r Tom C. Appreciate you as always, Tom. How many boxes? 10 boxes? No, wait, wait. You were? It's fewer. It's a Bowman's Best Baseball, a Logo Fractor, Donor's Choice Basketball from this year. Prison Premier League hobby. Three Leaf History Book Sports. An Absolute Football and a Cosmic Chrome from 2022. Appreciate you, Tom. Good luck, man. This is a phone one. It always is, though, with you, buddy. We'll start with Logo and Bowman's Best. Is it a Kunya? Tom, just shoot, lane an email or shoot us an email if you want to use that towards the buyback. We still have it going on for breaks, at least as of this recording. A Volpe and a Carroll. Come on, Logo Packs. Let's go. Kraya, Purple, Yellet, set up 250. Donor Henderson Future Stars and Josh Young. That is a Lengeliers. Eggy Rosario. Number to 199. Max Meyer. Cal Mitchell and Goulshard. Oh, not the best Logo Fractor box, but decent. And the Kunya in there. Numbering cards as well. All right. Bowman's Best. Shellac de Valvarez. Refractor Altman. Refractor Tattis. Old Lava. Ethan Salas. That's very nice. Good start on the color here. Salas is 75. 50 of 75. Auto Dalton Rushing. And a Beatty Rookie Refractor. Kunya Refractor. Wave of Boba Shet. Refractor Rookie Tristan Casas. There we go. Michael Harris. Rookie Shellac Dotto out of 250. Very, very nice hit. 212 of 250. And a Morel Rookie Refractor. Are you Dalton Rushing or are you dragging? Come on, Jumbo. Is this where you're doing it 2 AM? Max Clark. Boba Shet. Refractor Autograph. Michael Arroyo. De La Santos Refractor. Bass Auto over the Blue Jays. Josh Kasevich. Refractor Las Romantes. Real to Real. Michael Harris II. Mini Diamond. Purple Soto.  Fractor of Skeens. Cosmic after this one. Real to Real. Spencer Jones. Refractor the Paula. 22 Cosmic. Dude, let's see an absolute monster here. Let's see a Wit or a J-Rod Rookie Auto. Refractor Joi Votto. Blue coming up is Max Kepler. It's number 99, right? Yep. Max Kepler out of 99. Kunia Launched into Orbit. Come on, Cosmic. Come on, Cosmic. Nucleus of Dallas Keichel. Let's see a monster lurking in this. Come on, Nucleus of Elohimenez. Two White Sox Nucleus. Nuclei. Refractor of Ben and Tendi. Gold Rookie Wanderfranko. 46 to 50. Alvruha and Merrifield. Orange Lance McCullers. Number to 25. That'll do for Cosmic. Hope for a different Gold Rookie there for sure. Let's keep it going, Tom. Show goes on here. Prism. Prism Premier League. Let's get Tom a Milo's Care Cast so I can make an offer on it. Good luck, Tom. 23-24. Prism Premier League. Before I start this, let me grab my water bottle and get some water. Late night. I got to stay hydrated. Purple Yokey Anderson. Rhys James. Hyper is going to be Joel Ward. David Beckham Autograph. Well, we know that guy's great, Tom. There you go. David Beckham. Congrats, Tom. That's a great auto in this. A couple of years ago, the autos were dropped. They made them better last year, and then it seems like this year they're pretty good too. But a couple of years ago, they were very tough to pull, you know, noteworthy autos. Silver Keen Lewis Potter. I don't even know what that means, Jumbo. Decker Flag. Solanke. There we go. Bournemouth. Go Cherries. Nice. Solanke. Red McAtee to 199. Silver Ryan Giles. Lootin' Rookie. That'd be a good idea, Jumbo. That'd be a good idea. Mojo is Noni Madueke. Another Mojo Harvey Elliott. And a Blue is Pablo Fornals. Number to 299. Orange Hyper Rookie is Tyler Onyango. Ooh, is that a snakeskin? It is a snakeskin Rookie of Vannel Ahmed Odzic. Ahmed Odzic. Very nice short print snakeskin there. Blue is Voron out of 299. Silver Jacob Brown. Mojo Rookie Lewis Dobbin. Sean Longstaff Laser. Number to 92 of Atelier Michelinco. 92 of 92 Michelinco. Silver is Conate. Plyatoscopic of Antony. Crack Dice Elliott Anderson. Blue Parasitch out of 299. Pretty good box of print. Get the Beckham. Beckham great. All right, moving on to Absolute. Mojo, Tyree Wilson Rookie out of 275. Rookie Miles Murphy, Otto. Number to 199. Patch Card of 99 is going to be Nick Bosa. And introductions out of 100. Ready, May it looks like Chase Brown. Christian Watson, number to 50. That is an Otto Ryan Tannehill. And Jersey to 199, Douze Vaughn. Come on, Kaboom. Something big here. Bryce Young, Rookie, number to 100. Okay, all right. That'll work. Bryce Young, 3 of 100. Triple Relic Rookie autograph to 399. Luke Schoonmaker making them skewns. And Dual Patch Card, Derek Carr, Alvin Camara to 99. All right, Donner's Choice, 23-24. Donner's Choice. All right, here we go. Choice Rated Rookie, Zondre Jackson Jr. Julian Strother, Imani Bates, Chiantay Johnson. And Bilal Kulabali. Some numbered cards here. You've got Red Bogdanovich out of 99. Red Porzingis out of 99. And Blue Nixmith Jr. Rated Rookie, number 249. Let's go on there. Rated Rookie Otto, Olivier Maxine Prosper. And as well as Tobelis. Not the best, not the best choice box there, man. Not the best choice box there, man. All right, about that, Tom. Let's make up for a big time here with the storybook. Or history book, history book. Storybook is a set within this set. Here we go. Three of these. Let's see how crazy it is here. Souvenir book, Peyton Manning. One of three, Six-Way Jersey Otto. That's a great start. It's a young Peyton in that picture right there. Peyton Manning, Six-Way Jersey Otto, one of three. What is this? It says Book of Legends. Dude, wow. Wow, eight of 24 Book of Legends. John McEnroe, Pele, Willie Mays, Walter Peyton, Nolan Ryan, Julia Serving, Rafael Nadal, Diego Maradona, Kobe Bryant, Mike Trout, Joe Namath, and Bruce Lee. Yeah, man, that's really freaking cool. That is really cool. All game used. The Bruce Lee, I'm not sure what Bruce Lee would be. That is awesome, man. Great names there. RIP to many legends on that card. Great. Let's see what the second history book has. Oh, nice. James Harden Souvenir book, Six-Way Jersey Autograph. That's number nine of 10. The beard. I'd say this is going pretty well, Tom. Look at that laundry tag. The tag piece there. The beard, nine of 10. Double book. Nice, dual relic autograph. Cal Ripken Jr. and Don Mattingly. Number to 25. Cal and Don. It was like, oh, they left their blank. The Mike Trout Six-Way Jersey book. That is just some nothing. Mike Trout Six-Way Jersey book, number to 25. He's a top exclusive autograph. Just something cool here, man. Come on. Business called Book Club. Oh! Laker legends. Jerry West, Gail Goodman. Jerry West, Gail Goodrich, Adrian Dantley, Bob McAdoo, Magic Johnson, Shaquille O'Neal, James Worthy, and Jamal Wilkes. Number to three of 10 on the Octo Signature book here. That is so nasty, man. Some true all-time greats right here. And Laker greats. Go, Tom. Good way to close it out there. We appreciate you as always. We will have these cards here for you. All right, guys, one more here. Everybody forced here. Repping a couple boxes for Kevin A. Kevin's got a 2021 Don Russ basketball team all and a 21-22 Don Russ optic basketball hobby hybrid. Good luck, Kevin. Appreciate the order. Let's get to it. Oh, that's the hoops. That's the wrong box. Let me write back. NASA take hard as a clear card. Hey, me too, Rashid. Me too. I'm excited. Sketch. Sketch. Let's go, Justin. What do we have? It is Kylo Ren on the sketch. That is sick looking, man. The super. It's a one of one super fracture. No freaking way, Scott. There's no way you just did that. There is no unbelievable, dude. Unbelievable, dude. Unreal, unreal, dude. What did you just do? Just went like that and it was a super, man. No way.  Unbelievable. Unbelievable, dude. Unbelievable. All right, let's see it. Who is it? Addy Galeon. Nice one there. Angelique Perrin. What a one super fracture. Come on, Scott. Hey, man. It'll be random to everybody. What is that gold stripe? There's a refractor. Let's check this sketch first. Oh, hey, Donny. Thanks. Later sketch. Oh, my God. Really? Yeah. Sketchy. Pretty cool one. It's like an animated Vader almost. It's sick. Artist signature. All sketches are one of one. Hard signed by the artist. Extractor. One of 10, Leia Organa in her bush disguise. Elle with a monster. Leia Organa in her bush disguise goes to Elle. It's one of 10. Extractor. Huge. That's a purple. That's going to be to 10. Luke. All right, we're good. Everybody forced here. Got a couple of boxes for Kevin A. Kevin's got 2021 Donner's basketball team all and a 21-22 Donner's optic hobby hybrid here. Let's go, Kevin. Let's see what we got, man. Red, yellow, Josh Hart. Donovan Mitchell. Rookies of Precious Atua, Cole Anthony. Red, yellow, James Harden. Eyes of Week A, Reddy Rookie. Killian Hayes and Patrick Williams. Jordan Diwara. Nice and auto. Greater Rookie Auto Blue. Got light blue laser almost. Good stuff. I do not think autos are guaranteed in this. Nora Pacer, now I believe. Yeah, light blue laser. Yeah, these are not guaranteed. Just says look for it. That's pretty sick. Tough pole there. Bertan's running Kerry. Tillman and Bane. Got Yocach Red and Yellow. A Wesley Matthews. Light blue laser. L.B. and Nico Manion. All right, Optic Hobby Hybrid. Red, Pulsar, Reddy Rookie, Jared Butler. And a blue Pulsar, Seth Curry. Seth Curry. Those red and blues are not never. They're a little short printed though. Let the not never parallel on this. This is Franz Wagner Optic. Rated Rookie. Miles Turner. And LeBron and Zion. Paulo Reder Rookie, James Book Knight. Red, Luca Doncic. All Stars, Magic and Bird. Kate Cunningham, Bass Rated Rookie. Hollow, Clint Capella. Red, Roya Hachimora. And a red, Donovan Mitchell. That'll do it for the ripped air cabin. Appreciate it. These cards out to you. All right, y'all, that does it for me tonight. Thanks for hanging out all night, filling up some breaks. Pulled a lot of heat in group breaks especially. Y'all take care. Sam and Kyle will be here at Five Eastern tomorrow. Release Day Wednesday starts at 10 Eastern on Thonatics Live with Jeff and Lane. And then I'll be here with Joe at 11 for Prism. Have a good night, everybody. Bye, Jumbo.


n and all that. Okay, that was nice. That was a nice setup. But then that one is like, hold up. What like, what why? That's why I was so for sure that they was gonna pass. But he said if tour wasn't tour this game would be even closer. Hey, man. No, I didn't think it was bad to go for it there. Because you want to try to put it away. But I just thought there's just a play call. It was just a really bad play call in that situation. Hopefully it does not bite the Ravens in the butt. So we'll see. We'll see. JT should have come out. Where they at? What? What? What? What? What are they on? They on what they on the dolphins? What 40? What they on? I hope not the money. Pass the ball. I agree. He said, what is bro doing? Miami 41. Okay. So that would have been a 59 y'all field goal. I can see what he went for.  But no, I see why they went for it. But I just ain't like, if they would have did a throwing play or something, and it's incomplete. Okay, cool. They tried that, but I just, I don't like when stuff just seems so obvious. It's like, again, the situation. Here we go. Let's see. Got to ask Ravens defense to close it out. And it's nine minutes. It's a lot of time left. Got to ask Ravens defense to close it out, man. Now, Kyle Hamilton's so tall, man. When he on the field, you just see him, man. Got to ask the defense to close it out, man. Oh boy. Got to ask him to close it out, man. So this game is closed, man. It's still closed. Appreciate that Marquise. Crazy. We can't rely on our running back to get one yard. Oh yeah. I guess I just realized that I guess the Ravens, the dolphins, they've been done with Mike Davis, but the Ravens, they like done with Mike Davis too. They like, ah, nah, we ain't doing that. But dolphins, they've been shutting him down from jump. Is that, that's Waddle or Tyree? Oh, that's Tyree. Okay, that's Tyree. I look at Nelson Aguilore. Six catches for 110 yards. Tyree only got seven for 52. Yeah, that's Jaylen Waddle taking all the yards, man. He taking all the yards. That's crazy, man. Come on, y'all. Somebody, who gonna make that play, man? Because somebody got to. Oh, there we go. That's a good start. Second and 10. It's a good start. Pepper ain't afraid to hit somebody, man. He ain't afraid to hit somebody, man. Come on, man. Eight minutes left. Fourteen point game. Defense complete. Oh yeah. Whoever number 11 is, I want to say Wilson, but whoever he is, he hurting. He hurting after that play. You can see it in his face. He was hurting. All right, come on, defense. Who was gonna be, I mean, I would love for it to be Marcus Peters, but somebody got to make the play, man. Oh, that could have been the one, man. That could have been the one, man. Oh gosh, that could have been the one, man. That could have been the one, man. That could have been the one, man. That could have been the one. I remember Madden, what happens after a drop pick every time. I hope it doesn't happen now. Here we go. Of course, never fails. Never fails. Madden is real life, man. Never fails. Never, ever, ever fails. I used to say this a long time ago with Madden. After a drop pick, it's always a touchdown. Never fails. Never fails. Never fails. Peters ain't even look back for it. He ain't even look back for it. What was that? He ain't even look back for it. Now they back. One score game now. Now they back now. Hey, here we go. Here we go. All game, they ain't been giving up the deep stuff, but boom, they end up giving it up. All right, here we go, man. Yeah, it is crazy. Said it was going to be a struggle. Yeah, I mean, this is how I expected it to be, close and stressful, just like this. I would have gladly taken being wrong though, but they got to finish it out. It's a lot of time left, too. It's so much time left, man. It's so much time left. That boy Tyreek Hill, man. He is that dude. He wanted them guys, man. He wanted them guys that's like that, man. He wanted them guys that's like that, man. One of the best in the league. He's like that. He could literally play him anywhere. Receiver, he put him at running back, kick punt return, all that, man. He liked that, man. Then they, they, they, they've been struggling with Jaylen Waterall game and then Tyreek Hill go do that. Hmm. It's tough, tough business. All right. They know what they got to do though. They know what they got to do. That's not all on G-Row. Some of it is, but that's that low. I mean, do we not have a defensive coordinator? G-Row ain't calling the defense. He ain't calling the defense. So, I mean, that, that ain't all on G-Row, my friend. All right, let's see. Let's see the response, man. Let's see the response. Oh, oh, passing interference. That's going to be passing interference because likely it was on the ground. That's either going to be passing interference or defensive holding one of the two. So, let's see. Either holding a PI, you know, it's one of the two. Okay, holding. All right, first down. Yeah, cool. Kater, Kahoo, Kahoo. Can they show the replay of what happened? I would like to see it. Okay.  Okay, that's fine. Oh, I didn't even realize they, oh, there goes the replay. I didn't realize they do the move, them chains, the little thing for penalties too. Oh, okay. It wasn't on 28. It must have been on somebody else because he wasn't holding likely. He wasn't holding likely. So, it had to be on somebody else. All right, here we go. Okay. All right, Tosta. Oh, justice, he'll scare me because it looked like he was by the fumble. Oh, he scared me. He, oh, he scared me. He scared me because it looked like he was fumbling that ball. That was scary. It looked like he was fumbling the ball and then he stopped and went and tried to regain his balance and turn and cut up me. It just, it looked scary, man. All right. Here we go. Hey, look at that receiver. Who's that doing? I don't know who that is. All right, second and 12. All right, Lamar snapped it in the shotgun. He looking. Oh gosh. Man, Xavier Howard, he trying to get his nails, man. That's Xavier Howard right there. He heard all the talk. Michelle Bateman been getting him in this game. He, oh boy, he almost tied the game up. He almost tied the game up. Oh, oh, hey, that's a drop pick though. Remember what happened after the last drop pick? Let's return a favor. And what happened after the last drop pick, man? Come on now. And what happened after the last drop pick? They backing them up. Let's go. Come on. Oh, it's going to be holding. Oh, is that likely? It's going to be holding, but they going to decline it since it was dropped. It's going to be holding. It's going to be offensive holding. They're going to say somebody, somebody end up getting tackled. Come on. What's the, what's the flag? Oh, man, if that could have only been complete, no foul on the play. Wow. Oh, okay. I just miss timed it a little bit. Here we go. Okay. At the 35. Let's go defense. Let's see. Here we go. He said, McDonald earn your money here. Not the Baltimore Falcons. No, we don't need none of that. Okay. So Cleveland, they just close it out. So they, yeah, yeah, they close it out. So they get ready to go to two and O. We need to just do the same thing, man. We got it. Come on, Ravens. Just come on there. They starting from the 36 yard line. Come on there. Look at all them yards. 416 yards, 415 yards, even. Dolphins had to ball 10 more minutes because they got a little less big plays, but hey, okay. Okay. Okay. There you go. Two yard game. Good stuff. All right, Broderick Washington. Good job, man. All right. Come on, man. Come on now, man. Second and eight. Come on defense. They go, okay, why the land heel on the field? He's trucking them with both of them. Come on, man. Somebody just, where the pass rush go? We were having the pass rush early and whatnot, but oh, good tackle. Great tackle, Chuck Clark. Oh, that's some angry Chuck Clark tackles. Yeah, he heated me. Come on, y'all. This is such a big third down, man. This is such a big third down. Please. Please, man. Please. Just get to stop, man.  Come on. Come on, y'all. Come on. Who's it gonna be, man? 36. Marcus Peters look like he don't know what's going on. He's just coming back on the field. The Ravens have too many people on the field. I hope not. Okay. Here we go. What is that? And they're back just like that. What was that? What was that? Who threw for five touchdowns today? Really? I didn't even realize that. He threw five. Two to Tyreek. One to Mike Jisiki. Two to Tyreek. One to Mike Jisiki. Oh, one to 85. Wow. Who caught the last one? Who caught the last one? Cause Jayden Wilder ain't scored, did he? This dude really threw five touchdowns. He threw five touchdowns. Five touchdowns. Oh, boy. Oh, boy. Oh, Wilder did score a touchdown? Wilder scored a touchdown? I don't even remember the Wilder touchdown. That boy too, a boy. Wow. Look at that. What happened? Oh, gosh, this is just... Appreciate that playboy. He said defense slacking. They yelling at Hamilton. Ravens pulling the Falcons. Yeah, sure. It's terrible. All right, dude, dude. I know you got one in you, man. Nubin ain't been returning on kicks since the first one though. I don't think he returned the kicks since the first one. He got that one kick return and then after that, they've been going out the end zone. And maybe that's the way they've been getting kicked though, too. Oh, well, that wasn't possible to return. What did Hamilton do? Cause I ain't even get to see it on a replay. Hamilton gave that up. 21 points in the fourth quarter. Why is rookie Hamilton out there? Lamar did great, but the defense and culture. Well, now it's time, offense got to step it up now. That boy threw a five-touch. That's why you get guys that's like that, man. Wow. Guys that's like that, they make plays. Now Ravens guys got to get like that and make their plays again. Cause now it's a tie game. Now you guys to score. See, we would just see how quickly things could change. See how quickly things could change. We were just on here having a conversation about if the Ravens should take out Lamar Jackson or not. And look, look how things change just like that. Just like that. Hmm. Yeah. Nice, nice catch by Andrews and guys little yak too. Good stuff. Here we go, man. Oh, what is the pass interference or something? What happened? So Isaiah likely, he was calling for that flag like crazy. I don't know what happened though. Oh, well, it's on a dolphin. Cause I just saw the ref point that way. I don't know what they did. Pass interference or pass interference. All right. Let's see if it was legitimate.  I'm over here looking at the guy beside Bateman, but it was the wrong person. I'm glad I saw the other guy the corner of my eye. All right. PI first down four and a half minutes left. Come on, y'all. Oh boy. Come on. Oh, dude. Nice one. Nice catch. Oh, is he okay though? Oh, no, stay down. If you got a concussion, you got to stay down, man. Dude hurt. Get him off the field. Got to get him off the field, man. Good catch. Oh, yeah. He just felt that. He felt that hit. He's straight, but you got to get him off the field, man. He little winded right now. Javon Hollen dropped that shoulder. There's a clean hit. Yeah, there you go. Okay. He off the field now, man. Good. That was a little blow he took. All right. The Marcus Robinson, who's the receiver up top? Or is it likely? Who's the who's the receiver? Oh, that's Tyler Wallace. Oh, okay. Nothing, nothing, nothing, nothing. Now, see, this is where play call. I mean, play calling is obviously always important, but this is where play calling is extremely important because with the clock where it is, you don't want to just be like, all right, we're going to drain the clock and run, run, run because you still got a score. And you, you, that's a long field goal. So you obviously want to get a lot closer too. Come on, yo. Nothing, nothing, nothing. Come on, yo. 58 consecutive field goals made in the fourth quarter. Wow. That's clutch. But we want him kicking the point after the touchdown. Come on, yo. Somebody got to come open. Somebody. Come on. That's not passing interference. That little, yeah, Lamar threw it a little too far. Appreciate that doom. He said, you think like a push is a lender bomb thing? You talk as far as the running game. Oh, man. What you, what you mean? 17? How long is this field goal? This is a long field goal. How long is it? Oh, 51. Flag. What's the flag of offsides? That's declining. The flag offsides, it ain't going to be a first down. So that's declined. Declined. Okay. There they go. They declined it. All right. Defense. Can we please? Can we please? Man, here we go. Here we go. Here we go. Can we please, man? Please. Because this dolphins offense, they've been on fire. You know what? I would be surprised if Kyle Hamilton is on the field for this last drive. I think they're going to end up putting Geno Stone out there instead of Kyle Hamilton. I don't, I don't think he's going to be out here for this drive. Because if, if, if what y'all telling me is true about that, that it was on Kyle Hamilton, then they, they're not going to have him out there. What kind of kid goes that? Let's go. Let's go. Let's go. Hmm. Hmm. Put it out there. Oh my goodness. He's wide open on that second one. Wide open. Nobody in sight. All right. Here we go. Okay. Kyle Hamilton is out there. There you go. All right. Two minutes. Two minute one. He ain't, okay. There we go. They have stopped the clock for like a little half second. All right. Here we go, man. Here we go. Play calling the second half of the trash. Oh man. He had some rough moments. He ain't got you stressing. It should, it should, it should, it should. Your nervous makes me nervous. It should be nervous. I mean, it's a three point game and you see how the dog has been moving. So he said, John forgot the coach. Oh, John forgot to, oh, John forgot to have a coach. John forgot how to coach once we had to leave. It's just been rough, man. This is sad. Hey, boy. Touch, three touchdown lead. Hate to say the two letters. Oh, oh, hopefully not. Hopefully it'll be a regulation, Raven's regulation, but we're gonna see, man. We're gonna see. Oh, man, this is crazy, man. This is crazy. Oh, yeah. I knew Devon Dubin, they had a concussion, man. I already knew he had a concussion. I saw that when he went down, he tried to get up and he was like, yeah, he knew. Saw that coming. Hey, man. Let's see, man. Let's see. Were y'all talking about Flacco and them? They about to really come back? Nah, no, Browns had that like clutched out, man. Let me see. Let me go to the scores. What? What happened? Where did the Jets go for two or something? Hold on. Let me go to fourth quarter, man. Jared Wilson passed the extra point. Did the Browns miss the extra point or something? Ah, yeah, there you go. Extra point is no good. How did the, I thought the Browns, the Browns, oh, the Jets won. Oh, they won. I'd see the final now. Wow. Good stuff, Jets. Oh, now it's not saying the Jets won. It just said that the final was that the Jets won. Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah. Okay. Now they're saying it's an interception. Okay, there goes the final. Yeah, Jets won. Wow. I thought Browns was up like two scores and they had just put it away. We had even said it on stream, like, oh, yeah, the Browns put it away. They going to two or no. This is why I never hated when the Patriots used to run a score up. Boom. That's true. Me neither. Me neither because it's like, hey, it's four quarters in the game, man. It's four quarters. Here we go, man. Here we go. Yeah, I got to see what happened in that game, but man, let's see. Come on. Come on, defense, somebody. Who, who, who's it going to be, man? Who's it going to be, man? Oh, they bring it. They brought the Blitz. They almost got there, but two got it off at a good time. Come on, man. Who's it going to be? Yeah, they sent the young boys on. Oh, okay. I thought I saw number six on Tyree Keele. It is number five. Oh, no, that's, oh, no, it's, it's, it's, it's Marcus Peters. Can't even think straight. This game got me going crazy. Oh, yeah. Yep. Yep. It's Tyree Keele, man. It's Tyree Keele, man. Oh, Tyree Keele hurting. Oh, goodness gracious. Why, man? For what?  They still got 200 receiving yards on us. Boy, come on, y'all. Yeah, of course, the defense looked tired because they, they've been getting burnt this whole second half, man. Oh, they ran a ball. Wow. There we go. There we go. Come on, man. What a great play call. What a great play call. Thank you, Marcus Williams, for being there, because that has touched down all day. Man, appreciate that play, boy. He said defense and coordinator done too, man. Oh, boy. Oh, boy. Goodness gracious. It's first and goal. First and goal, man. First and goal. Come on, defense. I mean, we've been saying, come on, defense all second half, but didn't see how that didn't go on. Hmm. Come on, defense, though. Somebody, please, please, please.  Who's that? Oh, wow. That was close. Oh, that was close. That was a great throw.  Here. Little calf injury now.  Oh, man. This is crazy. Now, who are we going to put out there at corner? Oh, they're a worthy, I guess. A worthy probably going to be out there. This is crazy stuff. Change like that. Like that in a snap of a finger in the heartbeat, all of that. Change like that. It's crazy. It's crazy. It's crazy. It's crazy. It's crazy. Yeah, it's been a long fourth quarter, man. It's crazy, man. Crazy. Crazy. Crazy. This thing, crazy, man. Crazy, man. Hmm. Oh, goodness gracious, man. It's like if it ain't one thing, it's another. Last year with these dolphins, it was all the blitzing and the exotic blitzes and the disguise blitzes and all that. Then the Ravens were not going for the ball. They were dropping the ball. They were fumbling the ball. And now, okay, Pepe is good. He'll be fine. Now, this week is just, defense couldn't hold him. Couldn't hold him. Couldn't hold him. Oh, we got Ezekiel Elliott on the training stage. Come on, man. But this is it, man. Whatever happens here, this, it'll probably most likely be it because of the time. So let's see, man. Somebody, can somebody make a play, man? A good play for the Ravens, not for the dolphins, but come on, somebody, please. These boys came back. These boys came back. These boys came back, man. These boys came, this dude threw six touchdowns on the deep six touchdowns. He threw six touchdowns.  Jalen Wildover is Jalen Amor Davis. That boy threw six touchdowns on this defense. Six of them. Now, 14 seconds to make a miracle happen, huh, baby? That boy threw six touchdowns. Six of them, boy. Six. Six. Six touchdowns, man. Six. Oh, boy. This is a shame. Six. That boy. Six. What was that?  What did these dudes really let happen, man? Boy, this is, this is crazy, man. This is unbelievable. This is unbelievable, man. This is unbelievable, man.  A lot of people wasn't texting me early on, but they all texted me now all of a sudden, man. This is unbelievable, man. This is unbelievable. Ravens called time out. Oh, oh, the ball fell. This is unbelievable, man. This is unbelievable. All right. Here we go. And okay, touch back. And here we go. Hey, we done seen crazy stuff happen. So let's see. Let's see. Let's see what these boys got, what they could draw. So there's got to be touchdown. Can't be no field goal. No, no, got to be touched in. You got to get 75 yard touchdown. You got to get a 75 yard touchdown, man. Here we go. Let's see what they got drawn up. You got 14 seconds to timeouts. And here we go. Here we go. All right. Cool. Timeout, obviously, to the 40. All right. Nine seconds. That took, what, five seconds? Okay. Okay. Okay. Crossing. Come on, man. Come on. This is crazy. This is crazy. Here we go. Oh, Melvin Ingram swatted that down. Wow. That was a great defensive play. Oh, yeah. He was waiting for that. Oh, he was waiting for that. He was waiting for it. There we go. There we go. Timeout. Okay. Oh, they took a, they took a little bonus second from us. All right. Here we go. Hail Mary. They're going to do the Hail Mary now. Let me see. Here we go. Here we go. Bring out Mark Andrews, Tyler Wallace, Bateman.  Here we go. Here we go.  That'd be something right there. But let's see. Let's see. There we go. What if Lamar ran? Just passing a fit? What? That wasn't PI? That's crazy. These boys came back. These boys came back. That was terrible. That was terrible. Wow. Wow. So, I mean, oh, didn't even realize I was over here. All right. Well, fix this. All right. Well, wow. Where do we even start? Where do we start? I don't even know where to start. Wow. He said, then we fired a wink. Why? This was... Wow. Where do we begin? Well, first shout out to the dolphins. Shout out to the dolphins because they did it. They did that thing. They were down. They were getting whooped. They were getting dogged. They were just getting beat. But man, they did that thing. They did that thing. They did not give up. They didn't quit because they could have... When they were down, what, three scores, I think?  Their playmakers made plays. Their playmakers made plays, man. Wow. And two, two through six. That boy through six touchdowns. Six of them. Six of them, man. Six of them. Six of them. Defense. Start with the reason we lost. Oh, that boy through six. 36 for 50. 469 yards. Six touchdowns. Wow. It's crazy. Still kind of lost on exactly how to get started. But man, six. That boy through six touchdowns. How do you... Yeah, we falconed it. We falconed it. Yeah. We falconed it. They falconed it. They really...  Like, where do we start? Appreciate that, Essie. I'm sick. What did I just see? Le Mans must... Hold on. He said... Le Mans must be fuming right now. Defense let us down. I wanted to hear a game while we fire wink. Just never having to wink. I don't think once. I just... I don't know, man. Like, this is on hardball. We're that part of it. I mean, that's the leader. But how do you give up a...  21. 21. 21. I still don't know where to start, man. That is so crazy. I can't believe the defense let us down. Put so much in a second. I'm sorry, y'all. I just... I don't even know where to start. I'm really just trying to find where do we start? Like, where do we start? I don't know. I don't even know, man. The... Wow. Dolphins came. They came to Raven's house, too. It's like, man, Dolphins say, look, last year was no fluke. Dolphins say, y'all came to our house and we whooped y'all at the crib. We whooped y'all in Miami. We're going to take a little road trip. Go up to Baltimore. We're going to beach y'all there, too. And they came back too late. Like, man. Oh, man. Like, if you want to tell me, hey, Lamar Jackson, you're going to have three passing touchdowns. Three-oh. And get a 79-yard Russian touchdown.  For sure. Without a doubt, they got it sold up. Oh, yeah. Oh, yeah. But the interviewer would have told me, uh, Tua. Yeah, he going to throw two interceptions. And, well, Marcus Williams got both of them. So shout out to him. But if you're going to tell me Tua. Tua Tagovaloa. Tua. You going to tell me he threw two picks, but he threw six touchdowns. And then one of the craziest parts about the whole thing. Again, we know we always talk about it. Playmakers make plays. All that real quick. Hold on. All that investment on the defensive side of the ball. I'm going to need to see some return of investment. We were seeing it early, but then it just, it faded. It faded. Marcus Williams out there getting all them picks. Pepe Williams and Jaylen and Moore Davis, they make a nice play, but it all just faded away. If you'd have told me that, the Ravens with that big of a lead at home. And yet the Ravens still lose. I bet the house looking for a place to live now. That is something. Kevin Lee said, hardball has to go. Enough is enough. Joseph said, all that investment on the defensive side of the ball. Oh yeah. Yeah, we read that one already. Yeah. Yeah. There they got our coach. He missed the one pick that would have ended in unfortunate. Dolphins just show Ravens how horrible this second. Oh man. But yeah, you got, they went and got Tyreek Hill. It's like the Cret preacher by the preacher that Kevin hardball is at fault from the beginning with these terrible hires.  That's, that's what Tyreek Hill does. And especially with the Yacht rapper, Vantacle, you knew J, even Jaylen Waddle, even say for instance, worst case scenario, if you ain't even know Jaylen Waddle was going to go off like that, you see what he's doing in a, not even the first half of the first quarter, you see what he's doing in the first quarter. It's like, oh yeah, we got to make some adjustments. We got to fix some stuff here and there. Okay, cool. You see what he's doing in the second quarter. It's like, okay, we got to make some adjustments. We got to fix some stuff. Okay, cool. You can see what he does in the third quarter and in the fourth quarter.  You couldn't stop him. You couldn't stop him. So Tyreek Hill and Jaylen Waddle, they play makers made plays and they made it easier for tour. They made it easier for tour. Now Lamar Jackson and his guys, they obviously made plays too. They didn't make enough to what his guys, they made more plays. They made more stuff happen. And this was just one of them games where that was that, man. That was that. When you look at the Ravens offense, it was important that they started off hot, which they did. They did. They started off hot. They started off doing that thing. They didn't come out slow like last week, which was great. And the offense defense was looking like, what do we get ourselves into? It ended up being Ravens defense that really had to ask the question, what do we get ourselves into? And man, that's so crazy, man. These dudes really gave up that big lead like that, man. That is so crazy, man. I can't believe it, man. I can't believe it, man. But hey, for Tyreek Hill to literally be, Tyreek Hill was running free, like running free. And with Tyreek Hill, he was just running free, out on the open, having a good time running down the field wide open, did the peace sign and all. But first, even before he did the peace sign, the first time he was running free, he got his touchdown. It's like, all right, let's make sure, or no, he wasn't really running free on the Marcus Peters. When he just beat Marcus Peters and Marcus Peters ain't even turning around. He didn't even bother checking behind.  I know it's his first game back, but still that's a veteran. He didn't even turn around. He ain't look back or nothing. But so he, Tyreek Hill beat him for that touchdown.  Marcus Peters got beat on that touchdown by Tyreek Hill. How about we leave him wide open on the next time? So they make it easier for him. I don't know what happened with Kyle Hamilton on that play. I know a lot of people saying it was Kyle Hamilton. I didn't get to see the replayers to see exactly what happened, where the assignment was blown or whatever. But Tyreek Hill wide open. But Tyreek Hill, again, throughout the game, we said this earlier during the game that Tyreek Hill, he is such a smart, efficient runner with the football. When he get the football in his hands, he is super, super efficient because he maximizes every single play. That's why Tyreek Hill, that's why his calves and his hammies was hurting. He had to get stretched out and stuff because he too fast for his own good. He too fat. Like he outran his own body. That's why he had to take all them breaks. He had to get the cramps and all that. But yeah, man, the defense and it's like the pass rush just disappeared early on. Justin Houston was getting back then whatnot. Then all of a sudden, I guess dolphins made adjustments in that pass rush poof disappeared from the Raven. It was never to be seen again. Never to be seen again. They blitzed a couple of times and whatnot. But Tua, he was smart with his decision making. Smart with it. Quick with it. Got the ball out fast. Made it happen. Fast. Quick fast and in a hurry. Good decision making too. So get that man Tua his credit, man. KD said G-Row was pretty stubborn constantly testing that Fins D line by running it up the middle after it was consistently being clothed.  Who's got heel? That's a good question. Apparently nobody because he was wide open. I think I missed a super chat. Tim said too much money on the defensive side of the ball to play like this. I agree. 1000 percent. You 1000 percent right. D said and appreciate the super test to you. He said this is exactly why we need another big name wide receiver one. Sorry to say we are no longer a running team. 2019 is the past. Our line is better when passing. Yeah, they ain't been able to run. They ain't been able to run at all. And we'll see when JK comes back if that all of a sudden makes them be able to run the ball. You never know. But I mean, we'll see. I think it'll be a mix. We'll really see when Boyle and Ronnie Stanley and JK come back then we'll really get to see a little bit more. Okay, Ken and Ravens really run the ball, but they just gonna be airing it out. And if they're gonna be more of a passing thing, I got no problem with that. But yeah, they put up points. I mean, you put up 28 points on offense.  And normally if you put up 28 points and it's a Ravens team and it's a Ravens defense player, normally 28 points that would get it done normally. But this wasn't a normal situation. Booty boys got beat at the crib, home opener, all the hype. I know it was going crazy there. And they got beat at the crib. Two of the dolphins came in and said, I don't care about no Ravens. We don't care about no Ravens. I ain't worried about no Ravens. I know I got a lot of happy family right now. A lot of my family is dolphins fans. That's okay. That's okay. I know I got a lot of happy friends.  But all of a sudden that fourth quarter rolled around, I'm getting texts from my dolphins friends and stuff, sending me eyes, emojis and like, Hey, what's up? And now you want to start having a conversation. It's okay though. I ain't mad, man. The thing with me, the thing that bothered me, Ravens were up, I think they were up fourth. Was it when they were up 14, when they called that the fourth down, the little QB keeper with Lamar? Was it, was that when they were up 14? How much they were up by? But that again, it's the situational play calling is big situational play calling. Now, early on in the first quarter, Lamar, he had his fumble that, Hey, and it's crazy. Bring up Beatty, sit here now. We'll see. We'll see. I don't, I think they, if anything, they probably think about sitting Mike Davis. I just, to me, the way that they call that game and the way that they didn't call that game with Mike Davis and whatnot, to me, it looked like they lost or losing trust in Mike Davis. And I know it's only been two games, but they like clearly like, okay, yeah, we don't want him as a runner. I mean, you saw it, like they gave him a little chance here and there, but then it was like, okay, no, we good. So we'll see what happens next week against what the Patriots. Oh man, this is, this is, this is crazy. Two or six is going to be called payback for that Jackson five. Oh, I like that. I like that. Hey, let it be. I mean, well, two wasn't around back then though. Oh, was he? Was he a rookie? No, he wasn't a rookie. Was he a rookie back then? Was it 2019? Oh, you might be right, actually. I think maybe two was a rookie. Ryan Fitzpatrick, Ryan Fitzpatrick was a starter. So I know two wasn't starting, but was he around? He wasn't he drafted? Oh, two was 2020. Okay. All right. Well, cool. Appreciate y'all clearing that up. Oh, that, oh, that tank for, oh yeah. Okay. Okay. Appreciate that. Appreciate y'all. Y'all know my memory be all kind of messed up, especially with a game like this, this game, games like this, they'll knock your memory out, for sure. Appreciate that, Kevin. He said, I wish we had Florida as a wink as defensive coordinator. Read this. Hardball always gets our coach for the hundredth time, nothing new. Hardball made this team the new Falcons. Defense needs work badly. If we can run the ball with JK, we can milk the clock. I'm going on a trip to Spain, but the S is silent. Pay two. I like that. I like that. Yeah. Hey, two was that two was like this. He was like, look, all these rumors. Appreciate it. Right. Fast lift. Thank you, man. All these rumors been going about going around about Lamar Jackson possibly going to the Dolphins after the season two was like, man, I'm going to shut all that noise up. I don't want to hear none of that. I don't want to hear nobody talking about no Lamar Jackson coming here, me getting traded somewhere else. I don't want to hear none of that.  He let people know, like, hey, I could get that ball down the field. I can make good decisions. I'm going to have some mistakes or whatever, but every quarterback does, every quarterback does. Would you rather have, because I would take today, I would take the situation, I would take tour situation over Lamar's all day.  Okay. Hey, cool. Great. Great job. But they're going to lose versus a quarterback on those two picks, man, two picks. Oh, that's rough, man. But hey, they're going to throw six touchdowns and they're going to get the win. Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah. Give me that one all day. Give me that one all day.  And that's the most important thing at the end of the day. And all the numbers and stuff, that's pretty, but the win is even better. So they got it, man. They got it. He said, we ain't gone, but we still having issues. Lamar is out of here. If we don't move on from this week coaching stuff. Oh, no, man. This showed us what we need to fix for when we get to the playoffs. Jared said, and I appreciate that donation. He said, Lamar doesn't get paid. Lamar saved hardball's career. Why do we still have hardball decision-making and game-planning? He's watched. Hardball lost us previous years playoffs. If he's, if it's the coach, not Lamar. No, I don't, I don't think this one was on Lamar.   You get a kick return for a touchdown with Duvenay. It was like, all right, 35 points. Oh yeah, defense, defense, even if you give up 21, that's okay. Even if you give up 24, that's cool. But six touchdowns, like six, six touchdowns, that's crazy. And you would think like, all right, maybe the Ravens offense, they turn the ball over, something like that. No. Well, they had to turn over on downs on that fourth down call, but no. That was it. It's like in the second half, the Ravens just, they got lethargic. It's like they, they reversed their roles from last week. They reversed the roles from last week. Last week, it was, all right, they slow, slow in the first half. In the second half, they woke up. This time they woke up. It's like they woke up in the first half and they used all their energy. In the second half, they were like, oh, we just chill. We're just going to chill. We're just going to relax a little bit. Boy, one to say we fight the wrong coordinator. Harbaugh is a master of autopilot. Ooh. Y'all be killing me with these one-liners sometimes. Nitro said Harbaugh is a master of autopilot coaching. This will be blamed on Lamar all week. You know it will. Jared Huffman said, Harbaugh brought in Mike McDonald. It's them. Hmm. Man, our defense is liability. They couldn't cover their noses when they sneezed. Yeah, this, this, this was on defense. This, if I had to put it on like one part of the team, it would be on defense. Different parts of it contribute. Well, not special teams, but offense contributed a little bit to the loss, but this, this was on defense for sure. If you got to pick like one area back to back, QB runs on fourth was bad. Yes, I hated that. I hated that. On the third down, I thought it was a nice play call, but then on fourth call, I just knew they were going to pass the ball, but they just said, oh no, you know what? We're going to do the same thing again. We're going to set it up a little different. We're going to do the same thing again. What? Really? But secondary started off super slow in 2019, and then we made a mid-season trade that changed everything. Still think we are missing something just not sure what. It's about on defense. Didn't they miss something on defense? Come on, Barton, Raven. Come on. Y'all, like, y'all got to do better than that, man. Like, if you're frustrated, cool, but you still got to keep it clean.   Hey, that's fine. If you're going to come in here with a curtain and all that, go do that somewhere else, because we, we not for that, man. Come on, man.  Edgar Allen said, uh, the DBs got burnt, then start looking around at each other like goofballs. Well, I mean, they, I mean, yeah, well, 7-0.  You just don't. I don't like fourth down tries in that condensed space. Fourth and inches cool, but not at the goal line.  Oh, man.  Um, somebody was like, when Lamont fumble, I was saying, man, I hope that don't come back to bite us in the butt. I hope it doesn't. And somebody was like, Oh, no, it definitely will. And it did. It did for sure. Um, so where's the adjustment set? Well, you saw it from the dolphins. You saw their adjustments. Ravens one, get no pass rush at all. And see dolphins, dolphins were watching the Ravens closely, watching what they were doing. They knew the Ravens were getting a little frustrated. They knew the Ravens were going to be coming after the tour. And then that fourth quarter, when they called that little draw play to, uh, I think it was to Raheem Moster.  What a smart. I think it was actually on the last drive of the game. Like what, what a smart play. So smart. Anyway, um, appreciate that day. If he said, will this be the game the organization realizes that the defense can't carry us anymore, like the old days and become more offensive minded? No, no. Come on, man. I would love to see that, but it's Ravens philosophy. Even though like they, uh, these past two games, they've been throwing that ball. They've been throwing that ball. But again, uh, like somebody brought up earlier, I wonder if they've been thrown the ball more because they just simply can't run. Like, so they got no, they got no choice. Not even that they choosing to throw the ball more, but they just simply can't run. So if you can't do something, if you force to do it, it's like, Oh, okay. John was at six touchdowns. I'm glad that I ain't go through the game. Appreciate that. Looney. He said that was embarrassing, man. Usually I'm trying to find the silver lining in the loss, but this time it was actually embarrassing ending. Ravens coaching started making, what are you thinking calls and defense broke down? Yeah, they sure did break down. Why is Clark playing linebacker? Clark been playing linebacker for a while now. Like he's a safety, but they, uh, they, he plays linebacker too. They have him like move around. So yeah. Um, let me make sure I ain't miss. Okay. Miss nothing cool. Um, this was crazy, man. Carl Hamilton is a bus. It's time to get him out of the door. Analysts will write about him. I wouldn't call him a bus. He had a busted coverage that I gave him a touchdown, but I wouldn't call no bus. I would call no bus, man. A whole division might lose today. Browns lost to the jets. Ravens lost. Oh, Steelers lost to the Patriots. They lost. Okay. I ain't know that.  You just, you just lose track of other stuff going on. Appreciate that Tim. He said dolphins, two best players were playing against Casper today. Yes. Yes, they were. Jalen Waddell and, uh, Tyree Q, see the thing with Tyree Q that was crazy is that well, except on that, the one touchdown, he was wide open, but no, yeah, with Tyree, no, no, no, my fault. Excuse me. With Tyree kill, he was open a lot. He was, and it's funny because when I talked to my guy, Doug Lee, do wrong. When I talked to my guy, T defense talk, they told me they were like, Hey, last week against the Patriots, Tyree kill, he was doing what he wanted to do. He was wide open, but they were sometimes going to, it would just miss him. So I'm like, Oh, okay. All right. Cool, cool, cool. That's fine. And now he got, he did everything that he wanted to do and to a miss to say, Oh, I might have missed last week. I ain't missing today. And he didn't miss six touchdowns, two of them to two, to, uh, Tyree to the Jalen Waddell, one to 85. I don't know his name. And then one of them might get sick. Six touchdowns. Anyway, my guy, Jay Hall, appreciate it. He said, this what happens when you hire your friends instead of doing coaching search. Come on. That's college stuff. Hmm.  Definitely wasn't his best game. Definitely wasn't his best game. John Moses, special team head coaches on thin ice, special team head coach. Why would he be on thin ice? You're sick. I always forget how to say his name, man. This game is a lot bigger than a week to match up. It could potentially be a game to secure a playoff spot. It could be. If you think we're going to get a ring, I'm sorry, bro. You're delirious.   Yeah, I said it. Oh, I got a blade. He paid attention. He said from 500 borough to 422. He only threw for 420. I thought he threw for more than that. Let me see real quick, man. Yeah, he threw for more than that. He threw for 469. So 470.  Oh, John Hope boy. No, man.  That's it, man. Two or six. Appreciate that.  We let him score fast. Yeah. Yeah, they sure did. I guess the refs, the refs probably on that final play. They were like, look, we've been doing some like weird kind of trash calls against the Dolphins. You know what?  We ain't calling PI because Dolphins, they were getting some stuff called against him. I was like, what? Especially like that tripping call because Tua had just run for a big first down for like 11 yards. I think he got a first down and they call it tripping. Like what tripping really? It wasn't no tripping. It was a really bad call. And there was another call that was kind of funny against the Dolphins too. I forgot what it was, but yeah, it is what it is. So calls are definitely not the reason the Ravens lost because, and I ain't about to blame it on no one old passing interference on the end zone on the Hail Mary play. No, because Dolphins were getting stuff called against them all day. That was just not good. Oh, you thought you saw the trip? I ain't think it was a trip, man. Good. Lamar got to go. He's a loser, just not a winning personality, but hey, pay the man. Oh, you trolling. Malik Harrison is not a real Raven. Why you say that? Raven, I just let all my anger out on my punching bag. That's the perfect place to let it out. Good stuff. Oh, wait, bro, we should have gotten Michael Parsons. At least they're still tied for the division lead, no matter if the Bengals win. Oh, yeah, because Bengals lost last week to the Steelers. Steelers lost this week. So, yeah, yeah, one in one. Yeah. So, at least like, yeah, like somebody mentioned earlier, ain't no moral victories. No, man.  They lost. I mean, they had some nice moments or whatnot, which is great, but they lost. They lost. So, just drove to work, heated. Oh, man. Yeah, Baltimore Falcons. That's what it is, man. Why are we running a QB draw on fourth down against, again, when they stopped the first QB draw, got to call something better than that. I agree. 1000%. Still no pass rush. Yeah, no pass rush. He said, away, nothing. Michael Pierce, the only one out there on the field. Yeah, away, away been a little quiet. He been a little quiet. I thought he was gonna burst onto the scene this year, especially how not even from just the reports that we had heard, but I know in preseason, I know he only paid like one or two snaps, but he came out like in preseason, he had this little burst. I said, oh, yeah, there he goes. But yeah, Robert Smith said, somebody call Rex Ryan, please. Marquette, what's up, baby? What's going on, man? What did Patrick Queen do? Patrick Queen made a couple tackles. This wasn't the game that he had last week, but he came close to swatting a couple passes, but he missed him by a little bit. See, it was tough. My friend is a Dolphins fan and is chirping, got me feeling depressed. Oh, yeah, they deserve it too. They came back. They came back. Indeed, in Houston, who they barely wanted to sign is like the MVP of Marquette Williams. One of the worst losses in Raven's history. I agree. I agree. 75, LOL. We talking about him? What's 75? We make playoffs and hardball against our coach, something like that. Okay, okay, okay, okay, okay, okay, okay.   Rex, it's okay. He said, I'm off for a week. Oh, you enjoy your vacation there, man? Defense sold in the second hand? Well, probably said in pain. Two of basically had the same type of receivers he had in college. Someone said the L was 75% on the defense. Oh, okay, okay, okay.  You can roll with the 75. That's okay. I ain't mad at you, man. I ain't mad. We don't make adjustments in key situations. Hey, man, not beating the bills like that. This feels worse than a loss. What? This is a loss. The game had a playoff atmosphere. It did. Dave James said L is 99.98% on the defense. Where did Marlowe go? I don't know. He got kind of quiet. I don't know if he just hadn't been playing anymore, if they took him. I don't know. Or maybe the ball wasn't going to his side. I don't know. I don't know. All y'all tripping for Fleckle need to go somewhere else because that's just silly. Someone said if we had Fleckle, who KJ say he lost his voice for nothing. Oh, I'm sorry, man. He said we'll get blown out by the bills. See what Ravens, you know how they be doing. Ravens be trolling, man, because they'll do a game like this and then they'll let people get like down on them and stuff. And then they come out of nowhere and beat some team that you think they got no business beating and stuff. So I don't know. But bills, that is a game that even before this game, and I know it was only based off of one game, but bills are a game that before this game, I was looking at that like that was a loss. That was just based off of Ravens week one, how they looked and how they played versus bills week one, how they looked and how they played. I just felt like bills were just, they were a better team at that point. But then Ravens came out and did this and it's like, oh, okay, well, maybe you definitely get beat by it. But I mean, it's any given Sunday, we'll see what happens. What old bills play the Titans tomorrow, the 715, definitely going to be glued into that one. That should be a fun one. My views, my voice, appreciate that. He said, Greg Roman is not a coach. He's just a bad situational play caller. That's why we need to move on. The more deserves a coach that's not going to call for straight runs up the middle and back to back QB. Hey, somebody said, nobody switches up like Ravens fans. I mean, you're going to probably say that about really any fan though, any fan of anything, because it happens. Just how when a lot of people, they don't know how to deal with a loss. When winning, it's like, oh, yeah, let's go, let's go. But then it lose, it's like, oh, man, that's all good. It's part of being a football fan. Ain't no big deal. He said, no, I'm taking us over the bills, needing two elite wide receivers and 600 yards just to barely win. Is the one off? I mean, I guess they got Stefan Diggs and Gabe Davis. So they got some nice receivers, too. They got Dawson Knox, so they got a nice tight end, too. They got a better quarterback than Tua. They're running backs who singletary ain't a cook. They're offensive liners in better shape than the Dolphins is, too. But again, it's still early. We'll see. We'll see. But we'll go week by week. We'll look at week by week and see what we can get there. Oh, then that defense, that pass rush. We're going to see it over there. We're going to see. We're going to see. We're going to see. Oh, you said, oh, man, we got to listen to the media for a week. Is LeMond not worth the money? Is this loss on LeMond? Oh, yeah, you know it's coming. You know it's on the way. You know it's on the way. This whole front office is so poverty. What makes you say that, Parley? I'm actually about to get off here in a little bit. MP was just getting torched. Yeah, that first came back. It was rough, man. Marcus Peters was probably like, maybe I should have sat out a little more game, but nah, it's all good, man. He said, away ain't nobody. Can we trade him for Micah Parsons? We're going to get our coach two weeks in a row. I hope not. I hope not. Appreciate it, Edgar Allen. He said, we lost, but thanks for making the season more fun. Oh, no, I appreciate you coming through for the stream. These two games is pretty much like LeMond gets the ball and he has any kind of time. Good things happen. That's about it. Four straight QB runs, five wide versus all out lids. We just stopped running all together. I'd rather them start justice for some consistency. Yeah, might as well, man. It couldn't hurt, because Mike Davis, I don't really think he's going to get opportunity like that moving forward. Again, still early, so we'll see, but might as well. I mean, with JK's coming back next week, most likely. So yeah, man, our safeties look lost on some of those touchdowns. Oh, they look lost on a little more than that. Next week is a must win, but we could very well be one in three. Who they could end up two and two. We see, but man, I appreciate that big dog. He said, y'all need to calm down guys. We have more games to play and we do have time to improve and stop switching up on our team. People just frustrated. That's it. They just frustrated. That's it. As I said, I don't understand why we stopped listening to the fake cover zero. It worked in the first half. No clue. Kevin Wood said, crazy three out of four AFC North teams lost so far. Hopefully it's four for four. Hopefully. Hopefully this is the windies, the windies weaker to AFC North and it can be four for four and all four can lose. Ravens could have set themselves up nice and I know they still would have been super early two and no, but they could have set themselves up real nice for to just be ahead a little bit, even if it's a little, because again, every game counts like somebody brought up a really good point earlier talking about how this this game had a playoff atmosphere and that this could be a game that could could change like seating when it comes to the playoffs and whatnot. And yeah, that's true. That's true. That's what that's a really good point. Chuck Clark let Mike get that touchdown. I mean to put it up in a perfect spot for him. Mike went up and got it. Queen the fastest. The fastest TSA pat down agent in the NFL.  Don't do that, man. Don't do that guy like that, man. Lamar money going up is all I said. Oh, yeah. His money still going up for sure. I'm at the game and so sad watching this team lose hard to root for a team that can't keep a 21 point. Nicola said this team isn't improving. They get a BBL with fixer flat. Just giving dangerous false. Well, what an analogy. The AFC North messed up your parlay. You shouldn't be gambling. Are our DBs overrated? It's all about consistency, man.  So it's very easy and I know it's like six touchdowns, six touchdowns. Yeah. It's very easy to be like, all right, secondary sucks, terrible that this did that. I get why people would say that or feel that way. But we got to see the consistency and got to see the entire body of work and not just two weeks. You get what I'm saying?  And I know it's really hard to look at it like that. But again, everything is about consistency. It's about consistency. So let's just see. Treland's got caught it off. Oh, did he really? McDonald is peas 2.0? I hope not. See with Dean peas, he wasn't a bad defensive coordinator. He was just bad situationally with that game. That was just a bad game. Hopefully that could be like, it's like, all right, you got it at your system that bad games. Okay, cool. But I don't know. We're gonna see. We're gonna see. But anyway, team keep it clean. I appreciate y'all. I love y'all so much. Thank you for watching this, watching the game with us. And then of course, chit chatting about it afterwards. It was a lot of fun.  But we still had a lot of fun live streaming this game. So appreciate y'all. Thank you for supporting. Thank you for rocking out with us. Thank you for being a part of this. Thank you for making it so much fun. And I will see you all later on, most likely tomorrow, but I'll see you when I see you. And that's that, man. We had a good time. I appreciate y'all. Unfortunately, Ravens lost. They obviously got a lot of tightening up to do in a lot of different areas. But yeah, that's that. So Ravens are one in one. Last two games in the AFC East, Patriots and Bills. Be nice to come out of that three in one. That'd be nice. But we'll see what happens. We won't know till we know. So looking forward to this week. It should be a busy, fun one as usual. And I love y'all. Y'all appreciate y'all. Thank you for all the donations. Anybody that sent a super chat during the live stream, shout out to all the Team Keep It Clean channel members. Shout out to all the Team Keep It Clean patrons. Shout out to anybody that also donated either through PayPal or Cash App or Venmo. Appreciate all of y'all. Thank you for supporting. And we out. My homie ain't that right in Ravens. Shout out to Ravens.


I'm sorry and thanks to the organizers for giving me a chance to speak. Just check is my screen visible in cursor? Yes, I think everything looks nice. So yeah, I'd like to talk about, I mean we've heard lots of really fascinating and deep theory today and I'll close out the session with an experimental talk. You might want to put your camera on, so that would be nice if you can. Yeah, sorry. I think I have to stop sharing for a second to see my thing again. Okay, looks good. Everything's fine. Great. Yeah, so experimental work done by Tushar Asaha with theory contributions by Yannick Eric, Joseph Lucero and my colleague David Sivak. So what I'd like to talk about is first introduce a kind of modern, very simple information ratchet that can extract and store work. It kind of started as a textbook design but has had lots of applications. And then the main thing I want to talk about today is what happens when the information that is gathered and being acted on by such a machine is noisy. And basically we found a kind of unexpected, at least to us, phase transition where the machine just stopped working if the noise was too high. And then we had to think about why did that happen and what could one do about it. And then if I have some time I wanted to talk about what happens when you run such an engine in a non-equilibrium environment. Okay, so to set the stage imagine that you have a heavy mass here, which is hanging from the ceiling by a spring. It's small and brownie and so it's fluctuating up and down. You have a demon that watches it. And when it hits a threshold where the spring is compressed a certain amount, the demon quickly raises the ceiling up by just the right amount, not to do any work on the particle. But now the equilibrium position has shifted up. And if you could have repeat this cycle, you're basically raising a heavy weight without apparently doing any work. Of course there's computation and information processing costs that are included, which are not the focus of what I want to talk about. But for the point of view of the system itself, you're raising a heavy weight without having to do any work on it locally, just powered by fluctuations from the back that go up and then you act on them at the right time. And we realize this experimentally with optical tweezers. So we have a horizontal laser beam. The particle now is hanging down and fluctuating. And then we simply raise the beam and go about like this. So the tweezer apparatus is fairly standard. The main thing for our purposes is that you have to build it to go fairly fast so that you can really react quickly to fluctuations. Okay. In a little more detail, the rule that one would ratchet up looks like this. So let's set lambda as the position of the horizontal laser beam. And you make an observation of the position. And if it's higher than the laser beam, the center of the trap, so that's when the spring is uncompressed, then we increase it by an amount that's proportional to the amount that it exceeds it. If this is above some threshold, otherwise we do nothing. And so the resulting motion then would look like this where you have, for example, long periods where it might have some down fluctuations and you have to wait. And then when it comes back up and eventually exceeds the threshold, then you quickly raise it and so on. And the effect is to have a ratcheting up of the center of the beam and the equilibrium position of the particle. Okay. As I said that if you want a pure information engine when you're not putting any work in at all, which is sort of the extreme case of such an engine, then we have to adjust this feedback gain to the proper value. And naively what you would do is this is sort of a horizontal version of it. If this is the potential and you fluctuated to this position by translating an amount here where you're not changing the energy, you'd be doing no work. But the equilibrium position is now shifted to this position here. And in the coordinate system that I've adopted, this will correspond to a value of alpha equals two. However, if you, we can measure how much work the spring system is doing on the particle by looking at if we have a fixed position and we quickly change the position of the laser beam how much work we're doing on it. If we measure this, then the average value per unit time, this is the power of the trap, as a function of the feedback gain in this ratchet rule, does cross through zero, but at a value that is slightly lower than this expected value of two. And as I explained, there are two reasons for this. One of them is really simple to understand. And that is that there's always a delay between the time that we measure information and the time that we're able to act on it. And the simple picture would be that we observe it here, but by the time that we're able to act on it, on average, it's gone down a little bit. And so instead of translating over here, we should translate on average, we should be translating less. So this turns out to be one of the reasons that alpha is less than zero. And in the beginning, that's what we thought was going on, but it turns out that there's another one that I'll get to in a moment. Okay, so again, the picture is that we have this ratcheting up, which leads to an average rate of increase of the free energy, the gravitational potential energy that's being extracted in a kind of work reservoir. The first test is just to understand how you should operate this engine. And briefly, as you increase the sampling frequency, you get the the bee goes up faster and faster, but then it sort of saturates once you get past the relaxation time of the bead in the trap. And so that's one condition that we want to sample as often as possible, although there's not too much benefit once you get to this sampling frequency of one. This the sampling frequency of one in these units. The second is where you should put this threshold. We find that we maximize the rate of increase of work by setting the threshold to be zero, zero again, being where the spring is just at the neutral position of the trap center here. So it might be hanging down here and has to fluctuate up and then you immediately react. And so you want to sort of catch all of these up fluctuations, rather than, for example, waiting for occasional rare large fluctuations. That turns out not to be as good a strategy. Okay, so one can then sort of understand this kind of engine in different operating conditions, by for example, varying the stiffness and the mass. If you do these in dimensional units, it looks a little bit like a mess. This is the velocity that the particles is going up. This is the rate of free energy extraction or gravitational energy extraction. But if you put everything in proper units where we scale by the size of the trap, the equilibrium fluctuations of the trap for length and time by the time it takes to relax down in the trap is an overdamped dynamics and energy by kT, then in fact, all of these collapse onto universal curves. These are for different colors or different sizes of beads. And so as you increase the mass of the bead, if it's light, then the velocity is independent of the mass. But beyond a certain amount, which is given here, gravity starts to slow it down. It slows down as it's heavier. Likewise, there turns out to be an optimum mass of the bead to extract the highest free energy gain. And basically if it's too light, then there's not enough free energy that's getting extracted. And if it's too heavy, then the fluctuations up become too rare. OK, so this is sort of the background to what I wanted to focus on today, which is what happens to this picture if the measurements that you're making are noisy. So up until now, we've assumed that there's some position x of t and that the x of t that we measure is the true position. But what if to this true position, there's added some measurement noise, which of course there always is so that schematically you have not this curve here, but kind of like a band of probabilities. So the first thing to do is define how much noise and signal I have. So I'll define a signal to noise ratio where by signal, I mean the size of typical fluctuations of the bead in the trap. And then the measurement noise would be given a fixed position of the bead, how much to measurements spread about it. So they'll both be Gaussian distributions because it's the quadratic potential in this because of the kind of measuring system that we have. And its standard deviation would be sigma m and this is sigma. And so the signal to noise ratio I'll just define as the ratio of the standard deviations. OK. And experimentally, we can control the signal to noise ratio. I should say this is sort of real measurement noise. So we have a laser that is detecting the position of the particle onto by projecting an image of the scattered light onto four photodiodes that record the position. And by reducing the intensity of the laser, you reduce the signal to noise ratio, you increase the noise. OK. So this is the picture that we had before we're adjusting this feedback gain. We could make the work done by the trap go to zero. That was at a relatively high signal to noise ratio. And remember we explain this by appealing to the delay. And I said that wasn't the full story. And the reason it's not the full story is that we can repeat this at different signal to noise ratios. And what we see is the following where at high signal to noise ratios, this gain that makes the trap work zero. So this is on average, we're not putting any work into the system. At high signal to noise ratios, it asymptotes and the difference between this asymptotic value and two is indeed due to the delay. But now you can see there's something else going on that as the system is noisier and noisier, we're also being forced to reduce this gain to lower values. So this is the experimental point here. And if we go a little higher in signal to noise, we get a little closer to two. But if we go lower, then we really go down. And in fact, it goes down to what looks like zero. And so the first question that we were asking is what's going on here? Is this just smoothly decreasing to zero? Or is there some kind of phase transition? And I've already sort of suggested that there's a phase transition. And so these hollow points I want to claim are truly zero and not just some small value. So how do I know that? Well, we looked more carefully at the dependence of the amount, the rate of work that the trap is doing, the average trap power as a function of feedback gain. And so this was the picture that we had before. What I want to suggest is that as we change the signal to noise ratio, this curve, which is just a piece of a curve, actually kind of looks like this for high signal to noise ratios and looks like this for lower signal to noise ratios. So in this case here, we're able to find a value of feedback gain that makes the power equal to zero. Of course, there was always another possibility that we hadn't talked about, which is that if we don't try to raise the trap, then we're not doing any work on the trap at all. Right? So that's kind of the trivial solution. But it's always a possibility. Here we chose to operate in a condition where we could be raising it without doing any work. Here you see that there's only one possibility and that's to do no work. So this is what it looks like here if we instead focus on this area very, very close, a very small values of alpha. So these are going very close to zero. We can do this at very signal to noise ratios. And I guess they're corresponding to the gray levels here. So this is small signal to noise and high signal to noise. And so what you can see is that there's a change in shapes. And if you measure the slopes carefully, then you can see actually that there really is a crossover. And you can pinpoint that there's a phase transition point. So it's a phase transition between being able to find conditions where we can have this pure information engine going up without doing any work on it directly mechanically and just choosing not to play the game and not doing anything and letting it just sit there. Where of course we're also not doing any work. Okay, so that's explaining this behavior and why we put sort of open circles where here it's truly zero that there's no, I think, fine. And then we can ask what is the rate of free energy gain? And so what we see is that at high signal to noise ratios, the speed that the particle is going up and therefore the rate of free energy extraction of gravitational potential energy from gravitational potential energy asymptotes to a value that you would get with perfect measurements. But then it really decreases and it decreases strictly to zero here at the phase transition and then here it's zero because we're not doing anything. We're not raising it. Okay, so that explains a little bit what's going on but not why. So why is this happening? And the reason is that there's a kind of bias in the position that the particle of the measurement. And it's a little bit strange because normally the system that we're looking at is unbiased in the sense that if we just have a particle diffusing in space and we make a measurement, the errors are symmetric. That's what the Gaussian distribution meant. But now we're adding a condition and this condition can shift things. And let me try to explain. So there are two cases here where we see a particle that is apparently at the threshold that we've set. And in one case, if this is the equilibrium position, the actual position can be way up here and the noise fluctuation is negative and the net is that we see it here. In the other scenario that I want to think about, the fluctuation was below and then we had a positive noise fluctuation. Remember the positive and negative noise fluctuations are equally likely. However, the equilibrium is here. So in terms of fluctuation probabilities, this is much more common than this rare fluctuation. And so what I want to claim is that when you see a particle at threshold, on average, it's actually below it, which means that there's a bias. And this bias is coming from the conditioning of the imposed by the threshold. And so because of this bias, in effect, when we reduce alpha further, we're trying to get rid of this bias. And what we find is that if the noise is too high, in effect, this alpha would have to be negative, we would have to be lowering it on average to deal with the bias and have zero power, but we always have the possibility of doing nothing. And so then that's a better solution. So that's really what's going on with this transition. So that's the problem. I think we've understood the problem now that we get this phase transition. It's due to this bias. And then the question is, well, what can you do about it? And the solution that we came up with was to use a more sophisticated way of sort of processing the information that we get. So up until now, we've just been running this engine in the same way that we were running it with perfect measurements, which is to say, in that algorithm that I showed you for how to ratchet up the feedback, we were just putting in the measurement in place of the true position. But the engineers will tell us that there are other things that one can do. And in particular, we know what the dynamics of this trap is. So we should be able to take advantage of it. That is to say, we've measured the spring constant associated with the laser trap and relaxation times and so forth. And so we can take advantage of that to essentially use the past history of measurements. Not just the one measurement, but the entire history of it to estimate the actual position and to remove the bias. So I don't want to really go into the technical details of it, but it's a combination of Bayes rules plus the dynamics and the technical information of this is something called a common filter, which uses prediction to remove the time delay. So remember we had the separate problem of a time delay. So that you can remove by just recognizing that you have information from the past. And so you have to propagate it forward one time step using the known dynamics, which govern the average drift. And so when you do that, say, for one particular case of signal noise, we can repeat the characters. And then the nice thing is that having having accounted for these biases due to the rare fluctuations, which we now can take advantage of because we know what the dynamics are and the delay, we now get something that actually passes through zero at two just as if the naive way. And if we repeat that for all different signal to noise ratios, it really is two for all of them. And that means that we can essentially use this estimate of the position from the past history to come up with an estimate of the state at the time that we're acting on it that has no delay because we've used prediction and has no bias because we've used these Bayesian priors. Okay. And so the result then for how fast we're able to raise it up is this blue curve here, which compares to the old one here. And it's probably better to look at the difference between these two. And what's remarkable, I think, is that there's a maximum not too surprisingly right at the phase transition. So this represents sort of how much better you perform using this more sophisticated way of incorporating your noisy measurements than you would by the naive way. And what we see is that there's a kind of a peak in the benefit at the phase transition. It's easy to understand because when you have a very high signal to noise ratio, that means that your measurements are essentially telling you the perfect position. Then it doesn't matter if you use the naive method or not. There's no real benefit to being sophisticated. Likewise, in this regime, which is we can't really do too much in the way of measurements down here, but we can see the trend, if your measurements are just complete noise, then no amount of Bayesian trickery will get you out of that. But for intermediate signal-to-noise ratios of order one, then this really is important. And this is really the regime that typically one likes to be in because, I mean, I haven't talked about information processing costs, but there is a cost for measuring more information than you actually need. And so by minimizing information costs would tend to put you in the signal-to-noise ratio of order one anyway. But what's remarkable to me and is worth thinking about is that even when every measurement that we're making is a little bit noisier than the actual signal, we're slightly below one here, you're still able to get more than half of what you could get if you had a perfect measurement. And to me, this was kind of remarkable. Okay, so if I have a couple, I'm not sure how I'm doing on time, but if I have a couple things left, I wanted to talk about a different problem. You're now just into the question, time for questions. Yeah, I'll just sketch this very quickly. So far, I've been talking about a situation where this information engine was operating in a bath that was at thermal equilibrium, water that's at thermal equilibrium. But we just heard, for example, from Ziwei that real life is out of equilibrium. And so the typical environment that we live in the real world is out of equilibrium. This can be due to either active matter, so bacterial molecular motors or in a larger scale, you have these little hex bugs sort of stirring up things. And at a really macroscopic scale, it could also represent just the wind and waves and so forth. There are all sorts of reasons that the actual environment typically is not in equilibrium. And experimentally, we can create a non-equilibrium environment in the following way. We have a resistor, which is at room temperature, which is where we're running the experiment. And it has fluctuations, but we can put it through an electrical amplifier and connect it, put electrodes in our cells so the particle is charged. And so the fluctuating Johnson noise, the voltage fluctuations, then is amplified and produces fluctuating forces on the bead. And so if we turn up the gain of the amplifier, we go from an equilibrium situation where this is the sigma that I was showing before, and that that scale of fluctuations is increasing. And we can define a sort of non-equilibrium diffusivity if you want, or kind of like an effective temperature. And here I'm neglecting measurement noises. And maybe I'll focus on this, that basically as you increase the forcing amplitude, the amount of this noise, perhaps not too surprisingly, you get more power out. So that these information engines are interesting because using exactly the same algorithm that they would use in thermal equilibrium, they automatically extract more in environment. And it doesn't have to be something where you have white noise. It can also work when you have colored noise as well. So let me just maybe skip over. But one important point, I guess, is just that we talk about effective temperatures. But I guess it's important to recognize that you can get huge effective temperatures in non-equilibrium systems. In our experiments, we got to something on a boarder 10 to the 4k. You can do this in granular media and get 10 to the 17k. And you can ask, where do these huge temperatures come from? And the reason in brief is just that these out-of-equilibrium modes are just some small minute fraction of the total number of modes of the system. So it's possible to get kind of non-equilibrium forcing that are orders of magnitude greater than what you would get by just having two physical temperatures where all the modes have to be having increased energy. And so this leads to the possibility of running autonomous information engines in these environments. But I think I have to leave that for another day. So let me just say in summary that I've introduced a kind of very simple but neat realization of an information engine and thought about a little bit about what happens when your measurements are noisy. We found that we had a surprising phase transition as a function of signal to noise where the machine just stops. But if that you're more sophisticated in how you incorporate the information by putting in basically the past history of measurements rather than the current measurement, you can get around this and work surprisingly well at unit signal to noise ratios. And just briefly suggested that if you put this all in an un-equilibrium bath, it works even better. And finally just a plug. I've been thinking a lot about control theory and signal processing and trying to put this into language that that physicists would find easier to absorb perhaps than engineering or mathematics texts. And so you can read about Bayesian and common filters in that work. So with that, thank you. Thank you, John. And we have time for a couple of questions. So anyone? I'll start. So one thing that characterizes a lot of information engines is that you really have to fit the information you gain to how you use it. And you have here some way. Is it in a some sense an optimal way to use the information given that you know that you have a harmonic oscillator? Yeah. In this very simple case, yes. Because the, I mean, essentially we have a particle that's moving in a harmonic potential sort of as linear dynamics. The noise is all Gaussian. And so then you can really prove that what we're doing is the optimal use of the information that you get. But you're completely right that in general this is a hard problem that if you had non-Gaussian noise, non-linear dynamics, then you have these Bayesian filtering equations are very easy to write out in general, but very hard to solve in particular cases. And so there's a whole branch of engineering theory, I guess, that's devoted to coming up with good approximations or as good approximation as you can get in these more complicated situations. Peter. Yeah, great talk. Thanks. I was just wondering, I mean, have you thought about sort of the optimal non-equilibrium fluctuations to harvest free energy in this example subject to some constraint on these fluctuations, right? So you can sort of repeat the experiments, but then change the nature of these fluctuations, right? Make them non-equilibrium. And then I guess you can ask what's the non-equilibrium statistics given some constraint that would sort of maximize the rate at which you can raise the free energy for a given zero work, let's say? Yeah, I mean, I think we thought about it in the more in the converse way of given an environment with a set of fluctuations, what would you do? But can you turn it around indeed? Yeah, I think one could. We haven't really thought about it that way. I mean, the general comment is that in this setup that we have here with the rules that we have, it's more or less designed for white noise to take advantage of white noise. And I didn't have time to really dwell on it, but when you have colored noise, then you get less out of it. I mean, if it's Ornstein-Ruhlenbeck noise, then in some sense, the adaptation would be to sort of set the relaxation time of the bead to kind of match that with the noise. If it's more complicated and has a funny spectrum, I'm not sure. But I think the general idea would be that you would have to have a frequency response that would make the kind of result sort of white noise fluctuations looking through the combined system. I think it would be something like that. Thanks. One more question, maybe. Hello. First of all, thank you very much for the very, very nice talk. Could you expand a little bit at some point when you compare the Bayesian filter method compared to the naive, that one would be more computationally expensive than the other in terms of information cost. Could you expand on that? How much you would expect Bayesian approach to be more expensive than the other? Yeah. So, I mean, we've thought some about that. I mean, I don't have a precise answer for you. But I guess one thing to point out with this Bayesian approach is that it incorporates information from the past history of the time series, but it does it in a recursive fashion. So, the analogy I would make is that if you want to compute the average, you can either take n quantities and add them up and divide by n, or you can have a recursive relation where you take the old value weighted by some factor and add the new value with some other and then you keep going. And when you do that, you're storing just one other piece of information. So there is an additional cost, but it's likely to be somewhat moderate. It's not some cost that is diverging within. Yeah. Thank you. Okay. There is one last question from Sunjeeva. So, following up on that, it seems like there's a memory cost in addition to the processing cost. And can you comment on what's the, well, I'm not sure how to phrase this, but what's the relative cost of the memory versus the processing? Okay. This is a really a question for Yannick Erich, who's I think in the audience. But, I mean, first of all, as I said, it's one additional, you know, it's a finite memory. It's one additional register of information. And I mean, okay, I think I may take the experimentalist fifth here and not comment too much except that if you look up the paper by Yannick Erich, he's tried to estimate some of these costs of sort of operating the controller in these ways. Because at finite information, I think I had one slide on that from what he had said. This is from his work. Yeah, this is the paper that I'm referring to that essentially the information power, you can set a minimal cost by looking at the change in conditional or joint or joint entropy between essentially the controller and then the motor element or the cargo. And so it's asking me, how much does the controller reduce the change in entropy rate from the feedback? That's an approximate interest, but I think if you want to see details, it would be in this paper. Thank you. Okay, I suggest that we'll thank all John and all the other speakers in the session.


Hello Zwifters and welcome to another episode of How to Run on Zwift. Today we're asking what on earth is Ant Plus and I've heard of Bluetooth but isn't that for connecting my AirPods to my iPhone? What on earth has it got to do with Zwift? Well today we'll find out. In simple terms both Ant Plus and Bluetooth are ways of sending data or information over short distances between different devices. Ant Plus was invented in 2003 specifically for use in sports tech to send heart rate data, cadence, revolutions per minute, power and all sorts of other information from external devices attached to say a bike or a body onto a central unit such as a running watch or a bike computer. This information is then combined with information recorded on the main unit such as time, distance, GPS track and then it's written to a file such as a GPX file, a TCX file or a fit file which is then a record of your activity. And then along came smartphones and smartphones started to use a technology called Bluetooth. A Bluetooth was actually invented in 1994 so technically slightly older than Ant Plus. Sports tech companies cottoned on to this and started producing devices that would broadcast in Bluetooth low energy or BLE or Bluetooth smart as it's also known. And eventually partly due to public demand companies started producing dual broadcast devices. So if you have a stride foot pod for example that can broadcast on both Ant Plus and Bluetooth at the same time. So which one should you use? Which one is better? Well as with all these things there are advantages and disadvantages to both, however in my opinion there is a winner. The only major advantage that Ant Plus has over Bluetooth is that Bluetooth can only connect to one device at a time. So if your heart rate monitor is connected to your phone it can't therefore connect to Zwift. For new users this can be a source of confusion when connecting to Zwift. Why is my signal not there? You have to make sure that you've disconnected your device from any other device before trying to connect it to Zwift. When training indoors there is possibly one other minor issue which could cause problems. Bluetooth operates on the 2.4 GHz frequency. Now that is the same as your Wi-Fi router. This could potentially cause a clash of signals. I have to say this has never been an issue for me or at least I've never noticed it being a problem. The thing that Bluetooth has over Ant Plus both of them operate within that range at 2.4 GHz. However Bluetooth is able to move between frequencies in the 2.4 GHz range whereas Ant Plus is stuck at 2.457 MHz and can't move at all. Therefore Ant Plus is more likely to suffer from interference from your Wi-Fi router. One of the advantages that Ant Plus used to have in sports tech was that it was ubiquitous. Every company produced Ant Plus devices and very few produced Bluetooth low-energy devices. That's simply no longer the case anymore. And the fact that you can connect your Ant Plus foot pod to more than one device at a time is great but in reality when are you going to need that? Why do you need to do that? If you're running on Zwift you connect your foot pod to Zwift and that's it. You shouldn't have to connect it to anything else. One major disadvantage of Ant Plus in indoor training is that actually other than your watch it won't connect to anything without a dongle. As far as I know does Android need a dongle? Nobody uses Android anyway. So if you want to connect to a PC or a Mac then you need a USB dongle plugged into your computer. If you want to connect via an iPhone which Zwift doesn't support anyway then you'd need a dongle plugged into your iPhone. Bluetooth on the other hand these days is supported across the board on multiple devices on multiple platforms. So iOS, Android, Mac and a PC as long as you've got the latest version of Windows installed on your PC then you can connect Bluetooth to all of those devices and all of those platforms. Now here's the thing. You might still have an old Ant Plus peripheral lying around that you want to use to connect to Zwift on iOS for example and actually you can do that with the use of a device called a bridging device. So a bridge will convert your Ant Plus signal to a shiny new Bluetooth smart signal. There are a couple of devices that will do that for you. One is the cable device which is from North Pole Engineering and the other is the Viva 4i chest strap. Ironically developed and sold by Victoria Brills who works for 4i and was the original inventor or part of the team of original inventors of the Ant Plus protocol. So there you go. In the early days of Zwift when everyone used Ant Plus there were constant complaints of signal drops from Ant Plus peripherals, power meters or whatever they might be. Remember Zwift started for cycling so it was mainly bikes that were being used. The advice was always to buy a USB extension cable and still is to bring the USB Ant Plus dongle closer to whichever device was broadcasting, power meter, cadence sensor, whatever it was. Conversely if you scroll through the Zwift riders or Zwift runners Facebook pages you will generally see fewer complaints about dropped Bluetooth smart signals. The consistency and the reliability of the Bluetooth low energy signal is rarely an issue. That said Ant Plus is still very good and it is used without problems by thousands of runners and riders across the world to this day. So in the end the choice is yours. If you are still using Ant Plus technology and you're happy with it and it's giving you no problems by all means carry on. But despite technically being the older technology Bluetooth, Bluetooth smart, Bluetooth low energy is the new young upstart in sports tech and it's taking over from Ant Plus. If you're running on Zwift I highly recommend using Bluetooth to connect your devices. It is supported across the board, it's very reliable and it's dead easy. And that's it for this episode of how to run on Zwift. Thanks for watching. Please do comment down below what your preference is and Plus or Bluetooth. No judgment here. Take care, we'll see for the next one. Bye bye.