And Sorry that should have said Your turn to come up We we really want to thank this fine gentleman for donating time and energy with us So I'm a ICS skater guy. I'm not actually I'm here to actually learn all this wireless stuff. So Talk to me about ICS skater talk to these guys about the wireless stuff and how much the shock collar hurts That I don't have experience with So the type of system we have here is actually the type of system you'd find in a manufacturing plant. So this is going to be automotive or airline or like Semiconductor manufacturing. It's not going to be your typical skater system. So this is going to be running high-speed real-time protocols over it So The only thing that you will be seeing typically on when you get through that web is The is one of the devices you've got to find the other devices that are in the network So there's a switch in there. What's the switches IP? What's the PLC's IP? Again, these don't show up in the traffic that you're gonna see you're gonna have to find them in the network The switch as a password again, don't go in there and First thing I will say please don't Intentionally change things in there the all the stuff in there is very easily hackable So I would ask you not to screw with other people by changing the program and the PLC and Changing the passwords. I would request that you do that if you do I will shut it off Reprogram it and turn it back on but I would rather not take the time to do that So the find the switch PLC Or the quiz switch password find the IO blocks password. So there's a 24-volt IO Signals in there find the password in that There's a file hidden in the IO system find the Find the file and then bring the the flag is actually the The tag that's in there So Then then you get into the actual industrial protocol stuff So there's a bite pattern that you will find when you hit the buttons Hidden in or it's not hidden, but it's in the actual data field for the IO block You need to bring the data pattern the bite pattern for all All the button pushes To these guys Yeah So each each button push will be 50 points, so Okay, so the first one is what's the button? What's the what's the button pushes or what's the signal? What's the signal by itself and then what are each of the buttons? And then there the PLC will actually send a command to the IO block you have to find what the Data value is to start with and then each of the button push each of the light commands coming out of that There is You can dump the program from the PLC to a USB drive and there is a There's a data file in there that you'll need to bring the sha one hash to these guys And then the final is Okay, there is one The last random flag in there that they don't have a points assigned to it's a can you Without reprogramming the PLC can you make the lights do something different than there's than they're normally commanded to do Basically, can you run a man in the middle attack against the PLC? So and the IO block and that's these guys are gonna figure out that yeah And you have to prove that you did not reprogram the PLC. So you run your attack You show them then you turn your attack off and show them that it works properly again Huh, that sounds really specific like an attack that may or may not have ever happened in a ICS Maybe Do we have to spin it backwards? No All right, so skater I know isn't exactly a hundred percent ICS, so I am reading skater ICS isn't exactly Wireless the problem and the the benefit of this and the reason we really wanted this in this year There are so many networks that are ICS DCS and skater that have a wireless component connecting attaching a part of Nobody should be fucking with an ICS DCS or skater system that you happen to find over a wireless network Bad things can happen really really fast and you can get thrown in jail for a really long time But here have fun. That's what it's here for if you had Curiosity about what skater looks like you wanted to see what a network looks like first of all you got a crack web which I'm making you drink every time you screw okay Gabe Sorry Yes, that's a good point If you want to see what an ICS network actually looks like and you want to really mess with something fun Enjoy have fun play with it do what the hell you can with it There aren't many opportunities in this world to play with a true ICS network in line connected to The web challenge for this one We want you guys to crack the web first and cracking web is something that if you're doing anything with wireless You should have done 300 or 400 times in the past because it's the hardest Programmatically to crack it's the easiest to fall down, but it's the hardest to crack. It's five terminals It's multiple commands. It's making sure you're getting the right place at the right time And anyone that sits at that man's table that's sitting down right now They have a 20-point handicap was cryptos is my handicap the man bun over there girl with the bun. Yes Which bathroom do you use in North Carolina? Sorry too soon all right final surprise so 13 years ago We already talked about this we are doing a wireless ward drive this year to bring back what we did 13 years ago This is the kind of thing that literally anyone can do there is no necessary equipment for it other than a System that can capture BSS IDs in the air Yeah, he's got a tool that stumbler right use drag horns tool net stumbler We're totally joking you really should tell him that if you ever see him drag horn loves to be told how he wrote that stumbler Things not to do at Def Con, but no the for real the The wireless war drive war walk war anything get creative have fun Literally you need a laptop with a card that can receive and the ability to capture some files we are requesting telling saying and Reminding you that we are in district 9. Thanks Cal or circuit 9. Thank you, California No key no p-caps will be accepted and the reason no p-caps will be accepted is you guys can't do collection And even though you may or may not be able to do it on your own in Clark County, Nevada because of California Thanks Google you can't do that anymore. So we're taking a dot any X XML any TXML Which Aero Dump and kismet both output natively? in order to submit by 929 on Sunday you need to submit in a Dot xz tarball to wireless village and ctf at gmail.com Point oh six five points per unique Bss ID validated by us now that being said we're doing really low point values because we were calculating out five ten fifteen Thousand BSS IDs worth of points and that doesn't put you as a winner of the conference alone But it gets you pretty close so literally the wireless war drive is that important because finding BSS IDs and Understanding how this stuff works is how we all got started and if you guys are new to this It's a really fun thing to do if you've never done it Point one three points per unique BSS ID if you've got it tagged with a GPS So if you've got a GPS running you actually get double the points per BSS ID We've been sending out some tweets over the last couple weeks about bringing a GPS with you There's a good reason for it. It needs to be validated by us though We know most if not all of the tricks because we've done most or all the tricks in different war drives over the years Render man back there. Please raise your hand has probably written the book on tricks that you can do in a wireless war drive to try and win That being said we have seen a lot of these problems and we Was giving him credit We reserve the right to refuse any submission we deem to be fake or otherwise not genuine Because we want this to be a real contest. We want you guys to actually walk around. Yes, you can programmatically generate a 500,000 BSS ID list Do all you want whatever floats your boat I hope you don't use those GPS coordinates though because I've heard that they're being messed with well as long as it's between consenting adults I don't care All right, so that's the final stage this year again This slide deck will be up on our site this information will be available and we'll be tweeting it out on a pretty regular basis Dot XZ tar ball Wireless village and CTF at gmail.com by 929 on Sunday the 7th final word This capture the flag we build for you guys. We do it every year. We've been doing it for a really long time But we play to while you guys are playing.   There's incident responders that find things if you're really messing with the hardware We're going to play as well as you guys are Please don't get arrested. Please leave a casino alone. This is for your own good Those rooms in the basement do truly exist and they take people there render. You've been there a couple times, haven't you? If you have any questions tweet us go to the website ask us sdr.ninja as well Have fun. Yes Just to recap the legal slide that we showed at the beginning because it's that important Connecting to our network is consent You are allowed to hack each other. You are allowed to hack us We will hack you Seriously This is meant to be a real exercise Have fun because we will Runway or the other we're going to have fun. So please join have fun and play But maybe take the work laptop and leave it at home Or don't or don't for the consequences. This is death confer. Yeah Intensive purposes if you join the secure defcon network, don't expect what you do to be secure because it's not if you join the open defcon network I'd love you You'll be on like 17 different boards across defcon that track all that stuff if you're not using a VPN Stuff's gonna happen if you have a laptop that you're ready to burn or you're ready to play with or you're Professional at this and you're cool with using yours. Go for it. Have fun with this Do you guys have any questions gals have any questions? Crypto's do you have any questions? Good. Well, that's a first really anything anyone.  What do you do? How do you start and noob is not a bad term? That's what we're here for every one of us was was a Noob at some point. We started this because I can tell you back at the Alexis Park Did I back at the Alexis Park? I was sitting on the floor Writing trying to use kismet trying to figure out a way to turn the damn sound off if anybody remembers how that used to be and Learning this shit, but back then nobody wanted to help anybody because it was a truly volatile network Church of Wi-Fi was started by render man back there That started a whole lot of teaching a whole lot of talking a whole lot of what does this wireless stuff really do? How can we break it? How can we fix it? How's the world really work? You what yes, he has performed marriages as the Hope of the church of Wi-Fi So so that being said this isn't new stuff This has been around for a really long time and we love playing with it But nobody ever taught us anything it was reading the spec it was reading the IEEE what we do here if you're playing and you're playing Seriously, we're gonna let you play we're gonna answer some questions They're gonna be programmatic questions here and there if you're playing to learn we're gonna sit down with you and help you We're gonna tell you to go sit with somebody at another team if they want you to sit there and sit there and side Shoulder surf Josh and general is allowed five or six people to play with him over the years and they've learned a ton This is like your 12th your 12th CTF or so Okay, it's more than one he knows what he's doing with this stuff and it's fun for him Cryptos over there has been playing quite a bit and we've been laughing at him over the years But if you want to know anything about how pi watt works there he is that is pi watt what What? and some really cool drone stuff too, so and and and Zigbee stuff and Kind of to distill everything that he said we have slides and training material on those two websites So you can start there There's a resources tab on both sites that you can go through and it's like 50 or 60 Presentations that we've done over the years and on my side the sdr ninja one I actually have downloadable exercises that you can work through so you don't even have to have a transmitter or a receiver. It's just All in software Yeah, any other questions? If you're playing have fun if you're interested hang around We do a lot of kind of breakout workshops. The ICS stuff is here to play with Ask, please.  Enjoy. We're here all week We love the fact that we filled a room at 9 o'clock on the first day of DEF CON. Thank you and have fun


God has been faithful to us redemption With gratitude for singing faith He always filled with delight To a locked up heart It's the trumpet sound To the highest wall Thing is the key To a locked up heart It's the trumpet sound To the highest wall


The shocking benefits of spices. Take one teaspoon of this a day. If you're looking for great ways to get more polyphenols in your diet and you should be, then listen up. It's as simple as making your meals more flavorful by adding some extra seasoning and spices. That's right, just adding a teaspoon of the right spice. You can do a whole lot for your health. Let's take turmeric for example. Turmeric is big right now. Everybody wants turmeric, lattes, turmeric, smoothies, turmeric, everything. Why? Well the active ingredient in turmeric, that root that looks a lot like ginger except it's orange color, curcumin, can actually help in the management of oxidative and inflammatory conditions. In fact, strangely enough these compounds, these antioxidant compounds that we eat and we think about them as anti-inflammatory compounds, unfortunately most of these don't cross the blood-brain barrier. Turmeric is actually one of the few exceptions. We know that turmeric does cross the blood-brain barrier. Why is that important? Well if you like the concept that brain health, dementia, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's is directly related to neuro inflammation, inflammation of our neurons, then turmeric with its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier may be a winner and a winning spice. Now turmeric has also been shown to boost energy levels. It does that by actually boosting mitochondrial function and in fact can repair mitochondria by uncoupling mitochondria. Joint support has been shown to be useful by taking turmeric and several studies have shown that turmeric boosts mobility and flexibility. But here's the problem with turmeric. I've seen patients throw big pieces of turmeric in their smoothies, cook with turmeric, but turmeric is incredibly poorly absorbed. Curcumin almost doesn't get absorbed from your intestine, but there's a trick. If you add black pepper to turmeric, there's a component in black pepper called bioparen and bioparen escorts curcumin across the intestinal wall. So interestingly enough, there are some studies that I've reported in the longevity paradox of curry eaters. People who eat curry at least once a week have a 90% reduction in Alzheimer's compared to people who don't eat curry. Well, what's with that? Interestingly enough, curry powder contains both turmeric and black pepper. So the turmeric is absorbed with the help of the black pepper. The curcumin gets into your brain and reduces neuroinflammation.  Why? Because these spices are really the spice of life. And if nothing else, they're the spice of your brain's life. And I kind of like my brain. How about another one that most people really only think of about once a year, and that's at Easter. And that happens to be clothes. Clothes, interestingly enough, are the have the highest polyphenol content of any spice. Now, I've written and spoken about polyphenols throughout my career. Real briefly, polyphenols are produced by plants in both their leaves and their fruit and their seeds to protect the leaves, fruit and seeds from hostile environments, from sunlight, from predation. And these polyphenols, we now know, protect the plant by uncoupling their mitochondria, simplistically saying, tell the mitochondria, don't work so hard, don't damage yourselves, don't get affected by oxidative stress. And it's called mitochondrial uncoupling. When we eat the polyphenols that are very, very high in spices, two things happen. Number one, recent research shows that polyphenols are one of the preferred prebiotic fibers of our gut microbiome, our gut bacteria. That means the more polyphenols we eat, in this case, in spices, the more our gut buddies, the good guys, improve their diversity, improve their lives. The second thing we now know is that polyphenols, like I mentioned, curcumin are very poorly absorbed. But our gut microbiome can actually eat them and then turn those polyphenols into absorbable compounds. And when those polyphenols reach our mitochondria, they have the same effect on our mitochondria that they were used for by the plant to protect its mitochondria, and that is they uncouple our mitochondria. Now, uncoupling mitochondria, if nothing else, actually helps you lose weight. And it's no surprise that people with diets high in polyphenols are actually in general much thinner than people who have diets that are very low in polyphenols. And we'll talk about that a little bit further. Now, in terms of spices, cloves are the highest. Turns out that in the Middle Ages, during spice trade, cloves were the second most popular spice. And the highest price spice behind saffron, the number one spice was black pepper. And among other reasons, black pepper contains that compound bioparent that actually helps you absorb the polyphenols in spices. So it was a win-win proposition. Now, there's a lot of other interesting sources of polyphenols in your spice counter. Dried peppermint. Peppermint is part of the basil family. And the more peppermint containing basil containing spices you eat, every day, the better. One surprising one, which is very high in polyphenols, is star anise. And star anise is a great flavoring for just about anything you want to eat. Finally, cocoa powder, non-dutched process, non-alcoholic cocoa powder, is loaded with polyphenols. And I bet you've got some cocoa powder in the pantry right now. All of these polyphenols, the more we can get them into you, the more you'll protect your mitochondria, the more you'll uncouple your mitochondria, and the longer your health span. Another interesting spice that also has benefits is ginger. Now, ginger is renowned for helping with nausea.  But does it really help with nausea? Well, as many of you know, I look at food sensitivities for a great number of my patients with leaky gut and autoimmune disease. And surprisingly, ginger, even though it's known for helping with nausea, frequently shows up as a troublemaker for people having antibodies, IgG antibodies, to ginger. So don't necessarily be afraid of ginger. But if you're doing a lot of ginger tea, if you're adding a lot of ginger to your smoothies or to your cooking, and you still have issues with bloating, with gas, with irritable bowel, try taking ginger out of your diet for a while. And let's see what happened. Okay, one of my favorite spices, again, a huge spice in the middle age spice trade was cinnamon. Numerous human studies have confirmed that cinnamon can lower fasting blood sugar levels by anywhere from 10% to 30%. Why? Well, cinnamon again is loaded with polyphenols. In studies with people with type two diabetes, one gram of cinnamon or about a half a teaspoon of cinnamon per day has been shown to support healthy blood sugar levels. In fact, numerous studies show that adding cinnamon to your coffee in the morning will block the invariable rise of blood sugar following consuming a cup of coffee. Maybe that's why the Viennese are famous for putting cinnamon in your coffee. And maybe that's why at almost every coffee shop you go into, there is a cinnamon shaker. And don't be afraid of adding cinnamon to your coffee. Why not add a teaspoon of it to your coconut milk latte? Or if you're going to eat starches or carbohydrates, why not sprinkle them with cinnamon? So for instance, if you're going to have a sweet potato, sprinkle it with cinnamon. If you're going to have an in season crispy pear like a Danju pear, put cinnamon on it. One of the interesting things about cinnamon is that cinnamon tricks your brain into thinking your food is sweeter than it is. So you'll actually enjoy a lot of your less sweet foods and maybe not eat as much of them by putting cinnamon on your food. So next time you're going to have a sweet potato, do this trick. Sprinkle it with cinnamon. Better yet, get out clothes, grind your clothes, sprinkle it with clothes and cinnamon and see if you don't enjoy it more and see if you're not satisfied earlier with less food. I think it goes a long way. Just remember the spice trade of the Middle Ages was a drug trade. People paid exorbitant amount of money for spices and people risked their lives to get these spices because they were such potent health promoting drugs. And believe me, what we need right now is not more pharmaceutical drugs. We need health promoting spices. Last but not least chili. And no, I'm not talking about red pepper flakes. Remember red pepper flakes came about because the seeds and the peels were thrown away by traditional cultures before they ate the flesh of a chili or before they ground the flesh of the chili up into chili powder. It was the discharge from traditional cultures that led to chili flakes on your pizza. Just remember the peel and seeds have the lectins. So a lot of traditional cultures use chili in the cooking process. They take the whole chilies, cook with it, then throw the chili away. They get the benefit, the polyphenols, the capsicum from the chili, but not the discharge. The third way that people do, besides peeling and de-seeding their chilies and then drying them into chili powder, is they ferment their chilies. And traditionally, most chili flavorings, most chili sauces were prepared by fermentation. So for instance, Tabasco sauce is fermented chilies. Fermentation breaks down the lectins. So have your chilies, but eat them the right way. Either use them whole to flavor your food, but don't eat them. Either peel and de-seed them, then grind them up or buy ground up chili powder. I buy my chili powder, has chili from New Mexico, multiple sources, and use it that way. For the third way, use a hot sauce that has been traditionally fermented and you'll be very safe. Now, chili has great benefits. Studies show that the capsicum in chili is a tremendous curb of appetite and people in general who eat chilies and capsicum, or use chili powder, way less than people who don't eat chilies. Plus, chili actually has beneficial effects on joint health and, believe it or not, cardiovascular health. And I take a supplement every day with chili powder to help my vascular system. So, however you want to get chilies in, just get them in the right way and you'll see the benefits. Finally, ever notice that when you eat something spicy, like has chili in it, that you begin to sweat. That's because the chilies are uncoupling your mitochondria and you produce heat from that uncoupling. And that, as you know, if you read the last book, Unlocking the Keto Code, is one of the huge benefits of eating polyphenols and you're seeing it in dramatic fashion whenever you're having spicy food. I think you're gonna love this one. Believe it or not, up until about 30 years ago, whole wheat bread was not on the table.


Hi everyone, Joe for jazby's casebreaks.com. Happy Tuesday, coming at you with 2020 Tops Chrome Baseball, one box blaster break number three, randomity number three, with a chance to get some teams in Pick Your Team 6, Bowman Chrome Baseball, 12 box hobby Pick Your Team 6. This sells it out. The video itself for that Bowman Chrome break will be in a separate video, so check that out. So obviously, as always, we're gonna do this break first, the break itself first, then we'll re-randomize and then we'll match you up with the team. So there you go, that'll be a different dice roll at the end. But thanks to these folks, might get something here in the break, might end up with a team, could end up with a big hit. So here we go, all teams are in. Good luck. Eight times, six into two for the names and teams for the break, one, two. And eighth and final time, after eight, we got a couple of Ryans down to another couple Ryans. All right, six into two, eight times for the teams, two. And eighth and final time, we got Phillies down to the Kansas City Royals. All right, so I'm not gonna read off all this, but there's the first half of the list right here for this little filler break. All right, Eric J with my Dodgers. We got Nicholas with the Yankees. Richard with the White Sox. Remember, this is 2020 edition. All right, so let's get this all on one screen. Alphabetized by column B. And let's print and rip. I think the bonus are those sepia refractors in that different pack right there. All right, Tony, what's going on? Oh, what a great game for the Raiders last night. All right, there's the final printout right there. I didn't think the Dodgers would, or Dodgers, I didn't think the Raiders would be two and oh at this point in the season. I thought Carolina was gonna be a challenge opening the season all the way on the East Coast. Then going into, and then facing the Saints at home was always gonna be a challenge. No fans. Man, Raiders defense still an issue, but they're at least gonna be pretty fun to watch this year, I think. And with a little luck, who knows. All right, let's see what we got in here. Got a Sam Hilliard refractor, rookie refractor, aeronado, Noah Cindergaard, Eson Diaz, Corey Seeger who's been hitting the ball well. There's an Aquino and a Bichette and a freshman flash, Luis Robber. That's pretty cool. We got some fun things here in this great. Blue Jays, David Ross with the Bluebirds gets this 1985, mid-80s design with Boba Shedd. Yeah, 85, I think it says right there. The Aquino rookie card goes to Oliver and the Reds. And of course, Luis Robert, he has been a flash that is Richard and the White Sox. All right, there you go. And the Sepia here. Let's see what we got here. It's Mike Soroka, Miguel Cabrera, Ronald Acuna Jr. and Cool Whit Merrifield, there you go. Set those there. All right, so now let's re-randomize your names. We'll grab Johnny's name down to Matthew's name. We'll re-randomize your names. And the top 12 out of 30 after two snake eyes will be in that pick your team break, which is coming up. So, good luck everybody. Two easy times, one and two, boom. Now from 13 down to 30, appreciate you giving it a shot. I think there's another filler for the next Bowman Chrome Break if you wanna check that out on jaspyscasebreak.com. Congrats to the top 12 though. Jordan, Matthew, Jordan, Nicholas, Ryan H, Richard, Ryan H, David, Daniel, Ryan D, Andrew and Ryan H. Congrats to the top 12 right here. You are in that Bowman Chrome Break which is coming up in a separate video. There you go. Oh, Wyon, no, no, Ryan. There you go. And we'll put those little rooftops next to your name so you know you won that in that filler. So, Ryan with the Phillies, Andrew you got my Dodgers, Ryan D with the Marlins, Daniel with the D-backs, David with the Astros, Ryan H with the Tigers, Richard with the Rays, Ryan H with the Rockies, Nicholas with the Twins, Jordan with the Orioles, Matthew with the Pirates, and Jordan with the Nats. There you have it. I'm Joe for Jasper's Case Breaks.com. Thanks for participating. We'll see you next time for the next one. Bye-bye.


Welcome back to Think Tech. It's the 3 p.m. block on a given Monday for Code Green. I'm Jay Fiedel. I'm the guest host today. But our real host is a guest. He's a visiting guest. And that's Howard Wiig, the traditional host for Code Green. Welcome to your show, Howard. Thanks so much for inviting me, Jay. It was an honor. Let me put a title on this. This is an unradical approach to global warming. I mean, I wish I knew exactly what you meant by that. We're going to get into it. And the tagline is no unintended consequences, as opposed to the other kind, which are intended consequences. So let's break this show down into two parts. The first part, I want to talk about geoengineering, the planet. I guess that means engineering the planet. And the planet does seem to need engineering, because despite the views of many millions of people, we aren't doing a whole lot about global warming. It's getting warmer. This summer is a good example of that here and everywhere. And this is changing the world as we know it. It's changing. Of course, it's making animals extinct. It's burning off all the glaciers. You see news every day. There is going to be a horrendous price that humanity will have to pay for this. And regrettable that our governments and our leadership organizations and people don't seem to take it seriously. So we get deeper into it all the time. The next generation will have a terrible time over this. But we have to talk about the macro and the micro. Let's talk about the macro first. Let's talk about geoengineering the planet, which you say may not be as good an idea as it seems to be. Well, let's talk about that. But let me defend the state of Hawaii, first state in the nation, who say 100% clean electrical energy by the year 2045. That was radical, except that California was a copycat. They usually lead in everything. No, they copied a little old Hawaii. And then New Mexico came next. And a whole host of states and cities have followed in our footsteps. But we're taking it seriously. OK, but that's a small part of the country. That's a small part. That's a small part of the world. Now, you were talking about scientists, I guess, and engineers who would like to engineer the whole planet and sort of roll back global warming. How do you do that, Howard? One thing we could do is scrap all the fossil fuel burning power plants in the world and replace them with nuclear power plants. Nothing controversial about that. But the proponents are right. Nuclear power plants emit zero CO2. And they're much, much safer than they used to be. And after Fukushima, we know, don't put them right next to an ocean, especially one with a rift zone. Yes, yes. So that's one solution. But just a wee, wee, wee bit controversial. Yeah, I think so. And I think it's a practical matter of, you know, in fact, that's not going to happen in Hawaii. No, or right. We have a constitution. And people sometimes they make a mistake about the constitution. The constitution does not outlaw nuclear power in Hawaii. What it says is you have to have a vote, a special vote of the legislature. And I want to say it's either two-thirds or three-quarters. It's a hypervote of the legislature. And then you could theoretically do it. And I don't know what the circumstances would be to change people's minds. But most people who speak on the issue here treat nuclear as a violation of all the environmental considerations they like to protect. So I told you there'd be opposition and you just delivered it. But that is definitely one method of global cooling, a radical method. So let's look at another method where you take a volcano that's about to explode and you infuse it with hyperexplosives such that it explodes like Prakatoa exploded in 1816. We had a summer of winter in 1816 because the effusion of the volcanic matter was so it was worldwide and it was so thick that it blocked many of the sun's rays and we didn't really have summers.  That cooled the planet. So some people are saying, let's just find a volcano that's about to explode if they have found one and just explode the holy heck out of it. How do you explode them? Don't they explode naturally? They explode naturally. You can't go in there and explode the thing yourself, can you? Well, not yourself, but scientists with their armaments can. Or at least they think they can. They're proposing this. OK. It might be a little on the controversy. Put that on the far side of nuclear. OK, what else you got? So otherwise, you infuse the atmosphere. Actually, the troposphere goes up about 36,000 feet where airplanes fly. That's the last of the thick air. And right above the troposphere, you spray aerosols. Aerosols that block from the sun's suit. Didn't you want to get rid of aerosols a few years ago? We did. And now we want to bring them back, but not in our atmosphere, but in the upper atmosphere, because they, too, block some of the sunlight. It would cool the planet. I can see the t-shirts now. Bring back the aerosols. So I mean, really, I think the message of all these three possibilities you've raised is actually very helpful. Because none of them are practical. None of them will ever happen. I'm sorry to say. And what it does show us, though, is that if we were thinking about some grand geoengineering plan to save the planet, forget about it. That's what I get out of it. And instead, what we really have to think about is house by house, office building by office building, power plant by power plant all over the world. And we have to develop the political will all over the world to change the way we do power. And to change the way we use the resources. We have to start working on that right now. And I mean, we've been saying this for 20 years anyway. I've been saying it for 40 years. Okay, don't give away your age. I certainly agree. I totally agree. And it's like repeating it doesn't help. There needs to be political action. And we haven't had that yet. We're gonna take a short break so we can sort of integrate all this information. Can't I do one more? This is another possibility? Yeah, yeah. And we'll see if this is any more realistic. Okay. We throw hundreds, thousands of tons of fine iron particles into the ocean. Does that sound? So that would kill all the sea life in the ocean. No, it's above. It's in the areas that are full of what's called phytoplankton.  And the iron particles somehow stimulate their absorption so that they grow like mad and absorb all of this carbon dioxide. But that's just the beginning. With all this phytoplankton, then whales and many other sea creatures can start gobbling them up like mad. And we know that we have a deficiency of fish already. Fisher just depleting, depleting, depleting because of overfishing. Now we get this explosion of fish beginning with the explosion of phytoplankton. And the food chain, the sea food chain just goes up, up, up while the carbon dioxide gets absorbed, absorbed, absorbed. Now what could possibly go wrong with that? Everything. It actually sounds pretty cockamamie to me, but okay. It would take like 50 years of research to make anyone feel this would not destroy the oceans. This is a little bunch of iron in there. See what happened. There you go. All right, and this makes me wanna take my break. That's Howard where he's the customary host of Code Green which is about energy, which is about saving the planet and dealing with climate change. And we've been talking about geoengineering the planet without any real chance of success. I'm sorry. But the point is that it's not likely we'll be able to geoengineer the planet. So we have to work on it house by house, building by building, power plant by power plant. And right after this break, we'll come back and Howard's gonna tell us how to do that. There are ways. We have our ways. Thanks to our ThinkTech underwriters and grand tours, the Atherton Family Foundation, Carol Mun Lee and the Friends of ThinkTech, the Center for Microbial Oceanography Research and Education, Collateral Analytics, the Cook Foundation, Dwayne Kurisu, the Hawaii Community Foundation, the Hawaii Council of Associations of Abarbon Owners, Hawaii Energy, the Hawaii Energy Policy Forum, Hawaiian Electric Company, Integrated Security Technologies, Galen Ho of BAE Systems, Kamehameha Schools, M.W. Group, the Shidler Family Foundation, the Sydney Stern Memorial Trust, Volo Foundation, Eureko J. Sugimura. Thanks so much to you all. Right. So the mission is to save the planet, nothing less. And the problem is political will. We do have at least potentially the technology to do that on a small, house by house, building by building, power plant by power plant basis. And so for the rest of the show, we're gonna see how it really feels about this. We are going to make him a tyrannical leader because the only leader who can get this kind of thing done, who can force people to adopt the notions that are necessary to save the planet and cool the planet, okay, would have to be a tyrannical leader, I'm sorry to say.  What would you do? I would first go to, I would understand the urban heat island defect. And we just happened to have a slide that illustrates the urban heat island defect. Okay, so on the left axis is temperature, the ambient temperature. And as we see on the left, rural temperature, lots of trees, 85, then suburban, get higher, higher, higher, commercial, then we get downtown, now we're up to 92, then we get back to residential park and rural farmland and so forth. Now, we're gonna take this, that's the big notion. Now, I happen to be an energy codes guy, so what do we do first and foremost to address that big downtown area? You flatten the code, you flatten the buildings, you flatten that chart, right?  Yeah, and who needs a building? I mean, are we sitting under a tree right now? I don't know, maybe not. No, okay, maybe that wouldn't work, but what is your point here with this chart? So first and foremost, who cool, especially that high point, we change energy codes such that the roofs of the buildings and incidentally, it mentioned the suburbs, also the suburbs, also the low rise commercial buildings, especially in the warmer sections of this nation, we make them cool roof. And that, they don't have to be white, white is best, but there's all kinds of other colors, lighter tone colors that have extreme reflectivity. Reflect the heat back up, reflect the sun's rays back up. And then very high, what's called emittance, what heat does penetrate into the roof, emits back into the atmosphere. It doesn't go all the way through. Do this by code. Yeah, you do this by code, and guess what? It's already code. The Hawaii is just now adopting the International Energy Conservation Code 2015, and it's right there in the code. So what's holding us up? Oh, it's there. All new buildings in climate zones, one, two, three. I participated at the national level. This is something I've fought very hard. You got an award for that. Yeah, oh, I did, yeah, didn't I? Yes, yes. So it's already in for the warmer climate zones. In my opinion, we need to move it into the middle climate zones. There will be a hearing in October. I'll be arguing for that. But guess which state in the nation led the way in requiring reflective roofs? Hawaii. Hawaii. I knew that. Mm-hmm. Now we're going to move into something called cool walls. It turns out that especially for taller buildings, and this makes sense, you only have a little bit of roof space, you've got a heck of a lot of wall space, and the sun is not striking the walls all the time, but a lot of the time, so why don't we make walls also reflect the sun's heat back up? Show me a picture. Oh yeah, oh, how about the next line? That picture. Now that is really cool. This is an extreme, cool wall. I don't think every, oh, and it also has zero fenestration, zero windows on this, if this was the west side, and that's the hottest side of the building. Here's an extreme example of a cool wall. Now not everybody's going to go along with that. I learned that the hard way some years ago, but we make cool walls an option, and there is one state in the nation that has in its energy code cool walls as an option. Do you suppose that? That's Hawaii. That's Hawaii. You know what, just a thought is you go into hot climates, I'm thinking of Greece on the Mediterranean, or Italy, if you look at these cities and towns in hot areas, they have walls that look like that. Yeah, and that, really bright color white walls. Just happens to be our last slide, showing that there is nothing new under the sun, but we will get to that. Okay, let's go to the next one then. Well, no, no, no, no, I'm sorry, okay. Oh, I'm running out of time. Okay, let's go to the next slide. Yes, you are running out of time. You're the dictators. I'd like to get through it, yeah. Now, one way that I got the idea for cool walls was this car, because it is, when it's sitting in the sun's heat, it is 12 degrees cooler than a car with ordinary paint. This has secret sauce in the car paint. Why does it make it white? Because not everybody wants white. Especially, you know, people are picky. But this has titanium dioxide mixed into the paint, and that's the same stuff that you have your sunscreen with. And they mix titanium dioxide in, our human eyes can't perceive the color difference, but it does, the titanium dioxide allows the radiant sun heat to get into the coating and then reflects it right back out. There's no law anywhere that requires this kind of paint or light color paint. People do have the choice of a dark color paint, if they like, isn't that true? If they like it? So if I make you this benevolent tyrant person, would you do this? Would you command this to be the case? Not everybody would have to have lime-green cars, but they would have to have a little off subject, but they would have to have reflective cars.  No, just new cars, or when they're getting a new paint job. Okay, about buses? Buses, sure. Drunk? Drunk, sure. Railroad cars? Sure. Everything. Everything, yeah. Oh, I was gonna get to that. I'll divert a little bit.  What in the world is going on here? Answer, they have so much coral floating around there and they've harvested so much coral. They just crush the coral and mix it with emulsifiers, and boom, there's your highway. It's a white highway, just to take. Reflects the sun to the heat, yeah, right. That's beyond my scope, it's another idea. Okay, let's go on to your track. Yeah, you keep getting me diverted here, but let's see what the next slide holds for us. Okay, believe it or not, every one of these walls is a reflective wall which is almost exactly what you were talking about. How can that dark wall in the foreground there be reflective answer? I wouldn't have guessed that it could be. No, because you haven't heard me yet. I'm about to hear this, I think. There's secret sauce, titanium dioxide. Even with a darkish wall like that, you infuse it with titanium dioxide. We talk in terms of reflectivity percentages and absorptivity percentages. If that were ordinary paint, it would be maybe 17, 18% reflective and say 77% absorptive, but because of the secret sauce in there, titanium dioxide, that wall is 41% reflective. So you don't have to have, yeah. So a question or two on that, though. First of all, would you require people to repaint their homes with titanium paint? No, I would say when you, oh, there you go, you get to the manufacturers level, you make this a federal law in a half the climate zones in the nation. You can only sell paints infused with titanium dioxide. Get it right at the root. Yeah, yeah. Oh, you go to the hardware store. I want purple, okay, exterior. Okay, you got purple, and it's even deep purple, that's 33% reflective. It's just sewn by the excess purple rain. So, but the problem is, I had a titanium bike one years ago where a frame was made with titanium, which is an airframe type metal, and it's very expensive. Are you denying that this will be much more expensive than regular paint? Yep, because it has gotten to the point of the wonders of capitalism. You mass produce stuff, and the cost goes down. I can cite instance after instance when we force new technology into the energy codes, at first it was pretty expensive, mass production took over, boom, it's a parody price now. Okay, same with the reflective, yeah. What's the next one, let's go moving forward. Yeah, you're slowing me down here. Here's a prime example, this is the EA Elementary School, and the important numbers are on the right there. Upper, that is where we left the original paint, this is, it's called the infrared, so the colors aren't accurate, but where we left original paint 121 degrees, this is on a very sunny day, we did reflective paint on the bottom down to 72. That looks to me like a delta T of 50 degrees. Yeah, well, that's a lot. This is a Hawaii instance. This is the titanium paint again. Yeah, titanium, but it looks like a normal color, it's just infused with titanium dioxide. Why doesn't Hawaii do this right now? Because you haven't passed a strong enough energy code. We have to get you into office. I mean, as a benevolent tyrant. Dictator, yeah. Okay, what's next? I think we've got one or two more slides here. Here is a high-end resort or high-end home, needless to say, that's very, very reflective. And if we go to the next slide, here's a low-end home, I believe this is in Mexico. And as you can tell, this is probably a very inexpensive home, but the roof is just a corrugated roof, but it has high reflective coating on the roof surface, meaning that it's gonna be cool. And if that roof had a dart paint on it on a hot day, it would be easily 170 degrees on the roof. My guess is that temperature is maybe 105, 70 degrees delta T, and then of course the walls, likewise, are reflective. And this is low-income stuff here. You see this in the South, you see this in Florida, right? Yeah. And certainly you see it below the South of the border. But you don't see it with titanium dioxide in it, or there could be other interior reflective substance. Yeah, I wanted to ask you about that. Titanium is one thing, what other materials would suffice? Strange, you should ask. Scientists recently were researching sharks that go way, way down deep. They're kind of bottom feeders. And the only type of light that gets to them is a very small spectrum blue light. It's the shark, and the sharks emanate a green color, a lime green color, just like that Toyota we saw. What's going on? Turns out there's a molecular shift from blue to green to fluoresce. Make it like a fluorescent color. It turns out that we can do the same process with coatings, roof coatings, or wall coating. And that increases the solar reflectance of at least so far research at 20 degrees. What is the material then? It's a compound that changes the electrons in the molecules, such that instead of having a longer range color spectrum in the electron flip and puts it into a shorter range. So which one of these solutions would you order the paint manufacturers to adopt?  I would stick with right now titanium dioxide or any other economically equally performing infusion. Okay, next. This has reached the way, this is an article out of a local magazine, and here are two vendors, roof painters and wall painters saying, let's go reflective. So it has reached the way. Yeah, that's a picture of a project in Hawaii. Yeah, yeah. So those are the two people who make it happen. They're business owners. Are they using titanium in this paint? I would assume so, yeah. That's the best way to achieve here. The building on the right-hand side is a white color, and the building on the left is a... Yeah, this is in action. They started repainting, this is a townhouse complex that needed redoing anyway. So the owner said, as long as we're doing this, let's get it cool and reflective. Well, you think a government incentive would be helpful to encourage people to repaint their projects instead of wait for another time, or wait for a new project, because the titanium's gonna cost money and people are gonna be reluctant to pay the extra money, so they're gonna defer the new paint job, right? So yeah, the government has to step in and, what kind of, what would you do with tax credit? Tax credit would be most excellent. There's an institution called Hawaii Energy. I don't know if you're familiar with that. Sure I am. That's a small joke. You're very familiar with that. Just encourage Hawaii Energy to heavily incentivize. Some kind of incentive, yeah. Reflective, roof coatings, reflective wall coating. Very exciting. So what else you got? Given our lack of time, let's go maybe to the last slide. Yes, here's the last slide. Theme, there is nothing new under the sun. This is a Grecian village. Look at the architecture. Those buildings are at least 200, if not 300, if not 400 years old, and along the southern Mediterranean and in the mid-east, where it gets hotter and blazes in the summer. In traditional architecture, you will always see the exterior of the buildings plastered, not just a little coating, but just plastered, literally with plastered white. White to reflect the sun's heat. Notice no air conditioning. With all of this, no air conditioning necessary. Yeah. Which means you save energy on the other end. Well, the building code says that if you don't have air conditioning, you shall do a whole bunch of nice things, and you'll have ceiling fans. Especially since our temperatures are getting warmer and warmer, we have lots of night, or days, and nights, where you need some kind of mechanical cooling, and ceiling fans require as little as one twentieth as much energy as their conditioners, maybe even less than one twentieth. Well, let's assume that you were not only the benevolent tyrant of Hawaii and the country, but you were the benevolent tyrant of the world. And I can see that. I can visualize that so easily. It's your personality and your style. Yeah. But even with that, changing the way buildings reflect the sunlight may not be a solution that's timely and sufficiently ubiquitous to actually save the planet. So you're not saying that this is the only solution, are you? Not the only solution. I'm saying let's go all nuclear and let's find that active volcano and just blast the holy heck out of it. There's a short-term solution. All right. Wow, bathing the planet, Howard. Thank you very much, Howard Wigg. The true host of Code Green. My huge pleasure.


New York City police officers have arrested the man outside a building the United Nations headquarters compound. The building was earlier in lockdown when a man showed up holding a shotgun loaded with one buckshot round. This led to a two-hour standoff for the police but all the man wanted was for the UN to receive his documents. The call was made from within the UN.  The man also had a bag with him. The officers immediately secured a safe perimeter while additional resources responded to the scene. The emergency services unit made initial contact with the individual. One of our ESU he saw some Matthew LaBrizzi did a great job. He began the dialogue with the individual and continued the conversation throughout the entire incident. Based on statements he made we knew early on that this did not appear to be terror related. He had some papers he wanted delivered to the UN. The dialogue went back and forth about how he might be able to accommodate his request and bring the incident to a peaceful conclusion. Ultimately members of the emergency service unit took possession of the papers were able to deliver them to the UN. As a result the individual who put down his shotgun was taken into custody without incident at approximately 1.40 pm.