Thank you all. Your speeches today were fabulous, but just a quick question for Patrick.  How do you reconcile talking to the Chinese government or any of the other governments, like I imagine the Arab states as well, you do a lot of work there, about free private spaces in really what are kind of authoritarian, totalitarian type of governments? That was just an overview of what we're doing. And so in China, most of our projects, huge projects, are for private clients who have nothing to do with the government. And the real estate entrepreneurs in China are stars and they have huge following, and they're really very much freer to present product. So this is a kind of company called Soho China, small home office. And there, for instance, they deliver a product which is totally open in the building throughout, whether this be the purchased units will become a retail unit, a residence on office sprinkled throughout the tower. Things like this, radical things like this, they had to in the real time climb down on this and they got, because the Chinese start to import more regulations and less entrepreneurial. But we've done four huge projects with this company. And the last one is this kind of mega-atrium. I didn't show that image, but a similar one to what I've showed under construction to be completed. So there's a lot of opportunity. And we have a few other private clients, conglomerates and entrepreneurs who found us and we're doing very much into corporate environments. And there you need a lot of that complexity and freedom and total flexibility. And yeah, we do also government projects, but I was just giving an overview. There it is a little bit different, of course, but also something like Beijing Airport there. These companies, even though the government holds them, they also have entrepreneurial leaders and there's kind of quasi- entrepreneurship operating there as well to some extent. And the Middle East also main projects are private clients. In Dubai, for instance, and we established one kind of developer and we created a big product which has retail, hotel, apartment, service departments, offices, food and beverage in one complex building. And this has also, through its planning, changed already several times. There is also more freedom in the environment there. These buildings wouldn't be possible in Europe. I have a question to Titus Gabel in terms of private cities. Do you think that even countries like North Korea might be interested in establishing private cities on the territory to solve the extreme economical inefficiency? Well, North Korea might be a place, no, I don't think so, because there's a reason why, especially it comes like North Korea has problems that is because the rulers are completely paranoid when it comes to giving up power. So I think this is too extreme, but you have a level below North Korea, say an African country where a dictator is that he might be willing to give up some power because he hopes that there will be more income for the state. And he might even ask, okay, you pay me 10% of your taxes or fees, in our case, right, to make it happen. I think it's, in principle, a trade off between the willingness to give up some influence for the rulers against monetary compensation and maybe more fame to them, because then there's more development. I do not see that happen in North Korea at the moment. Okay, I didn't know that, but you have to have a closer look at that. Many people confront me with, you can just buy a Creek Island, right? The problem with this and all the great communities thing is you're still subject to the state's sovereignty. So if you run something privately, but are still subject to all the rules of the state, that is not my, that I'm not interested in that. It, my product can only be successful if we have a certain autonomy to make our own rules. And I doubt that, I mean, I would try to attract North Korean workers, right? And I would say, okay, you have certain rights in my area, for example, free speech. I had to probably to give up a lot of things to make it possible in North Korea. And then I probably didn't want to do that. Yes, of course. I mean, that I wouldn't say that, I mean, all land has sooner or later was confiscated by one party, right? I mean, that is, that is the question you would have, you would have to make in a single case. But our normal case is that we would acquire land from landowners. And theoretically, it's not even necessary, right? Because you can say we only need to establish this legal framework. And the owners stay as they are. But in practice, it is our main source of income is real estate development, because we are buying properties before it was a free private city regime. And then by doing that, increasing the value alone, that will probably be the main income source in practice. Because then you can because for the fees that that paying for security and some some cordial arbitration system, you cannot make much profit. As long as you have, say, not more than 100,000 people, then you would probably not make profit out of that. I don't know anything about North Korea, because I don't count what the journalists write about North Korea. But one cannot convince majority, but perhaps somebody convince Mr. Kim, you know, in the dictatorship, the law can be changed from the day on. So perhaps something has changed. As a day, there's certainly a truth to what you say that is if you have to convince one person or say an oligarchy of five to 10 persons, it is much easier than to convince the majority of parties. Because most countries in the world probably have to change the constitution to make something like a free private city happen, not all of them. And then it's a political issue that could can take years, right? And so far, you're right. But on the other hand, I have also to take care of my reputation, right? And so far, going to certain countries, it's maybe not the best idea. So, this is a question for Janusz. What do you believe is the strategic thinking behind the EU's pro migration policy? I'm sorry, please, a bit louder. What do you believe is the strategic thinking behind the EU's migration policy? Migration. Well, the problem is, the problem is that I don't know what was the reasons behind the decision of Mrs. Merkel. I don't know. Perhaps the entrepreneurs wanted to have more workforce. Perhaps she wanted to destroy the system. Quite possible. I don't know the reasons. Anyway, she is now withdrawing from her decision. And the problem, if immigration is not in immigration. All the America, the United States, I mean, has been built by the immigrants. But there was no socialism. Those immigrants knew they will have no social benefits, no gratis school, no gratis medicine. If they work, they get money. They knew it. So only those who wanted to work hard went to the United States. In Europe, it's exactly opposite. If somebody comes to Europe and wants to work, he's expelled because he's taking a replace from European. And if he wants social benefits, he's accepted. It is an absolute situation. It's exactly opposite as in normal countries, as I told you. I have a question for Titus. Let's assume you sign the contract and you have a successful free city. How do you protect yourself against breach of contract by the other side?  Yeah, that is certainly one of the core questions of the concept. The answer is by investor protection agreements. And fortunately, most countries are a party of one or more investor protection agreements. So it works like that. You are in a certain country that has investor protection agreements with, say, the US or with an area. And then you form your company as a US company. And you make all your investments there. And then if they withdraw the law, it's expropriation. It's like expropriation. You would then go through the arbitration tribunal and say, we want basically a judgment on that, a decision on that. And then you have your title and then you can cease their property like hedge funds did with Argentinian planes, right? And if they are disregarding this tribunal decision, they will be kicked out of their free trade association or they cannot afford that, right? So this is our main protection, is the investor protections agreements that are in existence worldwide. And you have to legally structure your operating entity as such that they are protected by such an agreement. Ideally, you can have an extra investor protection clause in an agreement that you make with the country, which is the best way, right? And if they disregard this, you cease their property in foreign lands. Yeah, I do. But this is only in the beginning. Well, look at Singapore, right? I mean, they have submarines, they have more combat tanks than Germany. They can't be attacked any longer. They could be attacked in the first two or three years, if you have a look at his book. For the moment, this is the only thing we can do. There's no, there's no other possibility. But over time, and also if you look at the successful medieval states, city states, like Genoa, or Venice, or even the the Hanseatic League, they could with this economic power comes military power. And then they could resist the Hanseatic League could resist the big powers of that time, like Denmark, right? They fought a war against Denmark. So if you have enough cities that are willing to support each other, I think then you don't have to rely on investor protection agreements any longer. But that is the reality at the moment. And it is, I'm very happy that this this possibility is existing at all. Also a question for Titus Gabel. We live in a world where, you know, things change faster and faster. So there's more and more innovation. So one cannot rely on things being the same for the next few decades or generations. So a proprietary community, like what you are doing, faces the same thing. And so if one looks at a community, one of the key problems is the coordination problem. How do you solve the coordination problem? And one element of that is that if the property is divided, and this is the argument that Spencer McCallum makes and his grandfather Spencer Heath, that if the property is divided, then it's it creates it presents a fundamental challenge to the coordination problem because there's no integrated way to solve that. So then one has to resort to things like what is it when the when the state intervenes eminent domain and similar things. But so the model that he presents is that there's integrated ownership. So the entire area is owned by a single entity, the management company, which would be in this case your company. And then it it rents the property, but the property doesn't belong to individual owners. The entire thing belongs to the owner. And that way, you can solve the coordination problem, because let's say a road needs to be built. Then the entity can decide to build a road. Whereas if it's subdivided property, then you have holdouts that say no, you're not going to build the road across my property, which then holds back innovation. So I'm curious in your model, which of those two directions you take? Yeah, I mean, I've had all those discussions and I'm in contact with Spencer and all that. Look, I'm not a big fan of that. I mean, this is the property in freedom society for a reason. Property is turning sent into gold and at least can ruin a garden. Why? Because the incentive of being an owner is so strong and to work for yourself and and your family and your kids that I think that is much more sought after if I if I offer the opportunity to acquire property. But you can solve that problem by just imposing a kind of a covenant on the property. Like I say, okay, you have to follow the rules of the city, for example, right? If the new owner is not signing a contract, then this property transaction is considered invalid. So I don't see the big difference and so forth. But you can be a property owner for the planning thing. We do not want to have eminent domain indeed. So you have to foresee in the beginning certain areas and then free free market urban order, right? That is not a perfect solution. And I'm not against trying out different things. I think Johan, the first three private cities will look different from the third and will look different from the 10th. We will have to try out different models and see what works and what doesn't. But just because you have a coordination problem to forbid people to acquire property is not the way I'm going to follow. Yeah, I know the model, but again, I mean, I would rather own my own house and garden than having a share of a, that is my view and other people might seek differently. I don't know how it is now in the United States. I've been there in 1986. And at least in some states, there were situations where some building glow, I don't know, rather technical. And there were the settlement acts. Every settlement or not every, but the settlement could have its own law, for example, law, that you cannot sell the house to anybody who sells it to Jew, to Negro, or to anybody who didn't sign the same, the same clausule. And it was legal, clausule, and very often, very often used. So it is a private, private settlement and, and it's new. How much time did you spend studying medieval city constitutions? For example, the constitution of the city of Dortmund, the city of Zost, which were hundredfold replicated in Northern Europe? I did some studies, especially regarding the Hanseatic League. They were a copy, especially legal system of Magdeburg and Lübeck, which were the predominant cities that time. At the end, and when it's also very complicated structure, at the end, I think that is not feasible for us. We have certain elements in medieval cities, especially when it's coming to crime and punishment, that you, that you can adopt. And the, in so far, they are a handful of things where I think it's not a bad idea how they did it. But copying look over time, what happened is, first there was a group of people who were setting the rules, mostly owners, and then the, the, the group of people who had a say was always growing.  And you had often the time that there was a constitution, but it wasn't followed and, and, and things like that. So I'm, I'm not a big fan of constitutions, because if you look what happened in the last 200 years, it's on paper, yes, but it's not followed any longer. Or in, in, in countries like Germany, they can change the constitution, or they did change, since World War II, or since the Grundgesetz was, was there in 49, they changed it, I think 60 times, 60. So what I did is probably, I didn't really thoroughly enough to study, but what I found is some elements that I think are really reasonable. For example, not punishing the citizenship a second time by putting people for a long time in prison and feeding them and paying them. And there, the whole criminal system was more, you have to, you, you have to show yourself in shame, right?  So that, all those things, and so you can say, okay, maybe it's a better idea to let people pay something for their crime, and if they cannot pay work instead of putting them in prison, and we have to pay for that. That is an idea I got from the medieval times, and, but the, and the, the constitutions are basically, every, every city is a little bit different, but mostly it's like in, in, in Greece, there's a group of people that have, have a say, and over time this, this group was growing, and other groups were saying, we also want to have a say, and, and, and so on. That was something that is not so much different from our current system, in my view, but maybe I have not studied that thoroughly enough. The first thing is, what I like about it initially, it comes as an offer when you say there's a multiple of political sensibilities, ideas, you try out one and libertarianism is just one, and agro-capitalism is kind of one kind of model, and there could be other models, and what I foresee and, and you could be more strict and regulated versus more free, and of course you have apostles that this is the model which would flourish, this is the model which is, which has productivity gains and attractiveness, and you can invent and imagine lots of models, for instance be more restrictive, ethnically, homogenous, highly regulated, but, or religious you said, and I think these, all these models, that's our theory would fail, and I guess, but at the same time we have to try and we have to be pragmatic about which models and details, whether it's leasehold or property, would be happening, and I wanted to add one more thing to this, is that if there is a differentiation of models, they might tie in with the World Division of Labor that an industrial manufacturing kind of place will have a different constitution sensibility rules and ethos, at place, in the end of a tech industry versus also rather provisions, so there might be a kind of economic base kind of thinking, a differentiation of various types of cities, the resort cities, the retirement cities, and so on, and they might have different products and rules, so it's not going to be one fit all, but they're huge constraints, and that's an evolutionary process filtering out which, which are the contemporary flourishing models, and I have the similar sensibility to you that, that this would be a kind of the libertarian version would be, would be highly productive. Sorry, I got a question for, for Taddis as well, a couple of things, because your idea was, you know, just made a lot of ideas come out my head, you've talked about how your relationship is going to be with the host country, right, and being from Hong Kong, I think one of the most important things is once your city-state is created, how does it seem credible to the other governments? For example, if a trade embargo was placed on your host country, would you be able, sort of like Hong Kong, be seen as to be so different that you will be exempt from it, and also the relationship in international banking as well, would these, would, would swift be able to do business with the banks set up in your jurisdiction, I mean, you know, I mean, yes, we will be libertarians and we'll be like whatever currency rules, then let them, let them use the currency, but you'll, you know, I mean, in Hong Kong, for example, we, our financial secretaries, we, we, has this complaint about how 30 percent of the entire budget and bureaucracy now is dedicated in enforcing factor, fact car, sorry, that car, right, and so how would you be able to avoid having this particular, so by, by, intervene by foreign governments, and more, a more prosaic point, would these citizens in your city, city be, be allowed to carry guns around? Okay, starting from, from, from the last one, yes they would, but probably I'm, I'm open to, I can imagine as an, as an entrepreneur, I'm offering certain different products, right, and one product would be, you can bear arms and another one would be, you can own arms, but you shouldn't bear it in the inner city, because we don't want that, and the third would be no arms allowed, I'm completely open to that, I, I have no problem with owning you arms, right, so it would be allowed, and it will be allowed in our upcoming project, but probably I will say that, that in the inner city you should not bear arms openly, okay, so this is, again, there's no, there's no, because this is not an ideological question, it's basically a question of taste, right, and you can, you can say, okay, I don't like that, you're, no, your choice, you go to another place where it's allowed, right, if you, you probably, nobody here in this room will probably like 100% of my decisions that I make in this city, right, but you might like 85%, and this is compared to your current state where you like 10% of the decisions, the government, it's a big improvement, and then I would encourage you to start your own free private city, and we may be set aside, if we have a large territory, an experimental field, I call it the freak zone, right, where maybe the anarcho-capitalist can prove that security works, but if I go to people, for example, and say a family is asking me, what about security, I say, well, you can, you can bring your own security, and you can choose your own law, will this be attractive for families and investors? Probably not, right, so, but if you can over time develop this insurance model maybe, at the moment, for example, I'm also hearing that, yeah, insurance companies will take care of that, no they won't, because they are not used to that model, they will maybe take care of that in 20 years from now, and I'm happy to help develop this industry, but at the moment, the best solution is the same as a cruise ship, or Disneyland does, they have their own private securities, they have not multiple securities, so the other questions will be when, if the host nation has a problem, isn't that also affecting us? Certainly, this is a risk, what we will do from the beginning is to have ties with the respective institutions from the first world, be it the World Bank or all that, so that we don't get into troubles that we, for example, offering financial products, which are forbidden everywhere else, so we have to make concessions in so far, I would keep them to a minimum, but our idea is to appear as a first world entity, and if we have contacts to the respective institutions and embassies, etc, then it's easier for us to show that we are not part of this banana republic, which is breaking all the international agreements they have signed, no, no, that, look, yeah, look, eventually yes, but it's privately financed, I don't know if people would really spend money on that, but the point is, it would be threatening if we say we will have an own flag and an own Olympic team in the beginning, so we are starting at the special economics on plus, under the sovereignty of the host nation, and our best sportsmen will be part of their Olympic team, over time that might develop into a Hong Kong, and over time that might develop into a Singapore, complete sovereignty, okay? Now from the ideological point of view, because not everybody understands the situation in Hong Kong, the free market in Hong Kong was introduced during, when Hong Kong was a British colony, in absolutely no democratic way, it was the governor of the Hong Kong who has done it. Now, just before returning of Hong Kong to China, the governor of Hong Kong tried to introduce democracy in Hong Kong, just to make troubles to China. China protested against turning Hong Kong a democracy, and now, and now there are the movements in Hong Kong who want more democracy, and what do they want? They want to have government-controlled prices, they want just a socialist, and China wants to stop democracy in Hong Kong, China wants to keep capitalism in Hong Kong, and this movement of umbrellas and so on, they want socialism. It's a strange situation, but it is as it is. Yeah, I have another anecdote that was in 1997, when there were already these negotiations about, or it was a little bit before, right? Negotiations about the turning over Hong Kong to China, and a couple of years earlier, the British governor wanted to introduce the British-based or British-style social security, and the Chinese communist said, you are not going to implement euro-socialism here and destroy Hong Kong. Because they want to have a more than a more than a capital city. Okay, my question is to Raheem. The initiative Taitis tells us about is a commercial approach to social change. It's a commercial entrepreneurial venture, and the Anzatic League and those sort of organizations also had, you could say it was commercially interest-driven, but entrepreneurship in the sense of facing uncertainty, being heroic in the sense at risk, might also be non-commercial. And I was interested in your thoughts about possible the merits of commercial adventures notwithstanding the merits of non-commercial entrepreneurship. Is this something worth thinking about? Yes, of course a lot of ventures, maybe not commercially oriented, but the problem with them is always that you're lacking the market part, and the market part is the disciplining part. It's weeding out the ventures that lead to structures which are not in the interest of other people. Now you could start a venture, a cultural scientific venture, which is only in your soul interest or in the interest of the generations afterwards, but then you should bear the cost in general for that. And of course it might still be a venture. I don't think you can overextend the idea of the non-commercial venture to the political sphere, as Schumpeter has talked about, the political entrepreneur. He's very much focused that the entrepreneurs could be political entrepreneurs, but I think it's much better to put it in more succinct terms, like Professor Hoppe would call them crooks, and I think that's usually what they are, because they might be fabulous ventures and great ideas, but if you make other people pay for those things, I wouldn't really call it a venture. The problem is, and you can only tell afterwards if something is of merit. In the beginning, every even commercial ventures are indistinguishable from foolish endeavors, because you don't know. And the things that look very foolish at the moment might turn out to be commercially viable, might turn out to be create advances for science, for art, and so on. So I think it needs some kind of discipline, and it's either the discipline by having skin in the game yourself, or it's a discipline of the market that corrects the kind of narcissistic materialization of your own ideas, but potentially at the expense of others, and it always means that there are a whole lot of potential ventures that cannot be realized, because you control the means that are lacking elsewhere, and that you won't ever see. So of course there can be great results of political entrepreneurship, but I think economics tells us that there's a whole lot of things that we don't see, all those ventures that could be there, but are not, because there's this great huge venture, which might have something positive to it, but we don't see the whole cost and the true cost of that. I'm afraid it's not connected to Hungary, but seeing as the conversation is basically about free cities at the moment, and about decentralization, I wondered if, as the premier historian here, Professor Stone would say whether he thinks that decentralization was an important part in what's been called the European miracle. Oh it's a good one. I've got my doubts about small city states, because if you look at what happened to them in Italy, there's a sort of pattern that, first of all, the people who are excluded, including a lot of migrants into these rich places, Florence, start causing a lot of trouble. So you have internal strife and then Montagues and Montecutes and Capulets fighting among themselves over Verona, and then they are not terribly defensible. I mean Venice was defensible because of Marshes, and Genoa to a large extent as well, but the others are not terribly defensible, and after a bit there's a noise from the nearest Alp, and it's Swiss mountaineers in a bad mood with knives, who will more or less wipe out these city states. This is a big problem with things like Magdeburg or Echt, you referred to. So I'm not as hopeful as all that. On the other hand it's certainly true that small in Europe was very beautiful. I mean if you look at the way in which England, France, Germany, each district is different, it's got different accents, different cooking. It is certainly very healthy to have that kind of thing, provided you can protect it. Thank you Professor Stone. This is certainly one of the other issues, the defensibility, and Prince Hans Adam of Liechtenstein has pointed out in his book The State in the Third Millennium that it is the military technology that is also one of the reasons why those medieval cities flourished, because you were capable of defending yourself behind big walls, even against larger armies, and it was not always successful, but it led to many of the, especially if the German independent city states to remain over a very long period of time. Maybe we will have another technological invention that is bringing now back the balance towards the defender versus the attacker. I don't know, but in any case I think Venice remained for 1100 years, right? So it's, I mean I'm not targeting 1100 years, but I would be happy if the idea would survive for 100 years, and I see for example Singapore is only capable of keeping their situation, at least it's what Lee Kuan Yew thinks, because they have a big army, and what happened, I think we need to address this point. When we're looking for free private cities, we are looking geographically, and we would prefer areas that can be defended more easily. That is very true. On the other hand you have cities like Monaco, which are basically impossible to defend because of their geographical situation, and they're still existing because they have diplomatically managed to go through all that. So I have hope that despite this is a problem, that if we can ally with bigger forces, like Raguza did, they paid tribute to the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, so they were left alone, then and they had an ally in them, and then you had the Hanseatic League, they tried to and the southern German city association, Süddeutsche Städtebund, they allied amongst each other. So I think there are answers to that question, that they are giving some hope. The issue of violence and defense and so on is a big topic and I feel, if you look historically, there's something which is disappearing, I would argue, and will be totally gone, particularly within let's say within the advanced arenas of world civilization and in places like Europe, Liechtenstein doesn't need an army, I'm sorry to say, and of course there is this kind of world of very uneven development and massive amount of backwardness, a lot to do with the tragedy of the colonies becoming independent under kind of socialist hegemony and they all start on the wrong foot and remain backward and couldn't develop and I think in terms of advanced civilization, also within a country, let's say this defense, I think development would make that more and more unnecessary to defense and I'm not sure if Singapore now needs a big army, I would question these notions and also in terms of police force, prisons and physical, monopoly of violence or establishing you, you know, you talked before that you, in terms of criminal justice and prisons and punishment and flogging and so on, I think this is outlandish to me in a civilized world, we still have a lot of violence in the Western societies but where is it coming from and I think this will wash out and in a free market society wouldn't exist, is unimaginable for any of us, we all live longer, we treasure our health, we would never consider physical violence as an option where we have our teeth kicked in or our legs broken, it's totally outlandish and it would be very soft ways of freezing your account or and the violence which is still in American cities and in the Western is purely the subsidizing of backwardness, it's 100% in my view is the welfare state which generates this violence where everybody else's violence is disappearing and on grow is disappearing and the strange thing is that the these kind of ghettos and a brutality of ganglands and ghettos and crime and violence is all a kind of post-60s, 70s, 80s kind of condition and was on the way out through the 20s, 30s, 40s, 50s so that would be something which is totally to disappear and I think on the on the world development level as well so I'm not sure if we have if that's an eternal condition part of the human condition kind of physical violence as a factor we would all be disciplined quickly enough by maybe by having our Google account frozen for a day brings us in line most of us with anything we'd ever want and we'll never resort to violence I mean that's why I find it a little bit kind of I'm maybe an optimist but on an historical perspective in non-issue anybody on this? Yeah, yeah Well I I think what's interesting is that the Germans indeed and the German and Austrian pretty close to that they show very low levels of violence and readiness for violence but on the other side they're very easy to rule and I think that's both parts of the same picture so I would not expect violence to disappear I think it's hidden to a large extent because it's so easy to extort money and to construct basically coercive systems without the need for violence which is not always a good sign so when of course migrants from from the Middle East are coming I don't think that they're inherently more evil people it's just a certain extent they are maybe far less easy to rule and does might might react and the counter reacting and we're seeing that that they react to the police force and you can't just call them out and stop and they just resist and so you need to be ready to increase the count of violence to cope with that so I'd rather predict that open or visible violence might increase a bit and I don't see it necessarily as a bad symptom just the kind of correction of an unsustainably low level of violence and I still hope for culture and I think large part of this is culturally the cultural evolution I think on the basis positive it's a very positive kind of evolution but I think the point where it's used for positive productivity has been surpassed and it's basically used to control a docile population which is domesticated and really easy to rule and does a lot of the protest the most productive people nowadays are captured inside these totalitarian system which extract a lot of the energy and intelligence for uses which are I think distortive and consumptive and destructive Well this is depending where you are Patrick I think if you are on a seastead with the selected crowd of libertarians yes probably no need to build a big force but pirates real pirates right so the one thing is true and it remains true in my view is the easiest way to increase your living standard is take away things from other people that's the easiest way right and if if you can use force and the other people are not really unwitting to use force it's even easier because you don't have to apply force you just threat make a threat and in so far I cannot afford as a as an entrepreneur that is offering security or guaranteeing security that I rely on that people will behave the right way right so I have to because especially if we are in a backwarded environment I mean and we will be successful and wealthy I mean we are number one target for people who just will come to steal and in so far we have to be prepared like you show a friendly face and carry a big stick and we are going to do that and over time we will see I mean eventually maybe the world will be so civilized that we don't need it but I'm not seeing that now it may happen I just got one more question for Titus you said that the majority of the income is going to be relied on setting land either freehold or leasehold what currency would the payment be settled in and what currency would your civil servant be paid in? Yeah, good question basically there won't be any currency that is mandatory for the residents to use but we have to define a currency in which the payments are made the fees are paid or the civil servants are paid so we would probably use a regional currency or one of the big currencies for that but I have thought about a clause that we could also switch to payment in gold right because if we say that there's a freehold currency that we are accepting payments in I mean this currency can basically be devaluated over a couple of months and then you have only this claim so a fallback would be inflation adjustment by any kind of formula or by by a provision that we can demand the payment in gold instead in practice I would say it would be one of the big currencies for example US dollar and but you can do amongst yourself whatever you want if there's a cryptocurrency coming up that is established all over the world I'm happy to switch to that but for you what you as residents would do it's free banking use whatever currency you want example of Zanzibar Zanzibar was independent for several years and was trying to build socialist and began to print money because it is swallowed by Tanganica that is Tanzania and the population began to use the silver talars edited by Maria Teresa in Austria but they used the Zanzibarian currency only for one aim to pay taxes to the government yeah that's in a way also the case here right I just a point I may be wrong but I heard the IMF does not allow members to use gold as currency and you mentioned applying to you know first world organizations like the World Bank and would you then not apply to the IMF or no we wouldn't be a member right we would basically ride on the back of our host nation but we since we have the right this is a special zone I mean if they're making problems to us we will see but I would say this is only back up because but I'm relatively sure we can figure out a way around that so just a question for Patrick so how do you envision the transition to de-statizing or privatizing public spaces the way all the privatizations have been happening whether it's a postal service or television it's you put out tenders and you look at bits and you go by the economic most viable bit and I think it will be fascinating to and if they're overbid and somebody else picks up and I'm it was add to something this and I think transformations which some of the cities should go through would be much accelerated I'm working at the moment on something I called Walkable London and a kind of heavy pedestrianization project and individually I've talked to various entrepreneurs and the counselors and people there they would love a lot of the streets would love that and the and those people who live on the streets would be happy to do to see that and that ties and beautifully I think with this it would be a tendering process yeah I have a question to the to the Eastern European countries and their situation Hungary or Poland concerning migration issues and their force to stay independent can we elaborate on this in a way predicting the future about the tensions within the EU and and can we there or can somebody of you dare a prognosis of how these tensions might end up sovereignty which is a strong defendable issue still for quite freely or newly independent countries and their tension within the European unity well it is very difficult to see the future when there are different complots made by by different groups of groups of people there is no natural processes here and well I I hate the present present Polish government they are there are the Democrats who are against the rule of laws I prefer to be protected by by the laws and by the majority but but now they have seen what they have done signing the Treaty of Lisbon and and they're now realizing my recipe I five years ago six years ago when I was asked what to do when to get out the European Union I said we don't have to get out we should behave in such a way that they should start to kick us off of the European Union and they are doing exactly exactly what I was doing but there is today today Mr. Aselrod the Prime Minister of Foreign Affairs of Luxembourg I told you Luxembourg Belgium and Germany they are the most and and he said that if Poland will behave this way so the Poland should be out of European Union but there's a problem the Treaty of Lisbon doesn't have any any way to to get rid of of the countries impossible theoretically theoretically so I don't know what will they do with this because because it is formally impossible so Polish government should ask for it by surely they don't want to because I must tell you the Poles are the nation which is more the most pro-European from all the all the countries so if if our this part of the opening that they want to get out of European Union they would lose the power so they cannot say it they only say we demand our national rights and so on and so on and so on and they wait for European Union to kick to kick the Poland Poland off which is impossible so I cannot predict what will happen situation is absurd and everything is possible for example there was there was a law if European Union that European Union cannot punish a country to punish a country they will have the no no Liberum veto only one country can veto such a decision so there was sure that Hungary because Poland and Hungary are always friends the Hungary will veto it and there will be nothing so they have invented that they have they assume both Poland and Hungary and then both will be excluded for the voting and no veto which of course it is against against the letter of law but everything is possible in European Union because all the laws are incomprehensives they are they are complicated and and nobody understands anything so they will say that it is okay and that's all I cannot tell you what will happen I am sorry it is easier to see what will be done in 200 years with with the climate but I cannot tell what will be with the weather tomorrow and with with the European Union after after two weeks just as a follow-up to that previous inquiry what do you see in terms of the Visigrad group as acting as a a counter block within the EU either for security or as defense against the the EU and its overtures it is the the question is not properly posed we cannot act against EU because we are the part of EU so you cannot pose a question this way it is like like say the the Cornways acted against United Kingdom it is impossible so Polish Polish government is not united there are different factions in the ruling party and there is very attack of the ruling person in party with Mr Kaczynski who is only member of parliament he is neither minister nor prime minister or anything not a president and they say it is an absolute situation I said no during communist time there was a first secretary was only member of of parliament he was neither prime minister nor not the prime minister he was ruling and exactly the same is Mr Kaczynski who is who is who is the president of the ruling party and he is just a a simple so I cannot cannot tell I cannot answer answer that question I really don't know the golden rule in Poland is just try to do what you think it is rational now and don't think about the future because I cannot tell you I'm sorry


Hey, it's Monday night once again. It's Monday night and here we are again at voiceover body shop and Yes, George and I are standing. We're not in the studio. We're outside the studio. We're actually in my backyard You never know it. Would you it's always a perfect sunset back here and Thanks for everybody who was able to show up tonight in person. It's so special to have you guys This is our first inaugural live concert Series yeah, first long in a series because now Dan and Marcy know we're gonna do more of these This is the officially the Dan and Marcy Leonard Foundation for better webcasting auditorium That's a long name. Do you have an acronym for that? It's the arena. That's it All right It's an arena show at last. Yes, thousands of people watching tonight. Anyway, we've got a live concert tonight and with solely Kanto and they'll be playing in just a little bit and Talk a little bit about how we get this all this done because we know you're watching all over the place So stay tuned. We'll be right back and get the show on the road two men Twin sons from different mothers with a passion for voiceover recording technology and the desire to make recording easy for voice actors everywhere together in one place George Whidham the home studio engineer to the stars a Virginia Tech grad with an unmatched knowledge of all the latest gear and technology in voiceover today Dan Leonard the home studio master a voice actor with over 30 years experience in Broadcasting and recording and a no-holds-barred myth-busting attitude for teaching you how easy it is together to bring you all the latest technology today's voiceover superstars and Leading the discussion on how to make the most of your voiceover business This is voiceover body shop Voiceover body shop is brought to you by voiceover essentials calm home of Harlan Hogan signature products Source elements remote connections made even easier Vio to go go calm Everything you need to be a successful voiceover artist J. Michael Collins demos award-winning demo production voice actor websites calm where your voiceover website won't be a pain in the butt and voiceover extra your daily resource for Vio success and Now live from their super secret multimedia studio in Sherman Oaks, California Here are George Whidham and Dan Leonard All right Well, hi there, I'm Dan Leonard and I'm George Whidham and this is voiceover body shop or Vio BS Yeah, I don't queue. It's like you guys watch the show or something. Yeah, I know we've got quite a spread of people here It's interesting to you know, it's interesting, you know to try and put on an event in Los Angeles because People find excuses not to come well There's a lot competing for people's attention in Los Angeles. That's true one of them is the election tomorrow I think I think everybody is so obsessed with the news coverage of that of what hasn't happened yet But we don't have any political ads on this. I know this is the only place you're gonna find not find them So exactly this is refreshing. Yes, so tell your friends turn off the friggin news and watch what we're doing here This is way more fun. This is gonna be a great show tonight. We've got Rosie and Brian and Alisa Amador from solely contour playing tonight flew in from Boston yesterday Yeah, just for us. Yeah, just to be in my backyard Actually, they're doing a West Coast a West Coast tour. Yeah Santa Cruz, then they're playing in Encina Which is like around the corner from here Anyway So, what does it take to put on something like this? You know, we We started planning this about a month ago. I said, hey, we're gonna do a live concert in the backyard And you and I stood back here. How are we gonna do this? We were like, what about the grapefruit tree? Won't be able to see around the grapefruit tree. Yeah, we thought of all different places We could put the stage and how we're gonna orient it, right? And then it was how are we gonna bring what's happening here to what's going on all the way into our studio Which is about 50 feet away, right? And that was the next challenge and we took care of that. Thanks Yeah, we're keeping it simple tonight. We're gonna have one other camera at some point We might rove around with but one camera on sticks and it seems to be working nicely Yeah, and then we brought the sound mixer that we used in studio that has all sorts of fun processing This is the controller. This is how he controls the sound for the mixer right here I'm mixing the sound for what you guys hear on the air But everybody here out here hears and what this monitor speaker in front of me Plays back for the band so three different mixes at the same time and then we have Our lighting which was set up by Yeah, which came out really nice Dan put a huge effort into putting up a huge green screen So the whole back is actually we're actually on the beach in Santa. Oh, I'm sorry. Wait a minute. I Theater of the mind sorry about that Yes, did you hear the ocean? Yeah, and then it was just gathering all of our cables mic stands and putting together a System here and I think it's working. It is don't try this at home Oh I am at home. Yeah, we are trying this at home. We're doing it. So you don't have to yeah, but we're gonna have some great music tonight and And and a bit of a party and people are starting to wander in here, which is really cool Yeah, and it's a happening. So come on down unless you're in Des Moines Yeah, or unless you're on the 405 point the wrong direction. I'm sorry 101 or at the intersection But anyway We've got lots of great stuff coming up over the next couple of weeks Next weekend is WoW Ocon. Oh, yeah, which is gonna be a lot of fun and Joe Davis Okay, cool in person. He's gonna drive back. He's driving back from Vegas with me Awesome to be on here one of the best webmasters out there and of course one of the sponsors of our show Yeah, so I guess it's only fair that you get on every day and We have an interview with Jonathan Tilley coming up and Roy Samuelson who's a big-time voice actor here in a couple of weeks and We got lots of cool stuff coming up And we want to make sure that you guys are tuning in every Monday night Or at least you can watch the show on replay on YouTube or on Facebook. Yeah, and But we also have some other surprises We do it's not just solely content because we got to give them a break at some point right so we will we have a Way to fix that to fill the time People can go out and drink that they're not gonna want to Anyway, so why don't we get the show on the road? We'll be right back with solely conto right after these messages You're watching v obs dot TV. I don't know why it's crazy what they do here I think I'm gonna go somewhere else and have a cheese sandwich Hey, all right, we got a concert coming up here, but first Let me ask you something How do you think about your voice over career? You're frustrated with your lack of success wishing you had more auditions and bookings and making more money. Well We all have thoughts like I'm not good enough to be doing this professionally. I'm just faking it I need to join the union as soon as I can. I'm too old and can't get booked I can't get started until everything is perfect. How many how often do we hear that one? I hate auditioning because I never book anything Sound familiar. Well, if only you could change your mindset and get rid of these ridiculous rules Well, Vio to go goes David H. Lawrence the 17th has just what you need He's completed a 21-day journey with nearly 100 voice over and on camera talent just like you Called believe 2018 and he recorded every single session meaning you can take this journey now at the pace you want and Change things for the better get the success you deserve by destroying your limiting beliefs and replacing them with powerful productive enabling beliefs and Do so on your own schedule Here's the link go to to get the 25 hours of video and audio the daily chat logs and more and begin your own journey The link is vo to go go comm forward slash Believe that's vo to go go comm forward slash believe it's ridiculously cheap and it's ridiculously effective once again Vio to go go comm forward slash believe As a voice talent you have to have a website But what a hassle getting someone to do it for you and when they finally do a break or don't look right on mobile devices They're not built for marketing and SEO. They're expensive You have limited or no control and it takes forever to get one built and go live So what's the best way to get you online in no time? Go to voice actor websites comm like our name implies voice actor websites comm just does websites for voice actors We believe in creating fast mobile friendly responsive highly functional designs that are easy to read and easy to use You have full control no need to hire someone every time you want to make a change and our upfront pricing means you know Exactly what your costs are ahead of time you can get your voice over website going for as little as $700 so if you watch your voice actor website without the hassle of complexity and dealing with too many options Go to voice actor websites comm where your VO website shouldn't be a pain in the you know what? And without any further ado There's a live concert with sully Kanto Thank you, much.  We're so happy to be here. Thank you to each and every one of you for coming There are thousands of people here you guys And we'd like to thank Dan for inviting us to his beach beachfront bungalow. I mean, you know, we came from Boston Okay, it's cold, but this is amazing Palmeiras there's palm trees here and everything. I know you guys you have to use your bed or whatever right there on the street What amazes me is it's sunset and it never gets any darker. How do they do that? Okay, we're gonna start up with a song by Cuban duo called duo karma and this call this song is called ayuda me a mirar By so chill galan molinette it tells of someone seeing the sea for the first time Little piece of sea that consoles me little piece of sea kissing this the shore I never imagined this intensity of blues that blinds me. Help me to see Mirar No pude imaginar me que existiera Intensidad de azules que me siegan ayuda me a mirar Mencidad Ayúdame a mirar De tierra dentro soy de las maderas no pude imaginar me que existiera Intensidad de azules que me siegan ayuda me a mirar Ayúdame a mirar Ayúdame a mirar Ayúdame a mirar Gracias. Thank you so much. So here in our live audience we have some individuals who are behind a Thing of light and I would love it for you to move over so you can see I would yeah I insist on it and I say you move por favor so that you can all enjoy the show because we have plenty of space here Okay, so Vamos a seguir. We're gonna do actually another song from Cuba given the palm trees This one is by The music is by Pablo Milan is many of us from Puerto Rico that's where I'm from a very familiar and we have some Boric was aquí present this we have some other fellow Puerto Ricans here Know the music of Pablo Milan is maybe some of you do too. I don't know maybe my friend Naomi who lived with me for many years This evening and the lyrics the poetry is by Nicolás Guillen a famous Cuban poet It's called can see on and it says in such a Quiet way your smile gets under my skin as if it were the springtime and I was dying I'll settle the way in which you poured on my shirt all of April's flowers How spiritual that you should offer me a rose from your favorite rose garden?  This one is as of yet not recorded. Well, not on a CD. Not on a CD. It is recorded but that's a whole other matter. The song is inspired by a movie that Rosie and I watched several years ago that takes place on the Camino de Santiago in northern Spain And the song is Buen Camino, Good Path. It says good path, good detour, good stumble and good recovery, good injury, good remedy, good failure and good redemption. The road is your destiny. The road is yours, nothing more nor less. If you see me, greet me in passing and good redemption. Buen Camino, Buen Despion, Buen Tropiezo, Buen Recuperacion, Buen Herida, Buen Remedio, Buen Fracaso y Buen Redencio. Buen Conflicto, Buen Reconciliacion, Buen Descanso, La Lucha y Buen Aceptacion. Buen Camino, Buen Destino. Buen Tropiezo, Buen Recuperacion, Buen Herida, Buen Remedio, Buen Reconciliacion, Buen Redencio. Buen Reconciliacion, Buen Redencio. Thank you very much. This is a classic from Cuba by Osvaldo Farrés. It's called Quizás, Quizás, Quizás, made famous in this country as perhaps, perhaps, perhaps by Nat King Cole. If you know it, sing along. That goes for the studio audience. That goes for the live audience. That goes for the non-live audience. You know what I'm saying, right? Can't speak English today. A little bit. Quizás, quizás, quizás, quizás. Y así pasan los días, y yo desesperando, y tú, tú contestando, quizás, quizás, quizás. Estás perdiendo el tiempo pensando, pensando. Por lo que más tú quieras, hasta cuándo, hasta cuándo. Y así pasan los días, y yo desesperando, y tú, tú contestando, quizás, quizás, quizás. You wanted me to love me. Perhaps, perhaps, perhaps.  If you can make your mind up, we'll never get started. Mind up, being parted, broken-hearted. So if you really love me, say yes. Say yes, but if you don't, dear, come fast, and please don't tell me. Perhaps, perhaps, perhaps. Quizás, quizás, quizás, quizás, quizás, quizás, quizás, quizás, quizás. If you can make your mind up, we'll never get started. And I don't want it broken-hearted. So if you really love me, say yes. Say yes, but if you don't, dear, come fast, and please don't tell me. Perhaps, perhaps, perhaps. Quizás, quizás, quizás, quizás. Thank you very much. So from, wow, we shooed, we did a lot from Cuba, our Cuban influence, we're going to move to Venezuela. This is a song we've been doing for some time that we fell in love with years ago called Tonada de Luna Llena by Simón Díaz from Venezuela. Simón Díaz was sort of like the Pete Seeger of Venezuela. No. Pete Seeger is like the Simón Díaz of the United States. That's it. Simón was a rescuer of folkloric traditions, an amazing composer. He had a TV show for many years, and he really was sort of like the uncle to everyone in Venezuela, Venezuela at one point. And the Tonada is a style of music that's sung by the cowboys on the plains of Venezuela as they milk their cows. It calms them, and apparently they produce more milk that way. So this is a style, it's in that style, and it's a little bit surreal. It says, I saw a blue heron doing battle with the river. That's how my heart fell in love with yours.  The moon is watching me. I don't know what it sees. My clothes are clean. I washed them yesterday. Full moon, full moon waning. That's how my heart fell in love with yours. I saw a blue heron doing battle with the river. That's how my heart fell in love with yours. That's how my heart fell in love with yours. Your heart fell in love with mine.  The moon is watching me. I don't know what it sees. My clothes are clean. My clothes are clean. I saw a blue heron doing battle with the river. Full moon, full moon waning. That's how my heart fell in love with yours. I saw a blue heron doing battle with the river. That's how my heart fell in love with yours. Your heart fell in love with mine. Thank you. Thank you so much. Donada de Luna Diana. Isn't that beautiful? So beautiful. Cool arrangement by Brian, by the way. Yeah. That's on our second to last CD, which we just happened to have with us in the little tiendita, the little store right behind Marcy with other cool things like some of the beautiful bilingual children's audio books that we have recorded over the years, that we've had the honor and pleasure of recording many of them with music compositions and playing, mostly guitar and other things by Brian. So we would like to do something to honor some of our friends from Puerto Rico who are here, and because I'm from Puerto Rico and as you know, the donations this evening, partial proceeds are going to be going to Puerto Rico, in particular to the town of Morovis in Puerto Rico where we have a very dear friend who in fact is a documentary maker. She's in the biz and she has made it her mission to help the people of Morovis, many of whom are still without electricity and running water. So little by little the money that we've been sending. But they have lots of paper towels. There's that. But unfortunately that doesn't turn the lights on. So thank you for donating this evening. And for any of you who are watching, we are gladly accepting still donations to Santo Morovis and the information is right there. Oh, except the tiniest spelled wrong. Tiniest with a Y. It's tiny. Oh, she immediately took it off. Got the hook. tinyurl.com and whatever the heck it says. Did I say heck? Yeah, I said heck. I was checking my language there. Rosie, this is network TV. So we're going to do a beautiful song from Puerto Rico. It's sort of the unofficial national anthem of Puerto Rico. It's called Verde luz by Antonio Cabanvale. Green light. Very emotional song. Just after the hurricane in Boston. Green light of mountains and sea. When I am absent from your beat, your beautiful beaches and your whispering palms, I want to return. I want to see your sky free and your star alone. Now Puerto Rico. Green light of mountains and sea. And the river of the coral. When I am absent from your beautiful beaches and your whispering palms, I want to return. I want to see your sky free and your star alone. I want to see your sky free and your star alone. Now Puerto Rico. Green light of mountains and sea. When I am absent from your beautiful beaches and your whispering palms, I want to return. I want to see your sky free and your star alone. Now Puerto Rico. Green light of mountains and sea. Green light of mountains and sea. And the river of the coral. When I am absent from your beautiful beaches and your whispering palms, I want to return. I want to return. I want to return. I want to see your sky free and your star alone. And the river of the coral. I want to see your sky free and your star alone. And the river of the coral. Green light of mountains and sea. The Genius. And I am absent from your beautiful beaches and your star alone. And I want to return. I want to see your sky free and your star alone. I want to return. I want to return. prolifically and we're really excited to share some of her music with us and it's kind of turned around now we get to harmonize with her it's so beautiful I also want everybody to know because I'm very proud of this I am a proud mommy yes that yesterday Saturday we did a full day workshop in Boston with Scott Parkin who many of you know out there and he was fantastic he coached us on the real conversational read and we did a lot of improv and Alisa was there and she she did great so round of applause for Alisa thank you my mother wins a plus for encouragement well I hope you'll all of you beach goers out there well um forgive my my attire even though I am from Boston I get cold so easily that my body's in shock um so here's the song called blood beats it's a song that I wrote in my room in Cambridge looking out the window and thinking about how the wild weather of Boston can be such a metaphor all the time for what's going on on the inside and Alisa was telling me today if I lived here I never would have written this song I never would have written it it's like I look out the window it's sunny the next day I look out the window it's sunny you know what am I going to write about but I'll have I'll have you know this song is not just about the weather so I hope you listen closely and I hope it takes you on a loving journey also do I have something in my teeth I feel like there's something oh okay that's good well you let me know okay it's funny how windows are mirrors to all that is outside and all that is in and mirrors can become a window when you take a moment to look at your skin well outside the snow is a tumbling glow of commotion behind this wall is a thundering cold to embrace all the chaos within centuries of wisdom can make you so blind your blood beats the rhythm to the answers you'll find all of the years let them pass on and all of the years let them pass through and all of the love left out in the cold it's funny how thoughts turn to truth when you give them the time and the space that they need and truths are just products of thoughts be they good or they bad it's the truth that they feed all of this mist trapped inside of your chest it's emotion locked in this brain is a quiet refrain to embrace all the chaos within centuries of wisdom can make you so blind your blood beats the rhythm to the answers you'll find all of the years let them pass on and all of the fears let them pass through and all of the love left out in the cold let them go and all of the fears let them pass through and all left out in the cold Rosy, Brian, Amado, what an honor. That's my little girl. So here's a song I wrote in Spanish called Palomita which and it means two things as I was reminded one day when I pop quiz to the audience what does Palomita mean and people were like little pigeon and then one little girl was like popcorn and I was like you're right you're not wrong Palomitas de maíz are popcorn yeah yeah so but this song is not really about popcorn I wish it were about popcorn but it was about when I when I moved to I lived in Argentina and when I first started living there yeah I did not have friends I mean I didn't know anybody so the only living thing I got to dialogue with well it wasn't a dialogue I guess I talked to it were the pigeons that lived in my window they nested in my window and my host mother would come into my room and see the pigeons like they're in the window and she'd be like Nana you have to hit the window like this so that the birds fly away and I'd be like no no no that's my friend don't don't kick him out so this song starts addressed to the pigeon little pigeon little gray pigeon you don't explain to me why I'm here and the stars they don't tell me the stories that they used to of love war and peace these days I get lost in myself and words are just a false smile and from this southern continent with winter in its womb and these rains that never stop I ask you to take the way the memories of the mornings and the apples and the light from your window and I have the tremendous honor of having Rossi Ibrahim Amador harmonizing with me again so those days las palabras una falsa sonrisa y desde el sur del continente con invierno en el vientre y las lluvias sin parar tus ojos tu pelo el olor de tu cuello la luz por tu ventana no sabía que al caminar a tu lado me iba a enamorar que una sonrisa te puede marear las estrellas nos contaron mas nuestra historia tenía un final el silencio te puede matar en estos días me pierdo en mí misma y las palabras son una falsa sonrisa y desde el sur del continente con invierno en el vientre y las lluvias sin parar llévate, llévate, ansana tus ojos tu pelo el olor de tu cuello la luz tus ojos tu pelo el olor de tu cuello la luz this is so cool this is my first time playing in los angeles actually she played when she was about four but she doesn't remember it yeah and by play he means like playing with my brother oh yeah but you were singing on stage with us you just weren't playing guitar yet yeah okay you're right you're right no i think there were eight right seven seven right yeah at the getty oh so i played at the getty yeah she's played at the getty so you've been playing in in la for 14 years already this is just your success this is my encore performance oh so well it's such an honor to get to play with these incredible musicians who raised me and taught me how to do this thing and it's also such an honor to perform in front of all of you people who i didn't know and now now i do and now you do it's so awesome how music can do that and community thank you so much dan and george for putting this together this is a happy breakup song called never seem to last and uh those are the lyrics that i invite you to sing with me the chorus goes like this it goes like this never never never seem to last never never never seem to last never never never seem to last never never never seem to last yes beautiful sherman hoax people i love your voices please celebrate all of the viscerality of youthful breakups or anything that makes you angry there are so many things i imagine through this song here we go and it's been a long long time since i thought of you it's been a long long time like a day or two you're always on my mind don't know what to do it's been a long long time since i thought of you oh i'm always lonely it's a part of me i don't need anybody's help with that you say that you want me do anything for me but that ain't the same as having my back it's been a long long time since i been at home it's been a long long time all the plans have grown it's been a long long time that i lived in LA it's been a long long time since i been at home i'm always lonely it's a part of me i don't need anybody's help with that you say that you want me do anything but that ain't the same as having my eyes and turns to past i'm tired never never never seem to last they never never never seem to last they never never never seem to last never never seem to last keep it going never never seem to last they never ever seem to last they never ever seem to last never i quite a single tear and i'm through never never ever seem to last never ever seem to last if i don't need anybody's help with that you say but that ain't the same as having having my back you will see as it turns to past never never never seem to last but i'm never oh he never never seem to last they never never never seem to last they never never never I Incredible audience So anyway, we're gonna Make a little bit of a change of pace here something you probably weren't expecting a country song I I grew up in a very interesting and bizarre place called Albuquerque, New Mexico And One thing about New Mexico is you know, there's this blend of cultures there. It's it's kind of Hispanic It's kind of Anglo and it's a little bit country So one day I was sitting around and I looked in this dark dusty corner of my mind And I saw a country singer there and he gave me this song. It's called Carve my initials in the tree of life I would like to dedicate this song to the closest thing I have to a sister who is Penny Gregor right over here I've known her since we were both little young ins and So this is for you, Penn Yeah I'm not gonna live forever That is one thing that I know Someday I'll be fertilizer Or to make some green things grow I'm not gonna live forever But there's one thing I can see I am gonna Do some living Long before They bury me I'm gonna Carve my initials in the tree of life Leave a little thing that I know I'm gonna get back up, keep on drinking from the loving cup Carve my initials in the cosmic tree Leave a heart that says you plus me won't give up without a fuss Make them sure they will remember You're not gonna live forever That is one thing that's for sure Because we're here but for a moment And for that there ain't no cure You're not gonna think you must do Just be sure to do some living Long before You've got to Carve your initials in the tree of life Keep on living till the day you die When you fall you gotta get back up Keep on drinking from the loving cup Carve our initials in the cosmic tree Leave a heart that says you plus me Won't give up without a fuss Make them sure they will remember Carve my initials in the tree of life Keep on living till the day we die When we fall you gotta get back up Keep on drinking from the loving cup Carve our initials in the cosmic tree Leave a heart that says you plus me Won't give up without a fuss Make them sure they will remember us Carve my initials And now for a total change of pace Another song that actually very reminiscent of New Mexico Some years ago I wrote a suite for our full-sex tet Plus a string quartet And it's all about food It's called Savori Memoria A musical feast in seven courses And this is one of the movement's Son's string quartet, of course That's right And I just want to mention that we are very grateful to say That we had a crowdfunding campaign And I would say about 80% of it was funded By all of our voice-over friends and colleagues Some of you are right here Who helped us fund Savori Memoria So thank you And thank you to those who are out there Who helped fund it, along with our family Because it wouldn't exist without that Actually, yes And we actually happen to have a recording of it here If you're interested It has either a CD or a DVD The DVD has wonderful photo montages That accompany all the music So I highly recommend it And I also would like to dedicate this song When we launched the fundraising campaign The very first person to give us a donation Was Mr. Dan Leonard That's right Did you know that?   Can you accept the things they're doing in your name? Is it right to rip a mother from her child for the crime of asking for asylum?  Well, we're gonna take a little break here now. Yeah. Well, hello there. I bet you weren't expecting to hear some big-voiced announcer guy on your new orientation training for Snapchat, were you? This is Virgin Radio. Well, okay, we're not that innocent. There's jeans for wearing and there's jeans for working. Dickies.  She's a champion of progressive values, a leader for California, and a voice for America. It's smart. It's a phone. It's a smart phone. But it's so much more. It's a- the files are ready. Don't forget to pick up the eggs. What time is hockey practice? Check out this song. It's the end of the road for Rick. Just you and me, Rick. When hope is lost. The I-8 from BMW. Who said saving the planet couldn't be stylish? Hey, it's J. Michael Collins.  I think they speak for themselves. But I will give you my email. It's jmichael at jmcoysover.com. Now, if Daniel stop waxing his mustache for a minute, we'll get back to the show. Hey, everybody. This is George Wittem, and I want to tell you about one of our wonderful sponsors. And that is Source Elements. They're the creators of Source Connect. So if you need to connect your voiceover studio with other studios around the world, this is the tool for you. This is the one you want to have available to you in your studio. It is absolutely the industry standard now. It's taken over. It's taken over momentum from ISDN as ISDN has become so expensive to purchase and basically unavailable. And now you can stream real-time and very high quality to studios anywhere. It's the one you want to have if you're playing a bigger game, competing at a higher level, and a lot of agents these days demand it, that you have to have it. So you can get a 15-day free trial of Source Connect Standard over at Source-Elements.com.  You don't even have to have an iLok key to use it. Okay, we'll be right back here in just a few minutes with more entertainment right here at VOBS. Thanks for watching. Consult with someone who knows the truth, someone who's been there in the trenches doing voiceover for over 30 years, someone with unparalleled experience with voiceover studios, who's worked with hundreds of voice actors and designed hundreds of personal studios. He knows how to teach and cares about your success. In one of the harshest environments known to voiceover, your home. Dan Leonard, the Home Studio Master. Separate myth from fact and get a handle on your personal voiceover studio. Contact the Home Studio Master at homevoiceoverstudio.com Your dynamic voiceover career requires extra resources to keep moving ahead. Now there's one place where you can explore everything the voiceover industry has to offer. That place is voiceoverextra.com. Whether you're just exploring a voiceover career or a seasoned veteran ready to reach that next professional level, stay in touch with market trends, coaching, products and services while avoiding scams and other pitfalls. Voiceoverextra has hundreds of articles, free resources and training that will save you time and help you succeed. Learn from the most respected talents, coaches and industry insiders when you join the online sessions bringing you the most current information on topics like audio books, auditioning, casting, Home Studio setup and equipment, marketing, performance techniques and much more. It's time to hit your one stop daily resource for voiceover success. Sign up for a free subscription to newsletters and reports and get 14 bonus reports on how to ace the voiceover audition. It's all here at voiceoverextra.com. That's voiceoverextra.com. Hey everybody. Where's everybody going? We still got more to play here. For those of you wondering, Marci and I like to come across as the Yucca Lennards. Soleil Contour will be back out in just a couple of minutes, but we've been rehearsing this all week, so you might as well sit down and listen in here for a second. I feel so bad I gotta worry in my mind. I'm so lonesome all of the time. Since I left my baby behind on Blue by You. Saving nickels, saving dimes, playing till the sun don't shine. Looking forward to happier times on Blue by You. I'm going back someday. Come what may to Blue by You. Where the folks are fine and the world is mine on Blue by You. Where the catfish play, play all day. If I could only see, see that familiar sunrise with be eyes. How happy I'd be, gonna see my baby again. Gonna be with all my my friends. Maybe I'll be happy then on Blue by You. I'm going back someday. Come what may to Blue by You. Where you sleep all day and the catfish play on. With that girl of mine by my side. The silver moon and the evening time. Some sweet day gonna take away this hurtin' inside. Well I'll never be Blue, my dreams come. And now my wife, Marcy, we're playing on her ukulele. The other half of the ukulele nerds and I'm using this opportunity for some shameless self-promotion. Which is the point of our show by the way. So you know of my house for the studio and you know now for the outdoor arena. But you don't know about the sweatshop. And this past weekend, this was the sweatshop. Actually, Denny was here for the sweatshop. And I have started creating this little product. It's called Natural Nonsense number 420. We did our production run this week.  So natural nonsense. And N-O-N-S-C-E-N-T-S. www.naturalnonsense.com. Hopefully you will be seeing it everywhere. So this is a new venture for me. I have done lots of things that people expected me to do my whole life. And now I'm doing something that is totally unexpected and selling in the cannabis industry. And it's making California ever so much better for me. It's making California great again. So for me it's making it great. So this is kind of like my new little personal anthem. Sounds like I'm out of tune. Oh well. I can see clearly now the rain is gone. How many of you saw Mighty Wind? Great movie. Now you're going to really want to see it. First off, Scott Parkin, if you're watching, thank you. The important thing was to note that he said, Never play with somebody who's better than you before you.  You can't do it once it's in our house. That's us. That's us. The ones that are there for the comic relief. This is a song by Michael McCain and Eugene Levy that we love to sing together. When the veil of dreams has lifted And the fairy tales have all been told There's a kiss at the end of the rainbow More precious than a pot of gold In days of ancient glory Every night and made in fair Shall be joined when the quest is over And the kiss is the oath that they share And when the veil of dreams has lifted And the fairy tales have all been told There's a kiss at the end of the rainbow More precious than a pot of gold Your so far shin of tears, Steve The veil of dreams has lifted And the fairy tales have all been told There's a kiss at the end of the rainbow More precious than a pot of gold Your kiss There's a kiss at the end of the rainbow More precious than a pot of gold You said we need to play things upbeat Cause she was crying for the last two songs This is just the thing, this is a cumbia It's a rhythm from Colombia But it's popular all over Latin America And this one is, it's one I wrote recently It's called Epidemia de Soledad Which means epidemic of loneliness Yes, it's a cheery little ditty They say there's an epidemic, a real plague That people are dying of loneliness More damaging than tobacco, more damaging than alcohol It's like a thorn in the heart Oh, doctor, what can you give me to take away this pain? Oh, pain, what can I take to feel better? And then Dr. Rosie says, you know, No, you're not alone in your loneliness Your problem is more common every day I see it all the time There are many remedies you can try None of them are perfect, but they might help A little, a good meal, a dose of laughter Calling up a friend and going out for a walk A Zumba class, doing yoga or meditating Your partner and dancing a cumbia We have the solution We have the remedy Y dice Disque en que yo Epidemia Una plaga de verdad Que la gente está muriendo De soledad More damaging than tobacco More damaging than alcohol It's like a thorn in the heart Oh, doctor, what can you give me to take away this pain? Oh, pain, pain, pain, pain Oh, pain, what can I take to feel better?   No way! Sometimes you can't explain the source of a tradition, but this one has appeal and sort of retribution.  What are you expecting on a Monday night, was it? Alrighty, well, thanks for being with us tonight. We have to, of course, thank our sponsors, like Harlan Hogan's Voice Over Essentials, Voice Actor websites, J. Michael Collins' demos. Who else are we forgetting in there? Sarce Elements, vodogogo.com, forward slash. And of course, the Dan and Marcy Leonard Foundation for Better Webgasting. Thanks for coming tonight. I know we're a little later than we usually are, but thanks for coming. We'll be back next week with Joe Davis. So have yourselves a great night, everybody. We'll see you next Monday night. I'm Dan Leonard. And I am George Whitom. And this is VOBS. Good night.


Okay, so we'll start off by installing the Chai HTTP extension, importing it into our test code. So just as before we need to import Chai and then we need Chai HTTP until Chai to use this module and then import our server file. So this is very similar to before, it's just that we additionally include our HTTP dependency. And then we write a test. Tests look fairly similar to before, so we have this describe to set up a test suite and we have it to describe a single test. And then we use the same Chai expect as we had before, but now we use different methods that help us to make a request. So we have test suites and tests as we did before. Then we can use Chai HTTP to run a request. So you see here it says Chai.request, the URL.get, which path we want to address and then .end sends the request. And in this .end we wait for a response and then we do our search. So for example we can say the response should have status code 200, the get request should have been successful. Once requests are asynchronous, so they may take some time, we have to use this done function, otherwise your tests will always pass and you will not realize that something went wrong. So that's very important. Let's try this. As I said we'll go into this basic express application we had before, we have to get endpoints slash and slash test. Both of them return 200 and a text message in the first case and a JSON object in the second one and we'll just try to test it. Now of course there's not much logic here so there's not much to test, but it's a good starting point. So I'll just copy some code from my slides. We need the HTTP module. So we tell node to import that and then we tell chai to use it. Then we import our express application and we write a test. And as on the slides we can do chai.request, then we need the URL, then we say we want to do a get request and here's the path to slash and then we send it. And now in here we have to have a callback function and now I can test my response here. So I can say expect response to have status 200. And as I said before if I run this without done it will probably just pass so we have to include the done statement here to tell chai that only now the test is completed. Let's quickly check whether I've done everything that's in here. This looks reasonable and now we can run our test. So we can do slash node modules mocha bin mocha and then run the test and you see that it passes. And as I discussed in the other testing lectures when you have a passing test always check that you can actually fail it. So if I do for example 201 here the test should not pass and you see that it fails. So this means that the test is doing something. We can similarly check if I would forget the done statement here then our test would pass but if I now change something it would probably still pass. Now I get an error okay. But the test itself actually still passes so test passes and then I get an exception. So be careful with that you always try to actually break your tests so that you see that the testing framework works. Okay so this is what we can do. There are a number of other options we'll look into that later. Let's write a second test for our second endpoint. So the second endpoint also returns 200 so we could check for that. So now we go through to the other URL and have status and you see that it runs as well. And same as before if I change the status code to anything else it will fail. The same works with other methods so assume that I change this get request into a post request I return the same stuff then I can instead of get I can just write post here and unless I've forgotten something this is just as well wrong. It says get here because of the string up here so I would have to change that. So this works just as well. So this is sort of the first test we have done it's not very useful yet it just checks that 200 comes back but it's a good start. We actually test our endpoints. Now we can look into the different methods the different options we have. So as I've already shown you you can use all the different HTTP method works here so we can do a post request a delete request we can of course change the path so we could for example append an ID if we want to delete the specific item a specific object and we have other things we can do useful options are for example to set the header. So here we set the content type header to JSON we essentially tell the application we are going to send you a JSON object similarly and that might be useful for the fourth assignment we can set the authorization header and then include something there. So that just causes the HTTP request to include specific headers and then finally we can send an object so if we have a post request we might want to include something in the request body and if we do a dot send and we just put a regular JavaScript object in here then it will be sent to the server. And then as discussed the important thing here is that we actually call the done. We can check the status code we have already checked that. We can check the headers. We can check the body to have specific methods and this is just whatever comes back here is just a JavaScript object so we can test different things on that. Let's look a bit at the different options we have. Maybe we start with the actual headers and the different words. So let's assume that we change our endpoint and we say we have a variable. Our resources are let's say users and the endpoint is called users and in the beginning it's a new array and I just quickly write some kind of method that is not very good but it might work and just copy some stuff from my to-do application from before so let's use the body parser here and now we just write some kind of post request that actually does something. Let's not check for anything we just do this very naive we just expect the user to send everything that is useful so we just create a new user we add it to our array just ignore the nodes for now and we say next user ID is that and then we return 201. So now the response should actually be 201 and the JSON object we can also do one check maybe if there is no user name then we send back 400 just to have something some alternative to test. Now we can write a test for that so we just do post slash users so we want to do a request to users and we'll just leave it at that and see what happens and now the endpoint test fails because it says we got status code 400 back and that's because this is the case so the user name is not defined we haven't send anything to the server so we get 400 back that's actually an okay test but what we might want to do is add something so first of all we're actually sending JSON to the server we want to send the JSON object so we set the right header and the way you often see this is that these methods are just under each other so we tell the server here is a JSON object and we actually need to send something so that's the next thing we want to send an object now we can just test this for example we can say the username is Grisha and what else is there the age is 10 now we send this and then we expect if this works we should get 201 back the server should send us 201 created so let's try this this seems to be passing and we can add another test that tests the failure case so we can say if we for example skip the username then we should get 400 back we should get a client error and this also seems to work there's just something I have messed up on the server so I should actually fix my code here that's the return now I don't get any errors and as before please try whether you can make the test fails fail if you cannot then something is wrong in this case both of my test failed after I changed the expected value of the endpoint the status so this seems to be working okay now we have made requests this works but our checks here are not very useful yet we only check the response we only check the status but there are a whole lot of other things we might want to check and that's here these response assertions so we have done the status that's okay now we want to go into detail actually look at the response what has the server send us back we can check the header so here for example this check would check that the response is in text format this is something we can do for our first test so if you look at the first endpoint here here we just send text back and so we can go up here and actually say the status should be 200 and the header should contain text this will probably fail now yes because the header does not contain text plain but actually text html char set utf-8 one thing we can do is we can actually use regular expressions here we could do now I have to find the right one but I think here we go and this is something you'll have to google but this one exact essentially means that the content type header starts with text so it's some kind of text response we don't know exactly which one so let's see this now passes again that's great and now we can continue we can go into more details we can actually look at what it is the server has sent back check what's in the body for example or in our case here if it's such if it's just a text response then we can just check it with to have text and what are we expecting we expect hello world exclamation mark so I'll put that in here and I'll see it doesn't pass I'm not sure what happened now why this failed again maybe the text responses not correct we'll need to look this is what I want to check so the text response equals hello world and now it passes and if I change anything if I change the response to hello then the test would fail so it's actually checking that it's correct so that's what we can do here now we can go down to our to our post request and the first thing we can actually check is apart from the status is the content type so again we can search for is this jason and the right content type for jason is application slash jason that's a lot of work there is a short version for that in chi htp and is simply to be jason so then the library takes care of that the responses jason let's put that down here as well no down here we actually do we have a jason response yes we do so now both of these tests should still pass yes so now we have checked the status code we also have checked that the body is in the right format and now we can again go into what exactly the body is let's have a look at the slides so as already discussed this is a regular javascript object so you can check all sorts of things on that for example we could and this is exactly as before it's in the other tests we did so far we can just check certain properties of that to be i object see whether i remember this correctly yes so now we first check is the response in jason and then we check is the body actually an object if i would just send back a number this would not work we can check individual properties so here we actually expect that we get a user back and the user has a username h and id so we can check this to have property username so now we check that there is a username again let's run this still passes and now we can even check that the username equals exactly what i put in nothing else so now we check in summary we check is this a jason response if yes is the body an object does the body have property username equals to grisha now we can do the same with all the other properties so we can check the age 10 we said and we can check that id also exists we cannot check the value because the server generates the value we don't know what's coming back here and how this worked there is also a way to check how many elements are in object we'll see what i expect that one remember that one i think it is like this let's have a look no let's look at the documentation there is nothing in here so we'll just have a look at my slides because i probably have that here somewhere yes okay it's the objects.keys almost so now we check that there are only three properties in my object nothing else and it finally works so now if i would go to the server and i would actually add something else i would for example add property test five then this last part of the test will fail will tell me there are actually four elements in your object you only expect three so that's also something i can check if i want to check that the object has exactly these properties and nothing on top of that okay so that's essentially what i can do here let's quickly do the rest do this for the failure case uh so in the failure case i also get a jason object back but there is only the error message in there and nothing else so i expect that there is exactly one element in my object and it says no username defined so i can check my error exactly okay and this works so i've successfully tested my backend now let's quickly discuss the the rest of this what i haven't done is check the state of the server or the database so i have done my post request i have gotten the user back but i've never checked whether the server has actually saved it anyhow in the case what i just shown you it would have been in the server in the local variables if i would use a database check in the database um and this really depends on what kind of testing you do so there are two there there's something in between but essentially you distinguish white box testing where you check the entire system you check the internals you check whether the server has the right state um and there is black box testing where you test the entire backend just as a black box you only look at what's going in what's coming out you do not check what's going on inside and that's really what we have done here um so white box testing is you test what's going in you test what's coming out and you test whether the internal state is correct and black box testing is the same you just skip the last step so you just treat this as a system which you cannot look inside and that's exactly what we will do in assignment four for example so you have don't have to check what's going on inside the system you just have to check the response that's a very common testing approach okay so in summary um we have done endpoint testing to test individual HTTP requests in an API because those are not function calls so it's not regular unit testing but we actually want to test HTTP requests and responses um they are really concerned with checking that the right response is coming back when you send the request something I have not gone into but this is of course depending on the time I think mocha and chai have a default timeout of two seconds for example so if your HTTP request would take more than two seconds to be processed you would get a failed test so this can be tricky um it's something to think about if you do black box testing you only look at in an output request and response exactly like we did it right now if we wanted to do white box testing we would also have to check that the system is in the correct state so for example if we go into our code we would have to check that the array and the next user ID are set correctly afterwards this is something we didn't do here this is also something that is not that straightforward because you somehow need to have access to the system even if the variables are hidden from you or so okay so that was lecture 21 uh the next one 22 is now a summary lecture of the second part of the course so summarizing everything we have done there uh looking a bit at what is missing maybe and then there might be time for repetition and there we need your input so if you have anything we should repeat we should do additionally please comment on piazza thanks for listening