Diabetes is one of the chronic diseases that has seen a number of those affected rapidly rising over the years is what we are curious to learn about today as I walk down the hospital corridors am at peace knowing that at least I've tested negative for this disease. The doctor here walks us down the reality of diabetes. I'm Dr. Soko Bonfas. I'm a medical officer in charge of the Equity Affair and Aeroboest branch. Today, currently I'm practicing as a general practitioner, which means I'm not specialized into being a specialist, but then I've done a certificate from the Lobalinda University, which is a management of lifestyle diseases, why we are here today. Diabetes in the simplest format is uncontrolled blood sugar levels in your body, which can be caused by so many factors. So in a nutshell is when the body is not able to control your sugar levels. So that's what we call diabetes. First of all, generally when we talk about diabetes there are two types of diabetes, that is type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. We call them other forms of diabetes, but then the conversation normally narrows in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, which will come to focus on. So there is type 3, which we call gestational diabetes. We have what you call maturity onset or modi diabetes, but I'm not going into those details. So our attention is type 1 and type 2 diabetes, where type 1 diabetes is where you have little or you don't have insulin, and we'll have a conversation what maybe that means. Where type 2 diabetes is then a situation in which you have insulin, but it's not working for you. So we call it insulin resistance diabetes. So type 1 normally comes early on an age, while type 2 comes late in age when we advance in age for so many reasons, because you have no more insulin, you are born with insulin, but then your body becomes resistant. If you have believed that diabetes is an old people or a rich people disease, you are far from the truth. It has no favourites, anyone can be affected if care is not taken. Ya, so there is that misinoma that you have diabetes that is of the old people or the rich people, but that is not the reality. Actually as we speak, we have youth, when I talk about youth I mean 20 to 30, depends on how we look at it. We have seen those cases of young people who have developed diabetes, specifically the younger generation and I know as we are talking here today, most youth will be listening to us, we will say diabetes is a topic of the old people. We are saying 1 in 10 people globally are suffering from diabetes, they are the people, that is the statistics. But then the same statistic as the international federation of diabetes mentioned that we are seeing the youth generation rising to 2 in 10. So yes we are saying this is of the old people, but then the younger generation is catching up quite fast. So then the other conversation is in regards to Kenya, Kenya has been ranked actually the other time I saw 31st in Africa, then the same statistics ranked Kenya mentioning that the rate is increasing as we increase what you call metabolic syndrome, which we will not discuss today, which is related to obesity, weight and other concerns, which I have really increased this incidence of diabetes. So yes age has been the major factors traditionally, but we are seeing other factors like diet among other factors that also affect the youth coming into play, leading to diabetes becoming a pandemic across the age group. That's the reality whereby we are saying children can be born with diabetes and the majority of the cases up to actually more than 90% it's type 1 diabetes. So we call it type 1 diabetes because a child is born and they start using insulin. So basically it means you have your baby in their even first day of life, second day of life, third day of life, they start receiving medication to control their sugars so they get injections. There is currently no auto medications for insulin so they get injections for life and they can live a long life so that is the type 1 diabetes. And like the type 2 which comes in advanced age where your insulin that you had no more starts to get what you call resistance. And that's why I am here to focus how can the youth avoid that because we will be seeing shortly how you are born normally at 30 years you are okay. Then at 36 years when now you have started earning your salary then you develop diabetes. Why is that happening? Yet you are born without diabetes. We look at the major risk factors for diabetes. Of course the first one in the list is age and it's good even the youth should be able to know that we are also advancing in age. The other risk is genetics so genetic exposure can lead to either form of diabetes. The burden of the disease is not to be taken lightly. Think of the numbers around Africa and in Kenya are increasing especially among the youths. One in ten people worldwide especially the adult population are suffering from diabetes. And the latest research shows that 90% of those are suffering from type 2 diabetes. And type 2 diabetes means they were not born with direct diabetes but they accumulated diabetes in their teenage, in their youth, in their adult. So that is why we need to converse on this particular topic. So even in Kenya if you narrow down the statistics to Kenya is that 4.6% of Kenyans are suffering from diabetes. That means you have 100 people, 5 are suffering from diabetes. And Kenya is really being ranked on top when it comes to diabetic prevalence or the number of cases of diabetes in the world. What is very important is to prevent yourself from getting diabetes through adapting right lifestyle. A key step everyone should take is going to test for diabetes. The test takes less than 5 minutes and is painless. Early detection saves life when we talk about cancer. A similar story applies when we talk about diabetes and even any other lifestyle disease. Because when we talk about early detection basically it means we are able to pick it before complications. As I started by mentioning what triggers or what are the risks for diabetes we realize most of those risks are modifiable. That you can modify them in your family. As a youth when you are married you can modify with your family. As an adult wherever you stay you can modify those risks. So why we are conversing about this is that largely the risks for diabetes majority of them apart from age and genetics are modifiable. So in management we apply the same principle. So in management of diabetes we cannot take your diabetes as I mentioned but then we can reverse the risks. We can manage the risks to an extent that the levels of your sugars can go back to pre-diabetic range. So that means if you are diabetes you are taking your drugs if we can work on your risks then we can be able to modify all of them. Let me give you an example. So when I manage diabetes patient today the first thing is we do risk assessment. We look at what predispose to you to develop diabetes. If it's a family history, genetics then we say you cannot do much to that factor. If it's another factor is when we talk about age you cannot change your age Stephanie. But now we look at the other top risks apart from those two. And if it's alcohol intake maybe it's youth who was taking alcohol and they are now 40 and they have diabetes we start to modify that risk. If it's cigarette smoking we modify that risk. If it's lack of exercise we advise them to exercise routinely on a daily basis for 30 minutes daily or 250 minutes in a week. If the issue is stress then we request them or we advise them to manage their stress levels so that they can be able to prevent diabetes. They don't sleep because sleep is also a factor. So we advise them to sleep for more hours so that the body can undergo metabolism so that the sugars are controlled. If the issue is let's say a simple factor is water intake. Stephanie the people don't drink water in Nairobi and you cannot manage your sugars when you are dehydrating. So we advise them to take water routinely 8 glasses a day. And I will tell you as a doctor there are people who have put in those modalities of lifestyle modifications to an extent they stop taking diabetic drugs. If we detect it in early stages we can modify majority of the risks that they can live even drug free. But the most important thing is that early detection so that we can modify those risks before they get into a zone where you cannot modify any of those risks. But above being all that drug compliance is very important. That on a routine basis you have to go to a doctor, they evaluate the drugs you are using to see whether they are working so that if the drugs are under those we add more drugs. And by chance there are people who are taking drugs and their sugars have already been controlled by risk modifications. Then we can eliminate the drugs and advise them to observe strict compliance of the protocol that is on lifestyle protocol. The challenge with that number one is false hope. Most of these you realize Stephanie and control there is no science that you can be able to describe and say this particular supplement has been approved that it can bring back your sugar levels down. Because diabetes is a complex scientific disease. So most of these supplements that are being sold in the dark market is that you are given, you put all your hopes in that supplement and some of them are not bad. They are good nutritional supplements but the challenge is that too much emphasis that you can take this moringa and you will be okay, your diabetes will disappear, your cancer will disappear. That is the challenge with those supplements. So my advice is that when you get those prescriptions, go to the nearest health care worker, they give you the advice so that is how you can actually blend alternative treatment and the conventional treatment. With WHO predicting that the prevalence of diabetes in Kenya will rise to 4.5% by 2025 from the current 3.3%. With therefore odd to exercise caution, prevention is better than cure. Stephanie Ayata for Health Machinani.


During my tenure as a Secretary General of International ID, of course, there were lots of moments, lots of meetings, lots of initiatives where I really had a good feeling. But I think most productive, most positive were the direct contacts, the conversations, and the working together with colleagues. And then, of course, in the field, in Myanmar, in Tunisia, in Latin America so many times, meeting people that really devote their energy to support democracy, to make it possible in their village, in their municipality, in their country, to have a real say in the own future, in the future of their community. These were the most thrilling, really enriching moments at International ID. Thank you very much.


Live from Las Vegas, it's theCUBE. Covering Informatica World 2019. Brought to you by Informatica. Welcome back everyone to theCUBE's live coverage of Informatica World 2019. I'm your host, Rebecca Knight, along with my co-host, John Furrier. We have two guests for this segment. We have Charlie Emer, he is the Senior Director Data Management and Governance Strategy at Honeywell. Thanks for joining us. Thank you. And Randy Mickey, Senior Vice President, Global Professional Services at Informatica. Thanks for coming on theCUBE. Thank you. Charlie, I want to start with you. Honeywell is a household name, but tell us a little bit about the business now and about your role at Honeywell. Think about it this way. You know, when I joined Honeywell, even before I knew Honeywell, all I thought was thermocytes. And you know, that's what people think about Honeywell. But Honeywell is much bigger than that. Look, if you go back to the industrial revolution, back in, I think, 20s, we talked about new things. Honeywell was involved from the beginning, making things. But we think this year, and moving forward in this age, Honeywell is looking at it as the new industrial revolution. What is that? Because Honeywell makes things. We make aircraft engines, we make aircraft parts. We make everything.  We make things. So when we say the new industrial revolution is about the internet of things, who best to participate? Because we make those things. So what we are doing now is what we call IIoT, Industrial Internet of Things. Now that is what Honeywell is about. And that's the direction we are heading. Connecting those things that we make and making them more advancing, sort of making life easier for people, improving people's quality of life, by making those things that we make more usable for them, and durable.  I'd love to hear a little bit from both of you about the relationship and how it's evolved over the years. Look, we look at Informatica as supporting our fundamentals, our data fundamentals. For us to be successful in what we do, we need to have good quality data, well-governed, well-managed, and secure. Not only that, and also accessible. And we're utilizing, using Informatica almost end-to-end. We are using Informatica for our data movement, ETL platform. We're using Informatica for our data quality. We're using Informatica for master data management. And we have Informatica beginning now to explore and use Informatica big data management capabilities. And more to that, we also utilize Informatica professional services to help us realize those values from the platforms that we've deployed. IoT, industrial IoT has really been a hot trend. Industrial implies factories, building, big things, planes, wind farms, we've heard that before. But what's interesting is, these are pre-existing physical things, these plants and all these manufacturing. When you add digital connectivity to it and power, it's going to change what they were used to be doing to new things. So how do you see industrial IoT changing or creating a builder culture of new things? Because disconnect first, get a power and connectivity, 5G is coming around, Wi-Fi 6 is around the corner. This is going to light up all of these devices that might have had battery power or older databases. What's the modernization of these industrial environments going to look like in your view? You know, first of all, let me give you an example of the value that is coming with this connectivity. Think of it, if you are an aircraft engineer, back in the day, a plane landed in Las Vegas, you went and inspected it physically and checked in your manual, went to replace a part. But now, Aniwell is telling you, we are connecting directly to the mechanic who is going to inspect the vehicle, so the plane, and there will be sort of in their palms, they can see and say, wait a minute, this part I'm expected to, you know, one more flight and I should replace this part. Now we are advising you now, doing some predictive analytics and telling you when this part could even fail. We're telling you when to replace it. So we're saying, okay, if the plane is going to fly from here to California, prepare the mechanics in California when it lands with the part so they can replace it. That's already safety one-on-one. So guaranteeing safety, sort of improving the equity or the viability of the products that we produce. We're not moving away from continuing to build things because people still need those things built, safety products, you know, but we're just making them more. We've heard supply chains are real low-hanging fruit on this, managing the efficiency so there's no waste. Having someone ready with the plane is efficient. That's kind of low-hanging fruit. Any ideas on some of the creativity of new applications that's going to come from the data, because now as you start getting historical data from the connections, that's where I think it can get interesting here, you know, maybe new jobs, new types of planes, new passengers types. We are not only using the data to improve on the products and help us improve customer needs, you know, design new products, create new products, but we're also monetizing that data, allowing other, our partners to also get some insights from that data to develop their own products. So creating sort of an environment where there is a partnership between those who use our products and guess what, most of the people who use our products, our products actually input into their products. So we have, we're a lot more a business to business company than a B2C. So I see a lot of value in us being able to share that intelligence, that insight in our data at a more scientific, a level of scientific discovery for our partners. Randy, I want to bring you into the conversation a little bit here. So you lead in Dramatica's professional services. I'm interested to hear how what you, your work with Honeywell and how it translates to the other companies that you engage with. Honeywell is such a unique company, 130 years of innovation, inventor of so many important things that we use in our everyday lives. That's not your average company, but can you talk a little bit about the math, that their journey and how it translates to other clients? Sure, well you could tell listening to Charlie how strategic data is as well as our relationship and it's not just about evolution from their perspective, but also you mentioned the historicals and taking advantage of where you've been and where you need to go. So Charlie's made it very clear that we need to be more than just a partner with products, we need to be a partner with outcomes for their business. So hence professional services relationship with Honeywell and Charlie, the organization started off more straightforward. You mentioned ETL and we started off 2,000 I believe so 19 years ago. So it's been a journey already and a lot more to go, but over the years you can kind of tell using data in different ways within the organization delivering business outcomes. It's been at the forefront and we're viewed strategically not just with the products but professional services as well to make sure that we can continue to be there both in an advisory capacity but also in driving the right outcomes. And something that Charlie even said this morning was that we were kind of in the fabric. We have a couple of team members that are just like Honeywell team members. We're in the fabric of the organization and I think that's really critically important for us to really derive the outcomes that Charlie and the business need. And data is so critical to their businesses you have to be not only from a professional services but as a platform. Yes. This is kind of where the value comes from. I can't help but just conjure up images of space because when you think about like I watched my kids I watched space is now hot, people love space.  You've got Blue Origin out there with Amazon. And there Honeywell, that's it. Honeywell's in every man NASA mission. You have a renaissance of activity going on in a modern way. This is exciting. This is critical without data. You can't do it. Absolutely. I mean, it also sometimes we take a break. I'm sort of a fundamentalist. I tell everybody the excitement is great but let's take a break. Let's make sure we make sure the fundamentals are in place that we actually know what is it. What are those critical data that we need to be tracking and managing? Because you don't just have to manage the whole world of data. There's so much of it. And believe me, there's not all value in everything. You have to be critical, strategic about it. What are the critical data that we need to manage, govern, and actually, because it's very, it's expensive to manage the critical data. So we look at a value tree as well and say, okay, if we as Honeywell want to be able to be also an efficient business enabler, we have to be efficient inside. So there's looking out and there's also looking inside to make sure that we are in the right place. We are understanding our data, our people, understand data. Talking about our relationship with IPS in Formatica Professional Services, one of the things that we're looking at is that getting the right people, the engineers, the people to actually realize that, okay, we have the platform, we've heard of Clare, we heard of all those stuff. But where are the people to actually go and do the real stuff? Like actually programming, writing the code, connecting things, and making it work. It's not easy because the technology is going faster than the capabilities in terms of people, skills. So what the partnership we're building in Formatica Professional Services, and we're beginning to nurture, is such that we want to be in a position where anywhere doesn't have to worry so much about the chun in terms of getting people and retraining and retraining and retraining. We want to have a reliable partner who is also moving with the research and development and the progress around the products that we bought. So we can have that success. So the partnership with IPS is... The skill gaps we've been talking about, I know she's going to ask the next one, I'll just jump in because I know there's two threads here. One is there's a new generation coming into the workforce. Okay, and they're all data-full. They've been experiencing the digital lifestyle, the engineering programs, to date it's all changing. What are some of the new expertise that really stand out when evaluating candidates while both from the Informatica side also at Huntingville? What's the ideal candidate look like? Because there's no real four-year degree anymore. Well, Berkeley just had their first class of data analytics, that's new generation. But what are some of those skills? There's no degree out there. You can't really get a degree in data. Yet, do you want to talk a little bit about this? I can just kick off with what we're looking at and how we're evolving. First of all, the new graduates are extremely innovative and exciting to bring on. We've been in business for 26 years, so we have a lot of folks that have done some great work, our retention's through the roof. So it's fun to meld the folks that have been doing things for over 10, 15 years to see what the folks have new ideas about how to leverage data. The thing I can underscore is it's business and technology, and I think the new grads get that really, really well in terms of data. To them, data's not something that's stored somewhere in the cloud or in a box. It's something that's practically applied for business outcomes, and I think they get that right out of school, and I think they're getting that message loud and clear. A lot of hybrid programs. We do hire direct from college, but we also hire experience hires. And we look for people that have had degrees that are balanced. So the traditional just CS only degrees, still very relevant, but we're seeing a lot of people do hybrids, because they know they want to understand supply chain along with CS and data. And there are programs around just data and how organizations can really capitalize on that. And also we're hearing too that having domain expertise is actually just as important as having the coding skills because you got to know what an outcome looks like before you collect the data. You got to know what checkmate is if you're going to play chess, right? That's still expression, right? So I think people with the domain, both the hybrid experience or expertise are more valuable to the company. Because maybe from the product perspective, for building products, you could be just a scientist, a code, but when you come to Honeywell, for example, we want you to be able to understand what our, think about materials. Want to be able to understand what are the products, what are the materials that we use, what are the inputs that we have to put into these products.  That's not something that a code, because you know a code you can determine. You have to understand domain, the domain you're dealing with. You have to understand the context. So that comes the question of context management. Understanding the context and bringing it together.  The gap, indeed. Understand the business and the data too. Yes. Charles, Randy, thank you both so much for coming on theCUBE. It's been a great conversation. Thank you. I'm Rebecca Knight for John Furrier. You are watching theCUBE.


Hello, welcome to NPTEL NOC, an introductory course on point set topology part 2, module 4. So, in past three modules we have been preparing for proof of implicit and inverse function theorem. Last time we also saw the statement of the implicit function theorem. So, let me just recall the statement again. I have explained the statement last time. So, let me just recall this one now only. v and w are Banach spaces, y is any topological space, m cross n be an open subset of y cross v and a function capital F from m cross n to w which is continuous. Then it satisfies three more conditions. What are they?  For each y inside m, the function f y which stands v to capital F y v that is differentiable as a function from n to w. And this derivative for each y I have, so the derivative function from m cross n to v v w that is continuous. And the derivative at y naught v naught namely g y naught v naught is similarity between v and w. In particular v and w are similar Banach spaces, isometric Banach spaces. Then there exists rho positive and an open nibbled m prime of y naught inside m and a function g from the closed wall of radius rho around v naught. Oh sorry, from m prime to the closed wall such that f of y g y is 0. Moreover this function g from m prime to b rho b rho bar v naught is continuous. This is the first conclusion. The second conclusion, conclusion b here requires one more hypothesis namely assume y is also a Banach space and the function restricted to y naught v naught from this m to w namely f y v naught operating upon y is just capital F of y v naught. This is differentiable at y naught and its derivative is h. Then g will be differentiable at y naught and the derivative of g is given by minus t inverse h. So, let us start proving this one now. There are a number of steps to be taken so that we understand what is going on. So, the proof is broken up into smaller steps. The first step is I want to make a simplification in the statement as well as in the proof namely I would like to bring this t to be identity map. How can I do that? Namely by composing with t inverse from v w and as if we are working now all the time inside v ok. Compose with t inverse do not go to v at all w at all keep coming into v. That means you can assume that v and w are actually the same space instead of similarity. So, how do how this is what I want to do? So, how do I do that? So, as follows namely put f hat replace f by f hat which is t inverse of f. Remember f was from m cross v m cross n to w now it will be n cross n to v itself. So, that is all. Now, suppose we have proved this theorem to f hat in this special case then we can go back to the original by pre again composing by t. So, if we replace f by f hat then the derivative of this one will be now t t inverse into t which is the identity at the point y naught v naught ok. Because the derivative of a linear automorphism whatever it is itself when you by composition law by by chain rule derivative of this f t inverse composite f will be t inverse composite derivative of f. So, that will be identity. So, this is what we want to assume so that writing down the proof will become easier. I do not have to keep on writing t here that is all ok. So, that is the first step all right. Maybe we will do use this one only for a as soon as we have proved it for this special case we know that it is true for the general case also because all that I have to do is apply the same thing t composite that thing to get back to over f ok. In the step two now we have the modified hypothesis all 1, 2, 3 are all modified namely this now w is v itself. So, m cross v to v we have got a function instead of m cross v to w ok. So, I am writing m cross v to v now you take the function new function s defined by s of y v equal to v minus f of y v f is a function from m cross n to w ok. So, define s of y v equal to v minus f of y v ok. For every point the f is defined in the army where f was defined from m cross n. So, this function will be defined on now m cross n again ok. For every point 0 less than for every epsilon between 0 and 1 let us have this short notation instead of writing all the times minimum of epsilon and half ok c epsilon. We claim that there exist an open set m prime such that y naught is inside m prime contained inside m and the positive row such that s restricted to the restricts to a function from m prime cross the closed ball goes inside the closed ball and satisfies this inequality this is our first step. Part of this remember is existence of this m prime and row this was a part of a right. But the conclusion is slightly you know in between conclusion is a weaker conclusion we are not yet saying that there is a unique g and etcetera g has not yet appeared.  Remember this was nothing but a uniform contraction. So, so we are up to now apply contraction mapping which was done in the first module remember that right. So, first we have to claim this one. So, first let us get the proof of this part ok. So, that is the ok. So, how to prove this one? g of y naught v naught is identity now right earlier it was just a similarity t in the new hypothesis is identity. By continuity of g we first select a neighborhood m prime of y and a row positive such that g y v minus identity is less than c epsilon. So, this is where the continuity of the derivative in the second variable that is used ok. This g was the differentiation of capital F right with respect to the second variable v. So, by continuity of this some neighborhood of y naught and some neighborhood of v naught will go inside that. In the neighborhood of v naught I can choose to be a open ball of course, I can take it smaller than then I can take the closed ball so no problem. But for m prime for neighborhood of y naught y is some arbitrary space.   So, there is a choice of m prime at the second stage. First stage is some m prime that is replaced by smaller m prime. This m prime will depend upon the row. Row is chosen in the first instance then I am choosing m prime in a smaller than that. So, choice of m prime will depend upon the row to make it less than rho by 2. See here if I had kept originally t then I had to write a norm of t inverse here ok. So, I have I have this becomes easier because just rho by 2 I can test it all right. Next I come to take a fix take some point m prime and y in m prime ok m prime has been cut down neatly.  So, so now I am just writing this s y of v wherein thinking this as a function of v y is fixed s of y v.  I am just using this form this definition here it is derivative of this one is identity minus derivative of f all right. So, identity minus g of y v prime. Therefore, the norm of this which is less than equal to norm of identity minus g of this one that is less than equal to c epsilon see g minus identity less than c epsilon that is 14. That is the choice of m prime here you give the first choice second choice is smaller than the whole that is also l ok. So, I have this one less than equal to identity minus c epsilon it less than equal to half because c epsilon is minimum of epsilon and half for every y and v prime belonging to m prime cross the closed ball b rho v 1 ok. Once the derivative less than or to half we know that s y of v 2 minus s y of v 1 is less than equal to this constant lambda 1 by 2 times v 2 minus v 1 ok right. So, this is the mean value theorem that you have proved I mean mean may be inequality for every y v prime belonging to m prime cross b rho bar of you know what is this one this constant is less than 1. Therefore, this is a contraction mapping ok. In order to apply the contraction mapping principle we have yet to show that this s y take the closed ball inside the closed ball. Then the closed ball in a Banach space is a complete metric space on its own then we can apply contraction mapping ok. So, next step we have to do this one. So, here I have made a remark the choice of m prime depends upon rho ok. So, we can see that because the second step here we have already chosen rho and now we are using the continuity of this f v prime the second in the second slot. So, make it as the second the first plot smaller the second slot is fixed here as a function of y which has become smaller that is all ok. So, we have to prove that the closed ball goes inside the closed ball under s y ok. So, that we can think of s y as a contraction mapping inside this metric space which is a complete metric space. So, why this is true take any v such that norm of v minus v naught is less than or equal to rho that means a point of the ball. Then s y of v minus v naught I should say that this also has equal to rho. So, that will prove this statement. So, I am looking at the norm of this one.  This minus minus minus v naught.  So, f of y v naught look at this definition f is s y minus this one this is minus of minus that is will plus norm when you take they are the same f of y v naught is this ok we bring that this one this one on this side.  So, this norm we have seen is already less than equal to v minus v naught by 2 this norm is less than equal to rho rho by 2. So, that is the second choice here where is the second choice that we have made here f of y v naught norm is less than rho by 2 ok. So, rho by 2 rho by 2 is less than equal to minus some of this one is less than rho ok. It started with v minus v naught is less than equal to rho here. So, norm of v minus v naught by 2 is rho by 2 ok. So, what we have proved is that s y for each y fixed y is a contraction mapping of the closed ball b bar rho v naught ok. So, now we can come to the proof of the statement A that is the step 3. v is a Banach space every closed ball in it is a complete metric space. Therefore, by step 2 we can apply a contraction mapping theorem to conclude that s y has a unique fixed point. We define g by m prime g is m prime 2 m prime is the points where in y varies right into b bar rho by the formula s y of g y is g y ok. So, fixed point of s y for each y there is only one unique map that is important that is one unique point inside this ball.  So, f of y g y is 0 will be s of y will be v. So, it follows that for each y in m prime g y is unique for each y number g y is unique that is the conclusion of the contraction mapping in particular g y not has to be v not because y not is already going to v not under f y f of v not y not v not is 0 that was the starting hypothesis. So, g of y not has to be v not the continuity of g is a direct consequence of part b of the contraction mapping theorem which we have proved in the first part in the first module ok. This is s y is continuous in y then this is continuous was following that is what we have proved. So, this proves part a all right proof of part b since now we now assume that y is a Banach space second part we may assume that m prime is a convex neighborhood of of this y not of this y not in both this 14 and 15 right in the beginning you can assume this is a convex in smaller things also you can choose again convex set. So, here in these two ok. So, choice of m prime being convex does not make sense in an arbitrary topological space. So, we could not have said right here once we know that y is a Banach space we can make this one a convex set also ok convex neighborhood of the point y not.  So, this was the main value in equality ok we have proved this theorem 1.21 y belonging to m prime put v equal to gy in this formula then f of y gy minus f of y v not minus v is gy right gy minus v not is less than or to c epsilon times gy minus v not.  So, I am taking only this part now f of y v not plus gy minus v not is less than or to c epsilon times gy minus v not why because f of y gy is 0. So, because I am taking a norm I can convert all these negative signs into positive signs ok this minus sign will be this plus sign will be minus sign. So, f of y gy is 0 by choice of gy ok. So, part b of theorem 1.1 namely the continuity part taking f equal to s and v equal to g we get gy minus v not is less than or equal to distance between gy and v not which is distance between gy what is v not is gy not that is less than or to 1 divided by 1 minus epsilon see I am going to use the full statement of part b of theorem 1.1 which I have told you namely the inequality that we have established there norm of gy minus v not if we did not write it in the terms of norm but we have to write it in the matrix notation is gy v not which is gy g v not this was less than or equal to 1 divided by 1 minus epsilon distance between gy and s of y v not. Now go back figure this distance is given by the metric here this metric is given by the norm here. So, I can replace it by norm 1 divided by 1 minus c epsilon gy minus s of y v not ok, but this is by definition f of y v not definition of s ok. Now you use the fact that c epsilon is the minimum of epsilon and 1 by 2. So, it is less than or equal to 1 by 2. So, this 1 divided by 1 minus epsilon is less than or equal to 2 ok. So, this whole thing is less than or equal to twice f of y v not. Therefore, go back now gy minus v not plus f of y v not ok that will be less than twice c epsilon times f of y v not all that we want is some constant here ok depends upon c it may be 3 times may be 4 times that does not matter ok. So, let us write f of y v not as h of y not v not times operating upon y minus v not plus the remainder why we can write it as because this is the derivative of f ok with respect to the y coordinate v not is fixed here ok y minus y not I am taking because it is the derivative with respect to the y coordinate here. So, r y the remainder after n terms after first term this has a property that r y divided by norm of y minus y not tends to 0 as y tends to 0 ok. So, I am using the increment theorem here. Therefore, if you use this in this inequality that we have established what we get is gy minus v not plus h of y not v not minus y minus y not this term ok. So, I have replaced f y this plus this one.  So, this term I have taken is gy minus v not is as it is this term is replaced by f y minus r y ok, but this part we have already shown twice c epsilon plus f y v not. Therefore, I can add plus norm of r y this is triangle inequality ok this term is as turn equal to this term plus this term. See twice c epsilon f y v not norm plus norm of r y, but that is same thing as now we go back f y v not is this plus this. So, h of y not v not y minus y not plus twice c epsilon plus 1 plus 1 more here this twice c epsilon it comes from here and one here one extra term comes from here. So, this much plus into r y ok dividing out by y minus y not the y minus y not term comes from here norm this is a linear map right. So, norm of this is less than equal to norm of this into norm of y minus v not ok. You divide out by this take the limit what we get this divided by take divided by y minus y not take the limit this is just 0 because this is the derivative of this one ok. So, we get gy minus v not plus h of this y minus v not where y minus y not and y tends to this one ok is less than equal to you see epsilon twice epsilon y minus v not y this is there plus r y is there divided by y minus y not this tends to 0 no I mean does not matter what this constant is right. So, this part vanishes this part will remain ok, but it is twice c epsilon times norm of h y y not v not the norm of y minus y not term cancels out ok. So, I repeat when you take the limit this term vanishes because r y divided by y minus y not tends to 0 this term y minus norm of y minus y not comes out and that has gone down divided that term remains ok. So, this is true for all epsilon positive right that is what I told some c epsilon twice three times whatever you do not care. So, we get that for every epsilon I have taken c epsilon to be minimum of epsilon and half ok. So, if this is true then this left hand side limit must be 0. What is this? This limit tells you that g is differentiable at v not with h as its derivative that is the definition of differentiation sorry minus h as the derivative there is a plus sign here ok. So, this completes the proof of part b and thereby completes the proof of the implicit function theorem. I recall that in the original statement there was a t inverse here, but now in the modify statement we have made t to be identity map that is why the t does not appear here ok. So, that is the proof of implicit function theorem. Now, let us go to inverse function theorem there is one step ahead, but this is the crux of the fact this is the main thing that we want to prove finally v and w are Banach spaces u is an open subset of the first Banach space v f is a function from this open set into w. The condition on f is that it is continuously differentiable function and its derivative at a particular point v not is a similarity ok. The conclusion is that there exists a neighborhood of v not such that f on that neighborhood to its image is a homeomorphism f n is open in w moreover f inverse is also continuously differentiable. So, starting with just a continuously differentiable function which is such that at one point the derivative is invertible in a small neighborhood the function itself is a homeomorphism actually a diffeomorphism because inverse is also continuously differentiable moreover on to the image is also open both n and f n are open n is open in v and f n is open in v. The hypothesis that f df v not is similarity automatically implies that v and w are similar spaces ok. So, how do we prove that since the set of all similarities from one vector space one Banach space to another Banach space is an open subset ok of the continuous linear maps from v to w all continuous maps invertible maps are an open set this is what we have seen. df from u to b v w is given to be continuous ok by replacing u by a smaller neighborhood of v not if necessary we can assume that df v is similar for all v inside u ok all that I have made is you know the map is continuous ok df and at v not it goes to a similarity similarity is contained inside an open subset here we have denoted by a a v w. So, you take an open subset going inside that by continuity and that open subset let us now rewrite it as u we do not want the bigger review at all. So, the assumption is that starting with one at one at one point it is invertible we are assuming that for all v inside u df v is invertible is a similarity ok. Next step in the implicit function theorem above we take y equal to w ok. So, we are in the part b already remember part b of implicit function theorem wanted us to be that y to be a Banach space. So, we are making much special case y as a w itself ok take y not as f of v not v not is given now what is y not do not worry worry about other points take y not f of v not. Now, you take capital F from w to u w cross u to w. In fact, some neighborhood of y not and v not I should take to w, but I can define it this map from the whole of w cross u w given by f of w v is w minus f v very simple function ok capital F this is what we are going to apply the implicit function theorem. Then f is continuously differentiable as a function of v that is what we wanted first of all. In fact, this is continuously differentiable even in terms of w also. So, all the hypothesis that we needed are satisfied for each w inside w the derivative of this function namely when w is fixed at v going to f of w v is minus of df and minus of df at v not is a similarity. So, all the hypothesis of implicit function theorem are satisfied the first part says there is a neighborhood m prime of w of f v not and a row positive such that for each w inside m prime there is a unique g w there are two y y y and so on now y is w. So, I am writing that g w belonging to b row bar such that f of w g w is 0, but what is f of g w w g w it is w minus f of g w w minus f of v right v is g w. So, what is the meaning of this it just means that f g is identity on m prime right. So, that is the meaning of this one moreover the part a already tells you that this map g from m prime to b bar is a unique one and part b says it is continuously differentiable at it is continuous on the whole of sorry it is differentiable at w not. The second part says it is differentiable at w not. The first part says it is continuous ok not continuous differentiable sorry that is not correct. So, that is what we have. So, this is all the implicit function theorem applied to this special case ok. So, are we through? So, we have to see what it is happening here. The existence of g implies this m prime is inside the image of f image of f restricted to the closed ball. See what it means is there exists for each each see map is from m prime f f is a map from v to some neighborhood of right. So, something inside w, but I want to say that m prime is covered by f each point m prime namely w there is a point here which we call the g w f of that is m prime f of that is w. So, this means that m is contained inside the image of f or image of b bar under f ok that is the meaning of like this something. Therefore, what we take is n to be this open ball intersection with f inverse of m prime m prime is an open set open set. So, f inverse of m prime is an open set intersect with the open ball that is an open subset of v. Clearly it is a neighborhood of v not because v not is inside f inverse of f ok f of v not is our starting point this y not or w not whatever ok. So, this is a neighborhood of v not the uniqueness of g implies that this map now restricted to n from n to f n is a bijection because f composite g is identity told you that g is a left inverse of f or f is the right inverse of g ok. But now g is unique ok. So, f must be injective also. So, f is a bijection with g as its inverse ok y not. So, I have already told you that v not is inside n and n is open inside v f from n to f n is a homeomorphism. But why f n is open but f n happens to be just g inverse of m prime because g composite f is identity ok.  So, here is the picture I have drawn v 2 w this f is a multi valid function it is not it is not assumed to be 1 1 map or anything there is no need for that ok. So, what we started we started with a neighborhood m prime and a neighborhood b rho bar here of corresponding neighborhood ok. For each point in m prime there is a unique g inside this bar ok what is g f of that is back to m prime here is w. So, go g and come back by f f of composite g is identity map of this bar which means that this m prime is covered by the image of this one this is some larger thing ok. If you take f of this it could be larger it covers m prime ok. But for points of m prime inside this one there is only one point which is coming to that that is the that is the uniqueness part. If there are another point here coming here the uniqueness will fail right, but some point here may come here some point may here may come here I do not care inside this ball open ball there is only one g ok. So, therefore, when you take this m prime and inverse of that ok inside this one there may be some other point I am intersecting it v in the open ball that is what I am calling it as n on n to m prime f is a bijection now and its inverse is g ok. And what we know is that g is differentiable at v naught here sorry f v naught here that is w naught ok g is continuous f is continuous they are inverse of each other homeomorphism n is open m prime is open. But I am not taking whole of m prime here what I am taking is f of n ok f of n is open alright f of n is also a neighborhood of f v naught. So, only thing that remains is why this g is differentiable on the whole of n we know it only at one point right what is that point that point was an arbitrary point of this neighborhood ok. The hypothesis is true now for all of the points in n remember that was the starting point of our choice of the neighborhood here ok for all we cut down the neighborhood u itself such that d f is invertible on all over of this. So, that hypothesis is there therefore, for every point v prime here I can apply the same theorem to conclude that the inverse exist in some neighborhood the inverse being a unique map ok and it will be differentiable at f of v prime. But inside this neighborhood g has to be the same map because it has to be the inverse of f because f is already one one map therefore, g is differentiable at all the points of f n f n starting with any point here the same hypothesis is applicable here ok.  But then the same argument applied at each point w prime is f v prime where v prime range is over n we will tell you that in some smaller neighborhood all that is there in the background we can ignore them. f v prime contained inside f of n everything f is a continuous inverse which is differentiable at f of v prime f has a continuous inverse that but continuous inverse itself is the same g now there is no other because f is already one one map but the inverse of f has to be j on all of f n therefore, g is differentiable at f on the whole of f n ok.  Therefore, the continuity of this d g ok follows from the assumption that d f is continuous and the fact that eta is continuous ok as seen in theorem 1.14. Therefore, the derivative is continuous see until here we only show that g is differentiable if d g is continuous follows but d g is given by by this formula namely it is d f inverse. So, I said it is inverse of this one but this is also true for if you take d of f composite g f composite g is already identity. So, it is both ways therefore, one is the inverse of the other ok the inverse taking inverse itself is a continuous operation therefore, we have that d g as a continuous function ok. So, that completes the argument completes all the proofs of all the assertions of the inverse function theorem. So, so theorem 1.14 is proved. So, that is all today. So, let us stop here.


Mr. Sam Pitroda, Mohindar Singh ji, Saab Bullar ji, Sandeep Faghela ji, Gurpreet ji, Shan Sankaran ji, Madhu Iragu ji, brothers and sisters, friends, and I don't see the children who sang but where are they, yeah, I'd like to welcome all of you and thank all of you for coming here and also thank the wonderful children for the song they sang. It was sung very movingly and very well. Some months ago we started a walk from Kanyakumari to Kashmir. Prior to walking we were finding that the normal tools that we used to use for politics. Conversations like this, public meetings were simply not working anymore. All the instruments that we needed to do politics in India, they were controlled by the PJP and the RSS. You know people are threatened, this is important people, agencies are used on people. So we also were finding that in some way it had become quite difficult to act politically. And that's why we decided to walk from southernmost tip of India to Srinagar. And when we started, I thought okay, we'll see what happens. After five or six days we realized that actually walking four thousand kilometers is not an easy thing. And I had an old knee injury that started to act up. So I said now I'm in real trouble because there's no choice. One has to walk and I'm having quite a lot of pain. Then quite a surprising thing happened. I started noticing that after walking 25 kilometers, 25 kilometers is more than half a marathon. So after walking three weeks every day 25 kilometers I suddenly realized one afternoon that it's strange but I'm not feeling tired at all. I get up in the morning, six o'clock we used to start and we used to end walking at about 7.38 in the evening and I was like this is very strange. I'm not feeling tired at all. What is this? And then I started asking people around that very, everybody is saying to me, I'm not feeling tired. It's very strange. We're not feeling tired. So I started to think about it and I realized that actually what was going on was that it was not us that was walking. It was India that was walking with us. And the large mass of people who were coming, all religions, all communities, everybody, kids, they were creating an atmosphere of love and affection where nobody was feeling tired. Almost as if everybody was walking together, everyone was walking together and nobody was feeling tired. One was helping the other. And that's where we came up with the idea. We opened the shop of love in the market of hatred. Welcome, welcome. In the market of hatred, the shop of love. See, the interesting thing about us, about the Congress Party is we have affection towards everybody. Someone wants to, if someone wants to come, if someone wants to come and say something, regardless of what they're saying, we're happy to listen to it. We're not going to get angry. We're not going to get aggressive. We'll nicely listen to it. In fact, we'll be affectionate to them. We'll be loving to them because that's our nature. So we found that when everybody started walking together, completely different type of energy started coming. And I noticed that the government tried everything. Meaning, whatever power they had, they started stopping the journey. They took it off, used it to the police, but nothing was working. And the effect of the journey was increasing. Why did it happen? Because you all helped us. Not only in India, Bharat Jodo is an idea that is in all your hearts. And it is about respecting each other and being affectionate to each other. It is about not being violent towards each other, not being arrogant. I can see my Sikh brothers here.  That be humble, be affectionate and we walked nothing compared to Guru Nanak Ji. I read somewhere that Guru Nanak Ji had gone all the way to Mecca, Saudi Arabia. He had gone to Thailand. He had gone to Sri Lanka. So these giants were doing Bharat Jodo much before we were born. And I can say the same. I can say the same for my friends from Karnataka, Basavana Ji, my friends from Kerala, Narayana Guru Ji. Every state in India has had these giants. Every single one of them said, listen to each other, be respectful, not just of your own religion, not just of your own language, not just of your own culture. Be respectful for all cultures, all religions, all languages because they are in fact the same. And the assault that is taking place in India, it's taking place on our way of life.  Different languages, different religions and that is what is being attacked. So the tradition in India and again something, leaders like Guru Nanak Ji, Basavana Ji, Gandhi Ji emphasized, not to be under the impression that you know everything, that the world is too big, too complicated for any one person to think that he understands everything and he knows everything. And so really that is the disease that Sam sort of outlined. That is the disease that we have a group of people in India who are absolutely convinced that they know everything. In fact I think they think maybe they know even more than God. They could sit down with God and have a conversation and explain to him about what is going on. And of course our Prime Minister is one such specimen. I think if you sat Modi Ji down next to God, Modi Ji would start explaining to God how the universe works. Yes and God would get confused that what have I created. So these are funny things but really this is what is going on. We have a group of people who understand everything. They can speak to scientists and explain science to them. They can speak to historians and explain history to them. They can explain warfare to the army, flying to the air force. Whatever they want they can you know and at the heart of it is mediocrity. That they actually don't understand anything. Because in life you cannot understand anything if you are not ready to listen. There is something the biggest lesson I learnt from Bharacholayatra. That there is something to learn from everybody. We are much older than those children. But I can guarantee you they can teach us all how to sing. I was looking at them and I was saying I can't sing like that. It's impossible. So when you look at another person, you have to appreciate that they have an experience, they have a life, they have seen things and maybe you can learn a lot from them. Maybe if you open your ears you can listen to them and learn from them. And that is actually the Indian tradition. If you look at our country, you will find that our country has the ability to absorb any idea that comes. India has never rejected any idea. Everybody who has come to India has been received with open arms and their ideas have been absorbed in India. And that is the India that we like. India that respects the rest of the world. India that is humble. India that listens. India that is affectionate. And that is the India that you represent. You would not be here if you did not agree with these values. If you believed in anger, hatred, arrogance, you would be sitting in a BJP meeting, right? And I would be doing monkey bath. So thank you very much for holding up the Indian flag in America, showing the American people what it means to be Indian, respecting them, respecting their culture, learning from them and also allowing them to learn from you. You make us all proud and we think of our country.  When America says Indian people are extremely intelligent, Indian people are masters of IT, Indian people are respectful.  So I thank you very much for that. I came here this morning. Sam organized the flight. I arrived 16 hours after 16 hours flying 6.30 in the morning. I thought I'd be tired but I'm not tired at all because of the energy that you have given me. Thank you. Love you, love you. Now they've asked me to answer your questions. See that few questions. That also would not happen in a BJP meeting. No questions there. Only answers. Thank you. Thanks everyone. Could you please sit down? Thank you. So we have many organizations which support it. Four or five questions. Quick. Or opinions. It doesn't, whatever. Yes. Ask people questions. They automatically assume opinions. Yes. So we have women who played major contribution for this program to be successful. We have women empowerment organization which helped us to make this event successful. So they have a question specific to women and I would request Ms. Chan Sri Reddy to ask that question. Welcome Raul Jeetu for California. And as a women empowerment association, my name is Chan Sri Reddy. So I would like to ask you two questions regarding this women bill that has been in the court for almost more than half a century. So when the Congress comes in power. Which comments? The women's reservation rights. So that bill has been there for more than a quarter century. So as a Congress leader, what is your thoughts on it? And how are you going to deal with it? That's of my first question. The second question is, you know, in India, it's very hard for women for the safety issue. So what are we going to, you know, offer our next generation of the girls in India? Thank you. So on the women's reservation bill, we are committed to that. We wanted to pass it in the last government. But some of our allies were not too happy with it. And they didn't give us the support for that bill. But I'm confident when we come to power, we'll pass that bill. It's, I think it's, I think part of the answer to your second question lies in the first question. If we empower women, if we involve women in the political system, if we give women space in the governance of the country, if we give women space in the businesses of the country, we will automatically make them safer. So I think involving them in politics, involving them in business, involving them in running the country are the way to give them power. Thank you. Thank you. We have another Tamil community organization, so who united entire Tamil organizations, and they have expressed their support. So they might differ on the Congress Party, but they have come here for the love of Rahul Gandhi today. So I would like to invite Mr. Pughal. If you are here. Thank you, Sandeep. Hello, Rahul Ji. My name is Pughal Anbu. I'm the President of the Indo-American Society for Science, Reason, and Freethought. I also represent Tamuls who live in the Bay Area. On behalf of our people, and on behalf of people who believe in science, reason, and free thought, I would like to point out that we are honored, humble, and most truly proud of your journey about opening up the shops of love on the streets of hate all over the India. Tamuls have a long tradition of harboring brotherhood mindset throughout their civilization. 3,000 years ago, our forefathers said, Yadu Mure, Yawarum Keleer, Perapukkum Yalla Weerkum. Translation. All human beings are created equal, and every town is our town. Everybody is our relative. To us, India is like European Union. With each state having its own language, its own tradition, its own festivals, its own cuisine, dress code, way of living, etc., etc. They are all different, yet we live under one country called India. Therefore, it is deeply saddening to us when someone from the Union Government trying to impose one language, one culture, one tradition, one religion, one school, etc. Recognizing this diversity to make into a robust country, our beloved leader, the Dravidian icon, former Chief Minister, Dr. Sian Anathurai, proclaimed both in Parliament and in public forums for Manilak Tilsviachi, Mathil Kootachi, which means autonomous rule at the state level and federal rule at the Union level. Dear Raagulji, you have studied in America and you have traveled within United States extensively, and you know much better than anyone else in this room that America is the best example of federalism. Each state has its own constitution, its own Supreme Court, apart from federal laws. Whereas in India, Congress Party did have its own share of problems in the past, but the time itself changed. The new thinking has emerged and you are the epitome of the new thinking, you are the pin of hope and the streets of hate in India. Therefore, my question to you is that, like United States of America, what's your thought on making India as a true United States of India? Thank you, Jig. If you read our constitution, the definition of India in the constitution is a Union of States. And within our constitution is the idea that the languages, cultures, histories of each one of our states has to be protected under the Union. So what you're talking about is already incorporated in our constitution. It's already there. The BJP and the RSS are attacking that idea that you mentioned and also the Constitution of India. That's the fact. Now, for me personally, I understand that the Tamil language is more than a language to Tamil people. It is not just a... It is not just a language. It is their history. It is their culture. It is their way of life. And I will never ever allow Tamil language to be threatened. Because for me, threatening the Tamil language is to threaten the idea of India. Just like threatening Bengali or threatening Canada or threatening Hindi or threatening Punjabi are all attacks on India. So our strength, unlike many other countries, our strength comes from our diversity. Our strength comes from accepting that we are all different, but we can work together. And that is an idea that I'm sure you and the Congress Party are protecting. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you, everyone. Please put your questions brief respecting everyone's time. You have opinions, but please put your questions brief. Next question is Mr. Kartik from Ambedkar King Study Circle. Yes, yes, please appreciate these organizations have put together this amazing event. There are Telugu, Tamil, Karela, Canada, all of them together to make even successful, respect those organizations. Thank you. We've got five questions. Don't worry. There's more than enough. We can add a few also if you want. Hello, Rahulji. I'm Ganapati from the Ambedkar King Study Circle. First of all, welcome to San Francisco Bay Area. We wholeheartedly thank you for taking up the fight against the fascism. So this rise of fascism is not a mere coincidence. So we believe in the social and the economic equality in the society. And the inequality actually creates a conducive environment for fascism to emerge. So my question is, like, what is the plan of the Indian National Congress to approve the economic and the social inequality which creates this condition for fascism in the Indian subcontinent and also at the global level? One of the things that we are suggesting is when we were in government, we had carried out a caste census. And the idea behind the caste census was to take an X-ray of Indian society to find out what are the exact demographics of our country. What are the different communities? What are the different castes? How many people in each community? How many people in each caste? Because without understanding our demographics and without understanding who is who, it is very difficult to distribute wealth, distribute power effectively. So that was one idea that we had and we've been putting pressure on the BJP to release the caste census, the numbers in the caste census. They are, of course, not doing it. And we'll continue to apply pressure and if we come to power, we will do that. But we are committed as the Congress party to make India a fair place. And we understand deeply that India today, in terms of its treatment of Dalits, tribals, poor people, minorities, is not a fair place. And there's many, many things that can be done. There is the NIAI scheme that we had which is aimed at providing a minimum income to all Indians. There are ideas like Mandrega. I think an increase in public education, increase in public health care, I think these are all things that can be done to make India a much more equal and fair place. Thank you. Thank you. We have our next question from Silicon Valley Christian Community. Mr. Jay. Parulji, now the parliament, lots of our seats are increasing to 888. What's your take on it? There's a proposal that Moriji is actually working on. It is going to entirely be based on population. It is going to tilt the orientation towards the highly populous states, getting more and more lion's hair of the revenues and everything. So how is it going to change everything? Minorities are going to get even more depressed. Majorities are going to be making everybody vulnerable. So what's your take on it? I'd have to look at exactly how they're thinking about doing it. But I think one has to be very, very careful when one changes the representative structure of a country. So I'd be quite interested in understanding exactly how they've come up with the number 800 and what are the criteria that they're using. These things should not be done flippantly. India is a conversation. India is a negotiation between its languages, between its people, between its histories and cultures. And that negotiation has to be fair. Meaning all parts of India, all the states of India should feel that there is fairness in the process of negotiation. If I see exactly how they're coming up with 800 and what is the design, then I would be able to answer whether I agree with the number 800. But I haven't seen the way they're calculating it. But it depends how the ratios change. It is currently based on the population, but you'll have to see how the ratios change. You know, I think the parliament house, these are distractions. The real issues in India are unemployment, price rise, spread of anger and hatred, a crumbling education system, price of education, price of healthcare. These are the real issues. BJP can't really discuss them, so then they have to do the whole skeptic thing. You know, lying down and doing all that. Aren't you happy I'm not lying down? Thank you, thank you. One more question from Bay Area. One more question. One more question. One more question. So this is from the Bay Area Muslim community. Please respect the community. One question from the Bay Area Muslim community. This is Mr. Mohammad Khan. Please. Rahul ji, thank you so much for coming all the way here. Thank you very much. I think this is something which we were starving for as Muslims from the Bay Area. We all want to thank you for your time and for your efforts in coming all the way here. As you know that Muslims have the security threat today. It was never before. The way we see today, like whenever we call and talk to anybody, it's like, what's going on? There are so many different laws which are getting implemented, which were not even implemented earlier. If it is just of the security, it's okay. But then if it goes on and on, like... They are putting in the jails. For the crimes they have not committed, what strategy will you adopt or what hope are you giving to Indian Muslims? Which is going to change the whole thing back to the point where we were and get back to the normal stream to develop India? The best way for me to explain that is the line, that is the best way I can say. That is that it is felt most strongly by the Muslim community. Because it is done most directly to them.  I can guarantee you that the same way you are feeling attacked, I can guarantee you my Sikh brothers are feeling the same thing, I can guarantee you my Christian brothers are feeling the same, sisters are feeling the same thing. I can guarantee you the Dalit community is feeling the same thing, tribal community is feeling the same thing. In fact, anybody who is poor in India today, when he looks at the extreme wealth that a limited number of people have, in some way he feels the same thing that you feel, that what is going on? How is it that these five people have lakhs of crores and I have nothing to eat?  But it is a phenomena that is taking place against everybody in India. And you cannot cut hatred with hatred. It is impossible. You know that. You can only cut hatred with love and affection. And I was surprised at how easy it was to erase hatred in India. I was shocked. I didn't imagine that by walking from here to there, it would have so much impact. I didn't imagine it. Indian people, as you yourself have said, they don't believe in this stuff. They don't believe in hating each other. They don't believe in killing each other. This is a small group of people who have got control of the system, who have got control of the media and who are fully supported by big money. But this is not the large mass of Indian people. I can guarantee you, I walked from Kanyakumari to Kashmir. I can guarantee you there are more people who believe in love and affection than hatred. Millions and millions more. So, don't be pessimistic. Also, I'd like to point out another thing. This happens periodically in India. What is happening, for example, to the Muslim community in India today happened to the Dalit community in the 80s. If you went to UP in the 80s, the Dalit community, what is happening with the Muslims was happening with the Dalit there. So periodically this type of stuff happens and we have to challenge it. We have to fight it. And we have to fight it with affection, not fight it with hatred. We will do that. Thank you, Rahul ji. One last question from the most important community of the entire world, that is students. So, we have one interesting student from UC Berkeley who wants to literally begging me to ask one last question. She promised that she would conclude it. Welcome, Rahul sir. And thank you so much for your win in Karnataka. You've made a lot of people very, very happy. We've literally cried tears with joy. So, thank you. So, my question for you would be, we have a lot of students who helped out here today. We really feel passionately for your cause, which is our cause now. But what would you say to us, we want to go back to India, we want to represent our country, but we see how the athletes, the youth, the wrestlers, in recent times are being treated, it's very undignified. We feel very discouraged. So, what would you say to us to kind of bring the sense of wanting to go back out there for our country? Yeah. Please realize that there's a huge distortion. India is not what the media shows. The media likes to show a particular narrative. It likes to promote a particular narrative. That is actually not what is going on in India. It was very clear to me in the Yatra. It's in the media's interest to project these things. It helps the BJP. So, don't think that everything you see in the media is the truth. And as a young person, your country needs you, right? And your skills and your energy will be very useful to your country. So, if you feel like going back, do go back and help out. Thank you. Thank you, Rahul Ji. Thank you. And I picked up Rahul Ji somewhere in the morning, 8 o'clock, it's 8 o'clock. So, please, please, one minute. So, let me conclude it. He's a normal human being like us. He's not super human. He's a normal human being. Please, one minute. Let me thank the audience. So, last question, I like the question, which is, what do I suggest that you do? Right? Yes.  You believe in humility, you believe in respect, you believe in being affectionate to each other. So, do not answer anger and hatred with love and affection. Show them that you're not like them. You should support the ideas that will defeat the BJP. Thank you very much.