Rydyn ni'n bwyd ei wneud i gweithio i dwngen nhw Oedden i ni'n ddechrau yn y ryml un minus i gyd, felly mae'n grwb arall digon nhw yn gwneud i chi'n gwybod nhw, â'r ffordd yn ddigon nhw'n gweithio i chi gyd ar gweithio nhw yn ei eich gweithiau nhw, ac mae'n ddo i, mae'n cael ei wneud i chi gweithio eich gweithio o'r llunion. Felly, allwn i chi ddiwrnod yno, yna'r 25 arferfyrdd. ac mae hwn yn dweud o'r llwyffan o'i gwybodaeth ddweud i gyd yn dweud i gyd ymddangos i'r cwmffrin. Dwi'n gwybod i'n ffordd ar y cwmffrin yn gadebio'n gwybod, rydyn ni'n golygu'r cwmffrin yn gyd i gael. Rwy'n gwybod i'n gwybod i'r cwmffrin, ac rydyn ni'n gwybod i'r cwmffrin'u gwybod i'r cwmffrin. Dwi'n gwybod i'r cwmffrin, mae Martin, yng Nghymru, a chyfnodd rydyn ni wedi'u gweithio'n meddwl yng Nghymru yma. Mae'n fydig o'r ffocos ar y cael ei gael, ac mae'n mynd i'n mynd i'n meddwl ymlaen nhw, fel y 25 ar gyfer yma. Yn y gweithio'r gweithiau, mae'n gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio. Mae'n gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio. Mae'n gweithio a'r newid ymlaen nhw'n gwneud, ac yn ymlaen nhw, ar y gymryd egg, mae'n gweithio'n gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio'n gymryd gyda ni i'ch leности'n ffots o hyfa o ddechrau ac yn y tuwch iawn yma ymlaen nhw i fywdo i'r treffaiddio i sefydling oedd. Mae'n mynd i'n mynd i'u gweithio, ac mae hyn yn cael ei ei ddechrau, mae'n gwneud eu mynd i'r tanryf yn gwneud, ac all ddysgu'r dweud sefydliadau yn dweud i'n gwneud i wneud i'r ddiwyddiadau gyda'r ddechrau i'r cyffredinol a'r gweithio ar y dyfyn o'r 25 ymlaenau. Mae'n fydd i ddod o'r ddweud i ddwylo'r llei'r llei, Felly, mae'n gweithio'r cyffredinol yn y dyfodol, ond mae'n ddigonio'r cyffredinol yn gyda'r CEO Maron. Felly, am ydych chi'n gweithio'r cyffredinol yma, mae'r Maron i'r cyffredinol yn yn fwy o'r gwneud o'r cyffredinol, mae'n ddweud o'r cyffredinol yn gweithio'r cyffredinol. Maron, mae'n cyffredinol, yn cyffredinol ar y cyffredinol, Ond yna'r 10th yma yn ymddangos iawn. A mae'n oes edrych yn ysgrifennu armaron. Mae'r ffordd o'r ddechrau a'r ddefnyddio yn ddod o'r ffordd yma yn yma yn y cyfnod gyda'r gwrs. Mae'r ddweud yn fawr ar eich oedd bwysig a'r ddweud yn y ddweud yn ddweud bod yn ardal i'r ddweud a'r ddweud yn y cyfnod cyfnod yma yn y ddweud yma. A'r ddweud yn y ddweud i gael yw'r ddweud I really want to support the community because I feel immensely proud and privileged to be your representatives and to chair our organisation. But Marin represents and in many ways is the voice of our community on many, many stages. And to that we are all very grateful as you can have seen from this morning, I'm not very good at being Marin at times. But we're grateful for the work that Marin does. She's a wonderful ambassador and advocate for the association and the work of our community. But Marin is also uniquely placed now to give her own insights into the role of learning technology and leadership. I mean Marin is a fantastic leader as well and her own voice is becoming increasingly visible through her blog. Many of you might have seen the article that she published for 1KG on Tuesday. If you haven't I urge you to go and go and read it. So on our 25th anniversary it gives me great pleasure to invite Marin on the stage not to organise me or anybody else, but to share her words of wisdom with you about advocacy on learning technology. So please give a warm welcome for today's keynotes. I'm really excited and I have to say that Amber and Tressie have set the bar pretty high. I'm really grateful to my team and the trustees to make it possible for me to take a step back from organising this event and for being the face of out. I sometimes feel like I'm a building or a piece of paper when I walk into a room because most people say hello are you out? And I'm like yes, first day in the job that was a bit of a shock. But I don't think I'm going to take a leaf out of giving you a marketing talk or I've not brought any breakdowns of our pricing structure. I've also not brought any solutions. Instead I thought I'm going to take the opportunity to share with you who I am and what insight I gain working at the heart of what you do. So I wanted to introduce myself by showing you a very tattered old laptop that I used to do most of my work on and that I love dearly and that from all of the contributions from member organisations over the last few years has become more and more colourful. The Captain Picard badge is my own addition because I'm a Star Trek fan at heart and when I was little Captain Picard and the Enterprise was my blueprint for what it was like to be a leader. I'm pleased to say that since then I've met many wonderful inspiring individuals and many of them are here in the room today who have diversified my role models of what it means to lead in learning technology and I hope that in turn I help to inspire some more diversity in our leadership. But I have a very privileged position and I think that's one of the things I'm going to come back to speaking about later. Now standing in my shoes is a very unique perspective as Sheila mentioned. I get to work with everyone from ministers and policy makers in the UK and also internationally to individuals who use a gadget for the first time who might be struggling with PowerPoint underneath desk trying frantically to plug things in and all of the members from across sectors in the UK and internationally really inform my perspective and inform my work and my practice as a learning technologist. I can't cover all of that in less than an hour but I do hope that I can give you some insight in what it means to stand in my shoes. I'm not from within one of organisations. I don't work in one college or in one university although I have done my part of lecturing and being at the front of classrooms and supporting staff in the past. But I do have the privilege to journey all across our membership and meet many of you in person. And so all the photographs in my presentation today are taken from work trips that I've done over the last year because as I'm trained as an artist and an anthropologist as well I thought I'd show you in material and visual terms exactly what my perspective is made of. But the title of my talk and the theme for today is Beyond Advocacy and I'm particularly interested in looking at the horizon and what's on the horizon. I'm going to start by quoting Audrey Waters, his keynote a few years with us, who has really inspired me and also informs my thinking and Audrey's work in particular her work analysing the recent horizon report has I think been really interesting. And Audrey is looking at the horizon reports each year when they get published and look what's on the prediction curve. So look at what's ahead and then actually check back and see has that come true. How many times have we predicted the same things on and again on the horizon? And so Audrey wrote that after doing her analysis which she's published as well and I urge you to read she writes that I'll take away now and then and always. Do not worry about what this report says is on the horizon. I bet you in 5, 10, 20 years time folks will still be predicting that it's almost here. Nothing in ed tech ever dies. It just gets renamed, rebranded as innovative in space and circulation forever. It's zombie ed tech always on the horizon. And given that I did my PhD in cemeteries and I'm fully versed in all burial culture sundries I think zombie ed tech is right up my street. And I'm incredibly frustrated at times with this narrative about what's always on the horizon and how that's going to solve all the problems that we have. And that's one of the questions that I hope to get to explore with you today. Because ed tech does keep promising us and I think being locked into a sort of perpetual cycle of not arriving, of just advocacy for tech that does not deliver to its full potential that's never really quite there where we think it could go. That's I think causing us some issues and we can go back through the history of learning technology and come across countless solutions of solving problems and I think some of the sessions at this conference will have been looking back into the history of learning technology some from a more personal feminist perspective others more from a straight historical critical perspective have helped really highlight that. There's always promises of cutting costs or retaching teacher workloads to improve learning outcomes or to increase student satisfaction. But this outlook on a global scale I think places the UK on a national level in a policy context that I heard a Finnish education expert Pasi Saalberg at OEB last year describe as follows. He had this wonderful diagram and in my notes you'll see links to that. Pasi shared some of the wisdom of why Finland is top of all the education league table and he says there's two types of education policy making and the type that he feels we have in the UK is characterised as market led privatisation text based accountability, deprofessionalisation, standardisation and competition resulting in his view in unsuccessful policy making. And I think for me there is part of our reliance on what the future might hold and the potential that might bring is partly responsible for our policy making not maybe taking a challenge now. Now advocating for what's just beyond the horizon I think brings three problems with it and on this slide which is from my visit to launch out Northern Ireland earlier this year I've highlighted three that I feel are particularly key. First it gives us the sense that technological innovation is the driver behind change the only solution to solving issues that we face. I think the dominant narrative, the way I see it is that we are at the mercy, we're not empowered of we're at the mercy of inevitable innovation of the march of the machine. So the robot that's marching towards taking your role or the data that's going to control the rest of your life and that we need to keep running in order to keep pace. And this in turn highlights the second problem that a perspective informed by advocacy focuses only on what's ahead that increases our perception to compete harder with each other both as individuals and between different institutions we're always running to keep up. And the third issue that I've identified and that I think comes out again and again is that this perspective of continual advocacy for technology to solve our problems tends to ignore history. The research and the evidence that we now have and we do have 25 years and more of research that old and other bodies have collated and individuals like yourselves have contributed to. So I think one of the questions I want us to think about is whether being focused on advocating what's always just on the horizon what's always just beyond our ability to make happen now whether we're using that to observe us from some of the ethical responsibility we have to really actively solve some of the issues now. And also from not being focused on some of the problems that we have right now and some of the real challenges I think we're facing here in the UK and also as educators is part of a global community. So I do promise there are some more cheerful parts of this talk as well but at the beginning of that I saw a little bit more critical. Now I thought I'd make it three out of three for Martin Weller to be quoted in keynotes so I think he does definitely owe us a book particularly as he is not here now but like you all I've been following his blog posts on the 25 years of ed tech and I found them really inspiring. I'm not going to be able to follow Ambers example and chart my timeline in learning technology against his blog posts because I'm a little bit behind the curve 25 years ago and haven't discovered ed tech at that point but I have followed his blog posts with great interest. So one of the quotes that I've drawn out is around how important criticality is to the role of learning technology and society at large. And Martin says that there's an increasing number of voices that articulate how things are changing who are shifting the discourse to more critical ground and he emphasises our need to take a critical approach in our thinking to examine the commercial interest that influence its development. For example while learning analytics have gained a good deal of positive coverage to aid learners and educators I always have questioned their role in learner agency and monitoring and ethics and I think that's just one example Martin's drawn out of where it's useful and constructive for us to take a more critical approach. I want to I think emphasise that this isn't critical against technology but it is to be critical towards our use of it and our relationship to it and reflect on it more because I don't think anyone here would deny the huge potential of technology going forward but also how much it's changed our lives all throughout human history and particularly with digital technology in more recent times. So thinking about the voices that shape our discourse and maybe whom we're not hearing so much I wanted to draw on the work of Catherine Cronan who's been a huge inspiration to me and who's helped find some really helpful references for my talk in the run-up to this and Catherine and Francis ran a great session at the start of this conference around personal feminist perspectives on the history of learning technology and alongside them practitioners and professors like Mahabali or Bon Stuart and Claire Thompson and Helen Beatham and Laura Chernovitch all inspired me alongside keynotes like Tresi and Amber here in thinking more about what we maybe don't read about maybe the voices that we still need to be drawing out more and Catherine wrote in her blog post before the conference that longstanding work in critical and feminist pedagogy for example is not often cited in later work about MOOCs online open teaching pedagogy acknowledgement and analysis of earlier work is vital in the importance in education so I think I want to acknowledge and I want to use this platform and this privilege of having a keynote to talk to you today to also acknowledge some of the voices that are maybe more marginalised and that we aren't listening to enough that we don't hear enough so my vision, my hope, what I work for is to move us and to contribute to moving us to a more empowered and critical practice that enables us to negotiate and articulate our relationship with technology and how we use it for learning and teaching because with the ever-growing challenges facing us and decades of research and practice to inform our thinking it seems clear that ed tech won't save us and I think some of you might have the t-shirt to prove that it won't save us and it shouldn't be the driving force in my mind behind what we do instead I think we have to move beyond advocacy for tech that is the answer to all our problems and towards a more empowered and critical perspective This isn't to say, as I mentioned earlier and I want to emphasise this point that technology doesn't have a significant potential and I don't mean to dismiss in any way the role of industry that plays in the work we do or how much technology can bring benefits for learners and in education in general but I feel strongly that it needs to be an empowered relationship instead of us being threatened to be buried under an avalanche So my questions are how do we move beyond advocacy how do we realise our potential and the potential of our professional practice for the benefit of learners and for the greater good World peace I think was one of the wishes that one of the delegates shared via Twitter for the future so I'm going with that and how do we move to using learning technology to meet some of the biggest challenges we're facing globally and I'd like to explore those questions and leadership a really good reflection of how our professional practice is embracing bigger questions and a more diverse kind of practice iteration which is to be tech support for all my family and friends so I'm pretty sure some of you have had phone calls when my email doesn't work or how do you connect the TV and fangll something that's arrived I failed explaining to my father how wifi works we're still not sure what the cloud might be in my household but also I think particularly for anyone who works in the civil service I would have suggested learning technology for ministers 101 recurring course every time someone new comes in and then inspired by Lorna's sensational tweet of her wonderful keynote shoes Lorna respect to you for those wonderful shoe tweets to increase impact I think there was the most widely tweeted tweet that ever came out of any of our events so I'm expecting to see many examples of creatively translating our practice into portfolios soon but also I wanted to highlight that management and leadership one of the areas that we've looked at throughout this conference a bit more has really increased and by really increased I mean you need to see this in perspective there's a few hundred people in this scheme really increase in the single figures so I don't want to give you the impression that there's a large amount of people as yet but we do see more and more learning technology professionals choosing management or leadership specialisms as they move into new and more senior roles because their expertise in learning technology is more important as technology becomes more complex and our demands of what can be achieved for students and staff on a large scale become more ambitious and I think very exemplary leaders that we have in the community such as Melissa Hyton who is sitting here with us are great examples leading the way in what leadership in learning technology looks like in practice and many of you have taken part in the consultation to make a new pathway for C-Mold to enhance the professional recognition that Sheila mentioned earlier and we've also been or I've also been having a little peek at what that looks like what the senior C-Mold professionalisation looks like and I wanted to share with you just a brief glimpse of some of the specialist areas that are coming out from those individuals who are starting to pilot that scheme itself and I'm not sure if it's quite big enough for you to read but it includes scholarship of learning of technology enhanced learning and open access publishing assessment online courses and mobile learning and also staff development training and leadership and similar to the earlier chart where we had a look at when first specialisms appeared in our timeline I think these choices reflect how our more senior roles in learning technology are developing their focus Now one of the big differentiators between this senior pathway and the existing framework is that you have to demonstrate an advanced area of practice and it's very similar to the specialisms that we're familiar with but you are specifically asked to relate it to the core principles of C-Mold and I wanted to include this slide in my deck because I think it's really interesting when our members came together to try and articulate what the core principles were that have not changed for over 10 years it's actually took a lot of discussion to come to a consensus of what these core principles are and how we interpret them So following the maxim that visual thinkery can probably express it a little bit more succinctly than we could with words here are the core principles as articulated by members and captured by Brian Mothers and that's hopefully going to help make our core principles more easily understood for our profession and I think to me they reflect professional practice beyond advocacy they are very much a reflection of a more critical and more reflective approach to professional practice and so these new advanced areas of practice which you have to relate to these core areas there's only a handful of those because the pilot's being quite small that we know of thus far but I wanted to share with you the topics that participants have chosen from the pilot group and they include research in postgraduate distance learning or blended professional development to leadership of CPD programmes and leadership in the development of research and practice communities and I wanted to mention the work of Tom Cochran here who is one of an outstanding and longstanding member of ALTUS based in New Zealand who is not with us today but I think he's demonstrated in his portfolio what a research approach to professional accreditation with CMALTUS and I wanted to acknowledge that because very few individuals are as research intensive as Tom and have gone through this accreditation so I think his portfolio is a real area of inspiration for us as we make the most of our research and practice so while at the moment it is still quite a limited insight that we are gauging it does give us a glimpse of what the kind of empowered critical approaches to professional practice in learning technology may develop into and hopefully that will grow as a pathway now given that this is keynote for me I thought I want to also contribute a bit of my own perspective on how I tried to go down the senior CMALT pathway and I think when I gained CMALT two years ago I thought it was really rewarding but I was also really relieved having advocated for a scheme for years I put it to the test and found it to be a valuable and rewarding experience and in retrospect I felt all the more honest and frank about all the advocating that I've been doing on behalf of the scheme in the years before and so when I started thinking about my senior CMALT submission I decided that I wanted to choose promoting equality in learning technology as my advanced area of practice because that's one of the causes that I'm really passionate about and that I feel we have a long way to go in and as soon as I had done that and I looked at providing evidence and description of what I had done I realised that my fantasy CMALT specialism might easily turn into a nightmare and so before I go and share a little bit more about this with you I just wanted to unpack this part of my work and why I think it's really important and why I specifically chose it to feature it and I mentioned at the very start that I feel I have a real position of relative privilege but I nonetheless experience inequality all the time and every day in a space in which we work learning technology sits at the intersection of the tech industry of education politics in the third sector and when I started working in this space I had no concept of how much inequality I was going to encounter and how much more inequality other people were going to be faced with and you can tell already that I found it quite hard to write about this dispassionately and I had a very friendly critical friend and editor who helped me try and edit this into something that is other than just a complete rant and becomes more of a sort of dispassionate statement of professional practice and one of the inspirations that Catherine reminded me of was Laura Cernovich really inspiring keynote here three years ago where Laura stood on this stage herself and talked to us about inequalities in higher education and she made us reflect on the structural nature of inequality thinking about it on a national and on a global scale and not just in the global north or in the west but all across the world and thinking really about the bigger picture because it's very important for us to look at the examples of inequality from a global perspective but not to be blind to what's closer to home because there's still a long way to go and I think any person working through the strikes and through the disputes over recent years will see that there is a lot where we can still fight for and I also feel really passionately about the fact that equality is for everyone it isn't a women's thing this isn't for some of us this involves all of us and I gave a talk at Ilta a few years ago which was all about that it was a five minute gasta which was just about the fact that equality was everyone's responsibility so I thought the need to promote equality would and my practice response to that would be a great example of practice to include in my portfolio and I specifically chose it because I think it's important for us to highlight that this is an area of learning technology that we're not going to really find on job descriptions that is not usually going to turn up in a sort of record of achievements or at annual appraisals and I'm very fortunate that I'm in a position where I can hopefully demonstrate it hasn't been assessed yet so it might all turn into nothing but I'm hoping to have demonstrated that this is an legitimate and integral part of professional practice as a learning technologist and at this point I wanted to show you two examples of the initiatives that I've supported and included as evidence in my portfolio so I'd like to give a big wave to every Fem Ed Tech participant in the room and I know there's quite a few of you out there and I think initiatives like Fem Ed Tech really help us create more diverse a more inclusive perspective and community and this isn't an effort that's only relevant to those involved but hopefully one that will reach out because many initiatives come and go and there isn't enough in my view joined up thinking and we've done some joined up thinking with uncommon women as well grassroots project that we've been supporting and maybe we can also see some familiar faces I've water coloured in but projects like uncommon women demonstrates that one of the key ways in which we can achieve a greater critical perspective is through more collaboration more knowledge exchange and openness our practice is political it's personal and active participation and any of these initiatives does make a difference and if I've learned anything from the individuals who lead these initiatives who've inspired me to be active and to participate and to give my time and my effort and my voice to these courses is that it does make a difference articulate a narrative that isn't dominated by tech advocacy alone and expands our personal learning networks beyond those we already know and feel comfortable with help us burst those filter bubbles that surround us so this is my favourite slide oop oh I'm missing my favourite slide great I clearly have deleted that sorry about that I was going to show you a picture I'm just going to talk through it I was going to show you a picture of a box that I got through the mail a few months ago from my mentor Margaret who I've known for six years and I had a big day coming up at work that I was nervous about and there was a little blue and white striped box made up in a sort of superman style sort of superhero style and on the cover it said empowerment pants for undies for the hero in you and I was so thrilled to receive that it's from a charity project in Scotland that supports women and girls and you buy the pants and it's a charitable donation but you also get a pair of pants that say empowerment pants on them and you can wear them on special days and I'm not wearing them today just in case you're wondering but I thought it was a wonderful gesture because the person in us that needs some encouragement, that needs some empowerment, you know I might get that in any way possible and I thought it brought a humorous and charming and very personal way of sending me some encouragement through the mail so the point I did want to make telling you about empowerment pants is that criticality and collaboration are at the heart of our professional practice and it enables us to work in partnership with industry to inform how the products and services that we use are developed and to influence policy that effectively governs our relationship with technology and the tech industry we do have the power we do have a voice to shape what the future will look like and the last part of my talk I wanted to share with you a little bit about what I think others have said to that but I also wanted to highlight just before I go and do that one more example of practice that I haven't really mentioned which is around the collaboration aspect and that I also used in my portfolio and as well as the Fem Ed Tech project I mentioned I wanted to mention and collaboration to make a policy paper for policy makers and give them a call to action for openness and education I wanted to give an example as collaboration working with startups which I did this year with some of the community where we worked on a guide on how technologists and startups can work together and one project that's close to my heart is an open leadership because when I became a CEO and I looked around for examples of how CEOs do their business and how they get work done I couldn't really find a lot of open leadership all I could find is I really polished marketing, written blog posts about charity fundraising or success and I found that really off-putting and I thought where are the reflective blogs of people in my position and so I thought we must start a senior staff and lead the way so Martin and Hooksy and I for the last six months have been blogging on the go about our efforts to lead a new virtual team with the consent of all of our colleagues which we are grateful for and we share our very much our work in progress with that so all these sparks of openness and all the sparks of collaboration that networks like the uncommon women network and FEMATech and collaborations such as these and all the events such as this as well bring together I hope will spark some openness and bring us towards being more critical together ah there are the pens you see so you get my favourite slide after all right so now to close I wanted to share with you what the future might look like and I particularly wanted to not do that in my own voice because while I do have a strong vision for the future and when I first came to the alt conference in this venue in 2009 certainly things look different and now much of that has come true it is really your voices and your action that is going to shape what we do next, where we go in learning technology not just as a sector but as professionals as individuals, as people and so Martin Hawks and I were invited to give and to host the LTAG chat so a shout out to all of you who participate in that I am a frequent lurker sometimes participant and I absolutely love this Wednesday evening LTAG chat and we asked as a topic we gave developing critical and open approaches to learning technology and at the very end of the talk we had a question for all the participants and the question was to share a hope their hope for the future of learning technology and I hope you can read these tweets yourself but I also want to emphasise some of what they say because their vision for the future of learning technology is to be inclusive not a bolt-on not an alternative lesser experience that all education is open that we will scrutinise the result no sorry that we will have greater scrutiny of results and greater understanding of the process followed to produce the results and they also highlighted the need to raise the lowest level of engagement with technology in pedagogy as well as supporting doors at the cutting edge and I think this conference is a great example of bringing all of those different perspectives together but I think my favourite hope of that evening that really struck a chord with me was from Simon Lancaster and he wrote that he hopes for a symbiotic and ultimately synergetic relationship with pedagogy to be established which facilitates a revolution in society's objectives and education system so in case you were wondering what you were going to be doing in the future I hope you take Simon's hope to heart and as you can see from this wonderful messy graph of our conversation that you can explore yourself online with tags explorer we have had so much responses to this conversation that I felt it was only fitting to bring my keynote on beyond advocacy to a close by asking you to share your vision and by inviting you to share your hope because I hope to do an even better job next year round advocating for you and representing you and contributing to the work of the association but I want you to hopefully also have a voice in this keynote and in this vision going forward now I mentioned that 10 years ago I came and started working for ALT in 2009 in Manchester this was my first conference I have to say I was thoroughly intimidated after three days I think I went home and I thought never again and never did I think that only nine years later I would stand on the stage and have the privilege of talking to you and sharing some of my thoughts and my vision so now it's over to you and before we go and have questions I'm hoping that you will be able to share your hopes and will leave them up on screen so what is your hope for the future of learning technology and just to close a final thought from me and thanks for all the badges that I received as part of my travels recently I just wanted to encourage you all to use your platforms and use your voice inspiring approach that Amber talked to us yesterday that if you are invited to the meeting and you have a voice that you can lean in that you can make your voices heard not everyone has the privilege to stand up here but we all have a voice that makes a difference and so inspired by Martin Weller and my early morning running where I like to listen to quite a lot of public enemy I'm going to leave you with that quote and say thank you very much well I think that was a wonderful keynote to finish or to get our third day started I'm sure there are many questions from the audience and there will be many questions coming through online but is there anyone here in the room that would like to ask Marin a question first c'mon it's the last day somebody take the mic c'mon they're all hungover well we've got lots of questions coming through so I'm going to let Marin maybe have the prerogative of choosing one of the questions that she would like to answer there was a lot in that keynote so I think it's an interesting point about diversity I think some of us discussed this yesterday what the relationship is between collaboration and diversity and bringing in different voices to the work that we do as professionals I think it's really important particularly at conferences like this that we're seeing increasing participation from students increasing participation from people who might have not been part of this conversation 10 years ago it's a really important survival strategy for us to reach out and to engage more people all of you have got the challenge of implementing and working learning technology at scale we're far beyond just the pilot study just one room just the enthusiasts for learning technology I feel to reach its real potential for us to make happen what we think is possible we do need to be more diverse be more inclusive so I feel that's a really strong point to be making it's nice to read your hopes as well should we read any out at all my hope is that we can engage with academics on a level playing field without having to declare our credentials first or just be seen as the people who do the tech stuff and I think there's many people who feel like that well I think there's one thing that's come through for me over the past three days is I suppose a confirmation of that need for balance and for mutual respect and I'm really pleased that we are looking at things more critically but there is a balance to be struck in terms of what we're all ultimately trying to do which is to support staff and learners and engage the educational process so it's quite a fine balancing line but yes I don't think any of us should justify anything that we do that there should be mutual respect for everyone in the profession and again I just want to say I told you all earlier on that none of you are imposter so I don't want any more of this imposter syndrome talk so my last day is the boss so I'm making the most of it I think we're all quite enjoying the view of this obviously more cake is great well well this is a good question will learning tech become its own academic field in time oh that's an interesting question that's quite a tricky question actually because whatever I say half of you are going to disagree entirely so I suppose one perspective is to say learning technology as a professional discipline has existed for a long time and the fact that we celebrate our 25th birthday is testament to that there is other organisations like us all across the world although we don't all use the same terms to describe what we do indeed I think not even within this one country we have less than 10 terms to describe learning technologists even just a core role one of the strengths I feel with learning technology is that we do borrow and work with other academic disciplines we get a lot from social sciences but also from education and computer science learning technology is very much part of the fabric of all learning and teaching I'm not sure if I feel that it should be its own necessarily its own academic discipline because I feel it's very overarching it's very embracing and the research that I've seen published comes from a lot of different backgrounds and disciplines but it's right what Amber said yesterday that there is huge differences between the disciplines so I think working across the different disciplines in order to gain different perspectives is one of the key key importance Absolutely and I think again as the alts develops we have quite strong partnerships with other member organisations as well and other organisations in the UK and internationally and I think we can link in and actually make a fantastic contribution to scholarly practice across the disciplines which maybe comes from our own tail background but then can be applied to other areas as well so I think that just understands our collaboration and the power that we all have and the great work that is being done across all our institutions There's some great question coming through I'm enjoying that we are rebels we should rebel but also I think there's some interesting questions around if we are being more critical in our approach is there still a role for advocacy and also do we have to mention learning technology if it's just integral maybe we can pick up both of those points so on the first one I think there is a very strong case for advocacy for learning technology absolutely I feel personally critical towards advocacy for ed tech without questions asked so I'd like us to be more discerning in what we ask of our educational technology not be opponents to it indeed that's our bread and butter but in terms of being integral that's a really interesting question and one of the winners from last year from yesterday's awards actually analysed strategies from higher education institutions in the UK and looked at their strategies for learning technology or if they have strategies and he came across this problem very strongly so if it's integral do you still need a strategy do you need to mention it so I think you should read his paper to find the answer to that question but also it's important to remember that being integral doesn't mean that the work is done I think in some ways it's even more difficult when it is integral becomes more complicated, more complex and the role of the learner and their rights and their concerns I think needs to be integral regardless of how explicit or implicit our use of learning technology is and I think it goes back to some of the things that Tressie was highlighting on Monday about context and I think at different times well you have to think of advocacy in terms of the context in which you are going to be using technology or when someone is suggesting the use of technology as well so I think context is key in that and that does change and we have to be aware of our own context some of the institutional context that we work in many of the things Amber talked about yesterday as well so I think we have to come back to that context and criticality are key Shall we do one more maybe I'm quite surprised now to ask any questions but they're all typing We haven't checked Twitter yet there's probably a lot in the team I like this comment around at some point learning technology will just be learning and I come across that all the time and I agree entirely but on the other hand I also think it sidesteps a lot of people's very unconvinced approach but if it's just learning we could just do what we did before and we don't have to go on that whole journey and I still meet a surprising number of people who somehow hope technology will go away they'll be absolutely fine not to do anything and they can just ignore it and wherever we are on the spectrum of adoption there's a surprising number of these people and there's a surprising number of organisations who are ill-equipped or don't have the infrastructure or the capacity and we are here because we know that it is a big deal because we know it's important to our professional practice but I don't think our work is done in that respect at all not in this country and not anywhere else in the world and if learning technology just becomes learning I really hope that it truly comes into its own not that we forget that we've all been working for decades to establish all the ways in which it can be learning just for people to then forget that there's actually a whole journey to be made so for the time being I think and also just to not talk myself out of a job I'm going to say that I hope learning technology is going to be relevant and very needed and in the heart of what we do for a long time to come and I think that's the perfect point to end this keynote again can I just ask you all to thank Marin again for a wonderful question and of course Marin will be here for the rest of the conference as well if you want to answer any questions but I think we can all go for a well-deserved cup of tea or coffee, thank you


Hello student, welcome to the session on how to draw NFA with a null transition using Cleans Theorem Part 1, myself Rashmi Dixit. Learning outcome at the end of this session students will be able to draw non-deterministic finite automata machine with null transition. As we have already seen finite automata can be characterized into deterministic finite automata and non-deterministic finite automata. Third machine that is non-deterministic finite automata with null transition is a five tuple machine where q indicate a finite set of states, alphabets a finite set of input symbol, q0 the initial or starting state, f a set of final or accepting states which is a subset of q and a transition function where machine in any state by processing a single symbol or null machine may move to 2 raise to q where 2 raise to q is the power set of q the set of all subsets of q. In DFA there is exact one transition for each and every symbol that is machine in any state q by processing a single symbol machine move to another q or remain in the same state. In NFA machine in any state by processing a single symbol at a time machine may move to 2 raise to q where 2 raise to q is the power set of q. In addition to an alphabets here a null symbol means without processing anything machine may move to 2 raise to q the set of all subsets of q. The main problem or the main question here we are discussing how to draw NFA with a null transition. DFA we draw by checking each and every time whether a particular string is accepted at final state or not. In NFA with a null transition without processing anything machine may move from one state to another. So, how many states we can include in such a way? So these are the NFA with a null transition basic primitives. So the first diagram indicate machine with empty set, the second diagram indicate machine accepting null string, the third diagram is for machine accepting symbol a. How to draw NFA with a null transition? There are some rules which are defined by claims. So three different rule for three types of operation one is union, one is concatenation and one is cling star. Remember one thing DFA, NFA and NFA with a null transition all these three machines accept same type of regular language. While drawing NFA with null transition we will see each and every regular expression as a part of union concatenation or cling star and we will draw step by step operation by operation. So the rule one for union while drawing a diagram or a machine for union we will add new extra state as a initial state and this initial state will join with these two machine using null transition and all accepting states of the original machine will remain as it is. In concatenation the first initial state will be the initial state of first machine accepting state of the first machine will be connected to the initial state of the next machine with a null transition and all the accepting state of the second machine will remain as it is. So in concatenation we concatenate one machine after another one by connecting the accepting of the last to the initial of the next. In cling star we will add new extra state that will be connected to the initial state with null transition all accepting state will be connected to the new initial state with null transition and initial state also act as accepting state. We will see some examples so the picture will be clear. Now this is the first diagram for A plus B. So this is a machine for A plus B NFA with a null transition. So A B new state is added as a initial state which is connected with a null transition to the initial state of the original A and B machine respectively all the accepting state of the machine A and B will work as accepting state of our NFA with a null transition. Now this is a diagram of A B concatenation. So machine A accepting state will be connected to the initial state of machine B initial state of machine A will remain as initial state of machine A B and final state of machine B will be the only final state of the machine A B. Now A star for A star we will add one step or one stage as a initial stage and final state will be connected to the initial stage with a null transition initial state also act as final state. We will see one example so consider a regular expression 0 0 plus 1 bracket star followed by 1 0 bracket star. So let us draw the diagram step by step remember one thing we will consider regular expression part by part so we will start from the basic machines. So this is a machine accepting 0 initial state final state this is a machine accepting 1. Now try to draw the machine accepting 0 0 so concatenation. So final state of 0 will be connected to the initial state of 0 only the final state of second 0 will remain as a final state. Machine accepting 1 0 final state of 1 will be connected to the initial state of 0. So final state of 0 will only remain as a final state. Now next is 0 0 plus 1 so 0 0 plus 1 extra state is added as a initial state which is connected to the original initial state with a null transition and both accepting state will remain as it is. So next is 0 0 plus 1 star so new state which is connected with the final state with a null transition and initial state is also act as a accepting state all other accepting state is cancelled. Now the next part is 1 0 so 1 0 star so new state with a null transition connected to the initial that new initial state act as a accepting state which is connected from the original accepting state with a null transition. Now 0 0 plus 1 star 1 0 star so look at here we connect 2 separate machines that is 1 machine is 0 0 plus 1 star we will connect with a concatenate with a 1 0 star. So the final state of the first machine will be connected to the initial state of the second machine with a null transition only the accepting state of the second machine will remain as accepting state so this is a accepting state of the complete picture. In case of clean star initial and accepting stage are same so here from the initial state we connected to the next sorry final state we connected to the initial state of the next. So all the student please pause the video and try to draw the diagram for this particular regular expression part by part first 0 plus 1 then 0 plus 1 star then 1 0 then separate 0 0 star which will be concatenate with 1 1 star both these machines will be united and then clean star hope you are able to draw check with me so your answer is same as mine if some changes make the changes so this is a reference thank you.


You're entering an epoch in which humans are responsible for phenomenon that we used to attribute to God or nature. The world has moved too far to favor the individual at the expense of community. We live in a time what I call the politics of amnesia in which we are so focused on all kind of material issues that we forget that we are also spiritual being and that the spiritual being is in need of spiritual food. There is no recipe for happiness obviously. We're probably born with something called the happiness gene which is a capacity to be more or less joyous, more or less relaxed. The only thing that can really change that is actually having a goal. If the goal involves others, it's this extraordinarily gratifying thing to see the face of someone who's surprised because all of a sudden you're looking at them. Then all the things that require happiness like food on my table, warmth in my house, a roof that works and I'm very simple in the needs that I want but I want my family and friends. That's everything. And ideally a big pile of good books. That's what makes me really happy. Today we had a conversation about politics, about power, how the world already is changing and the conference was entitled The Ring or What Will Rule the World? Is the drive for power, hunger, depredation so strong that there is no turning back?  Yet nations of the world are divergent. No one part of the world is the same as the other but clearly climate is something that will affect all of us. Large scale migrations as well. We'll be climate related but also dislocation of states. I'm trying to argue against pessimism and fatalism. Through the making of beauty, through faith and confidence in what humans are capable of doing at their best there is always a point of return and there is a possibility for connection, a possibility for selflessness, a possibility for empathy. For me it starts in the classroom. It starts by working out what skills you need for young people. That means what language is, what understanding of technology and being able to anticipate the kind of problems we face through bioethics, through climate, through AI, through robotics and really being prepared for difficult questions. In the end the technological singularity that humanity is creating now is not emerging just from one isolated research lab it's emerging from the coordinated activity of people all over the globe involved in all different walks of life in different countries and of different ages with different perspectives. To solve this problem would need different countries to work together as part of globalization. How to protect our own humanity and in this respect I thought it was very interesting that the top military leader of the United States of America was telling us, look, military power is the one thing you should prefer not to use, right? Use your political instruments. Invest in community building, invest in education, invest in health care. If you know the facts, you know the risks it's a good time to start acting. Let's make sure that we realize that peace is exception and war is the rule that we give to our nature. So let's invest not in peace things but in awareness, in a kind of cultural awareness and then try to give people instruments in their hands which will make it possible for them to deal with their own fears. What I hope will be the outcome is a renewed respect for community, a renewed respect for cultural integrity. Very simple, I just want peace.  I think it's important for the next generation to work on this because you want to give your children a future. It's just that simple. These amazing things that are happening, they're happening because of the efforts of each of us, right? And anyone can plunge in and make a substantial difference in either the creation of some new technology or the way that new technology is rolled out and deployed in the world at large. Each tech company that started using advanced tech for a beneficial aim and each work of art that's created, depicting using tech being used in a positive way. Each of these things contributes somewhat toward the same. One of my fears is that we all understand the benefits of science and technology. But the danger is that we are forgetting what else we need to live a meaningful life. Our lives being like a sea and a wave, you know, and you never know which ways the ripples are going to go and the waves are, of course, you can't separate them from each other and we're part of that, so we're all connected constantly. And I believe in those ripples, so I try to begin as many ripples as I can.


What's up everybody, welcome to the weekly wikap today is Wednesday we are back again na janaku li kwa holiday to li lala to li relax but guys my name is Liz Jackson and I'm joined by many other gracious hosts pretty girls also see you very very alright guys so onto the first story talking of holiday ya li kwa ni mumia janaku li relaxed and when you know when you help atamu li relaxed, lakini amu juhu holiday ni gani mu juhu ni moide, ni huduma de ni tamaduni ni kresma hamu juhu i but mimi as a responsible citizen I read the constitution I read my constitution I read the gazette do you read the gazette? see gazette gazette gazette gazette was the difference oh my goodness look at ignorant citizens anyway the gazette is where if something is official in a kwa nga gazeted by the government so if you want to see the number of holidays that are in 2024 is kwa gazeted ama eniki tokia in a gazete wa so this is where all the confusion is coming from the 10th of October for the longest time it was referred to as moide ala wu sujui wali kwa sanana moi sujui I don't know what happened ika tolewa ika kwa huduma de for nine years then in 2021 during the building bridges initiative he li kwa time ene kwa li kwa na handshake ya uhuru na raila building bridges wali kwa na dissolve government wana piana-piana roles so Fred Machiangis kumkel kwa siyes waneni yo time aka gazette ito utamaduni de so this year jana was the first utamaduni de no wonder people didn't know but why don't you read the constitution read the constitution read the constitution so woman rep yes what are you doing with it?  Ya don't think neza dech mtu na va boneta kenda kula la mani A, wa chakuse mahi momba We kwa nkantransita naf mi si baii ya raba Who's the man in the relationship? Ya ya ya Ako salo ntri awas We say dech a kwa utuwa dreadi, tu yu uresa Me love dreads, mi nangazi kavizuri on men Emi dech mtu, nivi dech ua likuwa tu murasa na chena e Ako naizuwa mambuya, king stone yamaika Hapa, anewa likuwa likuwa Mituwa na jele o E mi mi mambuya dreadi na yuzi Tsu wezi kubali? I see wezi kubali Dredi ni nyuile tu E najua nyuile ni akili But isa monome zinafakwa zime nyuile o Let me just take all the glory in the house Awezi kwa na cheli akuna nyuile Tua dreadi basi akuna afro Ha ya afrozi Kama ya buga Kama ya buga?  Wei na kwa mbe ako tea mewasha moto jana She shared a screenshot of a conversation between her and a journalist from CityZen I think Rosy Deven Digital ako dim to the charts So who you metu alimu approach Aka mulizayu na Nairobi Let's schedule a meeting Then ako tea aka sema ako available Aka mbe aka nui do it today Ako tea aka mbe anenda gym I was make So badai badai we can see the chart This guy telling, then madam boss Ako liza who is paying for the venue Uboa aka maambia CityZen does not pay for the venue They just look for a nice place to conduct the interview Madam boss aka maambia Nuu nui ata madam boss drink Generally saka sema buu anasisi Ni watu wamko no buu Wendio madam boss Abo nui o conversation ni bifikiya Ako tea aka kata Ni ka puna aka sema sisi journalist Sisi Sisi ni watu wam Nipe sisi ni omba omba Nipe sisi ni omba omba But there are two things according to my analysis One, when you are talking to someone who is known to have money Or a celebrity Or juu mimi kitu naizakonkludni Kuna mituti seme ato seme niki tajua bill gates If you are going out and expect ati bill gates a lipe Tu yendi akuna do So most of the time when you are talking to someone Who seemingly has money Don't borrow it Also don't talk from a point where Unataka akubaiya lunch Kamani interviu lukuna Taka sema this is what we do But I feel like So I think you need to actually bow madam boss But when I agree But I feel like When you look at that conversation What do you want to do? That's where I was heading to Now the second thing Ata li kwa na weka maimoji So me niki sema Ni watu wana juuana Then also when someone conducts an interview She should have said she is not available Or she should He had the ability to cancel the interview Kwa kwa captiona li sema If you read that chat A li seme wende fugo ga ucho Then niki sema captiona Kwa kaya screenshotia A li sema alumbaiya Fudena girlfriend ya ke out of a clean heart So even after this conversation They still met See, akora sayid Akora sayid kwa yo conversationi ote This person had an interview with her before Alafu Walu kuo ngelele nelioks Alafu akakau de So if you like already conversation Ilianda na Ni watu wana juuana Na kuna wa ni watu oelewani But today weakenda tuna flow both of them Ya, both of them Exactly How do you want to work together? They definitely know each other But I feel it will have been So better offline Kwa sofa imagine Nuki ngea citizen kilomtona juuana Manzee Imagine wana Una ngepa SPM Ulewana madembo So sa ni watu akumaliza My God But anyway Nesta kazungu wana kupatiapo Wana tu angesha wana toa But rumahazi They are expecting their first child I am so happy for them They have dated for a while Wendinge ul kwa kama 3 years ago 3 years ago It came before G4 in 2019 I think around up Before Covid I am after Covid And congratulations to them But it is very hard to believe Content creator Nesta kazungu wana kumblote Damesi mama Pia mimi na changanikiwa na shanga Are we not pregnant? I feel they are Nesta kazungu wana nga klout mingisana She plays a lot She is a comedian But if it is true I am so happy for you Congratulations guys I think kibunja Mi eni kibunja in high school And it does a good work Mc party So I feel they are Nesta kazungu wana Kibunja Kwa kwa yo situation Wait a minute I know this guy Plus wana nga scandal They ingest in their space Marriage works Kama wile bahati zona celebrate 7 Years of marriage Mbuyando tasi zi wongia Nipo amam Nipo say zi wongia Kwa nuhune zongia I can't even advise people in love I can't even advise people Exactly Because this whole world is just Complicated You know you said Regina Daniels Nili wana jia nulimpos Mi misiamini Uli sama ni 6-2 Siwa 2nd 6 Ako na bidua wile Ako na wasita 6th But legally married No I think it's all of them Adiku yo meza ya rusa kwa na gavana's wives Wame jai wiko meza Awa kwa ma babyza gavana zwingine Do you announce anita nga gavana No say itunongile lea prince Anita nga prince nani rana meza wujina ya Kusmi from what I know He has 6 kids 2 for Regina Regina Daniels I think he is a polygamous man But me from Actually at a isyuha nwa ii kwa polegam Mi kwa yo eji difference ki dogo nili kwa laik zileza Kus him he publicly admits to having 2 wives Naki tu li kwa controversial ni Ali wish the first wife a 3th And they've been together for 10 years So when did they meet Na mimi when you google And when you google It says Regina Daniel is a 6th wife That's up here But he likes them Mimi kichuli nibembo kwa historiote Clearly he likes them Kwa historiote ni Ali moa You know the people who used to throw shade at Regina Kwa kwa kwa tuwa poata olewa The fact that Ali olewa Na napele kwa public occasions Imagine a kwa proud of how mbaba ya ni Mi am so happy So happy for her you do you Mi suji shida niaji difference ama baby wengi Si suji shida ani gani but do you I think ya niaji difference Hai zote tunifa kwa I cannot imagine being 22 And my husband is 66 Inezani boda Like you're 40 years Acha kwelewa na But kama wame pata kwa mo na ground Of how they exist Ina rules man Tu se me ni kwa 25 ako 30 Niku kwa sanatu daily So akuna nga manyo lea life As long as you happy chome As long as you happy chome Okay Hai so akuna ani world record That was broken And the person who was holding it was So he record Ina shinda ikini changanya wacha ni Wataftie tu zandani tu sai sai sai Zandani So this gentleman Where's the story This gentleman by the name Calvin Kiptoom Who is guess how many years old 23 What? Imagine 23 years old He won the Chicago Marathon Na alibre Re kondia eluid kipchoga So people were asking Is he going to the direction yaku kwa Yende yota saksi Kwa the next goat Then watu piwa waka sema gota kumpost Gota kumcongratulit Nini nini muna oba ting No it's cause Normal he congratulates all those people who win But this time Maybe he was in a flight Aka iku ampetivo He can't be peti like that He can't be peti like that Plus i think atawiyo kevin mwenye Kana jwa gote ni gote mali wata patana Tuta yona like Ata before the Marathon Akanda usi pumu Pumu eka ma dogi Pumu eki Chikago kona iku eki Wuna wana Alahu ni ni mukuapa Nisa sema gota You guys Niko besiramos kufana Niko besiramos kufana Chifu ahua Chifu ahua Chifu ahua Sisi ask Kenyans congratulations to you I think Africa yota mandungi amzima Long Marathons Long Races Yoi na kwangatu yetu Congratulation Kevin Congratulation 5 mic Banasahi 23 years old Nisa shakwa Nisa shakwa Bhanza Nizi monga lewa wata hot man Kevo Kevo is a hot guy Ya ifea women Wenda kuna iku am hot after e 5 mic Mi anyone is my type Kuna stories Naji ulajte bako ingen Naji ulajte bako ingen Nataliki Vingi Energy host presenter Went ahead to address people who drive Who record while driving Akina Liz Jackson Umstranu you content creator Mambo ya kese ju Ako na license Lamda ako na tandegu But she said She said you people are risking your lives Our lives in our own cars Recording cars To make a living Ya lu Ya kuna vituzina ito common sense Kuna place I cannot even dare Take out my phone And then kuna technology squeezy Mimei ni kuna try podi angwe Niki taka e switch Niki taka e angali e side Ina angali ane ina spin So sasa tu sifanya content kumagari zetu Muna taka sifanya content kumagari Siku fanya content kumagari Isu ni kurekod Wakaktim na ndesha mna tarisha maisha inu Siwa cha tu wa tarisha We need you content creator No, I feel I may get where she's coming from Wato aki record wa ki drive Kuna places ingi na unangamito aki Record you are like where Kwa highway But I feel if you have a try pod Sawa But if ya tii wuna drive wuna manuwa iwi Sifanya Nifupi tana Kus anything can happen on the road Me as a distinguished driver Tafta ni try podza magari please Kuna mengeli Mengeni akuna tutapa tana hapa hapa pala Friday Shaku jana zanda anitena Kuna holiday next week Kuna holiday next week Bado tuna mi ama Mimei ni mitu very busy Tafta holiday isa Konstitucion bana si mombira do holiday de gani Skwambi Guys, that was the weekly recap We are going to see you guys on Friday With more hot topics So keep it at SPM buzz, my name is Liz Jackson And my name is Ntenya See you on the next one Turus


hello one and all and welcome to a very brief overview of our empire of trust week we have such fun what we're super excited about double plastic there's not many can carry off double plastic we've done double plastic for this army it's one of our favorites it's part of the evolving story of panathor it's going to be very big over the coming years and we've done some beautiful beautiful stuff and for the first time we've done plastic cavalry hard plastic so we all know dry undead you know we were known for our zombies and ghouls skeleton warriors this is the dry this is the bone dust and undead army army of dust Egyptian themed you know the mummies the whole in that angles but now taken on really got a strong theme beautiful army different colored bases as well so you can tell us from somewhere different some of the highlights well the obvious there is the plastics and looking at this i should do my glasses trick we've got the imagery sprue over here and i've managed to mix them up i'm playing johnny my beautiful ualtru assistant there you go figures archers hand weapon shields spears all the different options on there away you go no metal plastic hybrid non reusing the dry undead this is absolutely themed and if that wasn't enough we've doubled down let's have the cavalry beautiful shields on here horses heads all the paraphernalia and and pageantry the sprues have had their own video was taken apart by johnny and so if you want to watch that jump on over plastic plastic plastic but that's not all i mean in fairness i think the first dead dust army was one of the best metal hybrid plastics we ever did i think it fitted better certainly better than some of the dwarf stuff which was before it predated it and the aesthetic looked good and it carried the weight but still it's not the same and some of the other range was in metal and as you know we're converting our metal into resin we've done that with these guys the guardians they are absolutely razor sharp no longer way a ton so that they smash whenever they you know whenever you put them in your carry case and they're actually bigger the bigger than they were now so they're bigger than they were in metal so you're really getting this whole army i think it's mantik 3.0 he's got a third gen or plastic super high detailed you know we had our early stuff on the round bases we had our second stage with the kick starters that i think we actually had backwards on quality now we've not we've not been what we're doing in the first wave we're way ahead of that i think we're as good as anything's out there so a bar of dust the army's here we've got videos we've got tactics we've got talks about it we've got johnny's plastic video please join us mantik week and remember in dust we trust and if you're old enough to remember that album cool because that was the best album ever all right everyone see you soon bye


photographer Jules Abarth, he's literally sitting across where you are now and he saw it and he heard the whistle and he put his tray down and he got up and he walked out. Not a word spoken. What? Yeah. So we had to negotiate. Not only did we have to negotiate, but we also had to load all the equipment into the back end of the trucks because they literally walked off without, yeah. Day five, Jules was about to fly back to LA. So what is this negotiation like? It's pretty short.  And what's on it? Give people a window on the things on this list. Is it like bathroom breaks? It's a short window with only a dollar sign on it. And they said they take the money and put it in their pension fund, which is fantastic. I hope they use it well.


The Eden Project, if you like, is a love child of the lost gardens of Heligan, and after lots of searching, lo and behold, here we were, Bedelver Pit and the rest is history. We have over a million people visiting this place every single year and they have done since 2000. I think it would be very hard to underestimate the impact that the investment in us has had on this created massive regeneration. We've been lucky enough to be able to have £79.6 million from the national lottery. We, the lottery players of this country, have created a fabulous £40 billion since the lottery is inception 25 years ago. There is not a single cityscape, townscape or community that remains untouched through our playing the lottery. Thanks to you, people who buy those tickets every week. A whole host of places right across the UK are opening the doors from the 23rd of November to be able to come in for free.


What's the biggest story you broke during that time? Probably a Finesse two times in chief. That'll probably be one of the biggest ones. What's the backlash on that? Hold on, you said that was the biggest one, but wasn't the zero in trade during that time too? Yeah, yeah, I forgot about that. And you were one of the first ones to break that one, right? Yeah, yeah, yeah. Because I saw in comments people were saying, congratulations on being the first one to break it in, such and such and such. But you got backlash from that too. Well, really not no backlash, because I didn't record the video. Somebody else recorded the video. And I get messages, a lot of the posts like that, like breaking news, it comes from Finesse. They sent them to me, they'll say, I open my inbox, and I look in there and I have all these videos. I had a video, I clicked on it. When I clicked on it, the fight came up. I was like, I'll leave. Yeah. Man, so what's going on, Trio Talk, no pillow talk? Shilly man, you know, be an engine for a while. Man, you know what, congratulations on your page, man. Yeah, man, we at 37K right now, over 11 million views. Man, so man, you one of those guys, man, that you know, you don't need no introduction with everything you've been doing. Boy, you something else, man.  You one of those guys I look at, man. I get a lot of my information from you. I first of all want to tell you, thank you for all the time when I hit you up and be like, man, what do you think I need to ask this nigga? What do you think I need to ask that nigga? Because me and you, we go so far back as to, you remember, Mr. Mako, when he had said he had, at the time, I think he had about 300, and we had five or 600. Mm-hmm, and you were at 87, 88,000. 88,000, man, about to be a million. Yeah. These boys, hey, they didn't see this from coming. This one here, this one here was seriously something I don't think nobody would have been able to just look at and say, this is what these guys gonna do. I think they was watching, but I didn't think they understood the algorithm that we was about to take them down. They thought it was a game. I just respect everybody that's in this world after being in the long, you know, over a year. I respect these guys, because I know these guys, man, are giving it their all to keep these platforms up and running. Oh, yeah. Man, so, man, you chilling, man. Now, when I called you, it was something about your arm stopped working for you. It didn't just stop.  Yeah, man, I broke my arm.  You over fought, ain't you? Yeah, man, I was, it's crazy, because I was bowling. You bowled like that? Yeah, you know, I'm part of that.  You slide your feet back whenever you kick it? Nah, actually, it was a, you know, it was a little defect in one of the shoes, but, you know, I can't talk about a lot of it right now, you know.  You ready to take that ride? I'm pretty sure. Oh, yeah, man. I just hate it happen, really. You know what I mean? Oh, yeah, it's all good, man. I'm good now. Well, I ain't good, but I'm good, you know. You getting better? Yeah, I'm getting better.  So I know already how that affects you. Yeah, I'm strong, man. I'm strong.  And that slow down business a lot for you? Kind of, sort of. Yes and no, I'd say yes and no. So they got to give you money back for that, too? Yeah, it missed me up far as going, like, like being able to do interviews and stuff. Right. Like, I wasn't able to travel and go do stuff because I couldn't drive or anything like that. But you wasn't able to, for the first how many weeks, you still wasn't able to post as much as you used to because your arm were hurting? Yeah, and I was out, but, you know, I make it work. You know, I got a little system. I got a little system that I work, you know, where I still stay irrelevant. Broke a couple of stories here and there in the middle of it. What's the biggest story you broke during that time? Probably be a, for this two times in chief. That'll probably be one of the biggest ones. What's the backlash on that? Hold on, you said that was the biggest one, but wasn't the zero in trade during that time, too? Yeah, yeah, I forgot about that. And you were one of the first ones to break that one, right? Yeah, yeah, yeah. Because I saw in comments people were saying, congratulations on being the first one to break it in, such and such and such. But you got backlash from that, too. Oh, yeah, I got backlash now. Well, really not no backlash, like, because I didn't record the video, somebody else record the video, and like, I get messages like a lot of the posts like that, like breaking news, it come from like fans. They send them to me, they'll say, I open my inbox and I look in there and I had like three Ali videos. I had a video, I clicked on it, when I clicked on it, the fight came up. I was like, God, Ali. But when you get stuff like that, because you're a blogger and stuff like that, and you get fans sending you information to post, do you actually do research on it first before you post it? Yeah, yeah, most definitely, most definitely. Yeah, I'm gonna make sure it's, it ain't false news for one. Right, so that you make sure that any backlash that come with it, you can stand your ground and be like, well... Yeah, yeah, well, that's where I got it from, yeah, exactly. Yeah.  So you pick and choose which ones to put up?  Depends on who it's from.  I don't cry, I have viral it can go. If it's certain stuff, I ain't gonna post it.


Well, thank you. It's very nice to be back. And I wanted to thank Karen Schneider and Jamie Penn in particular for inviting me back. I feel like I've had the honor to do this every year or so, or every other year or so, so it's been a good run. I thought they were going to give me the topic of talking about ag policy under a Trump presidency. But just a joke, small joke. But instead, I'm going to talk about agricultural trade and developing countries, which is something both of the previous speakers have alluded to. And I know there was a lot yesterday on the program about that. I also want to talk, I'll talk at the end, about what's going on in those countries and many of those countries in terms of agricultural support, which I think also is very, very interesting. First, let me start with a slide on just global trade. And I put the launch of the Doha round on here not to make any causality there. It's almost in spite of the fact that there was no major agreement in Doha or that the major things that people were looking for, things like market access and domestic support. Despite that, we've seen a tripling of world trade since 2001. And obviously, a lot of that are nominal effects with things like ethanol expansion and what's been going on in energy markets and other macro factors. But if you look at most volumes for most major grains and oil seeds, you see very robust annual growth, particularly for things like soybeans, but also maize, also wheat and rice as well. But I'm going to focus on what's been going on in South-South trade. And I think there, too, you see this amazing growth. And here is essentially trade to developing countries. And you can see that while North-South trade has increased a lot, and Mary alluded to how important things like soybeans are to the US market, soybean imports from China. But the other striking thing is just the growth of South-South trade. Now, a lot of that, obviously, are the big ag juggernauts like Brazil. But again, big increases in South-South trade. Here shows the exports from developing countries, so South exports to both developed markets. And you can see there, again, that the growth there has been somewhat flatter. I mean, it's still been an increase, but somewhat flatter. That reflects or is very, very similar to what you might see on Australia's export profile or the US export profile. That is, exports to other developed countries has been fairly flat with a little bit of growth. But most of that has, the growth has come in developing countries. And again, the exports, you can see that the share of South exports to other South countries have increased substantially. Now here is, again, using 2013, which is, as a basis, it shows the largest developing country to exporters. And you can see, again, Brazil not a big surprise. China, a bit of a surprise, at least it was to me when I first saw these numbers or looked into these numbers. Just because I, again, in my previous life, coming from as chief economist at USDA, of course, the big focus was on how much we were sending to China. But they too are also a very, very big exporter, mainly things like fruits and vegetables and other things. And mainly a lot of regional exports in Southeast Asia. But again, very big exporter.  They have a lot of water buffalo that they sell. And then Argentina, which, frankly, has been penalizing itself over the last several years with macro policies and with very unfavorable exchange rates. And then on top of that, export taxes, even with that, still have shown some increases in exports. And I think that looking at projections forward over the next 10 years, I think both Jamie and Mary mentioned the fact that Argentina is going to be a potential force to be reckoned with as well. And then let me turn now to domestic support. And here is just the OECD measures for OECD countries. The producer, a subsidy equivalent, which I'm sure many of you are aware of, where this measures the amount of domestic support going to agriculture and measures it as a share of, as a percent of farm production. And that has been declining. And I think this has been fairly well documented and talked about, but declining across the board largely because of reforms in some of the key developing countries. And two, the other major trend among that support has been a move away from highly coupled forms of support. And this shows, again, support tied to output, and then as compared to support tied to input use. And while we have seen a little bit of uptick in that going to input inputs, I think the other key point here is that decoupled support largely because of reforms like in the EU, which I think Tossos will probably talk about. But again, very, I think in terms of two positive trends in terms of domestic support, one declining support levels generally as a percent of overall ag production and then a move towards more decoupled forms of support. Well, here just shows by country essentially the PSE, and then also shows as a percent of whether it's coupled or not. And again, as I mentioned, reforms in the EU to a degree the US, and this is decoupled from production, which could include being coupled to price. So Mary mentioned the ARC program and the PLC program, which are very large subsidy programs, but they're not tied to actual production. They're tied to historical production. So that's why the US still shows decoupling here. But what I want to focus on are some of the developing countries. And again, the OECD doesn't cover a lot of developing countries. They are trying to increase their study. And in recent years have included Brazil and some very large countries like Brazil and China. They are hoping that they can bring India and start creating similar measures for India. But you can see that in looking at their composition and the support is a very different picture. That is, for the most part, it remains highly coupled, either to input use or directly tied to output, with very little trends in actually decoupled support. And I get this. This shouldn't be surprising. In one sense, decoupled support tends to be very expensive because it tends to be cash and other types of direct payments. Developing countries have chosen to go more the route of where, say, the US and EU were many years ago in terms of with direct price support by either purchasing or other sorts of methods. The other big thing has been the growth of insurance programs. And this has been phenomenal. I mean, Mary mentioned the US program, which of course is quite large. And I have on the chart on the right, you can see how the US program has increased. But just in a paper, I was looking at this issue where earlier last year, and we're looking at premium levels well over $30 billion now. I mean, just phenomenal growth over the last 10 years. And you look at a country like China where there was almost no crop insurance programs or agricultural insurance because in China, at least, it does include a lot of livestock as well. But no insurance programs to speak of prior to 2007 and now with a premium volume of over $5 billion US. Also very high subsidies. Well, the concern has been generally about things like with countries like China how, what sort of support levels they have and how those are influential on world markets. Here I show the, I take a study done by Fred Gale, who's at the Economic Research Service, has looked at a lot of different Chinese policies. And what you've seen is since 2007, price supports have increased in China. You can see how the Chinese market price has been bolstered by these prices. And particularly at a time when world prices here measured by the US price have declined. It's not surprising that's had an impact on one harvested area in China where that's gone up dramatically over the last 10 years or so. And because those prices are maintained so high relative to a world market price quite low, that's meant that China has accumulated a lot of stocks which is what's shown on the right hand side there. Similarly, Mary mentioned cotton. There too we've had very, very high support prices for cotton relative to world market prices and as a consequence, ending stocks have increased dramatically. What I don't show here is that cotton consumption mill use in China has also fallen. Why? Because of an increased domestic mill use in India where India has become an increasingly larger producer of yarn and fibers. China now imports a lot of their needs from India and the combination of those two things has meant the import of raw cotton has declined and of course that's affected both US and Australia. I mentioned India. India of course has been a focus in the WTO or the debate over public stock holding and India has a very extensive food security system that buys grain, holds grain and then distributes that grain to poor population but again essentially an in-kind transfer. The concern has been well what happens if those stocks build up to such a point and then end up on world markets and we did see some problems back in 2007, 2008 certainly where those policies on top of that there were things like export restrictions and so stock levels increased substantially and then here I think I have a chart of that where you can see the stock levels increasing up to about 2012 or so and then gradually those have come down and so a lot of concern about public stock holding and whether or not and I think from many developed exporting countries like the US and Australia we voice concern in the WTO at least that we wanna make sure that whatever policies are maintained that we understand safety net policies and certainly as Mary mentioned the US has enormous food nutrition type programs that spend a lot of money on poor population but the issue here is do these things affect world markets and I think one of the outcomes of Nairobi was to continue that discussion and as sort of agreed to under the Bali agreements of two years ago to try to get some agreement on the public stock holding. Well there are disciplines under the WTO I mentioned the of course things that affect Australia and the US and the EU are things like the AMS bondings the aggregate measurement of support that affects some 32 odd countries who have agreed to bindings and agreed to both bind their levels of support and then it reduced them under the agreement of agriculture under the Uruguay around of that about 15 developed countries and about 17 developing countries and many of these you'll see in the chart that I'm showing just as the next chart shows that many of these are newly acceded members or some of these are newly acceded members to the WTO like Russia and China. Also of course there's de minimis rules for developing countries so if your support levels are less than 10% of the current value of production that means you don't report them to the WTO so many countries who don't necessarily have AMS bindings for example they're fine as long as their level of support it doesn't become a violation unless that level of support exceeds the 10% now for China one of the agreements on their accession agreement is that instead of the 10% of de minimis they have agreed to they agreed to an eight and a half percent and then the other thing that affects our developing countries is under the Uruguay round agreement on agriculture article 6.2 allows a whole variety of support that are things like infrastructure improvements and other sorts of things that developing countries can engage in and those are not subject to reduction commitments. And then lastly of course is the green box which again lays out very specific rules for developed and developing countries in terms of allowable supports that have minimal or negligible trade or production distorting measures. Well here is just again I mentioned a balanced total AMS the 17 some odd countries that developing countries that have agreed to bind their levels of support and this gives you some notion of what those are. Again it you know the countries like Russia quite large but I think the bigger concern perhaps is the de minimis rule itself which is some 10% of the value of ag production and as we've seen in some of the previous some of the previous presentations where the value of ag production has increased phenomenally over the last 10 years and so that gives potential policy space as it were for developing countries but I think that generally the one thing that I would note is that countries like China have realized that are in the process of putting in place reforms that would lower supports and bring some of those distorting measures down because they too realized just like it took very long time for the US and the EU to realize these policies were not sustainable over the long run that is having large inventories and other things and India too is in their most recent economic report have talked about instituting policy reforms on the food security side. So let me conclude here with just saying that I think there has been a lot of concern voiced about the increasing domestic use of domestic use, domestic support measures by developing countries and as I mentioned many people talk about the policy space that's implied by a 10% de minimis but I think that a bigger concern for me in these negotiations has been frankly not a lot of this is notified to the WTO that in many cases for developing countries they are very slow in reporting and then just some policies go either unreported or I think often times misreported. It's interesting to me because following Nairobi I think it's very unclear what happens in the WTO in terms of multilateral trade negotiations in areas like domestic support. You know you look at I think a very good outcome again is elimination of export subsidies. I think many people would have liked to see more reforms on things like export credits and food aid but I think that there are at least one pillar where you've seen some major progress. On the other hand market access well not much done there frankly and under the WTO then we look to things like TPP and TTIP and in the case of the US and certainly all the free trade agreements that Australia's initiated is that obviously gives a lot of market access but one thing that I think clearly drops off the table is domestic support and I think an interesting question is you certainly see it in the US with concern over increased domestic support in developing countries whether or not that may be some impetus to bring countries back to the WTO and I certainly hope that we continue to see an active environment in Geneva or we see a renewal of a commitment to sort of look at some of these larger issues like domestic support disciplines as we move forward and with that let me conclude.


The Minnesota Babe Ruth 14 U State Baseball Tournament kicked off today at Bemidji State University. Bemidji had two games scheduled for today, the first of which was against Moorhead. Top of the first, Jack Larson trying to take second, but he's thrown out, Carson Zimmel with the tag, but that's not the only play on the base pads in this one. Third inning, Ignacio Delgado caught in a rundown, tag applied, inning over, no score just yet. In the fifth, Caden Bolte with the base hit to center field, it gets bobbled by the fielder, both Bolte and Parker Mystic come in or would advance rather, Bemidji would load the bases and Logan Willard walks in the first run of the game, and that run that Willard scored would prove to be the final for the ball game.


Hi, everybody. Joe for Jasper's casebreaks.com here with 2021 Mosaic Football Cellopack Break number nine. The last filler we got to do, I think maybe the only filler we have to do. Yeah, the only filler we had to do to unlock that one box 2016 NT break. But first, we got to do the break. There are the players right here. And there are the teams right there. Let's roll it, randomize it. Five into five, 10 the hard way. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, and 10. And a separate dice roll for the giveaway part, as always. Carter's out. Who do I have? Bills or the Rams this upcoming game? I got to do a little more research. I'll be honest with you. But I am leaning the short home docked. I think the Rams are like plus two and a half or something like that. Five and a half. Five and a five for the teams. One, two, three, four, six, seven, eight, nine, and 10. And final time. All right, here's the first half of the list right here. And the second half of the list right over here. Swort by column A or column B that is alphabetized by team, print, and rip. Terry proactively saying filler luck is bad tonight already. Not a play of the whistle, Terry. We're not even done yet. All right. Good luck. Tre Lantz NFL debut rookie card. Hunter Long, Simifelco. Tre Lantz will go to Chad in the Niners. Could be a big season for him. And the bonus pack, Driver, TJ Wad, and Akine and Wangu. Those are the exclusive to the Selo Packs. All right. Now, the whole point of this is not the pack itself, but who is going to win those NT spots? Let's gather everybody's names again. Let's roll it, randomize it. Three and a one, four times, top 10. After four, we're in four down territory. Good luck. One, two, three, and four. All right. After four times, from 11 on down, nest here. Sorry, very close, but not quite. 11 through 32. Thanks for trying. I'm going to get him next time. Top 10, though, you're happy because you're in the next break. Jeff is happy. So is Jeff. Again, Arthur, Kevin, Aaron, Matt, Chad, Jeff, Terry, and Chad. Oh, man. Maybe that was reverse psychology, Terry. It worked out. There you go. After four times, top 10. Congrats. We'll see you in the next video. jaspyscasebreaks.com.