Rwy'n meddwl i'w ddweud roedd yn y cwmhaen o'r gwaith, ac mae chael yn oed yn ardal i'r certhoedd anodd, y bufnwyr, a'r oedd ei wneud yn ysgrifennu'r bobl yn ysgrifennu. Roeddwn i'n golyg y gallwn i ffannau ysgrifennu sy'n gwneud i chi i gyd, a ddylu'n gwybod y ffannau'r bobl yn ysgrifennu, felly roeddwn i'n gwybod yn ysgrifennu ysgrifennu, y ffannau o'r bobl yn ysgrifennu, yw'r coffinion i'r dwylo'r projekty? Fyddwn i'r bobl yn ysgrifennu ysgrifennu, ond mae'n gwirio'n bobl yn ysgrifennu, ac mae'n mynd i ddweud, ond yn fath yn cael ei ddweud yn cael ei gweithio yn cael eu ddweud, a'r hyn sy'n argymell ar gyfer teimloedd yw'r llaw ddiadeth a'r llaw o'r 21 yma. Dylai'r llaw o'r llaw o'r llaw, dwi'n mynd i'r llaw i'r llaw, oedd mae'n mynd i'r llaw o'r llaw o'r llwyddiad have never been experienced by previous civilisations. They have been created by the advent of the modern industrial order and by the emergence of the digital world which is reshaping it all before our very eyes at the moment. And I want to propose to you that we're in the middle of probably the biggest series of technological changes ever in human history. Certainly in terms of their speed and their global nature. One way of understanding this is to compare the advent of the internet with the invention of writing. There are analogs between those, I think, because writing made possible the early civilisations. I also wrote a book on that once. But writing took 10,000 years to become diffused even to small elites in a relatively small number of civilisations. The internet is only 20 years old and it's completely transformed our lives on a global as well as on a personal level because when you get out your mobile phone it's a device which is about your personal life at the same time as it's a means of global communication. Mobile phones as computers are only something like 10 to 12 years old and now there are more mobile phones in the world than there are people. Not everybody has one but that border was passed about two months ago when it calculates anyway more mobile phones in the world than people. This is stupendous stuff. So I think we're like living along the edge of a wave of technological innovation and other kinds of social and economic innovation which follow from it, which if we don't insert into the European debate is not going to allow us to understand it properly. That would be my argument anyway. I think we're like frontiers people in 18th century America really against a frontier of a surge of massive scientific and technological innovation. I'm on a committee in the House of Lords studying the digital world and we've had representations from many different companies, individuals, scientists, thinkers. It is just mind blowing what is happening. I will portray what's happening as like a completely new mixture of risk and opportunity such as we've never had to disentangle before. So on the one hand you have risks associated with climate change that I mentioned earlier which simply have no precedent in prior civilisations. No civilisation could have intervened in nature remotely to the degree to which ours has. Many people will probably know that geologists have got a new word for this. They say we've entered the age of the hollow scene, H-O-L-O-C-E, an age in which nature is no longer nature because it's been so completely penetrated by human activity and I think this is correct. So we've penetrated massively into what used to be an independent external world that constitutes a resource for us but also posing us huge new risks which we know we're near in my view adequately coping with. That's true of the outer world. This is also happening in the inner world. One of the things that's really impressed me taking the evidence on this committee is the degree to which we're now penetrating the human mind and the human body on a level again, never ever even contemplated before I think. And there's some very interesting thing because you're working on this and I have people here know Ray Kurtz vile whether you know the debate on singularity. The debate on singularity is debate about the point of which we will cease to be authentic human beings or we'll be so different that we won't any longer be as it were human beings. And Ray Kurtz vile wrote this book called The Singularity is Near in which he argues that there is the possibility of immortality within 40 years so that younger people are alive today might be immortal. Immortality would mean not what you just think immediately of a preserved body it would be a very different way of example if you could download the brain on a computer and you could clone bodies you could live for as long as you wanted in whatever guides you chose. Of course no one knows but the most important thing about it the reason why I like Kurtz vile is now by the way the technical director of Google so he's got a kind of somewhat noxious possibly practical impact on the world because lots of things Google does that I don't really prove up I must say but nevertheless he's an information scientist so he's a serious person but we just don't know so part of my argument is also that we're living in a kind of don't know world because the pace changes so dramatic of course you never knew the future obviously logically it's true if we know the future it wouldn't be the future I'm not talking about the fact that we're in a world with truly turbulent change very rapid and global which is largely unprecedented therefore that's the reason why I call it a high opportunity high risk society the opportunities are immense but the risks are huge too and we don't know in advance how those two sorts of things will be connected so I wanted to argue to you that we have to understand what try and assess the implications of what's happening inside the EU against the context of these broader global trends if we don't do that we might misunderstand both what's happening within the European Union countries and the remedies that are needed to address the issues that are raised so I'm arguing that a good deal of the debate about the European Union is too parochial you can understand why it's so concerned with the euro so concerned with Europe itself but it's a mistake to make it too parochial I think and second to institutional too concerned with for example reform of political systems very important reform of the euro very important but that isn't necessarily going to address these lateral trends which are impinging on all societies across the world so I was sort of asking you if you treat this speech a bit like a wine tasting that is I wanted to go through four areas where I think this is interesting in respect to the current debates about the European Union I won't be able to discuss any of those in the detail you would need to exhaustively examine them but just to give a kind of taste to why I think we absolutely must understand our local problems in Europe against a much broader global background and remember when one talks about global you're not talking just about their global you're talking about in here global because what global means is now the connection between even the very core of the self and the larger global changes we're experiencing so these are my four sort of substantive points which I'd like to raise and get your reactions to first it seems to me crucial to understand that populism is not confined to Europe not at all that the rise of populism in politics is part of a global trend it therefore comes from wider structural sources than purely European ones it's visible in the United States it's visible in Latin America visible in Australia and it's going along with like a fragmentation of politics in many countries in which the established two-party systems are no longer viable and in which many other formerly fringe parties are becoming a poor part of the political process such a core part that they probably settle elections this is likely to happen in the next British election where the reason no one can really predict it is you know what's going to happen around the edges both in terms of who votes and where but also the array of smaller parties that will probably settle the issue in British politics there's nothing British or European about this this is happening more or less everywhere it's worth discussing and I won't have time to discuss in detail why this should be so wise populism becoming so prominent wise politics becoming fragmented in so many democratic countries anyway well I think it stems fundamentally really from the world I've been describing that is you have a hierarchical word of traditional politics and you have a new horizontal world of electronic and digital technology which completely cuts across it and we have not found a way of effectively integrating those things in any kind of institutional fashion attempts like citizens, juries and referenda and so on haven't got very far to do that so there's a kind of huge hole there in politics and those things are overlapping with a failure of the developed economies to be able to redistribute wealth and income effectively many people in lower income groups are not seeing across the world any advance in their living standards even though there's talk of recovery everywhere and there is a substance to that talk in quite a few countries and that connects also I think with the experience of de-industrialisation de-industrialisation is deeply involved with the rise of populist parties in almost all countries because of the groups that it affects so you find some very interesting parallels between populists across the world they're nearly all against the establishment being against the establishment forms part of the discourse all this appears in the European populist parties but my point would be that in Europe we must disentangle these generic from other local influences so we mustn't assume that because the populist parties focus their attention on hostility to the European Union that the European Union is the origin of the things that they're objecting to to me the origins are deeper and perversely as a pro-European only through a stronger Europe can you hope to have some impact on them if Europe seriously became a cluster of nation states you have far less chance of having an impact on some of these forces than you would if you can create unified European actions so I think pro-Europeans have to find a way of making that case effectively we're dealing with huge forces here they're not within control of the United Nations or any democratic system on an international level we're seeing all this fall out on the uncertainty across the world at the moment even talked by the Pope two days ago of the existence of a third world war it's a kind of low grade world war three going on so we mustn't be too parochal we must sort out what's general and what is specific and we must produce our remedies in our political strategies accordingly I'm very happy to discuss that later second, there are absolutely sweeping changes affecting the economy on a global level and it seems to me that although it's quite right to say there is a cyclical element obviously following the crisis in the economic travails of Europe and the United States and other countries across the world I would want to make the argument that the crisis is also structural and it can't be resolved purely by anti cyclical measures important they will be because I completely by the argument myself that we need renewed investment in Europe we must breach the gap between north and south we were talking about lunchtime for this meeting Germany must change its attitudes otherwise Europe could relapse into deep troubles but when you look at what's happening on the ground in work it is just transformational I think and it's dominated by the digital revolution so when in my household's committee we started studying the digital economy many of us thought the digital economy is one little bit of the wider economy but we rapidly came to see that the whole economy is becoming digital just like the whole of our personal lives become digital through the fact you wander around the streets you can't let go of your bloody mobile phone you're lost if you lose your mobile phone you've probably got an iPad at home et cetera et cetera et cetera amazing transformation in such a short period and so I've been working tracking some of these changes and what you have is like a convergence between the advent of supercomputers robotics and big data which are transforming large chunks of economic life also of political life and also warfare the US has about 7,000 drones in the air every day a drone is essentially a robot still relatively primitive robot but you're having these convergent developments so I don't know if anyone here has trapped the IBM computer Watson Watson engaged in a TV confrontation with the two champions at this game Pergamon computers have long been able to beat the world champions at chess but chess is mathematical Pergamon is a word game, general knowledge game and the IBM computer beat the two world champions on three separate occasions at this game was never thought possible before you go about 10 years and people were saying computers could never master natural language because natural language is embedded in reality and so on and could never write poetry could never do translation but now you have supercomputers do very good accurate natural language translations are able to think creatively and can actually learn this is a sort of huge thing for all of us linked to what Kurzweil is talking about a potential transcendence of the human being but deeply involved in the transformation of work as is robotics because robotics has advanced amazingly even in the last 10 years I went to the Sony Media Lab I think it was about 12 years ago where they said the future is robotics but their bloody robot couldn't do anything couldn't even walk upstairs now you've got robots that can run faster than human being that can jump in the air, that can play soccer that can do all sorts of well many things better than human beings now you've even you'd be interested in know what a robot stand-up comedian that invents its own jokes and can respond to the audience in a creative way I'll tell you one of its jokes it's quite good actually I started going up with an Apple device but it didn't really work because she was always either side that either other quite good I thought really and the truth is this is again you know high opportunity high risk scenario for us some calculations have been done by these guys in Oxford, Carl Frey and other people that supercomputers could knock out 40% of existing professional jobs in the US economy they did this by very detailed tracking of those jobs they include legal jobs, scientific jobs, accountancy and so forth it's possible that these developments could cut a swath through existing labour forces but having looked at it in some detail myself I tend to think not, I think the opportunity side is pretty huge and I think where it's very important for Europe is that it also is likely to produce a new localism and I'm one of those who thinks that many people here might not share my opinion but to me it's very important we must counter de-industrialisation I think de-industrialisation has been a lethal force in western countries and you can't simply allow it if we can do anything about it just to go on and get worse so therefore we must try to reconstruct manufacturer against the background of these technological changes in the back again wider changes in the position of the Chinese economy and so on where China should be investing in domestic demand not just exporting to the rest of the world I take seriously at least the possibility of re-industrialisation in Europe and I've been tracking that debate in the United States it's been going quite controversial but it's been going about 15 years now you have for example widespread development digital production 3D printing which can be done anywhere is just the outer edge as I would see is a much wider transformation towards digital production much of which could be re-localised and from which everybody in the world economy would probably gain so I was pleased that Mr Yonka put high on his agenda the possibility of re-industrialisation of Europe it's admittedly controversial and it's against the background we don't really know but I think we have to take it seriously it involves more than the forces I'm just describing of course it involves a kind of restructuring the world economy too it involves the so-called reshoring debate and other things going on in the area but I think if de-industrialisation simply continues I just don't see how we're going to address the socio-economic issues that it brings in its train so I think we have to make a serious attempt without fully knowing in what sense and where it will be possible a lot of these changes do seem to me to be positive not just destructive third and this comes back to what we're talking about at lunch time today I think we need a radical re-thinking of the European social model and I'm just amazed how separate the debate about the future of Europe has been from this I get invited to a lot of conferences on European social model and quite a lot of conferences on the future of Europe but it never seemed to come together it seemed to be different people working on them why is that? I think it's because of the separation which is kind of enshrined in people's minds and enshrined in European thinking really between economic and social policy and the kind of traditional idea of the welfare state whereby the economy creates wealth and then the welfare state spends it on good purposes and does so through taxing the people who make the wealth that's surely an outdated way of thinking about it all that's why I invented this term that was referred to as social investment state because I think we have to recognise the investment in social goods also as economic consequences and if you get it right this can be very significant for economic prosperity in obvious cases education but there are many other eras where I think we should speak of a social investment state in other words you don't want to wait just to redistribute after wealth has been created you want to build that into the very constitution of the economy by the investments you make so an investment in education is not just an investment in improving people it's also creating a certain kind of labour force and one of the things that's happened again in this famous committee that I mentioned several times is we've discovered just how poor the quality of training and education relevant to living in a suddenly developing a universal digital age is sort of way behind I'm also glad that Mr Ynchry is talking about that and I hope that I might have had some sort of marginal impact on it all I think we have to have a pretty radical rethink of the European social model and part of that is the move towards treating it as a social investment state the other though is to lock on to these technological transformations and I think there is something very significant potentially going on here I work in universities and probably some other people do here you'll know about the advent of mass open online courses well those are forms of courses carried online where you can interact with other people in a seminar group across the world so much in real time bit like on Skype as it were you can see the other people those people might be anywhere in the world at the moment you don't pay anything for the course in principle these could reach many millions of people again it's like a don't know future some people think this will seriously undermine campus based universities other people think it might only have a marginal impact but what's happening in universities is happening everywhere so if we're really going to transform the medical system if we're really going to transform prisons there's probably got to be a fairly leading high tech digital edge to it all and I'd like to propose to you that what could happen is like a reversal of Foucault I don't know how many people have studied Michel Foucault Foucault pointed out late 18th century you've got the invention of the workplace you've got the invention of the school you've got the invention of the prison you've got the invention of the university organisations situated in specific times and places were constructed about that period he says because you needed to discipline people in those places while it's at least possible we'll see a radical reversal of that I think over the next 10 to 20 years even not over a long period or potentially a short period when these things could become again decentralized and de-centred with the usual mix of risk and opportunities but perhaps the opportunities side being pretty huge because an enormous amount of medicine can now be done at distance enormous amount of treatment can be done by self-monitoring devices if you have a pacemaker now it can send information back to a surgeon or a hospital on a routine basis you can see that some of these things could be noxious of course they could but they might be a fundamental part of the solution how are we going to create a 21st century welfare system which deals with the problems of ageing which deals with the demographic problems that we have in such a way that we're not leaving people simply outside of the system and destitute I'm not saying it will, I'm saying it's another don't know kind of universe but the more you look at it the more interesting it seems to me it is so if you go to universities I think we're certainly going to get a sort of mix really of MOOCs and traditional campus based teaching I think MOOCs are quite transformative and they could track what happened to telephones in Africa you know in African countries they bypass fixed telephone systems in favour of mobiles and simply skip that stage where the same thing could happen with university education you probably will get amalgams of these systems and since you're dealing with very rapid changes here these are not just things for any kind of remote future they're all kind of here and now things at least in my opinion where the advances are just stunning and some of them are medicine supercomputers can now decode aspects of the genetic construction of the human body which no human being could ever have done before you combine that with nanotechnology you have just immense possibilities of medical treatment way beyond anything we ever thought possible and again there's a more or less here and now thing I don't think it's just a remote future thing the more detail you get into it the more stunning it actually is I'm not saying it doesn't have noxious consequences it does all of it is a massive tangle of recent opportunities my fourth point is the return of sectarian divisions which is visible everywhere and is not again just a phenomenon in Europe so you see the rise of nationalism but also of other forms of closed idea systems so the internet which at first seemed to many people to be an intrinsic instrument of cosmopolitanism turns out to a very dark side indeed I think which was not appreciated by its early pioneers in which we were only starting to discover the consequences of so if you look at ISIS or IS, as it now calls itself it's a quite extraordinary mix of the medieval and avant-garde because ISIS deploys the latest forms of information technology it does most of its recruiting online it has very sophisticated monitoring systems it beheads people online as everybody knows it's quite extraordinary mixture therefore not just a return tradition I think it's a kind of creation of the very world we're talking about which is bringing in to play a lot of dark forces alongside the more liberating ones and like everybody probably many people here are cracking Scottish referendum and I don't want to go straight from ISIS, Scotland of course and that's quite amazing I found that also mind blowing because the Scottish referendum was just the opposite of a parochial event it was being tracked everywhere not just by separatist groups which it was but also by others too across the world and you can read it all on the internet you can see the Kurdish newspapers discussing it newspapers in Russian media use Scotland a lot when talking about Crimea but it's actually a global thing the same thing in Kashmir it's quite amazing it could never have been possible before but it's been like a complex global dialogue about it all many separatist groups of course using it as a basis of their own legitimacy and Catalonia in Europe is the next one along as we all know potentially followed by the Basque Country potentially followed by six or seven other possible ones but it is really global and I must say I never expected that really it just shows you the sort of intensity of globalisation in the world in which we live so my argument is that we have to therefore situate our own specific discussions in this broader context otherwise we'll get the causes of them wrong and the possible remedies for them wrong I want to conclude by saying that this is a time in which Europe is more or less everywhere seen as problematic I think if you look at what Chinese say about Europe or in Russian say about Europe or discussion of Europe or even Australia it's unremittingly dismissive of the European Union look at some Mr Putin's speeches and see what he's been saying in Europe for quite a long while Europe seems unable to generate effective economic growth seems plagued by divisions obviously where the populist tinge and because of Russia has a sort of semi-active war going on on its periphery looks really disturbing and yet having gone through it all it just seems to me is a possibility that Europe might be in a better position not a worse position than the other major industrial countries in the world in coping with the world which is coming into being and even being a leading factor in it because whatever else it is Europe is a cosmopolitan endeavour it does offer the possibility of shaping global forces the opposite view of sovereignty from most people most people say when you join the European Union you sacrifice part of your sovereignty I think the opposite is true I call this sovereignty plus in my book you get more real sovereignty in the independent world from being part of the European Union then you would ever get outside and shouldn't confuse formal sovereignty with real sovereignty in the independent world and finally an awful lot of reform has happened in the European economies including some of the most problematic ones admittedly not all of the problematic ones but I think if you compare the European Union with the United States the divisions between the poorest parts of Europe and the most affluent parts are actually less than they are between the poorer states and the more affluent states in America and the level of reform has been lower I think in the United States in those areas so I don't feel as pessimistic about it as one might do and I think if we could somehow get our act together in Europe further not succumb to divisiveness there's a possibility that Europe could in fact even against this apparently disturbing situation in these three areas again represent something of a beacon to the rest of the world not just a laggard but this is the high opportunity, high risk society we just don't know the future anymore not in the logical sense but in the sense in which you cannot know in advance how the balance of risk and opportunities will turn out you must try and assess it and place political policy in such a way as to confine the risks and accentuate the opportunities but none of that is going to be easy but I don't think Europe is in a worse position than the other industrialised parts of the world thank you very much for your attention


Hi everybody, I'm Christine Flood and I'm here to talk to you about why we really do need one more garbage collector In open JDK And I can't get this there, so I'm gonna hold on to it Shenandoah has been going on for almost four years and there's been a lot of people contributing out to it over time So I like to give credit where credit is due and all these people have contributed along the way to getting it To the point where it is now And many of them are up on the stage. This is Roman Alexei and Roland Don't give me a hard time. Okay So let's get started I've never been to Fosden before so I gave I'm giving sort of all of the Intro material to work up to where I want to be So what is a garbage collector and a garbage collector is sort of like an omniscient housekeeper, right?   The garbage collector can go through and see all those things that you're never going to eat and get rid of them and take The things that you do have and organize them for you. So running with managed memory really leaves you in a much better situation Okay, so I'm going to jump into the current open JDK garbage collectors. I think that they all have a place I know that there's sort of a support nightmare with these but I wanted to say that in certain situations I can see using all of them. So for example, if I was running in Containerized environment and I had 50 JVM's running on a server I might want the smallest footprint the single threaded garbage collector that has no sort of wastage Due to the algorithm and that would be serial GC if I was running something like a weather simulator And I needed the results fast and throughput was what it was all about. I Would want to use parallel GC if I wanted to minimize pause times with the current open JDK garbage collectors CMS does a young generation collection while the world stopped But it never does old generation work while the world is stopped So that can give you a minimal frag minimal pause times, but it has some problems Because it's a mark-and-sweep old generation. You can get fragmentation and your performance can degrade over time And if you want manage pause times with compaction, you want G1 G1 is as works very hard to be able to manage your pause times into whatever particular window you need But for some folks these aren't enough, right? They have a heap that's too large and pause time constraints that are too small And those are the folks that we we aimed Shenandoah at People that want to run 100 gigabyte heaps or 200 gigabyte heaps, but they still have to respond to things in 10 milliseconds So they if they know the request gets stalled because of a GC for a minute Then they've violated all kinds of a quality of service guarantees So I'm going to cut this one at the bud. Everybody asks me why is this called Shenandoah? It's because The airport PGC airport, which is cool. That's the airport designation is right outside of Shenandoah National Park That's all There's no big secret. It was just a cool little in-joke and now you guys are all in on it All right, so Traditional collectors like the serial collector parallel Parneau are all separated into generations You have Eden you have survivor space you have old space you have a card table over here And what this does is summarizes old to young pointers, so you can collect just this part of the heap Shenandoah doesn't use that Shenandoah is a region-based garbage collector and so is G1 What we do is we break up the heap into regions and any of these regions can be either old or young Depending on you know that point in time So we'll start allocating in a region and we'll allocate another region and another region Maybe we'll have a big object that's bigger than than a single region And then over time those objects get turned into garbage We'll pick the garbageiest regions which are these two and we'll compact them over there and then We'll have free regions for you to allocate into So it's it's a different if what you learned in school was this traditional semi-spaces. It's slightly different But not that different Okay, so stop the world compaction when I talked about compacting You know those garbage collectors doing stuff the world compaction what they do is the Java threads run for a while They stop and then the GC threads do the compaction and then they stop and the Java threads start up again Now Shenandoah is a different beast right Shenandoah has You're running Java threads for a while you stop you do a quick scan of the the thread stacks And then you start a concurrent mark, but you start the Java threads again You do a quick stop and scan of the thread stack and you do a final mark And then you do concurrent evacuation while the Java threads are running So we have two very very short pauses that are just as long as it takes to scan Basically your thread stacks So the concurrent marking part of that is a solved problem CMS G1 and and Shenandoah all use basically the same snapshot at the beginning algorithm All that means is that if you update a pointer It used to point to bar and now points to bass if you're in the middle of a concurrent marking cycle You have to be sure that bar stays alive because it was already it was alive at the beginning of concurrent marking So all it is is a barrier that that adds Bar to the things to be marked Concurrent compaction, that's what Shenandoah does that's new that's what's cool as That we are able to compact the objects while the Java threads are running So why is concurrent compaction so exciting? It's it's just it's complicated, right? If you have several Java threads running that are all setting fields in an object and the GC thread is going to copy the object You can tell that there's all kinds of bad things that could happen, right? Somebody could write to it and the GC thread could copy it or and we lose the update or These guys are writing to different copies So what you really want to have happen is you want your object You know all these threads to be pointing to foo and then flip a switch and have them all be pointing to foo prime and That way you don't lose anything and everything is good But we can't really do this, right? Even if we had some sort of fancy-spancy transactional memory Just the time it would take to find all the threads that are referencing foo and by the way It's not just threads it could be some objects very deep in the heap that are pointing to foo as well What all have to get updated at the same time and we can't really do that So the secret sauce in Shenandoah, which isn't really secret sauce is that we've added an indirection pointer to every object Now this is the scariest part about Shenandoah. I was afraid that we weren't going to get accepted because This pointer, you know, we've increased the size of every object But the power it gives you is worth it, right? Because you have these few threads that are pointing to foo the garbage collector comes along and makes a speculative copy of foo And it does a cast to change the indirection pointer to point to foo prime So anytime anybody accesses this object Before the cast they get the old copy and after the cast they get the new copy It doesn't matter whether they're in another thread stack or they're somewhere deep in the heap They're always going to have the current copy of foo So What this means is that all object accesses have to go through a read barrier Now this is the other bug about Shenandoah because the common wisdom back in the Lisp days was that Read barriers reads are seven times more prominent than writes And so you can't afford a read barrier But the reality is that our read barrier is extremely cheap We have one hardware instruction right before here if you want to read a field in foo You have to find the location of foo add the field offset and read that location Here we have to read the location minus eight resolve that and then read from there So without Shenandoah on intel Uh a get field is a single move and with Shenandoah on intel We move the the contents of the forwarding pointer into the register And then we do the read of the value So it really is one single machine instruction for a read barrier And as I will show you later on it is not cost prohibitive Um There's still a race condition if you're paying attention right because We have one thread that resolves the forwarding pointer And then stalls out and writes to foo And meanwhile another thread copies foo And this is a problem. So we also have to have a more complicated write barrier We have a write barrier that copies the object first before you're allowed to write to it So here you can see I've got a b and c over there if I want to write To d I have to first copy it over to two space and then write to it there Um this isn't that painful right there are other collectors out there that are Concurrent collectors and they have to copy things on read We don't have to copy things on read. We only copy them on writes and writes. So let's frequent in reads All right, and so our write barriers are pretty quick Uh these are ordered in this order for a complicated reason. I won't go into but um We check the evac and progress thread which is thread local And we read the forwarding pointer And if there isn't a vac in progress we can just skip to the store So our write barriers are fairly quick in the case where you aren't actually evacuating objects And if you are they're they're they just copy the object. They're fairly quick as well So what do these barriers cost? They're not really as much as you might think we have um phases in c2 Where well these guys are going to correct me. I'm not a c2 expert But we can do elimination of barriers on new objects and null pointers We can do read barrier eliminations on Final fields and we can c2 already does barrier hoisting So if you have a a read barrier in a loop It can sometimes hoist it out of the loop to make it less expensive So I did a little experiment. This is from um A paper I did last year where I ran some of the de capo benchmarks And I gave them an incredibly large heap. I gave them a large enough heap that they never actually had to do any gc work And these were the three benchmarks that we're able to run in that environment and you can see that Comparing Shenandoah to g1 the overhead of Shenandoah was between 2.1 and 5.6 This was a year ago. We have some numbers now where we're we're doing even better Um, are there any other gotchas to be concerned with? in Shenandoah and You need to think about things like pointer comparisons Right because if I have an a here and it's pointing to a prime If if somebody has a pointer to the old object and somebody has a pointer to the new object You can sometimes get Something saying they're not equal when they are So we compare the pointers directly and if they're not equal Then we execute the right barrier on both of them And then we can compare them both in two space and make sure that they're correct And there's there's complications like this for things like CAS as well I'm sorry All right volatiles everybody was all concerned about volatiles Volatiles just create a new state a new memory state and we don't do any optimizations across them and it's fine Um I'm going to be really quick because we're going to do a demo with laugh towards. Uh, this is elastic search Um, this is just I wrote an elastic search benchmark because I wanted to see And the only thing that's really interesting here is you can see that this was also again from 2016 Um, we were slightly slower in terms of runtime But if you look at our total pause time in milliseconds compared to the other collectors We rock if you look at our max pause times and our average pause times We also rock if your main consideration is response time and you don't want You can't afford to pay for pauses Shenandoah is huge All right, I also ran a very famous warehouse benchmark just recently um, and We actually because of some excellent work that these guys have been doing lately and optimizing our concurrent marking We are now winning in both in terms of max j ops and critical j ops So we beat g1 in this particular situation in both throughput and in response time Which is a huge win for us in terms of our Getting better performance All right, so we ship in fedora if you run fedora 25 It's just dash xx colon plus you shenandoah gc and you can try it out in java 8 Um, we're scheduled to ship in the next release of rel I can't promise that that's going to happen But that's the current schedule and we spent the last year working on productization and optimizations We are much more stable and we're getting much better performance And if you have any questions or if you want, you know to just send me email and I don't know ask where we got this jenandoah sweatshirts. Go ahead.  Okay Let's do this come on Can you can you see it? Yes, you can so um Shortly before new year roman and and I were having fun and actually written some visualizer tool which We will try to understand how shenandoah works internally is just some eye candy It turns out to be much more useful not only for talks but only to see how the collector actually works So let's run spec jbb under under this Visualizer and shenandoah is working. So what you see here As christine said it is the uh regionalized collector, right?  So it doesn't do any Huge allocations at all. It's it just tries to do Tries to figure out what's going on there And there is a little graph on the top which is kind of the the time graph of these parameters there So right now nothing happens. We just do The heap work and then something happens then we realize that we have to start the concurrent cycle And and the thing there on the top In this yellow wish in the puke yellow color there. It is actually the concurrent mark face, right And the red kind of bar they are following it. It is actually the concurrent evac It's just to get you the feel about the size of these phases in your Regular young gc work load which mostly allocates which doesn't retain much etc etc But you what you can also see there is that Grayish line, which is the used heap actually grows through the concurrent mark face That's saying that the allocator is still working while the collector marks if you look closer at that graph You can actually also see that during evac that also happens But this is not the workload at which we will like to to show the evac For that we have another workload and this workload is really really simple I call it array fragger. You just say I have the array and I at random index I will just store the the binary The byte arrays there This workload defies generational hypothesis because the oldest project all objects died there By the way, this is the characteristic which will be endemic for any in memory last least recently used memory cache So this is the simple workload that we can use there and If we run Shenandoah with it A few interesting things will happen First of all, it has much higher allocation rate And as it goes you can you can see clearly that The oldest elements in the array gets rewritten and so regions that we're Having lots of life objects will have less and less life object up to the point You have to deal with them somehow and Shenandoah that means that You will identify them as the regions with the most garbage at them the collection set Evacuate all the life objects from there and move on if you have the generational collectors That kind of workload will just fragment your old generation And you will face either the mixed pause like in j1 or the full gc like in parallel Etc. So this workload kind of tells you that we can survive this Otherwise heavily fragmenting workload that defy generational hypothesis Arguably most of the data that people now store on heap are actually caches So this is your go-to scenario, but you can clearly see how much Those phases take but we have the gc logs there and if you look There you can actually see what is the concurrent Shenandoah gc cycle. So this is the cycle number 55 And it has the pausing it mark which takes less than a millisecond Which we clearly which we very fast scan the root set then it has concurrent mark and any other concurrent gc does that it takes 160 milliseconds then you have a very short final marked phase 1.5 milliseconds and those are the only pauses that are ever observed by the imitator And this is where the Shenandoah beef is you have the concurrent evocation which takes 200 milliseconds there any other collector in open gdk will have to stop To copy these objects. So what the number that you are looking at there is your pause time If with Shenandoah, it's concurrent so you don't experience this as much So do we have time for other demos? All right So so one of the Things about this is that since you know that the most Beefy gc pauses are actually concurrent that means you can run the collector back to back without Much ill effect right the the application was still run for any other collector. That would be insane right if you only If you run gc back to back that means you always stopping the application for a long time It has nothing to do there right Has no work to do there for Shenandoah. We have a different heuristics that drive Collections and one of them that is very useful for testing is is the is the heuristics that actually runs gc back to back And you can clearly see that even though the collector is actually working very hard So the concurrent mark and concurrent evac phases go back to back without stopping to breath The allocator still working the the application is still working even though what you do Is the back to back gcs? So this is how the good concurrent collector should behave right in the worst case when You have so much garbage in the heap that you have to run gc back to back Your application still is able to run Okay, and the barriers right Christine told about the cost of the barriers So let's run some application. Obviously if you want to run throughput application, let's run speck gdm right Let's get the classic thingy there. So if we run If we run a single workload XML validation on the with the parallel collector If you want to estimate the the impact of barriers We want the workload that does not retain much and the xml validation does not retain much It it allocates and allocates Not a lot. So gcs there are actually very very short. So the performance of this workload is roughly It correlates with the overhead of the barriers with the parallel collector You have only a simplest simple inter regional Right barrier on the pointer store. So it's rather efficient there and you have the workload that runs around 400 Ops per minute, right? So if I run with j1 What would you say the performance would be what would you expect from j1 at this workload? So Who's 400 So 4x performance hit 200 300 400 500 Oh, come on. You're not fine. Okay So with j1 if you run this You will actually see that because it has to do more heavyweight write barriers there It it would actually run slower. This is the warm-up. So we didn't we didn't care about this yet, but it will Sustain the throughput of 320 ops per minute And this tells you something important and fundamental about gcs If your application does not care about pauses, then well engineered throughput collector will beat you every time So only if you care about the post time it it makes sense to run the concurrent collector Regardless of whether it's fully concurrent or partially concurrent, etc At weekend so it's 330 ops per minute. So how about shinandoa? So who is who is saying that shinandoa would be slower than j1? Of course it would be who is for faster Of course, yes So for shinandoa, you have the write barriers for every write not only for the pointer writes and you have the read barriers right, so you can Think that if read barriers are very expensive, then you will see an enormous performance impact, right? But it turns out it's not really that bad So j1 made 330 operations per minute and we are doing 320 I think operations per minute there so the cost of read barriers when your read barriers are really really basic Um in implement implementation wise is really not that high All right, but again if your workload is purely throughput You don't care about post times you can afford larger gc pauses then you shouldn't really bother You should just run with parallel old and be happy about it Okay, yes, you want to talk about the pauses? Yeah Cool Oh, no, not not not as all not as all as all is banned to us questions Yeah So there was a it's about the new pointer you create when you delete the old object and the My question is about every m or a process running about Year or so, how do you think this? Iterations over creating new pointers. What would We be the impact on The objects would it is this Solved or is this So you you're asking what happens with the with the previous copy of the object So no, if we create a new object to kind of solve the problem that Threads or any other objects could not find the new object. We create a new pointer if I understood correctly Every object has an associated forwarding Exactly. So this is one iteration on one garbage collection if they Process or whatever it goes for about a year. I think creating a new object So after each a garbage collection, you would create a new pointer, right? Okay, the from region the old pointers go the forwarding pointer has the same lifetime as the object So when you have copied an object to see the two space and given it An important you copy the object to two space You go through the next phase where you do the concurrent marking And you make sure all your pointers now point to the two space copy And then that previous version can get garbage collected. Okay, so there's no history Yeah, thank you So do you support both c1 and c2? Yes, an interpreter


In a task like this, or this, where we're trying to discern a general structure or relationship, we commonly adopt what we might call a scientific approach, whereby we generate a set of examples and then look for a rule that fits the resulting numerical data. For some tasks such as this one, this might well be the best approach. For example, it is difficult here to see how these four lines have produced 11 regions. But if we now think of the next case, that of five lines, it's relatively easy to discern the effect on the number of regions of adding this extra line. However, for some other tasks, we can also adopt what might be called a generic or quasi-variable approach, whereby we focus on a single case and look for features that are general. For example, say we want to find the number of matchsticks in this three by three matchstick square. We could structure it into four rows of three matchsticks, plus four columns of three matchsticks. In other words, there are four times three plus four times three matchsticks. Now, the number of matchsticks in each row and column is equal to the side length of the square, in this case three. And the number of rows and columns is one more than the side length, so we can write our expression like this. So if we had, say, a 20 by 20 matchstick square, the number of matchsticks would be this. And for an n by n square, the number would be this, or this. In this video, I'm going to look at how we can use a generic or quasi-variable approach to analyze a pattern of dots such as this. A nice feature of a generic approach is that we can often structure the pattern in different but equivalent ways. In turn, this provides an incentive to manipulate the resulting expressions to show that they are indeed equivalent. Though this video is addressed to colleagues in maths education, it should be possible to use the rest of this video in the classroom, moderated by the teacher, who should pause the video at strategic points to give students space to work on the task or to discuss their ideas. I trust that you, when viewing the video for the first time, will also pause the video at key moments. Here is a cross shape made of five dots. And here's a chain of these cross shapes. We want to find a rule for the total number of dots in the chain when we know the number of cross shapes. Let's consider this chain, which is made of six cross shapes. As there are six crosses, we might think that there are six times five dots, but that's not the case. Can you see why? It turns out that the chain has 20 dots. We could find this number by just counting each dot, but that could become tedious if we had a longer chain. Try to find a rule for the number of dots that is quicker than counting every dot. Check that it gives the answer 20 for our chain of six crosses. Now use your rule to find the number of dots in a chain of 10 crosses. You should get the answer 32. We're now going to look at different ways of structuring the chain of crosses. Each way of structuring should help us find a rule. The rule should all be equivalent and might well include your rule. Here we start with one cross of five dots. We then keep adding sets of three dots. We can write this expression for the number of dots in our chain of six crosses. And for a chain of ten crosses, we can write this. The number of sets of three that we add to the initial five dots depends on the number of crosses in a chain. In fact, it's one less than the number of crosses. We can show this by rewriting our expressions like this. Let's return to our chain of six crosses. Here's another way of structuring the dots. We can think of the chain as a row of six dots with a row of seven dots above it and a row of seven dots below. So we get this expression. In the same way for a row of ten crosses, we get this. Again, the lengths of the rows depend on the number of crosses in the chain. And we can show this by rewriting our expressions like this and this. We can also simplify our expression. For example, like this and this. What about our earlier expressions? Can they be written in the same simpler form? Now, look again at the chain of six crosses. Try to find other ways of structuring it and consider whether the resulting expressions are equivalent to the expression three times six plus two. See how many different ways of structuring the chain you can find. And finally, here's an alternative version of the task that you might want to try. It comes from the book Algebrable that ATM has recently announced it will be publishing.


Aspiring young authors at Bemidji Middle School got the rare opportunity this past week to learn and work alongside a well-known author. Margie Price spent the past couple of days presenting and working along seventh and eighth grade students on a writing project at Bemidji Middle School. The experience was made possible through the Minnesota Department of Education and Library Services. The hope is that students will leave the experience inspired. We always, they're always looking for something to read and to connect with an author, but when you can connect them with a live author and a book that they have read and then that author, I think it's a great connection for kids. Margie Price is no stranger to northern Minnesota. She currently lives in Duluth and she's the author of books like The Heart of a Samurai and the Newberry Honor Book. She says that while the kids are learning from her, she is also learning from all the kids. I do like to connect with kids and find out what they're thinking about, what they're reading, what kinds of things they're enjoying reading, but also what they like to write.  Now the class has concluded today with students working on their own fictional stories. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


Steve going into tonight's game we talked about it being important to build on that defense getting back to your habits and getting to your Good spots. How would you just describe the defensive effort in the mindset of the team tonight? It was a disaster. I mean, how do you? How else did you say it? I mean, I didn't see the will didn't see the desire Or the connectivity necessary to get stops and get rebounds Following up on that. I mean, you're usually in here two questions very quickly What was the message that you were imparting to the team after that was it? You know, we just got to make a bigger commitment. It's got to mean more and we got to care more and Obviously you've talked repeatedly about You know making sure that the team is staying together and not pulling away from the game plan defensively I mean, are you worried that somehow your message is just simply not getting through? I know you're repeating it.    You know, they're just gonna get two or three chances at the basket Coach, so where do you guys go from here? We have to look deep deep inside ourselves and what we want to do what do we want to accomplish, you know, do we want to Give up on this Because it's been difficult early or do we want to stay the course and start to build something? you know, we've had a lot a lot of really good days here early in the season and You know when we've lost a couple games and it's it's shook our mentality shook our mentality hard and you know We're not seeing the same competitive spirit and same purpose and if we don't clean that up It's it's it's not gonna get better. That's the only way to get out of out of difficult positions is to have character in competitive spirit Steve you talked about the lack of will I mean Indiana came in to think only 1011 guys no miles ton Would you think some of that maybe was from overlooking them or does that come from somewhere else? That's a good question. I mean anyway slice it, you know when you're one and four you got an opportunity to win a basketball game Offensively, there's not really too many problems. You know, I think we shot 36 from three But you know it's a night where we had a ton of good looks could have been up You know it could have been up 15 or more at the half We gave them 20 points in the last four minutes 19 points last four minutes of the half Just took our foot off the gas and and then their confidence was high Obviously they shot it exceptionally well, but you know, there's still got to be a point where you say enough's enough You know if you can make threes, but we're gonna make it hard on you. We're not gonna give you any rebounds We're not gonna get lose our matchups and transitions so that you're You know wide open lining it up when you've already made 23s in a game Steve you talked about the belief and the will you're in there every day with them Do you get the sense that they want to dig down that deep right now? You know like I said there's been so many days where we've challenged them and they've responded You know what it was the Miami game in the preseason You know it was the Pelicans game. We came back against Toronto and then you know We had a really good half in Memphis and you know when things don't go our way. We haven't had enough kind of Resilience to fight through and that's that's what we're seeking right now Is some resilience some character and being able to continue to find a way to play for each other Do the little things selfless acts that it takes every day to try to get possessions in your favor and to get stops Get rebounds help your teammates play together offensively.  I know you got to watch the tape You were standing out there watching it. Why do you think tonight the effort was so poor? Well, it's I mean we're getting it's it's you know, it's interesting. I mean like tonight a lot of their threes were one-on-one threes Same in in Memphis, you know, it's happened to us a little bit so ability to guard the basketball one-on-one to sort of The effort it's not always effort physically it's the effort mentally to make sure we're clean on our calls taking it for granted not talking to one another having causing confusion and And guys are getting too many good looks and and as you can see what happens when they get confidence their lights out so Yeah, we dug ourselves too big a hole and we have to really think hard about how committed we are to doing this


When I take a deep breath, I remember what it feels like to exist in my body and how it feels to be alive at this moment, in this time and in this place. I feel like I don't take enough deep breaths in my life, but I'll try to take more.


We can also use these ideas to address some more interesting topics. For example, we could consider what happens if we change one of the parameters in the equation. This might be useful, for example, if we are interested in overclocking a processor. If, for example, it normally runs and generates say 100 watts of waste heat, it has a capacitive load of 50 nanofarads, uses one volt, and normally runs at 2 gigahertz. We can ask what would happen if we have a better cooling system, we can dissipate 125 watts of waste heat. Then we might be able to get the processor to run a little faster. So, here we can take our 125 watts, substitute that in where we had 100 watts before, and now we'll be solving for the switching frequency. So, to solve for the switching frequency, we'll just divide both sides by capacitive load and the voltage. So, we get 125 divided by 50 nanofarads times one volt squared, and that will be equal to our switching frequency. So, 125 divided by 50 gives us 5 halves. We have a nanofarads on the bottom. So, that's a times 10 to the minus ninth, and this whole thing is in hertz. So, we can take this 10 to the minus ninth, put it up on the top, which point it would become 5 halves times 10 to the ninth hertz, or 2.5 gigahertz.


It's weapon time. Madam webs in theaters.  How sad and now I'm gonna do a review on it also on Valentine's Day because again the hate and the sadness Let's get started Hey, if you think the Sony spider-man universe that doesn't have spider-man and it is absolute garbage like I do Feel free to subscribe to the channel because I'm gonna be doing an epic rant on Sony and these miserable films They're churning out in just a day or two. This is gonna be a spoiler-free review spoiler though It sucks hit the notification bell Subscribe do all that stuff and you can hear my thoughts in their entirety, but for now. Let's just give vague Criticisms in an overview for you. I saw exactly one trailer for this film ahead of time over and over again I think they only made one trailer for it because they know it's a pile of shit Billy Eilish's song plays over the top because it's in 14 other movie trailers So it might as well keep that trend going It looked terrible. It looked like a hot steaming pile of crap And so I went in with the lowest of low expectations, which oftentimes works at the film's benefit When you go into a movie with the bottom of the barrel Expectations the only place to go is up and much like life did in Jurassic Park Madam Webb found a way to go even further down to dig through the bottom of that barrel Into the earth's crust and right to the core the worst possible place you could be and that's where the expectations lie Did I did I lose you with the analogy because I lost myself? Let's talk about this thing though. We have a bunch of good-looking actresses Not being utilized in the slightest try as they might have to get people interested in the sex appeal of the film by putting On really skimpy see-through dresses where the girls are pushed up out for the weekend That was the only good thing about this film and that wasn't even in the film the movie manages to De-sexualize the women give them no personalities Put them in their superhero outfits for 10 seconds Like that's not a spoiler. That's just a warning. You will not see these women as superheroes in this film It's an origin story all the way to the credits That's when the movie kicks in when it's done and at that point you are not going to give two shits because this thing is a Boring waste of time it feels like a film that was made in the 90s when they were first learning how to do superhero films But they didn't have a budget. They didn't have a good script chat GPT tried to get the script right it tried to make dialogue that had sense to it But nothing does Nothing adds up this editing which I also think was done by AI because any human that looked at this would go Yeah, these scenes don't really match up. Well from shot-to-shot stuff is wildly Inconsistent the CG the effects in this movie Atrociously bad Comically bad and that is the only pro I will give this thing out of the million cons It is really fun to laugh at from time to time In fact, I had some audible chuckles during this movie when it was supposed to be taken serious because there's no heart in this There's no passion in this Dakota Johnson looks dead inside. She has dead eyes throughout the whole movie I'm not sure she was there now Dakota Johnson's a nepo baby her parents are both celebrities. I'm not convinced She's a good actress or that she really made her own way into Hollywood I've only seen her in the 50 shades of gray movies.  She's got tons of money.  You're criticizing.  You don't think there's Thousands hundreds of thousands of actors in Hollywood Just struggling to get their one shot and getting rejected for roles because a Dakota Johnson comes in and takes it from Do I think she was the best person for this role?  Sydney Sweeney is just trying She's grasping to make something work. Her lines are miserable as well.  The villain of the picture is Ezekiel. He has spider-man powers and Every single line of dialogue in this movie presented by him sounds like it was dubbed over off-camera in a studio His mouth does not match anything. He says almost ever.  She's throwing it under the bus every chance She's getting or making slight little jabs at it that are not subtle at all Oh, and if this movie wasn't already insulting enough, let's not forget the egregious Pepsi product placement throughout It is freaking Hilarious Dakota Johnson walking through a picnic with a Pepsi can in hand and making sure that logo is Perfectly placed so that the camera can pick it up and all its glory just walking around.  Well, I'm not gonna spoil that But I think they kind of came out and said it doesn't tie into any of the other films It's standalone because they couldn't figure out what timeline to go off of or what spider-man they were gonna play off of It was gonna be Andrew Garfield or Tom Holland.   The movie is embarrassing from top to bottom.   The direction is horrid It does definitely line up with Morbius and Venom in terms of look most of it's at night And even when it's not you have really stark high contrast shots where it's hard to make out things because there's just so Many dark shadows on everyone It's so over pronounced that it just has no interesting scenes to it when I think of a darker universe That could have been great. I think of blade one and two Fantastic look to those movies that could have been branched out But instead no we have this trash and then we have craving the hunter on the horizon Which also looks miserable beyond all comprehension if you don't know the plot watch the trailer They tell you it in one boring sentence.  Should I do something about that? I don't know what they're trying to do with this build suspense and because she has this ability She's able to save some strangers from getting killed by an evil spider-man character Who's hunting them down because he has a premonition that in the future they're gonna kill him Why does he have this premonition? I don't know. He just has it people just have powers We're not really sure why but it doesn't I don't care about any of that superhero logic out the window That's fine. What I do care about is the fact that the action when it is there is Painfully bad.  Ah moving. It's all it's all cool. And no, it's not cool. If you have problems with strobing Buckle up. This movie's got flashes constantly like you're in a rave This thing takes place in the early 2000s So you get nostalgic music that was clearly just overlaid on top after the fact a couple of the songs are so Comically out of place. One of the songs specifically plays while three of the girls are just kind of stumbling through the woods It doesn't go with anything. It's just there. Oh, we got the rights to this song. Let's put it in. Let's put it in the movie It's in madame web now criticisms aside The concept behind this Not terrible But the execution is the idea of there being an evil spider-man Stalking its prey hunting them down until he kills them. That sounds good on paper I could see this working in a james cameron style Terminator film really dark and gritty rated r. He's killing people. That's not what this is That's not even remotely what this is But there was a small Like a tiny morsel of an idea that could have that could have worked It could have been baked into a nice bread But instead it's dead and we have mad dumb web Or mad damn web. That was bad. Madame Morbius Perhaps there's lots of options and none of them are good and either was this film Those are my thoughts on madame web easily the worst and I say I don't say that lightly Easily the worst of the sony spider-man universe without spider-man Let me know your thoughts. Did you see this? Am I wildly off? Is this is this just a crowning achievement in cinema? Is this uh the next big thing for comic book superhero movies? Is this gonna set the new standard? I mean, I I can't imagine anybody could sanely say that Let me know Please like the video if you had a good time subscribe if you haven't just Use that web shooter and snap that thing or or just get a premonition get a vision of what would happen if you did Sub what would happen?  I don't infuse politics into my reviews or religions or anything It's just it's just movies. I'm just talking movies. And so I would love to have you join me If you really love the channel, I have a patreon account patreon.com slash adam does movies There's a one dollar tier ten dollar thirty tons of perks come along with it every month They give away v logs about my life. What's going on behind the scenes. It's a great time. I'd love to have you join me All right, hopefully I see you next time


How do you train in the gym to improve athleticism? Watch this. Our next caller is Holly from Canada. Holly, what's happening? How can we help you? Hey, guys. Hey. OK, so if you read my question, like I said, I feel like I'm super fit. I feel really strong and good when I go into the gym. I work out with good form. I have been running pretty much solely maps programs for the last four years. I've done aesthetics probably two or three times, split twice, power lift, strong, anabolic. But I just don't feel very like athletic. If I, for example, I recently started skiing again and I just feel like so uncoordinated and if I ever play sports with friends or something, I just don't feel like I can run fast or move in a really athletic way. And I just don't know how to make myself be more of an athlete. If only we wrote a program that was specific to performance athletes. I wonder what you should follow. Where is that one? Come on, Holly. Now, you know what? Holly, let me tell you. Sorry, I can't hear you guys at all. Can you hear us now? I can hear Sal a little bit. But when Adam talked, I couldn't hear anything. He doesn't say anything important. Yeah, don't listen to him anyway. Let me think your best advice of your life. What could be the issue here? I am trying to determine. Well, just let Sal yell it out. Doug, why don't you answer this one? Let's roll with it. Yeah, Doug. We don't do that. Doug's got this. And so, yeah, you just, yeah, I'll do it. Yeah, here's the deal. I can't give you a long answer, but I can give you a very short and succinct answer. You mentioned a lot of different programs you've done. Have you done MAPS performance? Okay, so I have MAPS performance and I've run it halfway through once and then I started it again at the beginning of last month before the gyms in Ontario closed again. And no hate on you guys' programs because obviously I love them, but I just personally find performance kind of boring for me and I'm not really able to stick to it very well. Well, okay, so. We're going to challenge your ego here. Yeah, I was going to say, well, you can't, you want to have your cake and eat it too, right? I don't like to train like an athlete either. I think that's boring.  And so it requires me doing the boring, multi-planar type of movements that I don't like doing, but it's going to translate on the court better than anything else. So it's kind of like, okay, well, you kind of know what you're supposed to be doing. You don't like doing it very much, but then you want the results from that to translate on to the field or whatever sport you're playing. So that is the program and it's like specifically designed for someone just like you to perform better in their sport. If I might ask, you said you ran it kind of almost halfway through, like what part was boring for you? I mean, obviously the mobility session. The mobility session, the one that's going to provide you with the most impact for being athlete. Okay. Yeah, you know what, Holly? Let me jump in here real quick. A lot of times people confuse fitness with athletic ability. Now, fitness plays a role in athletic ability, but a big part of athletic ability is skill and coordination, which comes with practice. So I'll give you an alternative answer. I think Baph's performance is the perfect program for you, but I do think if you want to get better at certain sports, you should just practice those sports more often. Play more basketball, play more baseball, do more skiing, and you'll get better at those things. No amount of fitness in the gym is going to give you the type of coordination specific to the sport you're trying to get better at than practicing that sport itself. Now that being said, if you want to do something in the gym that's going to translate the most into sports. Mass performance. Mass performance. That program is written, and every part of it is written to specifically address all the things that an athlete needs, all the attributes that a general athlete, just like yourself, soccer, what do we say? Soccer, skiing, what's the other one that we have? Baseball. That's why that program is so perfect. It's not just for basketball players, it's for somebody who wants general strength in all different directions, good mobility, flexibility, endurance, stamina, all the things that you want to be good in sports. Yeah, and here's the other side of it too. Athleticism can be quite specific. So just because somebody's really good with strength exercises and not good in a traditional sport doesn't mean they're not athletic. It just means they're not athletic for a particular sport. So maybe you just don't like it. You want something but you don't like it. Who cares, you know? Be good in the gym, keep healthy, and you're totally fine. But if you still want that athletic ability, I mean the advice is the same. Maps performance in the gym and I would practice those sports more often. And if you really don't want to do athletic training in the gym, you like traditional resistance training in the gym, still practice playing sports outside of the gym because that's going to give you more of that athleticism. You can't expect to get more athleticism without doing that. This hits home for me right now a lot, okay? So I've been telling Katrina off air, just her and I talking. I say, I really want to get back into playing basketball. I miss playing the ball. It's one of my favorite pastimes to do that. Now I know I'm in no condition to play basketball. Does that mean I'm strong? I can lift a lot of weight right now. I'm not in bad shape. I'm just not in basketball shape. And I know the exercises that I need to do to prepare myself to go play basketball.  But I do know there are specific exercises that I should do to prepare myself to get ready for that. And because I also don't like training that way. Mass performance is one of my least favorite programs too because I like split and aesthetic and strong and more bodybuilder type focused programs.  And I do that because I'm getting older and I know I'll hurt myself because my mind will say I can still play like I'm 20 but I know I can't. And so my sacrifices, well, I don't deserve to go play that sport right now because I'm not doing the work in the gym to prepare my body for that. And so it really comes down to asking yourself, Holly, what do you really wanna do? Yeah, you know, I got a little bit of a compromise for you, Holly. What if you did one foundational workout a week from performance and then two foundational workouts a week from another maps program that's maybe something along the lines that you enjoy more maybe like a maps anabolic or a maps aesthetic. So you're getting some of the athletic training but then most of the week you get to do the fun stuff. Run maps aesthetic and then do the mobility sessions in between instead of focus sessions. Yeah, you can mix it up that way. Okay, yeah. Yeah, that's what I was gonna ask is like if there's a way to sort of incorporate performance into another program without having to fully do performance since I've found like it hard to adhere to it in the past. Yeah, you could totally do that. You could totally go one foundational workout a week from performance, two from aesthetic or all from aesthetic and then do only mobility sessions. And you can kind of mix it that way and the mix will determine what you get more of, you know, the aesthetic version, the types of results or the more of the athletic types of results. But I will say this Holly, training for athleticism doesn't reduce your aesthetics. I think you might be, especially for someone who if you've never trained that way I think you might be surprised that you may actually get you might actually look better because now you're doing things you normally don't do. Yeah, all right. All right. Well, thanks for calling in. Okay. Appreciate it. All right. Thanks guys. No problem. Thank you. Yeah. That was great. It's like a math performance. But I appreciate that she was honest because here I literally, this is close to home for me right now. I'm not kidding that I've been wrestling with this idea of going back to playing basketball so much in the last year. Like I really miss it. But I've had a couple of times where I go out there to go try and play and oh boy, my body is not ready. I can go deadlift or bench press right now. No problem. But I to go laterally move left or right really fast and explosive. Most people in the gym, yeah, they're not doing what's gonna promote the really good explosive movement. Right. That takes the actual work that's very specific. So it may be challenging mentally to do things that are outside your comfort, but if you're really serious about becoming a better athlete or having more athleticism or just moving better in general, that has to be a focus. So this is the accountability piece that I'm having with myself. Like I won't go play ball unless I'm willing to put in the steps that I know are gonna protect me from getting hurt. I know I'm not putting that work. And for some reason I'm having this hard time because I used to love that way of training as a kid. I just don't care. I don't like doing that one. And I know part of it is it's hard.  I don't feel like, and so she's in the same exact dilemma right here where obviously the program she listed off, she's definitely more focused on strength and look. She probably feels good because she's looking good. But yeah, it's just her movement probably is a mistake. Yeah, and then I bet when she did the lunge matrix and did some of the single leg movements we have, she probably had to go way lighter.  If you're gonna, especially if, I don't know, we didn't ask her age, but especially you start getting above 30 and stuff like that. If you wanna be athletic and play sports like that, I mean performance is the program for you. I mean, that's the thing. You really try to kind of cover all aspects of all sports to give general strength and stability to those people. Well, we took the elements, right, of what creates an athlete, the fundamental principles. You need to be able to generate force. You need to be able to control that. You need to be able to keep your joints healthy and stable and be able to, in order to move explosively, you need to be able to figure out how to move explosively and also be able to control that. And so completely different pursuits than just generating strength. Yeah, and you gotta be honest with yourself too. I want this thing, but I don't wanna do anything that gets me to this thing. That's why I call their atoms.  Yeah, well then you don't want it. If you do, then you'll do it. Now, it's different when I'm doing the things that I think are supposed to help and nothing's happening, in which case we can look and view and see, okay, well, what's going on. But when the answer's there, they know the answer, they don't wanna do it, the question is, do you really want it? And I think the problem is a lot of people want to want something, and so they say it, but your actions speak a lot of the words, and so it's okay. Look, there's nothing wrong with being a gym-fit person and not being able to go play baseball or football with other people. There's nothing wrong with that, but you have to accept that because being good at certain things requires you do specific things. And if you don't wanna do those things, then accept it. You don't accept that a long time ago. That's right. Look, I'm just sexy. That's it, there's nothing else.  That's it, yeah. All right. Hey, if you enjoyed that clip, you can find the full episode here, or you can find other clips over here, and be sure to subscribe.


I am Sam Baknin and I am the author of Malignan self-love, Narcissism Revisited. As one source of narcissistic supplied windows, the narcissist finds himself trapped in a frantic, though a time's unconscious effort to secure alternatives. As one pathological narcissistic space, the narcissist's stomping grounds is rendered uninhabitable because too many people see through the narcissist's manipulation and machinations. The narcissist wanders off to find another. These hysterical endeavors sometimes lead to boom bust cycles, which involve, in the first stage, the formation of a grandiosity bubble. A grandiosity bubble is an imagined, self-aggrandizing narrative involving the narcissist and elements from his real life, people around him, places he frequents, conversations he's having. The narcissist weaves a story, incorporating these facts, inflating them in the process and endowing them with bogus internal meaning and consistency. In other words, the narcissist does what he does best. He confabulates. But this time, the confabulation is loosely based on reality. In the process, the narcissist reinvents himself and his life to fit the new fangled tail. He recasts himself in newly adopted roles. He suddenly fancies himself an actor, a guru, a political activist, an entrepreneur, an author, or even an irresistible hunk. The narcissist modifies his behavior to conform to these new functions and roles, self-allocated as they are. He gradually morphs into the fabricated character, his shape shifts and becomes the fictitious protagonist he has created. All the mechanisms of pathological narcissism are at work during the bubble phase. The narcissist idealizes the situation, the other actors, and the environment. He tries to control and to manipulate his milieu into buttressing his false notions and perceptions. Faced with an inevitable grandiosity gap between reality and the bubble, the narcissist becomes disillusioned and bitter and devalues and discards the people, places, and circumstances involved in the grandiosity bubble. Still, grandiosity bubbles are not part of the normal narcissistic mini-cycle. They are rare events, much like trying on a new outfit for size and comfort. They fizzle out rapidly and the narcissist reverts to his regular pattern, idealizing new sources of supply, devaluing and discarding these sources or previous ones, pursuing the next victims to be drained of energy. Actually, the deflation of a grandiosity bubble is met with relief by the narcissist. He does not involve a narcissistic injury. The narcissist views the bubble as merely an experimented being someone else for a while, as an exercise at acting. The grandiosity bubble is a safety valve, allowing the narcissist to effectively cope with negative emotions and frustration by temporarily becoming someone else, by playing or play acting a role. Thus cleansed, the narcissist can go back to doing what he does best, rejecting a force self and garnering attention from others. Grandiosity bubbles are therefore cathartic.