Recorded books and Arby Digital present, Exile and the Kingdom, by Albert Camus, translated by Carol Cosman, narrated by Jefferson Maze. The adulterous wife, a fly circled feebly for a moment toward the raised windows of the bus. Oddly it came and went in silence, an exhausted flight. Jeanine lost sight of it, then saw it land on her husband's motionless hand. It was cold. The fly trembled at every gust of sandy wind that scratched against the windows. In the meager light of the winter morning, with a great screech of sheet metal and shock absorbers, the vehicle rolled and pitched, scarcely advancing. Jeanine looked at her husband.  At every bump in the road she felt him bounce against her. Then he let his torso sink heavily on his spread legs, his eyes glazed, once again inert, absent. Only his thick, hairless hands seemed to move, looking even shorter in the gray flannel that hung below his shirt sleeves and covered his wrists. They squeezed a little canvas case, set between his knees, so tightly that they appeared not to feel the hesitant course of the fly. Suddenly, they heard distinctly the screaming of the wind, and the mineral fog that surrounded the bus became even thicker. The sand now hurled itself at the windows in fistfuls, as if thrown by invisible hands. The fly waved a frail wing, flexed its legs, and flew off. The bus slowed down, and seemed about to stop. Then the wind appeared to grow calmer, the fog cleared a little, and the vehicle sped up again. Shows of light were opening in the landscape, drowned in dust. Two or three palm trees, delicate and whitened as though cut from metal, surged at the window, only to disappear an instant later. What a country, Marcel said.  Some had put their feet up on the benches, and swayed more than others with the movement of the vehicle. Their silence, their impassiveness, weighed on Janine. She felt she had been travelling for days with this mute escort. Yet the bus had left at dawn from the railway station, and for two hours in the cold morning it had been advancing over a rocky, desolate plateau that, at least at the outset, had extended its line straight to the reddening horizon. But the wind had risen, and little by little it had swallowed the vast expanse. From that moment the passengers could see nothing. One by one they had fallen quiet, and had navigated in silence in a kind of sleepless night, sometimes rubbing their lips and eyes, irritated by the sand that had filtered into the car. Janine! She jumped at her husband's summons. She thought once more what a ridiculous name she had, tall and strong as she was. Marcel wanted to know where to find the sample case. She felt around the empty space under the bench with her foot, and encountered an object she thought must have been the case. She could not bend down without coughing a little. In high school, though, she was first in gymnastics, never out of breath. Was it so long ago? Twenty-five years. Twenty-five years were nothing. It seemed to her only yesterday that she was hesitating between a free life and marriage. Only yesterday that she had felt such anguish the thought that perhaps one day she would grow old alone. She was not alone. And that law student who never wanted to leave her was now at her side. She had accepted him in the end, although he was a little short, and she did not much like his hungry, sudden laugh or his dark, protruding eyes. But she loved his courage to live, which he shared with the French of this country. She also loved his downcast air when events— Sample complete. Ready to continue?


Once you have completed the readings, lecture, activity, and assessment, you will be able to articulate why computer security was not a salient issue to most Americans during the 1960s through the 1990s. Articulate how modern cyber capabilities are also germane to military theorists Klaus Witz and Sun Tzu. Welcome to the first lecture of Cyber Conflict. This course presented in 15 modules and requiring no prior technical experience offers an overview of well known cyber attacks of the past few decades. It examines capabilities and operations of some of the United States major cyber adversaries, China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea. The course considers how cyber capabilities fit into the standard notions of warfare and military strategy and the course covers the historical development of our own cyber warfare capability as we highlight a few bureaucratic battles among government agencies culminating in the recent official stand up of the U.S. Cyber Command. Although many would think that cyber espionage is a recent issue, the fact is that nation states have been using cyber espionage for decades to steal secrets from one another. In fact, the first act of nation state espionage is believed to occur 50 years ago. In 1967, when East German spies hacked into computers operated by an IBM subsidiary in West Germany, the intrusion was so worrisome that it prompted the U.S. House of Representatives to hold three days of hearings on the risk of computer espionage. Although such attacks were concerning, we will see that they tended to produce little consequence in strengthening cybersecurity within both the public and private sectors. Even into the late 1980s, most politicians, as well as the general public, lacked any real experience with computers to make protection of networks and agenda item. The private sector took significant notice only after the morris worm infected nearly 10 percent of our country's computers. And it was not until a decade later within the eligible receiver exercise in 1997 that our own military's senior leadership recognized the challenges of cybersecurity, leading to much needed changes. As noted, one topic in this course is how cyber capabilities fit into the standard notions of warfare and military strategy. Thomas Ridd, professor of strategic studies at Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies, has argued that there is really no such thing as cyber warfare. Asserting that the type of violence unleashed by cyber capabilities is too indirect to be characterized as an act of war. Other theorists such as Craig Greathouse, professor of political science and international affairs at the University of North Georgia, note that cyber warfare capabilities could easily be incorporated into the strategic ideas of Clausewitz and Sun Tzu, among others. These philosophical topics will be highlighted at various points throughout the course. We will use two primary textbooks for this course. Fred Kaplan's 2016 Dark Territory, The Secret History of Cyber War, and Adam Siegel's 2016 The Hacked World Order, how nations fight, trade, maneuver, and manipulate in the digital age. Kaplan's Dark Territory will help us to understand the historical development and organization of the United States cyber warfare enterprise. Siegel's The Hacked World Order will help illuminate how nation states have come to grapple with these new cyber warfare capabilities and incorporated them into national security strategies. You are responsible for purchasing both textbooks. Other readings may be provided as well through the course. In addition, you will view several videos from various cyber conflict experts. These speakers bring unique perspectives and knowledge that greatly supplement the assigned reading material. Now let's begin the course. Quiz question one. True or false? From the 1970s through the early 1990s, most Americans had a fairly good understanding of computer technology and the promise it held for the future. The answer is false. Quiz question two. Taking into account Klaus Witt's assertion that total absolute war can only exist in theory, which of the following best describes the impact a cyber war would have? A. The impact of cyber war would be limited. B. The impact of cyber war would be all encompassing and absolute. C. Cyber war would provide no value to the outcome of a conflict. D. Klaus Witt's theories are not applicable to cyber war. The answer is A. The impact of cyber war would be limited. The activity for this module asks that you provide a one page reflection about your current level of knowledge regarding cyber conflict, include facts you know about Russian, Chinese, Iranian, and North Korean cyber capabilities, and how you feel about technology's impact on society. For instance, are you fearful of the level of technological change that is occurring in society? Save your reflection to compare and contrast your thoughts at the end of this course.


Ladies and gentlemen please welcome to the stage chairman of the Alamo City Chamber of Commerce, Wayne Terry. Good afternoon. While they're exiting the stage can help me in recognizing and thanking the Johnson High School Band for their performance today. What a wonderful job. Thank you so much. My name is Wayne Terry. I work for HEB as well as the honor of being the new chairman of the board of the Alamo City Chamber of Commerce. San Antonio is known as America's City on the Rise and for the Alamo City Chamber the Chamber on the Rise we boldly share this vision. One of our city's richest traditions is the engagement of our community leaders. We are fortunate to have a history of committed citizens who act as trailblazers, mentors and supporters who not only embrace the vision of a greater San Antonio but also seeing it through to reality. Many of you are great community leaders in the room today. Daryl Byrd is a great example of one of those community leaders. As the president and CEO for SA 2020 Daryl is leading a community-wide effort to chart a bold course that over the next 10 years will ultimately transform San Antonio into one of the nation's undisputably great cities. Daryl is a consensus builder and with his record of success for taking on transformational projects it is clear to see that he can turn our city's vision into reality. Ladies and gentlemen we are very proud to introduce a member of the Alamo City Chamber of Commerce and we are very supportive of the leadership displayed by Daryl Byrd and SA 2020. Please help me welcome him to the podium. Daryl. Thank you very much Wayne. Good afternoon everyone. Really pleased to be with you. I get the honor in two to three minutes of introducing our mayor. That's a really hard job. Two to three minutes to introduce a guy who has done some extraordinary things for our city and has taught us how to look to the future not his future but look to the future together. I'm gonna try to knock this out in two to three minutes. If I go over you'll forgive me. You know this is one of those occasions where we get together from time to time at least once a year and we say things like this there's no better time to be in San Antonio. But you know I think today and really over the past decade it's really been a true statement there really is no better time to be in San Antonio as a matter of fact from my perspective I would add a little two or a little three at the top of that because I think we're on to something great we're doing some things that are really extraordinary and much better than we've we've done in the past decade we continue to grow we continue to evolve as a city you know this is a time when across America and cities large and small and everything in between mayors and leaders and captains of industry and civic leaders and individuals are trying to figure out how to do more with less it seems sometimes though that they're doing less with less in San Antonio we're actually changing the game here. San Antonio were actually building opportunity we're actually creating opportunity maybe sometimes the resources of scares but this is a city where we've been able to do some things with great leadership like our mayors to make something out of nothing you know we're celebrating something today which we already know maybe the rest of the world isn't quite on to it yet most of them are this is a city that's in motion this is a city that has great momentum this is a city that's on the rise. Now you're gonna hear from the mayor in a little bit he's gonna tell you about the the path that we've worn over the past year on the beginning of 2013 to today we're gonna talk a little bit about where we stand today and he's gonna share his hope for the future and what he sees ahead and I'm gonna leave that to him to get into the details of what that means and how exciting that's gonna be for all of us but I want to reflect on a few things for me personally when I think of his leadership when I think of what he's all drawn us all to do to dream to think about our city I want to reflect on a couple of things and that are important to me I think about the fact that since he became mayor he has drawn and driven an unprecedented amount of focus and attention on public education driven straight out of his front door city hall it's been unprecedented and great things have been yielded from that our high school graduation rate now exceeds our essay 2020 levels somewhere around 92% high school graduation rate we began with a goal of 85% and at that time our grade high school graduation rate was 75% extraordinary things are happening you see the great investment that you as San Antonians have created out of pre-k for essay driven by his leadership to invest at the earliest stages in our young people's education all driven out of his vision for the future you know this is a guy who has what I would call great eyesight essay 2020 vision as a matter of fact by that what I mean is he's got the long-term eyesight to be able to see into the future and to see what opportunities and promise it holds but he's also got the ability to look up close to focus on the details that matter focus on the path ahead that's a rare rare combination of skills and qualities and a leader and we've got that right here in San Antonio I reflect on the mayor's leadership in creating a fitness culture in San Antonio this is a city where two years ago we were leading the nation in obesity 68% of all adults whether an unhealthy rate or obese under his leadership today the adult obesity rate has actually been driven down to below the state average can't remember the last time that's been a reality in San Antonio that equates to tens of thousands of San Antonians our brothers our sisters our mothers our fathers who are no longer at risk of certain types of cancers or heart disease extraordinary things are happening in this city and again we've got a mayor that creates openings for us to chart that course and to build it together that's rare that doesn't happen across the country I think about the fact that the mayor is the mayor of all of San Antonio I think about how years ago he collaborated with city councilwoman Ivy Taylor and focused on the east side and bought resources and collaboration to that community and now the east side of San Antonio stands as the only city in all of America that has both a promised neighborhood and a choice neighborhood bringing tens of millions of dollars worth of resources and investment to our city I think about our mayor strategic focus in other areas in our downtown in our neighborhoods and arts and culture San Antonio now stands as one of the most attractive places in all of America for college educated talent number six of all the big cities in America number six San Antonio is also one of the best places to retire so San Antonio is not only the great place to begin your career but a great place to end it this is a city for the young and for the young at heart things are changing in San Antonio we're on to a bold future and again we're doing it together I wanted to before our close call attention to a group that is here with us today that I know is important to the mayor and this is a group from SA ISD the SA ISD student advisory committee if you all could stand you're sitting at two tables here we were talking about student engagement and civic engagement and the fact that this mayor following the model of great mayors before him in San Antonio again creates openings for folks to not only be bystanders and great things happening in their city but actually be the producers of that great thing and that young group of young people representing every high school in SA ISD including the young women's leadership academy are doing that very thing advising their superintendent advising the board and advising the administration on important matters to them within the campus and outside of it so again we applaud them and mayor for giving them an opportunity and the last thing I'll say before the next voice you hear which will be our mayor I'm a Virginian by birth I've been in San Antonio seven years 17 years so this is home but I want to steal a great brand coming from Virginia and it's Virginia Slims we've come a long way baby we have come a long way baby but I cannot wait to see where we go next the next voice you hear is our mayor help me and welcoming Mayor Julian Castro thank you very much good afternoon well first of all thank you very much Darrell for that introduction and more importantly for the great work that you're doing at SA 2020 and the leadership that you and the entire SA 2020 crew has shown I also want to of course thank our host today the chambers of commerce let's give them a great round of applause the greater chamber the Hispanic chamber the Alamo city chamber and the Alamo Asian chamber I also want to just recognize and thank County Judge Wolf I know is here today Nelson is somewhere out there for his great work in our city I have to tell you that I've enjoyed working with Nelson during my last couple of terms and his and I look forward to working with him in his next term as well I also want to recognize our great city manager the best city manager in the United States Cheryl Scully who is here with us today for her excellent work you know nothing that we get done at City Hall is done alone it's done by the collaboration of the staff and of course the city council and I'm so pleased that I have a great city council that works hard that believes in making this city a better place no matter what part of town you come from and sees everything in that regard I'd like to ask my council colleagues who are here to please stand and be recognized I also of course want to recognize my own staff they don't often get recognized I'm terrible about these kinds of things but I'd like for them to stand up because they make me successful I know they're here today highman Francis and Patty and Stacy Adam Jed Matthew of course I want to also thank the great Johnson High School Jaguar musicians who are up here the band let's give them a big round of applause as well as the Herf Elementary School students and the SAIC students that we had here and this is a rare treat for me during the middle of the day to get to spend a little bit of time with both my mother Rosie who is here and also of course the love of my life my wife Erika thank you all very much for everything that you mean to me there are two folks who are not here today we took Karina to school because she was looking forward to going to a book fair this afternoon at her elementary school and of course my brother Joaquin isn't here because they have votes this afternoon in DC you know my brother likes to go around claiming that I'm a minute uglier than he is and just recently I took the odd step of dying my hair blonde and proved him right actually what I say these days is that the difference between Joaquin and me is that I have the better job if there's one thing that is clear in America today it is that cities are where things still get done in this nation cities are the places where people of different backgrounds different perspectives roll up their sleeves put ideology aside and actually accomplish things and San Antonio is a better off for it this much is true of our city in 2014 San Antonio is a city on the rise our graduation rate is up our unemployment rate is down our real estate market is up and our teen pregnancy rate is down our income levels are up and our obesity rate is down and from every corner of the nation as well as the world people are taking notice of San Antonio in a way that they haven't in a long time folks are watching this city as a driver one indicator of America's prosperity in the 21st century global economy and San Antonio success is owing to two things hard work and a strong vision the hard work is done by folks in their everyday lives employees and employers in small companies and big ones nonprofits the public sector the private sector the vision was forged a few years ago by thousands of San Antonians as part of essay 2020 to create a brain power community that is the liveliest city in the United States to make that vision a reality the number one goal that we have in this city is to ensure that we create brain power and that we match that brain power to 21st century opportunities in November of 2012 San Antonians took an unprecedented step to do just that by passing pre-k for essay when San Antonians pass pre-k for essay they did so on a good about of faith but in 2013 we opened up the first two pre-k for essay centers and have welcomed 675 four-year-olds from throughout our community to pre-k for essay one of those four-year-olds is here with us today when Tracy May on first heard about pre-k for essay she was yeah she says a bit skeptical about enrolling her daughter Haley in a program that was in its first year you see Tracy had worked in the past as a substitute teacher and so she knew a little bit of something about good curriculum and bad curriculum and a good functioning school and a not so good functioning one but she decided to take a leap of faith she enrolled Haley in the north side pre-k for essay center and every now and then she would go and make a surprise visit and check in on Haley and see how everything was going and six months later Tracy said that she could see the positive effect that pre-k for essay was having on Haley she said in fact that sometimes Haley would even correct her those of y'all who are parents know this routine she would tell her that the shape they were looking at with four sides wasn't a diamond it was called a rhombus Haley and Tracy are both here today and they're great examples of what can happen in early childhood education let's give them a big round of applause and later this year pre-k for essay will open up the next two centers of educational excellence we will enroll in total 1,500 young four-year-olds and we will continue our march to ensure that we have the best prepared most well educated young people in all of the state of Texas one of the challenges that we have is on the city's east side fortunately San Antonio's east side is the only neighborhood in the United States with a promised neighborhood grant a choice neighborhood grant and now a promise zone designation the focus around east point is to create a cradle to college to career pipeline of opportunity and talent not only for the east side but for our entire community and already we're seeing incredible results on the east point neighborhood at each of the six schools student enrollment and student attendance is up chronic absenteeism is down thanks to the good work of Family Services Association and City Year and the four-year graduation rate at Sam Houston high school is now 84% when the application for the designation was made it was at 45 if I could see one thing come to pass by the time I leave office it would be this that the roles the list of graduates at our high schools and our colleges is much longer than it is today I've said many times that I feel very blessed in my own life like I'm sure you do that I was able to get a good public school education and then go to college and the law school and to come back to this city that I love and to reach my dreams and that's what I want for all of your sons and daughters and grandchildren it's important that we not only show them from afar how much we care but we show them at home and that those of us in public service also encourage them when I got elected mayor I said that I would visit every single middle school in our city and with the exception of two or three that got away I did that by the end of the 2014-2015 school year I will visit every single high school in our city to encourage our young people to reach for their dreams to stay in school and to go to college and become great entrepreneurs and success stories for the future and when our students graduate from high school we need to ensure that their talent is matched with opportunities in great 21st century industries over the last few years with the help of Judge Wolf and Mario Hernandez at our EDF we've transitioned enhanced our economic development model to pursue jobs in new tech industries including the new energy economy I'm very pleased that in 2014 the CPS Energy OCI solar partnership will produce the largest solar manufacturing facility in the entire United States of America with 805 jobs good paying jobs for San Antonians but we also need to look to the longer term just recently through SA 2020 we appointed a talent pipeline task force with involvement from our business community to determine how we can best ensure that the skills of our workforce meet the needs of our employers whether those employers are Toyota or Rackspace or Boeing or others we want to ensure that in San Antonio those companies have the manpower that they need with the skills that are right to grow here instead of somewhere else and we want to ensure that our young people understand what their options are so that they can pursue the job that is best for them and I know that that effort will be successful but it's not just about meeting the needs of our big companies we also understand that three quarters of the jobs that are created in San Antonio come from small businesses in fact especially businesses younger than five years last year during my state of the city address I talked about cafe commerce cafe commerce is a one-stop resource center on the first floor of our main library for any entrepreneur who has a dream of starting a business or growing one this June we will cut the ribbon on cafe commerce to make sure that San Antonio is a place for startups being competitive also means that our internet speed has to be fast and information must flow quickly that's why I'm pleased that San Antonio last week officially announced that it's in discussions with Google fiber mark my words San Antonio will become a Google fiber city the second part of what we're accomplishing the reason that San Antonio is rising is the fact that we're making San Antonio a more livable city that starts with ensuring that our urban core is vibrant this is the decade of downtown and I'm pleased that in 2014 you will see the physical turnaround of our downtown we're opening up eight housing developments in our urban core the total 486 units and breaking ground on 11 more that will total over 1200 new units because of the work of mayor Hardburger and county judge Wolf and Bruce bug and his colleagues this summer we will open up the tenor the Tobin Center for the Performing Arts so that San Antonio has a world-class home for its symphony in its arts organizations and just down the block a new Travis Park will rise as we give more attention to the green space in downtown and throughout our city 2014 will mark the year that we break ground on the first phase of the hemisphere redevelopment the play escape y'all know that old wooden playground in the middle of hemisphere the one that you're always afraid for your kid or grand kid to touch because you think they're gonna get splinters we're gonna have a new one and it's gonna mark the beginning of a great renaissance at hemisphere that will be a world-class park for San Antonio right in our backyard we're also pleased that four letters that mean San Antonio will rise up above the skyline on a black tinted window building u.s.a.a. is moving 150 employees to downtown San Antonio and we hope that's just the first of many in years past I've talked about something that people have been waiting for for a long time in our urban core something that seems so elusive it just seemed like it would never happen but in 2014 we will break ground on a downtown grocery store at last finally for the residents of our urban core we also have to ensure that we get the basics of good government right I'm pleased that today our utilities cps energy and saws are working together like they never have before the last few years Texas has experienced the second worst drought in its recorded history we have seen the necessity of being innovative being collaborative being resourceful when it comes to water a couple of years ago I had the opportunity along with a delegation of San Antonio business leaders to visit Israel and I was very impressed with how resourceful that nation has been in terms of desalination and I'm pleased that in the coming years cps and saws will work to create the first desal power plant co-location facility in the United States a few years ago this community had the foresight to create the aquifer storage and recovery facility the asr has been a godsend in fact just this past year it helped us avoid stage 3 drought restrictions to his credit Robert went the commission to study to see what the capacity truly is of that storage facility so far we've been storing almost 108,000 acre feet of water in the asr I'm pleased that now we will we will save and store 200,000 acre feet in that asr helping to meet the needs of San Antonio in drought at the same time we have to ensure that our goal when it comes to water is not just to keep up but to get ahead to ensure that when it comes to the business community in town and out of town there is never a question about whether San Antonio has enough water no matter the severity of the drought and that's why as I remarked before we will ensure that we keep our freshwater open freshwater options open as well so that we have the opportunity to take advantage of that option at City Hall we used to joke that we were the only major city with a triple a bond rating for from each of the major rating agencies and really that wasn't a joke that was true although I doubt that some of my fellow mayors across the country like to hear that as of December the fact is that we are the only major American city with a triple a bond rating by any major rating agency I want to thank the city manager and her staff for the great work that they have done will continue to be fiscally responsible that means that it was as we go into the budget process this fall we will continue to make the tough choices necessary to tighten our belt much has been written and spoken about the issue of legacy costs I'm appreciative of the work that former councilman Reed Williams and his task force did to look at this issue our firefighters and police officers are the best in the nation they deserve excellent benefits it is inaccurate to compare San Antonio to Detroit we are not Detroit our pension system is in good health and we have managed our resources well at the same time it's also clear that the costs of health care are growing faster than other costs I have told the unions that I hope that together at the negotiating table we can find ways to put reasonable cost controls on health care and other costs in our public safety budget the goal is not just to keep our public safety static but to grow the number of officers and firefighters on duty in the future and I believe that we can do it and finally our city continues to improve its basic health when we went through essay 2020 the issue that folks got most passionate about the one they were willing to commit themselves the most to was the issue of health and wellness here in San Antonio that's a passion that has been earned the hard way I grew up with a grandmother who for as long as I lived with her had diabetes and toward the end of her life she had one of her legs amputated and I bet if we went around the room we would hear that story over and over again we've done a lot over the last few years to help ensure that people have the opportunity to get more active and to watch what they eat I'm especially proud of the mayor's fitness council and I'd like to ask them to stand if they're here in attendance we've seen the adult obesity rate go down from 35% to 28% for the first time in a long time underneath the statewide average and this year in 2014 the mayor's fitness council is hosting fit city essay comms million-pound challenge with support from the YMCA and from HEB the goal is for San Antonio residents to collectively lose one million pounds so put the cheesecake aside put the chocolate cake aside drink some water instead of some soda I pledge today to do my part to help this city be more active and I challenge you to help San Antonio be a healthier community as well when we talk about creating a greater city we know that these things won't come easily they won't happen quickly but they can happen if we continue to do what we have always done so well as San Antonians to put aside what part of town we come from or our ideology and to work together towards solutions to get involved I hope in this year 2014 that you'll visit essay 2020.org that you'll volunteer your time through big brothers big sisters or another organization to mentor a child or to clean up graffiti that you'll resolve to make your neighborhood safer by joining cell you on patrol or your neighborhood association that you will help us reach our 2020 goal of creating a more prosperous and livable San Antonio that's a vision that's going to take all of us that's something that Estrella Hernández knows very well at the age of 13 Estrella saw the movie supersize me and she decided to do something in her own community to improve public health Estrella wanted to turn physical activity into something that was fun and enjoyable for her neighbors so she created an app called we walk she garnered $12,000 in support from the 80-20 foundation and others to develop a beta version which he had plans to unveil at Seaclovia in March the first Seaclovia on the south side of town Estrella sites are set on raising $200,000 to finish developing her app and she has the support of the mayor's fitness council to do so and Estrella and her mother are here today and I'd like for us to express our appreciation of them so as we go through the year 2014 let's do what we do best dream together work together succeed together show that we can roll our sleeves up and get something done in this community for the entire community San Antonio is growing it's prospering it is rising let each of us seize the opportunity to make this city we love greater for ourselves for our children and for all the generations to come I know that we can do it thank you hello my name is Elvai Adams and I work for Wells Fargo Bank as a senior business relationship banker and also a president of Alamo Asian American Chamber of Commerce and mayor thank you so much for your message today I mean every year we get together and this occasion and we always bring a great message from you and then who is not excited to go home lose some weight come on right anyway I know each chambers my colleagues and we are looking forward to work with you and your staffs and continue like you say to work hard to dream big and make our city success in the nation so as appreciation we have a small we have created a small piece of art as a token of appreciation for you and it is a symbol that represent your bold leadership and a long lasting policies that have led our community to truly become a city on the rise so if I can I have all the chamber leaders come down the stage for the pictures so on the last note I want to take this opportunity to thank all the leaders who are here today and all our corporate sponsors as well as all the individual attendee and thank you so much for joining us today and we look forward to see you next year thank you


Hi, I'm Zor. Welcome to Unizor Education. Today, the lecture will be very, well, non-theoretical. I'll just talk about certain devices which are used to generate electricity. So, no mathematics, almost, except in the very beginning I'll just recall one particular formula. Well, anyway, this is a continuation of the chapter of this course called electromagnetism. Well, the course is called Physics 14, it's presented on Unizor.com. I suggest you to watch basically the whole course from the website, not just one individual lecture, which you might be interested in. And now, this course has a prerequisite, mass routines on the same website. And, well, this lecture is an exception, there is no mass or almost no mass here. But most of the other lectures, which are related to physics, any kind of physical aspects, they do have mass. So, you really have to be proficient in your calculus, your vector algebra and something else. Okay, so, we were talking before about theoretical aspects of electromagnetism. Well, electricity in particular, it's kind of a more, it's a heavier part of electromagnetism, because we're using electricity everywhere in our houses, in our industry, etc. So, today I will talk about a very practical aspect. How do we obtain electricity? How do we generate electricity? Okay, there are certain different ways. Electricity is energy. And to have an energy, we have to take some other energy and convert it. Now, in this particular lecture, I will talk about kinetic energy converted into electric energy, into electricity. The next lectures will be dedicated to some, using some kind of chemical energy or some light energy, etc. But this is about kinetic energy converted into electricity. So, the most important, well, theoretical aspects of converging certain other energies, well, kinetic energy in this particular case, into electricity is, well, the magnetic induction. Well, we all know the formula that electromotive force can be generated in, well, let's say, if you have some kind of a frame and if you have magnetic field, variable magnetic field, in such a way that magnetic flux which is going through this frame is changing, then the changing of magnetic flux, actually the rate of changing of magnetic flux, is basically equal to generated electromotive force in this wire frame. And this is the principle in which all electric generators are built. So, we have to somehow generate variable magnetic field, so magnetic flux will change. The way how we usually achieve it in generators, and we were actually discussing this before, we either rotate the wire frame in the magnetic field or we keep the wire frame stationary and we rotate the magnetic field by rotating basically magnet inside the wire frame. Now, obviously, it's not just one wire frame that many, many different loops and that's how basically electric generator is organized. So, we have to have a rotation. So, that's what's the most important part when we are generating electricity from kinetic energy. Our kinetic energy must be somehow converted into rotation because it's the easier and that's most practical way of generating electricity from the kinetic energy. So, what kind of rotation we have, which we can use to generate electricity? Well, to rotate the rotor inside the electric generator, which will generate electricity. This lecture is about rotation, basically. How can we get rotation? Now, there are certain very simple devices which go back to the time immemorial, which can be used to achieve rotation using something which we already have in our possession in nature. Well, we have the flow of water flowing in a river. Well, that was the first source of energy which people could use to generate a rotation. Well, they were doing something like pumping the water from one place to another using mills, for instance. So, that's one of the things. So, a contemporary way of using the flow of water or the flow of wind, because they are similar in the way how we use these, is a propeller. So, everybody knows what propeller actually is, right? So, it has, this is the axis and it has certain, I don't know, wings or whatever else, which are turned at certain angle. So, if you have the flow of water or flow of wind, as soon as they hit the surface of one particular wing of this propeller, since the wing is at the angle, so what happens is this is the flow of wind or water and this is the way how my plane actually, which goes against this, is positioned at a certain angle. Well, since there is an angle, there will be, well, if you will actually represent the force as a combination of different force because you have a surface, if you have a surface of this wing, then the force goes this way, right? So, it has two different components, the vertical component and the horizontal component. The vertical component actually is a pressure on the axis, on this axis, and the horizontal component will be rotating the propeller. So, this is a very simple thing. The propellers were used, as I'm saying, from the time immemorial and this is the way how we generate rotation from the flow of water or the wind. So, that's in case we already have the water and the wind. Well, it's not always like that and energies need it everywhere. It's not like in every place we have some kind of water which we can use and don't forget that to have this particular thing generated a substantial amount of power, you really have to do something. Well, the Hoover Dam, if you know, is basically cutting off the water flow and it has a dam and the water actually raises. So, now this is the level of water, this is our dam, this is the Hoover Dam and then, as soon as it reaches certain height, then it flows from here down. As it goes down, it's much more pressure than if you're just using the flow of water. Now, this is the falling water. That's where Niagara Falls, for instance, is. The falling water has significantly more kinetic energy by using gravitation, the gravity of the earth. So, the falling water has more kinetic energy than just flowing along the river. And now here we can have this propeller and it's circulating because the flowing water going on the wings of the propeller will turn it around and that's where we get this rotation. With wind also, I mean, yes, it's good if there is a good wind, but it might be or might not be. So, natural, and by the way, this type of hydroelectric station, hydroelectric power plants, well, it has its own drawbacks as well because since we are actually have to do something like put the dam and the river goes up, which means it floods a lot of area around it and it might or might not be a good thing for the nature. We're trying not to disturb the nature as much as possible. This type of hydroelectric station is very intrusive to nature. Well, the wind, the power plants which are built on the wind flow also are kind of intrusive. Well, first of all, they take a lot of space because they are big actually and there are many, many different propellers installed relatively high in the air and there are birds actually which are getting hurt, etc. So, there are negative things and it's not always flowing. The wind is not always flowing. So, okay, so we need something a little bit more, I would say, reliable, but again, there is no ideal thing for every kind of device which we are using to generate electricity. Well, it is intrusive in some way or another against the nature, but we are basically doing whatever we can to try to be good to nature, but at the same time, you know. So, the next thing is, well, we can produce artificial flow of something. That's where the thermal power point go. Now, the thermal power point usually generates steam from water using some kind of a heating mechanism. Now, as soon as you generate the steam from the water, well, the more steam you generate, you can have more power basically, it's very simple. Okay, so what usually is used for the source of the heat is, well, it used to be coal and oil, the natural gas. These are burning basically and they're converting water into a steam and the steam is directed towards the same propeller which we were talking about. In this case, it's not just a propeller, it's called a turbine. Now, a turbine is actually, you have coaxial propellers of different kinds. So, the flow of steam goes this way and it rotates all these propellers, coaxial propellers. Now, why do we need many of them? Well, because as soon as the steam hits one of those things, it basically reflected and it has certain other energy in the reflected flow of steam and it can be used as well. That's why we have different shapes of different propellers so that somehow they're trying to use as much energy, extract as much energy from the flow of steam as possible. And on the website, in the notes for this lecture and every lecture has a notes, I have a couple of pictures. One of them is a picture of a propeller and another is a picture of a turbine which basically contains a lot of different propellers installed on the same axis. So, what other energy source to generate the steam? So, basically, what other heat energy which we can use? I mentioned oil, coal, natural gas, obviously nuclear station. It sounds very scientifically like nuclear station. Well, it does have something to do with nuclear physics. However, the final product of nuclear power station is just heat and it's just heating the water to produce steam and the steam goes against the propellers and against the turbine to basically generate electricity. So, what else? Yes, there is a source like volcano for instance. Volcano is a geothermal source and there are some electric power stations which generate this energy which is inside our planet. Quite frankly, I don't know how it's done. I mean, obviously, it's not against some real volcano, but there is a heat which is generated in any, even the old volcano and that heat somehow might be used to generate the steam, to produce the steam from water. That's basically it about having these rotational movements generated from either natural or artificial flow of some substance at the propeller. So, it's all based on using the propellers in different kind of devices, usually called turbines. Now, in the car engine, we have a different way of generating rotational movement. The car engine is, I'm talking about internal combustion, not about electrical. Electrical cars, they have batteries and they generate basically directly the rotational movement which is a very, very simple thing. The electric cars are extremely simple in their construction. The problem is the batteries, but that's besides the point. We are not talking about this right now. We'll talk about when we'll use the chemical energy as a source of rotation or the source of electricity. But in this case, we're talking about mechanical usage and in the car we have internal combustion engine. So, what is internal combustion engine? Well, basically it's a very simple thing. You have some kind of a camera and you have a piston. So, there is a tool and an air or whatever coming into this spark and then it moves the piston up. So, that's it. Then something, we move it down again and then again we pump in some kind of a gases thing which can be, again, spartal and it will move it up and down. So, basically that's what we have. This is the up and down movement of the piston in the car engine. It's called reciprocal movement. It goes up and down, up and down. And somehow we have to use this up and down movement to create rotation. And this is done using, again, a relatively simple mechanical device. So, the way how it's done is the following. This is my piston which goes up and down. Now, this is called connecting bar and then here we have something which is called crankshaft. So, the crankshaft is something like this. Now, it's not really a hard connection. There is a rotation mechanism here. So, whenever, and this thing also is rotating. So, as this thing is moving up and down, this thing is rotating. And since this is not a hard connection but basically a flexible connection, up and down reciprocal movement of the piston is converted into rotation of this axis. And from this rotation we can go everywhere else. We can go to the wheels to basically make them rotate and we can go to the generator which generates electricity. So, the purpose of this lecture actually, a very simple lecture is just to remind you about this formula that all we need is rotation. If you have a rotation, then using the magnet and the frame, we can have this generator of electricity. And generation of, well, producing a rotational movement of generation. Producing a rotational movement can be done in many different ways. And that's what I was trying to present today. If you already have some movement, some kinetic motion, this kinetic energy which is in this motion can be converted in different ways into rotation. So, we have certain natural motion like rivers or falling water in the waterfalls over the wind. So, we can use the propellers. We can artificially create movement of some substance like steam for instance and use this movement of the steam which we generate using the heat against the turbine to generate rotational movement. Or we can use the reciprocal movement in the internal combustion engine to convert it using this device into rotation. So, these are obviously not all possible ways to convert kinetic energy into electric energy. But it's just one of the major, probably, ones. And that was the subject of this lecture. So, again, this is how we are connecting kinetic energy, which we already have somehow, somehow else, we are obtained kinetic energy. In a natural way or we are artificially created, et cetera. How to convert kinetic energy into electricity using rotation. That's basically it. In the next lectures, we will talk about other ways not related to these purely mechanical devices and electrical generator and this type of basically formula, magnetic induction. So, we will talk about different ways to generate electricity. Now, what do I mean generate electricity? Well, to separate electrons from their hosts, from their atoms where they were located, thereby creating the difference in potential. So, there are different ways to do it. One way is electrical generator, which is basically using the rotation of the magnetic field. And there are other ways, not only related to magnetic induction. Okay, so that would be the subject of the next lectures. And I do suggest you just to read the notes for this lecture. There are some pictures, as I was saying. And I didn't mention it, but the physics of a team is part of this Unisor.com. Unisor.com is an educational website where you can find mass routines and some other courses. The site is completely free and there are no financial strings attached. You don't even have to sign in if you don't want to. But there are some exams on the site. So every lecture has accompanying notes for the lecture. And certain group of lectures usually have exams. So you can go with exam and you can take exam as many times as you want until you will get the perfect score. That's it for today. Thank you very much and good luck.


You will always make it as long as you have your Y together. Everybody do me a favor, if you've got a pen and piece of paper write this down. Set the tone. Set the tone baby. September's here. Set the tone. General managers. Leaders. Sales people. Sales people are leaders. Let's set the tone. Let's set the tone for who we are.  And by the way, listen to me. Everybody right now. I don't care where you're at. Last month's over. I don't care how much money you have or you don't have. I want to tell you this. You will always make it as long as you have your Y together. Why you're here? Why you got in? Why would you train hard? Why would you give it all you got? Everybody be careful of one thing. Please. Guys, I have so much confidence it's insane and we need massive confidence in this business. Would everybody agree? Yes? Yes? You take away confidence we're all dead. But listen to me. I have so much confidence but don't confuse confidence with ego and with cockiness and with like a fixed mindset. Listen to me guys. The only way that you can get your family and yourself and fight for your family and take your company to the next level is by physically spending time working on you getting better. Guys, I'm telling you every man and woman on this call there's somebody inside of them they haven't met yet. They're in freaking teed and I'm going to pull it out. When I made these two decisions that I'm going to share with you guys I'm going to set the tone for September for all of you. I went from being a salesman it's called the great separator. I love separating myself from everybody else. I want to be the best in the world but you don't get there.  One bite at a time. One bite at a time. Some of us you're like dude this guy's saying he sold 70 or 80 cars a month when he sold. How am I going to sell 70 or 80 cars if I'm at 12?  I'm going to show you how to smash everything you've ever wanted and get it fast okay. Hey guys what's up it's Andy do me a favor real quick whatever you're doing stop right now grab a pen grab a piece of paper write down my cell phone number<PHONE_NUMBER><PHONE_NUMBER> whatever you're struggling with whatever you need help with when you go to the next level you're going to go to the next gear you're going to make more money I don't care what it is you need more leads shoot me a text let me know what I can help you with let's get back to the video. So this is the great separator right here some of you are ahead and some of you are behind so I don't care who you are this is for you I want you to think about this if you're the number one person you sold 50 cars last month this is for you if you're number zero on the board you just started you're struggling you're like having the worst day of your life you just lost your best customer you woke up you feel like the sun ain't shining this is for you and I went from making like 8 to 10 grand a month to making 50 60 grand a month as a salesperson because of these two things and I'm going to tell you what changed in my life so this is the goal the goal by the way follow me I was taught it is to be the best every day Andy you got to be the best and dude honestly I wasn't that good I couldn't speak very good I stuttered I didn't believe in myself I looked in the mirror I didn't like who I was I saw a lot of people better than around me so I didn't really align with any of this stuff so this message is for all of you and by the way listen to me I have something inside of me that says I want you to be so good that you make your competition look like amateurs I want you to be undeniably the best but let me explain the goal the goal isn't it isn't to be the best every day it isn't to be better than your competition and I know that you're like Andy what do you mean are you telling our guys that to be better listen to me this is how I changed and grew and it isn't to beat the people around you okay this is the goal this is the great separator right here it's to wake up every day every single day and be better than yourself yesterday that's the goal that's a great separator so before I keep reading I want to ask you a question are you this is between you and you are you getting better every single day because if you are this is the great separator this is when we're looking up and in six months from now some of you you're doing things that no one ever believed you would do and you're so far along and they're gonna say how did you do it and you're not gonna have the story say well I wanted to be the best you're gonna say dude all I did was get better every day and it was consistent and there was a compound effect and this is how winning gets done so I'm gonna tell you from somebody that sucked at selling that didn't have this energy that didn't believe in themselves how I smashed everyone was I played by these roles so for some of you I keep saying be the best be the best be the best and then I thought I thought dang man that really wasn't how I became great I didn't just magically shoot across and become great because I didn't ever see myself being great but I had a good leader that told me the great separator Andy was this so wake up every single day and be better than yourself and he goes listen to me as long as you know that you did that don't lie to yourself man as long as you know you did that he's like eventually you're gonna look up and you're gonna be number one in all those areas because most people can't and won't do it I want you to decide right now are we all gonna make the decision to do this raise your hand if that's you secondly it's how we can make our company a better version of ourself every day every day from the leaders to the people on the ground to the finance guys to the BDC apartment guys listen to me how can we get how can we make our company a better version of our self every day are you a contributor like you're going in and put an energy into the store every day you're finding tons of reasons why everything is right and you love where you're at or you're the person going in with the wrong perspective and like what's in it for me when when when you know what I mean like like you're just you just suck in the life out of everybody right well dude I used to complain to man I didn't like it and I changed and listen to me if you're getting defensive you know what I'm talking about all I want you to do is look in the mirror and say hey listen forget about me forget about all this for a minute think about your immediate family for a minute I wake up when I go into when I wake up in the morning in my house 4 a.m. 5 a.m. and I wake up it's my job as the leader of my home to bring energy to my wife and my children and my kids and make their life a better life that's called the good stuff that's called the good stuff I bring that to them I want you to remember this if you guys practice is at work what do you think is going to happen if you practice complaining at work you're probably going to practice complaining at home if you practice pushing into work you're probably going to go home and practice investing into your children your wife your kids your boyfriend your girlfriend whatever's important to you okay so we're deciding what is the great separator from us all it's this right here how to wake up every single day it'd be better than yesterday it's how that you can make your company a better version and lastly how can we create a better team this week than we had last week okay raise your hand right now if you're not too good to change raise your hand right now if you have the growth mindset and I don't care who's looking at you I know I know you got your buddy next to you right and you know I mean if you don't raise your hand you know you're not raising your hand right here's what I'm gonna tell you in three years from now you guys probably won't be sitting next to each other anymore okay all right you're still gonna have to take care of your family and this company still relying on you listen to me make decisions for yourself what's the great separator how do you get to where you want to go it's by deciding to be a contributor bring it guys every single one of you has more inside of you that you haven't brought to this company more inside of you that you haven't brought to yourself and it's time so this is the goal the goal is it's about how to outdo ourselves every day period so I want you to make one commitment it's for today to do better than you did yesterday and then in tomorrow when tomorrow gets here if God wakes us up we're alive we're gonna do better tomorrow than we did today and we are gonna run this way and guys we will look up at the end of September and you guys what tripled your skill and you didn't chase being the best you didn't chase beating Tommy you didn't chase you know crushing your competition you chase getting better which you guys can all do when everybody agree all we got to do is manage yourself and if we all manage yourself dude what would happen to us as a company it's over lastly I want to share the second part reasons will change your whole life okay this this is why when I talk you guys wonder like dude is he is here on crack why is he so fired up we don't fire it up because I'm fighting for my family I got three kids I got a six-year-old a nine-year-old an 11-year-old at home okay I want to fight for them I grew up with five brothers and sisters in a broke out broke home mom left when I was two they didn't care I'm gonna be a great parent to my kids my kids are gonna watch dad fight and they're gonna watch me fight for my wife I'm not gonna have all those problems I'm gonna be the example I'm gonna set the standard I have reasons I have moral reasons I have reasons inside of myself there was times I didn't like myself I'm gonna prove myself now I want to fight for me fight for my family and write this down don't sell your will to win do not sell don't sell it listen to me a lot of people sell it okay and listen to me they don't have this passion anymore they don't care look dude what's the most important thing to you in your life right now write it down most important if guys it's in participation this is your life whether you write something down that piece of paper or not it doesn't affect my life it affects your life right down right now if you lost one thing in your life one thing what would change everything forever if Preston if you lost your children you would never be the same man again ever ever so what's the reason why would you stay crazy why would you not stop why would you take September and go all in it's because of your why and no one else can make your wide but you this is something inside that has to stir you up my stomach it's turning guys I hired a guy one time listen to me the most successful salesperson I know in my life today was making $200 a week digging ditches digging ditches and he showed up and he was unqualified in every area past drug addict right I'm just giving an example car heart coat hairy face just sweating everywhere seemed like he wasn't going to show up on time we go dude I've been digging ditches all day I've been digging ditches all for years now he goes listen man I want to go home and shave all this off I want to get a haircut I want to go buy a dress shirt I want to come in here and I want to give my kids and my family my wife a new way I wanted I want to make it and you know what I saw this fire in this guy's eyes man like dude they're on fire and I said oh my gosh man the most unqualified guys got the biggest fire in his belly and I gave this guy a chance dude listen to me it took him 90 days to kind of get it right but he was trying as hard as the guy was selling 50 60 cars a month guys I'm telling you right now you have no idea what you're capable of when you find your why well you made it till the end of the video you're a true one percenter I've already got your next training video lined up and ready to go click on it before you do that like the video subscribe makes you set your notifications every single day I drop out free FR EE free training videos for you click on the next video and by the way if you loved it share it with the friend do that for me thank you so much let's kill it


In just a moment you'll hear James Stewart as the six-shooter, just one of the many great stars brought to you Sundays on NBC. Every Sunday here are Hume Cronin and Jessica Tandy in the marriage. Sir Lawrence Olivier on Theatre Royal. Lawrence Tibbet with the golden voices. Helen Hayes, Frederick March, Rex Harrison and Lily Palmer on the NBC Star Playhouse. All of them heard only on NBC. James Stewart as the six-shooter. The man in the saddle is angular and long-legged. His skin is sun-died brown. The gun in his holster is gray steel and rainbow mother of pearl. Its handle unmarked. People call them both the six-shooter. Coleman, America's leader in modern automatic home heating equipment and the national broadcasting company presents James Stewart as the six-shooter. A transcribed series of dramas based on the life of Britt Ponce, the Texas Plainsman who wandered through the western territories leaving behind a trail of still-remembered legends. Now in just a moment, immediately following this important announcement, you'll hear act one of the six-shooter. Have you heard about the Joneses? They're going to Europe for six weeks. They'll start in England, then visit Holland, Belgium, France and Italy. It'll be a wonderful trip. A lifelong dream come true. And someday it can be your turn to do just as they did. Put your money where it will earn four dollars for every three dollars you invest. In United States savings bonds, start planning today. United States savings bonds can take you to Europe too. Now act one of the six-shooter starring James Stewart. There were over 400 heads in the Macadamacard. 400 white-faced Texas cattle along the trail of us to shove them along the trail to Abilene. But the Macadamas boys had promised me a tent to whatever the herd brought so I signed on for the drive. And it looked like I was going to earn the money soon. There's been a cloud burst the second night out. It seemed like we might be heading into some more bad weather.  Thunder made the steers restless. They still remember that first storm that didn't like the idea of going through another one. Alright, come on! I can see the rain now. It hadn't hit us yet. Still a couple of miles ahead. I can see it real plain, streaking down across the sky like little silver lines on a great blackboard. In the canyon where we were, the sun was still shining. It gave me a sort of funny feeling. Rain and sunshine all going, sort of like being in two places at the same time. Like Macadams, he came pounding up from behind and rained up alongside of me a star. What do you think, Britt? Well, if that wind don't change, we'll be getting wet inside of 15 miles. Don't look like it'll change. No, I pray not. And I guess we might as well keep on going. It'll be easier to handle if we're out of this canyon when the storm hits. Yeah. Alright, up until normal. Okay. Hey! Yeah? Get the light out. Keep moving. Do as I tell you to stop people. Okay, okay. Speed him up, Britt. I'm going back and see if there ain't no stragglers. Want me to give him a hand? No, no, I can handle it myself. It's about time he learned how. Alright, you're the boss. Yeah. Just keep an eye on him, Britt. Sure, sure. That lightning had hit a pine tree about 50 yards up the side of the canyon. And when it toppled over, it started a couple of boulders rolling down the side of the ravine towards. With all the cattle needed to set him off. One of the longhorns took a look at the rock and let out a ball that told the other animals to get out of his way. Hey! Stop him, Norm! Stop him! What are they saying? The light circled around and galloped over toward his brother. But Norm wasn't waiting for him. No, no. I saw him head up the slope of the canyon and it looked to me like he didn't intend to stop anything. All he cared about was getting out of the way. So I dug my heels in the star's planks. We rode right into the middle of the herd. I could sweat them in half, only part of them would tear loose even on a stampede. The light was in front of the herd now. Ah, the lead steer turned off. A couple of more shots of them following me. There we are. I knew there wasn't going to be any stampede. Not now, anyway. Rife had stopped him just in time. Ah, it's nice going, Rife. Somebody had to do it. Yeah. But it almost drew me. Yeah. Guess you were scared. The horse? That's what I said. Yeah. Well, here comes the rain. Ah, it looks like there's a tail end on it, though. Probably wouldn't want to shower. We'd better keep moving anyhow. You take over up here, Britt. Normal riding back with me. Sure.  I guess so. Okay, let's go. The rain let up. There's nearly sun down. Green, yellow rain will arch up over the hills of the east. Rife decides to make camp for the night. Neither of the McCatons' brothers said much during supper, and afterwards Norm sort of moved off a couple of yards from the campfire and started playing with my horse. But you're staring at it, right? Huh? You heard me. I don't know what you mean. You've been watching me ever since this afternoon when my horse boated. You've been looking at me the way you used to look when I was a kid and done something you thought was wrong. We almost had a stampede today, Norm. Almost? You was riding front, man. You was the one to stop it. I suppose you've never been on a horse that ran away with you. You was always able to handle that palamina before her. Why do you have to keep nagging? I'm no cattle man. I didn't want to come on this drive on the first place. It's our herd. It's your herd. It was up to me when it sold the ranch years ago. Man, maybe you're right. Maybe we ought to sell out. And he'll talk about it when we get back home. Hold up a minute. Thought it was my turn to look after cattle tonight. It's been a pretty hard day. You're probably tired. I'll wait for you. I'm no more tired than you are. Okay, Norm. I'm going that hill over here. Well, you're not serious, right? About selling out, are you? There's something in what Norm says. He's no cattle man. Well, maybe not, but you are. I can always get work somewhere. Carrie would probably be happier in town anyway. Carrie? My wife? Oh, I didn't know you were married, right? Yeah, last winter. She's staying with her folks in Bradley where we take the cattle north. Is that so? Carrie's a fine girl, Britt. Younger than I am, but Norm's age. Young and pretty.  Yeah, even Norm.  She told me not to take him with us on this drive. Said he'd never make it. I should listen to her. He's pretty young, right? This is his first cattle drive. For all we know, his horse maybe did run away with him, you know? Norm did the running of his horse. He's no good, Britt. I guess it's my fault. I guess I brought him up wrong, but he's no good. You're not his father. You're not to blame for how he turned out. I'm the only father he ever had. Our old man died when Norm was just a baby in mind. Just lasted a couple of years after that. Oh, I'm sorry. I was 13. Practically full brood when she passed on, but Norm was only four. She made me promise I'd look after him. See, he got his school and the chance to mount to something. Yeah. Fire's almost done. Oh, here I'll fix it. I sent him to school, bought him books, but he wouldn't stick it out. It was too much like work. That's his real trouble, Britt. He's lazy. He's selfish. Expects everything to be handed to him all the time up in a fancy ribbon. Like this afternoon, he wasn't afraid of the cattle. He just couldn't be bothered stopping them. He didn't care that much. Oh, maybe he's had it too easy, right? Maybe if the chips are down, he'd surprise you. Maybe. Well, I'm not making the same mistake again. Not with my own kid. With your own, what? Yeah. Carrie's expecting. He might be here by now, for all I know. Wow. Well, congratulations. Thank you. I'll buy you a cigar and have one. Yeah. All right. Oh, well, that's fine. Well, I guess maybe it's time to turn in, I think. I ain't very sleepy. I think I'll go up and, well, see if Norm's all right. Oh, dog on it. Britt, he is my kid brother. Sure. I know, right? Good. Good night. Good night. I've banked the fire for the night and spread out my bedroll. The moon came up, full moon. Kind of a moonwalk I had after rain. Now I've stretched out slack, except for a couple of rocks right in the small one. Well, I've thought about as comfortable as a man has right to feel. Right? No, it's me. Oh. I thought you were looking out for the herd. Pryph come nosing around if you don't trust me. So if he wants to stay up all night, that's his business. Oh, well, I'm sorry. And we got nothing but heroes on this drive. All right. How do you figure that? Well, you're the six-shooter, ain't you? Supposed to be the fastest man with a gun west of Kansas City. East of there, too. Isn't the way folks tell it. No, you shouldn't believe everything you hear, Norm. I don't. I don't believe you're any faster with a gun than the next man. Probably not. I don't believe you're any faster than me. See that white rock over there? Well. Mm. Oh, good. Go ahead. George, huh? Well, I'm afraid I'm sort of out of practice of shooting at rocks. I used to do it, but I haven't tried it recently. What do you mean by that? I'm still a kid. I didn't mean anything.  A good night. Maybe you think it was an accident. I hit it. I hit it. I can do it again. Hey. See that? Oh. Good night. Oh. I had the cold all night. It didn't keep me from sleeping.  A couple of seconds, I couldn't quite decide whether to open my eyes or not, but the smell of coffee made me make up my mind. Oh. Morning. Morning. Want some jelly? Ah, thanks. Thanks. Where's Norm? Taking a bath. Taking a bath? Yeah. Found a water hole on the other side of the hill. Oh. He'll be back any minute. Trust Norm to keep himself duded up. Wouldn't surprise me if he showed up wearing a clean shirt. Yeah. Well, you can't blame the fella for it. Yeah, look. What's this? Hmm? Oh. That looks like a letter. Oh. Oh, here. It's yours. Man? Well, it says love, Carrie. Isn't that your wife's name? Yeah. Yeah, over here. Read it to me, Britt. What? That's loud. Read me what it says. Well, I... I'm not interested in somebody else's mail. I find I especially love letters. Is that what it is? Well, you ought to know it. You are, isn't it? No. No, Britt, it ain't. Carrie ain't never read me. She knows I can't read.  Yeah, yeah, I remember. Read me what it says. Come on, Britt. Read it. We'll return to James Stewart as the six-shooter in a moment. First, a word from Coleman, America's leader in modern automatic home heating equipment. You'll be glad this winter you bought a Coleman heater this fall.  You'll enjoy floor-to-ceiling warmth in those rooms you could never heat before. Get your Coleman oil or gas heater now during Coleman's big bonus sale. Here's what you get. First bonus, a new low price. Yes, now you can get a dependable Coleman automatic heater at a new low price. Second bonus, a new low operating cost. Coleman saves you up to 25% on heating bills because Coleman gives you maximum heat from your fuel. Third bonus, a 32-piece set of Libby's Safe Edge glassware worth $14. It's free with your new Coleman heater. Get free big bonuses. Get your Coleman oil or gas heater now during Coleman's big bonus sale. This sale is for limited time only. So, see your Coleman dealer tomorrow. You'll find his name and address in your telephone directory. Now, act two of the six-shooter, starring James Stewart as Britt Ponsett. The sun was warm in the back of my neck as I stood there facing the light, holding that piece of loudened paper in my hand. I looked down at the letter and I'm not that right again. He was just standing there, waiting, not moving, but any part of him moving except the vein in his throat that jumped out a little throbs. I am waiting, Britt. Now, it's not my letter, Rife, and I guess it isn't yours. It concerns me, don't it? It's from Kerry. It's from my wife. Well, that's between you and her. I want to know what it says, what she's been writing to Norm about. Go ahead, Britt. Read it to her. Oh, maybe you'd rather... I told you what it says, Rife. It says, Kerry loves me. That she'll always love me, and it goes in a detail.  In we are, Rife. You think that gun will stop me? I'll break your neck and throw it right into it, right? Now, put it away, Norm. You wanted a sample of my shooting last night. You put that gun away and you'll get it. Now, where am I supposed to take you both on? This isn't my argument. It'll take three of us to get that herd to Abel. Please. I just want to be sure there'll be three of us to do it. But there ain't gonna be three, Britt. Yeah! And you've taken everything from me. You've taken everything, but there's nothing. I meant what I said about finishing that drive. Two men may not make it, and I'm gonna be sure I'm not gonna lose that money you promised me. Now, come on. Straighten up here. Yeah. It doesn't matter with you. Man... Are you both able to ride now? Yeah. Yeah. All right. Norm, what about you? Sure. All right. Now, come on. Let's get started.  We saddled up and got the herd on the way. Norm moved out to the front, and I stayed in the middle. The right brought out the rear. I figured it'd be just as well if I stayed between them. I looked back a couple of times, and whenever I did, I saw a right staring at Norm, watching every move we made. But he didn't say a word. All day long, he didn't say a word. Man, at supper time, all right, he sat off one side, just pecking at his food. I noticed there's nothing wrong with Norm's appetite, though. Any more beans?  And you're kind of hungry tonight, huh? Why not? Just the kids still doing my growing. At least that's what some people think. Uh-huh. Well, as long as you're so full of energy, maybe you wouldn't mind looking after the cattle, huh? Well, you missed your turn last night, didn't you? Say, you taking over this outfit, Ponson? No, no, no, no. Just a suggestion. I guess somebody's got to run things. It'll look like my brother's holding a very tight reign. See you in the morning. Yeah, yeah. I'm on the ride. How about some shut-eye? Okay. Good night. Good night. I waited for the ride to drop off when I closed my eyes. I didn't sleep very long, though. But an hour later, something woke me up. At first I thought it was a coyote. Then I saw a rife edging off through the brush. You going somewhere rough? A coyote woke you up, too, huh? Yeah.  What do you mean? It's empty, rife. You ain't got no right to interfere. I'm just thinking about that 10% of the hurry.  You can't stop me. Nobody can. He's your brother. Oh, no, he ain't got any more. But a brother did what he did to me. I ain't never had anything I could really call my own. If he wanted something, he took it. I never stopped him. But Carrie is my wife. She belongs to me, and this time I'm gonna stop him. You'd better wait and talk it over with her. I waited too long already. Why do you think she didn't want Norm to go with us on his drive? It wasn't because she was afraid he'd never make it. She wanted him there with her. That's not like this, Mrs. Easy, easy now, right? Probably want to take over the baby, too. That comes along. No, no, come on now. You've got to get some sleep now. You'll feel better in the morning. Come on now. I won't feel better in the morning, Britt. I won't feel no better until... until I'm even with him. I guess none of the three of us got much sleep that night.  I decided to keep my eye on the wife. She was still right behind me. But the sun was getting hot, and I was kind of drowsy, you saw. I just jogged along for the next few miles, not paying much attention to anything or anybody. If Scar hadn't given me a jog, I'm easy boy, easy, easy now. I wouldn't have looked around, and I wouldn't have seen that we were coming into a gorge. It was right now, barely wide enough for the herd, and the rock walls jotted up at a sharp angle, too steep for a horse to climb. But the time I got my bearings, it was too late. This was just the kind of a place wife was looking for. I couldn't see him now, but I knew he was doing the firing, and I knew why. He was trying to stampede the cattle. And there in the gorge, Norm wouldn't be able to get out of the way. There was no chance of getting back to stop life. So I could do this jam right into the middle of the herd. Come on boy, come on, come on, come on. Scar got his way past a couple of steers. I tried to keep them under control, but the ones from the rear started pressing forward. Ernest, there just wasn't no holding the rest up. And he was right in the cow, real stampede. This was wife's way of killing his brother, and I wasn't sure I was going to pair on a butter and norm. A couple of the cows shoved against us, Scar was pretty certain to lose his footing before we could get much further, and I jerked out my gun, I cleared us a little path, but the cattle plugged up before we get through. All of my shoes were just making things worse. There was nothing to do now, but just give Scar a headlet and let him run with it. I didn't have time to worry about norm. I didn't know what had happened to him. I didn't even think about him until I... Hey, that wasn't life firing. That wasn't life firing. That was from up ahead. Well, the bird was half-crazy now. If it shot out from all directions, they didn't know where to turn now. I rose up to my stirrups and looked forward. Norm... Norm was holding his ground at the mouth of the gorge. He could have gotten away, all right, but he... He was holding his ground. I hadn't lifted myself up. Maybe I would have been able to hang on when the cattle twisted around and started to change in direction as it was. Oh! I was holding my ground. I sat out behind a rock. I was the only thing to save my neck. I rolled under him. The minute I was in the clear, the cattle passed me by. I pulled myself up. I looked at my feet and I looked around. The herd was still out of control, charging out the other end of the gorge. And then I... Then I got a flasher right. Norm... Norm Munchen must have heard a clue. Right! The pound had passed me, firing at all of them. I heard it moved on almost out of sight now before I saw a rife again. He was lying on the ground in a smear of sticky red dust. And Norm was there bending over when I got up to him. You... You all right, Rife? I started him, Norm. I figured we'd try to get out of the way, but he didn't run. You stopped him. He stopped him, didn't he, Brith? Yeah, yeah. I didn't mean for him to turn on you, Rife. I swear I didn't. I know that. I know that. I... I saw you trying to get through to me. Why did you want to help me, Norm?  Why did you want to help me? You're my brother. You're all I've got, all I've ever had. You hear that, Brith? You don't hate me. Rife, listen. About Carrie. About that letter. It's all right, Norm. I don't blame you. I don't blame Carrie. But she loves you, Rife. That letter was written a long time ago. Before you and her were married, before she even knew you. A long, long time ago. Yeah, I've cared it with him ever since. I wasn't in love with her, but she wasn't in love with me, not ever.  I only kept the letters so I could show it to you when you got to writing me the way you did yesterday. You're telling the truth. You know I am, don't you? Yeah. Yeah, I guess I do. I guess I've known it all along. When Carrie told me about us having a baby, I was so happy and proud it almost spilled over. I guess the man couldn't feel that way if he wasn't sure of his wife. Take it easy, Rife. Don't try to talk into much. What's the matter with you, Britt? You think them cattle finished? No, no, of course not. You said it would take all three of us to get to Abilene. That's the way it's going to be. All three of us? Sure. You and Norm and me. It may be a while before I can get on my legs, but you just give me a couple of hours rest while you run up the herd. A couple of hours and I'll be around till... Rife, he's dead, Norm. But he was feeling better. He hurt him. Well, a man don't always know when he's dying, Norm. Sometimes man's lucky. I... Britt... Britt, I... It's only... Only kids cry, ain't it? I guess... It makes me a kid. Oh, I wouldn't say that, Norm. I'd say you've done a lot of growing up today. We buried Rife there at the mouth of the gorge and went off to round up the cattle again. We managed to find most of them, and about a week later we hit Abilene. All during that week I kept wanting to ask Norm about that letter from Carrie if it was true what he told Rife, if it really had been written a couple of years ago. But somehow I... I don't know, the subject never came up. At least because I never found a good time for bringing it up. Decided really it wasn't any of my business. Beginning tomorrow night, Fibre McGee and Molly return to the air in a new series of programs. Yes, beginning tomorrow night you'll hear those wonderful folks from 79 Wistful Vista, Fibre McGee and Molly every night Monday through Friday on NBC. As a matter of fact, this is the week we'll meet new programs beginning on the NBC Radio Network. And you'll find that an evening with NBC Radio is an evening sure to entertain. So make a date to keep your dial set where you hear the familiar NBC chimes. Your invitation to the best in radio programming. Coleman, America's leader in modern, automatic home heating equipment and the national broadcasting company have presented James Stewart as the six-shooter. Mr. Stewart may currently be seen in the Universal International Picture Thunder Bay. Others in the cast were Lou Merrill and James McEllion. The six-shooter is an NBC Radio Network production in association with Review Productions and is based on a character created by Frank Burke and today's transcribe story was written by him. Special music was by Basil Adlam and the entire production is under the direction of Jack Johnstone. All characters and incidents were fictitious and any resemblance to actual characters or incidents is purely coincidental. This is Hal Gibney speaking. Listen to Last Man Out, one of the Magic 28, next on the NBC Radio Network.