So, let's try this one. It says the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen to form water vapor has a heat of reaction or standard enthalpy change, right? Negative 484 kilojoules, so let's write out what that means. So hydrogen, gas plus oxygen, gas, goes to water, gas. So first we've got to balance our equation, right? Two, and then what we'll do is write at the end over here Delta H, whenever it's that's standard conditions. So in this case, it's like the molar quantities. So negative four 84 kilojoules. So does this reaction spontaneous or non-spontaneous? We can ask already. spontaneous, right? It's giving off heat. It says what is the energy in kilojoules for the reaction of 0.5 moles of hydrogen and 0.25 moles of oxygen at atmospheric pressure if the volume change is negative 5.6 liters. Okay, so that's a lot of information. But some things it's telling us are the number of moles. So we got the number of moles of hydrogen which is 0.50 moles hydrogen, and we got the number of moles of oxygen. Why do you think they gave us these two moles? Numbers of moles. What do you think we've got to figure out? We normally have to figure out what we're doing in this situation. Come on guys. I know you guys know this. That's the first thing you'll always have to do. Mole ratio of what and why? But why? The limiting reagent is what you have to do, right? So you have to figure out what the limiting reagent is first. All right, so is there a limiting reagent here? So it says there's 0.5 moles of H2 0.25 moles of O2, right? So let's figure it out. How do we figure it out? Well, we just multiply like this, right? So for every one mole of O2, we should look for two moles of H2, cancel, cancel. So that equals what? 0.50 moles of H2. So in this case, there's no limiting reagent. So now it says what is the atmospheric, so what is the standard atmospheric pressure? So the P external would be 1.0018. And it also gives us the change in volume which is negative 5.6 Okay, so what else do we know? Is this equation based on 0.5 moles of hydrogen? Is this either reaction based on 5.5 moles of hydrogen? How many moles is it based on? Two moles, right? So we're going to have to find the delta H of the reaction. So everybody understand what we're doing? So we've got 0.50 moles of H2 and for every two moles of H2 we've got negative 484 kilojoules of energy being formed. We have 121 kilojoules of energy for the heat of this particular reaction. Is everybody okay with that? So we now have to remember that delta H equals delta E plus P external times delta V So in this case it's the delta H of the reaction that we just figured out. And now all we have to do is isolate the variable and plug in J. So delta E is what we're looking for. So that's going to equal delta H minus P E X T times delta V. Everybody got that? Well, this is delta H of the reaction. Sorry. Does that make sense to everybody? Let's put it over here. So we've got some more room. So delta H of the reaction, where is that? It's here, right? 121, negative 121. So what have we got? 121, yes. So this is the way I like to do these ones. Big bracket like that. P external, right, which is 1.0018 times delta V So it's 18 liters units of energy. It is, but can we add it to kilojoules or subtract it to kilojoules? So what do we got to do to convert it to kilojoules, okay? So in order to do that, you guys remember the conversion factor? Yeah, so 101.3 joules, right? R is 1 liter, ATM. So that'll cancel that, that, that. But this is still in joules and we want it in kilojoules, right? 1,000 joules is 1 kilojoule. That's why I had those big brackets. Cancel, cancel, and now we're in kilojoules, right? Okay, so 1 times negative 5.6 times 101.3 divided by 1,000. So notice, how many kilojoules is that? Did anybody calculate it with me? Not a single person? Yeah, okay, so negative 0.567, right? How, is that a big or small number relative to 121? Tiny, right? So that factor doesn't play a huge role. Remember we were talking about that earlier? How much of a role the PV term actually plays? Very tiny role. So let's write it out here. So we'll have a little bit more room. So negative 121 kilojoules. And then what we're, what are we doing? Subtracting 0, well, we're subtracting, sorry. Subtracting the negative. Negative 0.567, we'll just say kilojoules. Like that, and so we'll be adding to it. So I got this number, negative 120, well, 0.43, right? But when we do our sig figs, it's going to be negative 120 kilojoules, okay? So in this case, that's delta E, how much energy? Notice, the amount of energy between delta H and delta E is very, yeah, the amount of difference is very tiny. Okay, are there any questions on that one? So it's a pretty involved process. That's probably the, one of the harder questions that you can get on this thing, okay?


Discarded tobacco leaves are effective at killing adult and juvenile pomacea canaliculata snails, with higher concentrations being more lethal. Tobacco also has the potential to reduce the snail's ability to reproduce and grow, as well as increase their oxidative stress levels. This article was offered by Jinghua, Xiaobin Zhong, Jianzong, and others.


Okay, thank you Steve. I'm Robert Wright. And as it was yesterday, I'm a Senior Future Tense Fellow at the New America Foundation. As long as we're talking internet, I think I will also plug my website, BloggingHeads.tv, which is a video dialogue website. Jacob Weisberg had something come up the last minute. He was scheduled to do this, and I'm going to fill in for him. For those of you who sat in on my panel yesterday, my goal is to be a little less reminiscent of Jerry Springer today. I spent the morning reflecting on the meaning of the word moderator. I mean, you two aren't bitter enemies anyway, so far as I know. Oh, you are. Okay, we'll see. We'll see. So we've got Marnie Levine of Facebook, who is, is it fair to call you the Secretary of State of Facebook? No. It's not. It's President and Global Public Policy. Okay, that's close enough. Andrew McLaughlin of Tumblr. Yeah. And you are more on the business side than on the policies. Yeah, I am now. Marnie and I had basically the same job at different companies. I did it at Google. He created the jobs. And Marnie does it now. And now I run kind of the non-engineering, non-product side of Tumblr, which you can think of as the business side, although we're not actually making money. So it's a little bit of an optimistic thing to say that it's the business side. It's the potentially business side. It aspires to be, you aspire to run the business side of Tumblr someday. Would be nice, yeah. Okay. You know, just by way of introduction, I'm sure everyone's been on Facebook here. A lot of people have interacted with Tumblr. Probably everyone has heard of Tumblr, but probably some people haven't actually interacted with it. And they've heard that it's a micro blogging platform. Can you tell us a little about what's distinctive about Tumblr? Yeah. So the way to think about Tumblr is that it's basically three things. It's a blog platform. So if you go and sign up, you can create a blog and choose a skin. And Tumblr is known for having particularly beautiful and elegant skins or themes, we call them. And Tumblr makes it super-duper easy to blog. So the founder who's now all of 25 years old, when he was building Tumblr at about 20, he was like, I really want to blog, but I hate writing big, long things. And so I want to make something which is exceedingly easy.  And you just click a button, do the thing that you want to do, hit post, and it becomes very easy. So that's one part of it. The other part is that it's a dashboard, or in other words, a reader. So if you use Google Reader or some other kind of feed reader, when you log into Tumblr, you've got this kind of like elegant reader that presents the things that you follow in order. It makes it very easy to comment on them in your own blog or re-blog them. And then the third thing is kind of the social graph that weds people together. So blogging, reading, social graph, and the sort of the way the company thinks about itself is that it's a place for creators, creative people. And so it's become a home for photographers, meme artists, and a lot of text writers as well, but it's pretty visual in its configuration. So the secret of its success is it makes it easier if you're a content generator in terms of the interface.  Yeah, what somebody told me was, I used to blog on WordPress and it felt lonely. And then I came to Tumblr and it felt very social. And that's kind of it. So it's a very social experience. You can read vast, vast read or see, or view vast quantities of things. And the design simplicity and kind of elegance of it makes it a nice experience. That's the idea. And why is it called micro-blogging? Is there a limit on number of words? No, there's no limit on the number of words. I think micro-blogging is a little bit of a misnomer. I mean, it's not micro-blogging in the same sense that Twitter is, let's say. There's no character limit. But it's the idea that you can just do very small, simple, short, punchy things without having to sit down and compose paragraphs of text over hours. Okay. Now, as long as you're on the business side, I have one question, in general, we'll be dealing with policy issues that they face, especially as they go abroad. I have one business question that may be of interest to some people here. And it's about the prospects for the old-fashioned content model. Both of you do user-generated content. You build a platform. People put the content up for free. It attracts a lot of people. And there's obviously something very appealing about that from the point of view of someone who would otherwise be paying people to provide content. There are sites to do it the old-fashioned way. The New York Times, Slate, the Atlantic, where I blog, Huffington Post.  On the other hand, if you go to the Silicon Valley to a VC and say, look, I've got this great idea, I'm going to pay people to provide content. They're like, listen, I think I've got an appointment in two minutes. And these kind of old-fashioned sites provide a kind of content that I think you would agree is different to some extent from what you provide and has its value just as a business person. This is for both of you if you want to comment, Marty. But what do you think the prospects are for the old-fashioned content model? So I think the way to think about this is that we're at this moment of transitional turbulence right now. The bottom line is that the demand for really fantastic writing, reporting, well-researched pieces, great prose is no less than it's ever been. People are every bit as eager to read a really great New York Times piece that nobody else could have written or really great Atlantic essay. That demand is there. The other thing is that the desire of advertisers to pay to get themselves alongside really great writing is no less than it's ever been. And the moment that we're at is where these two things haven't yet joined up in ways that get the content creators paid in the same way that they're used to. Now, if you do the math, the sort of democratizing power of the internet, which is to say the ever-cheaper broadband connectivity on a unit basis, the ever-cheaper cost of computing power, data storage, and so forth, those trends mean that in your pocket now, if you have a smart phone, you're probably carrying with you more computing power and storage than the entirety of the space program had available to it to put a man on the moon in your pocket. So that trend of giving everybody that much computing power, which translates into an ability to generate and distribute globally almost for free, anything that you write, any photograph that you take, or whatever, means that lots more people are producing stuff that might be worth reading or viewing than ever before. So if you were to do sort of a power curve, and you'd say back in the pre-internet age, you would have the New York Times, the Atlantic, the local city newspaper that serves your area, but this like big spike in quality of available content from a small number of sources. Now you've got a very slowly sloping curve where there's tons of people producing great stuff worth reading, not all of whom are professionals who need to be compensated at the rate that we have traditionally compensated our best writers and journalists. So it's not just like we need to just get through this moment, and then all the advertising money rushes over. The distribution of that advertising money and other forms of monetization for writers, let's say subscription models or in internet terms there's something called referral traffic where you can get paid for sending people to a destination. Anyway, it's going to get distributed differently, and that's where we don't know what the future is exactly going to look like, but I'm completely confident that the desires of advertisers to get to you, the desires of people to read you, are going to get joined up in ways that make this all work in the long term. And I've got to say, I think Atlantic is like nailing it. They're doing so well. Seriously, with this long kind of legacy tradition of a very old magazine, they have managed to invent an online model that I don't know the inner profit and loss details of, but it looks like it's working pretty well. Say they made money last year. Yeah. I have no reason to doubt them when they say they made money last year. So I would be, bottom line is I would be optimistic. I would think that you're going to be able to make a living as a writer coming into this world now if you were coming out of college. Okay. Do you have any thoughts on that or do you want to turn to Secretary of State matters? Well, the only thing that I would add to it, I mean, you were talking about media in a, you were talking about media only, but there's other kinds of content too, which get distributed. So when you talk about even just content creators around music, for example, there are new business models that are emerging where it used to be, if you think about it 10 years ago, there was a, there was a worry about copyright infringement and intellectual property and how that, and how that content was being transferred around the internet. And now what you do is you see that on Facebook, for example, a partnership with Spotify means that users of Facebook can have access to all kinds of content that they wouldn't have otherwise had access to before in a legal way. And the content creators have access to a whole audience of people and can be compensated for the distribution of that material. So I think you're seeing these new business models that are emerging in a very, that are emerging and to the extent that there have been policy debates about this. It may be that that different, that different parts of the industry are coming up with these solutions on their own. Okay. Thank you. So as Secretary of State, when you, Facebook. Texts from Marnie Levine. Somebody set up the tumbler.  And it's going to be probably particularly true in authoritarian states, but not only. I mean, Europe has a somewhat different approach to privacy, for example. What are, what's one or two of the issues that that has already come to your attention and is kind of challenging? I think there's, when I think about what it is that I do on a daily basis and think about when I wake up in the morning, there's one central issue that cuts across everything that I'm doing. And that is the preservation of a free and open internet. And we know that a free and open internet means that there's opportunity for, there's economic opportunity around it. Platforms like Facebook have the ability to create jobs. We've done a study with the University of Maryland that shows that it creates, that the, that the app platform creates 100, created 180,000 jobs last year in Europe. The platform created 230,000 jobs. So there's, there's enormous job creation and economic value that platforms like this create. It also creates an opportunity for voice where there was no voice before. People had the opportunity to publish, to speak. And that is a, one of the, this expansion of free expression and the ability for free association means it's one of the greatest tools of human rights of all time. And so when I think of what it is that I'm trying to do, it's trying to maintain a free and open internet. Because as governments think about privacy restrictions, as governments think about different kinds of restrictions, that means that it's challenging this idea of a free and open internet and the ability to free associate and free, free expression. And so one of the things is that we sort of see a kind of fragmentation that's emerging. And that is a kind of two internets. So is it going to be a free and open internet? Or is it going to be one that is more closed and restricted? Is it going to be one that promotes connections and promote and promotes the kind of social discovery that occurs as a result of these connections? Or will it be one that puts barriers to these kinds of connections? So this is the thing that it comes in all different forms. But this is the thing that whenever I'm whenever I'm talking to different government officials, we're sort of wrestling with the the underlying issue that we're wrestling with is this one. Right. And presumably there could be cases where your desire to expand into a country will be at odds with your desire to preserve those values, right? Countries that aren't on the same page. I don't think so. You don't. No, I think that at the core of it is that we are trying to, that if you believe that the internet is a tool of human rights, free expression, free association, that we are, that promoting that is going to be really important because it will unlock economic opportunities where there were none before. Political social opportunities where there weren't any before. And so we can't let the fear of what might happen with these with these tools overshadow the real potential and opportunity that's available with. OK, but what if what if the Chinese government comes to you and says not in China, so. OK, but but presumably I mean so far I don't see a shortage of ambition at Facebook. I'm assuming you have aspirations to to populate the solar system or at least go abroad. I mean, I mean, are you are there no plans to to venture into China or we're not in China. The service is currently not available in China. Mark Zuckerberg has said before that his goal is to connect the whole world and that there's incredible possibility when you do when you do connect the whole world. So it's hard to imagine overlooking a company overlooking a country with over a billion people. But a decision to enter China is one that has enormous complexity to it and not one that we would ever rush into or not approach thoughtfully. But OK, we're not there now. Before we turn to Andrew, one final question that you'll probably manage to finesse, but just theoretically if you if you wanted to expand into a in a country and you understood that the deal was going to be that they wanted to be able to use Facebook for surveillance and they made the argument that look in in the United States there is a process by which they get warrants. And and and if they if they do it lawfully, you comply with that. We have our rules in whatever country it is and we're we're going to want you to do that. And suppose, you know, suppose it's a country that's different from from America, more authoritarian or whatever. Would it would would the principle be that, you know, when in Rome, obey the Roman government or what? One of the great things about the Internet is that you create these services and they're available all over. You just turn it on and people start signing up for these services. But when you do that, it's important also and companies like mine create. We think carefully about the policies that that are going to govern how we interact with different governments and what we do there. I think we've created terms of service. We've created codes of conduct for being on our service. That's the first thing. The second is that we've also when it comes to interacting with governments really thought carefully about this and published law enforcement transparency guidelines that are published on our site, which talk about how it is that we would interact with governments. We think about this in advance and publish it. And when it comes to our users, we really push back on them. Those are stringent guidelines and we really push back on the governments in terms of when they make when they make certain requests. And I have to tell you that when I'm traveling around the world, like I was in India a few weeks ago or Vietnam a few weeks ago and there's controversial content that is causing that people are sort of alleging is is is causing riots in the street and they're asking certain questions about content. It's really tough, but we push back and we push back hard and and ultimately what what what we feel comfortable about is protecting our users and also but also trying to ensure that governments understand all the value that these tools bring to their country when it comes to economic opportunity and also social opportunity. OK, you have some thoughts? Yeah, can I jump up? So so all right, so so there's two. There's two broad issues when you're an an an internet company. One is censorship and the limitations of speech and the other is surveillance and the surrendering of your users data to governments. They're distinct, they're related, but they're distinct and there's these two incongruences when you're a global service. One is as Marni said, you can be a service like Tumblr that's, you know, everybody that works for you is in or almost everybody's in New York City, you know, in one city in one country, but you are accessible globally and there's two ways in which countries vary. One that's relevant to censorship, mostly one that's relevant to surveillance. So even if we take the sort of repressive regimes off the table, democracies have developed different values around what content, what speech is acceptable and not. And it is true that the United States is a pretty extreme outlier in the global spectrum in terms of the amount of speech that we protect. But we still take some things off the table as a country, right?  We take fraud off the table. You know, you can't lie in some context. It's a speech restriction. We take copyright infringement off the table. In an information world, that is a speech restriction saying that you can't speak this thing because somebody else owns the rights to it. And so we have our limitations and other countries which we can't just delegitimize because they're repressive have different values. The British have different rules about libel and defamation. Brazil has different rules about racism. India has different rules about religious insult. Thailand has different rules about insults to the king. Turkey has different rules about insults to Kamal Ataturk and the notion of Turkishness. And anyway, so each of these countries has through democratic processes recurringly re-legitimated its set of speech restrictions that flows out of a set of cultural values and a set of norms. And in some cases embodies a sort of a power structure, you know, exerting itself in ways that we might find distasteful.  So even in those countries, if you're an internet service, you have to struggle with speech restrictions that are going to show up and at least request and maybe somewhat more forcefully order you to take things down that you would find obnoxious. On the surveillance side, the big discontinuity is the existence and reliability of a structure of rule of law, right? So we comfort ourselves with the kinds of surveillance that our government does here because we tell ourselves that it's operating within a framework of rule of law that we rely upon. And as Ann Marie Slaughter said yesterday, and as I felt when I was in the White House, it is true. The U.S. government has a lot of process around this stuff. And by the end of my tenure, I was much more impressed with how seriously the NSA took the kinds of rules that we have imposed on them than not. Nevertheless, in the case of the warrantless wiretapping, you know, which would blatantly, you know, illegal acts by members of the government who had an available path to them, which was simply more irritating to do, you know, violated that rule of law. So even here, where we like to feel good about our rule of law, it's a problem. And so the conundrum is if you go to a country like India and your Facebook or your Google and you have staff on the ground or data center infrastructure. So those are the two kind of jurisdictional hooks that a country gets over you.  And that's how they get, they get their arms around you or maybe a third one would be if you're making money there and sitting in a bank account that they can seize. But that's how countries, you know, can literally exercise jurisdiction over you. So in a country like India, again, it's a democracy, but it's got a domestic surveillance apparatus, which I think it's fair to say is routinely hijacked by specific interest groups that have come to power, let's say the Shiv Sena and Maharashtra state is like a what for lack of a better term is kind of a Hindu fundamentalist group that occasionally wins elections. And in the case of Google, when I was there, there was a moment when using Indian law and the mechanisms available, they filed a data request or an order for data about a user of Orchid, which was Google's social network that for a period of time was quite big in India for somebody in Bangalore, which is quite far away, different state, different part of the country that had said something insulting about the Shiv Sena. And under Indian law, that police chief could get that order served, compel compliance, get the data and then arrest the guy for just political speech. That happens in a country like India. And so you have to struggle with these things. And the real the question that you asked was, are there countries that you won't go to because of the nature of their laws? And I think the answer to that, if you have a conscience, has to be yes. Like there have to be countries that you don't go to. Are there some you've ruled out? At Tumblr. Yeah. Everywhere but America at the moment, because we don't have you don't have an international business model or any, you know, we have to like solve a bunch of problems before we get there. Like I've I've ruled I've ruled out New Jersey. You know, I mean, I've got like there may be countries where you don't need a good business model. Who knows? Maybe that's actually I'm actually it's we actually have where I'll give you a great example. We have on the ground right now, two people in Brazil and Brazil is the number two country for Tumblr. It's growing fast, super social. I mean, you guys don't know the fundamentals, but it's now like very much stabilized. It's democratic institutions. It's growing quickly. It's got a really incredibly creative digital culture. And so it's like kind of perfect for Tumblr. But so we have not set up a corporate structure in Brazil. We're hiring people as freelancers to work for us down there because, you know, I can't at the at this stage of our growth figure out the tax employment law and speech restrictions that we would have to comply with or surveillance requests that we would have to comply with if we were down there. And so without any presence there, what will happen if the government wants something from you is this interesting tug of war. And I this was one of the biggest struggles in my life at Google between China and Brazil, India, Turkey, Thailand and a couple of very other aggressive countries were these countries that come after you. It could be a prosecutor in Brazil trying to get with perfectly legitimate cause trying to get information about somebody who has posted a child sex abuse imagery, let's say, on Orchid. And the one conflict that existed, for example, was U.S. law specifies what you do with child porn and it specifies that you turn it over to the FBI and or its designee, which is called the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. But there's a process and if you do anything but that process, you have broken the law. Turning it over to another government is illegal under it's actually the statute has been fixed now. It's gotten changed. But at the time anyway, it was illegal. So the Brazilians say, give us this data. We're like, well, we don't have any data infrastructure. It doesn't exist in Brazil. You don't have jurisdiction over it, a position that we took for a whole number of reasons that are kind of obvious. So you need to go government to government to the United States government and either trigger something called a Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty if it exists. And if it doesn't exist, you have to do this ancient diplomatic procedure called a letterrogatory, which is a formal request from one government to another. And it goes from their state department to our state department over to the Justice Department, which then analyzes whether or not under U.S. law, we want to cooperate with them. And the prosecutor in Brazil, you know, in internet speed, is like trying to catch and then prosecute somebody doing really bad things. Anyway, the more depressing parts of these stories or when they're using it like in places like Thailand or Turkey, they're using these kinds of mechanisms to repress political opposition. And if you have people on the ground, you've got to make this very difficult call about how much danger and risk you want to put those people in before you turn over your user's data. Okay. Can I just say one more thing about it? Sure. Which is that I think what's in what... You gave a very rich description of the whole process, which is my life in a nutshell. But I think what's important not to lose sight of is that you do have these... You have platforms. You've got Google. You've got Facebook. You have Someday, Tumblr. You've got other... These platforms operating all over the world. And that is enabling all of these really great things to happen. And so there's a system that's been set up by companies. I mean, our company, for example, we have community standards. We've got a code of conduct on the system. You can't just say anything.  You can't bully other people. Bullying is a fairly subjective term. So we've set up a system where you have a notice and takedown kind of a system. And that is for users who police their own community because they want to be part of a vibrant community where they feel secure and they feel confident about sharing information. And it also relates to governments in terms of how they relate to us. They report certain content. They make lawful requests for certain contents. And when that system works, it allows us other stuff to happen. So yes, there are these very complicated processes that take place. And there are these tensions that exist. But for the most part, you have billions of pieces of content that are existing, connections. We've got over 900 million users who are connecting and sharing information, people starting businesses. So it's important to understand that the availability of the service in these places is enabling a lot of really great things. And that there are these cases of speech which can be quite complicated. So we, for example, have taken our approach and our approach has been that, for example, in Turkey, you can't say, as you referenced, you can't say defamatory stuff about Ataturk. In Germany, you can't deny the existence of the Holocaust. So we IP blocked the content, meaning that it can't be seen by people in Germany, but it can be seen outside of, it can, through those connections, it can still be seen outside. Or we'll take down the content depending on local law and depending on how it fits with our terms of service. But I just wanted to make sure that, just to say, I think somebody was applauding about, you shouldn't be in certain places, having it available is important. Coming up with the policies and coming up with a clear way of thinking about it, it's not that it's not complicated, it is. But thinking about this so that we can enable all the good that comes from it is really important. So a Facebook somewhat constrained by local norms and even a specific national government, including an authoritarian one, can be more subversive than no Facebook at all, is your view. I think there's an overwhelming amount of good that can come from being there. And I don't think that there's another policy that we have, which has been somewhat controversial, which is that we require you to use your real name. Okay, and yeah, I want to get to that. First, just to clarify, when you, so when you have content that violates a national norm or law, just to be clear, you're relying on the community to bring it to the attention of you and then you're making the call, or is that what's happening? I think there, I mean, there's a whole variety of steps that take place that we sort of look and see whether it violates our own terms of service. If it does, it's quite clear and we take that down. If it is, if it violates local law, then we're looking at that in the context of the local law. If it's being, if it's a request that comes from a government, we're looking at a whole series of things, which is, you know, who is it affecting and how? And if it's a speech-related case, we're thinking about it in the context of U.S. and as Andrew pointed out, more often than not, we're putting it through a, we're triggering an MLAP process on that speech-related case. And the Germans say you would typically make the call ultimately. Facebook is the arbiter before it even typically gets to the level of the German government. Well, it depends if it's, I mean, in the case that I was saying about, in the case that we're saying about denying the Holocaust, for example, that we've, yes, we're respecting local law in that case. Sometimes it's going to court, sometimes it's... Okay, on the anonymity issue, yesterday on the aforementioned panel, we had a, I would say a fierce advocate of the virtues of anonymity. And he makes software that allows people to communicate, or helps make it, that allows people to communicate anonymously. And his view is that it's a tremendous aid to dissidents. And he, so he sings the praises of anonymity. You as a matter of policy are opposed to anonymity. Or you don't permit people to at least, you know, just be straightforwardly anonymous. There may be some people out there on Facebook with fake names. But your policy is to not permit it, right? Now, have you run into issues with human rights activists or dissidents or NGOs who would prefer that you afforded people the cover of anonymity so that they could speak more freely in certain nations? There has been, we've had lots of, we have lots of conversations on ongoing conversations with human rights groups all the time. And this has been a subject of discussion. And I wish I had been there yesterday to hear what the arguments are. But yes, our policy has been that to use your real name on Facebook. I mean, just when you think about it, if you have a social networking service, the point is to be able to find other people who, and so by using your real name, you're able to find the other people who you're wanting to connect and share information with. The other thing that when you talk about real name, or you talk about anonymity, what it misses is that people feel safe and secure on the site because they know who they're communicating with. You wanna know that if Anne-Marie Slaughter is the one who is asking me to communicate that it's really Anne-Marie Slaughter. So having that kind of, so having that policy allows people to feel some degree of comfort, safety, and security. And what's not clear to me is that when you have anonymity, are you in fact safer on the internet? Are you, do you have a false sense of security that you are safe on the internet? Because can people still find out information about you? Is a question that I have in my mind. I would rather have it be that we have people on in their real name and therefore you understand what the terms of service are, what the rules are, where you're operating, how you're operating, and you're operating in plain view. It also, one other thing about it is that it, we don't allow secret police to come on and ask for a pseudonym to follow human rights activists or activists around the internet. So it is, it creates a community where everyone is operating in the open where people don't have a false sense of security and they're operating in their own name and therefore are more likely to feel accountable for their actions and think about what it is that they're doing on the internet. Okay, Andrew, do you have thoughts on? So that there is a need for anonymous communication, right? And so the wrong way to think about this is to think that everything that happens on the internet has to happen on Facebook. Facebook has a purpose, and that purpose is so- Some of it should happen on Tumblr that you're- A small fraction of the advertising money should happen on Tumblr, that's all I'm asking for. So, so Marnie's right that like Facebook has got a theory of what it's about and what's value is and what people do there that's based around a notion of social. So, so Tumblr interestingly has no real name requirement. So you can sign up and you can sign up as Count Chocula and you just have to give an email address and you pick a URL. So here's the interesting thing about that. The conventional wisdom is that the farther that you get away from identity, the likely you are, likely you are to encounter racism, flaminess, abuse, meanness, stupidity, bad behavior. And the weird thing about Tumblr, and I don't know, it may be somewhat unique in this regard but the opposite sort of seems to be true and that is, I think we think that a lot of the growth of Tumblr, which has been pretty fast recently, is that people go to it to do things that they don't wanna do on Facebook. In other words, there is a form of exploration, creative expression and communication that you actually don't want your classmates, boss, family members, and your real world network to know about. And a ton of the creative sort of flowering that happens on Tumblr is specifically, I think, because it serves a different role and occupies a different space. And so anyway, if we think about the internet broadly, the human rights groups that you mentioned before absolutely have a need to communicate anonymously and securely and to get things out. The problem is that the technologies and tools in a packet switch network like the internet that'll enable you to do that, also enable terrorists to plan crimes, child pornographers to exchange bad imagery, and so forth, and then we have never come up with a way to disentangle technologically, and I don't think we ever will, the neutral tools ability to surf both good and evil purposes. And at the risk of being kind of high-faluting for a second, any effort to try to structure human relationships that presumes that we are either good or bad, that we are either sinful and need to be controlled, or that we are basically angelic and just need to be enabled, they seem to fall apart because, as human beings, we're both of those things. And so what's interesting about the rule of law imperative is that it's a way to sort of structure human relationships that allow the good to flourish and that minimize the odds of the bad. And on the internet, we see the coexistence of different kinds of social networks, different kinds of speech platforms and so forth, collectively serving all those purposes. And so we have a different policy, I don't condemn Facebook's for theirs because they do their thing and frankly it creates some market space for us and so that's great. But the problem anonymity is wrong to think about whether you should have one or the other, you should have a whole range of tools and capabilities that can be purpose fit for the purposes that people need them. Yeah, and I think in terms of anonymity often being compatible with responsible behavior, I've noticed people become very attached to their virtual identities. So in policing the blogging heads comment section, if you threaten to ban someone who is known to everyone else only as a pseudonym, they really care. I mean, they could tomorrow just come online as somebody else, but they become attached to their identity and they care about the way they're thought about as that person.  That at least that's, it's possible to pull that off. Okay, now in a minute we're gonna go to questions I think we'll have time for a couple. But first I wanted to ask you and maybe both of you, is there a right to be forgotten? I mean, I don't even, I guess I don't come to think of it, even know who owns my Facebook data, probably you and not me, right? You own it. I own it, so I can pull it all down. You can, there's a thing, there's a tool that we have that's called download your information and in fact we just came out to download your information 2.0. And so you can go to Facebook and you can actually see every bit of information that we have on you and you can download it and you can close your account and you can leave with your data. So it is yours. Can I give it to Google? You'd like to give it to Google, give it to Google. Okay, and any thoughts on that? Yeah, so this came up when I was in the White House and we met at one point with the French who had decided that they were going to like push this right to be forgotten and they are in fact doing it. So what they think they're saying is maybe something different from what we hear as Americans anyway. What they're saying is, I am an autonomous moral actor. I should be able to interact with the world in the way that I want and that means that I should be able to withdraw after I've put out there. I should be able to withdraw the things that I've put out into the world. The problem with that is that in a digital world of speakers and listeners, you may have the right to forget what you've said but you don't have the right to make other people forget what they've heard you say. And that's the fundamental incoherence, I think, in the French proposal, which is even if you just add a comment on Facebook, for example, and then other people respond to that comment, your comment has become part of a dialogue and a conversation that they have rights in as well. And so I kind of hate it because this notion because it sounds to me like Stalin-like rubbing of people out of photographs, like the altering of history. Like when you have appeared up on the podium in front of the parade, like everybody's gonna remember that and you can't just force them to forget it. So I think it's a terrible idea but I understand where it comes from which is this notion that in a digital age, my ability to control my own appearance, destiny, representation to the world should be very profoundly respected. Making that actually work in a digital network of speakers and listeners I think is virtually impossible to figure out on some level. But I think though on this as Andrew was saying, I mean, this is a very, right now what's happening is that the European Data Protection Directive is being revised. And this is a kind of once in a decade kind of activity. And at the heart of this is this idea of the right to be forgotten. And so, and there's a lot of question about what does the right to be forgotten mean and how does the right to be forgotten apply? How can it be applied on the internet? At the core of it though is that, which I think that you probably agree with, I would agree with is that, is that you as the user, whatever you put up, you can control that and you can delete your information. So that's important and I think most services give you the ability to do that. I know that we do. But as Andrew was saying, is that if I post a picture with me and Andrew and then somebody else posts that picture and it keeps going other places, not even just the dialogue of the comments but the proliferation of this material in other places, it's just in terms of the way the internet works. It's just not very realistic to think that you can remove all of that content but you could remove it on yours. But if someone links to a photo that you posted, it is then no longer exclusively your property. It's no longer exclusively yours. Yeah, let me just say one other thing to tie back to another comment. The Europeans are not like crazy. You know what I mean? Like it's like this important, but it is this important thing because I think a lot of Americans sort of think contemptuously that like, oh, it's like this French idea of like, you know, born out of some odd philosophical tradition. Their experience, when they think about the right to forget, they think about the stasi, right? We don't have that historical experience in this country. Where they think about the right to forget in the context of like secret dossiers being compiled on citizens with information that they may have said and that they should have the right to pull that down so nobody else can ever see it. Our tradition is that we have this tremendous amount of trust in institutions that they distrust and the converse I think is also true but it comes out of something very real that we often forget. Okay, if there are questions, we have time for a couple I think. Yes, Rebecca. Marnie, I have two questions. One is, as I'm sure you're aware, there's been a lot of people in the Middle East recently arrested and worse happening because of things they've posted on Facebook and there's an argument to be made. Had they been able not to use their real name, maybe some of them wouldn't be in jail. Is Facebook just not a place? For them, should they be on Tumblr? And then the second question. I mean, is Facebook just not meant for those people? But my second question that I would really love the answer to is that a couple years ago, Google started issuing something called the Transparency Report where it issues data country by country on requests it's getting from governments both to take down information or block information as well as handover requests for user information to those governments and they've started getting pretty granular about the percentage of requests they were complying with and so on. Does Facebook have plans to produce a similar transparency report and love to hear more details? So it wouldn't mind answering both questions, thanks. Okay, I'll start with the second. Bob Borson who's standing over there is just so pleased that you are highlighting this from Google right now, which is one of his projects. So we have thought about this and we've been thinking it through. We've talked to Google about how they do theirs. We've been talking to other companies about how they do theirs and are thinking it through. We haven't made a decision yet. I mean, there is a question about it, which is whether it has the right, whether it has its intended effect or whether, which is to curtail requests or to make it so that people understand what these requests are about. What I worry about a little bit is whether it creates a race to the bottom and that countries that currently are seeing another country make a lot of requests will then just say, well, if Brazil is making all these requests, why don't we make more requests? And then you sort of create a race to the bottom with the report. That's one kind of consideration that we've thought about but we are thinking about this. We are thinking about this. And then to your first question about in the Middle East. I mean, it's hard to say because at the beginning of this, I mean, a lot of people for a while, there was a celebration of how Twitter or Facebook or the social networking service had been used in the Middle East in order to connect and share and create visibility around where people were and unite and form community around a shared cause, right? And so back in, I mean, I recall that back at the end of 2010, beginning of 2011 in Tunisia, for example, we had a sense that, and this was actually something I worked with Bob, we had a sense that there was some interference with accounts in, with Facebook accounts in Tunisia. And so we tried to take certain security measures. So we rolled out HTPPS, a secure form of the internet in Tunisia. We messaged to users in Tunisia to say that there had been potentially interference with accounts. And we created, we introduced a multi-factor authentication with a social twist on it, which meant that you had to identify, you have to identify who pictures of your friends. And that's only something that really you can do and governments can't do so that we kept governments out. So those are the kinds of measures that we've put in place to create a secure, a more secure environment. But I think each person has to make decisions in situations like that, which is how visible they are and what kinds of risks that poses for them when they're making certain statements in a country at a given moment in time. Okay, why don't we just, I think have time maybe take two questions without replying, and then if either panelists has something to say about either, there's one and then there's the other one. Sorry to let one table. So Facebook uses filtering software to automatically filter a content before you share it on the website whenever you try to use the little Facebook share button that you see all over the web. Last week, this filter blocked me from sharing a news article from The Guardian because of specific language used in that article. The article cited a website that's currently facing a court case. Two questions. One is Tumblr built filtering software into its platform and how well-adjusted this grows. And secondly, for Facebook, what mechanisms and policies are in place to prevent censorship as a result of automatic filtering? Should we do, do you want to do them? Can I go? No. It's just the answer, no. There's a lot of things we haven't built. But just to say like a word about the broader point, like so we now live in this age where the terms and the policies that Marnie outlined earlier of private companies turn out to be super important for the viability of free speech in the world that we live in. And I think the ultimate policy implication is to keep the internet itself free and open so that lots of different services can flourish and thrive with different policies and approaches and basically take a free market, to embody a free market hope that there will be Tumblers and Facebooks with different approaches to that kind of thing. One that filters, one that doesn't, and that the aggregate of all of these services will be free speech. But it is still worth noting that as attention and time online get concentrated, the hands of a small number of companies, their policies become increasingly important. It's worth, I think it's worth paying attention to what they are. I don't think regulating them is a particularly good answer. But among users, thinking clearly about where you want to be speaking and where you want to be communicating is sort of part of the burden of being a citizen of the internet in 2012. Yeah, and I, as to the particulars of, I don't know the particulars of this instance, but as I was saying earlier, we do have terms of service and a code of conduct that exists on the site. And so I don't know what the, so I guess by definition we do restrict certain certain materials or certain content on the site. And I don't know the particulars of this one and why and what exactly happened, but generally the pushes towards openness and sharing and allowing that kind of free expression and sharing. So I don't know what it is that violated our terms in this particular case. You were promised the last question. So I wanted to ask when introducing Facebook into a new country or a new area or Tumblr too after, as you said, you'd get a business model or whatever. When introducing that into a new area, by what process do you sort of evaluate since you put kind of an emphasis on kind of complying with local laws and government requests, by what mechanism do you sort of evaluate, like navigate that labyrinth of when you're turning over information to some government, when the turning over of that information could result in a person or a group of people like getting harmed by the turning over of that information that we see in repressive regimes overseas or even domestically as that becomes easier and easier to do through legislation like CISPA that I believe Facebook supports. Well, we talked about a variety of most of this before, but when we introduce the service in new countries, I mean for the most part, the amazing thing about these internet services is that you create the service and you turn it on and for the most part it's available and accessible most places and so some of this kind of, so some of the stuff of understanding the various laws, local law happens over a period of time in this kind of an evolutionary process in terms of understanding it and also countries change their laws and so understanding this is something that is complex and hard. But as I was saying before, when it comes to interacting with governments, we've published a set of law enforcement transparency guidelines and those are quite stringent and that is what we use to guide how we interact with governments and we push back and we also comply with internationally recognized standards and process. So on that and then I would just say you just referenced CISPA and Facebook support and I would just mention one thing about that which is that CISPA was the, there was a Rogers bill that just was going through that was considered in the House of Representatives, a cybersecurity bill which related to information sharing and the reason we weighed into this debate about information sharing with respect to cybersecurity threats is that our paramount concern is protecting, our overwhelming objective is to protect our users and to protect our system and so getting information about cybersecurity threats as early as possible is really important but you have to do that but you also have to have definition around what information can be shared with whom and for what purpose and providing protections for the users while that's happening and so that's why we weighed into the debate. We want, we actually our objective is to protect our users and the way you get that currently under current law you can't share information in a timely fashion between companies or have the government share information with companies and so the idea is to be able to create some rules and structure around that. Unfortunately, it didn't quite strike the right balance with providing all the protections to users and so if this debate goes forward in the Senate the hope is that they'll be able to provide more definition around this. Okay, well thank you. I think our time is up and I think Mike Lind is gonna speak next. Is that right? But meanwhile, thanks so much. I learned a lot. Thank you.


Hello. In this short video, I'm going to show you how you can create your own development course shell. Development course shells are used to stage your course. With a development course shell, you can begin in advance of the coming term to work on the courses that you will be teaching at that time or in the further future. Once you have completed developing the course in this course shell, you will be able to copy that course into the official course shell that is created when the web advisor synchronization occurs with Canvas. The process is simple. From your dashboard, the first thing we will look for is start a new course. It's recommended that you choose a name that will be easy to recall. As well, you can provide a short name, which will make it easy for you to look for it if you do not recall the long name. I recommend that there are no spaces in your naming convention. You use underscores in between each word. Your content license should probably stay at private. This is a development shell and there's no point at which students, teachers assistants, or any others without your express action will be enrolled in this. In addition, or related, it is best to leave the course invisible publicly. So once we have this information here, we'll create the course. We'll be sent straight to the development shell. If you visit the people tab from the navigation bar, you will see that you have already been added as the teacher for this course and you are free to begin your development. If we return to the dashboard, you may see that this development shell has been added. If this is not what you would like to see, then you are free to go to courses, all courses. If the star is selected, deselect. Now you can see only the course which was there before is present. I can, however, continue to reach the development shell through the all courses selection. Courses, all courses. This course will not be used for teaching. It is used to develop and deploy your materials. It's a staging area. When the time comes for Southwestern College to create the official course shells, the shells into which students will be enrolled as they go through the registration process and web advisor, you will be enrolled as instructor to the official course shell and that course shell you will want to head to settings and import content to this course. From the content type drop-down, choose copy a canvas course. I'm going to choose the development course shell English 101, but it's also possible for me to simply search it using the name field over on the right. Once I have selected this, I can now choose all content. I can select certain content. I can adjust any dates that I may have set in the development shell. And then I can finally choose import. Import will retrieve the content from the development course shell and copy it to the official shell. That concludes the tutorial on creating your own development course shells. Thank you.


Hello, everybody. Andrew Maeski here with Dental L. So let me show you guys what I have bought recently that has made my mobile practice so much easier. So what I had before was a big luggage, basically. I had a big one and then one of those carry-on ones. But as soon as I saw a patient who I went to their house and they had steps to go down.  And I had to do that with all of my stuff. They were so nice. They did offer to help me, but I didn't want them to do any work, you know. So I did it all myself. But imagine taking this big luggage thing down a series of steps. It was hard. And then I thought, well, I'm probably going to have other patients too that live in a basement where I have to go down steps or when I go to apartment buildings. It's just a hassle, honestly. And I don't need all of that stuff. So over time, I have kind of learned sort of what I need. And hey, if I need something else, I can just easily get it from the car instead of having to lug everything down there just in case I need something. So this is from Costco, you guys. Check this out. Check this out. This is awesome, right? Now, I do still need a couple other things to carry, like my piezo can't fit in here. My instrument trays can't fit in here. My portable compressor obviously comes with its own thing. But most of my stuff can fit in here. So check this out. Pretty cool, right? So I kind of wanted to show you guys that I need something higher, right? So, hmm, how am I going to show you guys? So I'm just going to open up everything like kind of one by one. So my favorite part is this top part, actually. So this is this. And I have a tray in there right now. Can I show you guys with just like some odds and ends? I'm just trying not to drop it. Sorry. Oh, I have my webcam. Let me show you guys. Hold on. Let me pause this and then I'll show you. OK, guys, sorry. So I'm hilarious. So I'm just going to move the webcam, OK? Because that would just be so much easier. This is pretty heavy. So check this out. OK. Now I have to move it closer. Hold on. You guys can see that I totally have my comfy pants on today. There. Actually, let me do this. OK, so sorry. You guys can see my comfy pants and my socks. But this is so much easier. OK, let me move down this way. So at least you guys can see me, right? So check this out. So, yes, it's kind of messy now.  Yes, I do wipe everything, you know, all of that, but you just kind of throw things in. You're not being like careful to like put things right? So this I love this so much easier. I put things here, but I might have to kind of like grab quickly like micro brushes, just some extra gauze, piezo, you know, things like that, right? But this is obviously not as organized as I normally keep it. But this is dental professional life, right? We all like to think we're the most organized person, but we're not. I keep a nice mirror here and my instruments and pouches. I do have a lot in the sterilizer at the moment. But as you guys can see, tons of my things are like wrapped up, ready to go. I have some pumice for when I do sealants and the whitening. My curing light, safety glasses. I have just like some random saliva ejectors, which I do typically have somewhere else too, but sometimes I just miscalculate and I'll be like, oh, I need a saliva ejector. Where is that? Bibs, obviously. But let me close this up and show you guys kind of my next compartment here. Just kind of lift that. There we go. Let's take this out. So this is probably my second favorite because this has pretty much everything that I need, so almost. So when I see a patient, I will put the tray on the table and then I will just kind of lift things out from here. Like if I need for my profi handpiece, this thing there, I know that I will need some gauze. I know that I will need some of the floss. If I need, of course, a saliva ejector, if I need something to hold the saliva ejector, a couple of things for the whitening, you know, just a little like odds and ends.  Oh, and these are for when I apply the silver diamine, it can stain black, right? So I just sort of put it on here, put it like up to the tooth with my micro brush and it's just so much easier to sort of like in and out, right? And then this goes in the garbage and this obviously to just in case you were wondering what these are, they're called tattoo rings. I got them off of Amazon, but they're very, very helpful.  Oh, her sister is here. So let me just see if she also needs a toothbrush, you know, things like that. So I just have a couple of toothbrushes in here, some lip balm that I had made with my dental L mobile hygiene. Check that out. Sorry, it's kind of hard to see with the light, but my goodie bags, which oh my God, you guys, aren't these so cute, so cute. My whitening kits for take home. And these work awesome, by the way. Stickers for the kids and toothpaste for everybody. So just kind of like little things here and there. Once again, just like little things, but typically I do have all of that prepared ahead of time because I am mobile, so I have to be organized. But as I said, like these are more for if I'm going to somebody's house and oh, they have the sisters who's here.  That kind of thing. On the bottom is just sort of another thing where just like odds and ends. So I have some extra bits, some cheek retractors, you guys, right here. Sorry, it's kind of hard with the light. My whitening solution is all inside of here. I can show you guys if you're curious. Of course you're curious, right? So my whitening solution, I just sort of put like in a more organized manner in here. I have some separate syringes for take home and then for the in-office or in-home application since I go to people's homes. I have these intraoral mirrors, which are so helpful when I do my intraoral photos. Some more like cheek retractors and a shade guide. People love this, by the way. People are like, oh, that's so cool. So even if you don't plan to do the whitening, show them this and they will want to. So just a little tip for you. And some masks. I usually keep my gloves and my like disinfecting tubs in a different container. There's so much stuff. When you travel to somebody's house, there's so much stuff. But this little thing here, honestly, guys, it's pretty heavy because I do have a lot of stuff in there as you can see. But this has saved me a ton. Like I would have put all of this in a big like luggage container and then I would have to look through the luggage container for all of my stuff. But as you can imagine, this is so much easier to carry than a big luggage thing. And it just looks to my patients that I have less stuff and that I'm not like moving in, you know, because I did have a lot of stuff. So sorry, let me move this. So I hope that helps. Sorry for the impromptu video there. I should have thought about that earlier, but pretty awesome, right, you guys? I'll just kind of show you guys that again. Oh, it's so heavy. This is from Costco. It was on sale. So I don't think it's on sale now, but that's from Costco. So thank you guys so much for watching. Whoops, let me adjust. Okay, I'm just gonna adjust that later on. I don't know what I'm doing. There we go. So thank you guys for watching. If you have any questions, let me know. I do hope this helps to see how I keep things organized. I'm not perfect, but I'm learning as I go. So have a good day, you guys, and let me know if any questions.


Hi everyone, Joe for jaspyscasewrakes.com with our last filler, question mark maybe? There's still some full spots left in that 17-18 basketball mixer And so we're gonna we're gonna give it a little bit of time But if we don't see any full spots move then we'll create a real last filler So this is last filler question mark. All right, let's do the break We're gonna do 2020 2021 Donner's basketball jumbo pack number three So we'll do the break just like normal and at the end we'll re-randomize everybody's name give away Nine spots in that basketball mixer, but first the break big. Thanks to this group for making it happen There you are there Shawn McAllister. I like that you got into it. I like this. I like this strategy Let's just buy a spot first. We'll ask questions later. Thank you, Shawn There the teams right there. Let's roll it and randomize it one and a five six times So we're gonna do the break for a different dice roll for the giveaway part at the end of the video one two three four five and six and No trade windows in the filler breaks, of course One and a five six times of the teams one two and six All right, so no trade windows here, but here's the first half of the list right there There's the second half right over here Good luck. Let's alphabetize by team. Let's print and rip. I Like that Shawn. That's how he rolls. He says My spots first ask questions later Speaking of hoops, I guess today's Wednesday, so is this a ESPN night for basketball? Yes, it is We can see is it Mavs at Mavs at a pelicans Five minutes 5 30 left in the first quarter game just started and Mavs up 18 12 All right Thanks everyone for making this happen appreciate it. There's the list hot off the presses There's the pack. I suppose there could be some surprises in a retail pack and a hangar pack Let's see what we got here. Maybe some some rookie cards would be nice I think we're shipping these bit of vet commons by the way, but That'll ship soul this There's Skyler Maze Naysmith killing Hayes Patrick Williams Cassius Winston Nick Richards and Patrick Williams is having a decent Decent season for the bowls Kenneth with that one Just a nice parallel Skyler Maze Russell with Atlanta And of course, there's Lamello ball Great expectations his rookie card right there a lot of expectations for him All right, that's that nothing too crazy there But the crazy part is who's gonna win spots for a fraction of the price Let's gather everybody's names one through thirty new dice new list and it's gonna be the top nine after Ten five into five ten the hard way One two three four five Six seven eight nine and tenth and final time So from ten on down It's gonna be sad times Kind of very very close, but no cigar here can thank you for trying ten through thirty appreciate everybody Everybody's efforts on this, but only the top nine can get in to the next break, which is the mixer Diego. You're in Kenneth. Oh, you did get in Ken. There you go Steve Burch. You're in so is Diego again Evan Stephen Roy Sean and Steve So congrats the top nine you've won You've won spots in that basketball mixer. Hopefully we'll get that done tonight. Jasper's case race calm. Bye. Bye


Lately, Jenny said, I've been feeling a lot more dragon-ish. The other nine people sitting around the circle nodded and made sympathetic noises as agent Griggs suppressed a groan. I've been hoarding cash, Jenny said, and feeling greedy and gluttonous. Yesterday, I cooked a meatloaf, and I ate it all in one night, and I've been really wondering what it would be like to sleep on a bed of coins. So what you're saying is that you're a fat, greedy b****. Griggs thought, I really don't know what to do. On the one hand, I want to express my dragon-ish side a bit more, but on the other hand, I've gained 10 pounds, and my friends and family think I'm being weird.  Well… Master of the Summer Court of the High Elvish Legion, better known as Thomas Smith of the Joya, said, Can any of us think of anything that could help our draconian sister with her problems? I can, said the peppy young Kasumiko, born Vanessa Charleston of San Diego. Jenny, maybe you should try role-playing things out. If you ever feel like kidnapping a maiden, maybe you could have a friend volunteer to get tied up for a bit. She bounced up and down in her chair. The fake fox ear she wore, waving a bid in response. I don't know if my friends would be up for that, Jenny said, smiling. And honestly, it's not really the whole kidnapping-maidens thing that's getting to me. Morally eating too much and wanting to hoard things. Nightshadow? Lorettenall said to Griggs, You've been quiet. Anything to add? Hmm? Not really. Griggs said, Sorry, I've been distracted lately. Problems with the rest of the vampire council? Lorettenall asked sympathetically.  You know I can't talk about that without breaking my vows. Griggs said, Slowly and carefully. Everyone else around the circle nodded sympathetically. Well, Lorettenall said, I think we've done some good work. Just something to keep in mind though, Autalk has been snooping around recently and we're worried that they may try a snatch and grab. Remember what happened to Bianca? That angry teenage girl who you swore were kidnapped by government agents, but turned up in a crack house in Compton? And be safe. Meeting adjourned. Everyone stood up and started to gather their things. By the way, Jenny said, I'm feeling hungry. Anyone want to come with me to get a burger? Meat? Ugh. Lorettenall shuddered. I can't eat gluten. Razorfang the White Claw pointed out. I'll come. Kisumiko giggled. Want to come a long night's shadow? Maybe. If it meant I could put a bullet between your eyes. I don't eat meat, remember? Was all Griggs said. Aw, that's right. Well, time to go. Ta-da! She grabbed Jenny by the arm and dragged the quiet girl out of the room. Thank God. Griggs sighed. He drove three blocks away before pulling into a parking lot and taking out a cell phone. He checked his contacts, found the number for his Autoc handler, and hit the dial button. Autoc here, the voice said, after the first ring. Report.  Griggs sighed.  Can I stop now? Have you confirmed whether any of them are actual past lifers or non-humans? The voice asked. What? No. I haven't confirmed anything. Because there's nothing to confirm.  Griggs repeated, unacceptable. Capture them and bring them in for further examination. Damn it, are you kidding me? Griggs groaned.  You have your orders. Autoc out. Griggs groaned and rested his head against the steering wheel as he heard the dial tone. Shit. He groaned. Now I gotta rent a van. Oh, hey Night Shadow. The red knoll said, smiling, you're here early. Was just thinking that maybe I could help out a bit with the snacks or something. Griggs said, I've kind of been a bit of a jerk recently. Understandable.  Kasumiko is in the kitchen making guacamole. Maybe you can help her out? Sounds good. Griggs said. His index finger gently rested against the small vial in his coat pocket. In the kitchen, the cute young woman with the fox ears on her head was humming quietly to herself as she pitted and peeled a large number of avocados. Night Shadow. She squealed before giving Griggs a big hug. Good to see you. The red knoll was just asking if you needed some help with your guacamole. Griggs asked. Nah. I'm just setting up my second batch of avocados so that I can make a second batch quick when the first one runs out. Kasumiko said, giggling, why don't you take this bowl out to the snacks table? Sure thing. Griggs said. He calmly picked up the bowl of guacamole, carried it out to the snacks table. Then after glancing to either side to make sure he wasn't being watched, opened up the vial of liquid and poured it into the bright green dip. He took a moment to stir it in with a big wooden spoon and, having completed his mission, slipped the vial back into his coat pocket and, so what is it? Kasumiko asked coldly. Flu-nitrazapam? Chemohydroxybutyrate? Griggs spun around just in time to get the darts of Kasumiko's taser in his chest. He fell to the ground screaming as the lightning coursed through his body. Glor! Kasumiko shouted. On it! Loredinal shouted back. He raced into the room, carrying some kind of crazy headpiece that looked like a colander with a ton of wires attached to it and put it on the still-twitching Griggs' head. You mother-f***! Griggs shouted. F***! I will find and consume them. Nothing can halt the hunger of the Ohtok. I'm losing it! Loredinal shouted. Dammit! Containment is failing! Ex-a-s***!  Loredinal dove for him, tried to pull him off, only to be flung across the room by a massively powerful arm, slumping unconscious to the ground.    She rolled over and threw up on the kitchen floor, then started to cry, s***. Kasumiko groaned, f***ing s***. How long until you think that it'll find another host? Wondered agent lore of assessment team 296, Eagle Pavees. The otock? No idea. Sometimes it takes a year. Sometimes a month. Sometimes only a day. Agent Miko put her hand on a partner's shoulder, and gave it an encouraging squeeze. We'll find it. Huck in the bright side. No one got off by it this time. We've still got a lot of amnestics to give out. Lore pointed out. And a PTE to evaluate. Why don't you let me handle that part? Miko said. You help coordinate the cleanup. Of course. Lore sighed. But he straightened up and walked back into the house to help the laundry man deal with the evidence. Miko took a moment to compose herself, then walked across the backyard to where the miserable looking Jenny still sat on the stone bench.  She shuddered as Miko sat down next to her and put an arm around the younger girl. Nice work, kiddo. Miko whispered, stroking her friend's hair. Nice work. I don't know what happened.  And then it was time for the weeping and the screaming and the angry shouting. And then the nervous laughing. It was a good long while before Jenny was looking a bit more like her old self again. But it did eventually happen. Well, Miko laughed, ruffling her friend's hair. I hope you've had your fill of downslut in distress for a while. For a long while Jenny agreed, laughing nervously. She was going to be okay, Miko thought, and she stood up. Look, Jenny, I gotta go help clean this stuff up. She said. There's a guy coming. Think of him kind of like a social worker for people like you and he'll help you get situated in your new life.  All right, Jenny said, taking a deep breath. Will I ever see you again? I hope not, Miko thought, but she gave Jenny a weak smile and stood up to go back into the house. Miko? Hmm? Are you really Aikatsune? And is Loredinal really, uh, Prince of the Elves? Miko laughed. Fast lives and alien souls? Nah, I don't believe in that stuff. It's make-believe.


Hello, my name is William. Let's learn today how no matter the distance or time zones, GitLab and its version control and collaboration tools can help Sasha and her team deliver software and execute on ideas. This is a distributed team with one idea. They want to build an e-learning platform. They are all located in different regions and time zones. Such differences become irrelevant when they are all brought together by GitLab, a single application where they can plan and execute their idea, putting together different roles and expertise. Initially, business and architecture folks define and plan the steps to create the e-learning platform. They prioritize and assign the work to other team members. Let's follow up on a normal day of work. What does it look like? First, the designer and developer need to create an initial version of the platform website. To do that, the designer in this case will start from the issue where this step is described. By using GitLab and Figma, the designer can work on professional mockups and quickly upload them to GitLab to its corresponding issue. It's a matter of right-clicking, finding the issue and clicking on upload. That was easy. Now, with the initial design on GitLab, I can collaborate with Sasha, the developer in charge of creating the initial version of this. As the designer, I can select specific parts of the design and comment or explain further how I want it to look like or behave. For example, I want to initiate a thread on this chat widget. Alright, now when Sasha, the developer, checks the issue, she can see the design and read the designer comments. In this case, it's not clear for her if the widget icon should look like that on the footer, so Sasha just asks this question in the open thread. The designer reads Sasha's comment and question, fix the mockup and uploads a new version to the issue. Here we can see that the design asset is under version control. We are using the last one where the fix has been added as per Sasha's suggestion. The thread gets resolved and it's time to code. From this issue, Sasha will create a merge request. By the way, this team has adopted GitLab flow. Sasha creates an initial version of the main page using the web IDE. She puts the code there and alright, so is this it? Commit the changes and is it done? Well, no yet. Let's bring our attention for a second here. The merge request creates a new branch where Sasha will commit this code. This will help me to have short-lived branches during the development cycle. Moving on, once I add a meaningful commit message, in GitLab I have configured code owners, which in this case, before merging, I need approval. Someone to review the code, so just changes and so on. In this case, this other developer has been identified as the approver based on the file extension. Code owners is configured to select this person as the approver if the file being commit is .html. Now, as the approver, I can review what has been commit. In this case, while reading the code, I can make multi inline review and comments. I will suggest Sasha to separate the JavaScript widget and code from the main website HTML. And same goes for the CSS file. It's better to have it in a separate location. Well, that was it. Sasha, the developer, reads the code review along with the suggested changes and it starts to implement them. Using the web IDE, she can create folders to put the JavaScript and CSS codes in different locations. She can quickly work on that without leaving GitLab. Once she's ready, she will commit the changes and lastly resolve the threads in the code review conversation. Alright, now as the approver, with all the threads resolved, I am okay with the changes. So, I will approve and merge it. As we can see here, this will automatically start GitLab CI CD pipeline. We'll talk about it later. Once deployed, thanks to GitLab CI CD, this is how the main page looks like. Not bad for a first iteration, right? I've got the feeling this widget will be reusable. So, let's go back to GitLab and create a code snippet. The chat widget will be needed many times. So, instead of having to look for it in the code base, I want to make it available as a code snippet, this in order to ensure component reusability. In GitLab, by clicking on snippets, I can paste here the code and create this file that corresponds to the JavaScript widget or chat widget that we have been using before. Great, now I can reuse this snippet and embed it in other parts of the project if I need to. So, what if I want to edit the main website by adding the widget snippet? Let's do it. All I have to do is to paste a URL of the snippet. Okay. Oh, it didn't work. Why? Well, because I was trying to commit to the main branch, which is configured as a protected branch. In addition to that, we also have code owners configured. So, to make any change, we need to create a merge request. Remember, this company adopted GitLab flow. Thanks to this feature, we have protected the main site and any change will be done only after being reviewed and approved. As organizations accelerate delivery through DevOps, controlling and managing different versions of the application assets from code to configuration and from design to deployment, it's incredibly important. With GitLab, this team here can have velocity with robust version control and traceability, plus enabling them to give structure to their ideas and to work in a distributed and asynchronous environments. Stay tuned and let's continue learning at GitLab.


Election officials say Minnesota's voter turnout in the midterm elections was the best in the nation. The state canvassing board met Tuesday to certify results of the November 6th general election. Secretary of state Steve Simon says for the second election in a row, Minnesota's voter participation was the best in the U.S. Simon says the total number of voters in Minnesota was more than 2.6 million. That means 64.25 percent of eligible Minnesotans voted, surpassing the next closest state, Colorado, by more than a full percentage point. Minnesota's voter turnout was the highest it's been for a midterm election since 2002, and the highest total number of midterm voters ever. The board also approved a contingency plan for a publicly funded recount, if requested, in Statehouse District 5A. DFL or John Purcell finished with eight more votes than Republican Matt Bliss in the general election. That is close enough for a publicly funded recount, which Bliss has indicated he will seek.


The year is 1793. Washington begins a second term as president. America is not a superpower. America is not a power at all. It is a new nation, struggling to make its new representative government work in an ancient world still dominated by royalty and kings. Burdened by debts from the American Revolution, the United States depends on its former enemy, Great Britain, for the majority of its trade. Across the Atlantic, America's ally in the Revolutionary War, France, is in the midst of its own popular revolution, going so far as to execute their king, Louis XVI. The people of France rise up, violently overthrowing the aristocracy. These common people form the national convention and seize the levers of power as thousands are murdered. The revolution of the Enlightenment has spread, but in a way that many in the United States fear. War breaks out against the Republic of France, as the monarchies of Europe unite. Over a dozen surrounding countries join the war to stop France's new government and prevent a people's revolution within their own borders. France turns to its old ally, the United States. France was there for the United States during America's Revolution. Now they feel it's America's turn to stand with France. In America, support for France, a fellow republic, is strong. But what can America do? The United States' young economy is dependent on trade with Great Britain, whose powerful navy exerts control over most of the Atlantic. America has no navy and no permanent army. It has also recently suffered a massive military defeat under General Sinclair in the Ohio River Valley against the combined tribes of the Western Confederacy. Surrounded by enemies in a world descending into war, how can America survive? And what can you do to ensure that it does? Journey back now into history and step into the shoes of the founders of our nation, as you attempt to guide our country through a critical period of the world at war.


Good afternoon, everyone. My name is Alex Netsekal and I'm a PhD student in computer science at the University of Göttingen and I'm working at the Institute for Digital Humanities. Welcome to my short talk about image and object recognition, where I'm going to present our current work and combined with that two upcoming third-party funded projects in our institute. Unfortunately, Professor Lander is not able to attend and sends apologies, so because of that I will present a short summary for both projects myself, so I will have to be sufficient. I'm going to talk about both our projects, Iqrafsun and Schemata, begin by clarifying the aims and techniques, continue with recounting what work has already been done and conclude by giving you an outlook on further possibilities and those respective fields. The project Iqrafsun is a cooperation between the Institute for Digital Humanities of the University of Göttingen under the direction of Professor Martin Langer and the Information Systems and Machine Learning Lab at the University of Hilversheim under the direction of Professor Larsen Thiemel. The project's framework was three years and it will cover two PhD positions and will start this December. Like the other project Schemata, Iqrafsun will also have one PhD student from the humanities and one from the field of computer science to work on each of their fields in a joint project. Basically, the question regarding the identity and overall of the producers of painted crequises has been addressed by archaeology for over 150 years. The computer-assisted analysis of attic wastes is offering the opportunity to put controversial working methods of classical archaeology which were previously based on the expert eye of connoisseurs to the test. For not isolated criteria, but characteristic combinations of details will help objectifying the allocations of painters which can then be compiled and weighted much more easily by computational methods. Additionally, the significance of the archaeology circular method is to be debated controversially because the connoisseurship of individual researchers can hardly be objectified as a hermeneutic basis. Therefore, in the project Iqrafsun, the assignment of wastes to painters, workshops and groups is no longer exemplary and intuitive but on a broad basis of actual data. The aim is to investigate how the attribution criteria are systemized, how they evaluate their relevance and how the importance of similarity networks is historically weighted by precisely naming criteria and arguments. For this purpose, Iqrafsun will develop a data-driven telemetry for attic wastes based on multimodal representations like images and 2D ceramic profiles. In the first step, a selection of waste paintings are being annotated by human experts to mark figures, objects and ornaments. Based on these annotations, we are training a deep convolutional neural network. In the second step, we will determine deep convolutional neural network architectures which can predict whether two waste images of human experts have been assigned to the same painter. From the point of view of machine learning, we have to solve a supervised clustering recall linkage problem for images. We will specifically examine those models that factor to a high degree through semantic representations such as scene descriptions and object glass specific prototypes that allow us to provide clear explanations for the model's decisions. Similar questions about the protest assignment as well as further questions about typical cooperation scenarios between different painters or protestant painters can be answered by exon-mining explanations and outliers of such models. Since the body of attic waste painting is limited and currently compromises about 19,000 vessels, a multi-task learning approach will be used. In cooperation with the Corpus Versorum Antiquovan Germany, a corpus of initially about 20,000 wastes or approximately 50,000 photos will be created. For this, we are using the CVI volumes, 20 painting monographs and digital photos of the museums. Additional tasks such as classifying and describing the objects will enable us to learn better latent representations for waste painting. For the question regarding the relevance of the similarity networks for concrete relationships between the wastes, the use of computers is able to provide impulses because it is possible to describe the type and degree of similarity in a comprehensible way. Another goal is to test digital image classification methods by fundamentally investigating the relationships between archaeological heminoitics, intuitive connoisseurship and data-based objectification and cognition in a central and intensively researched area of classical archaeology. Coming to the second project, the project Chemata, which is done in cooperation with the Gesellschaft für Wissenschaftliche Datenverarbeit in Wöttingen, we are moving into the field of object recognition in terms of working with shape analysis on captured 3D objects of Hellenistic terracottas. The goal of Chemata is not only to develop procedures for automatically generating corpora using 3D pattern recognition but also to reflect on the associated schematizations and how they can be applied in computer science and visual sciences. Based on 200 quite similar terracottas of the late 4th and 3rd centuries BC, a classification system which is able to meet the complexity of the artifacts with digital methods will be elaborated. For this purpose, methods of object mining and 3D data that support the search for a suitable classification and categorization of the images are to be developed. In close cooperation between computer science and archaeology, this experimental process thus leads to a fundamental examination of the concept of pattern recognition as a humanities category. The discussion of the various concepts and methods will be carried out in two complementary dissertations by Lucie Böckler and myself. The creation of the corpus for Chemata consisting of 3D models of the mentioned Hellenistic terracottas has already started and has to be in close cooperation with the museums. First scans were taken from the original collection of the archaeological institute in Göttingen as well as from the Martin von Wagner Museum in Wolfsburg. A structured light scanner is being used for achieving the best surface resolution possible using current methods. The data has then progressed, triangulated and pre-processed to be ready for analysis. The pre-processing of the 3D scans is aiming to prepare the data for later processing. For this purpose, the 3D objects are converted to polygithrons, scaled, cleaned, aligned and converted into additional 2D data sets using unwrapping as well as multi-view convolutional neural networks where the output of multiple convolutional neural networks is given as one global descriptor. A different form of pre-processing is required for each calculation performed. Each descriptor characterizes an aspect of the model like geometry or semantics to then be used by dissimilarity functions to measure the distances between the descriptors. Finally, different algorithms can use both of them to classify the data. A global descriptor depicts the whole object with a single vector while local descriptors describe the shape of chosen regions around specific feature points. Both kinds of descriptors are important in 3D computer version and are being used in this project. Global descriptors are being utilized for various possibilities of detecting similarity in two or more objects. Therefore, the object can, for example, be converted to a spherical function or shape functions based on the center or random surface points. This can be used to compute several features of the 3D object automatically. On this slide, you can see three different approaches as a first example that work with random points on the surface of the 3D model where the angles, distances, and the geodesic distance can be measured. A second example shows the orientation and center of the object as determined to then be used with distance measurements. In the last example, you can see the spherical approach dividing the object into sectors along the spherical angles, distributing the model area to construct the shape histogram by counting the number of surface points in each spherical cell. The already mentioned multi-view convolutional neural networks are being used to get virtual cameras around the object, thus taking 2D data into consideration to form ways to progress 3D data with the same possibilities as for 2D data. This complements the 2D investigations also taking place with other 2D data of the real-world objects. Finally, the stances of the objects are analyzed using the scalatization of 3D objects to work with a minimized data set of posture key points from the extracted skeleton. This way, the objects can be compared on a semantic basis to complement the other descriptions of similarity. Local descriptors are also an essential part in this field and already being used in the recording of 3D objects in terms of points to match the single 3D scans taken from every angle of the real-world object. Once those key points are found in the final 3D object, they can be used for a variety of methods based on curvatures, histograms, or back-of-feature techniques, among many others. The challenge in this data is not only the amount of information but also the demands in terms of precision in the humanities. In order to live up to that, a combination of different techniques in the field of local descriptors will be used to complement the already worked-on global descriptors for a better result in similarity. Complementing the field of shape analysis is also best fit from the field of shape comparison, where a tolerance-based approach is used to compare two objects in terms of resemblance. The differences are then given in terms of distances between both measures after they are aligned on the basis of geometrical consistency. This data will be used as a first way to filter through the objects and to then use the more complex calculations of shape analysis on them. To accomplish this, a data pipeline with multiple analyzing methods will be used to determine the computed similarity. Finally, there might be an object mining that will automatically compare various grades of similarity and determine which category and subcategory or type the respective artifact belongs in. In constant balance between archeological and informatic analysis, new criteria of similarity will be defined and evaluated in both disciplines. The approach is therefore making it possible to firstly carry out a best fit shape comparison with selected comparative pieces and secondly use this comparison to fine-tune the pattern recognition function progressively from post-schema and figure type to mode identity. The goal is to develop a case study to achieve a finely tuned categorization and classification method whose capabilities extend beyond those of verbal descriptive approaches. As mentioned before, the pre-processing of the 3D scans aims to prepare the data for later processing. The computing step defines the core of the workflow in which the mentioned methods and selected algorithms are executed with various parameters on the prepared actions. After the data has been obtained from the calculations, the processing and visualization must be taken over in post-processing. Regarding the quality of the results, an algorithm providing the similarity restart can be weighted differently so the outcome of all methods combined will ensure the best result possible. A Grausen will focus completely on 2D images, while Schemata will focus on 3D but also taking 2D analysis into account, each of them aiming to grasp the concept of similarity. Both will work in the restrictive fields to open up new ways of automated similarity detection to make it possible to link similar data to each other automatically without any need for manual annotation. Therefore, artificial intelligence can help to build up large corpora if scientists like archaeology will be able to provide a sufficient number of objects. A multitude of opportunities arise out of this, among which I would like to mention just a few. Automatic recognition of certain image types and motifs, as well as the assignment of fragments, are possible studies for both projects in the future. Also, multimodal research, as well as combining written descriptions with automated detection or in creating written descriptions in an automated way and uniform vocabulary, could be another step. The combination of a first-distant viewing of the material with a follow-up close viewing of the individual objects is present in both objects, as it is a core problem of classification. Lastly, the connoissorship problem remains an active field of research and it has to be ex-amined how far the automatic digital classification is the same as the connoissar knowledge and if not in which ways it might complement given structures. Thank you for your time.